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Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Knowledge of internal dental morphology is an extremely important step in planning and administering endodontic therapy.\[[@ref1]\] The numerous anatomical variations existing in the root canal system may contribute to the failure of root canal therapy. Failure to explore and instrument even one of the canals results in improper cleaning of root canal system and can lead to endodontic treatment failure.\[[@ref2]\] The mandibular first molar, the earliest permanent posterior tooth to erupt, seems to be the tooth that most often requires root canal treatment. The usual canal distribution is two canals in the mesial root and one or two canals in the distal root. Baugh D and Wallace J. also described the presence of a middle mesial canal.\[[@ref3]\] Additionally, Stoner *et al*. and Beatty and Iterian\[[@ref4][@ref5]\] have reported on more obscure cases in which a third canal was located in the distal root. Martinez and Bandaneli\[[@ref6]\] showed two cases with six canals. Astonishingly, Reeh\[[@ref7]\] has even reported a case with seven canals, consisting of four canals in the mesial root and three in the distal root. The role of advanced diagnostic tools cannot be overlooked in the diagnosis and management of such a complex canal system.
It has been postulated that secondary dentin apposition during tooth maturation would form dentinal vertical partitions inside the root canal cavity, thus creating root canals. A third root canal may also be created inside the root canal cavity of mandibular molars by this process. Such third canals are usually situated centrally between the two main root canals, the buccal and lingual of the mesial and distal roots. The diameter of these third middle canals is usually smaller than that of the other two.\[[@ref6]\] This case report presents the management of a mandibular first molar with six root canals, three in mesial and three in distal root. Additionally, this case report highlights the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) as a diagnostic tool in Endodontics.
Case Report {#sec1-2}
===========
A 38 year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of pain in the mandibular right posterior region for the past two weeks. Clinical examination revealed a carious left mandibular first molar (36). The clinical and radiographic findings led to a diagnosis of chronic irreversible pulpitis, necessitating endodontic therapy. Preoperative radiographic evaluation of the involved tooth pointed towards the presence of more than one canals in the distal root \[[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}\]. Anaesthesia of mandibular left first molar was achieved with inferior alveolar nerve block using 2% Lignocaine. The tooth was isolated using a rubber dam and an endodontic access cavity preparation was done. Clinical examination revealed four distinct orifices, two located mesially (mesiobuccal, and mesiolingual) and two distally (distobuccal and distolingual). However, on careful examination of the access cavity with endo-explorer, an additional orifice was detected between the two main canals, both mesially and distally. \[Figures [2a](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [b](#F3){ref-type="fig"}\]
{#F1}
{#F2}
{#F3}
Glide path and patency was achieved using no. 6, 8, and 10 k- files. Working-length radiographs were taken at different angulations with a file placed in each of the three mesial and three distal orifices \[[Figure 3](#F4){ref-type="fig"}\], and confirmed with electronic apex locator (Raypex 5). Cleaning and shaping was performed using a crown down preparation with rotary Protaper instruments (Maillefer, Dentsply, Ballaigues, Switzerland) under profuse irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite solution. After drying the root canals with sterile paper points, obturation was carried out with Protaper gutta percha cones (Maillefer, Dentsply, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using zinc oxide eugenol sealer. The access cavity was temporarily restored with Cavit \[Figure [4a](#F5){ref-type="fig"} and [b](#F6){ref-type="fig"}\].
{#F4}
{#F5}
{#F6}
CBCT imaging confirmed the presence of six canals in the concerned tooth. However, the middle mesial and middle distal canals were found confluent with their respective mesial/distal buccal canals at the junction of middle and apical one third, indicating towards the presence of three orifice and two apical foramina in each root \[Figure [5a](#F7){ref-type="fig"} and [b](#F7){ref-type="fig"}\].
{#F7}
Discussion {#sec1-3}
==========
A thorough knowledge of root canal morphology and canal configuration of the teeth plays an important role in the success of endodontic therapy.\[[@ref8]\] Studies have described the presence of aberrant canals in the mandibular first molar with three canals in the mesial as well as distal roots.\[[@ref3][@ref9][@ref10][@ref11]\] The third mesial and distal canal is defined as being independent when a distinct coronal orifice and apical foramen are observed, or confluent when converging into one of the other two main canals and terminating at a common apical foramen.\[[@ref7]\] Many authors have agreed on the presence of three foramina in the mesial root; however, only a few reported the presence of three independent canals, which presents itself as a rare anatomical variant. In a study of 760 mandibular molars, Fabra *et al*.\[[@ref12]\] found that 20 molars (2.6%) had three canals in the mesial root. Endodontic success in teeth with the aforementioned number of canals requires a careful clinical and radiographic inspection. Diagnostic aids such as CBCT, Dentascan, multiple preoperative radiographs, examination of the pulp chamber floor with a sharp explorer, troughing of the grooves with ultrasonic tips, staining the chamber floor with 1% methylene blue dye, performing the sodium hypochlorite "champagne bubble test," and visualizing canal bleeding points are all important aids in locating the root canal orifices.\[[@ref13]\] The search for an extra orifice is also aided by the use of microscopes, magnifying loupes and fiber-optic trans-illumination to locate the developmental line between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual orifices.\[[@ref14]\]
A significant constraint in conventional radiography is that it produces a 2D image of a 3D object, resulting in the superimposition of the overlying structures. Therefore, such radiographs are of limited value in cases with complex root canal anatomy. Interpretation and appraisal based on a 2D radiograph may alert the clinician to the presence of aberrant anatomy; however, may not be able to present the variable and complex morphological structure of the root canals and their interrelations. Hence, CBCT has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three dimensional non invasive information of the root canal anatomy. Gopikrishna *et al*.\[[@ref15]\] used spiral computerized tomography for the confirmatory diagnosis of a morphological aberration in the maxillary first molar. Matherne *et al*. (2008)\[[@ref16]\] conducted an ex vivo investigation to compare a Charge Coupled Device Photostimuable Phosphor Plates (CCDPSP) digital radiography system with CBCT to detect the number of root canals in 72 extracted teeth. They found that with digital radiography, endodontists fail to identify at least one root canal in 40% of teeth.
Treating extra canals may be challenging; however, the inability to find and properly treat the root canals may cause failures. With advance diagnostic aids like CBCT and Dentascan, these challenges can be overcome. Although the incidence of root and canal variations is rare, every effort should be made to find and treat all the root canals for successful clinical results.
**Source of Support:** Nil.
**Conflict of Interest:** None declared.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
Antisense phosphodiester oligonucleotides, conjugated with acridine, and antisense methylphosphonate oligonucleotides, killed cultured Trypanosome brucei in the Phase I program. In the Phase II program, antisense olignucleotides will be edified at the base, sugar, and phosphodiester functional groups to increase their therapeutic potency. These modifications will be designed to increase oligonucleotide cell penetration, stability, and functional inhibition of target RNA or DNA. The nucleic acid target will be expanded beyond the 39 nucleotide spliced leader sequence of trypanosome mRNAs to include the small nuclear RNAs, the coding and non-coding of several mRNA sequences, and the actin gene promoter region. Modified oligonucleotides then will be tested against the trypanosome procyclic form in culture, and those with enhanced therapeutic activity against the bloodstream form. Active oligonucleotides will be tested for therapeutic efficacy using trypanosome infected mice. Positive results will be of interest to the pharmaceutical industry for the development of new antisense oligonucleotide chemotherapeutic agents for trypanosomes and other parasites.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
}
|
Effects of amiodarone therapy on thyroid iodine content as measured by x-ray fluorescence.
Thyroid iodine content (TIC) was measured by x-ray fluorescence in 68 patients who had received amiodarone treatment for varying intervals (1 g/week for 1-120 months). Thirty-six patients were euthyroid; the mean TIC of the patients (n = 15), who had been treated for less than 12 months was 30 +/- 19 (+/- SD) mg, twice the normal mean value (14.6 +/- 5.0 mg), and it was 39 +/- 17 mg in those (n = 16) who had been treated for 12-60 months and 29 +/- 6 mg in those (n = 5) who had been treated longer (greater than 60 months). Nineteen patients were hyperthyroid and had elevated TIC values. Of them, 6 patients had a goiter; their TIC (50 +/- 19 mg) was not significantly different from that of the hyperthyroid patients with no goiter (55 +/- 29 mg), but they became hyperthyroid more rapidly. Thirteen patients were hypothyroid; none had TIC values above the normal range, and it was below 2.5 mg in 5 patients. A sequential study was undertaken in 11 euthyroid patients who had no detectable antithyroid antibodies. TIC did not increase during treatment in 2 patients; both developed hypothyroidism, which was transient in 1 despite continuation of amiodarone treatment. The TIC initially increased during amiodarone treatment in the other 9 patients, leveling off at the end of the first year. The TIC rose well above the upper limit of the normal range in 4 patients, of whom 2 became hyperthyroid during the second year of treatment. TIC remained within the normal range in the other 5 patients, of whom 3 became hypothyroid after 12-24 months of treatment (1 subclinical, 2 overt). Although the TIC was significantly higher in the patients with hyperthyroidism than in the patients who remained euthyroid, the TIC test cannot be used to predict the occurrence of hyperthyroidism. The latter must be diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and a frank elevation of serum thyroid hormone levels. Conversely, patients whose TIC values do not increase during treatment or remain within the normal range should be considered at risk for hypothyroidism.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Sir,
A forty-nine year-old male underwent live related renal transplantation thirteen years ago for end stage renal disease secondary to bilateral vesicoureteric reflux. He was on prednisolone 10 mg per day and azathioprine 125 mg per day for maintenance immunosuppression. He presented with pain in his abdomen and vomiting that had been prevalent since the past day. Evaluation was suggestive of hollow viscous perforation which was confirmed by computed tomography of the abdomen. As laparotomy revealed a perforation with growth in the jejunum, a jejunal segment resection was done followed by jejunojejunal anastamosis. Histopathological investigation revealed that the growth was a diffuse, large B cell lymphoma \[[Figure 1](#F0001){ref-type="fig"}\]. Immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be a B cell variant of diffuse large cell NonHodgkin\'s lymphoma of the small bowel. Viral serology showed significant Epstein barr virus (viral capsid antigen) IgM and Epstein barr virus (nuclear antigen) IgG levels being normal. The patient was maintained on CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone) regimen by a medical oncologist.
{#F0001}
Renal transplant recipients carry a three to five fold higher risk of malignancy as compared to healthy people. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is second only to skin cancers in contributing to 12% of posttransplant malignancies and its incidence increases with time.\[[@CIT1]\] The risk of developing PTLD is highest within the first year after the transplant, and the probability decreases thereafter.\[[@CIT2]\] The incidence increases with the age of the patient and the duration and cumulative dose of immunosuppressive therapy. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Cumulative doses and longer duration of systemic glucocorticoids and azathioprine increase the incidence of nonHodgkin\'s lymphoma (NHL).\[[@CIT3]\] The single most important risk factor for developing PTLD is EBV infection. This association is well established and 80--90% of PTLD cases are associated with primary EBV infection or reactivation of previously acquired EBV.\[[@CIT4]\]
Most cases of PTLD occur as nodal diseases, but they can present with localized symptoms involving organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, skin, liver, central nervous system, and infiltrative lesions in the allograft. Extranodal involvement occurs in more than 50% of the cases. The gastrointestinal tract is predominantly involved with an increased propensity for ulceration and perforation.\[[@CIT5]\] In our patient, the points of interest were: a) presentation as perforation, b) the neoplastic growth resected turning out as a diffuse B cell variant of nonHodgkin\'s lymphoma with positive Epstein barr viral serology.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
Valsecca
Valsecca was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about northeast of Milan and about northwest of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 411 and an area of . In 2014 it was merged into the comune of Sant'Omobono Terme.
References
Category:Former municipalities of Lombardy
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
10) + 0))**2.
36*sqrt(5) + 1621
Simplify (sqrt(304) + -2 + 4 + -2 + -3)**2 + (-3 + sqrt(2299) + -1 + sqrt(2299) + 0 + -2)**2.
-288*sqrt(19) + 9545
Simplify 4 + (sqrt(640)*-2*6 - sqrt(640))/(sqrt(6)/sqrt(3)*-4*-3).
-26*sqrt(5)/3 + 4
Simplify ((-5 + (sqrt(2299) + 0)*3)*-4 - ((2 + sqrt(2299))*3 + sqrt(2299) + -4*(sqrt(2299) + 0) + sqrt(2299)))**2.
-4004*sqrt(19) + 388727
Simplify -3 + (0 + (sqrt(11)*3)**2 + 5 - (2*sqrt(176) - (sqrt(121)/(sqrt(11) + sqrt(44)) + sqrt(11))))*4.
-80*sqrt(11)/3 + 413
Simplify ((-6*(sqrt(1539) + -1 + sqrt(1539) + sqrt(1539)))**2*-2 + ((sqrt(1539)*2 + 1)**2 - (-4 + (sqrt(1539) - 2*sqrt(1539))**2)))*4.
-3970888 + 15696*sqrt(19)
Simplify (sqrt(198)/sqrt(396) - sqrt(36)/(1*sqrt(2)))/(sqrt(18)/sqrt(2)*3 + sqrt(225)*-1 + sqrt(225)).
-5*sqrt(2)/18
Simplify 5*(-1 + (-4*sqrt(16)/sqrt(36))/(sqrt(4)/(sqrt(2) - (2*sqrt(2) - sqrt(2))*5))) + -4.
-9 + 80*sqrt(2)/3
Simplify (5 + 1*(3 + sqrt(396) + sqrt(396))*-1 + -2 + sqrt(396) + 0 + (sqrt(396) - (4 + (sqrt(396) - sqrt(396)*-4))))**2.
240*sqrt(11) + 9916
Simplify (((sqrt(2448)*-4 + sqrt(2448) - sqrt(2448)) + sqrt(2448) - (3*sqrt(187))/sqrt(11)) + -6*(sqrt(272) - (sqrt(272) - sqrt(272)*1))*-6)**2.
187425
Simplify (((5*sqrt(280)*-2)/(sqrt(60)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(4))))/((-3*sqrt(36))/sqrt(9) - sqrt(16)/((sqrt(8)/sqrt(2) - sqrt(4)) + sqrt(4))))**2.
175/4
Simplify -5 + 5*((0 + (sqrt(50) - (0 + sqrt(3200) + sqrt(3200))))**2 + 1)*-4.
-225025
Simplify -1*((-5*(sqrt(156)*-1 - sqrt(156)))/(sqrt(96)/(sqrt(8) + sqrt(200))) + -1)*-3 + 4.
1 + 180*sqrt(13)
Simplify (-4 + (-6*(3 + sqrt(153))*3 - (sqrt(153)*-2 + 2 - (sqrt(153) + sqrt(153)*-1 + 0))))**2.
5760*sqrt(17) + 42768
Simplify -5 + 0 + sqrt(252) + 2 + -1*(sqrt(1134) - (-1*sqrt(1134) - sqrt(1134)))/sqrt(2).
-21*sqrt(7) - 3
Simplify -5 + (sqrt(112)/sqrt(32) + sqrt(56) + sqrt(56) + sqrt(56) + sqrt(336)/(sqrt(36)/sqrt(6)) + sqrt(56) + sqrt(56))/(sqrt(24)/(sqrt(3) - sqrt(192)*-4)).
-5 + 825*sqrt(7)/4
Simplify -3*(3 + (sqrt(1125) - (sqrt(1125) + 1)*-6 - (-1*sqrt(1125)*1 - sqrt(1125))) + -4 + sqrt(1125) + sqrt(1125)*2*-2)**2.
-121575 - 2700*sqrt(5)
Simplify (-3*(sqrt(891) + 4))**2 - (2*sqrt(891)*1 - sqrt(891)) - ((sqrt(891) - (sqrt(891) - (sqrt(891) + 1))*-1)**2 - (sqrt(891) + sqrt(891)*-6 + 5)).
612*sqrt(11) + 7276
Simplify ((1*(sqrt(171) + sqrt(171)*3) + (sqrt(171)*3 + sqrt(171))*2)/(1*sqrt(1458)/sqrt(2)))**2.
304/9
Simplify ((-2*(4*(-2*sqrt(152) + sqrt(152)) - (2*sqrt(152)*2 + sqrt(152))))/((1*sqrt(432))/(sqrt(6) - sqrt(66)/(-1*sqrt(11)))))**2.
2736
Simplify ((sqrt(108) + (sqrt(108) - sqrt(108)*-5) + sqrt(108))/sqrt(9)*6 - (sqrt(432) + -4 + 0 + sqrt(432)))**2.
576*sqrt(3) + 15568
Simplify 2*((sqrt(2448) - (sqrt(2448)*2 - sqrt(2448)))*2 + ((sqrt(2448) + -2)*-3)**2 + -3*((sqrt(2448)*1 - sqrt(2448)) + -3)*5).
-864*sqrt(17) + 44226
Simplify (3*(sqrt(340)/((1*sqrt(70))/sqrt(7)))/(sqrt(242) + sqrt(242)*-2*-1)*1)**2.
17/121
Simplify (1*(sqrt(30)/sqrt(3) + sqrt(10) - sqrt(10)) + sqrt(10))/(-4*(sqrt(5) - sqrt(5)*-1)) - (2 + sqrt(32) + -4)**2*5.
-180 + 319*sqrt(2)/4
Simplify ((3*(((sqrt(72) + -1)*-6 - sqrt(72)) + sqrt(72)))**2 + -4 + (sqrt(72) + (-4*sqrt(72) - sqrt(72)))**2*2)*6.
-23328*sqrt(2) + 155712
Simplify 2 + 2*(4 + (((sqrt(98) + 0 - sqrt(98)) + 0 - (5*(sqrt(98) + 0 + sqrt(98)) + sqrt(98))) + -5)**2).
1540*sqrt(2) + 23776
Simplify -6*(-2 + ((sqrt(147) + -1)*-5 + sqrt(147) + -1 - (-5 + -1*sqrt(147) + -4)))**2.
-8664 + 2772*sqrt(3)
Simplify -4*(-2 + (5 + -4*(1*sqrt(80) + -4))*-3) + 2.
-192*sqrt(5) + 262
Simplify 1 + 1*sqrt(13) + 4 + -4*sqrt(13)*-4 + -3*(-1*(sqrt(78)/sqrt(3) - sqrt(26)))/(-2*sqrt(242) + sqrt(242)).
5 + 17*sqrt(13)
Simplify -3 + sqrt(28) + (2*sqrt(28))**2 + 0 + ((sqrt(1008) - (-3 + 0 + sqrt(1008))) + (-3*sqrt(1008)*-1 - sqrt(1008)))**2.
146*sqrt(7) + 4150
Simplify ((-5 + 0 + sqrt(242) + (sqrt(242) - (sqrt(242)*-1 + -4)))**2 - ((-6*(sqrt(242) + 0 + sqrt(242)))**2 + -1*(sqrt(242) + 0) + sqrt(242)))*3 + -2.
-98009 - 198*sqrt(2)
Simplify (((sqrt(77)*-3 - sqrt(77)) + sqrt(77))*-3 + 3*sqrt(77)*2)/(-1*(sqrt(11)*4 + sqrt(11)) - -6*(sqrt(1100) - sqrt(11))).
15*sqrt(7)/49
Simplify ((sqrt(832) + -2*(sqrt(832) + 1))*3 + 2)**2 - (((-1*sqrt(624))/sqrt(12))**2 + (2 + sqrt(13) + sqrt(52)/sqrt(4) - (sqrt(91)*-1 + sqrt(91))/sqrt(7))**2).
184*sqrt(13) + 7396
Simplify (((sqrt(189)*2*6)/(sqrt(900)*-1))/(3*sqrt(70)/(1*sqrt(490) + sqrt(490))))**2.
2352/25
Simplify ((sqrt(117) - sqrt(117)*-1*-4) + sqrt(117) + (sqrt(117)*-2 + sqrt(117))*5)/(-2*(sqrt(1296)*1 + sqrt(9))*-4).
-7*sqrt(13)/104
Simplify (0 + (sqrt(2541)*-5 - sqrt(2541))/sqrt(7) + 2 + sqrt(6)/sqrt(8) + sqrt(21)/(sqrt(35)/sqrt(5)))**2.
-258*sqrt(3) + 49939/4
Simplify ((1*sqrt(65)*-1 + sqrt(65))/(sqrt(180)*1))**2 - (5 + ((sqrt(104)/sqrt(4))/sqrt(2) - -3*sqrt(117))**2).
-1305
Simplify -1*(((sqrt(1100) + 5*sqrt(1100))**2 - sqrt(11)) + 4 + sqrt(1331) + 1 + sqrt(88)/((sqrt(8) - (sqrt(8) + (sqrt(8)*2 + sqrt(8) - sqrt(8))))*-1)).
-39605 - 21*sqrt(11)/2
Simplify 5 + sqrt(1053) + (sqrt(1053) - (sqrt(1053) + 0 + 0))**2 + 4 - (-2 + 6*(sqrt(1053) + 1)*-4).
35 + 225*sqrt(13)
Simplify (-4 + -1 + sqrt(539)*-1 + -5 - (2 + sqrt(539) + 0 + 0 + 4))**2.
448*sqrt(11) + 2412
Simplify -2 + (-1*sqrt(117)*6 + -4*2*sqrt(117) - (((1*(1 + sqrt(117)) - sqrt(117)) + sqrt(117) - sqrt(117))**2 + 2*(-1*sqrt(117))**2)).
-237 - 42*sqrt(13)
Simplify (-1*(sqrt(190) + (sqrt(190) + sqrt(190)*-1 - sqrt(190))) + sqrt(190))/(sqrt(40)/sqrt(16)) + (-2*(4 + (sqrt(1900) - 1*(sqrt(1900) + -1))))**2.
2*sqrt(19) + 100
Simplify -4 + (sqrt(112)*-2 + (-2*sqrt(49))/sqrt(7) - ((sqrt(7) - sqrt(700)) + sqrt(224)/sqrt(2))).
-5*sqrt(7) - 4
Simplify (-6*(1 + -4 + sqrt(700) + -4 + 4 + 0))**2.
-2160*sqrt(7) + 25524
Simplify 2*(sqrt(300)*1)**2 + sqrt(300) + 2 + -1 + (sqrt(576)*-1)/(sqrt(1200)*1).
48*sqrt(3)/5 + 601
Simplify -1*(-4 + ((4 + 0 + sqrt(112))*3 + 4*sqrt(112)*-1 + sqrt(112) + (sqrt(112) - ((sqrt(112) + 1)*-4 - sqrt(112))))**2)*4.
-17136 - 3072*sqrt(7)
Simplify (-1*(sqrt(204) - (sqrt(204) + (sqrt(204) - (sqrt(204) + 2*sqrt(204) - sqrt(204)) - sqrt(204) - sqrt(204))) - sqrt(204))*3)/(sqrt(84)/(sqrt(7)*4)*-3).
8*sqrt(17)
Simplify ((sqrt(3) + 0 + sqrt(3) + -1)**2*2 + sqrt(21)/((1*sqrt(84))/sqrt(12)) + 0)*-2.
-52 + 14*sqrt(3)
Simplify (4*(-2*sqrt(133) + sqrt(133)) + -2*sqrt(133)*-2)/((sqrt(280)/(sqrt(5)*2))/(sqrt(16)/(sqrt(2) - sqrt(18) - sqrt(2)) - sqrt(8))).
0
Simplify ((sqrt(513)/(sqrt(900)*-1 - sqrt(9))*4)/((sqrt(18) - (sqrt(18) + sqrt(882)*-1))/(sqrt(6) + sqrt(726)*-2 + sqrt(726))))**2.
30400/5929
Simplify ((2*sqrt(150)*-1)/(-2*sqrt(300)) + -4 + 6*(sqrt(50) - -3*sqrt(800)))**2.
-3124*sqrt(2) + 609993/2
Simplify 3 + ((-1*6*(-3 + sqrt(27)))**2 - (1 + sqrt(75) + -1)**2*-4).
-648*sqrt(3) + 1599
Simplify (-6*(1 + sqrt(272)*-1*4 - (-2*sqrt(272) + 2 + -4)))**2.
-1728*sqrt(17) + 39492
Simplify ((-2 + 5 + -1*(sqrt(2448) + -3) + sqrt(2448) + 2)*3)**2 + -4.
572
Simplify 1*(((sqrt(19) - (-3 + sqrt(19)*3))**2 + 3)*5*-6 + 4)*2.
-5272 + 720*sqrt(19)
Simplify ((sqrt(2304) + (sqrt(2304)*2 - sqrt(2304)) + sqrt(16) + sqrt(16))/(sqrt(48)/(sqrt(6)*-2)))**2 - sqrt(18)/(sqrt(9) + (sqrt(9) - -4*2*sqrt(9)))*4.
-2*sqrt(2)/5 + 5408
Simplify 6*2*(1 + (-1*sqrt(704) - sqrt(704))*-1)*-3*3.
-1728*sqrt(11) - 108
Simplify (4*((sqrt(133) + 2*sqrt(133))*-4 + sqrt(133)))/((1*sqrt(378) + sqrt(378))/sqrt(6)).
-22*sqrt(19)/3
Simplify (4 + (sqrt(480)/(sqrt(36)/(sqrt(9)/sqrt(3))))/(sqrt(32)/(-1*sqrt(4)*1))*3)**2.
-24*sqrt(5) + 61
Simplify (-5*(-2 + -1*sqrt(272)) + -1 + (sqrt(272) - (2 + sqrt(272))) + -2)**2 + -3.
200*sqrt(17) + 6822
Simplify (5 + (5 + (sqrt(495)*-2*-4)/((sqrt(99) - (sqrt(99) + 1*sqrt(99))) + sqrt(99) + sqrt(99) + sqrt(99)))**2*1)*-5.
-550 - 200*sqrt(5)
Simplify 6*(-2*-3*sqrt(2) - (sqrt(72) + (2 + sqrt(72))**2)) - 4*(-5*(sqrt(72)*2 + sqrt(72)))**2*5.
-324456 - 144*sqrt(2)
Simplify (6*4*(sqrt(320) + sqrt(320) + 2 + -3))**2 + (sqrt(10)/(sqrt(4)/sqrt(2)))**2 + -4 + (-4*sqrt(500)*2)**2.
-18432*sqrt(5) + 769857
Simplify (-5*sqrt(99)*2)/(sqrt(9) + sqrt(54)/(sqrt(12)/sqrt(2)) - sqrt(9)) + ((0 + sqrt(176))*4)**2*-2.
-5632 - 10*sqrt(11)
Simplify (((sqrt(176) + sqrt(176) + (sqrt(176) - (sqrt(176) - (sqrt(176) + sqrt(176) + 1)))*3)**2 + sqrt(176) + 1 - -2*(sqrt(176) + 1)*-6)*3 + -4)*4.
1776*sqrt(11) + 135128
Simplify ((sqrt(7)*4*6)**2 + 0 + sqrt(56)/(sqrt(48)/(sqrt(216) + sqrt(6))))*-1.
-403
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
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|
My details to Rick and Sharron...
---------------------- Forwarded by Sally Beck/HOU/ECT on 10/18/2000 10:39 PM
---------------------------
Enron North America Corp.
From: Sally Beck 10/18/2000 10:31 PM
To: Richard Causey/Corp/Enron@ENRON
cc: Sharron Westbrook/Corp/Enron@ENRON
Subject: Speaking Engagement - October 23, 2000
Thanks in advance for agreeing to speak at the Global Operations Controller
Forum. I know that we are catching you before a tee time on Monday, so I
especially appreciate your joining us to kick off the event that morning.
Dress for the forum is casual, so feel free to do the same. There will be
approximately 30 Enron business controllers present at the meeting. All have
responsibility for mid and back office operations for the following Enron
entities: Enron North America, Enron Europe, Enron South America, Enron
Global Markets, Enron Industrial Markets, Enron Broadband Services and Enron
Energy Services. Attendees will be here from Houston, Calgary, Tokyo,
Sydney, London and New York (metals business).
Attached for your reference is the agenda. There may be some slight changes
before the forum begins, but this will give you a good idea of the topics to
be covered and the other speakers who will address the group.
You are scheduled to address the group as follows:
Date: Monday, October 23, 2000
Time: 8:00 am
(breakfast will be served at 7:30 and you are invited to join us)
Place: The Warwick Hotel
The Versailles Room - 12th Floor
5701 Main Street
Houston, TX 77005
With a small group, your talk can be informal and you do not need to prepare
slides (unless you would like to do so). Q&A afterwards would be great. Key
speaking points that would enforce the value of this conference for this
group would be:
recognition of a job well done in supporting explosive business growth in
2000
your support for global standards for operational controls for trading
activities
your recognition of the value of operational professionals in the
organization to ensure integrity of mid and back office functions
your challenge to the group to strive for best in class processes and
controls as Enron's growth as a trading organization continues
Let me know if you have any questions and thanks again for joining us.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
}
|
William Havens
William Dodge Havens, Jr. (January 29, 1919 – May 5, 2013) was an American canoeist who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1919 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:American male canoeists
Category:Olympic canoeists of the United States
Category:Canoeists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
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As a consequence of climate change, the melting of polar ice supposedly could send vast quantities of fresh water into the North Atlantic's salty oceans. This torrent would work to shut down a major Atlantic Ocean current that stabilizes the Northern Hemisphere's climate system, unleashing abrupt and drastic changes to our climate.
While these forecasts are extreme, most climate experts agree that climate change is occurring now and may accelerate in the future, although not as drastic as some fiction might portray. Scientists agree that a sudden shift in our climate, such as flipping from today's slowly warming planet to an icebox is bogus and does not obey fundamental rules of physics.
Examining Climate: A Complicated Puzzle
There is little doubt that the Earth has been warming, at least since 1850. In the last century alone, temperature has climbed about one degree Fahrenheit on average around the world. Sea levels have also risen by as much as eight inches because as the oceans warm, the waters expand. Larsen B, a floating ice shelf in the Antarctic, collapsed in 2002, and there is evidence that Greenland's ice sheets are melting.
Image Above: This animation (360KB) shows the annual minimum sea ice extent and concentration for 24 years, from 1979 to 2003. The year 2002 showed lowest level of sea ice on record. Credit: NASA
But, these changes are complex and brought on by several factors. Most scientists say higher temperatures are likely the result of an atmospheric increase in greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. Other human-caused factors, like changing land cover also appear to be influencing the climate. And, finally, natural phenomena, like swings in the sun's energy and volcanic eruptions, also play a crucial role. It's important to recognize that our climate would fluctuate even without these factors since the atmosphere and oceans contain numerous gases and liquids that are constantly "sloshing" around.
Understanding the history of these factors, or "forcings," is essential for future climate predictions. "Knowing about the future means knowing about the past, how things have changed previously and why," said NASA research climatologist Gavin Schmidt.
Drastic Changes in Days?
Once considered inconceivable, recent studies have given credence to the idea that climate can change rapidly, within decades. For example, new research shows that as the world warmed at the end of the last ice age, about 13,000 years ago, melting ice sheets added enormous amounts of fresh water to the North Atlantic.
Image Right: Click the image to see a conceptual animation of the North
Atlantic overturning circulation. Credit: NASA
The ocean circulation system relies on the sinking of heavy, dense saltwater in the North Atlantic. But, the rapid infusion of freshwater made the surface of the ocean more buoyant, shown in the animation below. This triggered a sudden halt in the ocean's circulation system, resulting in a return to ice-age-like conditions known as the Younger Dryas. This ocean circulation system has slowed down at least twice in the distant past. Each time, the slow down led to significant, but not disastrous cooling over the span of a few decades in parts of the world.
Although there is some evidence that North Atlantic Ocean currents and patterns of saltiness have shown recent changes consistent with these previous climate disruptions, "the time period is far too short to indicate a change in long-term circulation," says NASA oceanographer David Adamec. It will take another decade of data collection to determine whether the recently observed changes in our ocean-climate system are permanent or merely a short-lived phenomenon.
The physical makeup of the world today is also very different. Areas that once had major ice sheets are now much warmer and the amount of freshwater that could be added to the North Atlantic over the next 50 to 100 years is trivial compared to the influx seen just prior to the Younger Dryas.
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The present invention relates generally to optical limiting devices and more particularly to a solid-state optical limiting device and to a method for preparing the device.
Optical sensors are important, light sensitive devices that are used in light detection. They can, however, be damaged if they are exposed to a high enough intensity of light. Dynamic and passive forms of optical sensor protection are known. One form of sensor protection may include, for example, special glasses that a welder uses to protect the welder""s eyes from the high intensity light generated by the welder""s arc. Another form of sensor protection may include an optical sensor that can sense high intensity light and communicate electronically to an actuator to block at least some of the light, thereby reducing its intensity and minimizing damage to the sensor.
Optical limiting devices placed between the light source and the sensor can provide the sensor with protection from high intensity light. These protective devices absorb or scatter high intensity light while transmitting low intensity light from the light source to the sensor. Since no communication from the sensor or from any other device is required for optical limiting devices to become active, they provide a type of xe2x80x9csmartxe2x80x9d protection; they are always active, and they respond almost instantly to high intensity light. The increased speed is particularly important for applications where the sensor may be exposed to sudden bursts of high intensity light. Optical limiting devices are used, for example, to protect optical sensors in pulsed laser systems.
Optical limiting devices have been recently reviewed by Lee W. Tutt, et. al. in xe2x80x9cA Review of Optical Limiting Mechanisms and Devices Using Organics, Fullerenes, Semiconductors, and Other Materials, Prog. Quant. Electr, 1993, vol. 17, pp. 299-338, hereby incorporated by reference. A subset of devices described therein employ optically sensitive materials that exhibit an accumulative optical absorption effect known as xe2x80x9creverse saturable absorptionxe2x80x9d (RSA). The RSA effect, first reported by C. R. Guiliano and L. D. Hess in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1967, vol. 3, p. 358, was discovered when various dye molecules did not bleach, i.e. become more transparent, when exposed to high intensity light but instead became less transparent.
The RSA effect for dye molecules arises when the excited state absorption cross-sections for the molecules are larger than the ground state absorption cross-sections. As these types of molecules absorb light, their first excited state populations increase and contribute to the total absorption cross-section. Since the first excited state cross-section is larger than the ground state cross-section for an RSA absorber, the total absorption increases as the excited state becomes more populated and the molecules become less transparent as they absorb light. In contrast, xe2x80x9csaturable absorbersxe2x80x9d are molecules having a first excited state cross-section that is smaller than the ground state cross-section. When these types of molecules absorb light, they bleach, i.e. they become more transparent to light.
A wide variety of materials potentially usable as optical limiting materials have been tested. These materials include transition metal cluster compounds, such as iron carbonyl cluster compounds reported in U.S. Pat. No. 5,283,697 to L. W. Tutt et al., which were blended into a polymer to provide an optical limiting device. They also include fullerenes, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,329 to T. K. Dougherty et al. in xe2x80x9cProcess for Making a Solid Optical Limiter Containing a Graded Distribution of Reverse Saturable Materialxe2x80x9d, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,442 to D. W. McBranch et al. entitled xe2x80x9cOptical Limiting Materialsxe2x80x9d. The strongest RSA effects to date have been observed for metalloporphyrin and metallophthalocyanine complexes, e.g. lead tetrakis(4-cumylphenoxy) phthalocyanine. For example, see J. S. Shirk et al., xe2x80x9cOptical Limiter Using a Lead Phthalocyaninexe2x80x9d, Appl. Phys. Lett. (63)14, 1993, pp. 1880-1882; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,805,326 to A. W. Snow et al. entitled xe2x80x9cOptical Limiter Structure and Methodxe2x80x9d. Some of these complexes were dissolved in (poly(methylmethacrylate)) (PMMA) and in polystyrene to provide xe2x80x9coptical limiter structuresxe2x80x9d. While these structures can be used as high intensity light attenuators, they are also subject to damage from high intensity light.
Thus, there remains a need for optical limiting devices with superior properties. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing optical limiting devices that exhibit a strong RSA effect and less subject to damage from high intensity light than known devices.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide an optical limiting device with a strong RSA effect and less subject to damage from high intensity light than known devices.
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention includes a method of preparing an optical limiting device, comprising the steps of dissolving an RSA material having reverse saturable absorption properties in a first solvent to produce a first solution; dissolving polyvinylbutyral into a second solvent to produce a second solution; mixing the solutions together to produce a third solution and stirring the third solution to remove air bubbles therefrom; layering the third solution onto one side of a transparent substrate; and evaporating the solvent from the third solution to produce a solid layer of polyvinylbutyral/RSA material that is adhered to the substrate and thereby form the optical limiting device.
The invention also includes a method of forming an optical limiting device, comprising the steps of dissolving an RSA material having reversible saturable absorption properties in a first solvent to produce a first solution; dissolving polyvinylbutyral into a second solvent to produce a second solution; mixing the solutions together to produce a third solution and stirring the third solution to remove air bubbles therefrom; layering a portion of the third solution onto one side of a transparent substrate; evaporating the evaporating the solvent from the third solution produce a first solid layer of polymer/material that is adhered to the substrate; layering another portion of the third solution onto another side of the substrate plate; and evaporating the solvent from-other portion to produce a second solid layer of polymer/RSA material having reversible saturable absorption properties that is adhered to the substrate and thereby form the optical limiting device.
The invention also includes an optical-limiting device produced by the method of preparing an optical limiting device, comprising the steps of dissolving an RSA material having reverse saturable absorption properties in a first solvent to produce a first solution; dissolving polyvinylbutyral into a second solvent to produce a second solution; mixing the solutions together to produce a third solution and stirring the third solution to remove air bubbles therefrom; layering the third solution onto one side of a transparent substrate; and evaporating the solvent from the third solution to produce a solid layer of polyvinylbutyral/RSA material that is adhered to the substrate and thereby form the optical limiting device.
The invention also includes optical limiting device comprising a transparent substrate and a layer comprising a homogeneous mixture of an RSA material and polyvinylbutyral, the layer being attached to the substrate.
The invention also includes an optical limiting device comprising a transparent substrate comprising a first substrate surface and a second substrate surface; a first layer comprising a homogeneous mixture of an RSA material and polyvinylbutyral, the.first layer being attached to the first substrate surface; and a second layer comprising a second homogeneous mixture of a second an RSA material and polyvinylbutyral, the second layer being attached to the second substrate surface.
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American Action Network/American Action Forum
Posted on
February 26, 2014 | Updated on May 16, 2014
Political leanings: GOP/center-right
Spending target: Unknown
The American Action Network — a self-described “action tank” that advocates for “center-right policies” — was founded in February 2010 before the midterm congressional elections. It was started by Norm Coleman, a former Republican senator from Minnesota, and Fred Malek, a longtime Republican fundraiser and strategist.
Malek is the founder and co-chairman of Thayer Lodging Group, a hotel investment firm. He also was the founder of Thayer Capital Partners, a private equity firm now managed by HCI Equity. Coleman serves as the group’s chairman, and Malek sits on the board of directors. Brian O. Walsh, who previously worked as a senior strategist for the National Republican Congressional Committee in 2009-2010, is the group’s president.
The American Action Network is a 501(c)(4) organization and, therefore, does not have to disclose its donors. The group raised $22.6 million in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2012, and $24.4 million from July 1, 2012 through June 30, 2013. Federal Election Commission records indicate that the American Action Network spent $11.1 million during the 2012 campaign on TV ads and other independent expenditures — placing it among the top 25 biggest outside spenders in that campaign cycle. But that was down from nearly $19 million in the 2010 cycle — the third highest amount spent in that cycle.
For the 2014 campaign cycle, American Action Network is again focusing on House races and, again, on Shea-Porter, the New Hampshire congresswoman.
In November 2013, the AAN spent $200,000 on a direct-mail campaign to seniors in three congressional districts. The organization stated that the mail campaign was intended to “educat[e] area seniors on how Obamacare is leading to higher costs, fewer jobs, and reduced access to care.” This was followed by two online ad campaigns in December2013 with similar anti-ACA messages. Shea-Porter was the only member of Congress targeted by all three ad campaigns.
The American Action Network’s policy arm and “sister organization,” the American Action Forum, is a 501(c)(3) organization and is also exempt from disclosing its donors. Douglas Holtz-Eakin, previously a senior policy adviser for John McCain’s 2008 presidential run, is the forum’s current president. Malek also serves as the group’s chairman. Other members of American Action Forum leadership include former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush and former Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao. Chao is now a distinguished fellow at the Heritage Foundation. She is also married to Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell.
Tax records indicate that the American Action Forum raised $4.9 million in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2012, and spent an equal amount during that time on “policy research and education.” The group’s website contains information on a number of topics, including the Affordable Care Act, minimum wage and immigration reform. FEC records show American Action Forum spent no money on independent expenditures in 2010 or 2012.
Related Posts
Ask FactCheck
Q: Will people living in the U.S. illegally receive “amnesty bonuses” because of President Obama’s executive actions on immigration? A: There is no automatic payment, but some working immigrants could claim up to four years of earned income tax credits if they meet eligibility requirements.
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Utah Landslides Are Popular -- But Hazardous -- Homesites
Landslides are as common in Utah as the mountains they come from -- part of the natural erosion that produces the canyons and foothills. Most people don't think much about them until they block a river, as the Thistle slide did in 1983, or destroy homes built on hillsides. The slide in Logan that buried a home and killed three people earlier this month has once again raised the question of building in areas that have this potential for disaster.
For years, the Utah Geological Survey has been studying landslides in communites across the state and publishing maps showing where many of those hazards are located. KUER's Dan Bammes spoke with Francis Ashland, a senior geologist with the agency.
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This invention relates to a cooling system for an engine and more particularly to an improved cooling system of the type wherein the cylinders of the engine are parallel with the associated heat exchanger for the engine.
In many types of motor vehicles, the engine is placed transversely in the engine compartment and closely adjacent the axles which it drives. Normally this means that the cylinders are parallel with the associated heat exchanger which may be positioned either ahead of or to the rear of the engine within the engine compartment. Conventionally engines are provided with a cooling system wherein water is introduced to the engine at one end of the engine and discharged from the opposite end of the engine. This tends to give rise to uneven temperatures in the engine from one end to the other. That is, the cylinders disposed closer to the water inlet will operate at a lower temperature than those disposed remotely from the water inlet and adjacent the water outlet. Also, in conjunction with transverse placement of the engine, there are certain difficulties in connection with transferring the coolant between the engine and the heat exchanger.
It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide an improved cooling system for an engine wherein the temperature of the cylinders will be more uniform.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved cooling system arrangement for an engine which is disposed so that it extends parallel to the associated heat exchanger.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved cooling system for an engine wherein the engine has its water delivery and water exit ports between the ends of the engine.
In many forms of engine cooling systems, the coolant is delivered to the engine first to the cylinder block and then to the cylinder head. Of course, the cylinder head is the more highly heated area. This type of arrangement may not provide adequate cooling for the cylinder head. Also, it is the normal practice to mount: the water pump relatively low in the cylinder block and this further makes it difficult to introduce coolant first to the cylinder head rather than to the cylinder block.
It is, therefore, a still further object of this invention to provide an improved cooling system for an engine wherein the water pump can be positioned more closely to the cylinder head so as to facilitate delivery of the cooling water to the cylinder head before the cylinder block.
