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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#LabVIEW
LabVIEW
  {if true then YES else NO} -> YES {if false then YES else NO} -> NO  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#Lambdatalk
Lambdatalk
  {if true then YES else NO} -> YES {if false then YES else NO} -> NO  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher
Caesar cipher
Task Implement a Caesar cipher, both encoding and decoding. The key is an integer from 1 to 25. This cipher rotates (either towards left or right) the letters of the alphabet (A to Z). The encoding replaces each letter with the 1st to 25th next letter in the alphabet (wrapping Z to A). So key 2 encrypts "HI" to...
#zonnon
zonnon
  module Caesar; const size = 25;   type Operation = (code,decode);   procedure C_D(s:string;k:integer;op: Operation): string; var i,key: integer; resp: string; n,c: char; begin resp := ""; if op = Operation.decode then key := k else key := (26 - k) end; for i := 0 to len(s) - 1 do c := cap(s[i]); if (c >= ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass
Box the compass
There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree! They know not how to box the compass! Task description Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading. Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass...
#Huginn
Huginn
import Algorithms as algo; import Text as text;   class Compass { _majors = none; _quarter1 = none; _quarter2 = none; constructor() { _majors = algo.materialize( text.split( "north east south west", " " ), tuple ); _majors += _majors; _quarter1 = text.split( "N,N by E,N-NE,NE by N,NE,NE by E,E-NE,E ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations
Bitwise operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#C.23
C#
static void bitwise(int a, int b) { Console.WriteLine("a and b is {0}", a & b); Console.WriteLine("a or b is {0}", a | b); Console.WriteLine("a xor b is {0}", a ^ b); Console.WriteLine("not a is {0}", ~a); Console.WriteLine("a lshift b is {0}", a << b)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap
Bitmap
Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image, and some primitive associated functions. If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image, given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:   one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,   one to set a given pixe...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream> #include <boost/gil/gil_all.hpp> int main() { using namespace boost::gil; // create 30x40 image rgb8_image_t img(30, 40);   // fill with red rgb8_pixel_t red(255, 0, 0); fill_pixels(view(img), red);   // set pixel at 10x20 to blue rgb8_pixel_t blue(0, 0, 255); vie...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/B%C3%A9zier_curves/Cubic
Bitmap/Bézier curves/Cubic
Using the data storage type defined on this page for raster images, and the draw_line function defined in this other one, draw a cubic bezier curve (definition on Wikipedia).
#XPL0
XPL0
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations   proc Bezier(P0, P1, P2, P3); \Draw cubic Bezier curve real P0, P1, P2, P3; def Segments = 8; int I; real S1, T, T2, T3, U, U2, U3, B, C, X, Y; [Move(fix(P0(0)), fix(P0(1))); S1:= 1./float(Segments); T:= 0.; for I:= 1 to Segments-1 do [T:= T+S...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/B%C3%A9zier_curves/Cubic
Bitmap/Bézier curves/Cubic
Using the data storage type defined on this page for raster images, and the draw_line function defined in this other one, draw a cubic bezier curve (definition on Wikipedia).
#zkl
zkl
fcn cBezier(p0x,p0y, p1x,p1y, p2x,p2y, p3x,p3y, rgb, numPts=500){ numPts.pump(Void,'wrap(t){ // B(t) t=t.toFloat()/numPts; t1:=(1.0 - t); a:=t1*t1*t1; b:=t*t1*t1*3; c:=t1*t*t*3; d:=t*t*t; x:=a*p0x + b*p1x + c*p2x + d*p3x + 0.5; y:=a*p0y + b*p1y + c*p2y + d*p3y + 0.5; __sSet(rgb,x,y); }); ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Biorhythms
Biorhythms
For a while in the late 70s, the pseudoscience of biorhythms was popular enough to rival astrology, with kiosks in malls that would give you your weekly printout. It was also a popular entry in "Things to Do with your Pocket Calculator" lists. You can read up on the history at Wikipedia, but the main takeaway is that u...