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Q:
Garbage collection on the JVM for anonymous variable
I have a theoretical question I can't find an answer to -
Assuming I have a singelton instance A with inner private member a and a public
setter, now let's assume I set this member from another instance of
class type B in a private method as a consequence to some event
i.e. if something happen I will call A.setA(a) from B's private method.
My question is -
Once the use in instance of class B is over and the instance of class A still "lives" in the system,
will the instance of class B get garbage collected?
That is if B use anonymous member to init A's a.
Thanks in advance.
Edit -
Code example -
public class A {
Object a;
public void setA(Object a) {
this.a = a;
}
}
public class B {
private void foo() {
if(...condition) {
A.getInstance().setA(new Object());
}
}
}
To further explain - the instance of class A is a singleton in the system, there is no other class referencing to the instance of class B and it's done it's part after setting A's private member
A:
Any object becomes eligible to be collected as garbage as soon as it is no longer considered alive.
An object is alive when there is a reference to it from another life object. In other words: as long as that B object is referenced from somewhere, it can't be collected. See here for example.
It absolutely does not matter here what code within the B class is doing. The only thing that matters is: is the B object still referenced from somewhere. In that sense you should rather study how GC works in general, see here for example.
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Valerie Wilson
Valerie Wilson may refer to:
Valerie Elise Plame Wilson, usually known as Valerie Plame, CIA operative at the center of a criminal investigation and political scandal
Valerie Wilson Wesley, African-American author; former executive editor of Essence magazine
Valerie Wilson, from North Babylon, New York, who twice in the 2000s won a $1 million prize in the New York Lottery
See also:
Valarie Wilson, involved in politics and education
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Today Microsoft unveiled the Xbox One at its Redmond, Washington campus. As the battle for the living room rages on, Microsoft has won a decisive victory that puts it well ahead of the competition.
The Xbox One is just as much for all-around entertainment as it is for gaming, perhaps even more so. It’s designed to be the one box that sits below your TV and does everything: games, movies, live TV, music, surfing the web, messaging, and even video calling. Minority Report-style gestures control the experience, it can recognize your face when you walk in the room, and you can talk to it like Siri on steroids.
Should Apple be worried? The answer is no, at least not yet.
The Xbox One demonstrates how to play to an audience. And that audience isn’t the same as Apple’s.
“Microsoft has included everything but the kitchen sink.”
While the Xbox One certainly looks like a fantastic entertainment hub, it would totally overwhelm my mother. Microsoft has included everything but the kitchen sink. To go from a traditional remote + controller combo to pinch and pull gestures with voice commands is quite the leap, even for a tech nerd.
If you use Netflix, get pumped for the new Call of Duty, and are hooked into Xbox Live, then the One console is a no-brainer. It’s a product that will instantly appease hip, young techies and gamers. The entertainment system aspect is definitely there, but the Xbox is still based on the foundation of console gaming. That won’t change, and that ultimately limits Microsoft’s reach.
“Content is king for Apple.”
On the other hand, the Apple TV is for everyone. You can mirror iOS games to the big screen, but the crux of the product is not built around gaming at all. Playing games is just one part of the Apple TV experience. The Apple TV is ultimately designed for watching and listening to stuff. Content is king for Apple. It always will be.
Xbox One owners will have little need for an Apple TV, unless the ability to use AirPlay is of great value. But most people won’t be buying a more expensive Xbox One instead of a $99 Apple TV.
If the Apple TV doesn’t get new features or replaced entirely over the next couple years, there are going to be problems. Competitors like Microsoft are piecing together what it takes to create a modern living room experience. Apple hasn’t solved it yet, and today Microsoft got closer.
One of the Xbox One’s coolest features is the ability to instantly recognize a person’s face and track command gestures with the Kinect sensor bar. That combined with voice support for navigating creates a pretty compelling, futuristic experience. We reported that Apple was prototyping the same kind of features in a HDTV last year. Little is known about Apple’s current plans for TV, other than the fact that the company has desperately been trying to secure licensing deals for streaming live programming. A standalone ‘iTV’ panel could be involved, or the current Apple TV could be turned into the internet-connected, app-ready, TV guide/DVR you’ve always wished you had.
The Apple TV hasn’t received a major, fundamental change since it was released in 2006. Sure, the box has been made slimmer and sleeker. The interface has changed, and a few app-like channels have been added, but the hockey puck is still pretty much the same. Apple has called it a “hobby” for years, although recent comments from Tim Cook suggest that something more is brewing.
This living room stuff takes time. It’s been nearly eight years since the Xbox 360. I wonder how long it will take Apple.
Just wait, Apple will re-invent the TV industry because Steve Jobs has finally cracked it.
vanstatten
Hahaha yeahh he cracked it, another sht from apple fan..
Steven Quan
How is Microsoft closer to making the modern living room experience?
Online gaming – Ok, I’ll give you this one. Fancy voice interface, Kinect, Xbox Live, Apple has no equivalent for the online gaming experience, but not everyone is a gamer, it’s a niche market.
TV – The Xbox can stream movies, tv shows and music, and so does the Apple TV, but the Apple TV is able to do a better job in this category as you can use iPhone or iPad to interface with it and this cannot be done with Windows Phone. It’s close, but Apple gets a slight nod here in my book but you could go with Microsoft just as easily because of it’s advanced interface.
Lights – The Hue isn’t an Apple product, but it’s part of every living room and as such, is part of the modern living room experience. The Hue LED light is designed to be controlled by iDevices and allows you to change the color of the light bulbs to a certain color when it’s raining outside, to turn on before you reach the door, to turn on at a certain time, etc. etc. Microsoft has no answer here.
Thermostat – The Nest isn’t an Apple product per se either, but it’s designed to be used exclusively with iDevices. Like the Hue, you can program your thermostat to come on at certain time of day or let it figure out by itself with it’s motion detector. Microsoft has no answer here.
Apple Airport Express Base Station – the only quality equivalent here is the Logitech Wireless Speaker adapter which allows you to stream music via bluetooth from your Windows Phone, unfortunately you can only stream music through one speaker adapter at a time. Apple’s Express Base Station allows you to stream music to multiple Base Stations in multiple rooms or multiple speakers in the same room simultaneously. You could also use it to print wirelessly as well. Advantage: Apple.
If you are talking about entertainment using purely a tv, then yes, you could make an argument that Microsoft has an edge there. However, if you are talking about the entire living room experience, including lights, thermostat, and listening to music, then I’d say Apple definitely has the leg up and you’ll find more practical use with your iDevice than your Windows phone or Xbox as an iPhone can be used to control all the devices in your living room where the Xbox, is just well, a box.
The living room has a lot to fear from Apple at this point. If the iTV or AppleTV does not get updated before Q1 of 2014, expect the AppleTV to be squashed by the other competitors in the market.
The AppleTV is cheap and lackluster at this point. There is no innovation happening and the developers cannot jump in.
The big reveal for me was that the XBoxOne is using the same kernel as Windows and Windows Phone. This will allow for easier development and will no doubt allow the device to do a lot, especially considering the Kinect and voice commands that can be developed for it.
MS’s R&D department did a nice job creating the interface and the cool gizmos and the software. They really should have tried to make it smaller though. That will hurt it.
Icedming1987
Wohoo and another hit towards making games that tend to take at least two years and many developers. Here comes the in-app purchase and lets make a game in 4 hrs concept. WTF Microsoft, keep console gaming and your stupid all in one media entertainment separate.
davidgarrickh
I think when you write about “cool new feature” it must be taken with a grain of salt. This is a company who’s CEO balked at the idea of the iPhone only to create a similar in design device. A company who’s founder very recently stated that “iPad users are sad that they don’t have a keyboard or MS Office.” And a company who has 3 EPIC Failures in a row, Win 8, Windows Phone, & The Surface. Since we haven’t actually witnessed ANY of these features, nor did Microsoft have a model for the press to play with; we have to figure that all of these features are just talk. The console world is quickly dying, especially since the introduction of the iPad. If the Xbox One costs more than $300.00, I can’t see it gaining much traction even with current Xbox users due to the lack of backwards compatibility. Even by Microsoft’s claim of “supporting the 360 for years to come” I can’t imagine too many Moms & Dads wanting 2 bulky devices in the living room.
RDProsperity
Unfortunately, I think you missed the boat on both these devices. The XBox One and the Apple TV aren’t competing with each other – the XBox One is competing with the PS4, and the Apple TV is competing with the Roku Player. And in both cases, they will lose.
The XBox One has shown that it completely doesn’t understand its brand’s target audience – gamers. No backwards compatibility and paying a fee for pre-owned games is a slap in the face to that target audience. And all these TV watching features? The XBox brand’s target audience is the one that’s most likely to cut the cord, and therefore, for whom TV watching features are worthless. You say that if I watch Netflix, am plugged into XBox Live, and like Call of Duty, the XBox One is a no-brainer? Not so – I can still play Call of Duty on my 360 and get my Live features there, and as for Netflix, I’ve got my Roku Player or my Wii for that. Hardly a no-brainer. At least the PS4 kept the gaming audience in mind and gave gamers features that, even if they didn’t explicitly ask for them, they can nod and say, “Okay, sure, I can try that.”
Now, as for the Apple TV, that loses to the Roku Player in a big way, and that is they didn’t open the door to third party developers and third party content providers, which they have no excuse for – they opened the door for third party developers on the iOS, and they could have easily done it on the Apple TV. But they didn’t, while Roku did. So for half the price, I can get (and have gotten) a Roku Player and can watch not only Hulu Plus, but the Mormon Channel, TED Talks, VEVO, Funimation, and a bunch of other channels you probably haven’t heard of. The Apple TV? Not so much. Now, this is an oversight that Apple can easily correct, but can they correct it enough to win over Roku Player owners? I don’t know. I doubt it.
About the author
Alex Heath is a senior writer at Cult of Mac and co-host of the CultCast. He has been quoted by the likes of the BBC, KRON 4 News, and books like "ICONIC: A Photographic Tribute to Apple Innovation." If you want to pitch a story, share a tip, or just get in touch, additional contact information is available on his personal site. Twitter always works too.
(sorry, you need Javascript to see this e-mail address) | Read more posts by Alex Heath.
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Na/Ca exchange and cardiac ventricular arrhythmias.
Ventricular arrhythmias are a major cause of death in cardiovascular disease. Ca2+ removal from the cell by the electrogenic Na/Ca exchanger is essential for the Ca2+ flux balance during excitation-contraction coupling but also contributes to the electrical events. "Classic" views on the exchanger in arrhythmias include its well-recognized role as depolarizing current underlying delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) during spontaneous Ca2+ release and the alterations in expression in certain forms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. "Novel" views relate to more subtle roles for the exchanger in arrhythmias. Na/Ca exchange function in disease could be modulated indirectly, through phosphorylation or anchoring proteins. Ongoing studies relate Na/Ca exchange to variability in action potential duration (APD) and early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in a dog model of cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmias. Further research on drugs that target Na/Ca exchange will have to carefully examine the effects on Ca2+ balance.
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---
author:
- 'K. Nandra[^1]'
- 'P.M. O’Neill'
- 'I.M. George'
- 'J.N. Reeves'
- 'T.J. Turner'
title: 'An XMM-Newton survey of broad iron lines in AGN'
---
Introduction
============
Observations with showed complex, broad emission from iron to be very common in Seyfert galaxies (Nandra et al. 1997). These lines can be interpreted as emission from a relativistic accretion disk, in which case they represent a powerful probe of the strong gravity regime around black holes (Fabian et al. 1989; Stella 1990). The most celebrated case is MCG-6-30-15, where the broad, skewed line seen with is of high signal-to-noise ratio, and the disk line interpretation is apparently robust (Tanaka et al. 1995; Fabian et al. 1995). Several other high quality profiles from [*ASCA*]{} also showed broad, relativistic lines (e.g. George et al. 1998; Nandra et al. 1999; Done et al. 2000).
Since the launch of , it has been possible to obtain even higher quality data on these broad emission lines. Early results confirmed relativistic emission in some cases, including MCG-6-30-15 (e.g. Wilms et a. 2001; Fabian et al. 2002; Vaughan & Fabian 2004), but in others no broad line was detected (e.g. Gondoin et al. 2001; Pounds et al. 2003; Bianchi et al. 2004). In yet others, complexity has been observed around iron-$K$, but the interpretation as relativistic disk emission has been challenged. One specific suggestion is that absorption by a high column, high ionization warm absorber can mimic the “red wing” characteristic of an accretion disk line (Reeves et al. 2004).
The absence of a comprehensive and systematic survey of the X-ray spectra of Seyferts observed by prevents firm conclusions being drawn as to the prevalence of broad iron lines in AGN and the robustness of their interpretation. Here we present preliminary results from such a study, the full results of which will be presented in a forthcoming paper (Nandra et al. 2006, in preparation).
The sample and data analysis
============================
Our sample is culled from pointed AGN observations in the archive. We examine only local AGN($z<0.05$) and exclude Seyfert 2 galaxies and radio loud objects. Furthermore we choose only the objects with the highest number of counts in the 2-10 keV band, to maximise the signal-to-noise ratio around the iron line. The sample reported here consists of 41 observations of 30 objects.
An important feature of our work is that we have performed a well-defined, uniform analysis, with conservative selection cirteria and using the latest available calibrations. The techniques are fully decribed in O’Neill et al. (2006, in preparation), but compared to much of the previous work the improvements include: a) consistent definition of source and background regions for each observation b) well defined and conservative background rejection c) precise definition of good-time intervals d) standardised spectral grouping related to the instrumental resolution. We restrict our analysis to the pn instrument. For observations with significant pileup we use only the pattern 0 events. Spectral fits are undertaken in the 2.5-10 keV range only, to minimize complications due to absorption and soft excess emission, and avoid the instrumental calibration feature around 2.2 keV.
------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------- --------------
Fraction Energy Width EW
(keV) (keV) (eV)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
[*ASCA*]{} 77% $6.34\pm 0.04$ $0.43 \pm 0.12$ $160 \pm 30$
[*XMM*]{} 73% $6.32\pm 0.05$ $0.36\pm 0.04$ $108\pm 12$
------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------- --------------
: Comparison between mean parameters for broad lines determined by (Nandra et al. 1997) and (this work). Note that that fits did not account for a distant narrow component of the Fe K$\alpha$, nor did they include a warm absorber. The fraction of objects in which the F-test indicates a 99% improvement is given, along with the mean Energy, Gaussian $\sigma$ and equivalent width. \[tab:mpars\]
Results
=======
Base model
----------
While we have excluded the most heavily obscured objects (Seyfert 2s) from our sample, there remains a possibility that absorption can have a significant effect even on the spectra above 2.5 keV. We account for this by fitting an XSTAR (Kallman et al. 2004) photoionization model to the spectra,excluding the iron band (4.5-7.5 keV). Where the the fit improves significantly at 95% confidence, according to the F-test, this XSTAR component is included in all subsequent fits, with free $N_{\rm H}$ and ionization parameter. It is now also known that many AGN exhibit narrow cores to their iron K$\alpha$ lines (e.g. Yaqoob & Padhmanhaban 2004). These are thought to arise from very distant material such as the torus (e.g. Krolik & Kallman 1987; Awaki et al. 1991). If so they will be accompanied by continuum Compton reflection. We therefore include in all fits below a neutral Compton reflection component appropriate for a slab geometry (Magdziarz & Zdziarski 1995), with accompanying Fe K$\alpha$, Fe K$\beta$ and Ni K$\alpha$, line emission (George & Fabian 1991) and a Compton shoulder (Matt 2002). The emission lines and reflection are all incorporated in a single model with solar abundances. We assume an inclination of $60^{\circ}$ for the slab and hence the reflection is characterized by a single parameter, $R = \Omega/2\pi$, where $\Omega$ is the solid angle subtended by the slab at the illuminating source.
![Characteristic emission radius for the relativistic iron K$\alpha$ lines versus disk inclination. []{data-label="fig:rbreak"}](rbreak_inc.ps){width="80mm"}
Simple parameterization of the broad emission
---------------------------------------------
To provide a simple, model-independent characterization of further complexity in the iron band, we have added a broad Gaussian to the fits described above. A significant improvement to the fit was found in 30 of the 41 observations, and 22 of the 30 objects. Clearly, complexity at iron K$\alpha$ is extremely common in Seyferts. A comparison between the mean parameters of the broad Gaussian fits to the data (Nandra et al. 1997) and our new sample, is given in Table \[tab:mpars\]. There is remarkable agreement in all cases, with the exception that the line equivalent widths in the sample are about $50$ % higher. This difference can be attributed to the fact that the narrow line cores were deconvolved in the fits, but not with .
The energies of the broad lines seen with clearly indicate that they are associated with iron, as they are very close to the expected energy, but there is some evidence that the typical energy is redshifted compared to the neutral value. The lines are usually quite broad, with $<\sigma>=0.36$ keV or 40,000 km s$^{-1}$ FWHM. Significant dispersion is seen in all the measured quantities, however, which confirms the result from that there is a wide variety of line profiles, and takes this further in that the variation from object-to-object cannot be attributed solely to varying relative contributions of the narrow core and broader emission. It should also be noted that in 5 of the fits, the width of the “broad" gaussian component is $<10,000$ km s$^{-1}$. These lines could plausibly arise from the optical broad line region (BLR), rather than the inner disk.
Disk line models
----------------
We have tested explicitly whether the complex line shapes seen in the spectra can be accounted for with a relativistic accretion disk. We do this by adding an additional, neutral reflection component with Fe and Ni line emission as above, but this time apply relativistic blurring (Laor 1991; Fabian et al. 2002). Rather than leave all the parameters free, we initially chose to fix the inner and outer radii at $R_{\rm i}=6 R_{\rm g}$ and $R_{\rm o}=400 R_{\rm g}$. We adopt an emissivity law appropriate for a point source above a slab in a Newtonian geometry, which can be approximated as a broken power law. The adopted emissivity depends on $R^{-q}$, with $q=0$ within and $q=3$ outside some break radius $R_{\rm br}$. This represents the characteristic radius where the majority of the line emission originates, so can be used to assess whether relativistic effects are important. The inclination and reflection fraction are left as free parameters too. The relativistically blurred model improves the fits significantly in $\sim 75$% of the observations and indeed gives markedly better fits than a Gaussian in several cases.
The characteristic emission radius ($R_{\rm br}$) is plotted against the inclination in Fig. \[fig:rbreak\]. The bottom left part of this diagram is where we expect “classic” disk lines to occur. Here the emission is concentrated in the innermost regions ($<50$ R$_{\rm g}$) and the inclination is relatively low, such that much of the emission is redshifted. The upper left portion is where we expect weak and very broad lines from highly inclined disks. It is sparsely populated, which is expected as such lines are difficult to detect. The upper right portion shows several strong disk lines with apparently high inclinations but at relatively large radii. This indicates that the lines are broad but predominantly towards the blue rather than the red. These are likely candidates for a highly ionized disk, which is in reality at lower inclination than inferred in fits which assume the disk is neutral. Finally, at the bottom right of the diagram we see emission at low inclination and large radius. In these objects the lines will be relatively narrow and not strongly shifted. For these, there is no requirement for the line to arise in the inner accretion disk and they may come from more distant material, such as the optical BLR.
Using this model, we can also assess the evidence for black hole spin. A simple test is to repeat the fits using an inner radius of $1.235 R_{\rm g}$, appropriate for a Kerr Black hole with $a/M=0.998$, as opposed to the Schwarzschild value of $6 R_{\rm g}$. Only two of the spectra showed an appreciable improvement with such a model. In both, NGC 3783 and NGC 4151, there is complex absorption which strongly affects the spectrum above 2.5 keV (Reeves et al. 2004; Schurch et al. 2004). We therefore consider the evidence for maximal Kerr black holes to be tentative, leaving it an open question as to whether black holes in AGN are generally rotating.
Comparison with alternative models
----------------------------------
Some recent studies have suggested alternatives to the relativistic disk model for broad iron lines in AGN. A number of objects show no evidence for broad emission at all, including some in our sample. In others, it may be possible to model the “red wing” as a high ionization warm absorber (Reeves et al. 2004), and the “blue wing” with blends of narrow lines. To test this, we have fitted a model comprising a high ionization warm absorber (in [*addition*]{} lower ionization gas already included), with three narrow emission lines, two fixed at the energies appropriate to helium and hydrogen–like iron and another intermediate (6.4-6.7 keV) line with free energy. Once again neutral, unblurred reflection is also included to account for any narrow emission at 6.4 keV.
![Difference in $\chi^{2}$ between the relativistic disk line model and an alternative model comprising a high ionization warm absorber, and a blend of narrow lines. All fits include both line and continuum from a distant neutral reflector and a soft X-ray warm absorber where needed. The disk line model has 3 fewer free parameters than the alternative, but provides a dramatically better fit in a large number of cases (see Fig. \[fig:dream\])[]{data-label="fig:dchi"}](xmm_delchi_hist.ps){width="80mm"}
A comparison of the $\chi^{2}$ values is given in Fig. \[fig:dchi\]. The alternative model has 3 more free parameters than the disk line model, but provides a substantially worse fit in a large number of objects. In a few cases the alternative model fits a little better, but not substantially so considering the larger number of free parameters.
From the consideration of this alternative model, and the results from Fig \[fig:rbreak\], we can define a sample of robust relativistic lines for which disk models both indicate a small characteristic radius, and fit much better than the alternative. There are 11 spectra of 9 objects satisfying the criteria that $R_{br}<20$ $R_{\rm g}$ and $\Delta\chi^{2}>10$ for the relativistic model compared to the alternative model (despite having 3 [*fewer*]{} free parameters). The line profiles are shown in Fig. \[fig:dream\].
Discussion and conclusions
==========================
Our systematic survey should serve to clear up some of the controversy about how often broad emission lines from an accretion disk can be claimed robustly in AGN. For Seyferts, at least, complexity at iron K$\alpha$ is seen in about 3/4 of objects and this complexity is always interpretable in terms of an accretion disk model. In about 1/3 of our sample, that interpretation is clearly preferred over competing models. In a few cases with high signal-to-noise ratio the relativistic emission appears to be absent, but great caution needs to be exercised before this can be concluded definitively, as even with very good statistics are required (Guainazzi et al., this volume). In cases where broad emission appears to be absent, the disk may simply be highly inclined, such that the line is very broad and weak. Alternatively, the inner disk may be hot and/or highly ionized (Nayakshin 2000), which can also account for cases where broad emission is present, but indicative of a relative large characteristic radius ($\sim 100$ $R{\rm g}$). Alternatively, the lack of broad emission seen in a given observation may be due to line profile variability (Longinotti et al. 2004).
Perhaps surprisingly, we have not yet found any strong evidence for black hole spin. This contrasts with some previous studies indicating maximally rotating holes in MCG-6-30-15 (Wilms et al. 2001) and some black hole binaries (e.g. Miller et al. 2002). This is probably due to our conservative approach in consideration of distant reflection and complex absorption. On the other hand, our observations provide no evidence [*against*]{} rapidly rotating black holes in AGN and while it has been pointed out in several previous studies that complex absorption can mimic very broad lines (e.g. Done & Gierlinski 2006), it is important to bear in mind that the converse is also true.
Our main conclusion, however, is that the accretion disk interpretation for broad iron K$\alpha$ lines in AGN appears to be robust. The implication is that the potential for X-ray observations, particularly with [*XEUS*]{} and [*Con–X*]{}, to reveal new information about the innermost regions of accreting black holes may well be realised.
We thank Tim Kallman for help with XSTAR; PPARC and the Leverhulme Trust for financial support and gratefully acknowledge those who built and operate the satellite.
Awaki, H., Koyama, K., Inoue, H., Halpern, J.P., 1991, PASJ, 43, 195 Bianchi S., Matt G., Balestra I., Guainazzi M., Perola G. C., 2004, A&A, 422, 65 Done C., Madejski G.M., Zycki P.T., 2000, ApJ, 536, 213 Done C., Gierlinski M., 2006, MNRAS, 367, 659 Fabian A. C., Rees M. J., Stella L., White N. E., 1989, MNRAS, 238, 729 Fabian A.C., Nandra K., Reynolds C.S., et al., 1995, MNRAS, 277, L11 Fabian A. C., Vaughan S., Nandra K., 2002, MNRAS, 335, L1 George I. M., Fabian A. C., 1991, MNRAS, 249, 352 George I.M., Turner T.J., Mushotzky R.F., Nandra K., Netzer H., 1998, ApJ, 503, 174 Gondoin, P., Barr, P., Lumb, D., Oosterboek, T., Orr, A., Parmar, A.N., 2001, A&A, 378, 806 Kallman T.R., Palmeri P., Bautista M.A., Mendoza C., Krolik J.H., 2004, ApJS, 155, 675 Krolik J.H., Kallman T.R., 1987, ApJ, 320, L5 Laor A., 1991, ApJ, 376, 90 Longinotti A.L., Nandra K., Petrucci P.O., O’Neill P.M., 2004, MNRAS, 355, 929 Magdziarz P., Zdziarski A.., 1995, MNRAS, 273, 837 Matt G., 2002, MNRAS, 337, 147 Miller J.M., Fabian A.C., Reynolds C.S., et al., 2002, ApJ, 570, L69 Nayakshin S., 2000, ApJ, 534, 718 Nandra K., George I. M., Mushotzky R. F., Turner T. J., Yaqoob T., 1997, ApJ, 477, 602 Nandra K., George I. M., Mushotzky R. F., Turner T. J., Yaqoob T., 1999, ApJ, 523, L17 Pounds K.A., Reeves J.N., Page K.L., Wynn G.A., O’Brien P.T., 2003, MNRAS, 345, 705 Reeves J. N., Nandra K., George I. M., Pounds K. A., Turner T. J., Yaqoob T., 2004, ApJ, 602, 648 Schurch N.J., Warwick R.S., Griffiths R.E., Kahn S.M., 2004, MNRAS, 350, 1 Stella L., 1990, Nature, 344, 747 Tanaka Y., Nandra K., Fabian A.C., et al., 1995, Nature, 375, 659 Vaughan S., Fabian A. C., 2004, MNRAS, 348, 1415 Wilms J., Reynolds C.S., Begelman M.C., Reeves J., Molendi S., Staubert R., Kendziorra E., 2001, MNRAS, 328, L27 Yaqoob T., Padmanabhan U., 2004, ApJ, 604, 63 (YP04)
[^1]: Corresponding author:
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Suzanne Packer
Suzanne Packer (born Suzanne Jackson on 20 September 1962) is a Welsh actress who is best known for playing the role of Tess Bateman in the long-running television series Casualty from September 2003 until August 2015. She returned to the show as a guest for the 30th anniversary episodes. She now teaches in many Welsh schools.
Early life
Packer is the daughter of Jamaican immigrant parents to Abergavenny, and her mother worked as a nurse. She is the elder sister of the Olympic hurdler Colin Jackson. Whilst studying at Llanedeyrn High School in Cardiff, she already showed an interest in acting, playing the lead in school plays including Oklahoma and The King and I.
Career
Packer attended the National Youth Theatre of Wales before earning a BA in theatre and drama at the University of Warwick. She then trained at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London.
Embarking on an acting career, in the early 1990s she was most well known for her role as Mick Johnson's wife Josie in the Channel 4 soap Brookside. She then undertook a degree in teaching at Goldsmiths College, and after graduating in 1996 taught drama in London.
Whilst acting, she met and married American actor Jesse Newman. The couple moved to New York City, where she taught drama and acted, and in 2003 gave birth to their son Paris. After the birth their relationship began to break down, and they agreed to move back to the UK, but Newman later decided to stay in the US. The couple divorced the following year.
Arriving back in Cardiff with her three-month-old son, she gained an audition for BBC drama Casualty. Three weeks later she started work as Sister Tess Bateman, first appearing on screen from September 2003. In November 2006 Martina Laird who played the role of Comfort left Casualty, which then meant that Suzanne was the second longest serving cast member.
On August 22, 2015, she quit Casualty after playing the character of Tess for nearly 12 years to become a member of the cast of Stella and Doctors.
Packer appeared with her brother Colin on the first series of Pointless Celebrities on 6 July 2011. They were eliminated in the first round.
On 19 March 2017, Packer appeared in the ITV crime drama Vera as ranger Sophia in the episode "Natural Selection".
On 23 February 2018, Packer appeared in the series finale of Death in Paradise.
On 18 March 2018, Packer played a minor role in an episode of Hold the Sunset.
On 4 November 2018, Packer played Eve Cicero in the Doctor Who episode, "The Tsuranga Conundrum".
In 2019 Packer played Dame Stella Regan in the 5Star prison drama Clink. And she also played Delyth Lloyd in Series 1 and 2 of the Welsh drama Keeping Faith.
Personal life
Packer is divorced from American actor Jesse Newman and in 2006 lived in Cardiff with their son Paris.
Filmography
TV
References
External links
Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actresses from Cardiff
Category:Alumni of the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art
Category:Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Category:Alumni of the University of Warwick
Category:Black Welsh people
Category:People of Jamaican Maroon descent
Category:People from Abergavenny
Category:Welsh people of Taíno descent
Category:Welsh people of American descent
Category:Welsh people of Jamaican descent
Category:Welsh soap opera actresses
Category:Welsh television actresses
Category:Welsh schoolteachers
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{
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}
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Sakshal Sreeman Chathunni
Sakshal Sreeman Chathunni is a 1993 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Anil Babu and starring Innocent, Jagadish and Baiju in the lead roles.
Cast
Innocent as Chathunni
Jagadish as Unnikrishnan
Baiju as Dasan
Jagathy Sreekumar as Pathalam Bhairavan
Maathu as Maya Rajagopal
K. P. A. C. Lalitha as Pankajam
Sukumari as Bhavani
Shammi Thilakan as Vikraman
K. P. A. C. Sunny as Rajagopal
P. C. George as Keshava Panicker
Krishnankutty Nair as Sankunni Nair
Zainuddin as Gopalan
Kundara Johny as Bhargavan
M. S. Thripunithura as Parameswaran Nair
Kalpana as Reshmi Nair
Harisree Ashokan as Bhaskaran
Paravoor Bharathan as House Owner
T. P. Madhavan as Blade Kaimal
Kunchan as Ravuji
N. Govindankutty as Manthravadi
Silk Smitha as Silk Smitha (Special Appearance in Song)
Narayanankutty as Thief
Bobby Kottarakkara
References
External links
Category:1993 films
Category:Indian films
Category:1990s Malayalam-language films
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Q:
test phonegap BarcodeScanner plgin in xcode simulator
I am using the BarcodeScanner PhoneGap plugin to build an ios app, to allow me to scan barcodes. The build gives no errors and the simulator starts fine. In the Xcode simulator however, when I click on the scan link, I get the following error:
unable to obtain video capture device
Does this mean that I cannot test the app in Xcode, and the only way is to deploy to an actual device?
Thanks in advance
A
A:
The iOS Simulator User Guide lists the limitations of the simulator.
It states that camera (and so the barcode scanner) can only be tested on a real device.
However you could capture some scanning results on a real device and use them to test your
code in the simulator.
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Tawanda Kanhema
Tawanda Kanhema (born ) is a Zimbabwean photographer and product manager. He helped map 500 miles of Zimbabwe for Google Street View as a volunteer.
Early life and education
Tawanda Kanhema is from the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. He studied documentary film-making and journalism at University of California, Berkeley.
Career
As of 2019, Kanhema was a product manager in Silicon Valley. In 2009, he noticed that Zimbabwe was not represented on Google Street View. He subsequently volunteered to carry the Street View gear across of Zimbabwe so that it would be more complete and representative. He captured images in Zimbabwe via helicopter, speedboat, bicycling, car, and hiking. Ultimately, about of his travels across the country were uploaded to the Street View platform. Kanhema acted as a volunteer for Google for this project, spending US$5,000 of his own money to travel and take the pictures for Street View. In March 2019, he was paid by the Mushkegowuk Council of northern Ontario to document the ice roads connecting their villages for Street View. Kanhema views his efforts as part of a wider effort to make Zimbabwe more attractive and accessible to tourists.
Personal life
In 2009, Kanhema moved from Zimbabwe to the US. He lived in Berkeley, California as of 2019.
References
Category:1980s births
Category:People from Harare
Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni
Category:Zimbabwean emigrants to the United States
Category:Living people
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If getting your finances in order is high on your list this new year, Susan Hay gets some tips from personal finance expert Rubina Ahmed-Haq
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Eminent writers, academicians and filmmakers will attend in the ninth Apeejay Kolkata Literary Festival to be held here from January 11.
Among those to attend the four-day literary festival are Basharat Peer, Nayantara Sahgal, Mark Tully, Namita Gokhale, Manu Joseph, Lord Meghnad Desai, Shobhaa De and Ashis Nandy, the organisers said in a statement.
Besides, the festival would also have invitees from the film world such as Mira Nair, Vishal Bhardwaj, Naseeruddin Shah and Ratna Pathak Shah.
The literary festival will also host debutant author Soha Ali Khan for the launch of her book The Perils of Being Moderately Famous.
The festival, which will feature literary discussions and workshops, will be held at St Paul's Cathedral ground.
(This story has not been edited by Business Standard staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
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A former co-worker of the Somali refugee CBC News has identified as the man arrested in a weekend attack in Edmonton says Abdulahi Hasan Sharif was an ISIS sympathizer years before Saturday's violent events, and that he had reported him to police.
Terrorism charges are pending against the suspect, who is in custody. Police haven't released Sharif's name, but multiple sources have identified him to CBC.
Sharif's former co-worker, who didn't want to be identified out of concern for his safety, said: "He would rant.
"It was very incoherent. He would just bounce from idea to idea, tangent to tangent, just about what he believed in and he definitely had genocidal beliefs, you could say.
"He had major issues with polytheists. He said they need to die. That sort of thing. I only had a handful of conversations with him about it; those only occurred when there were just two of us in the work room."
Around 8:15 p.m. local time Saturday near Commonwealth Stadium, an Edmonton officer was struck by a Chevrolet Malibu while working crowd control for a CFL game.
Const. Mike Chernyk, standing behind a barricade when he was hit, was sent flying into the air. A man got out of the Malibu and attacked Chernyk with a knife before fleeing on foot.
More than three hours later, a white U-Haul van was pulled over at a checkstop on the city's north side. A police officer recognized the driver's name as similar to the name of the registered owner of the car that had struck the officer earlier.
The U-Haul then sped off toward downtown Edmonton, where streets were filled with Saturday night bar crowds and football fans. Pursued by police, the van struck and injured four pedestrians.
The van tipped over on its side and a suspect was arrested at the scene.
The officer, who sufffered stab wounds to his head and face, has been released from hospital.
One person who was listed in critical condition has been upgraded to stable. Two others have been released from hospital. The fourth victim suffered a fractured skull but has regained consciousness, police said.
The suspect remains in custody, and terror charges are pending, police said. (CBC News)
Edmonton police Chief Rod Knecht confirmed a black ISIS flag was seized from a car where the police officer was attacked.
RCMP said Sunday a 30-year-old Somali refugee was interviewed by the Integrated National Security Enforcement Team (INSET) in 2015.
But there was "insufficient evidence" to make an arrest and the suspect was deemed "not a threat."
Suspect 'strange,' says former co-worker
The former co-worker said he immediately recognized Sharif's name when it began to circulate in the news media.
He worked with a "very strange" Sharif at a construction site in the summer of 2015, he said.
The co-worker said Sharif would play broadcasts in Arabic while they worked at the construction site.
When Sharif started talking to him about his hatred of Shia Muslims and support for well-known leaders of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, the co-worker decided he needed to do something, he said.
He said he reported Sharif to Edmonton police, who passed him onto the RCMP. He was later interviewed by RCMP at K Division headquarters near downtown Edmonton, he said.
"They definitely didn't laugh it off … they took it very seriously and very professionally," he said.
Sharif kept a low profile in the city's Somali community.
CBC News conducted numerous interviews with members of Edmonton's Somali and broader Muslim communities, but no one appeared to know Sharif.
The 30-year-old's name triggered no recognition, but Saturday's violence was unanimously condemned.
"This individual has no place in our community," Ahmed (Knowmadic) Ali wrote in a statement Sunday on behalf of the Edmonton Somali community.
"We are your neighbours, co-workers and police officers and we stand strongly beside you in condemning this violence and mourning its effect on the community."
Tactical officers check suspect's apartment
While religious and cultural organizations on Sunday condemned the actions of a man they didn't know, a dozen heavily armed tactical-unit officers used battering rams to enter the rear of an apartment building at 113th Avenue and 117th Street. It's believed Sharif lived in one of the building's suites.
A resident told CBC News that police showed him a picture of a man and that he recognized him as someone he had seen around the building. He didn't know if it was a picture of Sharif.
The officers left about 45 minutes later. Police did not evacuate the building while conducting the search.
Police are expected to provide another update on the case on Monday.
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//
// MJRefreshGifHeader.m
// MJRefreshExample
//
// Created by MJ Lee on 15/4/24.
// Copyright (c) 2015年 小码哥. All rights reserved.
//
#import "MJRefreshGifHeader.h"
@interface MJRefreshGifHeader()
{
__unsafe_unretained UIImageView *_gifView;
}
/** 所有状态对应的动画图片 */
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableDictionary *stateImages;
/** 所有状态对应的动画时间 */
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableDictionary *stateDurations;
@end
@implementation MJRefreshGifHeader
#pragma mark - 懒加载
- (UIImageView *)gifView
{
if (!_gifView) {
UIImageView *gifView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
[self addSubview:_gifView = gifView];
}
return _gifView;
}
- (NSMutableDictionary *)stateImages
{
if (!_stateImages) {
self.stateImages = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}
return _stateImages;
}
- (NSMutableDictionary *)stateDurations
{
if (!_stateDurations) {
self.stateDurations = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}
return _stateDurations;
}
#pragma mark - 公共方法
- (void)setImages:(NSArray *)images duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration forState:(MJRefreshState)state
{
if (images == nil) return;
self.stateImages[@(state)] = images;
self.stateDurations[@(state)] = @(duration);
/* 根据图片设置控件的高度 */
UIImage *image = [images firstObject];
if (image.size.height > self.mj_h) {
self.mj_h = image.size.height;
}
}
- (void)setImages:(NSArray *)images forState:(MJRefreshState)state
{
[self setImages:images duration:images.count * 0.1 forState:state];
}
#pragma mark - 实现父类的方法
- (void)setPullingPercent:(CGFloat)pullingPercent
{
[super setPullingPercent:pullingPercent];
NSArray *images = self.stateImages[@(MJRefreshStateIdle)];
if (self.state != MJRefreshStateIdle || images.count == 0) return;
// 停止动画
[self.gifView stopAnimating];
// 设置当前需要显示的图片
NSUInteger index = images.count * pullingPercent;
if (index >= images.count) index = images.count - 1;
self.gifView.image = images[index];
}
- (void)placeSubviews
{
[super placeSubviews];
if (self.gifView.constraints.count) return;
self.gifView.frame = self.bounds;
if (self.stateLabel.hidden && self.lastUpdatedTimeLabel.hidden) {
self.gifView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeCenter;
} else {
self.gifView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeRight;
self.gifView.mj_w = self.mj_w * 0.5 - 90;
}
}
- (void)setState:(MJRefreshState)state
{
MJRefreshCheckState
// 根据状态做事情
if (state == MJRefreshStatePulling || state == MJRefreshStateRefreshing) {
NSArray *images = self.stateImages[@(state)];
if (images.count == 0) return;
[self.gifView stopAnimating];
if (images.count == 1) { // 单张图片
self.gifView.image = [images lastObject];
} else { // 多张图片
self.gifView.animationImages = images;
self.gifView.animationDuration = [self.stateDurations[@(state)] doubleValue];
[self.gifView startAnimating];
}
} else if (state == MJRefreshStateIdle) {
[self.gifView stopAnimating];
}
}
@end
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
<%--
Copyright (c) 2010, 2018 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the
Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License,
version 2 with the GNU Classpath Exception, which is available at
https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0 WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
--%>
<%@page contentType="text/html"%>
<%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>JSP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef MEDIA_AUDIO_MAC_AUDIO_DEVICE_LISTENER_MAC_H_
#define MEDIA_AUDIO_MAC_AUDIO_DEVICE_LISTENER_MAC_H_
#include <CoreAudio/AudioHardware.h>
#include "base/callback.h"
#include "base/macros.h"
#include "base/threading/thread_checker.h"
#include "media/base/media_export.h"
namespace media {
// AudioDeviceListenerMac facilitates execution of device listener callbacks
// issued via CoreAudio.
class MEDIA_EXPORT AudioDeviceListenerMac {
public:
// |listener_cb| will be called when a device change occurs; it's a permanent
// callback and must outlive AudioDeviceListenerMac. Note that |listener_cb|
// might not be executed on the same thread as construction.
explicit AudioDeviceListenerMac(const base::Closure& listener_cb);
~AudioDeviceListenerMac();
private:
friend class AudioDeviceListenerMacTest;
static const AudioObjectPropertyAddress kDeviceChangePropertyAddress;
static OSStatus OnDefaultDeviceChanged(
AudioObjectID object, UInt32 num_addresses,
const AudioObjectPropertyAddress addresses[], void* context);
base::Closure listener_cb_;
// AudioDeviceListenerMac must be constructed and destructed on the same
// thread.
base::ThreadChecker thread_checker_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AudioDeviceListenerMac);
};
} // namespace media
#endif // MEDIA_AUDIO_MAC_AUDIO_DEVICE_LISTENER_MAC_H_
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
@inherits LayoutComponentBase
@implements IDisposable
<DemoScriptLoader @ref="@scrollHelperFuncLoader"
Code="function scrollToElementTop(element) {
if (element.scroll)
element.scroll(0, 0);
else {
element.scrollTop = 0;
element.scrollLeft = 0;
}
}">
</DemoScriptLoader>
<nav class="logo-container p-0 navbar navbar-dark">
<LayoutToggleButton @bind-StateCssClass="@LayoutStateCssClass" />
<NavLink class="logo-image text-body" href="" Match="NavLinkMatch.All"/>
<div class="demo-btn-container d-flex">
<a class="download-btn navbar-toggler d-inline-block bg-primary text-white border-0" href="https://nuget.devexpress.com/" target="_blank" title="Obtain your NuGet feed URL">
<span class="demo-download-icon"></span>
</a>
<div class="@($"bg-light text-dark d-inline-block theme-settings {ThemeSwitcherShown}")">
<a class="nav-item nav-link" @onclick="@ToggleThemeSwitcherPanel" @onclick:preventDefault href="#">
<span class="demo-theme-icon"></span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="demo-content @LayoutStateCssClass">
<div class="sidebar">
<DxScrollView>
<NavMenu />
</DxScrollView>
</div>
<div @ref="@mainRef" class="main">
<div class="content px-4">
<CascadingValue Value="@ThemeName" Name="ThemeName">
@Body
</CascadingValue>
</div>
<DemoFooter />
</div>
<ThemeSwitcher @bind-Shown="@ThemeSwitcherShown" @bind-ThemeName="@ThemeName"/>
</div>
<DemoFooter />
@code {
DemoScriptLoader scrollHelperFuncLoader;
ElementReference mainRef;
[Inject] NavigationManager NavigationManager { get; set; }
[Inject] IJSRuntime JsRuntime { get; set; }
string ThemeName { get; set; }
protected override void OnInitialized()
{
NavigationManager.LocationChanged += OnLocationChanged;
}
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
if (firstRender)
await ScrollToMainTopIfNeeded(NavigationManager.Uri);
}
async void OnLocationChanged(object sender, LocationChangedEventArgs args)
{
ThemeSwitcherShown = false;
await ScrollToMainTopIfNeeded(args.Location);
await InvokeAsync(StateHasChanged);
}
string _layoutStateCssClass;
string LayoutStateCssClass
{
get => _layoutStateCssClass;
set
{
if (_layoutStateCssClass != value)
{
_layoutStateCssClass = value;
ThemeSwitcherShown = false;
}
}
}
bool ThemeSwitcherShown { get; set; }
void ToggleThemeSwitcherPanel()
{
ThemeSwitcherShown = !ThemeSwitcherShown;
}
async Task ScrollToMainTopIfNeeded(string uri)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(NavigationManager.ToAbsoluteUri(uri).Fragment.Replace("#", "")))
await scrollHelperFuncLoader.InvokeVoidAsync("scrollToElementTop", mainRef);
}
public void Dispose() {
NavigationManager.LocationChanged -= OnLocationChanged;
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
Trigger is not working in SQL Server 2012 on runtime?
In SQL Server 2012,
I create two tables TABLE1 and TABLE2
After that, I created a trigger for TABLE1
Trigger name: PUSH_TABLE2
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[PUSH_TABLE2]
ON [dbo].[TABLE1]
AFTER INSERT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @col1 VARCHAR(20), @col2 VARCHAR(20), @col3 VARCHAR(20)
SELECT @col1=column1, @col2=column2, @col3=column3 FROM INSERTED
SET NOCOUNT ON;
INSERT INTO [dbo].[TABLE2] VALUES (@col1, @col2, @col3);
END
After creating the trigger PUSH_TABLE2, I test with below insert query manually on TABLE1, triggers works perfectly and its populate the data to both TABLE1 and TABLE2.
INSERT INTO TABLE1 VALUES('session1', 'value1', 'type1');
(1) rows affected.
(1) rows affected.
The problem is if the data is populated through application, it will only populate the data to TABLE1 only, seems trigger is not working. Is it because of my trigger script problem?
A:
The problem is that your trigger only handles single-row inserts. That was as true in SQL Server 2008 as it is in SQL Server 2012.
Given two tables:
CREATE TABLE dbo.Table1
(
col1 varchar(20) NULL,
col2 varchar(20) NULL,
col3 varchar(20) NULL
);
CREATE TABLE dbo.Table2
(
col1 varchar(20) NULL,
col2 varchar(20) NULL,
col3 varchar(20) NULL
);
A trigger that handles multi-row inserts is:
CREATE TRIGGER dbo.PushTable2
ON dbo.Table1
AFTER INSERT
AS
BEGIN
SET ROWCOUNT 0;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Inserted)
BEGIN
INSERT dbo.Table2
(
col1,
col2,
col3
)
SELECT
INS.col1,
INS.col2,
INS.col3
FROM Inserted AS INS
END;
END;
Test it with:
INSERT dbo.Table1
(col1, col2, col3)
VALUES
('session1', 'value1', 'type1');
INSERT dbo.Table1
(col1, col2, col3)
VALUES
('session2', 'value2', 'type2'),
('session3', 'value3', 'type3');
SELECT * FROM dbo.Table1 AS T1;
SELECT * FROM dbo.Table2 AS T2;
Results:
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
The WHO Collaborating Center for Design, Methodology and Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical Investigations in Diabetes was designated in 1986. The purposes of the Center are to collaborate with the World Health Organization in the implementation of the WHO/IDF action program to provide advice, consultation and collaboration with other investigators in the design, methodology and analysis of epidemiology and clinical investigations relating to the etiology and pathogenesis of non- insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) and its complications. The center will assist in the development and application of standardized methods for epidemiological and clinical investigations, and data analysis relating to diabetes and collaborate with those interested in applying such techniques elsewhere. The Center will advise and help in the design of new studies, including onsite assistance when necessary. The center serves as a central laboratory for the WHO Multicenter Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes, as well as being a participating study center for this study which is examining the mortality and incidence of vascular complications of diabetes among different ethnic groups in different countries. In addition the center has initiated a collaborative study of impaired glucose tolerance in China, is collaborating in the preparation of a survey manual for diabetes mellitus on behalf of WHO Center personnel are participating in teaching a WHO sponsored course on Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Aspects of Diabetes.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
}
|
Capabilities Misplaced Missing or Inadequate. Many government managers mistakenly believe that this is an acronym for Capabilities Maturity Model Integeration. However, examination of actual performance in the wild points towards the, generally accepted, 'missing and inadequate' definition.
(1) The project failed. This is odd. Even though the project manager provided many detailed WBS's he was CMMI.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Tag Archives: ELECTIONS
Joining the show this week is Congresswoman Robin Kelly. Kelly represents the 2nd district of Illinois. Bill and Robin discuss the mass shooting in New Zealand, State and Local Issues, and the possibility of an airport being built in Peotone. The Mayor’s race is coming up, and is Chicago ready for reform?
In this week’s round table segment, Bill is joined by Ray Long and Lynn Sweet of the Chicago Tribune, Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. The round table opens up the discussion a preview of the upcoming Mayoral election in April. Does Lori Lightfoot have the advantage? Or Toni Preckwinkle?
This week’s community spotlight segment is with John Dempsey.
John discusses how legislation in Springfield has passed mandating that Illinois nursing homes have adequate staffing to take care of their patients, and improve their overall quality of life.
Joining the show this week is Toni Preckwinkle. Bill and Toni discuss the upcoming runoff Mayoral election, and who has better experience for the job. Toni discusses with Bill ways she would try to solve certain issues with the City, such as fixing the pension problem, TIF Reform, and if there would be changes to the City Council after the election.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill is joined by Ray Long and Lynn Sweet of the Chicago Tribune, Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. The Round Table opens up with this week’s news of Lori Lightfoot getting the endorsement of Willie Wilson, and what that means for the runoff election. Also, discussed is the NBC mayoral debate. How did Lightfoot and Preckwinkle do? Lynn provides an update from Washington D.C, Governor Pritzker has unveiled his graduated income tax, and the round table gives their analysis.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale. Nick explains a new report by the Illinois Technology Association that looks at 300 tech companies in Chicago to illustrate where gender gaps exist. ITA CEO Julia Kanouse says Chicago companies are doing well, but can do better in terms of putting women in VP/SVP levels and C-Suite positions. Just 26% of women hold one of the 1100 vice president or senior vice president positions at the 300 companies evaluated. Of the current 922 C-suite positions, women held 13.6 % of them.
ITA also sponsored a”Shadow Day” Friday, International Women’s Day, giving a group of female Chicago public school students exposure to what it’s really like to work in the tech-sector. Kanouse says that 100 students were hosted by 20 companies.
Joining the show this week is Lori Lightfoot. Lightfoot will face Toni Preckwinkle in the Chicago Mayoral runoff election on April 2nd. Bill and Lori discuss key issues that are facing the city, and the work needed to make a change. Lightfoot discusses Police reform and the consent decree. Will the business community endorse Lightfoot for Mayor? Bill and Lori discuss the possibility of reforming city council if elected mayor, and discuss recent comments made against her by Toni Preckwinkle.
In this week’s round table segment, John is joined by Ray Long and John Byrne of the Chicago Tribune, Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, Greg Hinz of Crain’s, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. The Round Table opens up with expert analysis and a complete rundown on this week’s mayoral election, and a preview of the April runoff between Toni Preckwinkle and Lori Lightfoot.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Jennifer Keiper.
Jennifer Discusses a new technical report published by the American Society of Safety Professionals offering advice on how employers can create a safe work environment. Brian Hammer with the ASSP, who is also a retired police lieutenant, explains how an employer can develop a safety plan: Assessing the risk, determining vulnerabilities, looking at “target hardening” adding more cameras and locks, etc. Hammer also talks about soft controls, which involves the implementation of policies and procedures. He also discusses the benefits of inviting local law enforcement officers into the workplace so that they know the layout, in the event of a shooting.
Joining the show this week is Bill Daley. The Mayoral election will take place this Tuesday, Cameron and Daley discuss issues affecting the City of Chicago. Bill Daley describes his way to reduce crime, freeze property taxes, and ways to keep people from moving out of city. Jussie Smollett is also discussed. Should Smollett apologize to the city of Chicago for his actions?
In this week’s round table segment, Bill is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, Greg Hinz of Crain’s, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. The Round Table opens up with expert analysis and a preview of what to expect in the upcoming mayoral election. Has the media circus surrounding the Jussie Smollett story over shadowed the upcoming election? Governor Pritzker delivers his budget address. What can we expect to see in the future?
This week’s community spotlight segment is with John Dempsey. Cook County Treasurer Maria Pappas new study says there are more workers drawing government pensions in Cook County than there are workers in the County paying into those pensions.
Joining the show this week are the three candidates for city treasurer. They are Accountant Peter Gariepy, Alderman Ameya Pawar, and State Rep. Melissa Conyears-Ervin. The three discuss why they’re running for City Treasurer, and provide a brief biographical background. How would the treasurer shape city investments? Should Amazon move to Chicago, after their HQ2 deal with New York City fell through?
In this week’s round table segment, John is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, Greg Hinz of Crain’s, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. A new Telemundo/NBC 5 poll has come out. What’s to make of the poll results? And how are the Mayoral candidates shaping up? President Trump declares a national emergency over securing the funds to build the southern border wall. Ray and Greg decode Governor Pritzker’s upcoming budget proposal.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale.
Mayor Rahm Emanuel has taken legal action against online retailers who sell e-cigarettes and vaping liquids that he says are selling products to minors.
This suit follows actions taken in November, in which a lawsuit was filed against eight online retailers and 15 brick-and-mortar retailers were cited. Corporation Counsel Ed Siskel says the latest lawsuit is against 27 online retailers and four retail stores in Chicago.
Joining the show this week is Paul Vallas. Paul is running for Mayor of Chicago. Bill and Paul discuss financial reform, ways to balance the budget, and pension reform. Will city corruption affect voter turnout?
In this week’s round table segment, John is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, Greg Hinz of Crain’s, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. Should there be a statute of limitations on a 44 year old story involving Bill Daley? In the Mayoral campaign, Are voters more interested in city corruption, or traditional issues? Could it affect voter turnout?
This week’s community spotlight segment is with John Dempsey.
Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Chicago Public Library today joined city and state officials on the south and west sides to announce continued investments to transform the Henry E. Legler Branch Library into a regional library, and to renovate and modernize South Shore Branch Library. More than $14 million will be invested as part of the Library’s “Branching Out: Building Libraries, Building Communities” campaign.
In partnership with Secretary of State and State Librarian Jesse White, the Henry E. Legler Branch Library will be transformed into a regional library for the west side. The transformation of Legler Library, located at 115 S. Pulaski, into a state-of-the-art regional library branch will be fully funded with a $4 million investment from the Illinois State Library to support technology infrastructure and a $7.5 million investment from the City of Chicago to support building upgrades and the expansion of hours and services for the west side community.
Joining the show this week is Attorney Patrick Cotter of the Chicago law firm Greensfelder. John and Patrick discuss city and government corruption. Could Alderman Solis be charged for wearing a wire? Patrick and John also discuss Alderman Ed Burke, Mike Madigan, and the Mueller investigation.
In this week’s round table segment, John is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, Greg Hinz of Crain’s, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. The Round Table discuss Alderman Daniel Solis, Mike Madigan, and Chicago machine politics.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale.
Nick talks with Weather Channel meteorologist Ray Stagich who explains what a Polar Vortex is and where we were compared to other states that also saw their temperatures drop. As for the chance of this happening again this winter, Ray is doubtful another Polar Vortex will strike anytime soon.
Joining the show this week is LaShawn Ford. Ford is a candidate for Mayor of Chicago. Ford is also a member of the Illinois House of Representatives. John and LaShawn discuss the latest news how Alderman Solis reportedly wore a wire while having conversations with Alderman Ed Burke, What’s the latest with Tax Increment Financing, Downtown and Neighborhood development issues, and solving the pension problem.
In this week’s round table segment, John is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, Greg Hinz of Crain’s, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. The Round Table opens up with coverage of a deal to temporarily end the partial government shut down, Roger Stone gets indicted, and the big local issue this week with breaking news of Alderman Solis reportedly wearing a wire while having conversations with Alderman Ed Burke. How will this news affect the upcoming Mayoral election.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale.
The U.S. Climate Alliance commits the state to the principles of the Paris Climate Agreement.
Executive Order 2019-06 also directs the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency to monitor the Trump Administration’s environmental proposals and “identify opportunities to protect Illinoisans from environmental harm.” The executive order took effect immediately.
Joining the show this week is Lori Lightfoot. Lightfoot is a candidate for Mayor for Chicago. Bill and Lori discuss key issues such as Police accountability, reform, and the Consent decree. Lori gives her viewpoints on Alderman Ed Burke, Elon Musk’s plan to build a hyperloop train to O’Hare airport, and ways to fix city budget issues.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, Greg Hinz of Crain’s, and Heather Cherone editor of The Daily Line. Governor Pritzker signs a new law requiring state licensing for gun dealers, Lynn has an update from Washington D.C on the partial Government shutdown, and what are the ramifications for the next Mayor of Chicago after three police officers were acquitted in the code of silence trial.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with John Dempsey. John discusses the unveiling of the five architectural firms as finalists for the city’s $8.5 billion project to expand terminals at O’Hare airport.
Joining the show this week is Jim Durkin. Durkin is the Illinois House Republican Leader. Bill and Jim discuss what to expect with the new Illinois Governor administration starting 1/14. Topics include a proposed graduated income tax hike, recreational marijuana, and the possibility of a Chicago casino.
In this week’s round table segment Bill is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune,Greg Hinz of Crains, Heather Cherone of The Daily Line, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times. The round table begins with an update on the Mayoral race. Toni Preckwinkle gets criticism for a new campaign ad, J.B Pritzker takes the oath of office and becomes the new Governor of Illinois on Monday 1/14, and how has the partial Government shut down affected us here locally in Chicago.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale.
The American Society of Civil Engineers has given Illinois a “C-” on their Infrastructure Report Card. Kristina Swallow, the society’s past-president, says there are problems with bridges and roads and there is a need for funding for future aviation growth.
Recent polling from POLITICO and Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health said that increasing infrastructure spending is one of the top priorities for Americans for the new Congress. 79% of people polled said it is “extremely important.” Infrastructure spending ranks high for both parties, with 88 percent of Democrats and 81 percent of Republicans surveyed calling it “extremely important.”
President Trump and Speaker Pelosi have both signaled they want to work on infrastructure together – a rare opportunity for bipartisanship. With a new Congress coming in January, infrastructure investment must come first.
Joining the show this week is Mark Rolfing. Mark is an on-course golf reporter for NBC. John and Mark discuss the plan that may combine the Jackson Park and South Shore golf course into a Championship level course on the south side next to the Obama Presidential library. Tiger Woods will be help with the design of the new course.
In this week’s round table segment, John Dempsey is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune,Greg Hinz of Crains, and Lynn Sweet of the Chicago Sun-Times. The group discuss the latest developments on Alderman Ed Burke. How might this affect the Mayoral race?
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Jennifer Keiper. Jennifer discusses how there are misleading celebrity endorsements and trial offers that lead to, what the Better Business Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission says are subscription traps. Steve Bernas, CEO of the BBB in Chicago says there are a growing number of complaints and he describes them. Jason Adler of the FTC explains how consumers can be mislead to sign up for, what they think, is just a free trial offer but can lead to a costly subscription service. Debbie Wagner is a Chicago area resident who explains how she was led to believe that she was only signing up for a free trial but later learned that she was being charged over $100.00 monthly, when she checked her credit statement.
Joining the show this week is Susana Mendoza. Mendoza is the Illinois Comptroller, and currently running for Mayor of Chicago. Bill and Susana discuss why she wants to become Mayor, Issues affecting the city such as ways to fix the pension crisis, public schools, the consent decree, and how she can make a positive change if elected.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill Cameron is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Heather Cherone of The Daily Line,Greg Hinz of Crains, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times. The discussion opens up with an update on Alderman Ed Burke, and what’s to come from the recent F.B.I Raid on his office’s, Could David Krupa get on the ballot to become Alderman in the 13th ward? What’s to come if the Government shuts down? Lynn has an update from Washington D.C.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with John Dempsey. John discusses The Hatchery, the City of Chicago’s new 34 million dollar food business incubator on the West Side in the East Garfield Park neighborhood.
Joining the show this week is Governor-Elect J.B. Pritzker. Bill and J.B. discuss the “state” of Illinois as he prepares to take office next year, ways to a balanced budget, Bringing jobs to Illinois, Improving education, Tax reform, and meeting with President Trump at the White House.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill Cameron is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Heather Cherone of The Daily Line,Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times. The conversation opens up with the topic of how Governor Rauner admitted that he considered to not want to run for re-election, The Round Table recaps Bill’s interview with J.B. Pritzker, Lynn has an update from Washington D.C, and Fran has new details on Alderman Ed Burke’s offices being raided again by the F.B.I.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale, and highlights the city’s efforts in securing the James Beard Awards through 2027.
The James Beard Foundation Awards successfully made the move to Chicago in 2015, with the support of the city, Choose Chicago, and the Illinois Restaurant Association, among many other city and state supporters. Currently slated to complete its run in 2021, today’s announcement ensures that the James Beard Foundation Awards will call Chicago home each year through 2027.
Joining the show this week is Dorothy Brown. Brown is the Clerk of the Circuit Court for Cook County, and is a candidate for Mayor of Chicago. Dorothy Brown describes herself, Why she wants to be the Mayor, Issues affecting the city, and the Clerk’s office.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill Cameron is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Heather Cherone of The Daily Line,Greg Hinz of Crains, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times. The Chicago Teachers Union endorses Toni Preckwinkle for Mayor of Chicago, Lynn recaps the funeral services for Former President George H.W Bush, and Bill Daley proposes to freeze property taxes if elected as mayor.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with John Dempsey. John discusses the Chicago City Colleges “Men of Color in Education Initiative”, which encourages more young black and Hispanic men to pursue the teaching profession.
This week Bill sits down with Toni Preckwinkle. Preckwinkle is the Cook County Board President, and running for Mayor of Chicago. Bill and Toni discuss why she is running for mayor, issues affecting the city, and the consent decree.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill Cameron is joined by Heather Cherone of The Daily Line,Greg Hinz of Crains, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times. The conversation kicks off with coverage of Alderman Ed Burke’s offices being subjected to an FBI raid, and what’s going to be the outcome of this? The mayor’s race is heating up, and Illinois celebrates it’s 200th birthday.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale. With the holiday shopping season here, millions of consumers have and will be purchasing the latest and greatest TVs or furniture. But with the shopping frenzy for holiday presents, there are essential items consumers may have forgotten to add to their list. One very important item to include is an anchoring kit for a television or furniture.
The Consumer Product Safety commission has launched a campaign to get the word out.
Spokeswoman Patty Davis says 70 percent of child tip-over fatalities involve kids between the age of 1 and 3 and a half. She says it just takes five minutes to secure furniture in a room and straps are readily available at hardware stores.
This week Bill pays tribute to Harold Washington who served as Mayor of Chicago from 1983 to 1987.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill Cameron is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Heather Cherone of The Daily Line,Greg Hinz of Crains, and Lynn Sweet of the Chicago Sun-Times. The group opens up with a discussion on Harold Washington. Who is the front runner in the race for Mayor? Then the discussion turns to the tragic shooting at Mercy hospital.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Jennifer Keiper. Jennifer talks with Holly Baker, American Red Cross Communications Director. Baker offers tips as well as the latest information on the volunteer staff sent from Chicago to California to help victims of the wildfires. Baker also lets listeners know where they can get more information on the work that the American Red Cross does, here, in the Chicago area and across northern Illinois. Listeners can find out more information about blood drives, volunteering and making donations at redcross.org.
Joining the show this week is Amisha Patel. Amisha is Executive Director of Grassroots Collaborative. Bill and Amisha discuss what the Grassroots Collaborative does, and how it strives to make a positive impact. Topics also include the upcoming election for Mayor of Chicago, gentrification in the city, ways to solve the pension crisis, and the idea of an elected school board.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill Cameron is joined by Ray Long of the Chicago Tribune, Heather Cherone of The Daily Line,Greg Hinz of Crains, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times. The group kicks off the discussion on CNN Reporter Jim Acosta getting his White House press pass back, and Susana Mendoza has jumped into the Mayor’s race.
This week’s community spotlight segment is with Nick Gale. It focuses on Chicago’s latest effort to combat teen smoking. The city has filed lawsuits against eight online sellers of e-cigarette products. The suit claims the sellers are illegally selling their products to Chicago youth.
Mayor Rahm Emanuel says the companies are,” following the playbook used by Big Tobacco.”
Bill Cameron chats with Bill Daley. Daley is a Former top official in the Clinton and Obama administrations, a Lawyer, and currently running for Mayor of Chicago. Daley discusses why he is running for Mayor, addresses the budget issue, and the idea of an elected school board.
In this week’s round table segment, Bill Cameron is joined by Greg Hinz of Crain’s, Ray Long of The Chicago Tribune, Lynn Sweet and Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times, and Heather Cherone, editor of The Daily Line. The conversation starts off with an update on a breaking news story of an arrest being made on the suspicious packages that have been sent this week, and how it may affect the mid term elections. The “F” word emerges in a new campaign ad in the race for Governor, and it’s onto the race for Attorney General as well as the campaign for State Senate with everyone discussing Peter Roskam and Sean Casten.
This week’s Community Spotlight is with John Dempsey. John discusses the recent hiring of 107 new officers to the Chicago Police Department.
Big John and Ramblin’ Ray are joined by mid-day host Chris Plante in talking about the caravan making it’s way to the U.S, where Chris Plante explains how he thinks it will affect the polls. Why Plante thinks the Democrats will use this as a reason to make President Trump look terrible, and how the Republicans can use this to prove that we need stricter border laws.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a body implantable pressure sensor, particularly attached to an endocardial lead for implantation in a right heart chamber, for responding to blood and atmospheric pressure and blood temperature and providing modulated pressure and temperature related signals to an implanted or external hemodynamic monitor and/or cardiac pacemaker or pacemaker/cardioverter/defibrillator.
2. Description of the Background Art
Efforts have been underway for many years to develop implantable pressure transducers and sensors for temporary or chronic use in a body organ or vessel. Many different designs and operating systems have been proposed and placed into temporary or chronic use with patients. Indwelling pressure sensors for temporary use of a few days or weeks are available, and many designs of chronically or permanently implantable pressure sensors have been placed in clinical use.
Piezoelectric crystal or piezoresistive pressure transducers mounted at or near the distal tips of pacing leads, for pacing applications, or catheters for monitoring applications, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,407,296, 4,432,372, 4,485,813, 4,858,615, 4,967,755, and 5,324,326, and PCT Publication No. WO 94/13200, for example. The desirable characteristics and applications for patient use of such lead or catheter bearing, indwelling pressure sensors are described in these and other patents and the literature in the field. Generally, the piezoelectric or piezoresistive transducers have to be sealed hermetically from blood. Certain of these patents, e.g. the '296 patent, disclose sealing the piezoresistive bridge elements within an oil filled chamber.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,023,562 describes a piezoresistive bridge of four, orthogonally disposed, semiconductor strain gauges formed interiorly on a single crystal silicon diaphragm area of a silicon base. A protective silicon cover is bonded to the base around the periphery of the diaphragm area to form a sealed, evacuated chamber. Deflection of the diaphragm due to ambient pressure changes is detected by the changes in resistance of the strain gauges.
Because the change in resistance is so small, a high current is required to detect the voltage change due to the resistance change. The high current requirements render the piezoresistive bridge unsuitable for long term use with an implanted power source. High gain amplifiers that are subject to drift over time are also required to amplify the resistance-related voltage change.
Other semiconductor sensors employ CMOS IC technology in the fabrication of pressure responsive silicon diaphragm bearing capacitive plates that are spaced from stationary plates. The change in capacitance due to pressure waves acting on the diaphragm is measured, typically through a bridge circuit, as disclosed, for example, in the article "A Design of Capacitive Pressure Transducer" by Ko et al., in IEEE Proc. Symp. Biosensors, 1984, p.32. Again, fabrication for long term implantation and stability is complicated.
In addition, differential capacitive plate, fluid filled pressure transducers employing thin metal or ceramic diaphragms have also been proposed for large scale industrial process control applications as disclosed, for example, in the article "A ceramic differential-pressure transducer" by Graeger et al., Philips Tech. Rev., 43:4:8693, Feb. 1987. The large scale of such pressure transducers does not lend itself to miniaturization for chronic implantation.
Despite the considerable effort that has been expended in designing such pressure sensors, a need exists for a body implantable, durable, long-lived and low power pressure sensor for accurately sensing absolute pressure waves and related parameters in the body over many years.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
A Full Service Catering Company
Custodi CaterersNorth Jersey Preferred Caterer
At Custodi Caterers we provide you with the finest of fresh foods and quality customer service. We are a full-service caterer servicing Northern New Jersey and the Metro New York City area.
We provide catering services for weddings, baptisms, corporate functions, anniversaries, graduations and anytime when food is needed for a gathering! Our event planner is available to answer any questions you might have and help you in planning a special event you will fondly remember.
A Recent TestimonialFrom An Event Attendee
I finally found, right in my hometown, a caterer that is excellent, prepared, courteous and provides quality service.
All the people attending, both local and out of town, were amazed at the type of service and quality of foods you served.
My sincerest and heartfelt thanks to you and your staff for assisting me.
Rest assured I shall utilize your services and also refer you to all seeking the excellent quality you provide
Continued Success,
Louise R. Sivori
TESTIMONIALS
The food was delicious! I received nothing but positive comments about the food
Mike R., Nutley
Your support in the growth of our children and the well-being of our community is greatly appreciated
Washington School PTO, Nutley, NJ
The service you provided at our wedding was way beyond our expectations
Jennifer K.
We are a pretty big company and our employees are not very easy to please. When we started using you we experienced for the first time NO complaints. I have never been so pleased with a caterer. I have used Custodi consistently since January ’07 and I will never go back to any caterer
Alisha C, Securitas Security Services
Our dinner was for 150 people, about 50 or 60 were students, and all raved about the food and service
Lorraine L, Saint Peter’s Prep
With your help our night was a huge success!
Tom M. Nutley, NJ
The party went along without a hitch thanks to you and your good food and hard work
Diane K, Nutley
Thank you so much for the fabulous job you did for my son’s Baptism Party. Everything was perfect
Susan J, Little Falls
We just wanted to tell you how pleased we were with our food on Christmas Eve
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Bioaugmented sulfate reduction using enriched anaerobic microflora in the presence of zero valent iron.
Biological sulfate reduction was evaluated in batch and continuous reactors that were inoculated with enriched microflora cultivated from sulfate laden medium. Heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) principally reduced the sulphate when the chemical oxygen demand was sufficient. The heterotrophic SRB in the enriched microflora could not efficiently reduce sulphate at T<33 °C and/or pH<6.0. However, when 200 mg L(-1) of zero valent iron (ZVI) was added to the reactor, the sulphate reduction rate was increased by 15% while the inhibition of the SRB activity occurred at T<25 °C or pH<4.5, broader than those noted for non-ZVI systems. In batch tests, the autotrophic SRB reduced 95% of 1500 mg L(-1) sulphate in <50h at 15 °C when the substrate was amended with 8 gL(-1) ZVI. In continuous up-flow anaerobic multiple bed reactor tests conducted to evaluate the remediation of sulphate in acid mine runoff, ZVI enhanced the activity of SRB, resulting in a 61% reduction of 20.8 gL(-1) sulphate when the reactor was operated at 25 °C and pH 2.6 with a hydraulic remain time of 96 h.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Buick Riviera (film)
Buick Riviera is a 2008 drama film by director Goran Rušinović, based on the novel Buick Rivera by Miljenko Jergović. It was awarded the "Heart of Sarajevo" award as the Best Film at the 2008 Sarajevo Film Festival.
Plot
Hasan Hujdur is a 42-year-old Muslim from Bosnia living in North Dakota, who finds refuge and contentment behind the wheel of his 1965 Buick Riviera. Surrounding everything that Hasan loves is a prejudiced world afraid of a culture they cannot understand and a religion they cannot comprehend. Hasan is a quiet man who stands distant from his beliefs, however it is these beliefs that inevitably lead to his untimely death.
On the way to pick up his wife from work at the local hospital, he falls asleep at the wheel of his Buick and runs it off the road, getting stuck in the snow. He is discovered by Vuko Salipur, who stops to help him. They both immediately recognise that they are from the same country and both understand the irony of a Bosnian stopping to help another Bosnian in a country full of all different races and colours.
Despite their similar background it soon becomes clear that Muslim Hasan and non-Muslim Vuko are very different. Their continuing interaction results in ever increasing tension between them, ultimately with tragic consequences.
Accolades
Best Screenplay. Pula Film Festival 2008. Golden Arena.
Heart of Sarajevo. Sarajevo Film Festival 2008.
Best Actor. Slavko Stimac. Leon Lucev. Sarajevo Film Festival 2008.
References
External links
Buick Riviera | Review | Screen
A Path of No Return: Goran Rušinović's Buick Riviera (Film Review)
Category:2008 films
Category:Croatian films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Goran Rušinović
Category:2000s drama films
Category:Films based on Croatian novels
Category:Films shot in North Dakota
Category:Films set in North Dakota
Category:Heart of Sarajevo Award for Best Film winners
Category:Croatian drama films
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Friday, November 14, 2008
Uncork the Dom Perignon, Krug, and those 1980 Châteauneuf-du-Pape you've been saving for when the POPE drops by, lovely people!!! It's time to CELEBRATE - for Erique finally caved in and tried his FIRST EVER $6 steak in Sydney! Huzzah!
Yes, you heard it right. After years and years of being a pretentious a-hole ("$6 steaks are NOT food!!") ("$6 steaks aren't made from beef, they're just grilled dirty used flip-flops!!") ("If it's not wagyu porterhouse or aged fillet mignon, it's not beef!!"), I finally had my first taste of a true-blue (albeit not uniquely) Sydney dish, the $6 steak!! (on some places, it's $5 and on others it's $9, but usually no lower than $5 *shudderr*)
The venue of choice - Scruffy Murphy's. A Sydney institution, a beloved Irish bar. The very venue which has seen many, many drunken St Patrick's days. Don't be shocked - during my 6+ years in Sydney, I've never even once stepped into this famed establishment before this time. When I'm in a mood for some Guinness (or to accompany Mark my drunken Irish chum), I always go to Paddy Maguire's (another Irish bar in the City). The idea of going to Scruffy Murphy's always scared me. I mean I'm just a vulnerable Asian kid (oh, boo-hoo!) - what if I get taunted by those brash, intoxicated 7-feet tall Irish lads? What if they want to make conversations? What if some guys ask me stuff about er, football (or rugby? whatever you call it?)?? I can't even distinguish between the Sydney Swans and St. Kilda! I mean, I'm practically Niles Crane from "Frasier"!
But ho-ho-ho. What a surprise. The place was, at the time of visit, packed with mostly ASIANS. Koreans, to be exact. I mean, there were no drunken, brash, 7-feet lads! And it was a footy night! Just some occasional roars and screams not more than...I'd say...80 decibels or so.
I love Sydney.
Guinness
-> Pint o'Guinness. Ireland's greatest gift to the human race. A sip of this wondrous concoction will make life not worth living without it. If there's just one type of beer I am allowed to drink for the rest of my life, it'll be this one. As my lips touched the thick, creamy head, the unmistakable aroma of hops, malt, and barley enters my nose, and when you thought that it doesn't get any better than this - a refreshing, bubbly, delicious liquid streams from your throat and gets straight to the heart - truly a blissful, unforgettable experience.
Rating: 10/10
Rump Steak with Mushroom Sauce
-> Here we go...the verdict. Hm...what should I say, what should I say. Hmm. Oh, all right, I LIKE IT, okay!! There, I SAID IT!! It's NICE! Please don't make me come back there! (or make me. I mean, whatever). *scoffs*
Rating: 7/10
Rump steak with Diane sauce
-> Slightly better than the mushroom sauce. Grilled perfectly to my order (medium rare). Rich, tasty Diane sauce which is heavy on the garlic
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
How Do I Use C# Code In HTML To Get ID Out Of A SQL Database?
So I'm trying to create a website with a database and currently just wanting to check the database connnection by printing a number from the database in the HTML code. I'm terrible at scripts so please ignore that.
The C# code:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
public class LogFiller
{
public int userID;
string connectionstring = "USER ID=x;" +
"PASSWORD=x;server=x;" +
"Trusted_Connection=yes;" +
"database=x; " +
"connection timeout=30";
public LogFiller()
{
//
// TODO: Add constructor logic here
//
}
public int getUserID
{
get {
using (var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionstring))
{
try
{
connection.Open();
SqlCommand myCommand = new SqlCommand("SELECT ID FROM x WHERE Name = 'x'", connection);
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(myCommand);
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
adapter.Fill(dt);
return (int)dt.Rows[0][0];
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
}
return userID;
}
}
}
The script I thought of (but doesn't work)
@{
LogFiller lf = new LogFiller();
lf.getUserID;
}
For clarification: I want to just write the number that the C# code returns anywhere on my page.
A:
Once you open a C# block with the @{ }, in order to write the value from a variable inside that block you need to escape it with another @ like this:
@{
LogFiller lf = new LogFiller();
<p>User ID: @lf.getUserID</p>
}
Also, as someone in a comment stated, you'll likely need to fully qualify your LogFiller type with the namespace. So WhateverYourNamespaceIs.LogFiller
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Q:
Deserialize JSON with Gson - Expected BEGIN_OBJECT but was String - Reddit's JSON
I'm trying to deserialize JSON from Reddit that you can obtain by appending .json to the url. An example would be:
http://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/1wvx52/.json?sort=top
However, I am getting the error message:
Exception in thread "main" com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Expected BEGIN_OBJECT but was STRING at line 1 column 9765
At line 1 column 9765 in the json there is the following code: "replies": "", whereas normally this would contain an object like this: replies: {
kind: "Listing",
data: {}
},
Does this mean that the json is a String when there is no data, but an object otherwise? How can I deserialize with gson properly if this is the case? I've included my classes below. I still need to figure out how to handle the json starting off with an array of basically two different objects (the first listing in the json is describing the link, while the second listing is describing the comments), but I'll cross that bridge when I get there. Thanks in advance if anyone can shed some light on this issue.
Main Class
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ArrayList<CommentsResults> commentsResults = new ArrayList<CommentsResults>();
String commentsURL = "http://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/1wvx52/.json?sort=top";
URL url = null;
try
{
url = new URL(commentsURL);
} catch (MalformedURLException ex)
{
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
}
try
{
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(url.openStream()));
String jsonText = readAll(bufferedReader);
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
commentsResults = gson.fromJson(jsonText, new TypeToken<ArrayList<CommentsResults>>(){}.getType());
} catch (IOException ex)
{
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
}
}
private static String readAll(Reader reader) throws IOException
{
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
int cp;
while ((cp = reader.read()) != -1)
{
stringBuilder.append((char) cp);
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
CommentsResults Class
public class CommentsResults {
private String kind;
private CommentsData data;
public CommentsResults()
{
}
public CommentsResults(String kind, CommentsData data)
{
this.kind = kind;
this.data = data;
}
public String getKind()
{
return kind;
}
public CommentsData getData()
{
return data;
}
public void setKind(String kind)
{
this.kind = kind;
}
public void setData(CommentsData data)
{
this.data = data;
}
}
CommentsData Class
private String modhash;
private List <CommentsChild> children;
public CommentsData()
{
}
public CommentsData(String modhash, List<CommentsChild> children)
{
this.modhash = modhash;
this.children = children;
}
public String getModhash()
{
return modhash;
}
public List<CommentsChild> getChildren()
{
return children;
}
public void setModhash(String modhash)
{
this.modhash = modhash;
}
public void setChildren(List<CommentsChild> children)
{
this.children = children;
}
CommentsChild Class
private String kind;
private Comment data;
public CommentsChild()
{
}
public CommentsChild(String kind, Comment comment)
{
this.kind = kind;
this.data = comment;
}
public String getKind()
{
return kind;
}
public Comment getComment()
{
return data;
}
public void setKind(String kind)
{
this.kind = kind;
}
public void setComment(Comment comment)
{
this.data = comment;
}
Comment Class
public class Comment {
private CommentsResults replies;
private String id;
private int gilded;
private String author;
private String parent_id;
private String body;
private int downs;
private String link_id;
private boolean score_hidden;
private int created_utc;
private String distinguished;
public Comment()
{
}
public Comment(CommentsResults replies, String id, int gilded, String author, String parent_id, String body, int downs, String link_id, boolean score_hidden, int created_utc, String distinguished)
{
this.replies = replies;
this.id = id;
this.gilded = gilded;
this.author = author;
this.parent_id = parent_id;
this.body = body;
this.downs = downs;
this.link_id = link_id;
this.score_hidden = score_hidden;
this.created_utc = created_utc;
this.distinguished = distinguished;
}
public CommentsResults getReplies()
{
return replies;
}
public String getId()
{
return id;
}
public int getGilded()
{
return gilded;
}
public String getAuthor()
{
return author;
}
public String getParent_id()
{
return parent_id;
}
public String getBody()
{
return body;
}
public int getDowns()
{
return downs;
}
public String getLink_id()
{
return link_id;
}
public boolean isScore_hidden()
{
return score_hidden;
}
public int getCreated_utc()
{
return created_utc;
}
public String getDistinguished()
{
return distinguished;
}
public void setReplies(CommentsResults replies)
{
this.replies = replies;
}
public void setId(String id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public void setGilded(int gilded)
{
this.gilded = gilded;
}
public void setAuthor(String author)
{
this.author = author;
}
public void setParent_id(String parent_id)
{
this.parent_id = parent_id;
}
public void setBody(String body)
{
this.body = body;
}
public void setDowns(int downs)
{
this.downs = downs;
}
public void setLink_id(String link_id)
{
this.link_id = link_id;
}
public void setScore_hidden(boolean score_hidden)
{
this.score_hidden = score_hidden;
}
public void setCreated_utc(int created_utc)
{
this.created_utc = created_utc;
}
public void setDistinguished(String distinguished)
{
this.distinguished = distinguished;
}
}
A:
So in the off chance this helps somebody (which seems dubious at this point) I decided to parse the Json manually using recursion. Here's how I did it:
public static void getCommentsOnLink()
{
String commentsURL= "http://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/1wvx52/.json?sort=top";
URL url = null;
try
{
url = new URL(commentsURL);
} catch (MalformedURLException ex)
{
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
}
String JsonText = readCommentJsonFromURL(url);
RedditCommentResults redditCommentResults = getCommentResults(JsonText);
}
private static String readCommentJsonFromURL(URL url)
{
String JSONText = null;
try
{
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(url.openStream()));
JSONText = readAll(bufferedReader);
} catch (IOException ex)
{
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
}
return JSONText;
}
private static String readAll(Reader reader) throws IOException
{
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
int cp;
while ((cp = reader.read()) != -1)
{
stringBuilder.append((char) cp);
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
private static RedditCommentResults getCommentResults(String JsonText)
{
JsonParser parser = new JsonParser();
JsonArray completeJson = (JsonArray) parser.parse(JsonText);
//get link and comment object from the array containing an object for each
JsonObject linkParentJson = (JsonObject) completeJson.get(0);
JsonObject commentParentJson = (JsonObject) completeJson.get(1);
//use automatic deserializer for redditLink
JsonObject linkListingDataJson = linkParentJson.getAsJsonObject("data");
JsonObject linkChildrenJson = linkListingDataJson.getAsJsonArray("children").get(0).getAsJsonObject();
JsonObject linkDataJson = linkChildrenJson.getAsJsonObject("data");
Link commentLink = gson.fromJson(linkDataJson, Link.class);
RedditLink redditCommentLink = new RedditLink(commentLink);
//parse comments manually
JsonObject commentDataJson = commentParentJson.getAsJsonObject("data");
JsonArray commentChildrenJson = commentDataJson.getAsJsonArray("children");
//get all of the comments from the JsonArray
ArrayList<RedditComment> redditComments = getNestedComments(commentChildrenJson);
RedditCommentResults redditCommentResults = new RedditCommentResults(redditComments, redditCommentLink);
return redditCommentResults;
}
private static ArrayList<RedditComment> getNestedComments(JsonArray commentWrapperJsonArray)
{
ArrayList<RedditComment> redditComments = new ArrayList();
for (JsonElement commentWrapperJson : commentWrapperJsonArray)
{
//cast Element to Object so we can search for the primitive "kind". Finally we get it as a String
String kind = commentWrapperJson.getAsJsonObject().getAsJsonPrimitive("kind").getAsString();
//if the comment is of type t1 meaning it is a comment and not a "more" (a "more" is a comment which
//hasn't been loaded yet because it does not have a great deal of upvotes relative to other comments)
if (kind.equals("t1"))
{
JsonObject commentJson = commentWrapperJson.getAsJsonObject().getAsJsonObject("data");
Comment comment = gson.fromJson(commentJson, Comment.class);
RedditComment redditComment = new RedditComment(comment);
JsonElement repliesJson = commentJson.get("replies");
//if the reply is not equal to an empty String (i.e. if there is at least one reply)
if (!repliesJson.isJsonPrimitive())
{
JsonObject dataJson = repliesJson.getAsJsonObject().getAsJsonObject("data");
JsonArray childrenJson = dataJson.getAsJsonArray("children");
ArrayList<RedditComment> nestedComments = getNestedComments(childrenJson);
redditComment.setReplies(nestedComments);
}
redditComments.add(redditComment);
}
}
return redditComments;
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
package org.ovirt.engine.core.bll;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoSettings;
import org.mockito.quality.Strictness;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.action.ChangeVMClusterParameters;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.Cluster;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.OriginType;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.VM;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.VMStatus;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.network.VmNic;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.compat.Guid;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.dao.ClusterDao;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.dao.network.VmNicDao;
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@MockitoSettings(strictness = Strictness.LENIENT)
public class ChangeVMClusterCommandTest {
@Mock
private MoveMacs moveMacs;
@Mock
private ClusterDao clusterDao;
@Mock
private VmNicDao vmNicDao;
private final ChangeVMClusterParameters parameters = new ChangeVMClusterParameters();
private final VM existingVm = createVm();
@InjectMocks
private ChangeVMClusterCommand<ChangeVMClusterParameters> underTest =
new ChangeVMClusterCommand<>(parameters, null);
@Test
public void canRunForHostedEngine() {
// given hosted engine VM
VM hostedEngine = new VM();
hostedEngine.setOrigin(OriginType.MANAGED_HOSTED_ENGINE);
underTest.setVm(hostedEngine);
underTest.init();
assertThat(underTest.canRunActionOnNonManagedVm(), is(true));
}
@Test
public void testNoChangeWhenClustersDidNotChange() {
Cluster cluster = createCluster();
initWithSameCluster(cluster);
underTest.moveMacsToAnotherMacPoolIfNeeded();
verifyNoMoreInteractions(moveMacs);
}
@Test
public void testNoChangeWhenMacPoolsDidNotChange() {
Cluster newCluster = createCluster();
Cluster oldCluster = createCluster();
newCluster.setMacPoolId(oldCluster.getMacPoolId());
initOldAndNewCluster(oldCluster, newCluster);
underTest.moveMacsToAnotherMacPoolIfNeeded();
verifyNoMoreInteractions(moveMacs);
}
@Test
public void testDoChangeWhenMacPoolsChanged() {
String macToMigrate = "mac";
Cluster oldCluster = createCluster();
Cluster newCluster = createCluster();
initForMovingMacsBetweenClusters(oldCluster, newCluster, macToMigrate);
underTest.moveMacsToAnotherMacPoolIfNeeded();
verify(moveMacs).migrateMacsToAnotherMacPool(oldCluster.getMacPoolId(),
newCluster.getMacPoolId(),
Collections.singletonList(macToMigrate),
underTest.getContext());
}
private VM createVm() {
VM result = new VM();
result.setId(Guid.newGuid());
return result;
}
private Cluster createCluster() {
Cluster cluster = new Cluster();
cluster.setId(Guid.newGuid());
cluster.setMacPoolId(Guid.newGuid());
return cluster;
}
private void initWithSameCluster(Cluster cluster) {
initOldAndNewCluster(cluster, cluster);
}
private void initOldAndNewCluster(Cluster oldCluster, Cluster newCluster) {
when(clusterDao.get(oldCluster.getId())).thenReturn(oldCluster);
when(clusterDao.get(newCluster.getId())).thenReturn(newCluster);
existingVm.setClusterId(oldCluster.getId());
existingVm.setStatus(VMStatus.Up);
parameters.setClusterId(newCluster.getId());
underTest.setVm(existingVm);
underTest.init();
}
private void initMacToMigrate(String macToMigrate) {
when(vmNicDao.getAllForVm(existingVm.getId()))
.thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(macAddressToVmNic(macToMigrate)));
}
private VmNic macAddressToVmNic(String macAddress) {
VmNic result = new VmNic();
result.setMacAddress(macAddress);
return result;
}
private void initForMovingMacsBetweenClusters(Cluster oldCluster, Cluster newCluster, String macToMigrate) {
existingVm.setClusterId(oldCluster.getId());
initOldAndNewCluster(oldCluster, newCluster);
initMacToMigrate(macToMigrate);
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
1. $11 billion.