#VBA
VBA
Function Biorhythm(Birthdate As Date, Targetdate As Date) As String   'Jagged Array TextArray = Array(Array("up and rising", "peak"), Array("up but falling", "transition"), Array("down and falling", "valley"), Array("down but rising", "transition"))   DaysBetween = Targetdate - Birthdate   positionP = DaysBetween Mod 2...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Biorhythms
Biorhythms
For a while in the late 70s, the pseudoscience of biorhythms was popular enough to rival astrology, with kiosks in malls that would give you your weekly printout. It was also a popular entry in "Things to Do with your Pocket Calculator" lists. You can read up on the history at Wikipedia, but the main takeaway is that u...
#Vlang
Vlang
import time import math   const cycles = ["Physical day ", "Emotional day", "Mental day "] const lengths = [23, 28, 33] const quadrants = [ ["up and rising", "peak"], ["up but falling", "transition"], ["down and falling", "valley"], ["down but rising", "transition"], ]   // Parameters assumed to be in...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers
Bell numbers
Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a...
#11l
11l
F bellTriangle(n) [[BigInt]] tri L(i) 0 .< n tri.append([BigInt(0)] * i) tri[1][0] = 1 L(i) 2 .< n tri[i][0] = tri[i - 1][i - 2] L(j) 1 .< i tri[i][j] = tri[i][j - 1] + tri[i - 1][j - 1] R tri   V bt = bellTriangle(51) print(‘First fifteen and fiftieth Bell numbers:’) L(i) 1..1...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings
Binary strings
Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks. This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la...
#AWK
AWK
#!/usr/bin/awk -f   BEGIN { # string creation a="123\0 abc "; b="456\x09"; c="789"; printf("abc=<%s><%s><%s>\n",a,b,c);   # string comparison printf("(a==b) is %i\n",a==b)   # string copying A = a; B = b; C = c; printf("ABC=<%s><%s><%s>\n",A,B,C);   # check if string is empty if (length(a)==0) { printf...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits
Bin given limits
You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the range of each bin. (Assuming zero-based indexing) bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0] bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1] ...
#C
C
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>   size_t upper_bound(const int* array, size_t n, int value) { size_t start = 0; while (n > 0) { size_t step = n / 2; size_t index = start + step; if (value >= array[index]) { start = index + 1; n -= step + 1; } else {...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count
Bioinformatics/base count
Given this string representing ordered DNA bases: CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG TCAGTCCCAATGTG...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "sort" )   func main() { dna := "" + "CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG" + "CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG" + "AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT" + "GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTA...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits
Binary digits
Task Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given   non-negative integer. The decimal value   5   should produce an output of   101 The decimal value   50   should produce an output of   110010 The decimal value   9000   should produce an output of   10001100101000 ...
#11l
11l
L(n) [0, 5, 50, 9000] print(‘#4 = #.’.format(n, bin(n)))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm
Task Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images, draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defun draw-line (buffer x1 y1 x2 y2 pixel) (declare (type rgb-pixel-buffer buffer)) (declare (type integer x1 y1 x2 y2)) (declare (type rgb-pixel pixel)) (let* ((dist-x (abs (- x1 x2))) (dist-y (abs (- y1 y2))) (steep (> dist-y dist-x))) (when steep (psetf x1 y1 y1 x1 x...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation
Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation
Task Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by: Choosing a random base position in the sequence. Mutate the sequence by doing one of either: Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o...
#Phix
Phix
string dna = repeat(' ',200+rand(300)) for i=1 to length(dna) do dna[i] = "ACGT"[rand(4)] end for procedure show() sequence acgt = repeat(0,5) for i=1 to length(dna) do acgt[find(dna[i],"ACGT")] += 1 end for acgt[$] = sum(acgt) sequence s = split(trim(join_by(split(join_by(dna,1,10,""),"\n...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation
Bitcoin/address validation
Bitcoin/address validation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument, and checks whether or not this address is valid. A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th...
#Python
Python
from hashlib import sha256   digits58 = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'   def decode_base58(bc, length): n = 0 for char in bc: n = n * 58 + digits58.index(char) return n.to_bytes(length, 'big') def check_bc(bc): try: bcbytes = decode_base58(bc, 25) re...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation
Bitcoin/address validation
Bitcoin/address validation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument, and checks whether or not this address is valid. A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th...