That’s how much the five-week government shutdown cost the U.S. economy, with nearly a quarter of that total permanently lost, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.
The number was released as hundreds of thousands of federal employees returned to work. After returning to work, subway traffic picked up in Washington, above. Now, a 17-member bipartisan panel has less than three weeks to come up with an agreement on border security.
In the meantime, investors and economic policymakers, including the Federal Reserve, are operating without government analyses of retail sales, manufacturing, housing and other parts of the economy.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
package xmlutil
import (
"encoding/xml"
"strings"
)
type xmlAttrSlice []xml.Attr
func (x xmlAttrSlice) Len() int {
return len(x)
}
func (x xmlAttrSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
spaceI, spaceJ := x[i].Name.Space, x[j].Name.Space
localI, localJ := x[i].Name.Local, x[j].Name.Local
valueI, valueJ := x[i].Value, x[j].Value
spaceCmp := strings.Compare(spaceI, spaceJ)
localCmp := strings.Compare(localI, localJ)
valueCmp := strings.Compare(valueI, valueJ)
if spaceCmp == -1 || (spaceCmp == 0 && (localCmp == -1 || (localCmp == 0 && valueCmp == -1))) {
return true
}
return false
}
func (x xmlAttrSlice) Swap(i, j int) {
x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i]
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Cam Newton warming up before the San Diego game on Sunday. Photo by Jeff Jones/CBS North Carolina.
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) – Carolina’s defense forced five turnovers by Philip Rivers, recorded five sacks and a safety, and the Panthers defeated the San Diego Chargers 28-16 on Sunday.
Cam Newton was a pedestrian 10 of 27 for 160 yards with one touchdown pass and one interception for Carolina (5-8), which snapped a two-game losing streak and kept its slim playoff hopes alive. Jonathan Stewart ran for 66 yards and a touchdown and Graham Gano had four field goals.
But it was Carolina’s defense that set the tone early – and later put the game away.
Despite playing without middle linebacker Luke Kuechly and defensive end Charles Johnson, the Panthers had four sacks on Rivers and forced three turnovers in the first half to build a 23-7 lead.
One of those turnovers, a strip-sack by Kawann Short, proved extra costly for the Chargers (5-8). Running back Melvin Gordon, who came in averaging 117.5 yards from scrimmage and had scored 12 touchdowns, was carted off with a hip injury after his left leg twisted under a pile while attempting to recover the loose ball. He did not return.
The Chargers later lost defensive end Joey Bosa to a neck injury.
Rivers, who played at North Carolina State, finished 21 of 39 for 236 yards with three interceptions and two touchdown passes in his return to the Carolinas. He also fumbled twice on sacks.
Despite trailing 26-16, the Chargers seemed to seize momentum briefly with 11 minutes left in the game when Trovon Reed intercepted Newton in the end zone and appeared to take it back 99 yards for a touchdown. But instead of it being a three-point game, officials ruled Reed was down by contact at the 3-yard line before ever got going.
Three plays later, Mario Addison sacked Rivers in the end zone for a safety and the Chargers never threatened again.
BOSA INURES NECK
Bosa, the No. 3 pick in the draft, left in the second quarter with a neck injury after a sack on Newton. Bosa didn’t appear to have his head up as he collided with the 6-foot-5, 245-pound Newton in the pocket and his neck snapped back.
Cornerback Craig Mager also left in the first half with an elbow injury and did not return.
NEWTON SCARE
The home crowd held its breath when Newton left the game late in the third quarter after taking a hit to the side of the head from defensive end Corey Liuget. But Newton returned to the game one play later.
HE DID WHAT?
Stewart had a highlight reel 20-yard run when he somersaulted over Chargers defender Jahleel Addae, landed on Addae’s ankle with his helmet and somehow kept his balance to pick up another 5 yards.
FINALLY, A WIN VS. WEST
The Panthers got their first win against an AFC West team after losing to Denver, Kansas City and Oakland earlier this season.
GANO PERFECT
Gano was perfect on the day, converting all four field-goal attempts from 23, 41, 44 and 45 yards.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
South African Rand (ZAR) to Mexican Peso (MXN) exchange rate history
Currency Menu
Welcome to the ZAR MXN history summary. This is the South African Rand (ZAR) to Mexican Peso (MXN) exchange rate history summary page, detailing 180 days of ZAR MXN historical data from Wednesday 22/02/2017 to Wednesday 16/08/2017
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
قاموس صخر الجديد
Opera 10.50 is the fastest Web browser available, and offers many powerful features with a new and beautiful minimalistic design. It is absolutely free, comes in 43 languages, and works on Windows, Mac and Linux.
more info...
At the beginning of this game there will be a mess of dots and lines crossing each other, the object of this game is to clean up the mess by moving the dots so that the lines no longer cross.
more info...
Magic Uneraser will help you restore any deleted file, including documents, photos, mp3 and ZIP files. These files could be lost after clearing the Recycle Bin, removal in a command line, formatting or at removal without using a Recycle …
more info...
قاموس صخر الجديد
قاموس صخر الجديد
Opera 10.50 is the fastest Web browser available, and offers many powerful features with a new and beautiful minimalistic design. It is absolutely free, comes in 43 languages, and works on Windows, Mac and Linux.
more info...
At the beginning of this game there will be a mess of dots and lines crossing each other, the object of this game is to clean up the mess by moving the dots so that the lines no longer cross.
more info...
Magic Uneraser will help you restore any deleted file, including documents, photos, mp3 and ZIP files. These files could be lost after clearing the Recycle Bin, removal in a command line, formatting or at removal without using a Recycle …
more info...
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
How to make a variables within a constructor call methods?
So I am doing an assignment that is based around the energy consumption within a house. I have created a Person constructor that emulates a person within the house. I now want to make that person perform a task which is to have a shower. I have added the task into the Person class and now I need to call it in a timePasses() method.
The assignment is about registering the amount of energy consumption used up by applications within a house during a 1 day period. I have created appliances such as PowerShowerthat has a shower() method which reads the amount of energy consumption used by that appliance. Now I have been asked to create a Person class which has people that us these appliances. So I have created a constructor to store the details of the person and now I want to make that person call the PowerShower.shower() method to emulate them using that appliance. I'm having trouble with figuring out how to actually make a person do this task which is what I need help with.
Here is what I have so far:
public abstract class Person
{
public int personAge;
public String personName;
PowerShower callPowerShower = new PowerShower(1,1,1,1);
Person(int personAge, String personName)
{
this.personAge = personAge;
this.personName = personName;
}
public void addTask()
{
callPowerShower.shower();
}
public void timePasses()
{
//Make Person execute task callPowerShower.shower().
}
}
How would I make a person perform the task? Any help is appreciated, thanks.
A:
Assuming shower takes a Person Object as a parameter?
Person bob = new Person(25,"Bob");
PowerShower callPowerShower = new PowerShower(1,1,1,1);
callPowerShower.shower(bob)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
An immunochromatographic assay for carcinoembryonic antigen on cotton thread using a composite of carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles as reporters.
This paper describes a low-cost, sensitive, visual and rapid immunochromatographic assay method on cotton thread for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection by using novel carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticles (CNT/GNPs) nanocomposite reporter probe. CEA, a lung cancer protein biomarker, was used as analyte to demonstrate the principle of the immunochromatographic assay on cotton thread biosensor. In the presence of target CEA, the decreasing aggregation amount of CNT/GNPs nanocomposite reporter probes on the test zone induced directly readout by naked eye. Meanwhile, quantitative detection could be performed conveniently with a commercial available scanner. The performance with respect to sensitivity of the method was greatly improved by 2-3 magnitudes comparing with traditional gold nanoparticles (GNPs) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reporter probe. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor was capable of detecting 2.32 ng/mL CEA (S/N ≥ 3) which is sensitive enough for clinical diagnosis. These results indicated the novel CNT/GNPs nanocomposite reporter probe based immunochromatographic assay on cotton thread is particularly suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics in resource-limited regions.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to automotive vehicles, more particularly to, fluid flow through a throttle body on an engine for automotive vehicles.
2. Description of Related Art
Currently, a throttle body on an engine has a throttle plate for controlling the amount of air that flows to the cylinders of the engine. During engine operation, the amount of air desired to perform idle speed conditions is typically controlled electronically. The path of the air must travel from above the throttle plate, bypassing the throttle plate via a drilling from inside the throttle body, to an orifice that meters the air by means of an electronically controlled stepper motor. The air metered from the orifice is finally dumped below the throttle plate to be mixed within fuel downstream.
One problem with the above circuitry is that a separate casting is used to house the stepper motor, resulting in extra machining and parts to secure the stepper motor to the throttle body. Another problem is that the path for idle speed air is interrupted by externally machined communication drillings and plugs.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an automatic idle speed circuitry which eliminates the us of unnecessary drillings and external plugs to complete the circuitry. It is another object of the present invention to provide a path for idle speed air that is uninterrupted by externally machined communication drillings and plugs. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a low cost automatic idle speed circuitry.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Ah, interesting. What happens is that the page displays an empty box upon first startup. Then, when you click the 'add' button you can add items into the box. Or, once you have items listed in the box, you can select them (one at a time) and click on the 'delete' button. Sounds like the empty box must not have an empty 'select' tag, then once there are items to select then they need to add the appropriate <select> tags. Hmm. Too bad empty select is illegal! :-)
If this is incorrect, please let me know, as I'll be sending that info (probably late tomorrow) to the authors of the html to have them fix it.
And sorry for not searching to find out that empty select's are evil :-)
(I guess this STILL leaves the question of what $mech->select() should do when there is nothing to select. Seems like it should still say 'nothing to do' and return 0 - oh, well.)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
"?" "Hurry, Yoli." "(loud music)" "Mari, I'm hungry." "Ok, I'm coming, but you're missing out on my moves." "Whoa, shit!" "(School bell rings)" "Why'd you leave, girl?" "It got good." "I stayed for a little bit." "It was tight, huh?" "It was sick!" "So then let's go again today?" "Again..." "It's Tuesday." "Everyday's a Friday for her." "Everyday is like beans without salt for her, ok?" "You know what?" "That's not cool." "Is that my lipgloss?" "It'd better not be my lipgloss." "Mom gave it to me..." "Mom gave it to me." "How many times do I have to tell you!" "It's mine!" "Stop lying, it's mine!" "I don't want you going through my stuff." "I can sweep, mop, and break down boxes." "Young lady, I don't need help right now." "I'm only asking for twenty a day." "Twenty for me goes a long way." "You don't believe me?" "Good day, Don Pedro!" "Dona Herlinda!" "What's new?" "(Don Pedro) You want produce?" "Or gossip?" "(Dona Herlinda) Both." "He's looking." "Hey!" "Hey!" "What is your friend's name?" "Yolanda, what is your friend's name?" "She's not my friend, Don Pedro." "Damn it." "Olivia!" "Olivia!" "(Students chattering)" "I was just talking about alternate angles." "Interior, exterior." "Ok?" "They're all congruent." "Mr. G!" "I'll be right with you." "We're going to go over it." "Mr. G!" "It looks great, Yolanda." "Let's keep looking at these over here." "You do understand this, right?" " Yes?" " Yes." "Yes?" "Ok, Mari Rodriguez..." "You're gonna have to share until I get a copy of the textbook." "Yolanda, can you share your textbook with her and help her catch up?" "And you're going to have to turn that over." "It's off." "(Students Ooh and Ahh)" "Ok, ok, relax." "Just make it disappear, ok?" "What?" "Nothing, you're my neighbor is all." "And?" "Do I owe you something?" "I'm just saying." "You look like a little fly." "Pinche mosquita." "I'm working on getting your homework posted online." "Tomorrow, I do not want to hear, "What was the homework, Mr. G?"" "I love the excitement." "Wait, Cuata." "I'm putting it on my left eye." "That means you got to put it on your right." "So did you guys check out the new girl?" "What's up with that freakin' attitude?" "Trying to act all tough and shit in front of everyone." "Please." "I think she's trouble." "You don't even know her, Vicky." "Just saying." "It must suck being new at a big ass school." "People can be rude and stuff." "Here you go again with that holy santita bullshit." "It's getting real old." "I left that back in junior high." "I'm just saying." "Well, get over it." "That's what I'm saying." "Don't trip off her girl." "She's just feeling off and shit." "Yeah, I guess." "(School bell rings)" "She's just bitchy right now cuz she started her period and I didn't." "(School bell rings)" "What's up with Mr. G?" "Why does he always give us a lot of homework?" "I don't know, man." "I don't know what's up." "This is geometry." "He has to calm down." "Shit, you're smoking a joint, Yoli?" "Right, Cuata?" "Dude, it smells like weed." "Maybe that's how her number two smells." "You're so stupid!" "Hey!" "What the hell?" "You think you're some kind of hot shit?" "I am hot shit, dumbass." "Crazy bitch!" "Hey!" "Hey!" "Alright, who's got it?" "Hey, don't look at me." "We don't know either." "Let's just see what the office knows." "Mari." "Thank you." "Thanks for pushing me out in time." "My parents would have freaked out over something like this." "So what'd the Dean say?" "I flushed that roach down the toilet so all they could do is warn me;" "next time I'm out." "Yeah." "They said I could make it easier on myself if I just drop out and get my GED." "They're stupid." "It's not that crazy." "But what about college?" "It's a waste of time." "It's not a waste of time." "It is for me." "Look, after school we can meet up." "We'll go through my Geometry book and go over whatever other stuff." "History, English..." "Weekdays are good." "Weekends too." "One of that." "Thank you." "I don't know about studying on the weekends." "You know, if you do good, it's like the biggest..." "Even if you don't go to college, just imagine having the chance to shove those grades in their faces." "They'd feel so stupid." "I have all the homework." "We can start today." "You know you don't owe me shit, right?" "I know." "Mama!" "Can I go to my friend's house?" "She lives across the street." "Please?" "We have classes together and we're going to study." "Ok, but don't be too late." "(Music plays from the TV)" "(TV turns off)" "After homework." "Please Mari?" "Nope!" "We should play some Ska while doing our homework." "You won't be able to focus." "Yeah, but it'll make it fun." "Hello, my daughter." "Hello." "We're offering cereal to our guests?" "Well, it's not like we have steak to offer." "Here, steak doesn't last." "You'll have to come real early before it's all gone." "Can I talk to you for a second, Mari?" "While I was working all day, you couldn't find it in you to unpack a few boxes." "I'm tired." "What's that?" "What's what?" "That smell." "Are you smoking?" "No." "Damn!" "You ok?" "I found it in my mom's drawer." "You look nice, Mari." "Yeah?" "Yeah." "Mari!" "Mom wants you to move some boxes." "Mom's calling you." "How did it go at the neighbor's house?" "I asked, how was your time at the neighbor's?" "Fine." "Let's break up into groups." "You three, Chapter 10." "You three in the middle, Chapter 11." "Chapter 10 on the outside." "You three also Chapter 11 and Chapter 10." "Oops." "Douche!" "Skank!" "She's calling you." "Hop on already!" "Hold on." "But not too tight." "Just like that." "Alright." "No, no, no, no, no!" "Wait!" "My turn, my turn!" " You better not drop me!" " I'm not!" "I'm not!" " Promise." " I promise." "I hope you end up liking Huntington Park." "Why wouldn't I?" "Cuz sometimes the air smells like pan dulche and others say it smells like chemicals." "Or like the Las Cuatas say, "It smells like ass."" "Holy..." "Are you okay?" "What did I say!" "Alright, that's enough." "Oh, shit." "It's open." "We should go, Mari." "Come on, Mosquita." ""I love Chuy."" ""Hydo Y Rusbi por vida."" ""Guera Y Chaparra friends forever."" ""Mosquita y Mari."" "Fuck the rest." "Whenever anybody gets on our nerves, this'll be our "kick it" spot." "This is private property, Mari." "We can't just make it our own." "It's not like anybody's gonna come here anytime soon." ""Smurf is my man." "All bitches stay away."" "Yeah, you fight for your little blue man, dumbass." "I bet you that guy Smurf got his name from wearing his ugly-ass shorts." "What?" "Nothing." "Smurfette." "Oh, hell, no!" "Gotcha." "Look, you can do the recording and me and Vera can do the rest." "Ok?" "We're going to be doing a random survey." "Right, Cuata?" "Yeah, random survey." "But what kinda survey?" "Just press this button to record, ok?" "questioning your long-term friends about shit?" "So here we are at my high school." "And we're gonna be doing a random survey where we're get to ask guys if they've ever popped a boner in school." "Ay, Cuata." "What?" "It's just a question!" "Anyways, we get to talk to some cute-ass guys." "Or what?" "You don't want to talk to them?" "I never said that." "Well, then record me." "Hey!" "Have you guys ever popped a boner in school?" "No." "Whatever." "Liars!" "I don't know." "Maybe once or twice?" "I don't know." "(whispering) No way." "And how did you hide it?" "Come on." "Can you stop asking me that?" "Hey, have you ever popped a boner in school?" "Yeah, when I saw your mom." "Your mom, bitch." "I'll probably just block it with these books." "Like this." "Wouldn't it hurt?" "Uh, I don't think so." "What about, like if you need to stand up, like, the teacher tells you to write something on the board?" "I'll carry my books like this." "Oh, my god, I know him!" "Go ask him, Yoli!" " I'm not gonna ask him!" " Go ask him!" "Dude, stop acting like that again." "Hey, she has something she wants to tell you." "Well..." "What?" "Have you ever popped a boner at school?" "Yeah." "How about right now?" "Vicky, just turn it off already!" "It's getting boring." "I was going to anyway." "Damn!" "I'm sorry." "That was stupid." "When two angles and a side of a triangle are congruent to two angles and a side of a second triangle, what does that prove?" "I didn't get that far in the book." "Just remember "ass," like in culo, but spelled A-A-S." "It stands for Angle-Angle-Side." "Easy, huh?" "The culo theorem." "Got it." "Look, stupid." "Those sissies suppose to inspire us?" "It's better than," ""Smurf is my man, all bitches stay away."" "I'll go with the little blue man." "It's not that bad." "Olivia, do you want something to eat?" "Yes!" "There's a pot in here." "Should I take it out?" "Know what they called her?" "Guadalupe la frutera." "Don't move or you will end up like your father on our wedding day." "You used to cut Dad's hair?" "But he wasn't the first." "I grabbed the scissors when I was 10." "And later, I got my cosmetology certificate to help people look even more beautiful." "And?" "And things change." "But why did they change?" "Because that's how it is." "I'll do it." "The grading scale is on the board." "Mari..." "Forget this shit." "It just means we have to work a little harder." "I'll meet you at the shop so don't even trip." "We can't meet up?" "I have some stuff to take care of for my mom, you know." "Maybe later." "Yeah, ok." " Hey." " Hey." "How long you going to be doing that on Pacific?" "As long as it takes." "Why you getting like all gloomy and shit?" "Not even." "Stupid." "Stupid." "We're gonna meet at the shop tomorrow?" "Yeah, don't worry." "I'll make it work." "I'm just saying..." "I know, Yoli." "But it's not all I'm about." "(TV plays in the background)" "And your homework?" "I'm going to do it right now." "That's good." "Ok, stop." "Stop!" "Stop!" "Stop." "First tell me what you're thinking about." "Nothing..." "Just about my parents." "What about them?" "I was remembering this one day, awhile back." "My dad put on this CD he bought off this guy on Pacific." "He put it on then went and pulled out this old cowboy hat" "I've never seen him in." "Then he approached my mom and then they waltzed around the room..." "Not caring about their usual, resting up for work the next day." "It was like they were somewhere else for that moment." "It was kinda beautiful." "You think too much." "Come on, scaredy-cat." "What about your father?" "He died." "Some sort of accident..." "He used to drive one of those big-ass 18-wheelers up, down, and all around this place." "Did he ever take you for a ride?" "No..." "He was always just too happy to be home with us." "At least everyday was different for him." "Different like today." "(siren wails)" "(both singing) They started to play..." "To play..." "Dancing with death!" "I got to go..." "Here." "Some guy who flyers keeps eyeballing my shit." "This?" "Fool, that's a classic." "(Music plays from the Walkman)" "?" "Yolanda!" "Yolanda!" "What are you doing?" "You went into your father's closet." "And those?" "They let me borrow it." "Let me see." "(Music plays from the Walkman)" "Shall we dance?" "What, Mom?" "Return it to your father's closet." "What was it like when you met Dad?" "When you danced for the first time?" "What are you talking about?" "You know..." "Life stuff." "We've made it perfectly clear that the only thing you need to worry about is school." "Concentrate on that." "I'm not busting my ass all day so you can throw it away." "I was just asking a question." "Photos and videos." "Photos for passports." "Thank you." "You making something good for dinner?" "They let us out early from the factory." "I think there was a spill." "Gives me a chance to cook for my two girls." "You must have your hands full with two girls." "By any chance, do you know of a job around here?" "Not off hand, but I can keep an eye out." "Or you can ask your eldest." "She seems to know." "You have something to tell me about my daughter?" "Well, only what I've heard." "I heard she's been flyering for one of the local stores." "Sometimes till late." "There's nothing wrong with helping her family, you understand me?" "That was my story when I was young and you never know to what extent you have to go." "You understand me?" "Must be another girl." "Thank you, Don Pedro." "Where did you find your father's medallion?" "In one of your drawers." "Under a bunch of crap." "Your father would be disappointed in you..." "In the streets as if you didn't have a mother." "Maybe he's proud of me because I'm making sure we have a chance, like how he wanted." "Give me a break, Mari." "You barely make enough for rent, and now we got it." "Your father and I wanted you to get school." "Having a green card gets you an education." "I already figured that out." "I made them find one." "Sorry it took so long, Mari." "Cool." "I never thought I'd hear you say that about a textbook." "Cool for when I can't meet up with you." "You know, makes it easier." "We're going to meet up at the shop today, aren't we?" "Nah, I got that other stuff to do, remember?" "I'll go with you." "Why not?" "Crazy!" "That's not you." "How do you know that's not me?" "I ain't playing, Yoli." "I can do my work at home." "Don't trip." "Don't even trip, girl." "We got your back." "We got plans for us to kick it after school and just have fun." "(Chattering, gossiping)" "So are you like a freshman, a junior, a sophomore?" "No, I'm a sophomore." "I remember when I used to be a sophomore." "(Yolanda) That's cool." "So you're a junior?" "Yeah." "Oh, that's cool." "Yeah, you like it?" "Yeah, so far." "I like your braid!" "It's really long." "Who did it for you?" "I can braid it for you sometime." "That's be cool!" "So who was that?" "My best friend." "Need to talk to her or something?" "Are you sure?" "Yeah." "So you want to come?" "No, I'm ok." "Come with us, Yoli!" "You'll have fun." "No, I'm ok." "Giving up the studies to hang out with your little boyfriend?" "He's not my boyfriend." "Yeah, he's probably a faggot." "He's just someone me and Las Cuatas know from school." "Why do you care?" "Please." "If you want to hang out with the twiddle-dums and the rest of them, that's on you, stupid." "Stupid you." "Yeah, whatever." "Yeah, whatever." "Photos and videos." "Photos for passports." "The Walkman." "You told me to hold onto it so that guy doesn't eyeball it." "Go play with your little boyfriend or something." "Boo!" "Come on, let's go!" "Am I speaking Chinese or something?" "Come on!" "This ain't even a real video game, Mari." "Yeah, it's a piece of shit!" "Dude, not even!" "I'm not on your lane!" "Old lady." "You drive like my grandma." "Oh, is that right?" "Oh, look at me!" "I'm coming up in second." "That's right." "Touch it now!" "That's what I thought!" "(Game) New personal best!" "I don't have anymore change." "Mosquita!" "(Music plays from the Walkman)" "It's my jam right here!" "(Both singing to song)" "I didn't see you on Pacific." "I was flyering the cars along the side streets." "Thank you." "Mrs. Rodriguez, how are things with you and Mari?" "Don't worry about us, Don Pedro." "Everything is good." "Let me introduce myself." "I'm Cruz Olveros and this is my husband." "Thank you for letting your daughter help my daughter with her schoolwork." "It's always nice to have Mari in the house." "Such a good kid." "You all should talk more often." "Raising two 15-year-old girls is not easy." "In this day and age with the youth and who they are and the things that happen sometimes." "What do you want to say about our daughters?" "It's not like I want to gossip or anything" "Just spit it out." "Someone told me that one of the girls got into a car with someone." "You know what can happen when someone gets in a car." "I don't see what's so unusual about getting into a car." "Stepping into a car isn't, but getting into a car is." "With all due respect, that's all ridiculous." "Well, I had two kids because I got into a car." "Mari doesn't have time to get into cars with boys." "Or maybe she's finding the time." "My daughter is too smart to be getting into cars with boys." "As you can see, not that smart." "I'm sure they're referring to some other girls." "Not our daughters." "Excuse us." "I agree." "Maybe I should get my driver's license." "I can get one now that I'm 15." "For that, you need a permit." "What?" "Is he giving you money?" "What?" "The boy you're spending all your time with." "Is he giving you money?" "Is that how we've been paying rent?" "I don't know what you're talking about." "Playing dumb isn't your strong suit." "They have you working too hard over there." "I asked you a question!" "There is no boy!" "Mom, what are you doing in there?" "How was school?" "Fine." "And on your walks back home?" "The same." "The same?" "Yes, Mom, the same." "Ok." "Don't you usually walk with Mari?" "It would be nice if you did." "Walk to school together." "Ok, Mom." "To school and back." "Together." "Ok, Mom." "Go on and finish showering." "Tell me something..." "Something you never told anyone." "I was five when we left my grandma to come here." "My dad wanted her to come with us, but she refused." "I still remember how everyone was afraid of her because she took care of hers no matter what." "But she would always take me on these walks to this river, and we'd make tortas with beans and cheese." "And we'd eat until we couldn't take it anymore." "And we'd just lay there and watch the birds fly." "She said if I really wanted to," "I could hear the wind going through their feathers as they flapped by." "And I swear to you, for a moment, I could." "Ten years from now, I'm gonna save up and visit my grandma in Xalapa Mexico." "By then, who cares if I can't make it back?" "Ten years from now, I want to" "Be a doctor or lawyer." "I don't even know." "Maybe a truck driver?" "Are you gonna ride with me?" "You can take me to my grandma's." "You can stay if you want." "Yeah, I could see that." "Yoli." "Hello." "You gotta get back to your homework!" "Yoli!" "Yoli!" "Yoli!" "Yolanda!" "Come on!" "I'm ready." "Put a streak on each side, and these are going to look real cute, ok?" "Yolanda?" "Are those permanent?" "Mr. Galvez wants to see us." "Why?" "Why haven't we seen any of your latest tests posted on the refrigerator?" "We'll see." "Yolanda is one of my best students." "That's why I am a bit concerned that her grades have been declining." "Maybe you've been preoccupied helping out your friend Mari." "Is there something happening to you here at school?" "No." "Is someone harassing you?" "No." "Lately you've had your head in the clouds." "Thank you very much, professor, for letting us know." "Thank you for coming." "Anything else, please let us know." "Of course." "Thank you." "Yolanda..." "Look, um." "I've got these college pamphlets and I was thinking maybe you could take a look at them." "And we could talk about how to get you a tour to visit them." "You know?" "Maybe one weekend?" "That sound exciting?" " Yeah." " Ok." "We don't have to return to Mexico to be reminded of what poverty looks like." "It's just a few blocks away from us." "Your mother and I work very hard to make sure your future is far from this." "What we endure everyday at work for years isn't enough for you to get it?" "But I never said I wasn't going to college." "Any obstacle that gets in your way, you can just move aside." " And that includes any boy." " What?" "Don't play the deaf one, Yolanda." "This isn't the moment for that." "Your future is too important for you to have this attitude." "Ok Dad, I know." "It doesn't appear that way." "Don't lose sight of what you have right in front of you." "Yeah, like you." "What was that?" "Nothing." "You listening to me, Yolanda?" "Yes." "I won't lose sight." "Mari?" "Yeah?" "No chocolate." "Peanut butter and jelly ok?" "Yeah." "Alright." "It looks nice." "Come on." "We just want one picture." "Is that ok?" "Yes, that's ok." "Thank you." "Oh, come on." "Not like this." "Like this." "See!" "That's what I'm talking about." "That says, "I'm here!"" "No... "We're here."" "Yeah, it's me and you for life." "Your parents?" "Don Pedro's." "(Music plays from the stereo)" "Just for a little bit." "I'm cold, Mari." "Ok, but just for a little bit." "You're probably going to go far way for college, huh?" "Wherever they accept us - here, somewhere else." "Us?" "I'm not helping you for nothing." "I can't afford it." "We'll figure it out." "Yeah?" "We'll get into school." "We'll get away." "Thank you." "Thank you." "Hi, girls!" "Hi, girls." "Excuse me, I have to go take care of my sister." "What's going on with her?" "Yolanda, I'm talking to you." "What's going on with her?" "What were you two up to?" "Studying for our finals." "And how did it go?" "We'll be ready for them." "That's what I like to hear." "It's the end of the month." "Please give me a chance to make more than this." "I'm sorry, Mari." "It's just been too slow." "The flyering hasn't given me results." "I have to let you go." "Do you need any help in the store?" "No?" "Excuse me, but do you need help with something by any chance?" "In anything?" "No?" "How much will you give me for this?" "We'll give you fifteen." "Only fifteen?" "They're hard to find." "It's a classic." "Fifteen." "I got a booger on my face or something?" "Stupid." "Then?" "Yesterday, was kinda..." "I don't know." "You're making a big deal out of nothing." "Ok." "You can be so annoying sometimes." "You know that guy from the other day?" "Las Cuatas' friend..." "Well, he asked me to be his girlfriend." "He's more stupider than I thought." "Well, maybe I should say yes." "Why not?" "If you don't want me to, I won't." "I already told you what I think." "Yeah, but" "Who cares?" "Just say yes." "I got real things to be thinking about." "Not that dumb kid shit." " Mari!" " What!" "Don't forget about the final on Monday." "Flyering going ok?" "Yes." "I have a co-worker..." "She said she turned her garage into a studio." "And it came out really nice." "Even though it's a little crowded for three." "They pay me in a couple of days." "You don't have to get all dramatic." "I'm sorry." "Forget about it." "Ok!" "All your books, notes, backpacks under your desks." "Nothing but pens, pencils, and calculators out." "Just relax." "You'll all do great." "Ok!" "Everyone with a test, you may begin!" "You may begin." "Good luck." "You too." "(Students chattering)" "Come on Saturdays, ladies get in free before midnight!" "Hi, how are you?" "Every Saturday night..." "I can help you flyer." "I'm not flyering." "I'm promoting." "Doesn't matter." "I can still help you." "You're too young to be doing this." "Come on, man." "Hurry up." "You need money, don't you?" "Yes, but it's not for sale." "Then, what is?" "Perv." "Join us every Saturday night." "Mari!" "Hey!" "That's enough!" "Hey!" "What the hell's going on with you?" "I'm sure that boy is the cause of this nonsense." "[knocking on door]" "Everything ok?" "Are you ok?" "We'll leave you alone." "(School bell rings)" "Mr. G, can I take Mari's final to her?" "Sorry, Yolanda." "Not a final." "She's gonna have to come get it herself." "Thanks, Mr. G." "Good work!" "Have you seen Mari?" "Who the hell is she?" "My best friend." "Are you playing elementary school games?" "No!" "You know what, go to hell." "Wait!" "We made a deal." "?" "What's wrong?" "I'm tired, Mom." "My love." "(loud music plays, kids laughing)" "Scoot over, Yoli." "I like this song!" "Yoli, you're gonna start again with that holy santita bullshit?" "No, I've done it before." "Well, then hit it!" "It was different." "Come on, a joint is a joint." "(All sounds fade away leaving only music)" "?" "What's wrong?" "Stop the car." "Stop the car!" "What the hell, Yoli!" "Look, stop!" "It's ok, dude." "Ok?" "Just on a trip." "Just get back in the car." "You'll feel much better!" " Just shut up, Cuata!" " I'm walking home." "Yoli, don't be like that." " Alright, then go!" " I will!" "You know, it's not like we give a shit!" "Good!" "Cuz I don't give a shit either!" "Let's just go, Cuata." "?" "?"
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenSubtitles"
}
|
Prenez note que cet article publié en 2018 pourrait contenir des informations qui ne sont plus à jour.
EXCLUSIF - Cinq ans après son achat pour 365 000 $, le camion blindé du Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) est utilisé deux à trois fois moins qu'envisagé au départ. Radio-Canada a appris qu'il ne sert que 5 à 6 fois par année.
Un texte de Thomas Gerbet (Nouvelle fenêtre)
Depuis le début de l'année 2018, le camion de protection balistique a servi une seule fois. Impossible de savoir quand et pourquoi. Le SPVM a invoqué deux articles de la Loi sur l'accès aux documents des organismes publics pour ne pas révéler cette information.
Acheté en juin 2013, le camion blindé de 17 tonnes devait servir pour des interventions à haut risque. Critiqué à l'époque pour cette acquisition considérée comme une forme de militarisation, le SPVM avait justifié son utilité en planifiant s'en servir de 10 à 15 fois par an.
« Contrairement à d'autres équipements, on n'a pas prévu de rentabiliser le véhicule en fonction du nombre de sorties, explique le porte-parole du SPVM, Ian Lafrenière. C'est un outil très spécialisé pour la protection des policiers et des citoyens. »
Le camion Thunder-1 doit servir de bouclier au Groupe tactique d'intervention (GTI) lors d'opérations très risquées comme lorsqu'une personne armée est barricadée ou qu'il faut évacuer des otages.
Le véhicule est muni de 13 meurtrières permettant aux policiers de faire feu vers l'extérieur ou de tendre des objets de communication à des individus barricadés pour négocier.
« Le fait d'avoir un véhicule qui protège nos policiers, ça met dans une position où on n'a pas, ou moins, besoin d'utiliser la force létale », explique Ian Lafrenière.
Le camion a-t-il permis de sauver des vies? Le SPVM n'est pas en mesure de répondre à cette question.
Ian Lafrenière donne l'exemple des émeutes de Montréal-Nord, en 2008. Une policière avait été atteinte par balle et les policiers avaient réalisé un « mur humain » pour l'évacuer. Le camion aurait pu servir de bouclier.
J'entends beaucoup de commentaires concernant la militarisation de la police, mais quand vous voyez le nombre de sorties que l'on fait avec ce véhicule, vous voyez bien que c'est très loin d'être utilisé pour épater la galerie. Ian Lafrenière, porte-parole du SPVM
Le SPVM assure ne pas avoir l'intention d'utiliser le camion blindé dans le cadre de manifestations, comme on peut le voir dans d'autres pays.
Le camion en chiffres : Poids chargé : 17 tonnes
Peut transporter une dizaine de personnes
Vitesse maximale : 120 km/h
Force : 285 chevaux
Le SPVM a ajouté au camion un bélier hydraulique pour défoncer une porte ou une fenêtre à une distance de 3,5 mètres.
Plusieurs services de police au Québec et au Canada sont munis d’un véhicule de protection balistique. C'est le cas de la Sûreté du Québec, ainsi que des services de police des villes de Québec, Toronto et Vancouver.
« C'est ce que ça nous prenait dans une grande métropole comme la nôtre, dit Ian Lafrenière. Est-ce que ça nous en prend d'autres? La réponse est non. »
|
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Lauren, James and Ruby's story
Lauren and James' daughter Ruby was born at 29 weeks gestation, after Lauren had been diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. Here, she shares the story of Ruby's time in neonatal intensive care, being able to take her home, and Ruby's progress since then.
She was so precious and tiny, she needed me to be strong so that I could see her and be with her.
It started while we were on holiday. We were camping and I was suffering from neck pain, but at 29 weeks pregnant I didn't think anything of it so I took some painkillers to ease the pain. My mum suggested I book a doctor’s appointment just to be on the safe side.
We walked to the GP, not expecting it to be anything serious. A few minutes later I was told I had pre-eclampsia and needed to go to the hospital straight away. My partner drove us as we only live a few minutes away and we were met in the car park by a nurse and doctor.
I was immediately put on bed rest. We still both hadn’t grasped the seriousness of the situation until a doctor told us the baby would be coming that night or the next day. At this point, our world fell apart. I pleaded that it was too early but it was out of my hands. Our daughter was putting my life in danger and there was a chance we could both lose our lives. Ruby was born the next day, on 6 August 2015 at 30 weeks gestation. She weighed just 860g and was 29 cm long.
She didn’t breathe for the first ten minutes of her life. All I can remember is seeing James crying and the NICU nurses fighting to save her life. When she did cry it was a kitten-like sound, but I was just so relieved she was finally breathing. I felt numb, not like how a new mummy should. The nurse and midwife were amazing, I will never forget them.
James went up to the unit to see Ruby while the doctors were putting lines in her and trying to stabilise her. He kept sending me pictures so I could see her but I felt like a failure as I hadn’t looked after her for the nine months like I should have done.
When I saw her the next day all those feelings had disappeared. She was so precious and tiny, she needed me to be strong so that I could see her and be with her. She was the only baby on the unit at the time, so she had three nurses to care for her for ten days. We had good days and bad days but the nurses did all they could to help me feel like a mum. They showed me how to change her nappy, feed her through a tube and hold her tiny hand in the incubator. It was six days before I could hold her as she had so many wires.
Before then I spent several nights wrestling with myself. Was it my fault? Should I have gone to the doctors earlier? After talking to other mums I realised we all felt the same. It wasn't my fault.
I soon learned that you just need to take each day as it comes, both good ones and bad ones. After two months on the unit we were allowed to ‘room in’ before taking her home. This was the best experience of my life, there were no nurses, no wires, just me and my baby. I took countless videos and cuddled her until she fell asleep.
She came home at 3lb 5oz, and although it was scary, I'd never felt so much love and strength from our little girl. She is truly an inspiration to us. No one ever says it’s easy having a baby, and it certainly isn't easy having a premature baby, but somehow their strength gives you strength to realise you can make it out the other side.
If you have been affected by any of the issues mentioned in this post, you can call our helpline for support on 0808 801 0322 or view our online support pages. If you would like to share your story with Bliss, please email media@bliss.org.uk
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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The present invention relates generally to black ink compositions for use in ink jet printers. More particularly, the present invention relates to black ink compositions having improved properties such as neutral color, light fastness, optical density, and gray scaling.
An ink jet image is formed when a precise pattern of dots is ejected from a drop generating device known as a xe2x80x9cprint headxe2x80x9d onto a printing medium. The typical ink jet print head has an array of precisely formed nozzles located on a nozzle plate and attached to an ink jet print head substrate. The substrate incorporates an array of firing chambers that receive liquid ink (colorants dissolved or disbursed in a solvent) through fluid communication with one or more ink reservoirs. Each chamber has a thin film resistor, known as xe2x80x9cfiring resistorxe2x80x9d, located opposite the nozzle so ink can collect between the firing resistor and the nozzle. In particular, each resistor element, which is typically a pad of a resistive material, measures about 35 umxc3x9735 um. The print head is held and protected by an outer packaging referred to as a print cartridge, i.e., ink jet pen.
Upon energizing of a particular resistor element, a droplet of ink is expelled through the nozzle toward the print medium. The firing of ink droplets is typically under the control of a microprocessor, which conveys signals through electrical traces to the resistor elements. Thus the formation of alpha numeric and other characters on the print medium is possible.
The tight tolerances of the nozzles, typically 30 to 40 um diameter require that the ink not clog the nozzles. Further, repeating firings of the resistor elements, which must withstand many millions of firings over the life of the ink cartridge to be commercially practical, can result in fouling of the resistor elements and degradation of pen performance. This buildup of residue on the resistor element is unique to ink jet printers and is known as kogation.
The ink composition must be capable of interacting with the print medium in a manner sufficient to penetrate the print medium without undo spreading and a subsequent decrease in print quality. Furthermore, in order to maintain the integrity of the printed image over time, it is important that the colorant be light fast and not degrade with exposure to light over time.
In general, the light fastness of ink jet images still falls short of that produced by other technologies, such as electro-photography or gravure printing. Therefore, a continued demand in ink jet printing has resulted in the need to develop reliable printers capable of producing high quality light fast images at a reasonable cost.
Other properties that are required for black ink jet ink compositions, to effectively compete with other imaging technology include neutral black color, neutral gray scale, and good optical density. Good optical density, or fullness and intensity of color, is required in order to produce images, which are full in tone and not washed out. Further, as optical density range increases, so does the ability to produce sharp transitions between different shades of black. The shades of black, ranging from black to white, are known as gray scale. Generally speaking, black inks that display a higher optical density are capable of producing a greater number of transitory gray shades between black and white, and therefore produce higher quality images. Moreover, a large gray scale having a wide range of gray shades with crisp shade transition capacity is needed when producing complex images, such as photographs, in order to achieve the same quality of other imaging techniques.
In addition to good optical density and gray scaling properties, the production of high quality complex images requires that the black color be as neutral as possible. Because the color black is a combination of many colors, often, the black will have a colored hue. Hues of red, green, yellow, and blue are the most common, and may be due to a variety of factors, including the amount or concentration of each color. Black ink with no hue would be considered neutral, however, because of the human eye""s inability to detect very slight hues, black ink may still have a certain amount of hue and appear neutral.
One method for attempting to achieve a neutral black color is an inefficient process known as under printing. When black ink with a known hue is used for printing, other colors that have been selected to neutralize the colored hue in the black ink may be first printed on a print medium. The black ink is then printed over these colors. For example, when black ink with a blue hue is used, magenta or yellow inks, are applied to the print medium in a first pass of the ink jet nozzle, and then the black ink applied over the top of the magenta or yellow inks in a second pass of the inkjet nozzle.
The neutrality of the black ink affects the quality of gray scale. Particularly, when black ink with a significant hue is used, the visibility of the hue color becomes increasingly apparent with each lighter shade of black in the transition from black to white. Therefore, complex images requiring a large gray scale will be of poor quality when produced by black ink with a significant hue and appear as brown, tan, or another intermediate color. Further, the sharpness and detail of the image may be compromised.
Accordingly, investigations continue into developing ink formulations which have improved properties and which do not improve one property at the expense of the others. Thus, the challenge remains to further improve the light fastness, optical density, color neutrality, gray scale quality, and pen performance of black ink jet inks.
It has been recognized that inkjet ink, which has an improved light fastness and optical density is highly desirable. It has further been recognized that inkjet ink, which has an improved neutral color, or hue, and an improved gray scale is highly desirable. It has been also recognized that inkjet ink, which possesses the above-recited improvements while maintaining or improving printability performance is very desirable.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a black ink composition for inkjet printing which includes a mixture of pacified Reactive Black (pRB) 31 and Direct Black (DB) 168 dyes, in an inkjet ink vehicle. Additionally, the present invention provides a black ink composition for inkjet printing which consists essentially of a mixture of pRB 31 and DB 168 dyes in an inkjet ink vehicle. In one aspect, the dyes may be present in a salt form. In another aspect, the salt form of the dyes may be a salt form selected from the group consisting of: sodium salts, lithium salts, TMA salts, potassium salts, and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect of the invention, the pRB 31 may be a hydroxyl form. In another aspect of the invention, the pRB 31 may be a vinyl form. In yet another aspect, the pRB 31 may be a mixture of hydroxyl and vinyl forms.
In one aspect of the invention, the dyes may be present in a ratio of from about 1:10 to about 10:1. In another aspect, the dyes may be present in a ratio of about 1:4 to about 4:1. In yet another aspect, the dyes may be present in a ration of about 1:1. In a further aspect, the dyes may be cumulatively present in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of the ink composition. In yet another aspect of the invention, the dyes may be cumulatively present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 4.5 percent by weight of the ink composition.
In addition to the inkjet ink composition recited above, the present invention encompasses a method for making black inkjet ink. In one aspect, such a method may include the step of combining a pacified reactive black 31 dye with a direct black 168 dye in an inkjet ink vehicle.
There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention so that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and so that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. Other features of the present invention will become clearer from the following detailed description of the invention, taken with the accompanying claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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|
Donate through your pay
Payroll Giving, sometimes known as Give As You Earn, is a great way to make regular donations to Victim Support – and the only way that your donation to us can automatically be worth an extra 45%.*
Each time you are paid, your donation to Victim Support will be deducted from your gross pay. This means that a donation of £5 to Victim Support will increase to £6.25 if you are a 20% taxpayer, £8.33 if you pay tax at 40%, or £9.09 if you are a 45% taxpayer.
Any donations you give are hugely appreciated, and can make a real and vital difference to people’s lives. Find out more about how your gift will help.
*If you pay tax at the highest rate of 45%
Frequently Asked Questions
How does it work?
You can find more information on how the initiative works at Sharing the Caring, who carry out all the necessary administration to let your employer know that you want to start making a donation to Victim Support. Once you have filled out the form, you don’t need to do anything else. It may take a couple of months before you see the donation being taken so please don’t worry if it doesn’t come out of your next pay packet.
Am I eligible to donate by Payroll Giving?
If you’re an employee or pensioner and your employer deducts Pay As You Earn tax from your salary or pension then you are eligible.
What if my employer does not offer Payroll Giving?
You can either ask your payroll or HR department to consider setting up a scheme or you can make a regular donation to Victim Support by direct debit instead.
What if my circumstances change?
You can stop, reduce or increase your payroll donation at any time. To stop your donation, just contact your payroll department and ask them to cancel it. If you’d like to decrease or increase your donation, simply use the online form to make the changes.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
<?php
header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *');
header('Content-type: application/json');
require_once('TwitterAPIExchange.php'); //get it from https://github.com/J7mbo/twitter-api-php
/** Set access tokens here - see: https://dev.twitter.com/apps/ **/
$settings = array(
'oauth_access_token' => "place_token_here",
'oauth_access_token_secret' => "place_secret_here",
'consumer_key' => "place_key_here",
'consumer_secret' => "place_consumer_key_here"
);
$twitter_username = $_GET['user'];
$ta_url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json';
$getfield = '?screen_name='.$twitter_username;
$requestMethod = 'GET';
$twitter = new TwitterAPIExchange($settings);
$follow_count=$twitter->setGetfield($getfield)
->buildOauth($ta_url, $requestMethod)
->performRequest();
$data = json_decode($follow_count, true);
$followers_count=$data[0]['user']['followers_count'];
$json_array = array('followers'=>$followers_count);
echo json_encode($json_array);
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Experimental studies on myocardial glucose metabolism of rats with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose.
The myocardial uptake of 18F-FDG was investigated under various conditions, and compared with brain and tumor uptake as a function of blood glucose level. The uptake by the heart of normal feeding rats was rapid and remained essentially unchanged up to 2 h after 18F-FDG injection, approximately 3%-4% dose/g tissue. On the other hand, the myocardial uptake of fasted rats was significantly lower than that of control rats throughout the course of the study, and it was about 0.3%-0.4% dose/g tissue. Myocardial uptake of 18F-FDG was relatively constant at glucose levels under about 120 mg/100 ml and increased steeply at higher blood glucose levels. In contrast, brain uptake decreased linearly with increasing levels of blood glucose, revealing a strong negative correlation between brain uptake of 18F-FDG and blood glucose levels. The tumor uptake pattern remained relatively unchanged, irrespective of blood glucose levels. It was revealed that the glucose demands of brain, heart, and tumor were entirely different. After a glucose load, the myocardial uptake of fasted rats increased only slightly from 0.4% to 0.6% dose/g tissue, in spite of transitional hyperglycemia. In contrast, insulin caused myocardial uptake to increase extraordinarily, although it caused a decrease in blood glucose levels.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
Arduino Assembler programming: Nothing happens
Hi StackOverflow community,
I am trying to program my old Arduino Duemilanove Board (Atmega 168V-10PU) in Assembler. I tried it a few times before but everytime the code was not executed. So i tried to program an equivalent test program in C, and it worked. Here it is:
// file led.c
#include <avr/io.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRB = 0xFF;
PORTB = 0xFF;
while (1) {
asm("nop\n");
}
return 0;
}
The asm dump of the compiler results in (shortened),
ldi r24,lo8(-1) ; tmp44,
out 0x4,r24 ; MEM[(volatile uint8_t *)36B], tmp44
out 0x5,r24 ; MEM[(volatile uint8_t *)37B], tmp44
which works and activates the LED at Arduino Pin 13 (AVR pin PB5).
But when I use this asm file,
// file led.S
#include "avr/io.h"
.global main
main:
ldi r24, 0xFF
out DDRB, r24
out PORTB, r24
end:
jmp end
the compiler dump results in (shortened),
ldi r24, 0xFF
out ((0x04) + 0x20), r24
out ((0x05) + 0x20), r24
what might explain why nothing happens.
In addition here are the makefiles for the C version and the Assembler version
Thanks for helping!
EDIT: Here are also the full assembler dump files of the C version and the Assembler version
EDIT 2: I looked up the register addresses in the include file iom168.h, which references to iomx8.h, where it says #define PORTB _SFR_IO8 (0x05). The compiler follows the include chain
io.h -> iom168.h -> iomx8.h
io.h -> common.h -> sfr_defs.h
In sfr_defs.h is written:
#define _SFR_IO8(io_addr) ((io_addr) + __SFR_OFFSET)
A few more lines upwards the offset is defined:
#ifndef __SFR_OFFSET
/* Define as 0 before including this file for compatibility with old asm
sources that don't subtract __SFR_OFFSET from symbolic I/O addresses. */
# if __AVR_ARCH__ >= 100
# define __SFR_OFFSET 0x00
# else
# define __SFR_OFFSET 0x20
# endif
#endif
(Sorry for the formatting)
Any idea where this error comes from?
A:
You should use the helper macros _SFR_IO_ADDR() and _SFR_MEM_ADDR() to access SFRs using i/o and memory instructions, respectively, because they have different addresses in the two namespaces. The default is apparently memory mapped, but don't count on it.
As such your code could look like:
#include "avr/io.h"
.global main
main:
ldi r24, 0xFF
out _SFR_IO_ADDR(DDRB), r24
out _SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTB), r24
end:
jmp end
Or, you can switch to memory mapped access:
#include "avr/io.h"
.global main
main:
ldi r24, 0xFF
sts _SFR_MEM_ADDR(DDRB), r24
sts _SFR_MEM_ADDR(PORTB), r24
end:
jmp end
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Show HN: Unskew My Search, a web extension for peaking into the Google black box - Unskew
https://www.unskewmysearch.com/
======
Unskew
Unskew My Search is an experimental browser extension that seeks to help you
discover how your personal search results are being skewed by Google
recommendation algorithms.
Problem: Google notoriously collects and leverages an immense amount of user
data to better improve ad targeting, click through rates, and ultimately their
bottom line. These algorithms are largely a black box, meaning we as users
don’t have insight into how our personal data is being leveraged within them.
Unskew is an attempt to identify how our search results are being impacted by
unique data associated with our accounts.
How it works: When a Google search is run with the extension installed, Unskew
takes the search term and sends it to our servers. From there, we use a
network of proxies to run the same search from a user agent with no connection
to you or your account. We scrape these unaffiliated results and return them
to your browser where the extension compares them to the results you yourself
received.
Hypothesis: By controlling for the variable of user identifying information
and removing it from the equation, disparities in search results represent
attempts by the recommendation algorithm to personally tailor results.
Identifying the extent to which this occurs is vitally important, given
Google’s near monopoly on the search space. Potential negative impacts could
involve users increasingly becoming encased in an echo chamber of their own
making in order to maximize click through rates, or could indicate the
willingness to engage in even wider scale manipulation of search results
across user accounts which are more difficult to detect.
Feedback: We hope to hear and engage with feedback regarding our methodology,
UX, and how this tech could be better leveraged to benefit users and the UX,
and answer any questions. Outside of our immediate peer network this is our
first attempt at gaining wider feedback.
------
na-na
I tried it on firefox and chromium without another extension, it doesn't seem
to work and only shows the message meeasuring skewing...
------
evanmaynard1
If it's mostly focused at news, why doesn't it work on google's news tab?
|
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Can’t stand another pack bending just from walking with it in your pocket? This Paper case serves a single purpose: keep your pack of Rolling Papers safe and sturdy. Store and keep your papers safe in these tins when on the move. The Paper Case has a hinged lid that snaps securely in place when you put your papers inside. It’s constructed from metal to keep your papes safe from the other objects in your pocket, backpack, car – wherever! This is a must-have for serious RYO'rs..
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Q:
iOS and Google api
I am developing an app that will make a google search from a text input entered by the user.
My question is, do i need to use the google api or is it possible to just make a URL fetch with the user text, like so:
user entered "Skype"
NSURLSessionConfiguration * config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
NSURLSession * session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:config];
NSURLRequest * request = [[NSURLRequest alloc]initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.google.com/search?q=%@"], userInput];
NSURLSessionDataTask *data = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
NSDictionary *theDic = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@", theDic);
}];
[data resume];
and in the returned data i will get all the results from the search "Skype".
Is it possible?
thanks,
A:
You're definitely going to want to use the actual API. You'll need to sign up and get an API key. Using the regular web search URL will give you back a webpage as a result, which is probably not want you want for interacting with in an iOS app.
Here is a link to the API and here is a link to this specific API call.
Your query will look something like this:
https://www.googleapis.com/customsearch/v1?key=<YOUR API KEY>&q=<YOUR QUERY>&cx=<CUSTOM SEARCH ENGINE ID>
Here is an answer with more info about the Custom Search API.
|
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The NHL has released the officiating roster for the 2016-17 season. In case you missed it, we’ve reported on the new hirings. Here’s a summary of the changes in stripes for the upcoming season:
Promotions
2 – Jon McIsaac
7 – Garrett Rank
30 – Kendrick Nicholson
52 – Shandor Alphonso*
64 – Brandon Gawryletz*
87 – Devin Berg*
*No number change
It will be somewhat strange to see the ol’ #7, last worn by Hall-of-Famer Bill McCreary, back out there on the ice this season.
Read more on this year’s promotions.
New Hires
41 – Cameron Voss
44 – Furman South
45 – Peter MacDougall
47 – Pierre Lambert
48 – Chris Schlenker
81 – Ryan Daisy
97 – Kory Nagy
Learn more about Daisy, Lambert, MacDougall, and Schlenker and about Nagy, South, and Voss.
New Numbers
Aside from the promoted referees, who have all changed numbers, we have one veteran official making a number swap.
Referee Kyle Rehman, who wore 37 during his NHL career, will move to 10 – a number last worn by the now-retired Paul Devorski.
Retirements
Of course, all those new names and numbers are taking the place of the referees and linesmen not returning to the NHL for the 2016-17 season.
Referees Greg Kimmerly, Dennis Larue, and Rob Martell all hung up the skates last season, as did linesmen Mike Cvik, Brad Lazarowich, and Andy McElman.
Referee Mike Hasenfratz and linesman Thor Nelson were not included on this year’s officiating roster. While no retirement announcement has come out for either, they’ve both been out with long-term injuries. Their absence appears to indicate an end to their respective NHL careers.
Referee Mark Lemelin has been released, and will be officiating in Austria this season.
Updated Roster of NHL Officials for 2016-17
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ALAMEDA — Tenants at an condominium on Bay Farm Island are facing a 133 percent rent increase, a jump that the city’s rent committee found too high and that now will be reviewed by the City Council.
But the proposed increase — from $1,500 to $3,500 in the monthly rent at 3315 Willis Lane — may end up standing because decisions over rent increases at that type of property by both the rent committee and the council are non-binding under the city’s rent ordinance.
The council will consider the case on Tuesday.
Like the Alameda Journal Facebook page for neighborhood news and conversation from Alameda and beyond.
The dispute is among the first cases from the Rent Review Advisory Commitee that the council has been asked to review since the council adopted a rent stabilization ordinance in March 2016.
The ordinance, which came after weeks of sometimes raucous debate, was adopted as a way to offer tenants protections in the face of the region’s high housing and cost of living costs.
The ordinance does not limit the amount that a landlord can raise rent. But it does require a landlord to notify the city’s rent committee, which mediates disputes between tenants and property owners, if the rent will increase more than 5 percent.
It also requires landlords to provide money to help with a tenant’s moving expenses under some evictions.
The three-bedroom condominium on Bay Farm Island is owned by the Pereira Survivor’s Trust under the Raymond W. and Mildred L. Pereria Living Trust and operated by trustee Alan Statman.
On Nov. 1, Statman notified the city that a rental increase of $2,000 was planned, which prompted tenants Mikk Teeveer and Ingrit Suurhallik to respond, saying they thought a $750 rent increase was reasonable if they were provided with a two-year lease.
Statman told the committee when it considered the case Dec. 4 that as the trustee he has a duty to ensure that the property is productive, while Teeveer took issue with the amount of the increase and said his family needed time to absorb the increase, according to the committee’s minutes.
It was not immediately available how long Teeveer and Suurhallik have lived with their child at the property.
Start your day with the news you need from the Bay Area and beyond.
Sign up for our new Morning Report weekday newsletter.
The committee voted 4-1 that the rent increase should be $750. A few days later Statman told the city that although he did not agree with the decision, he would not appeal it since the decision was non-binding.
The original rent increase of $2,000 has now been implemented, city officials said.
On Dec. 11, the tenants asked the City Council to review the committees’s decision, which will happen Tuesday.
Under the city’s rent ordinance, however, the council’s actions are limited to just reviewing the committee’s determination and, if it finds it’s appropriate, authorizing Mayor Trish Spencer to send a letter to the owners with another non-binding recommendation regarding the increase, according to Edwin Gato, the city’s acting finance director.
The council will meet at 7 p.m. Tuesday at City Hall, 2263 Santa Clara Ave., Alameda.
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Contents
Mirer was born in Goshen, Indiana. At age eight, he competed in the National Punt, Pass and Kick Competition. His father, Ken, was head coach at Goshen High School in Goshen, Indiana but retired before Mirer made the varsity team. Mirer posted 3973 yards and 30 touchdowns in his senior year, 2nd most in national prep history, and eclipsing Jeff George's Indiana High School passing records. Earned Academy of Achievement Award as the top high school football player in the country in 1989, along with being the winner of the Atlanta Touchdown Club's Bobby Dodd Award as the nation's best high school quarterback.
Mirer attended the University of Notre Dame from 1989-1992, accumulating a 29-7-1 record as starter - including 3 bowl games. He began his tenure serving as backup to Tony Rice, then took the reins of the Notre Dame offense in 1990 and led the team to the Orange Bowl. In 1991, Mirer set the single season touchdown record with 18 and was named co-MVP with teammate Jerome Bettis leading Notre Dame past Florida in the 1992 Sugar Bowl. He finished his career at Notre Dame by leading them to victory in the 1993 Cotton Bowl Classic. Mirer accounted for more points running and throwing (350) than any other player in Notre Dame history. He left Notre Dame 1st in career touchdowns with 41, and 2nd all time for total offense, completions, and passing yards; he was invited to play in the East-West Shrine Bowl, and Hula Bowl. Entering the 1993 Draft, he was hyped as the next Joe Montana, who also played college football at Notre Dame. In 2008, Mirer was inducted into the Indiana Football Hall of Fame.
Mirer was selected with the second overall pick in the 1993 draft by the Seattle Seahawks. He signed a five year, $15 million contract. In his rookie year under head coach Tom Flores, he set all time NFL rookie records for attempts, completions & yards, and became only the 3rd rookie quarterback since 1970 to start all of his team's games. He finished his rookie season 5th in the AFC with 274 completions and 2833 yards. He was also runner up in the offensive rookie of the year voting, finishing behind his former backfield teammate from Notre Dame, Jerome Bettis. Those rookie records were eventually broken by Peyton Manning. Over his next 3 seasons in Seattle, Mirer experienced a rapid decline, throwing only 29 touchdowns and 39 interceptions, including 20 during the 1995 season (3 less than he threw in 4 years at Notre Dame).
On February 18, 1997 Mirer was traded with a 4th round pick in the 1997 NFL draft to the Chicago Bears for their 1st round draft pick, later packaged in a trade to the Atlanta Falcons to move up to 3rd overall that year to select Shawn Springs. Mirer signed a three-year, $11.4 million contract with the Bears, but played only seven games with three starts in the 1997 season.
Mirer requested to be released by the Bears in the beginning of the 1998 season, and signed with the Green Bay Packers.[3] Mirer never played a down for Green Bay, which was led by Brett Favre, and was later traded to the New York Jets in 1999 where he replaced an injured Vinny Testaverde as the Jets starter.[4] After only winning 2 of his starts he was benched in favor of Ray Lucas. In 2001 he was signed by the San Francisco 49ers to compete with Jeff Garcia.[1] In 2002, Mirer became the 3rd string quarterback for the Oakland Raiders, and became the starter for part of 2003. In 2004. Mirer was signed by the Detroit Lions, but saw no playing time. Mirer had a 63.5 passer rating, 11,969 passing yards, and 50 touchdown passes before he retired in 2004. Although playing for several teams that did make the playoffs during his career, Mirer never played a single down in the postseason.
Mirer's struggles as quarterback came from what was perceived as subpar football intelligence and inability to throw to his left. Despite an average first season with the Seahawks, in a 12-year career, Mirer never justified being a top draft pick after being hyped as "the next Joe Montana" and has since been labeled one of the biggest busts in NFL history.[5]
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Galaxy on Fire developer Deep Silver Fishlabs cuts 10 jobs
View more
Company
German news site Newsslash claims that the studio had a headcount of 90 employees at the time, meaning it has let around 10% of its workforce go.
No reason has been given by Fishlabs as to why it has made some of its staff redundant. Newsslash simply states that the company is "in a worse position" than it was in 2015 when it began a recruitment drive.
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Hong Seong-ik
Hong Seong-ik (born 1 September 1940) is a former South Korean cyclist. He competed in the team time trial at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1940 births
Category:Living people
Category:South Korean male cyclists
Category:Olympic cyclists of South Korea
Category:Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from South Chungcheong Province
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Mayor Rob Ford may have declared the war on the car over but the battle on the streets may just be beginning.
Just ask cyclist Vincent McMillen, who says he’s been “nicked” by cars twice in the last week.
“I was riding through an intersection, and this driver misjudged their timing as they pulled out onto the street as I passed,” he says. “They hit my back wheel, and I spun out and scraped up my leg on the road.”
McMillen’s tale captures the frustration and fear felt by cyclists and arguably all street users.
“Drivers think we’re making their lives more difficult,” he says. “We have to share the road — they just have to deal with that.”
Star columnist Judith Timson recently captured the anger on the streets, when she commented that as a driver she’s had enough of cyclists breaking the law and endangering motorists and pedestrians.
“We are in the wild west of road sharing in this, the age of ‘the rules are not for me,’ the age of instant gratification,” she wrote.
But on social media, the column unleashed a torrent of outrage from cyclists who felt they had been made a scapegoat in Toronto’s commuting turf war.
“Strange your piece mentions everyone breaks the law, but singles out cyclists as real danger. Yet they don’t kill millions/yr,” tweeted one Toronto cyclist.
So what would it take to get us talking and listening to each other? It won’t be easy and it will take time. McMillen fears people may be killed before things will truly improve. Others say the change is underway but will take time and come one step at a time.
Last week, the city’s board of health met to discuss a series of bike safety recommendations put forward in a report by Toronto’s chief health officer, Dr. David McKeown.
They include: the need for more separated bike lanes, reducing speed limits, developing a bike safety course as part of the provincial elementary and high school curriculum, including information in the Ontario Driver’s Manual on how to share the road safely with cyclists, asking police to start monitoring “ dooring ” collisions and conducting monthly towing blitzes for bicycle lanes.
The city report states that more than 1,000 cyclists a year are injured in collisions with motor vehicles, and in 2010 a third of these collisions led to hospital visits.
Dr. Monica Campbell, one of the report’s authors and a director of public health with the city, is hopeful McMillen’s grim prediction will be wrong.
“The safety of cycling has actually improved over the last decade,” she says. “The number of people in Toronto who reported cycling as their means of commuting increased by 20 per cent, and the rate of fatalities has actually come down.”
But she warns that any infrastructure changes won’t happen overnight.
“Amsterdam didn’t always look the way that it does now,” says Campbell. “A few decades ago it was a lot more like Toronto, a lot more travelled by car.”
“So that city through significant investment in cycling infrastructure has evolved, and so I think there’s tremendous potential in Toronto to emulate that.”
Amsterdam is always held up as a cyclist’s utopia. It is a city where bicycles outnumber people 881,000 to 799,000 — a city where there are only 263,000 cars.
For Amsterdam, the turning point appears to be 1971, when motor vehicles deaths in the Netherlands reached record levels — 3,300 fatalities, 500 of them children.
The toll prompted a series of grassroots protests under the banner Stop de Kindermoord (Stop the Child Murder), aimed at pressuring the Dutch government to make streets safer for everyone.
The government responded with plans to demotorize its cities, improve public transit and create a comprehensive network of bike lanes on busy roads and between urban areas. It created the woonerf (“living space”), to describe a street that puts the needs of pedestrians and cyclists ahead of vehicles.
The Netherlands now has thousands of woonerfs. Toronto has just begun building its first in the West Don Lands.
Today, Amsterdam has more than 400 kilometres of bike paths, and more than 900 kilometres of city roads have restricted speed limits to protect cyclists. In schools, 80 per cent of Grade 6 students take a cycling exam.
Limon Tahira, a spokesperson for the city, says the number of cyclists in Amsterdam has increased by 40 per cent in just the last four years
“We do still have congestion but it would be far worse if everyone drove,” says Tahira. “But right now about 58 per cent of Amsterdammers choose to cycle to work.”
Cycling and, more importantly, street safety have become ingrained in the Dutch culture. A 2013 Canadian study reported that North American cyclists are eight to 30 times more likely to be seriously injured while cycling than their European counterparts.
Lead author Anne Harris, a Ryerson University professor, said Canadian cities must emulate the Amsterdam model to reduce that discrepancy: cut vehicle speeds and put in more segregated bicycle lanes. She said this will have a beneficial ripple effect.
“If people see cycling as a safer activity they would be more encouraged to commute by bike,” said Harris. “This in turn makes them more active and healthy citizens.
“There’s not only a safety-in-numbers feeling when you’re out cycling. But there’s also the theory that if you’re a cyclist yourself, you’re more respectful of fellow cyclists when you do have to drive a car.”
Harris said Toronto lags behind other cities in the building of separated bicycling infrastructure. “We need to do something soon because the volume of people that are moving within the GTA is only increasing.”
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Councillor Denzil Minnan-Wong, chair of the works and infrastructure committee, admits Toronto can do more, “but we’re already spending more on cycling infrastructure since we got elected, than the last government spent in four.
“At $44 million, we’re spending twice as much as a supposedly pro-cycling mayor did.”
In addition to the recent opening of a dedicated cycling lane on Sherbourne St., the city will be constructing additional lanes on Richmond and Adelaide Sts., he said.
“In this whole debate, it’s far too easy to see the cup as half empty. For many cyclists, there will never be enough bike lanes.”
Cyclist McMillen isn’t ashamed to admit that’s exactly what he’d like to see.
“Bike lanes are a fantastic idea and I hope they’d be put everywhere in the city,” he said. “There used to be a bike lane on Jarvis St. and for some reason they decided to take it away and move it to Sherbourne — that cost us all a lot of money.”
Last October, city council voted to remove the $59,000 bike lanes to restore a reversible fifth lane, at a cost of $300,000, to improve commute times for drivers.
Minnan-Wong defended the decision, saying that realistically bike lanes can’t go on every street.
“Cars on the streets are just a reality in the city, congestion is terrible, and we have to protect the north-south route that motorists use to get in and out of the downtown. If you’re driving north you have very limited options.
“So it made no sense to me to use a primary corridor, like Jarvis, to have a bike lane.”
Even the South Central Ontario branch of the Canadian Automobile Association agrees more bike lanes are needed.
“After all, many of our two million members are also cyclists,” says spokeswoman Faye Lyons.
Dylan Reid, co-founder of the pro-pedestrian website Walk Toronto , said the city is doing its best to mediate a peaceful resolution to the turf war by adopting the woonerf concept where different modes of transport can coexist.
“Their Complete Streets policy is addressing how we can share Toronto’s streets equally amongst pedestrians, cyclists and motorists and accommodate everybody.”
The strategy plays down the idea we’re all jockeying for space in the city and seeks to find a middle ground, Reid said.
And in a city that has about two million more residents than Amsterdam, these are admittedly logistical headaches that Dutch city planners haven’t had to face.
Amsterdam, a seventeenth century city with many narrow winding lanes made for the horse and carriage, is better suited to a network of bike lanes compared to Toronto’s grid system of asphalt arteries.
Last October, the Dutch city issued a report outlining the need to improve its infrastructure to contend with the burgeoning number of cyclists on its roads. Bike lanes will be widened, the timing of traffic lights adjusted and about 38,000 parking spaces created at a cost of 57 million euros ($77 million).
McMillen, for one, is not optimistic things will change any time soon in Toronto.
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Cutaneous neoplastic lesions of equids in the central United States and Canada: 3,351 biopsy specimens from 3,272 equids (2000-2010).
To identify epidemiological trends in cutaneous neoplasms affecting equids in central North America and compare them with previously reported trends. Retrospective case series. 3,351 cutaneous biopsy specimens from 3,272 equids with a neoplastic diagnosis. Diagnostic reports from 2 diagnostic laboratories (Colorado State University and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc) were reviewed for frequency of specific lesions and epidemiological trends. Variables included in analyses (if known) were age, sex, breed, geographic location, date of diagnosis, location of neoplasm on the body, and presence or absence of ulceration. Sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma were the 3 most common tumors diagnosed. Tumors associated with UV radiation (SCC, SCC in situ, hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma) were 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 3.0) times as common in biopsy specimens received by Colorado State University than in specimens received by Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc. Appaloosa horses and American Paint horses, respectively, were 7.2 (95% CI, 5.6 to 9.2) and 4.4 (95% CI, 3.6 to 5.4) times as likely as other breeds to have tumors associated with UV radiation. Thoroughbreds were predisposed to cutaneous lymphoma, whereas Arabians were more likely to have melanomas. Draft and pony breeds were 3.1 (95% CI, 1.9 to 5.1) times as likely as other breeds to have benign soft tissue tumors. Morgans and pony breeds more commonly had basal cell tumors. Tumors in the perianal region were significantly more likely to be SCC or melanoma while tumors on the limbs were more likely to be giant cell tumor of soft parts. Signalment, anatomic location of the mass, and geographic location of the horse can be used to help equine practitioners formulate differential diagnoses for cutaneous masses. Further research is necessary to identify the biological basis for the development of many equine cutaneous neoplasms.
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I think most of us know about "you know who" and how he is hooked on the Ho's.
Instead of just judging him and saying he is wrong, maybe he just needs to be given a viable alternative.
My thoughts were that he just needs some more respectable blondes in his life.
So I sent these in to be stabilized and they came back today.
Clean, bubbly blondes with a bit of character to them.
http://i901.photobucket.com/albums/ac219/burlsource/apr12/h003-1.jpg
GlassEye
10-26-2012, 08:21 PM
Those are pretty great. For the record, I agree with "you know who" on the handle choices.
echerub
10-26-2012, 08:57 PM
I like classic handles too :)
I also like the warm tones on these pieces here :)
Dave Martell
10-26-2012, 09:09 PM
I likeeee :thumbsup:
knyfeknerd
10-26-2012, 09:20 PM
Yes!!! Blondes have more fun!
Gentlemen prefer blondes
How many blondes does it take to screw in a lightbulb ???
Does the carpet match the drapes???
chinacats
10-27-2012, 01:00 AM
Is that in the store?
Kriegs
10-27-2012, 02:38 AM
I'm apparently quite out of the loop..I would love if someone could pm and let me know who "you know who" is..
barramonday
10-27-2012, 07:22 AM
Wow , some nice handles there!
scotchef38
10-27-2012, 09:16 AM
What species of wood is it?
l r harner
10-27-2012, 09:23 AM
those are sexy but im still a black or red haired guy (i ll find space for a blond tho with those curves )
mhenry
10-27-2012, 09:28 AM
I like them exotic, but I don't mind the occasional blonde
ecchef
10-27-2012, 10:23 AM
And the inevitable question when it comes to blondes....Does the handle match the ferrule? :whistling:
DeepCSweede
10-27-2012, 10:49 AM
Still waiting for you know who to chime in - Me likey. I have always been preferential to the FUN blond though.
Burl Source
10-27-2012, 02:02 PM
The wood in the photo is the Cascara Sagrada I got this summer. I wasn't sure if it would be suitable for handle material so I dried some and sent it in to be stabilized. The first batch was small just to see what would happen. The wood takes really to stabilizing with a significant weight gain. Plus no visible pores so it should polish up real good. To me it is a lot like quilted maple but cleaner coloring.
I will put some in the store later today if things go as planned.
I hope you know who knows that this was just intended as good natured teasing.
If I offended you, My Apologies.
sachem allison
10-27-2012, 02:03 PM
makes an excellent laxative
Cutty Sharp
10-27-2012, 02:13 PM
Clever post!
I have no idea who this 'you know who' is, but that's nice wood and might also look great in a wa-handle. (Yo's handles are a different story in my book.)
Those are pretty great. For the record, I agree with "you know who" on the handle choices.
I guess you-know-who isn't the only one!
Johnny.B.Good
10-27-2012, 02:25 PM
...might also look great in a wa-handle. (Yo's handles are a different story in my book.)
Wait a second, you would accept this wood on a wa handle but not a yo?
I'm confused...
(Good looking wood, Mark.)
Cutty Sharp
10-27-2012, 02:59 PM
Wait a second, you would accept this wood on a wa handle but not a yo? I'm confused...
Sorry - no, I mean I'm more of a traditionalist with the wa's. To me busier/custom wood looks better on the yo's.
Burl Source
10-27-2012, 04:50 PM
Here is a short video.
While the figure would do well on an octagon shaped handle, I think it would look better on a D or a Western handle myself.
http://youtu.be/mJNdB0QwlKE
Burl Source
10-27-2012, 05:58 PM
These blocks are available now in the web store.
This link will take you to where they are located. (http://www.burlsource.us/servlet/the-Stabilized-Wood-Knife-Handle-Material-cln-Cascara/Categories)
Eamon Burke
10-27-2012, 06:00 PM
Bombshells, they are!
ecchef
10-27-2012, 07:29 PM
makes an excellent laxative
Huh? :scratchhead:
Deckhand
10-27-2012, 08:42 PM
Really nice!
sachem allison
10-27-2012, 10:43 PM
Huh? :scratchhead:
cascara sagrada is used in making laxatives.
Salty dog
10-28-2012, 07:31 AM
It looks kinda like this.
http://i49.photobucket.com/albums/f296/sebcat/DSC00245.jpg
Burl Source
10-28-2012, 02:08 PM
Salty is correct with his photo of the quilted maple guitar.
The Cascara looks just like that but more of an amber hue.
Lucretia
11-06-2012, 02:19 PM
This is some slick looking wood. Got my piece and we've been playing with it--turn it one way, and it looks like there are grooves cut in the wood. The other way makes it look like there are ridges. Incredibly 3D.
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AUSTIN, TX—Predicting a long, hard road ahead before the discourse was in anything approaching satisfactory condition, Texas governor Greg Abbott warned Thursday that it could be decades before the state was fully ready to talk about climate change. “After visiting communities throughout the state, it’s clear there are areas where a serious dialogue on climate change will be next to impossible for at least 20 or 30 years,” said Abbott, adding that while some small pockets had already made small progress in discussing the issue of manmade global warming and its effects, there were sadly still portions of Texas that, even by the most optimistic estimates, might not be prepared for a generation. “Unfortunately, this will be a massive undertaking that we Texans cannot bear alone. It will take the help of the entire country if this state is ever going to have those crucial climate change conversations, and even then, there might be parts of Texas that will never be fully ready.” Abbott went on to say that, if nothing else, he was heartened by several ordinary Texans who said they were determined to talk about climate change even if it took the rest of their lives.
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Het dondert en het bliksemt al een tijdje boven cryptoland. Toegegeven, de laatste week breekt er eindelijk weer een zuinig zomerzonnetje door, maar het is al maanden op een digitaal houtje bijten. Toch heeft Boatsters, het Nederlandse verhuurplatform voor boten (in 63 landen actief) begin juni besloten om 55 cryptomunten te accepteren als betaalmiddel.
Waarom?
Quote belde kort met mede-oprichter Nick Gelevert. ‘Ik draai de vraag liever om: waarom niet? In de botenindustrie zijn wij de eerste die crypto’s accepteren en we merken direct dat we andere, met name, jongere klanten aanspreken. Wij hebben een eigen wallet-to-wallet-systeem ontwikkeld dat zonder tussenkomst van bijvoorbeeld Bitpay alle betalingen verwerkt. Er zijn dus geen extra kosten aan verbonden.’
Leuk, maar de waarde van die muntjes kan flink zakken. ‘Daar hebben we weinig last van. Wij houden de actuele koers tussen de euro en de cryptomunt aan en zetten na betaling de crypto’s direct weer om in euro’s. Heel simpel. We geven de klant gewoon een extra betaalmogelijkheid.’
Maar mensen kopen die cryto’s toch juist in de hoop dat ze over een jaar vertienvoudigd zijn, waardoor ze er juist níet mee gaan betalen? ‘Nee hoor, die gedachte is al verouderd. De jeugd betaalt er steeds makkelijker mee. Als ze vandaag crypto’s uitgeven, dan kunnen ze morgen net zo makkelijk weer nieuwe kopen in de hoop dat de waarde net zo spectaculair stijgt als vorig jaar. En wie weet gebeurt dat ook wel weer.’
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220 F.Supp.2d 1330 (2002)
John KLEJA, Plaintiff,
v.
Jo Anne B. BARNHART, Commissioner of Social Security,[1] Defendant.
No. 6:01-CV-160-ORL-JGG.
United States District Court, M.D. Florida, Orlando Division.
February 14, 2002.
*1331 *1332 Mary Ann Sloan, Chief Counsel, Dennis R. Williams, Deputy Chief Counsel, Paul Jones, Assistant Regional Counsel, Office of the General Counsel, Region IV, Social Security Administration, Atlanta, GA.
Susan Roark Waldron, Assistant United States Attorney, Tampa.
ORDER
GLAZEBROOK, United States Magistrate Judge.
Plaintiff appeals to the district court from a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security [the "Commissioner"] finding that the Commissioner had properly applied a workers' compensation offset to his back benefits and that his disability insurance benefits would be subject to off-set with the month of attainment of age 62.
I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On August 2, 1993, Plaintiff protectively filed his claim for disability benefits, claiming disability as of November 9, 1992. R. 12. The claim was denied initially and on reconsideration, but by an "on the record" Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) decision of February 27, 1995, Plaintiff was found disabled beginning November 9, 1992. R. 12. Subsequent to the favorable ALJ decision, *1333 Plaintiff received an award letter dated April 11, 1995, stating that a weekly rate of $425.00 was used to compute the workers' compensation offset and that the offset would apply beginning May 1993. Plaintiff filed a request for reconsideration, and after the reconsideration denial, a request for an on-the-record review by an ALJ, challenging these determinations. R.13.
On January 22, 1997, the Honorable Apolo Garcia issued a decision finding that the application of workers' compensation offset was correct, that the Commissioner was not bound by a subsequent addendum to the lump sum settlement dated April 14, 1994, and that Plaintiff's monthly disability benefits would be subject to offset effective with the month Plaintiff attained age 62. R. 107-14. Plaintiff requested review of this hearing decision. R. 116-124. In a decision dated June 18, 1999, the Appeals Council vacated the 1997 hearing decision "because neither the workers' compensation settlement document nor the first addendum are in the record," and remanded the case to the ALJ for further proceedings. R. 125-127.
In a decision dated September 18, 1999, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff's benefits were subject to offset using the periodic weekly rate received from May 1993 to July 1993. R.12-20. He further determined that the Commissioner, in computing the offset applicable from August 1993 through February 1995, properly relied on the weekly rate of $418.27 specified in the original addendum to Plaintiff's July 20, 1993, lump sum settlement agreement. The ALJ also found that the Commissioner was not bound by the later, April 14, 1994, addendum, and that Plaintiff's disability insurance benefits would be subject to offset with the month he attained age 62. R. 12-20. This became the final decision of the Commissioner when the Appeals Council determined on December 29, 2000, that there was no basis for granting Plaintiff's request for review. R. 4-5.
On February 6, 2001, Plaintiff timely appealed the Appeals Council's decision to deny review to the United States District Court. Docket No. 1. On September 21, 2001, Plaintiff filed a memorandum of law in support of his appeal of the denial of review. Docket No. 11. On November 20, 2001, the Commissioner filed a memorandum in support of her decision regarding the workers' compensation offset. Docket No. 12. This Court heard oral argument on January 30, 2002. Docket No. 17. The appeal is ripe for determination.
II. THE PARTIES' POSITIONS
Plaintiff assigns two errors to the Commissioner. Plaintiff claims that the Commissioner erred in failing to use the rate specified in the 1994 addendum to the lump sum settlement in computing Plaintiff's workers' compensation offset. Second, Plaintiff claims that the Commissioner erred by concluding that his disability insurance benefits would be subject to off-set with the month of attainment of age 62. The Commissioner argues that substantial evidence supports her calculation of the workers' compensation offset.
III. THE STANDARD OF REVIEW
A. Affirmance
The Commissioner's findings of fact are conclusive if supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla i.e., the evidence must do more than merely create a suspicion of the existence of a fact, and must include such relevant *1334 evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support the conclusion. Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1560 (11th Cir.1995), citing Walden v. Schweiker, 672 F.2d 835, 838 (11th Cir.1982) and Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401, 91 S.Ct. 1420, 28 L.Ed.2d 842 (1971); accord, Edwards v. Sullivan, 937 F.2d 580, 584 n. 3 (11th Cir.1991).
Where the Commissioner's decision is supported by substantial evidence, the district court will affirm, even if the reviewer would have reached a contrary result as finder of fact, and even if the reviewer finds that the evidence preponderates against the Commissioner's decision. Edwards, 937 F.2d at 584 n. 3; Barnes v. Sullivan, 932 F.2d 1356, 1358 (11th Cir.1991). The district court must view the evidence as a whole, taking into account evidence favorable as well as unfavorable to the decision. Foote, 67 F.3d at 1560; accord, Lowery v. Sullivan, 979 F.2d 835, 837 (11th Cir.1992) (court must scrutinize the entire record to determine reasonableness of factual findings); Parker v. Bowen, 793 F.2d 1177 (11th Cir. 1986) (court also must consider evidence detracting from evidence on which Commissioner relied).
B. Reversal and Remand
Congress has empowered the district court to reverse the decision of the Commissioner without remanding the cause. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)(Sentence Four). The district court will reverse a Commissioner's decision on plenary review if the decision applies incorrect law, or if the decision fails to provide the district court with sufficient reasoning to determine that the Commissioner properly applied the law. Keeton v. Dep't of Health and Human Servs., 21 F.3d 1064, 1066 (11th Cir. 1994); accord Cornelius v. Sullivan, 936 F.2d 1143, 1145 (11th Cir.1991); Martin v. Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir. 1990). This Court may reverse the decision of the Commissioner and enter an order awarding disability benefits where the Commissioner has already considered the essential evidence and it is clear that the cumulative effect of the evidence establishes disability without any doubt. Davis v. Shalala, 985 F.2d 528, 534 (11th Cir.1993); accord, Bowen v. Heckler, 748 F.2d 629, 631, 63637 (11th Cir.1984).
The district court may remand a case to the Commissioner for a rehearing under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); under sentence six of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); or under both. Jackson v. Chater, 99 F.3d 1086, 108992, 1095, 1098 (11th Cir.1996). To remand under sentence four, the district court must either find that the Commissioner's decision is not supported by substantial evidence, or that the Commissioner incorrectly applied the law relevant to the disability claim. Jackson, 99 F.3d at 109091 (remand appropriate where ALJ failed to develop a full and fair record of claimant's residual functional capacity); accord Brenem v. Harris, 621 F.2d 688, 690 (5th Cir.1980) (remand appropriate where record was insufficient to affirm, but also was insufficient for district court to find claimant disabled).
Where the district court cannot discern the basis for the Commissioner's decision, a sentence-four remand may be appropriate to allow her to explain the basis for her decision. Falcon v. Heckler, 732 F.2d 827, 829-30 (11th Cir.1984) (remand was appropriate to allow ALJ to explain his basis for determining that claimant's depression did not significantly affect her ability to work) (treating psychologist *1335 acknowledged that claimant had improved in response to treatment and could work in a supportive, non-competitive, tailor-made work environment). On remand under sentence four, the ALJ should review the case on a complete record, including any new material evidence. Diorio v. Heckler, 721 F.2d 726, 729 (11th Cir.1983) (necessary for ALJ on remand to consider psychiatric report tendered to Appeals Council); Reeves v. Heckler, 734 F.2d 519, 522 n. 1 (11th Cir.1984) (ALJ should consider on remand the need for orthopedic evaluation). After a sentence-four remand, the district court enters a final and appealable judgment immediately, and then loses jurisdiction. Jackson, 99 F.3d at 1089, 1095.
In contrast, sentence six of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) provides:
The court ... may at any time order additional evidence to be taken before the Commissioner of Social Security, but only upon a showing that there is new evidence which is material and that there is good cause for the failure to incorporate such evidence into the record in a prior proceeding;
42 U.S.C. § 405(g). To remand under sentence six, the claimant must establish that: 1.) there is new, non-cumulative evidence; 2.) the evidence is material relevant and probative so that there is a reasonable possibility that it would change the administrative result; and 3.) there is good cause for failure to submit the evidence at the administrative level. See Jackson, 99 F.3d at 1090-92; Cannon v. Bowen, 858 F.2d 1541, 1546 (11th Cir.1988); Smith v. Bowen, 792 F.2d 1547, 1550 (11th Cir.1986); Caulder v. Bowen, 791 F.2d 872, 877 (11th Cir.1986); see also Keeton, 21 F.3d at 1068.
A sentence-six remand may be warranted even in the absence of an error by the Commissioner if new, material evidence becomes available to the claimant. Jackson, 99 F.3d at 1095. With a sentence-six remand, the parties must return to the district court after remand to file modified findings of fact. Jackson, 99 F.3d at 1095. The district court retains jurisdiction pending remand, and does not enter a final judgment until after the completion of remand proceedings.[2]Id.
IV. THE LAW
A. Definition of Disability
The law defines disability as the inability to do any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months. 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(i), 423(d)(1); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1505. The impairment must be severe, making the claimant unable to do her previous work, or any other substantial gainful activity which exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1505 404.1511.
B. Social Security and Workers' Compensation Offsets
The Social Security Act provides that when an individual is eligible for both Social *1336 Security disability benefits and workers' compensation benefits, the combined benefit amount cannot exceed 80 percent of the individual's pre-disability earnings. 42 U.S.C. § 424a; see Swain v. Schweiker, 676 F.2d 543, 547 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 991, 103 S.Ct. 349, 74 L.Ed.2d 388 (1982). Other circuits have consistently held that an ordinary, lump sum award is to be regarded as a substitute for periodic payments, and, thus, subject to the federal offset. Campbell v. Shalala, 14 F.3d 424 (8th Cir.1994); Black v. Schweiker, 670 F.2d 108 (9th Cir.1982).
The Social Security Act provides that an offset due to workers' compensation benefits applies during any month prior to the month the worker attains age 65, if the worker's total disability insurance benefits and workers' compensation benefits exceed eighty percent of his pre-disability benefits, and the offset reduces federal benefits by the excess. 42 U.S.C. § 424a(a). There is, however, an exception for "reverse offset" states, i.e., states whose laws provided for the workers' compensation benefits to be reduced when the worker also received Social Security disability benefits, and the state's law so provided on February 18, 1981.
Florida Statutes contain a reverse offset provision; however, § 440.15(10)(c) provides that reverse offset does not apply (and no workers' compensation benefits are reduced by Florida) until the SSA determines the amount payable to the employee and the employee has begun receiving such Social Security benefit payments. Fla. Stat. § 440.15(10)(c) (2001). Florida's reverse offset provisions apply until the month the recipient attains age 62. Id. at § 440.15(10)(a).
The Courts have noted Congress' purpose in avoiding a double offset so both state and federal plans would not offset the benefits provided by each other. See Swain, 676 F.2d at 547 (11th Cir.), cert denied, 459 U.S. 991, 103 S.Ct. 349, 74 L.Ed.2d 388 (1982). To fulfill this purpose, the Social Security workers' compensation offset applies (1) to benefits paid for the period prior to Social Security's adjudication because Florida would not have taken an offset during that period; and (2) to the period following the month an individual attains age 62, when Florida's reverse offset would cease to apply. See 42 U.S.C. § 424a; Fla. Stat. Ann. § 440.15(10)(a) and (c).
Title 42 U.S.C. § 424a(b) authorizes the Commissioner of Social Security to determine the appropriate method of prorating a lump sum award. The Commissioner has adopted Program Operations Manual System (POMS) guidelines that explain how SSA adjudicators must calculate the appropriate benefit. The POMS establish a descending order of priority for prorating a lump sum award: (1) the rate specified in the award; (2) the periodic rate paid prior to the lump sum award if no rate is specified in the award; or (3) the state workers' compensation maximum in effect in the year of injury. POMS DI 52001.55C.4.
V. APPLICATION AND ANALYSIS
A. The Facts
Plaintiff sustained a work related injury on January 4, 1989. R. 149. Following his injury, Plaintiff received periodic workers' compensation benefits from January 5, 1989, until July 20, 1993. R. 108. Plaintiff settled his workers' compensation claim for a lump sum of $180,000.00, and, on July 20, 1993, the Judge of Compensation Claims (JCC) approved the June 15, 1993, *1337 stipulation for settlement and accompanying addendum. R. 143-156. Each page of the stipulation, addendum, and accompanying Affidavit of Release is initialed and dated by Plaintiff. R. 128-39, 143-56. The stipulation provided for a weekly compensation rate of $362.00. The addendum stated that the lump sum settlement contemplated a working life expectancy of seven years to age 65, thus providing for a weekly compensation rate of $418.72. R. 144, 156.
In August 1993, Plaintiff applied for Social Security disability benefits. R. 168. Plaintiff sought to amend the lump sum settlement in a second addendum dated April 12, 1994. R. 39. This addendum altered the terms of the 1993 stipulation, stating that the net settlement of $152,000 contemplated a working life expectancy of seventeen years to age 75, thus lowering the weekly compensation rate to $172.21. R. 39.
After Plaintiff was awarded disability, the Commissioner calculated his back benefits and workers' compensation setoff. In determining how to prorate the workers' compensation settlement for purposes of offset, the Commissioner applied the rate specified in the original 1993 addendum appended to the Joint Petition and Stipulation when the JCC approved the Petition. Plaintiff disputed this determination, claiming the Commissioner should have used the rate specified in the 1994 addendum, or the amount in the original 1993 Joint Petition and Stipulation.
B. The Analysis
The ALJ properly found that the Commissioner's reliance on the weekly rate of $418.27, specified in the original 1993 addendum of the workmen's compensation settlement agreement, to compute the workmen's compensation offset applicable beginning August 1993 through February 1995, was within the Commissioner's discretionary authority under 20 C.F.R. § 404.408(g). R. 19, Finding No. 5. The ALJ also correctly found that the Commissioner was not bound by the later addendum to the stipulated lump sum agreement signed on April 14, 1994. R. 20, finding 6. Furthermore, the ALJ correctly found that the Commissioner's notice that the Plaintiff's disability benefits would be subject to offset with the month of attainment of age 62 was correct. The ALJ's decision is supported by substantial evidence and is decided by the proper legal standards.
The ALJ's determination that Social Security correctly applied the rate specified in the original 1993 addendum was consistent with the Program Operations Manual System (POMS) guidelines explaining how SSA adjudicators must calculate the appropriate benefit. See POMS DI 52001.555C.4. Consistent with POMS guidelines, the SSA and ALJ applied the rate specified in (the addendum to) the lump sum award.
The ALJ decision and reconsideration determination both questioned whether the 1994 addendum was contemplated as part of the original settlement agreement. The ALJ referenced Social Security Ruling 97-3, which states that the "SSA will evaluate both the original and amended stipulations and disregard any language which has the effect of altering the terms of the original lump-sum settlement where the terms in the amended document are illusory or conflict with the terms of the first stipulation concerning the actual intent of the parties, and where, as here, the terms in the amended document would have the effect of circumventing the WC offset provisions of section 224 of the Act."
*1338 It is clear that the primary, if not sole, purpose of the 1994 addendum was to circumvent the workers' compensation offset provisions of § 224 of the Act, as the sole change was to increase Plaintiff's working life expectancy.[3] The effects of that sole change would increase the number of years over which the lump sum would be prorated, decrease the weekly compensation rate, and decrease the amount of offset to which Social Security would be entitled. Thus, the terms of the second addendum, if applied, would have the effect of circumventing the offset provisions of § 424a and of congressional intent to avoid duplication of federal and state payments based on disability. Accordingly, the ALJ properly applied the law and his determination to apply the terms of the 1993 addendum, instead of the 1994 addendum, is supported by substantial evidence.
The SSA applied the offset to Plaintiff's past due benefits from May 1993 through March 1995 (the month Plaintiff's benefits were processed) because Plaintiff received workers' compensation benefits for that period. The SSA did not apply the offset to ongoing benefits, but indicated its intent to reimpose the offset in January 1997 when Plaintiff attained age 62.
The reinstatement of the offset when Plaintiff attained age 62 was pursuant to, and consistent with, federal and Florida state law. Essentially, the SSA is permitted to take an offset pursuant to federal law if a reverse offset does not apply until a benefits recipient reaches age 65. 42 U.S.C. § 424a(a). In Florida, the reverse offset applies until Plaintiff reaches age 62. Fla.Stat. § 440.15(10). Accordingly, the SSA is permitted to reinstate the offset from the month Plaintiff reaches age 62 until he reaches age 65. Thus, the ALJ correctly found the Commissioner's notice reinstating the offset with the month of attainment of age 62 was proper and his decision is supported by substantial evidence.
VI. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, the decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED. The Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment accordingly and to close the file.
NOTES
[1] Jo Anne B. Barnhart became Commissioner of Social Security on November 9, 2001. Pursuant to Rule 25(d)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Jo Anne B. Barnhart should be substituted, therefore, for Larry G. Massanari, as the defendant in this suit. No further action need be taken to continue this suit by reason of the last sentence of section 205(g) of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
[2] The time for filing an application for attorneys fees under the Equal Access to Justice Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2412 ["EAJA"] differs in remands under sentence four and sentence six. Jackson, 99 F.3d at 1089, 1095 n. 4 and surrounding text. In a sentence-four remand, the EAJA application must be filed after the entry of judgment before the district court loses jurisdiction. Id. In a sentence-six remand, the time runs from the post-remand entry-of-judgment date in the district court. Id.
[3] The Court notes that Plaintiff conceded at oral argument that there was no evidence in the record supporting any other intent, but rather, that after Plaintiff filed his Social Security disability application in 1993, the Joint Petition and Stipulation was amended in an attempt to avoid this very problem.
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author:
- |
J. P. B. C. de Melo$^{(a)}$, A. E. A. Amorim$^{(b)}$, Lauro Tomio$^{(c)}$ and T.Frederico$^{(d)}$\
$^{(a)}$ Division de Physique Théorique, Institut de Physique Nucléaire, 91406 Orsay CEDEX, and Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Particules Elémentaires,\
Universté Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieau, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France\
$^{(b)}$ Faculdade de Tecnologia de Jahu, CEETPS, Jahu, Brasil.\
$^{(c)}$ Instituto de Física Teórica, UNESP\
01405 São Paulo, SP, Brasil\
$^{(d)}$ Dept. de Física, Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica,CTA\
12.228-900 S. José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
title: '**Relativistic Bound States in 2+1 and 1+1 Dimensions in the Null-Plane [^1]**'
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1.5pt
\#1[/\#1]{}
The Faddeev-like equation for the component of the three-boson vertex for a relativistic contact interaction is [@fred92] $$\begin{aligned}
v(q^\mu)=2\tau(M_2) \int \frac{d^nk}{(2\pi)^n}
\frac{i}{k^2-M^2+i{\varepsilon}} \frac{i}{(P_3-q-k)^2-M^2+i{\varepsilon}}v(k^\mu),
\label{1}\end{aligned}$$ where $P^\mu_3=(M_{3B},0,0,0)$ is the three-boson four-momentum in the center of mass system, $n$ is the dimension of the space-time, the mass of the two-boson subsystem is given by $M_2^2=(P_3-q)^2$ and the single boson mass is $M$. The factor 2 comes from symmetrization of the total vertex.
The total three-boson vertex is the sum of three Faddeev components in which each boson is spectator once [@fred92]. The two-boson scattering amplitude, $\tau(M_2)$, enters in the kernel of the integral equation for the vertex in Eq.(\[1\]). It is easily obtained as: $$\begin{aligned}
\tau^{(n)}(M_2)= \left\{i\lambda^{-1} - B^{(n)}(M_2)\right\}^{-1},
\label{2}\end{aligned}$$ where $\lambda$ is the coupling constant of the zero-range interaction, $M_2$ is the mass of the two boson system and $B(M_2)$ is the kernel of the integral equation for the scattering amplitude $$\begin{aligned}
B^{(n)}(M_2)=-\int \frac{d^nk}{(2\pi)^n}
\left\{\left(k^2-M^2+i{\varepsilon}\right)\left((P-k)^2-M^2+i{\varepsilon}\right)
\right\}^{-1},
\label{3}\end{aligned}$$ where $M$ is the boson mass and $P^\mu=(M_2,0,0,0)$ .
The value of $\lambda$ is chosen such that the two-boson system has one bound-state. The scattering amplitude, Eq.(\[2\]), has a pole at the bound-state mass $(M_{2B})$, which yields $$\begin{aligned}
i\lambda^{-1}= B^{(n)}(M_{2B}).
\label{4}\end{aligned}$$
In two dimensions the two-boson scattering amplitude for $M_2 \ < \ 2M$ is $$\begin{aligned}
\tau^{(2)}(M_2) = - 2\pi i \left\{
\frac{atan\left(2\beta(M_{2B})\right)^{-1}}
{M^{2}_{2B}\beta(M_{2B})}
- \frac{atan\left(2\beta(M_{2})\right)^{-1}}
{M^{2}_{2}\beta(M_{2})}
\right\}^{-1} \ ,
\label{5}\end{aligned}$$ where $ \beta(M_2)=\sqrt{\frac{M^2}{M_{2}^2}-\frac14}$ .
In three dimensions the scattering amplitude is $$\begin{aligned}
\tau^{(3)}(M_2)=- 8\pi i \left\{ M^{-1}_{2B}
ln\left(\frac{2M+M_{2B}}{2M-M_{2B}}
\right)
-M^{-1}_{2} ln\left(\frac{2M+M_{2}}{2M-M_{2}}
\right)
\right\}^{-1} \ .
\label{6} \end{aligned}$$ For our purpose of the bound-state calculation is enough to know $\tau^{(n)}(M_2)$ for $M_2 < 2M$ .
The momentum variables in the integral equation are the momenta in the null-plane for an on-mass-shell particle, $q^+$ and $q_\perp$ [@fred92]. The transversal momentum is needed in three space-time dimensions.
Let us discuss the limits of the variables $y=\frac{q^+}{M_{3B}}$ and $q_\perp$. In 1+1 space-time dimensions only the momentum fraction is enough to describe the spectator boson. The mass of the two-boson subsystem must be real and in 1+1 dimensions it implies $$\begin{aligned}
(M_2)^2\ = \ (M_{3B}-q^+)\left(M_{3B}-\frac{
M^2}{q^+}\right) \ > \ 0 \ .
\label{7}\end{aligned}$$ From the above inequality follows $ 1\ > \ y \ > \ \frac{M^2}{M^2_{3B}} \ . $
In 2+1 dimensions, we deduce the range of values of the perpendicular momentum allowed by the reality of the mass of the two-boson subsystem. Then $$\begin{aligned}
(M_2)^2\ = \ (M_{3B}-q^+)\left(M_{3B}-\frac{q^2_\perp
+M^2}{q^+}\right)-q^2_\perp \ > \ 0 \ .
\label{8}\end{aligned}$$ Solving the inequality for $q^2_\perp$ , we obtain $ q^2_\perp\ < \ (1-y)(M_{3B}^2y-M^2) \ . $ The limits for $y$ are $ 1 \ > \ y \ > \ \frac{M^2}{M^2_{3B}} \ , $ and the lower bound comes from $q^2_\perp \ > \ 0$.
The equation for the Faddeev component of the vertex in 1+1 space-time dimensions is obtained as the result of the $k^-$ integration in the momentum loop of Eq.(\[1\]). We also use Eq.(\[5\]) and the limit in the internal momentum fraction $x$ $$\begin{aligned}
v(y)=\frac{i}{2\pi}\tau^{(2)}(M_2) \int^{1-y}_\frac{M^2}{M^2_{3B}}\frac{dx}{x(1-y-x)}
\frac{v(x)}{M^2_{3B}-M^2_{03}},
\label{9}\end{aligned}$$ where $(M_2)^2$ is given by Eq.(\[7\]) and the free mass of the virtual three-boson state in 1+1 dimensions is: $$\begin{aligned}
M^2_{03}=
\frac{M^2}{x}+
\frac{M^2}{y} + \frac{M^2}{1-y-x} \ .
\label{10}\end{aligned}$$
The equation for the Faddeev component of the vertex in 2+1 space-time dimensions is found after the $k^-$ integration of in the momentum loop of Eq.(\[1\]), $$\begin{aligned}
v(y,\vec q_\perp)=\pi^{-2}
\tau^{(3)}(M_2)
\int^{1-y}_\frac{M^2}{M^2_{3B}}\frac{dx}{x(1-y-x)}
\int^{k_\perp^{max}}_{-k_\perp^{max}}d^2k_\perp
\frac{v(x,\vec k_\perp)}{M^2_{3B}-M^2_{03}},
\label{11}\end{aligned}$$ where $M_2$ is given by Eq.(\[8\]), as well as $ k_\perp^{max}=\sqrt{(1-x)(M_{3B}^2x-M^2)}$ . The mass of the virtual three-boson state is: $$\begin{aligned}
M^2_{03}=
\frac{k^2_\perp+M^2}{x}+
\frac{q^2_\perp+M^2}{y} + \frac{(q+k)^2_\perp +M^2}{1-y-x} \ .
\label{12}\end{aligned}$$
The dependence of $v$ on $q^-$ is not specified because the spectator boson is on mass-shell. $q^+$ and $\vec q_\perp$ describe the spectator boson propagation. The relativistic equations in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions, have a lower bound for the mass of the three-boson system which comes from the limits on the $x$ integration and the condition $y>\frac{M^2}{M^2_{3B}}$ which implies $ M_{3B}> \sqrt{2}M \ . $ The same limit was obtained in 3+1 dimensions in [@fred92].
The Faddeev component of the ground state vertex, in 2+1 dimensions is rotationally symmetric in the x-y plane in Eq.(\[11\]). The mass of the boson gives the scale of the system. Here, the solution is presented for $M=1$. In Fig.(1), the numerical results for the ground-state binding energies $(E_{3B}=M_{2B}+M-M_{3B})$ of the three-boson system are shown in two and three-dimensions. In the nonrelativistic limit, for $E_{2B}=0$, the results approach the well-known values [@dodd].
In summary, we give an example of how null-plane dynamics can be elaborated. We develop a zero-range model of the three-boson bound state in the null-plane and solve numerically the dynamical equation for the ground-state in 1+1 and 2+1 space-time dimensions.
This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa - CNPq and Fundação de Amparo a pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP. J. P. B. C. de Melo is a FAPESP-Brazil fellow (contract 97/13902-8).
[99]{} T.Frederico, Phys. Lett. [**B282**]{}, (1992) 409; W.R.B. de Araújo, J.P.B.C. de Melo and T.Frederico, Phys.Rev. [**C52**]{}, (1995) 2733. L.R. Dodd, J. Math. [**11**]{}, (1970) 207.
\[fig1\]
[^1]: To appear in “Proceedings VI Hadrons 1998”, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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{
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
}
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diff -urN rrdtool-1.0.50/configure rrdtool-1.0.50.new/configure
--- rrdtool-1.0.50/configure 2005-04-25 22:48:09.000000000 +0200
+++ rrdtool-1.0.50.new/configure 2009-03-09 17:25:38.000000000 +0100
@@ -24873,17 +24873,12 @@
echo "${ECHO_T}and out again" >&6
echo $ECHO_N "ordering CD from http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~oetiker/wish $ac_c" 1>&6
-sleep 1
echo $ECHO_N ".$ac_c" 1>&6
-sleep 2
echo $ECHO_N ".$ac_c" 1>&6
-sleep 1
echo $ECHO_N ".$ac_c" 1>&6
-sleep 3
echo $ECHO_N ".$ac_c" 1>&6
echo $ECHO_N ".$ac_c" 1>&6
echo $ECHO_N ".$ac_c" 1>&6
-sleep 2
echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: just kidding ;-)" >&5
echo "${ECHO_T} just kidding ;-)" >&6
echo
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{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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Private chat porn without signing up
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
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About
About Perspecta, Inc. and Perspecta Weather
About Perspecta
Perspecta is a proven provider of information solutions, engineering and analytics for government and commercial customers worldwide. With more than 40 years of experience working in the defense, civilian and intelligence communities, Perspecta and its transformational applied research organization, Perspecta Labs, design, develop and deliver high impact, mission-critical services and solutions to overcome its customers most complex problems.
Perspecta, the 2014 recipient of the Northern Virginia Technology Council's Tech Company of the Year Award, has 4,000 employees and is based in Chantilly, Va. For more information about Perspecta and Perspecta Labs, visit perspecta.com and perspectalabs.com.
About Perspecta Weather
As a remote-sensing industry leader, Perspecta has provided systems engineering solutions for state-of-the-art sensor technology and end-to-end imagery analysis and has been heavily involved with weather-related activities throughout its history. Perspecta has provided daily, nationwide weather forecasts to emergency operations centers and worked with the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency on requirements for remote sensing and the verification of weather products. Perspecta has also played a key role in the Air Force Research Laboratory’s efforts to improve its atmospheric model called MODTRAN. Perspecta has supported multiple worldwide ground truth data collects with customized weather forecasts and developed requirements and design for civilian and military weather satellites, including NPOESS, DMSP, Landsat and GOES. In addition to the Air Force, Perspecta has worked closely with a number of government agencies on weather-related projects, including NASA, NOAA, Naval Meteorological and Oceanographic Command, Naval Postgraduate School and various customers in the Intelligence Community.
About Meteorologist Paul Dorian
Paul Dorian of Perspecta received Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in meteorology (1981, 1983) from Penn State University. As a grad student, Paul worked with Dr. Gregory Forbes, currently with The Weather Channel and its severe weather expert, and Dr. John Cahir, Professor of Meteorology (Emeritus), Vice Provost and Dean, (Emeritus). He began his professional career as a meteorologist with NASA’s Climate Branch from 1983-1985 at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland and his work continued there with the Severe Storms Branch from 1985-1990. While at the NASA Severe Storms Branch, Paul worked with Dr. Stephen Koch, current Director of NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) and severe weather expert, and Dr. Louis Uccellini, current Director of NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) and winter weather expert.
Since 1990, he has worked in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania as a systems engineer with a focus on meteorology-related activities. He has led forecasting efforts for multiple worldwide ground truth data collects with customized weather forecasts to help with the success of these efforts. Additionally, Paul provided his own daily nationwide weather forecast to the Emergency Operations Center of Lockheed Martin with a focus on severe weather potential as a way of securing the safety of their employees. Since June 2011, Paul has operated the company weather web site at perspectaweather.com. Contact via email: paul.b.dorian@perspecta.com
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
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Institute of Forest Biodiversity
Institute of Forest Biodiversity (IFB) is a research institute situated in Hyderabad in the state of Telangana, India. It works under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India.
Divisions
Forest Ecology and Climate Change
Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement
Extension and Publicity (ICTS)
Mangroves and Coastal Ecology
See also
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) Forest Science Centres
References
Category:2012 establishments in India
Category:Research institutes established in 2012
Category:Conservation in India
Category:Forest research institutes
Category:Forestry education in India
Category:Forestry agencies in India
Category:Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
Category:Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)
Category:Research institutes in Hyderabad, India
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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Pioneer Ridge student to help Chiefs with coin toss
When Colton Bryan, 11, steps onto the field at Arrowhead Stadium Sunday afternoon, he hopes his efforts will help the Kansas City Chiefs secure a victory. The Pioneer Ridge Middle School student won’t be suited up to play, but he will serve as an honorary team captain helping the Chiefs during the coin toss right before kick-off.
“He is really stoked about it,” Chris Bryan, Colton’s dad, said.
Colton Bryan, left, and his father, Chris Bryan pose for the camera during a Chiefs game two years ago. Colton, a student at Pioneer Ridge Middle School was selected to be an honorary assistant during the coin toss at the start of Sundays Chiefs game against the Arizona Cardinals. Chris said Colton won the honor from a sports radio contest online. As part of the package, Colton recieved four tickets to the game. His mom, Layla Bryan, dad Chris and a friend will attend the game together, but only Colton will be on the field for the coin toss. Submitted photo
Colton will take the field right before kick-off as the Chiefs return home from a two-game road trip. The squad has a perfect record at home, but they’ll be looking to break a two-game losing streak.
Colton hopes his coin-toss efforts will bring the team a little luck.
“We hope so. It wouldn’t hurt,” his dad said.
Chris is a big time fan who scours the radio dial for information about the Kansas City Chiefs between games. He doesn’t spend much time listening to the latest tunes. Instead, he listens to sports talk on the AM dial. That’s how Colton received the coin toss honor.
“I was speechless at first, because I was so excited,” Colton explained.
Chris secured the tickets by signing up for a drawing online through WHB 810 AM radio. Chris didn’t realize when he clicked the tab to enter the contest, that he had to have a child between the ages of 10 and 14.
Layla Bryan, left, and Colton Bryan show off their Chiefs pride during a game at Arrowhead. Colton will help with the coin toss during Sunday’s game between the Chiefs and the Arizona Cardinals. Submitted photo
“I didn’t read the fine print,” he said. “When they called and asked me if I had a kid between those ages, I thought, oh, so I don’t get to go out on the field.”
But for Colton, the contest got sweeter and sweeter. Not only does the sixth grader get to be down on the field for pre-game warm-up and on the field for the pre-game coin toss, he won four tickets to the game.
“And he gets to take a buddy since his sister doesn’t want to go at all,” Chris said.
Colton hasn’t told many people about his big event, because he needed to determine which friend he would take. Connor Boyt, Gardner, will accompany him to the game. Colton won’t actually get to toss the coin.
“Colton’s just standing there. They said something about a radio interview afterwards,” Chris said. “I’m not sure what that entails or if that’s a guaranteed thing or not.”
In the meantime, Chris said Bryan family members are excited about the trip to Arrowhead Stadium. In addition to a Voigt, the game foursome will include Colton, his dad Chris, and his mom, Layla Bryan.
The game won’t be Colton’s first time at Arrowhead Stadium. The family used to watch every home game at the stadium.
“We got season tickets for a few years, but with the economy, we cut back a couple of years ago,” Chris said.
Instead, the family tries to go to the home opener and one or two games a year.
“But we didn’t get to go this year,” he said.
Colton doesn’t know what he’ll say in a potential radio interview or what he may say to Chiefs players on the field. But he’ll be looking to meet a few of his favorites including Dwayne Bowe and Jamaal Charles.
“I like them, because they get a lot of touchdowns,” Colton said.
The game between the K.C. Chiefs (5-4) and the Arizona Cardinals (3-6) kicks off at noon on Sunday, Nov. 21 at Arrowhead Stadium. It will be televised on WDAF-TV Fox 4 locally.
Comments
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Comments do not necessarily reflect those of The Gardner News, or staff. By posting, commentators assume all liability. Please contact webmaster to report comments that infringe on copyrights, or are of a profane or libelous nature. Webmaster reserves the right to edit or remove content deemed offensive.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis.
Previously published meta-analyses exploring the effect of statins on stroke incidence included 20,000 patients and found a 2% to 30% risk reduction. It is not clear whether this is attributable to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction. Statin trials have now included >90,000 patients. We have determined the effect of statins and LDL-C reduction on stroke prevention. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized trials testing statin drugs published before August 2003. The trials were identified using a computerized PubMed search. We analyzed separately statin effect on incident strokes and on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) according to LDL-C reduction. The relative risk reduction for stroke was 21% (odds ratio [OR], 0.79 [0.73 to 0.85]), with no heterogeneity between trials. Fatal strokes were reduced but not significantly: by 9% (OR, 0.91 [0.76 to 1.10]). There was no increase in hemorrhagic strokes (OR, 0.90 [0.65 to 1.22]). Statin size effect was closely associated with LDL-C reduction. Each 10% reduction in LDL-C was estimated to reduce the risk of all strokes by 15.6% (95% CI, 6.7 to 23.6) and carotid IMT by 0.73% per year (95% CI, 0.27 to 1.19). Statins may reduce the incidence of all strokes without any increase in hemorrhagic strokes, and this effect is mainly driven by the extent of between-group LDL-C reduction. Carotid IMT progression also strongly correlated with LDL-C reduction.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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Las mujeres, las niñas y miembros de la comunidad LGBTI defensoras de los derechos humanos están enfrentando una mayor represión y violencia en todo el mundo. Los Estados deben respetar y proteger labor sin discriminación, ha asegurado un experto de la ONU.
¨En el clima político actual, en el que hay una reacción violenta contra los derechos humanos, las mujeres que defienden y promueven los derechos son a menudo las primeras en ser atacadas", expresó este jueves el relator especial sobre la situación de los defensores durante su informe anual al Consejo de Derechos Humanos.
El informe muestra cómo el aumento en el discurso misógino, sexista y homofóbico de los líderes políticos en los últimos años ha normalizado la violencia contra las mujeres defensoras de los derechos humanos. En algunos casos, quienes actúan en nombre de los Estados han participado en ataques directos contra las defensoras y sus familias.
“En muchos países, las mujeres que se atreven a defender los derechos humanos son estigmatizadas y llamadas malas madres, terroristas o brujas. Son silenciadas y marginadas de la toma de decisiones e incluso pueden ser asesinadas”, expresó Michel Forst.
Para el relator es especialmente preocupante que la hostilidad que enfrentan no sólo provenga de las autoridades estatales, sino también de los medios de comunicación, los movimientos sociales, sus propias comunidades e incluso su familia.
"La vergüenza pública, los ataques contra el honor de las mujeres y su reputación, el ¨doxing¨ o la publicación de sus datos personales en internet, la violencia sexual y los ataques contra sus hijos y seres queridos, se utilizan para silenciar a las defensoras de los derechos humanos", agregó.
El informe señala que las mujeres enfrentan los mismos riesgos que los hombres que defienden los derechos, pero aclara que las defensoras enfrentan amenazas adicionales y diferentes que están relacionadas con estereotipos de género arraigados y las percepciones sociales de las mujeres.
En muchos países, las mujeres que se atreven a defender los derechos humanos son estigmatizadas y llamadas malas madres, terroristas o brujas.
“Hemos documentado cómo los obstáculos y riesgos que enfrentan las defensoras de derechos humanos están moldeados por su género. Las mujeres son atacadas por promover y proteger los derechos humanos simplemente por su identidad como mujeres y por lo que hacen", dijo Forst.
La investigación también da la señal de alarma sobre el número creciente de Estados que han restringido el espacio de la sociedad civil, imponiendo requisitos legales y administrativos que restringen los derechos a la libertad de opinión, expresión, asociación y reunión pacífica.
En algunos países, las defensoras han sido atacadas por promover los derechos humanos de las mujeres, incluido el derecho a la igualdad y a la salud sexual y reproductiva.
Forst también expresó su seria preocupación por el uso cada vez mayor del concepto de "ideología de género" que, en diversas partes del mundo, especialmente en América Latina y Europa del Este, se presenta como un intento de feministas y defensores de los derechos LGBT para desestabilizar el orden social y político.
“No hay atajos para revertir esta deplorable situación. Debemos desmantelar los estereotipos de género nocivos y reimaginar radicalmente las construcciones sociales de género para evitar la dominación y la marginación de las mujeres", subrayó Forst.
El informe contiene recomendaciones y ejemplos de buenas prácticas para apoyar la construcción de movimientos diversos, inclusivos y fuertes de mujeres defensoras de los derechos humanos.
“Los estados y las organizaciones internacionales deben reconocer los desafíos y riesgos específicos que enfrentan las defensoras y deben garantizar que sean reconocidas, apoyadas y capacitadas para participar de manera igualitaria, significativa y poderosa en la promoción y protección de los derechos humanos", concluyó el relator especial.
Los Relatores Especiales son parte de lo que se conoce como los Procedimientos Especiales del Consejo de Derechos Humanos. Procedimientos especiales, el cuerpo más grande de expertos independientes en el sistema de derechos humanos de la ONU, es el nombre general de los mecanismos independientes de investigación y supervisión del Consejo que abordan situaciones específicas de países o problemas temáticos en todas partes del mundo. Los expertos en procedimientos especiales trabajan de manera voluntaria; no son personal de la ONU y no reciben un salario por su trabajo. Son independientes de cualquier gobierno u organización y sirven en su capacidad individual.
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{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity: evaluation of postoperative extraluminal leaks with upper gastrointestinal series.
To retrospectively evaluate the radiographic features of extraluminal leak after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery at upper gastrointestinal (GI) examinations in a large series of patients and to determine morbidity and mortality in those patients with leak. The investigational review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study, and the need for patient informed consent was waived. Radiologic database review revealed 1202 upper GI studies performed over a 4-year period in 906 patients after RYGBP. Extraluminal leak was identified in 50 patients. Two patients with leaks that occurred before the study period were excluded. Of the remaining 48 patients, 12 were men and 36 were women (mean age, 45 years; range, 26-64 years). Surgery had been laparoscopic in 23 patients and open in 25. Upper GI studies were analyzed by two radiologists in consensus for the origin, extent, and severity of leaks and associated findings. Chart review was performed to determine clinical course, treatment, and outcome. Fifty extraluminal leaks were detected in 48 of 904 patients (5.3%) at upper GI examinations. All leaks were identified within 28 days, and, in 37 of 48 patients (77%), leakage was diagnosed within 1 week of surgery. The majority of leaks (n = 37) originated from the gastrojejunal anastomosis. Leaks also occurred at the distal portion of the esophagus (n = 5), the gastric pouch (n = 5), the oversewn jejunum (n = 2), and the distal anastomosis (n = 1). Leaks extended into the left upper quadrant in 30 patients. Obstruction or ileus was present in 35 of 48 patients (73%). Leak into the excluded stomach was observed in 15 of 48 patients. The occurrence of extraluminal leak prolonged hospital stays; organ failure occurred in 14 (29%) and death in three (6%) of the 48 patients. Extraluminal leak was identified on upper GI series in 48 of 904 patients (5.3%) after RYGBP for morbid obesity. Extraluminal leak most commonly arises from the gastrojejunal anastomosis and extends into the left upper quadrant. Extraluminal leak affects morbidity and mortality.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 15-1951
In Re: ETHICON, INC., PELVIC REPAIR SYSTEM PRODUCTS
LIABILITY LITIGATION (MDL No. 2327)
--------------------------------------
SHARON WEER; THOMAS WEER,
Plaintiffs – Appellants,
v.
ETHICON, INCORPORATED; ETHICON, L.L.C.; JOHNSON & JOHNSON,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern
District of West Virginia, at Charleston. Joseph R. Goodwin,
District Judge. (2:13-cv-03792; 2:12-md-02327)
Submitted: March 30, 2016 Decided: April 6, 2016
Before DUNCAN, KEENAN, and WYNN, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Douglas R. Plymale, DUGAN LAW FIRM, PLC, New Orleans, Louisiana,
for Appellants. David B. Thomas, Daniel R. Higginbotham, THOMAS
COMBS & SPANN PLLC, Charleston, West Virginia; Christy Jones,
John C. Henegan, Sr., Susanna Moore Moldoveanu, BUTLER SNOW LLP,
Ridgeland, Mississippi, for Appellees.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2
PER CURIAM:
Sharon Weer and Thomas Weer appeal the district court’s
order dismissing this action without prejudice because the Weers
failed to timely effect service of process. We have reviewed
the record and find no reversible error. Accordingly, we affirm
for the reasons stated by the district court. Weer v. Ethicon,
Inc., Nos. 2:13-cv-03792; 2:12-md-02327 (S.D. W. Va. July 23,
2015). We dispense with oral argument because the facts and
legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials
before this court and argument would not aid the decisional
process.
AFFIRMED
3
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{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
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he prime factors of 538.
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61, 683
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2
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3, 5, 167
What are the prime factors of 6497?
73, 89
List the prime factors of 11542.
2, 29, 199
List the prime factors of 138.
2, 3, 23
List the prime factors of 262.
2, 131
List the prime factors of 4811.
17, 283
List the prime factors of 12883.
13, 991
List the prime factors of 6143.
6143
List the prime factors of 96968.
2, 17, 23, 31
List the prime factors of 1866.
2, 3, 311
List the prime factors of 4596.
2, 3, 383
List the prime factors of 9747.
3, 19
What are the prime factors of 859?
859
List the prime factors of 189930.
2, 3, 5, 13, 487
What are the prime factors of 11011?
7, 11, 13
List the prime factors of 44328.
2, 3, 1847
What are the prime factors of 399?
3, 7, 19
List the prime factors of 107078.
2, 37, 1447
What are the prime factors of 6257?
6257
List the prime factors of 246.
2, 3, 41
What are the prime factors of 1367?
1367
List the prime factors of 23282.
2, 7, 1663
List the prime factors of 1354.
2, 677
List the prime factors of 2893.
11, 263
List the prime factors of 1416.
2, 3, 59
What are the prime factors of 1198?
2, 599
List the prime factors of 23696.
2, 1481
What are the prime factors of 7706?
2, 3853
List the prime factors of 48.
2, 3
List the prime factors of 1652.
2, 7, 59
What are the prime factors of 19944?
2, 3, 277
List the prime factors of 1168.
2, 73
What are the prime factors of 875?
5, 7
What are the prime factors of 605?
5, 11
What are the prime factors of 1072?
2, 67
What are the prime factors of 3216?
2, 3, 67
What are the prime factors of 83315?
5, 19, 877
List the prime factors of 19226.
2, 9613
List the prime factors of 153193.
307, 499
What are the prime factors of 13402?
2, 6701
List the prime factors of 9556.
2, 2389
What are the prime factors of 1883?
7, 269
List the prime factors of 13785.
3, 5, 919
List the prime factors of 13083.
3, 7, 89
List the prime factors of 1032.
2, 3, 43
List the prime factors of 154969.
31, 4999
What are the prime factors of 44764?
2, 19, 31
What are the prime factors of 1455?
3, 5, 97
What are the prime factors of 265?
5, 53
What are the prime factors of 31204?
2, 29, 269
List the prime factors of 12228.
2, 3, 1019
What are the prime factors of 74?
2, 37
List the prime factors of 306.
2, 3, 17
What are the prime factors of 935?
5, 11, 17
List the prime factors of 60700.
2, 5, 607
List the prime factors of 4498.
2, 13, 173
List the prime factors of 25389.
3, 7, 13,
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
Inventors
( Originally Published 1913 )
IT is a curious fact that the men to whom the world owes most generally get the least reward. The genius in art or letters is seldom recognized as such until long after he himself has passed away—his life is usually embittered by derision or neglect. But, in the history of civilization, the lot of no man has been harder or more thankless than that of the inventor. Poverty and want have always been his portion, and even after he had won his triumph, had compelled public recognition of some great invention, it was usually some one else who won the reward.
America has been especially strong in the field of invention. Indeed, practically all the great labor-saving devices of the past century and more have originated here. " Yankee ingenuity " has passed into a proverb, and a true one, for the country which has produced the steamboat, the cotton gin, the sewing machine, the electric telegraph, the phonograph, the telephone, the typewriter, the reaper and binder, to mention only a few of the achievements of American inventors, may surely claim first place in this respect among the nations of the world. There are few stories more inspiring than that of American invention, and as benefactors to their race, the long line of American inventors may rightly rank before even the great philanthropists whose careers are outlined elsewhere in this volume. Indeed, if we judge greatness by the benefits which a man confers upon man-kind, such men as Whitney and Howe and Morse and Bell and Edison far surpass most of the great characters of history.
First of the line is Benjamin Franklin, whose many-sided genius gives him a unique place in American history. His career has been considered in the chapter dealing with our statesmen, but let us pause for a moment here to speak of his inventions. One of them, the Franklin stove, is still in use in hundreds of old houses, and as an economizer of fuel has never been surpassed; another was the lightning-rod. He introduced the basket willow, the water-tight compartment for ships, the culture of silk, the use of white clothing in hot weather, and the use of oil to quiet a tempest-tossed sea. From none of his inventions did he seek to get any return. The Governor of Pennsylvania offered to give him a monopoly of the sale of the Franklin stove for a period of years, but he declined it, saying, " That, as we enjoy great advantages from the inventions of others, we should be glad to serve others by any invention of ours " — a principle characteristic of Franklin's whole philosophy of life.
After Franklin, came Robert Fulton, the first man successfully to apply the power of the steam-engine to the propulsion of boats. Everyone has heard the story of how, years before, the youthful James Watt first got his idea of the power of steam by noticing how it rattled the lid on his mother's boiling tea-kettle. From that came the stationary engine, and from that the engine as applied to the locomotive. It remained for Fulton to apply it to water navigation.
Born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, of Irish parents, in poor circumstances, the boy received only the rudiments of an education, but developed a surprising talent for painting, so that, when he was seventeen, he removed to Philadelphia and set up there as an artist, painting portraits and landscapes. He remained there for some years, and finally, having made enough money to purchase a small farm for his mother, sailed for London, where he introduced himself to that amiable patron of all American painters, Benjamin West. West, who was at that time at the height of his fame, received Fulton with great kindness, and made a place in his house for him, where he remained for several years.
Those years were not devoted exclusively to painting, for Fulton had developed an interest in mechanics, secured a patent for an improvement in canal locks, invented a " plunging" boat, a kind of sub-marine, a machine for spinning flax, one for making ropes, one for sawing marble, and many others of minor importance. Finally abandoning art altogether, he went to Paris, where he spent seven years with the family of Joel Barlow, conducting with him a number of experiments ; one series of which has developed into the modern submarine torpedo. He succeeded in interesting the French government in his submarine experiments and constructed a boat equipped with a small engine, with which, in the harbor of Brest, he seems actually to have made some progress under water, remaining under on one occasion for more than four hours. But the French government finally withdrew its support, and finding the British government also indifferent, Fulton sailed for New York in December, 1806.
Here, he succeeded in interesting the United States government; which granted him $5,000 to continue his submarine experiments, but interest in them soon waned, and Fulton turned his whole attention to the subject of steam navigation. He had been experimenting in this direction for a number of years, and, in conjunction with Chancellor Livingston, of New Jersey, had secured from the legislature of New York the exclusive right and privilege of navigating all kinds of boats which might be propelled by the force of fire or steam on all the waters within the territory of New York for a period of twenty years, provided he would, by the end of 1807, produce a boat that would attain a speed of four miles an hour. Fulton went to work at once, the experiments being paid for by Livingston, and after various calculations, discarded the use of paddles or oars, of ducks' feet which open as they are pushed out and close as they are drawn in, and also the idea of forcing water out of the stern of the vessel. He finally decided on the paddle-wheel, and, in August, 1807, the first American steamboat appeared on the East
River. A great concourse witnessed the first trial, incredulous at first, but converted into enthusiastic believers before the boat had gone a quarter of a mile.
She was christened the " Clermont," and soon after-wards made a trip up the Hudson to Albany, to the astonishment of the people living along the banks of that mighty river. The distance of 150 miles, against the current of the river, was covered in thirty-two hours, and there could no longer be any question of Fulton's success. A regular schedule between Albany and New York was established, and the " Clermont " began that great river traffic now carried on by the most palatial river steamers in the world.
After that, it was merely a question of development. More boats were built, improvements were made, and every year witnessed an increase of speed and efficiency. In 1814, in the midst of the second war with England, Fulton built the first steam shipof-war the world had ever seen, designed for the defense of New York harbor. This ancestor of the modern "Dreadnought " was named "Fulton the First" in honor of her designer. She indirectly caused his death, for, exposing himself for several hours of a bitter- winter day, in supervising some changes on her, he developed pneumonia and died a few days later. Could he re-visit the world to-day and see the wonderful and mighty ships which have grown out of his idea, he would no doubt be as astonished as were the people along the Hudson on that fall day in 1807 when they saw the " Clermont " making her way up the stream against wind and tide.
The same year that Robert Fulton was born, an-other inventive genius first saw the light in the little town of Westborough, Massachusetts. His name was Eli Whitney, and the work he was to do revolutionized the industrial development of the South, paid off its debts, and trebled the value of its lands. It did something else, too, which was to fasten upon the South the system of negro slavery, resulting in the Civil War. But though he added hundreds of millions of dollars to the wealth of his country, his own reward was neglect, indifference, countless law-suits and endless vexation of body and spirit.
Whitney's father ran a little wood-working shop where he made wheels and chairs, and there the boy, spent every possible hour. At the age of twelve, he made himself a violin, and his progress was so steady, that by the time he was sixteen, he had greatly enlarged the business and had gained the reputation of being the best mechanic in all the country round. He soon discovered the value of education, and managed to prepare himself for Yale College, which he entered in 1789, at the age of twenty-four —an age at which most men had long since graduated and settled in life. But Whitney persevered, graduating in 1792, and almost immediately securing a position as private tutor in a Georgia family, which was to change the whole course of his life.
Until he reached the South, he had never seen raw cotton, only a little of which, indeed, had been raised in the United States. It had not been profitable be-cause of the difficulty of picking out the green cotton-seed. To separate one pound of the staple from the seed was a day's work, so that cotton was considered rather as a curiosity than as a profitable crop. Whitney was impressed by the possibilities of cotton culture, could this obstacle be overcome, and devoted his spare time to the construction of the machine upon which his fame rests. At last it was done, and did its work so perfectly that there could be no question of its success. Experiments showed that with it, one man, with the aid of two-horse power, could clean five thousand pounds of cotton a day!
A patent was at once applied for and every effort made to keep the invention a secret until a patent had been secured. But knowledge of it swept through the state, and great crowds of people came to see the machine. Whitney refused to show it, and after much excitement, a mob one night broke into the building where it was, and carried it away. Others were at once made, using it as a model, and by the time Whitney had secured his patent, they were in successful operation in many parts of the state.
That was the beginning of Whitney's trials. He had not enough money to produce machines rapidly enough to meet the tremendous demand for them, and various rivals sprang up, some of them even claiming the honor of the invention. Other gins were put on the market, differing from Whitney's only in some unimportant detail, and plainly an infringement of his patent ; but he had not the means to prosecute their manufacturers. The result was, that after two years of disheartening struggle, Whitney was reduced to bankruptcy.
The attitude of the South toward him caused him especial distress. " I have invented a machine," he wrote, " from which the citizens of the South have already realized immense profits, which is worth to them millions, and from which they must continue to derive the most important profits, and in return to be treated as a felon, a swindler, and a villain, has stung me to the very soul. And when I consider that this cruel persecution is inflicted by the very persons who are enjoying these great benefits, and expressly for the purpose of preventing my ever deriving the least advantage from my labors, the acuteness of my feelings is altogether inexpressible."
Finally, the states of North and South Carolina voted him a royalty upon all the machines in use, and this enabled him to pay his debts; but Whitney at last abandoned hope of ever receiving from his invention the returns he had' hoped for, and, turning his attention to other business, received, in 1798, a contract from the United States government for 10,000 stand of arms. Eight years were consumed in filling this contract. A contract for 30,000 stand followed, and so many improvements in design and process of manufacture were made by Whitney that no other manufacturer could compete with him.
The result of all this was that Whitney was enabled to end his life in comparative independence. His last days were his happiest, and he found in the care and affection of a loving family some consolation for the injustice and ingratitude which he had suffered.
Sixteen years after the battle of Bunker Hill, a boy was born in a great frame house at the foot of Breed's Hill, upon which that famous and misnamed battle was really fought. The boy's father was a preacher named Jedediah Morse, and the boy was named Samuel Finley, after his maternal great grand-father, the renowned president of Princeton College, and Breese, after his mother's maiden name, so that he comes down through history as S. F. B. Morse. He received a thorough schooling, graduating from Yale in 1807, and at once turned his attention to art. We have already spoken of his achievements in that respect, which were really of the first importance. He was an artist, heart and soul, but the whole course of his life was to be changed in a remarkable fashion.
In the autumn of 1832, Morse, being at that time forty-one years of age, sailed from Havre for New York in the ship Sully. It happened that there were on board some scientists who had been interested in electrical development, and the talk one evening turned on electricity. Morse knew little about it, except what he had learned in a few lectures heard at Yale; but when somebody asked how long it took a current of electricity to pass through a wire, and when the answer was that the passage was instantaneous, his interest was aroused.
" If that is the case," he said, " and if the passage of the current can be made visible or audible, there is no reason why intelligence cannot be transmitted instantaneously by electricity."
The company broke up, after a while, but Morse,. filled with his great idea, went on deck, and at the end of an hour had jotted down in his notebook the first skeleton of the " Morse alphabet." Before he reached New York, he had made drawings and specifications of his invention, which he seems to have grasped clearly and completely from the first, although its details were worked out only by laborious. thought It was necessary for him to earn a living, and not until three years later was the first rude instrument completed. Two years more, and he had a short line in operation, but it was looked upon as a. scientific toy constructed by an unfortunate dreamer. Finally, in 1838, Morse appeared before Congress, exhibited his invention and asked aid to construct an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore. He was laughed at, and for twelve years an. extraordinary struggle ensued, Morse laboring to. convince the world of the value of his invention, and the world scoffing at him. His own situation was forlorn in the extreme; for his painting was his only means of livelihood, and, absorbed as he was by his great invention, he found painting utterly impossible. His home was a single room in the fifth story of a building at the corner of Nassau and Beekman streets in New York City—a room which served as studio, workshop, parlor, kitchen and bedroom. There he labored and slept, using such money as he could earn for his experiments, and almost starving him-self in consequence.
But at last the tide turned. He was appointed to a position in the University of the City of New York, which provided him with better means for experiment, and in 1843, again appeared before Congress. This time, he found some backers, and by a close vote, at the last hour of the session, an appropriation of $30,000 was made to enable him to construct a line between Washington and Baltimore. Wild with delight and enthusiasm, the inventor went to work, and on the twenty-fourth day of May, 1844, the first message flashed over the wire, " What hath God wrought! "
The wonder and amazement of the public can be better imagined than described. Morse offered to sell his invention to the government for the sum of $100,000, but the Postmaster General, a thick-headed individual named Cave Johnson, refused the offer, stating that in his opinion, no line would ever pay for the cost of operation !
It was inevitable that rival claimants for the honor of the invention should crop up on every side, but, after years of bitter litigation, Morse succeeded in defending his title, and honors began to pour in upon/ him. It is worth remarking that the Sultan of Turan key, supposedly the most benighted of all rulers, was the first monarch to acknowledge Morse as a public benefactor. That was in 1848 ; but the monarchs of Europe soon followed, and in 1858, a special congress was called by the Emperor of the French to devise some suitable testimonial to the great inventor. But perhaps the most fitting testimonial of all were the ceremonies at the unveiling of the Morse monument in New York City in 1871. Delegates were present from every state in the Union, and at the close of the reception, William Orton, president of the Western Union Telegraph Company, announced that the telegraph instrument before the audience was in connection with every other one of the ten thousand instruments in America, and that, beside every instrument an operator was waiting to receive a message. Then a young operator sent this message from the key : " Greeting and thanks to the telegraph fraternity throughout the world. Glory to God in the highest ; on earth, peace, good-will to men." Then the venerable inventor, the personification of dignity, simplicity and kindliness, bent above the key, and sent out, " S. F. B. Morse." A storm of enthusiasm swept over the audience, and the scene will never be forgotten by any who took part in it. The proudest boast of many an old operator is that he received that message. Death came to the inventor a year later, and on the day of his funeral, every telegraph office throughout the land was draped in mourning.
Although to Morse belongs all the credit for the invention of the telegraph, it should, in justice to one man, be pointed out that it would have been impossible but for a discovery which preceded it—that of the electromagnet. To Joseph Henry, the great physicist, first of Princeton, then of the Smithsonian Institution, this invention is chiefly due. We have already spoken of Professor Henry's work in science, but none of it was more important than his invention, in 1828, of the modern form of electromagnet —a coil of silk-covered wire wound in a series of crossed layers around a soft iron core, and in 1831, he had used it to produce the ringing of a bell at a distance. It is this magnet which forms the basis of every telegraph instrument—is essential to it, and is the foundation of the entire electrical art. Let it be added to this great scientist's credit that he never sought to patent any of his inventions, giving them, as Franklin had done, free to all the world.
The struggle which Morse made to perfect and secure public recognition of his telegraph and the injustice shown Eli Whitney by the people of the South, were as nothing when compared with the trials of that most unfortunate of all inventors, Charles Goodyear, whose story is one of the most tragic in American annals. No one can read of his struggles without experiencing the deepest admiration for a man who, at the time, was regarded as a hopeless lunatic.
Charles Goodyear was born at New Haven, Connecticut, in 1800. While he was still a child, his father moved to Philadelphia and engaged in the hardware business, in which his son joined him, as soon as he was old enough to do so. But the panic of 1836 wiped the business out of existence, and Goodyear was forced to look around for some other means of livelihood. He had been interested for some time in the wonderful success of some newly-established India-rubber companies, and, out of curiosity, bought an India-rubber life-preserver. Upon examining it, he found a defect in the valve, and in-venting an improvement in it, he went to New York with the intention of selling his improvement to the manufacturer. The manufacturer was impressed with the new device, but told Goodyear frankly that the whole India-rubber business of the country was on the verge of collapse, and indeed, the collapse came a few months later.
The trouble was that the goods which the rubber companies had been turning out were not durable. The use of rubber had begun about fifteen years be-fore, first in France in the manufacture of garters and suspenders, and then in England where a manufacturer named Mackintosh made water-proof coats by spreading a layer of rubber between two layers of cloth. Then, in 1833, the Roxbury India-Rubber Company was organized in the United States, and manufactured an India-rubber cloth from which wagon-covers, caps, coats, and other articles were made. Its success was so great that other companies were organized and seemed on the highroad to fortune, when a sudden reverse came. For the heat of summer melted wagon-covers, caps and coats to sticky masses with an odor so offensive that they had to be buried. So the business collapsed, the various companies went into bankruptcy, and the very name of India-rubber came to be detested by producers and consumers alike.
It was at this time that Charles Goodyear appeared upon the scene—unfortunately enough for himself, but fortunately for humanity—and determined to discover some method by which rubber could be made to withstand the extremes of heat and cold. From that time until the close of his life, he devoted himself wholly to this work, in the face of such hardships and discouragements as few other men have ever experienced. He began his experiments at once, and finally hit upon magnesia as a substance which, mixed with rubber, seemed to give it lasting properties; but a month later, the mixture began to ferment and became as hard and brittle as glass.
His stock of money was soon exhausted, his own valuables, and even the trinkets of his wife were pawned, but Goodyear never for an instant thought of giving up the problem which he had set himself to solve. Again he believed he had discovered the secret by boiling the solution of rubber and magnesia is quicklime and water, when he found to his dismay that a drop of the weakest acid, such as the juice of an apple, would reduce an apparently fine sheet of rubber to a sticky mass. The first real step in the right direction was made by accident, for, in removing some bronzing from a piece of rubber with aqua fortis, he found that the chemical worked a remarkable change in the rubber, which would now stand a degree of heat that would have melted it before. He called this " curing " India-rubber, and after careful tests, patented the process, secured a partner with capital, rented an old India-rubber works on Staten Island, and set to work, full of hope. But commercial disaster swept away his partner's fortune, and Goodyear could find no one else who would risk his money in so doubtful an enterprise.
Indeed, in all America he seemed to be the only man who had the slightest hope of accomplishing anything with India-rubber. His friends regarded him as a lunatic, and especially when he made him-self a suit of clothes out of his India-rubber cloth, and wore it on all occasions. One day a man looking for Goodyear asked one of the latter's friends how he would recognize him if he met him.
" If you see a man with an India-rubber coat on," was the reply, " India-rubber shoes, India-rubber hat, and in his pocket an India-rubber purse with not a cent in it, that's Goodyear."
The description was a good one, for that purse had been without a cent in it for a long time. It was to stay empty for some weary years longer. For he had not yet discovered the secret of making India-rubber permanent, as he found when he tried to fill a contract for a hundred and fifty mail bags ordered by the government. The bags were apparently perfect, but in less than a month began to soften and ferment and were thrown back on his hands. All his property was seized and sold for debt; his family was reduced to the point of starvation, and friends, relatives and even his wife joined in demanding that he abandon this useless quest.
Goodyear was in despair, for he had just made another discovery that seemed to promise success—the discovery that sulphur was the active "curing " agent for India-rubber, and that it was the sulphuric acid in aqua fortis which had wrought the changes in rubber which he had noticed in his experiments. One day, while explaining the properties of a sulphur-cured piece of rubber to an incredulous crowd in a country-store, he happened to let it fall on the red-hot stove. To his amazement it did not melt; it had shrivelled some, but had not softened. And, at last, he had the key, which was that rubber mixed with sulphur and subjected to a certain degree of heat, would be rendered impervious to any extremes of temperature !
But what degree of heat? He experimented in the oven of his wife's cooking-stove, and in every other kind of oven to which he could gain access; he induced a brick-layer to make him an oven, paying him in rubber aprons ; he grew yellow and shrivelled, for he and his family were living upon the charity of neighbors; more than once, there was not a morsel of food in the house; his friends thought seriously of shutting him up in an asylum; he tried to get to New York, but was arrested for debt, and thrown into prison. Even in prison, he tried to interest men with capital in his discovery, for he needed delicate and expensive apparatus, and at last two brothers, William and Emory Rider agreed to advance him a certain sum. The laboratory was built, and in 1844, Goodyear astonished the world by producing perfect vulcanized India-rubber with economy and certainty, The long and desperate battle had been won !
Did he reap a fortune ? By no means ! In one way or another, he was defrauded of his patent rights. In England, for instance, another man who received a copy of the American patent, actually applied for and obtained the English rights in his own name. In 1858, the United States Commissioner of Patents said, " No inventor, probably, has ever been so harassed, so trampled upon, so plundered by that sordid and licentious class of infringers known in the parlance of the world as ` pirates.' " Worn out with work and disappointment, Goodyear died two years later, a bankrupt. But his story should be remembered, and his memory honored, by every American.
Near a little mountain hamlet of central Sweden stands a great pyramid of iron cast from ore dug from the neighboring mountains. It is set up on a base of granite also quarried from. those mountains, and bears upon it two names, Nils Ericsson and John Ericsson. The monument marks the place where these two men were born. The life of the former was passed in Sweden and does not concern us, but John Ericsson's name is closely connected with the history of the United States.
He was the son of a poor miner, and one of his earliest recollections was of the sheriff coming to take away all their household goods in payment of a debt. He was put to work in the iron mines as soon as he was able to earn a few pennies daily, and he soon developed a remarkable aptitude for mechanics. At the age of eleven, he planned a pumping engine to keep the mines free from water, and at the age of twelve, was made a member of the surveying party in charge of the construction of the Gotha ship canal, and was soon himself in charge of a section of the work, with six hundred men under him, one of whom was detailed to follow him with a stool, upon which he stood to use the surveying instruments. It reminds one of Farragut commanding a war ship, at the age of eleven.
In 1826, at the age of twenty-three, he went to England to introduce a flame or gas-engine which he had invented. He remained there for eleven years, and then a fortunate chance won him for the United States. He had been experimenting with a screw or propeller for steamboats, instead of the paddle-wheels as used by Fulton, and finally, equipping a small boat with two propellers, offered the invention to the British admiralty. But the admiralty was skeptical. The United States consul in. Liverpool happened to be Francis B. Ogden, a pioneer in steam navigation on the Ohio river. He was impressed with Ericsson's invention, introduced him to Robert F. Stockton, of the United States navy, and on their assurance that the invention would be taken up in the United States, closed up his affairs in England and sailed for this country.
His first experiment was disastrous—though through no fault of his. A ship-of-war called the Princeton was ordered by the government and completed. She embodied, besides screw propellers, many other features which made her a nine days' wonder. A distinguished company boarded her for her trial trip, and it was decided also to test her big guns. But at the first discharge, the gun burst, killing the secretary of state, the secretary of the navy, the captain of the ship, and a number of other well known men. As a consequence, the experiment was stopped and Ericsson was twelve years in securing from the government the $15,000 he had spent in equipping the Princeton.
However, he was soon to render the country a service which will never be forgotten. In 1861, he appeared before the navy department with a plan for an iron-clad consisting of a revolving turret mounted upon an armored raft. He secured an order for one such vessel, to be paid for only in the event that it proved successful. The majority of the board which gave the order doubtless laughed in their sleeves as the inventor withdrew, for what chance of success had such a vessel? There were some who even doubted whether she would float—among them her builders, who took the precaution of placing buoys under her before they launched her four months later.
Of the voyage of the little craft from New York to Hampton Roads, and of her epoch-making battle with the Merrimac we have already told. Ericsson had asked that she be named the " Monitor," as a warning to the nations of the world that a new era in naval warfare had begun, and that she was well-named no one could doubt after that momentous ninth of March, 1862. Honors were showered upon the inventor, whose great service to the nation could not be questioned. The following ten years of his life were devoted to the construction of his famous torpedo-boat, the " Destroyer," which, he believed, would annihilate any vessel afloat—the predecessor of all the torpedo-boats, past and present, which have played so important a part in naval warfare. He lived for more than twenty years in a house in Beach street, New York, where he died, in 1889.
The Monitor's attack upon the Merrimac would have been ineffective but for the remarkable guns with which the little craft was armed—two eleven-inch rifled cannon, the invention of John Adolph Dahlgren. Dahlgren had been connected with the ordnance department of the navy at Washington for many years, and his inventions had revolutionized United States gunnery.
Dahlgren was born at Philadelphia, where his father was Swedish consul, a position which he held until his death in 1824. The boy, from his earliest years, had been ambitious to enter the navy, and finally, at the age of seventeen, received his midshipman's warrant. In 1847, he was assigned to ordnance duty at Washington, and began that career of extraordinary energy, which lasted for six-teen years. He saw almost at once the many defects in the cannon which were at that time being manufactured, and soon offered a design of his own, which proved a vast advance over old guns. The Dahlgren gun, as it was called, was of iron, cast solid, with a thick breech adjusted to meet varying pressure strains. The invention of the rifled cannon followed, and it was this weapon which caused even the great armored Merrimac to tremble. Admiral Dahlgren's career was a distinguished one, but no service he rendered his country was more noteworthy than this.
But there are triumphs of peace, as well as of war, and one of the most notable of these was won by Cyrus Hall McCormick when he invented the aut made reaper which bears his name. In 1859, it was estimated that the reaper was worth $55,000,000 a year to the United States ; William H. Seward re-marked that, " owing to Mr. McCormick's invention, the line of civilization moves westward thirty miles each year "; and the London Times declared, after it had been tested at the great international exhibition of 1851, that it was " worth to the farmers of England the whole cost of that exhibition." To few men is it given to confer such benefits upon mankind, and the career of this one is well worth dwelling upon.
Cyrus McCormick was born in 1809, in a little house at the hamlet of Walnut Grove, Virginia. His father was a farmer, and was also something of a mechanical genius, and as early as 1816, had tried to build a mechanical reaper. His son inherited this aptitude, and helped his father in mechanical experiments, soon quite outstripping him. As a farmer's boy, his day's work in the fields began at five o'clock in the morning, and in the harvesting season even earlier. But in the harvest field, he found himself unable to keep up with grown men in the hard work of swinging the scythe, and so devised a harvesting-cradle, which made the work so much easier that he was able to do his share. At the age of twenty-two he invented a plough, which threw alternate furrows on either side, and two years later, a self-sharpening plough, which proved a great success.
Then he turned his attention to a mechanical reaper, though his father warned him against wasting time and money on so impracticable a project. But the possibility of making a machine do the hot hand-work of the harvest field fascinated the young man, and he set to work upon the problem. It was not an easy one, for the machine, to be successful, must not only work in fields where the wheat stood straight, but also where it had become tangled and beaten down by wind and rain. In 1831, he produced his first practicable machine, making every part of it himself by hand. Its three essential features have never been changed—a vibrating cutting-blade, a reel to bring the grain within reach of the blade, and a platform to receive the falling grain. The problem had been solved.
Three years, however, were spent in perfecting the minor working parts, then another was built and tested. It worked well, but McCormick was still not satisfied with it, and not until 1840, was it perfected sufficiently to make him willing to put it on the market. This self-restraint was remarkable, but it had this good effect, that when the machine was finally offered to the public, it was not an experiment. So there were no failures, but a steady increase in demand from the very first, until the great factory, which McCormick early located at Chicago, now turns out nearly two hundred thousand machines a year. The whir of these machines is heard around the world—everywhere the McCormick reaper is doing its share toward lightening man's labor.
Another of the great victories of peace was won by Elias Howe, when, in 1844, he invented a machine which would sew. Strangely enough, he was at first regarded as an enemy of humanity, rather than as a, friend; an enemy, especially, of the poor sewing-women who earned a pitiful living with the needle. Few had the foresight to perceive that it was these very women whose toil he was doing most to lighten !
Elias Howe, born in Spencer, Massachusetts, in 1819, as the son of a poor miller, and was put to work at the age of six to contribute his mite to the support of the family. He was a frail child and slightly lame, so that, after trying in vain to do farm labor, he went to work in the mill, and afterwards in a machine shop, where he learned to be a first-class machinist—knowledge which, at a later day, was to stand him in good stead. He married, at the age of twenty-one, and three children were born to him. Then came a period of illness, during which' the young mother supported the family by sewing ; and as Howe lay upon his bed, watching his wife at this tedious labor, the thought came to him what a blessing it would be to mankind if a machine could be devised to do that work.
The idea remained with him, and finally led to experiments. Of the many disappointments, the long months of patient labor, the intense thought, the repeated failures, there is not room to tell here; but at last he hit upon the solution of the problem—the use of two threads, making the stitch by means of a shuttle and a needle with the eye near the point. In October, 1844, he produced a rude machine which would actually sew. Another year was spent in perfecting it, while he kept his family from starvation by doing such odd jobs as he could find, and in the winter of 1845, he was ready to introduce his machine to the public.
But here an unforeseen difficulty arose. The public refused to have anything to do with the machine. The tailors declared it would ruin their trade, and refused to try it; nobody could be found who would invest a dollar in it; and Howe, in despair, was forced to put his invention away and to accept a place as railway engineer in order to support his family. Some disastrous years followed, his wife died, and he was left in absolute poverty, but at last came a ray of light. A man named Bliss became interested in Howe's invention, and a few machines were made and marketed in New York. Riots among the workingmen followed, so serious that for a time the use of the machines was stopped; but no human power could stay the wheel of progress, and as the value of the invention came to be recognized, all opposition to it faded away. Howe's royalties grew to enormous proportions, but he had been broken in health by his years of struggle and hardship, and lived only a few years to enjoy them.
George Henry Corliss was another mechanical genius, who, in one respect, anticipated Howe, for about 1842 he actually invented a machine for stitching leather. That was two years before Howe made his discovery. But Corliss was soon attracted to other work, and the development of the sewing machine was left for the other inventor. It was in 1846 that Corliss began to develop those improvements in the steam engine which were to revolutionize its construction. One trouble with the steam engine as then built was that it was not uniform in motion. That is, if the engine was running a lot of machines, their speed would vary from moment to moment, as they were started or stopped. For instance, a hundred looms, all running at once, would run at a certain speed, but if some of them were shut off, the speed. of the others would increase, so that it was very difficult to regulate them. Again, there was a tremendous waste of power, so that the fuel consumption was out of all proportion to the power actually developed.
It was these defects that Corliss set himself to remedy, and he did it simply by taking a load off the governor, which had always been used to move the throttle-valve. In the Corliss engine, the governor simply indicated to the valves the work to be done, and the saving of fuel was so great that the inventor often installed his engine under a contract to take the saving in coal-bills from a certain period as his pay. One of his great achievements was the construction of a 1400 horse power engine to move all the machinery at the centennial exposition at Philadelphia, in 1876. The engine, which worked splendidly, was one of the sights of the exposition.
What the sewing-machine is to the needle, the typewriter is to the pen. No other one invention has so revolutionized business, and the credit for the invention of a practicable typewriting machine is due to C. Latham Sholes. Others had tried their hands at the problem before he took it up, but he was the first to hit upon its solution—a number of type-bars carrying the letters of the alphabet operated by levers and striking upon a common centre, past which. the paper was carried on a revolving cylinder.
Sholes had a varied and picturesque career. Born in Pennsylvania in 1819, he followed the printer's trade for a number of years, and it was no doubt from the type that he got his idea of engraved dies mounted on type-bars. Finally he removed to Wisconsin, where he edited a paper and soon became prominent in the politics of the state, holding a number of appointive positions. It was in 1866 that he began to experiment with a writing-machine, and his first one, which was patented two years later, was as big as a sewing-machine. Still, it embodied the essential principles of the typewriter as it is made to-day, and after spending five years in perfecting it, Sholes made a contract with E. Remington & Son to manufacture it. It is one of the ironies of fate that the name principally connected with the typewriter in the public mind is that of the manufacturer, the identity of the inventor being completely lost, so far as applied, at least, to the name of any machine.
We have spoken elsewhere of the career of John D. Rockefeller, of the immense fortune he made from petroleum and the manner in which he disposed of a portion of it. It is worth pausing a moment to consider the career of the two men who discovered petroleum, who sunk the first well in search of a larger supply, and who put it on the market. There is scarcely any development of modern life to rank in importance with the introduction of kerosene. It added at once several hours to every day, and who can estimate what these evening hours, spent usually in study or reading, have meant to humanity ?
In the early part of the century, whales were so plentiful, especially along the New England coast, that whale, or sperm, oil was used for lighting purposes, and many of the old whale-oil lamps are still in existence. The light they gave was dim and smoky, but it was far better than no light at all. As the years passed, whales became more and more scarce, until sperm oil was selling at over two dollars a gallon. Only the richest people could afford to pay that, and the poor passed their evenings in darkness.
In 1854, a man named James M. Townsend brought to Professor Silliman, of Yale, a bottle of oil, asking him to test it. This was done, and the astonished professor found that here was an oil, whose source he could only guess, which made a splendid illuminant and which also seemed to have some medicinal properties. The oil was from Oil Creek, Pennsylvania, and Townsend, associating with himself a conductor named E. L. Drake, formed the Seneca Oil Company and began gathering the oil by digging trenches. At first it was bottled and sold for medicinal purposes at one dollar a gallon; then Drake suggested that a larger supply might be secured if a well was bored for it. A man familiar with salt well boring was employed, and in 1859 the first well was begun at Titusville.
Most people regarded Drake as a madman, and thought that he was simply throwing money away. The work was costly and slow, and finally, when $50,000 had been spent without result, the stock-holders of the company refused to go further—all except Townsend. That-enthusiast managed to rake up another $500, which he sent to Drake, with instructions to make it go as far as possible. It did not go very far—and yet far enough—for one day the auger, which was down sixty-eight feet, struck a cavity, and up came a flow of oil to within five feet of the surface. Pumping began at the rate of five hundred barrels a day, and fortune seemed in sight. But three months later, the company's works were destroyed by fire, and before they could be re-built, scores of other wells had been sunk, many of which were " gushers," requiring no pumping, and
the supply was soon so far in excess of the demand that the price of oil tumbled to one dollar a barrel. Discouraged by all this, the Seneca Company sold out its leases and disbanded, leaving Townsend and Drake poorer than they had been before their great discovery.
Years ago, in 1790, to be exact, an Italian scientist named Galvani, experimenting with the legs of a frog, happened to touch the exposed nerves with a piece of metal, while the legs were lying across an-other piece. He was astonished to see the legs con-tract violently. Further experiments followed, and the galvanic battery resulted. Years later, our own Professor Henry discovered that if an insulated wire 'carrying a current of electricity was wrapped around a piece of soft iron, the latter became a magnet. Out of these simple discoveries, came the electric telegraph, and, still more wonderful, the telephone, by which the human voice may be instantly projected hundreds of miles, not only intelligibly, but with every tone and inflection reproduced. In an age of wonders, this is surely one of the greatest.
On February 14, 1876, two applications were made at the patent office at Washington for patents upon the conveyance of sound by electricity. One was filed by Elisha Gray, the other by Alexander Graham Bell. They were practically identical, but it was Bell's good fortune to be the first to make his 'device practically effective, and so he may fairly be considered the inventor of the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1847, the son of the famous Alexander Melville Bell, the inventor of the system by which deaf people are enabled to read speech more or less correctly by observing the motion of the lips. The family moved to Canada in 1872, and Alexander Bell came to Boston, where he soon became widely known as an authority in the teaching of the deaf and dumb. The reproduction of the human voice by mechanical means interested him deeply, and his study of the construction of the human ear, with its drum vibrating in response to sound vibrations, gave him the idea of a vibrating piece of iron in front of an electric magnet. He was, however, very poor and had no money to expend in experiments—so poor, indeed, that when attacked by illness, his hospital expenses were paid by his employer, and so friend-less that during his illness no one visited him except two or three pupils from his school.
He persevered with his experiments, with such rude apparatus as he could make himself, and the first Bell telephone was brought into existence with an old cigar-box, two hundred feet of wire, and two magnets from a toy fish-pond. In an improved form, it was shown at the Centennial exhibition of 1876, where Sir William Thomson pronounced it " the greatest marvel hitherto achieved by the electric telegraph." As is always the case, the public was slow to appreciate the importance of the invention, and as late as 1877, Bell was unable to secure $10,000 for a half interest in the European rights. The rapid
growth of the business in this country is almost without a parallel in history, and no invention has added more to the convenience of modern life.
A distinguished scientist one day asked the late Clerk Maxwell what was the greatest scientific discovery of the last half century, and Maxwell answered without an instant's hesitation : " That the Gramme machine is reversible." Probably the whole scientific world will agree with him, for that discovery meant that power will not only produce electricity, but that electricity will produce power. Let us see how that has been applied. Falling water is one of the most powerful agents in the world, and at a great waterfall like Niagara, millions of horse-power go to waste every day. So at the foot of Niagara, great power-houses have been built where the power of the water is converted into electricity. The electricity is conducted along wires for hundreds of miles to the great industrial centres, and there converted back again into power. In other words, the water of Niagara is to-day turning machinery in Buffalo and Albany. The same method of producing power, the cheapest that has ever been discovered, is being installed all over the world, and will, in time, produce a revolution in manufacturing processes.
The vital mechanism in the production of this power is the dynamo, and it is to Charles F. Brush, of Cleveland, Ohio, that its development is principally due. He was interested in electricity from his earliest years, and when he was only thirteen, distinguished himself by making magnetic machines and batteries for the Cleveland high-school, where he was a pupil. During his senior year, the physical apparatus of the school laboratory was placed under his charge, and he constructed an electric motor having its field magnets as well as its armature excited by the electric current. He devised an apparatus for turning on the gas in the street lamps of Cleve-land, lighting it and turning it off again, thus doing away with the expensive process of lighting them and turning them out by hand.
After graduating from the University of Michigan with the degree of mining engineer, he returned to Cleveland, where, in 1875, his attention was drawn to the great need of a more effective dynamo than the clumsy and inefficient types then in use. In two months, Brush had made a dynamo so perfect in every way that it was running until taken to the Chicago Exposition, in 1893. Six months more of experimenting resulted in the Brush are light, and in 1879 the Brush Electric Company was organized. A year later, the first Brush lights were installed in New York City, and now there is scarcely a town in the country which does not pay tribute to the inventor.
Let us turn for a moment from the field of electricity, in which America has been pre-eminent, to another in which Yankee ingenuity has also led the world—the railroad. It was in this country that the sleeping-car, the diner, the parlor-car were first used;
no other country affords such luxury of travel ; and no other country has added to railroading any device comparable in importance to the invention of George Westinghouse, the air-brake. Before its introduction, to stop a train brakes must be set painfully by hand, and even then were not always effective. Now, the engineer, by pulling a single lever, sets the brakes instantly all along his train, and so effectively that the passengers sometimes feel as though the train had struck a rock. More than that, should any accident occur, breaking the train in two, the brakes are instantly set automatically. All of which is done by the power of compresed air, working through a series of pipes and air-hose beneath the cars.
George Westinghouse's father was superintendent of the Schenectady Agricultural Works, and it was there that the boy found his vocation. Before he was fifteen, he had modelled and built a steam engine and followed that with a steel railroad frog, which was so great an improvement over the frogs then in use that it was soon widely adopted, and brought the young inventor both money and reputation. He moved to Pittsburgh, as the centre of the iron and steel business, and began the manufacture of his frogs there.
One day he came across a newspaper account of the successful use of compressed air in the digging of the Mont Cenis tunnel, in Switzerland, and the thought occurred to him that perhaps a railroad train could be controlled by the same agency. He ;worked over the problem for a time, but when he mentioned his idea to his friends, they were inclined to think it absurd to suppose that a rubber-tube strung along under the cars could work the brakes effectively. However, Westinghouse was not discouraged, but continued to experiment, and the air-brake as we have it today was the result.
Which brings us to the most remarkable genius in the field of invention the world has ever known —the man who has made invention, as it were, a business, whose life has been devoted to rendering practical and useful the dreams of other men, who has reduced invention to a science—Thomas Alva Edison. There are some who are inclined to belittle Edison's achievements because some of the greatest of them have been founded upon the ideas of others. He is best known, for instance, as the inventor of the modern incandescent light; but the discovery that light may be obtained from wire heated to incandescence in a glass bulb from which the air has been exhausted, was made when Edison was only two years old. Experiments with this light were made by a dozen scientists, but it remained a mere laboratory curiosity until Edison took hold of it, and with a patience, ingenuity and fertility of resource, in which he stands alone, made it a practicable, efficient and convenient source of light. That the incandescent light, as it is known to-day, is his through and through cannot be questioned.
It is as a scientific inventor that Edison likes to be known. He abhors the word discoverer, as applied to himself. "Discovery is not invention," he once said. " A discovery is more or less in the nature of an accident, while an invention is purely deductive. In my own case, but few, and those the least important, of my inventions, owed anything to accident. Most of them have been hammered. out after long and patient labor, and are the result of countless experiments all directed toward attaining some well-defined object.
There is, however, one modern marvel for which Edison is wholly responsible, both for the initial idea and for its practical working-out—the phonograph—but let us tell something of his early life, before we relate the achievements of his manhood.
Born in a little village in Erie County, Ohio, in 1847, Edison was early introduced to the struggle for existence. His father was very poor, being, in-deed, the village jack-of-all-trades, and living upon such odd jobs as he was able to procure. The boy, of course, was put to work as soon as he was old enough, and of regular schooling had only two months in all his life. At the age of twelve, he was a train-boy on the Michigan Central Railroad, selling books, papers, candy and fruit to the passengers. He managed to get some type and an old press and issued a little paper called the " Grand Trunk Herald," containing the news of the railroad. One day, he snatched the little child of the station-master at Port Clements, Michigan, from under the wheels of a train, and in return the grateful father taught the boy telegraphy.
It was the turning-point in his career, for it turned his attention to the study of electricity, with which he was soon fascinated. At eighteen, he was working as an operator at Indianapolis, but he was from the very first, more of an inventor than an operator, and his inventions sometimes got him into trouble. For instance, at one place where he had a night trick, he was required to report the word " six " every half-hour to the manager to show that he was awake and on duty. After a while, he rigged up a wheel to do it for him, and all went well until the manager happened to visit the office one night and found Edison sleeping calmly while his wheel was sending in the word " six." But he nevertheless developed into one of the swiftest operators in the country, all the time devising changes and improvements in the mechanism of telegraphy.
His first great success came with the sale of an improvement in the instruments used to record stock quotations, which enabled these " tickers " to print the quotations legibly on paper tape, and this success enabled him to get some capitalists to finance his experiments with the electric light. The arrrangement was that they were to pay the expense of the experiments and to share in such inventions as resulted. For the sake of quiet, he moved out to a little place in New Jersey called Menlo Park, and built himself a shop. Then began that remarkable series of experiments—one of the most remarkable in history—which resulted in the perfection of the incandescent lamp.
The problem was to find a material for the filament which would give a bright light and which would, at the same time, be durable, and with this end in view, hundreds and hundreds of different filaments were tried. The difficulties in the way of this experimenting were enormous, since the light only burns when in a vacuum, and the instant the vacuum is impaired, out it goes. At one time, all the lamps he had burning at Menlo Park, about eighty in all, went out, one after another, without apparent cause. The lamps had been equipped with filaments of carbon and had burned for a month. There seemed to be no reason why they should not burn for a year, and Edison was stunned by the catastrophe. Ile began at once the most exhaustive series of experiments ever undertaken by an American physicist, remaining in his laboratory for five days and nights, dining at his work bench on bread and cheese, and snatching a little sleep occasionally, when one of his assistants was on duty. It was finally discovered that the air had not been sufficiently exhausted from the lamps.
Again success seemed in sight, but soon the lamps began acting queerly again. Worn out with fatigue and disappointment, Edison took to his bed. Ultimate failure was freely predicted, and the price of gas stock rose again. In five months, the inventor had aged five years, but he was not yet ready to give up the fight. And at last it was won, and the incan- descent lamp placed on the market. It has not displaced gas, as some people thought it would, but it is the basis of a business which made the Inventors sufficiently rich to realize his great ambition of building himself the finest laboratory in the world ; where the most expert iron-workers, wood-workers, glass-blowers, metal-spinners, machinists and chemists in the world find employment. Every known metal, every chemical, every kind of glass, stone, earth, wood, fibre, paper, skin, cloth, may be found in its store-rooms, ready for instant use. The library contains one of the finest collections of scientific books and periodicals to be found anywhere. These are the tools, and with them Edison is constantly at work upon a great variety of problems.
The first thing he turned his hand to after his installation in his new laboratory was the phonograph. The patient thought and experiment, extending over many years, lavished on this wonderful invention are almost unbelievable. The idea had came to him years before, when he had worked out an instrument that would not only record telegrams by indenting a strip of paper with the dots and dashes of the Morse code, but would also repeat the message any number of times by running the indented strip of paper through it.
" Naturally enough," said Edison, in telling the story, " the idea occurred to me that if the indentations on paper could be made to give off again the click of the instrument, why could not the vibrations of a diaphragm be recorded and similarly re-produced? I rigged up an instrument hastily and pulled a strip of paper through it, at the same time shouting Hallo ! ' Then the paper was pulled through again, and listening breathlessly, I heard a distinct sound, which a strong imagination might have translated into the original ` Hallo ! ' That was enough to lead me to a further experiment. I made a drawing of a model, and took it to Mr. Kruesi, at that time engaged on piece-work for me. I told him it was a talking-machine. He grinned, thinking it a joke; but he set to work and soon had the model ready. I arranged some tin-foil on it and spoke into the machine. Kruesi looked on, still grinning. But when I arranged the machine for transmission and we both heard a distinct sound from it, he nearly fell down in his fright. I must admit that I was a little scared myself." The words which he had spoken into the machine and which were the first ever to be reproduced mechanically, was the old Mother Goose quatrain, starting, " Mary had a Little Lamb."
From that rude beginning came the phonograph, with which Edison has never ceased to experiment. He has made improvements in it from year to year, until it has reached its present high state of efficiency —a state, however, which Edison hopes to improve still further. In addition to the two great inventions of the phonograph and incandescent lamp, which we have dwelt upon here, many more stand to his credit. In fact, he has been the greatest client the patent office ever had, nearly one thousand patents having been issued in his name. At the age of sixty-three, he shows no sign of falling off in either mental or physical energy, and no doubt more than one invention has yet to come from Llewellyn Park before he quits his great laboratory forever.
No one can ever guess at the future of electrical invention. The recent marvelous development of the wireless telegraph, by which the impalpable ether is harnessed to man's service, is an indication of the wonders which may be expected in the future. It was our own Joseph Henry who, in 1842, discovered the electric wave—the " induction " upon which wireless telegraphy depends. He discovered that when he produced an electric spark an inch long in a room at the top of his house, electrical action was instantly set up in another wire circuit in the cellar. After some study, he saw and announced that the electric spark started some sort of action in the ether, which passed through floors and ceilings and all other intervening objects, and caused induction in the wires in the cellar. But wireless telegraphy was made a commercial possibility not by any great scientist, but by a young Italian named Marconi. Already experiments with wireless telephony are going forward, and another half century may see all the labor of the world performed by this wonderful and mysterious force which we call electricity.
From earliest times, man has longed to navigate the air. He has watched with envy the free flight of birds, and has tried to imitate it, usually with disastrous results. The balloon, of course, enabled him to rise in the air, but once there, he was at the mercy of every wind. More recently, balloons fitted with motors and steering gear have been devised, which are to some extent dirigible ; but the real problem has been to fly as birds do without any such artificial aid as balloons provide.
Experiments to solve this problem were begun several years ago by Professor S. P. Langley, of the Smithsonian Institution, under government supervision, and pointed the way to other investigators. He proved, theoretically, that air-flight was possible, provided sufficient velocity could be obtained. He showed that a heavier-that-air machine would sustain itself in the air if it could only be driven fast enough. You have all skipped flat stones across the water. Well, that is exactly the principle of the flying machine. As long as the stone went fast enough, it skipped along the top of the water, which sustained it and even threw it up into the air again. When its speed slackened, it sank. So the boy on skates can skim safely across thin ice which would not bear his weight for an instant if he tried to stand upon it.
So, theoretically, it was possible to fly, but to re-duce theory to practice was a very different thing. Professor Langley tried for years and failed. Ho built a great machine, which plunged beneath the waters of the Potomac a minute after it was launched. All over the world, inventors were struggling with the problem, but nowhere with any great degree of success. It remained for two brothers, in a little workshop at Dayton, Ohio, to produce the first machine which would really fly.
Orville and Wilbur Wright were poor boys, the sons of a clergyman, and apparently in no way distinguished from ordinary boys, except by a taste for mechanics. They had a little workshop, and one day in 1905, they brought out a strange looking machine from it, and announced that it was a flying-machine. The people of Dayton smiled skeptically, and assembled to witness the demonstration with the thought that there would probably soon be need for an ambulance. The gasoline motor with which the machine was equipped, was started, one of the brothers climbed aboard and grasped the levers, the other dropped a weight which started the machine down a long incline. For a moment, it slid along, then its great forward planes caught the air current and it soared gracefully up into the air.
That was a great moment in human history, so great that the crowd looking on scarcely realized its import They watched the machine with bated breath, and saw it steered around in a circle, showing that it could go against the wind as well as with it. For thirty-eight minutes it remained in the air, making a circular flight of over twenty-four miles. Then it was gently landed and the exhibition was over. Great crowds flocked to Dayton, after that, expecting to see further exhibitions, but they were disappointed. The machine had been taken back to the shop, and the young inventors announced that they were making some changes in it. No one was admitted to the shop, nor were any other flights made.
One day the inventors also disappeared, and months later it was discovered that they had built themselves a little shop on a deserted stretch of the sandy North Carolina coast, and that they were carrying on their experiments there, secure from observation. Enterprising reporters tried to interview them and failed; but, ambushed afar off, they one day saw the great machine soaring proudly in a wide circle above the sands. A photographer even got a distant photograph of it. There could be no doubt that the Wright brothers had solved the problem of flight.
But not for two years more were they ready for publie exhibitions. Then, in 1908, they appeared at Fort Myer, Virginia, ready to take part in the contest set by the United States government. No one who was present on that first day will ever forget his sensations as the great winged creature rose grace-fully from the ground and circled about in the air overhead. Again and again flights were made, some-times with an extra passenger ; great speed was attained and the machine was under perfect control. But an unfortunate accident put a stop to the trials, for one day a propellor-blade broke while the machine was in mid-air, and it struck the ground before it could be righted. The passenger, a member of the United States Signal Corps, was instantly killed and Orville Wright was seriously injured.
Meanwhile, the other brother, Wilbur, had gone to Europe, where, first in France, and afterwards in Italy and England, he created a tremendous sensation by his spectacular flights. They were uniformly successful. Not an accident marred them. The governments of Europe were quick to secure the right to manufacture the aeroplane; kings and princes vied with each other in honoring the young inventor, and when he returned to the United States, city, state, and nation combined in a great reception to him and to his brother.
As these lines are being written, in August, 1909, another series of flights has been concluded at Fort Myer. They were successful in every way in fulfilling the government tests, and the Wrights' machine was purchased by the government for $30,000. Everywhere air-ship flights are being made successfully, and it is only a question of time until the aeroplane becomes a common means of conveyance. Wilbur Wright declares that it is already safer than the automobile, and it would seem that there is in store for man a new and exquisite sensation, that of flight.
Surely, America has cause to be proud of her inventors !
SUMMARY
plied to himself. "Discovery is not invention," he once said. " A discovery is more or less in the nature of an accident, while an invention is purely deductive. In my own case, but few, and those the least important, of my inventions, owed anything to accident. Most of them have been hammered. out after long and patient labor, and are the result of countless experiments all directed toward attaining some well-defined object.
FULTON, ROBERT. Born at Little Britain, Pennsylvania, 1765; went to London, 1786, to study painting under Benjamin West; abandoned painting, 1793; returned to America, 1806; first successful trip in steam-boat, the Clermont, August 11, 1807; died at New York City, February 24, 1815.
WHITNEY, ELI. Born at Westborough, Massachusetts, December 8, 1765; graduated at Yale, 1792; went to Georgia as teacher and invented cotton-gin, 1792–93; died at New Haven, Connecticut, January 8, 1825.
MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE. Born, at Charlestown town, Massachusetts, April 27, 1791; graduated at Yale, 1810; studied art under Benjamin West in London, and opened studio in New York City, 1823; first president National Academy of Design, 1826—42; designed electric telegraph, 1832; applied for patent, 1837; first line completed between Baltimore and Washington, 1844; died at New York City, April 2, 1872.
GOODYEAR, CHARLES. Born at New Haven, Connecticut, December 29, 1800; began experiments with rubber, 1834; secured patent, 1844; died at New York City, July 1, 1860.
ERICSSON, JOHN. Born in parish of Fernebo, Wermland, Sweden, July 31, 1803; went to England, 1826; came to America, 1839; constructed caloric engine, 1833; applied screw to steam navigation, 1836—41; invented turreted ironclad Monitor, 1862; died at New York City, March 8, 1889.
DAHLGREN, JOHN ADOLPH. Born at Philadelphia, November 13, 1809 ; lieutenant in navy, 1837; assigned to ordnance duty at Washington, 1847; commander, 1855; rear-admiral, 1863; took important part in naval operations during Civil War; died at Washington, July 12, 1870.
McCORMICK, CYRUS HALL. Born at Walnut Grove, West Virginia, February 15, 1809; invented mechanical reaper, 1831; died at Chicago, May 13, 1884.
HOWE, ELIAS. Born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819 ; invented sewing-machine, 1844; died at Brooklyn, New York, October 3, 1867.
CORLISS, GEORGE HENRY. Born at Easton, New York, July 2, 1817; invented Corliss engine, 1849; died at Providence, Rhode Island, February 21, 1888.
SHOLES, CHRISTOPHER LATHAM. Born at Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, February 14, 1819; state senator, Wisconsin, 1848, 1856-58; held many positions of trust in Milwaukee, 1869-78; patented typewriter, 1868.
BELL, ALEXANDER GRAHAM. Born at Edinburgh, Scotland, March 3, 1847; came to Canada, 1870, and to Boston, 1871; invented telephone, 1876; graphophone, 1883.
WESTINGHOUSE, GEORGE. Born at Central Bridge, Schoharie County, New York, October 6, 1846; invented rotary engine at age of fifteen; in Union army, 1863-64; invented air brake, 1868; also inventions in railway signals, steam and gas engines, turbines, and electric machinery.
EDISON, THOMAS ALVA. Born at Milan, Ohio, February 11, 1847; established workshop at Menlo Park, New Jersey, 1876; invented megaphone, phonograph, aerophone, incandescent electric lamp, kinetoscope, and many other things.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
How do I run drush migrate for specific path site
I want to use drush to run the migrate command to upgrade my drupal version 6 to 7 using Data Export Import module.
I have two site in different path.
How do I run drush migrate for the Testing website below. Drupal version is 6.
Main website
/domains/site.com/public_html
Testing website
/domains/site.com/public_html/testsite
A:
To use Drush to more effectively migrate sites from one VPS to another, to manage more than one site and to synchronize easily between them. It assumes that you are running your own cloud server, have Drush on it, and have already installed a Drupal site.
Drush Aliases
Drush aliases are a simple set of configuration that allows you to reference Drupal sites from anywhere in your server's folder structure by using a shortcut of the following format @site. Before being able to use these shortcuts though, you'll need to configure the respective alias. To do this, and if you don't have one already, create a file called aliases.drushrc.php in the .drush folder that resides in your server's root folder:
nano /root/.drush/aliases.drushrc.php
Here, you have to create a php opening tag, <?php, for the file and below copy the following array declaration:
$aliases['site1'] = array(
'root' => '/var/www/drupal_folder',
'uri' => '88.88.88.88/drupal_folder',
);
Save the file, exit, and the alias is set. To test it out, navigate to a folder that is outside of your Drupal site and run the following command:
drush @site1 status
Now you should get the regular status information about the site you just referenced in the alias. And you can use this shortcut also with other commands.
Migrating sites
Now that you know how to reference sites, we can look at migrating (copying) a site from one folder to another using Drush. Let's say you want to move @site1 from /var/www/drupal_folder to /var/www/drupal_folder2.
First, you need to create a new alias for this future installation. For this, like always, edit the aliases.drushrc.php file:
nano /root/.drush/aliases.drushrc.php
Here, you need to create below two aliases, both with the same format. Just copy-paste the old one and make the appropriate changes:
$aliases['site2'] = array(
'root' => '/var/www/drupal_folder2',
'uri' => '88.88.88.88/drupal_folder2',
);
Save the file and exit. If you run drush @site2 status, it will not work because obviously the folder not only does not contain a Drupal installation, but it doesn't even exist. So let's create it:
mkdir /var/www/drupal_folder2
In order to prepare for the new Drupal installation, you'll need to create a new database as well. So login to your MySQL through your preferred way and create a new database, making a note of the access username and password. If you are unsure how to do this, read the tutorial that shows how to deploy a Drupal site with Drush.
Now that your database is set up, you can proceed to migrate the site. To copy all the codebase from the first folder to the other, run the following command:
drush core-rsync @site1 @site2 --include-conf
Now, edit this newly copied settings.php file in the drupal_folder2 copy and change the database information to reflect the new database you just created.
nano /var/www/drupal_folder2/sites/default/settings.php
In this file, you need to make changes to the following block of code to reflect your own database information:
$databases = array (
'default' =>
array (
'default' =>
array (
'database' => 'your_db',
'username' => 'your_username',
'password' => 'your_password',
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => '',
'driver' => 'mysql',
'prefix' => '',
),
),
);
Save the file and exit. Now you can also migrate the database using Drush because it knows that the site in the drupal_folder2 now uses this database, even if it's currently empty. All you need to do is run the following command:
drush sql-sync @site1 @site2 --create-db
This will drop the tables in the database associated with @site2 (the one that is currently empty) due to the --create-db option and insert the ones from the database associated with @site1 - your original Drupal installation. So now you have 2 exact replicas of the same site.
You may run into the following error message (with the applicable credentials):
ERROR 1044 (42000) at line 1: Access denied for user 'your_username'@'localhost' to database 'your_db'
If this is the case, make sure that your user has the required privileges.
Log into MySQL (mysql -u root -p).
Grant the following privileges:
grant all privileges on your_db.* to your_username@localhost with grant option;
grant reload on *.* to druser2@localhost;
flush privileges;
Synchronizing Drupal Sites
Now that you have a duplicate of your original site (@site2), you can use it for development work. If you make codebase modifications to it, you can use the core-rsync command to sync the files with the original (@site1):
drush core-rsync @site2 @site1
Obviously, you would not want to copy the settings.php file again, which prevents making database changes again. Next, to sync the database as well, run the same sql-sync command:
drush sql-sync @site2 @site1 --create-db
In most cases, it's recommended that the receiving database is emptied before the copy (using the --create-db option) to avoid conflicting configuration saved in the database that will then cause problems.
Remote sites
nano /root/.drush/aliases.drushrc.php
And let's create a new alias for a site on a remote server. Copy the following code below and replace appropriately with your information:
$aliases['site3'] = array(
'root' => '/var/www/drupal_folder3',
'uri' => '99.99.99.99/drupal_folder3',
'remote-host' => '99.99.99.99'
);
So, what does this mean? The site with the alias @site3 is located in the folder drupal_folder3 on the remote server and has that URI pointing to it on the remote server. This is to be expected. Additionally, you have to specify the remote host (which is the IP address of the remote host). Given that you have set up SSH keys, you will not be required to enter a password unless of course you have a password protecting your private SSH key itself, which I recommend if you are creating keys between two remote hosts (none being your personal computer).
And that's it. Now when you run the commands we've be talking about, you can perform the same actions remotely, as well as migrating and keeping sites synchronized. But just to test out the alias, run:
drush @site3 status
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Russia restored its communications with the International Space Station and satellites this morning after repairing a cable in Moscow that had been damaged during roadworks, Russian space agency Roscosmos has announced.
Roadworks in Moscow actually interrupted space traffic yesterday as an accidentally severed cable cut Russia's communication links with its space hardware overnight.
The hardware didn't seem unusually bothered, and communications with the International Space Station were routed through the USA for the duration, but when the link went down yesterday, the Russian space agency was saying it could take 48 hours to get comms back online - though it seems that was a worst-case scenario.
"They can see the crew and can talk to them, but they cannot send any commands to the Russian segments" an unnamed source told the Russian news agency RIA Novosti at the time, though it seems the interruption was short-lived as backup systems kicked in.
The fallback, routing comms though America, seems to have worked effectively and the incident won't change the scheduled return of half the ISS crew next week (19 November) who'll be replaced a month later - returning the ISS to its full complement of six.
"The crew trains for this and it's a normal routine to work without communication," the Russian head of human space flight, Sergei Krikalyev, told the ITAR-TASS news agency. ®
Bootnote
*The only British astronaut, Major Tim Peake, has yet to fly in space. As and when he does, however, it will be on a mission to the ISS so we think this subhead is justifiable.
|
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"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Time Teller Acetate
6 Colors
Time Teller Acetate
InMatte Black / Camo
In Stock
$125.00
The Story
If time is relative
An original Nixon design, its look is clean, simple and on point. A tried and true crowd favorite, The Time Teller Acetate features a custom handmade acetate 3-link bracelet for a truly beautiful effect.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Center element inside div (circle)
How to center element inside circle. Here is example how is now https://codepen.io/anon/pen/JNmEVB. What I need to make to center inside div. I am trying with margin: 0 auto; but nothig :(. Do you guys any ideas how to make this. I need to center counter inside circle
Html
<body>
<div id="del-countdown">
<div id="clock"></div>
<div id="units">
<span>Hours</span>
<span>Minutes</span>
<span>Seconds</span>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Css
* { margin:0; padding:0; box-sizing:border-box; }
body {
font-family: Ubuntu, sans-serif;
}
h1 {
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 74px;
letter-spacing: 10px;
margin-bottom: 70px;
}
#del-countdown {
width: 600px;
height: 600px;
margin: 15% auto;
background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.3);
border-radius: 50%;
border-style: solid;
border-color: #0000ff;
}
#clock span {
float: left;
text-align: center;
font-size: 84px;
margin: 0 2.5%;
color: #fff;
padding: 20px;
width: 20%;
border-radius: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
#clock span:nth-child(1) {
background: #fa5559;
}
#clock span:nth-child(2) {
background: #26c2b9;
}
#clock span:nth-child(3) {
background: #f6bc58;
}
#clock:after {
content: '';
display: block;
clear: both;
}
#units span {
float: left;
width: 25%;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 30px;
color: #ddd;
text-transform: uppercase;
font-size: 13px;
letter-spacing: 2px;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.7);
}
span.turn {
animation: turn 0.7s ease forwards;
}
@keyframes turn {
0% {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
100% {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
}
JS
"use strict";
function updateTimer(deadline) {
var time = deadline - new Date();
return {
hours: Math.floor(time / (1000 * 60 * 60) % 24),
minutes: Math.floor(time / 1000 / 60 % 60),
seconds: Math.floor(time / 1000 % 60),
total: time
};
}
function animateClock(span) {
span.className = "turn";
setTimeout(function () {
span.className = "";
}, 700);
}
function startTimer(id, deadline) {
var timerInterval = setInterval(function () {
var clock = document.getElementById(id);
var timer = updateTimer(deadline);
clock.innerHTML = "<span>" + timer.hours + "</span><span>" + timer.minutes + "</span><span>" + timer.seconds + "</span>";
var spans = clock.getElementsByTagName("span");
animateClock(spans[2]);
if (timer.seconds == 59){
animateClock(spans[1]);
}
if (timer.minutes == 59 && timer.seconds == 59){
animateClock(spans[0]);
}
if (timer.total < 1) {
clearInterval(timerInterval);
clock.innerHTML = "<span>0</span><span>0</span><span>0</span>";
}
}, 1000);
}
window.onload = function () {
var deadline = new Date("Jan 1, 2018 12:00:00");
startTimer("clock", deadline);
};
A:
You can use flexbox.
"use strict";
function updateTimer(deadline) {
var time = deadline - new Date();
return {
hours: Math.floor(time / (1000 * 60 * 60) % 24),
minutes: Math.floor(time / 1000 / 60 % 60),
seconds: Math.floor(time / 1000 % 60),
total: time
};
}
function animateClock(span) {
span.className = "turn";
setTimeout(function () {
span.className = "";
}, 700);
}
function startTimer(id, deadline) {
var timerInterval = setInterval(function () {
var clock = document.getElementById(id);
var timer = updateTimer(deadline);
clock.innerHTML = "<span>" + timer.hours + "</span><span>" + timer.minutes + "</span><span>" + timer.seconds + "</span>";
var spans = clock.getElementsByTagName("span");
animateClock(spans[2]);
if (timer.seconds == 59){
animateClock(spans[1]);
}
if (timer.minutes == 59 && timer.seconds == 59){
animateClock(spans[0]);
}
if (timer.total < 1) {
clearInterval(timerInterval);
clock.innerHTML = "<span>0</span><span>0</span><span>0</span>";
}
}, 1000);
}
window.onload = function () {
var deadline = new Date("Jan 1, 2018 12:00:00");
startTimer("clock", deadline);
};
* { margin:0; padding:0; box-sizing:border-box; }
body {
font-family: Ubuntu, sans-serif;
}
h1 {
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 74px;
letter-spacing: 10px;
margin-bottom: 70px;
}
#del-countdown {
width: 600px;
height: 600px;
margin: 15% auto;
background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.3);
border-radius: 50%;
border-style: solid;
border-color: #0000ff;
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
flex-direction: column;
}
#clock,#units {
width: 100%;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
#clock span {
text-align: center;
font-size: 84px;
margin: 0 2.5%;
color: #fff;
padding: 20px;
width: 20%;
border-radius: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
#clock span:nth-child(1) {
background: #fa5559;
}
#clock span:nth-child(2) {
background: #26c2b9;
}
#clock span:nth-child(3) {
background: #f6bc58;
}
#clock:after {
content: '';
display: block;
clear: both;
}
#units span {
width: 25%;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 30px;
color: #ddd;
text-transform: uppercase;
font-size: 13px;
letter-spacing: 2px;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.7);
}
span.turn {
animation: turn 0.7s ease forwards;
}
@keyframes turn {
0% {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
100% {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
}
<body>
<div id="del-countdown">
<div id="clock"></div>
<div id="units">
<span>Hours</span>
<span>Minutes</span>
<span>Seconds</span>
</div>
</div>
</body>
|
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Prosecutors say three young children in rural Pennsylvania are lucky to be alive after police recently rescued them from a locked room in their home where they’d allegedly been kept for three months — wasting away — with no heat and little food.
“The door to the room was locked from the outside and the paint on the wall was peeled off at the height of the kids,” Dauphin County District Attorney Ed Marsico tells PEOPLE. “We theorize they’d been peeling it off in order to eat it.”
“This is a horrific case that almost led to the death of three children,” Marsico says.
The children — ages 4, 5 and 6 — were taken from the home of Brandi and Joshua Weyant in Halifax Township, Pennsylvania, on Dec. 16 and rushed to a nearby hospital.
Two of the siblings were days away from death, authorities say.
• Want to keep up with the latest crime coverage? Click here to get breaking crime news, ongoing trial coverage and details of intriguing unsolved cases in the True Crime Newsletter
The Weyants are being held in jail on $1 million bail and are charged with aggravated assault, conspiracy, false imprisonment, unlawful restraint and child endangerment.
The couple’s court-appointed attorney did not return phone calls from PEOPLE.
All three of the children were severely malnourished, underweight and, according to the court documents, their skin was covered with urine, feces, animal hair and dirt.
“They were allowed to essentially waste away in a locked room without any nourishment while, at the same time, animals in the house were well fed,” says Marsico, who adds that the couple is looking at “years in prison” if convicted of the charges against them.
• Pick up PEOPLE’s special edition True Crime Stories: Cases That Shocked America, on sale now, for the latest on Casey Anthony, JonBenét Ramsey and more.
Authorities first became aware of the situation at the couple’s home after a social services worker visited the residence on Dec. 15 to check in on an occupant in the house. Marsico says that when the worker spotted one of the children, they immediately sensed something was wrong and the police were contacted.
Story continues
Brandi, 38, allegedly blamed the abuse on her husband, according to court documents. She told investigators that no one besides she and Joshua had seen the children since this summer, the documents allege — explaining that “she couldn’t leave the house with them ” once they “began to look as they do now.”
Brandi also allegedly told caseworkers that she didn’t believe any of the children are “biologically” related to her or her husband, even though they have their last name.
“Police are currently trying to determine who the parents are,” Marsico says.
When questioned by investigators, Joshua, 33, allegedly displayed “no emotion of any kind” after being shown photographs of the malnourished kids, according to the criminal complaint, insisting simply that he “didn’t want the children overfed.”
The couple’s next court date has yet to be scheduled. It was not immediately clear if they have entered a plea to their charges.
The children, who are now being cared for by a foster parent who is a nurse, were eventually released from the hospital, but one of them had to be rushed back to the facility in order to receive further treatment.
“They still have a way to go medically, physically and who knows what the developmental impacts will be on them,” Marsico says. “They’re young kids, but they’re old enough to know the hell they were put through.”
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Zhou Xun, Kara Hui and Angie Chiu have already finished filming 24-episode webdrama The Imperfect Woman 不完美的她 (lit.), a remake of Japanese drama Mother.
It might have started in early 2018, when a tweet proposing a Chinese drama featuring female friends whose lives aren’t revolving around romance and kids got millions of retweets as women across China (and overseas) shared their wishes to see more female characters with diverse aspirations and female friendships not tied together by their common rivalry for a man.
In the year since then, companies seem to have picked up the hint as one after another modern female ensemble dramas began production this year. The dramas range from women fighting their place in college (Unfazed at Twenty ) to women dealing with mid-life crises to women seeking to find a new meaning in life in old age (Good Times).
Here’s a look at some of the announced upcoming female ensemble dramas, which one are you looking forward to the most?
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Doctor Who: Jodie Whittaker Officially Your New Doctor
The next Doctor has been announced, and for some, it’s completely out of left field. Enter actress Jodi Whittaker. Peter Capaldi—who plays Doctor Number 12—is set to step out of the Tardis once last time this year in the Doctor Who Christmas special and fans were speculating who is replacement would be.
To back up for a minute (SPOILERS); the last time we left the Doctor, he had just defeated the Cybermen once again with the aid of his companions and two versions of his arch nemesis, The Master…you ready that right, two of them. The classic act of regeneration kicked in because of the damage The Doctor sustained, but this time The Doctor refused to change.
News of Capaldi leaving the show ramped up bets on who would take up the mantel. Many said it was time for an actor of color to take the role while others wanted an actress to play the character as it had been long overdue.
As always, the crowds are left with their heads scratching on who is Jodi Whittaker—when announced— and to that I say,
“Watch Attack the Block and especially BBC’s Broadchurch.”
Whittaker’s performance is absolutely brilliant in the show which co-stars another former Doctor, David Tennant.
The introduction of a female Time Lord is not set outside the realm of possibility as the recent years have brought in Missy, a female version of The Master, that some would say was played amazingly well by actress Michelle Gomez.
Whittaker, 35, said it was “more than an honour”; to become the Doctor and I would have to add that it’s going to be an interesting and most likely a fantastic performance from her.
Welcome aboard Jodie Whittaker, you’ll fit in just fine among the past Doctors.
Jodi Whittaker will make her regeneration debut this year when Peter Capaldi bids farewell during the Christmas Day show.
Managing Editor, Writer
Lifelong film fanatic, Mark Salcido was discovered frozen in carbonite by C.H.U.Ds. He was released to the surface level to spread his rants and opinions on anything of film and digital. Batman calls him for advice.
|
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
24 Hour Locksmith Support in Marblehead, MA
If you are searching for a Locksmith company in Marblehead, MA, you've reached the absolute right place. We, in Marblehead Locksmiths, work with the most professional, trusted and legitimate technicians that can give you the optimal support you will get. Our goal is the customer's fulfillment, and we'll ensure you will feel secure and safe along with our work. We're also utilizing materials of the top quality from the leading manufacturers and suppliers, which means that our work will be as good as it gets. Our specialists in Marblehead Locksmiths are equipped with very high quality tool kit in order to produce the work they do as professional as they possibly can, with absolutely no waiting times associated with their products. We think a really good tech isn't necessarily the one which found out and received knowledge in the locksmith world, but also the a person that can deal with any difficulty, and to advocate unique solutions to any problem, when he comes with the tools to handle it right away. That's the reason we're equipping our techs with the most comfortable, high quality tools and techniques.
In Marblehead Locksmiths we are giving professional services for residential, commercial, emergency plus much more. We are presenting deadbolt replacing, deadbolt unit installation, doors repairing, car lock-out, doors opening, gates set ups, high security locks, padlocks, master security locks, cabinet's locks, safe installations, duplication of lost ignition keys, Emergency door breaching and a lot more. If you aren't confident that every one of your doors at your home include good locks, or maybe for any reason you're not feeling secure enough when using the locks on them, you can easlily check with us about that. For extra details about our services, delivers and products, just simply feel free to call us Right now, at (781) 816-2983, and we'll be much more than happy to resolve your concerns, or supporting with any sort of locksmith problem you can have.
In Marblehead Locksmiths, We believe the customer must be happy with our job. This is exactly why we're working with all of our equipment to make it happen - Top notch solutions, low prices, expert employees and top-quality products. The combo of those is making our consumers pleased; their own feelings of secure is the most essential element, since it is the target in the locksmith sector. Locksmith isn't a business for amateurs, even though new comers are usually welcome to this field. Nonetheless, many companies are utilising the wrong accessories, low quality products, beginner techs, and asking for high rates for that terrible work they are offering. This is the reason that we are so proud of our business, our professional services and our price ranges. We are offering the top of the line products, with the most pro technicians in very decent rates. Marblehead Locksmiths is simply another name for integrity and value.
Contact us today for reasonable service with good prices, along with the very best employees within the locksmith sector (781) 816-2983
|
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2: a novel transcription target of p53 in apoptosis.
The p53 tumor suppressor plays critical roles in diverse cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis through transcriptional control of its target genes. Identification and characterization of new p53 target genes will advance our understanding of how p53 exerts its multiple regulatory functions. In this article, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2 (MKP2) is a novel transcription target of p53 in mediating apoptosis. Moreover, we identify a 10-bp perfect palindrome motif (CTGGCGCCAG) in the MKP2 promoter as a new binding site for p53 to activate the MKP2 gene. This GC-rich palindrome is completely different from the consensus p53 binding sequence. Induction of MKP2 is highly responsive to oxidative stress in a p53-dependent manner. Interestingly, the p53-dependent induction of MKP2 is prominent only in the cellular response to stimuli leading to apoptosis but not to cell cycle arrest. In response to oxidative stress, MKP2 is not only required for p53-mediated apoptosis, but ectopic MKP2 expression can also enhance apoptotic responses even independent of p53. These data suggest that p53 regulates distinct genes via different binding mechanisms and that MKP2 is an essential target of p53 in signaling apoptosis.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
I used to hear stuff like this all the time when I was in banking and dealing with so-called “adults“. To be honest, it was mostly the younger adults, but not always. Now that I’m out of the business of dealing with adults, I hear a lot of complaints from kids that sound eerily familiar and worry me about the future.
“I got yelled at because I had my phone out during a test. I was just checking the time!”
“He gave me Friday Detention because I didn’t turn in my homework on Tuesday.”
“Stupid Principal, called my parents because I didn’t go to school yesterday, now I’m in trouble at home too.”
What are all these people really saying? Really, they are expressing their own disappointment in their jobs or in their performance at school. The adults know, however deep-down, that their setbacks are not the fault of the other person. They know that their own behavior led to the situations about which they are reacting. It just feels better to bitch about who wronged you were. They know that there are probably reasons why one person will get a promotion over another. Sometimes these decisions are unfair, but most of the time they are justified. They know that bosses have a lot on their plates, and sometimes don’t have the ability to see everything they should. They know that part of their bosses’ responsibilities might be to make sure that they are doing the job they are paid to do. They know that they are held accountable to be at work on time every time.
My kids at school are at a precipice. I want to believe that they also know that they can’t blame Teacher X or Principal Y for their own misfortune. I want to believe that they really understand that they chose to violate the dress code. I want to believe that they know that they can’t pull out their cells during a test without opening themselves up to the possibility of being accused of cheating. I hope they understand that there are consequences for actions, and in the case of not doing homework, for inaction. I want to believe that they understand that cutting class is a big deal, and parents get a little pissed about these kinds of things.
But should I?
It wasn’t until fairly recently that I put it together in my head that the parents of the kids that complain about the world being against them are the same people who are complaining about how the world is against them! This is a learned behavior.
So how do we fight back?
It starts with me: If you are a parent, or like me, a teacher, or any other kind of role model, you need to let it start with you. We all have bad days at work, bad months even. We need to be honest with ourselves to recognize that sometimes stuff just happens. Sometimes we contribute to the problem by our reactions, and sometimes we create the problems. We need to act and react in a proper way so that those watching us with little eyes can learn the correct way to handle adversity.
Take control early: All of the above statements share one thing. They are all statements of reaction. Too often, we get busy, or bogged down in day-to-day details to think about proactively attacking situation. If my boss isn’t prone to notice the contributions I make to the company, maybe I should take some time to point out, in a respectful way, how valuable I am to the company before I get frustrated.
Be your best you: I get that it can become tough and monotonous to come in to work every day and give your absolute best. That’s what vacations are for. That’s what time off (weekends or just time between shifts) is for. I’m sorry, and I know full well how hard it is for me as well, but you have to be the best you possible whenever you go to work. Not just because your boss will like it, not because it is your job to do your best, but because doing so can motivate others around you to up their game as well.
These are just three of hundreds of things that you can do to deal with many of the setbacks that seem to creep up when least expected and least wanted. I’m sure there are more ideas, and I look forward to hearing what your ideas might be.
Of course we don’t just try to shift blame when it comes to work. Dylan wrote this song, but I firmly believe Mr. Cash did it best. Enjoy!
|
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Q:
Bootstrap4 Disabled button white instead of supposed color
I am using a bootstrap button on one of my page, that is disabled, and the styling seems to not be working properly
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0-alpha.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<button disabled class="btn btn-primary">suivant</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary disabled">suivant</button>
I tried these 2 ways and the result look like this for both approach: initial look || on Mouse over
EDIT: Important to mention that i only have bootstrap4, no personnal style sheet and no other themes
This is a react Project, className is used instead of class
A:
https://codepen.io/jacobweyer/pen/ybqxBK
I've updated this codepen to show Bootstrap4 buttons with BS4 alpha 6. They look like they show up as intended in and outside of React.
<button class="btn btn-primary">suivant</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary" disabled>suivant disabled</button>
|
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The present invention relates generally to photography apparatus and more particularly to an assembly for performing close-up and copy photography of an object.
Until the present time, close-up and copy photography of the type contemplated herein has required the use of a bellows device. Because such a bellows device is normally used in conventional apparatus, it is difficult to achieve an operative association between an exposure control signal from a camera which is utilized with the device, and which is mounted on a side of the bellows device, and a diaphragm device of the photography apparatus located on a side of the bellows device. Because of the shortcomings involved with the utilization of a bellows device it is difficult to effect the desired photography operations with automatic exposure control such as automatic control of the aperture of the lens by means of an exposure control signal from the camera. Furthermore, in apparatus utilizing a bellows device, when the magnification ratio is to be varied, the total length of the photography apparatus including the camera, the bellows and the lens system, must be varied. As a result, the copy stand which supports the photography apparatus must be constructed to be sufficiently rigid to enable the required adjustment. Thus, in order to effect magnification adjustment there will arise troublesome adjusting procedures and the framing and focusing operations can only be effected by incurring significant inconvenience.
In a photography assembly of the type described utilized for close-up or copy photography the camera and the photographing lens are arranged respectively upon opposite sides of the bellows body and the entire apparatus is mounted on a support pole or stanchion of a copy stand with the total length of the photography apparatus being varied depending upon the magnification ratio which must be achieved to produce an adjusted image of the object to be photographed. Thus, in the case of such a bellows device, the overall procedure, including especially the change in magnification ratio, tend to involve troublesome efforts and inefficient operations. A primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a close-up and copy photography system which may be operated more efficiently and with greater ease of operation.
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{
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Navicula
Navicula is a genus of boat-shaped diatom algae, comprising over 1,200 species. Navicula is Latin for "small ship", and also a term in English for a boat-shaped incense-holder.
Diatoms — eukaryotic, primarily aquatic, single-celled photosynthetic organisms — play an important role in global ecology, producing about a quarter of all the oxygen within Earth's biosphere, often serving as foundational organisms, or keystone species in the food chain of many environments where they provide a staple for the diets of many aquatic species.
Mobility
Navicula diatoms are known for their ability to creep about on each other and on hard surfaces such as microscope slides. It is thought that around the outside of the navicula's shell is a girdle of protoplasm that can flow and thus act as a tank track.
See also
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
References
External links
Navicula Image (Missouri State University)
Navicula sp. Diatoms from Guaíba island, Rio de Janeiro.
Bacillariophyceae - Navicula Ohio University
01
Category:Naviculales
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There are almost too many sites and resources for big languages like French, Spanish and German.
When you’re learning a language like these, the problem is usually deciding which resource to use rather than not being able to find one.
But what about those of us who want to learn a less popular language (minority or endangered)?
Often times it’s a real battle to find even one solid resource for a minority or endangered language.
I can’t possibly cover every single language in a post like this so the advice that I could offer for say, Australian Aboriginal languages, could be useless to someone learning a native American language.
But I’ll keep this as general as possible.
Since I put this post together several years ago, awesome sites such as italki have popped up which offer a glimmer of hope for many learners of minority languages.
It doesn’t help everybody however.
Now, because of the difficulty and higher level of frustration involved in learning a minority language, it’s really important that you have the right level of dedication to learning it in the first place.
This is important for all languages but I say even more so for a minority language where there are hardly any resources.
I say this because:
The lack of resources can be incredibly frustrating, discouraging and downright boring.
Very little or no opportunity to practice with other people. You’ll spend most of the time reading and/or listening without much-needed practice time.
Minority languages in nearly all cases don’t offer any financial incentive. In other words, a big language like French or Spanish can help you find employment or get a raise but if you speak the Nyulnyulan language, it’s highly unlikely you’ll make a living out of it.
Minority speakers are often harder to find even in their home country. If you learn Irish for example and travel to Ireland, it’s not always easy to find Irish speakers because there’s another dominant language.
Why do you want to learn a minority language and is your determination strong enough to persevere despite these points?
Here are some steps you can take:
Find out what resources are available first
Pretty obvious starting point.
Since minority language resources are so scarce, it makes sense to take note of and collect all the material at your disposal first.
When I started out learning the Irish language for example, I literally made a list of all available resources both free and paid before I even got started just so I knew what I was working with.
I took note of every decent site, YouTube channel, blog and so on that I could find so I had a really good idea of the kind of stuff out there for learning Irish.
This is also a very good time saving strategy for later because you’ll know where everything is.
Is it enough material though?
So looking at that list of resources you’ve put together and knowing where everything is and what’s available to you – is it actually enough to learn the language?
There is surprisingly a lot available for some really obscure languages.
Take a language like Igbo for example from Nigeria in Africa.
You can find some amazing resources (such as this one) and YouTube channels for learning it which is more than adequate for learning the language to a reasonable level of fluency.
However there also languages like the Jingpho language of Burma which have hardly anything to work with.
So if you do want to learn a language like Jingpho, what do you do without resources?
Get in touch with those who have gone before you first of all
In the case of Jingpho, let’s say the only online resource you can find is a Bible translation site (usually the case for a lot of obscure languages).
This is a helpful starting point.
It means that you know for a fact there are people out there who have already done what you’re trying to do.
And they’re probably the best people to ask off the bat.
Get in touch with them straight away and ask for advice on where you can find resources or who you can contact.
I recently got in contact with some people out in the Northern Territory of Australia to ask about indigenous languages out there and they were super helpful with information so I know this works from experience.
Next stop: Professors and linguistics departments
This is kind of the same advice as above.
Experts on minority and obscure languages are often found in linguistics departments of universities.
My semantics lecturer at university was a fluent speaker of an Australian aboriginal language of which there are no available online resources currently.
He’s one of only a few non-aboriginal guys who know the language and if I wanted to learn it he’d be the guy I’d call.
Google Scholar is awesome for this.
If you go to the Scholar search tool and look for the language you want to learn, you’ll usually get a bunch of journal articles written by experts in it.
You can then take the name of the professor who wrote the paper, do a Google search of him or her and it’ll bring up the department they work for along with their contact details.
There’s no way to be sure how helpful they’ll be until you contact them but it’s definitely a good place to start.
NGO’s, interest groups and government organizations
With a lot of minority and endangered languages around the world you’ll often find government programs or non-profit work being done to revitalize them.
Examples of these are the Aboriginal Resource And Development Services (ARDS) in Australia, Our Mother Tongues in the US, Korero Maori in New Zealand, E-Skuvla in Norway and Gaelchultúr in Ireland.
Also try community and religious groups in your area.
The important thing is that you put yourself out there and try every avenue.
When you have limited video and audio material
You can actually learn a heck of a lot from very limited audio and video material. More than you realize is possible in fact.
The Irish I learned in 8 months back before I traveled to the Gaeltacht was mostly learned from watching just a handful of the same videos repeatedly.
It actually doesn’t require a whole lot of audio and video material to pick up the structure, phonetics and the general rhythm of the language.
Cardinal Mezzofanti for example reportedly gained most of his insight into the 39 languages he learned by listening to people say the Lord’s prayer in their language. From that little bit of information he was able to learn a lot about how each language worked.
You can pick up a lot of the language just by listening to the same audio or video repeatedly.
Sometimes having tonnes of resources deludes you into thinking that you’re making more progress but of course there’s a limit to how much you can actually use anyway.
Finally: be a trailblazer
If you are learning a language with extremely limited resources then be part of the solution.
People coming after you who want to learn can benefit from your progress.
This is how you can do it:
Create a blog like this one. Document your progress learning the language (as I did with Irish for example) and offer advice to help the next person.
Further to that, be the only resource on the Internet with material for that language. All the resources you discover and create yourself should be shared and made available to benefit others. New learners will love you for it.
Of course if you have the money and time then travel. Learn the language while making a difference in their community. Help raise awareness if it’s an endangered language by letting the world know about it.
Hope that helps!
Are you learning a minority or endangered language? What resources have you found?
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Calchaquí
The Calchaquí or Kalchakí were a tribe of South American Indians of the Diaguita group, now extinct, who formerly occupied northern Argentina. Stone and other remains prove them to have reached a high degree of civilization. Under the leadership of Juan Calchaquí they offered a vigorous resistance to the first Spanish colonists coming from Chile.
Their language, known as Cacán, became extinct in the mid-17th century or beginning of 18th century. Its genetic classification remains unclear. The language was supposedly documented by the Jesuit Alonso de Bárcena, but the manuscript is lost.
Friedrich Ratzel in The History of Mankind reported in 1896 that among the Calchaquis of Northern Argentina is found pottery painted with line drawings of birds, reptiles, and human faces, which remind one of Peruvian and Malay work. The Calchaqui people had bronze age technology.
Etymology
The name of "Calchaquí" was not given until the 17th century. The Europeans called "Calchaquíes" to a set of Diaguita cultures, such as Yocavil, Quilme, Tafí, Chicoana, Tilcara, Purmamarca, among others. The denomination "Calchaquí" seems to derive from one of the main kuraka (chief) who opposed the Spaniards: Kalchakí called by the Spaniards Juan Calchaquí, who dominated in the valley of Yocavil. Kalcha means "courageous" or "brave" and Qui means "very" or "much".
Life and Culture
They were farmers, herders, and great potters. They worshipped the sun, the moon, thunder and the earth, and spoke their own language called kakán. With the third expansion of the Inca territory, in 1480, they were incorporated into the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu), from which they received a strong cultural influence.
Calchaquí Wars
During the whole period of the conquest the Spaniards had not been able to penetrate in the Calchaquíes Valleys, where the Diaguita culture (Pazioca or Pazioc) had taken refuge, an advanced confederation of independent agro-pottery lordships belonging to the Santa María culture, united by a common language, the Kakán, and in turn part of the great group of the Andean civilizations. The Spaniards referred to their members, incorrectly, as Calchaquíes, name corresponding to one of the Pazioca lordships (called "curacazgos" by the Spanish). These lordships were gathered in three great nations: Pular to the north, Diaguita to the west and Calchaquí to the east. Minor groups were the Ocloy formed by 2,000 people and the Calchaquí, some 12,500 people (2,500 tributary Indians), according to Sotelo Narváez (1583). An ancestral tradition of self-sufficiency of the Paziocas and the scarce number of Spaniards in Tucumán, allowed a series of defense acts of its territory by the Pular-Diaguita-Calchaquí confederation, known as Calchachi by the Spanish. These fights have been historically known as the Calchaquí Wars that extended for more than a century.
The First Calchaquí War was unleashed in 1560 and was led by the kuraka Juan Calchaquí along with the kurakas Quipildor and Viltipoco. The confederation managed to keep the Europeans out of its territory, razing the three new cities founded by the Spaniards: Cañete, Córdoba de Calchaquí, and Londres.
The Viltipoco rebellion. Later in 1594 Viltipoco, chief of the Omaguaca, initiated a new uprising gathering an army of 10,000 lances, however, 25 Spaniards and their native allies under the command of the captain Francisco de Argañaras y Murguía infiltrated the Quebrada de Humahuaca where they attacked by surprise the enemy camp, killing the chiefs and capturing Viltipoco, who was taken to San Salvador de Jujuy where he died in prison some years later.
The Second Calchaquí War lasted 7 years (1630-1637) and was directed by the kuraka Chalamín. The Paziocas again destroyed the cities installed by the Spaniards, Londres II and Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe. In 1637 the Spanish army captured and executed Chalamín. The inhabitants who participated in the war were deported and reduced to slavery by the Spaniards.
The Third Calchaquí War lasted for eight years (1658-1667). This war had the particularity that, in its beginnings, the Spanish adventurer Pedro Bohórquez, who claimed to be Inca, the "Inca Hualpa" (Inka Wallpa), was accepted as a military leader by the Paziocas. Bohórquez maneuvered cunningly, obtained even the support of the Jesuits and organized a solid indigenous army of 6,000 warriors with which he maintained control of the region for several years. However, in 1659, Bohórquez handed over to the Spaniards with the intention of being forgiven, who sent him to Lima and finally executed him. The confederation continued the war led by José Henriquez. When the lordship of Quilme was defeated in 1665, the Spaniards ordered their complete uprooting and deportation of all its 11,000 members to the Pampean territories close to Buenos Aires, where the city of Quilmes stands today, and where they finally disappeared as an ethnic group. The war ended on January 2, 1667, when the last of the Pazioca lordships, Acali or Calian, was defeated. The Spaniards took the decision to divide, deport, and reduce all the Diaguita peoples to slavery.
See Also
Diaguita
Pedro Bohórquez
Tucumán Province
References
Category:Diaguita
Category:Indigenous peoples in Argentina
Category:Salta Province
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