#Racket
Racket
  #lang racket/base   ;; Same sha-256 interface as the same-named task (require ffi/unsafe ffi/unsafe/define openssl/libcrypto) (define-ffi-definer defcrypto libcrypto) (defcrypto SHA256_Init (_fun _pointer -> _int)) (defcrypto SHA256_Update (_fun _pointer _pointer _long -> _int)) (defcrypto SHA256_Final (_fun _poin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill
Bitmap/Flood fill
Implement a flood fill. A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall...
#Perl
Perl
#! /usr/bin/perl   use strict; use Image::Imlib2;   my $img = Image::Imlib2->load("Unfilledcirc.jpg"); $img->set_color(0, 255, 0, 255); $img->fill(100,100); $img->save("filledcirc.jpg"); exit 0;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill
Bitmap/Flood fill
Implement a flood fill. A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall...
#Phix
Phix
-- demo\rosetta\Bitmap_FloodFill.exw (runnable version) include ppm.e -- blue, green, read_ppm(), write_ppm() (covers above requirements)   function ff(sequence img, integer x, y, colour, target) if x>=1 and x<=length(img) and y>=1 and y<=length(img[x]) and img[x][y]=target then img[x][y] = colour...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#Lasso
Lasso
!true // => false   not false // => true   var(x = true) $x // => true   $x = false $x // => false
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#Latitude
Latitude
  > 'true true > 'false false > (or 'false 'false) false > (or 'false 'true) true  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher
Caesar cipher
Task Implement a Caesar cipher, both encoding and decoding. The key is an integer from 1 to 25. This cipher rotates (either towards left or right) the letters of the alphabet (A to Z). The encoding replaces each letter with the 1st to 25th next letter in the alphabet (wrapping Z to A). So key 2 encrypts "HI" to...
#ZX_Spectrum_Basic
ZX Spectrum Basic
10 LET t$="PACK MY BOX WITH FIVE DOZEN LIQUOR JUGS" 20 PRINT t$'' 30 LET key=RND*25+1 40 LET k=key: GO SUB 1000: PRINT t$'' 50 LET k=26-key: GO SUB 1000: PRINT t$ 60 STOP 1000 FOR i=1 TO LEN t$ 1010 LET c= CODE t$(i) 1020 IF c<65 OR c>90 THEN GO TO 1050 1030 LET c=c+k: IF c>90 THEN LET c=c-90+64 1040 LET t$(i)=CHR$ c ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass
Box the compass
There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree! They know not how to box the compass! Task description Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading. Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
link strings,numbers   procedure main()   every heading := 11.25 * (i := 0 to 32) do { case i%3 of { 1: heading +:= 5.62 2: heading -:= 5.62 } write(right(i+1,3)," ",left(direction(heading),20)," ",fix(heading,,7,2)) } end   procedure direction(d) # compass heading given +/- degrees static...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations
Bitwise operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream>   void bitwise(int a, int b) { std::cout << "a and b: " << (a & b) << '\n'; // Note: parentheses are needed because & has lower precedence than << std::cout << "a or b: " << (a | b) << '\n'; std::cout << "a xor b: " << (a ^ b) << '\n'; std::cout << "not a: " << ~a << '\n';   //...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap
Bitmap
Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image, and some primitive associated functions. If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image, given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:   one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,   one to set a given pixe...
#Clojure
Clojure
(import '[java.awt Color Graphics Image] '[java.awt.image BufferedImage])   (defn blank-bitmap [width height] (BufferedImage. width height BufferedImage/TYPE_3BYTE_BGR))   (defn fill [image color] (doto (.getGraphics image) (.setColor color) (.fillRect 0 0 (.getWidth image) (.getHeight image))))   (defn se...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Biorhythms
Biorhythms
For a while in the late 70s, the pseudoscience of biorhythms was popular enough to rival astrology, with kiosks in malls that would give you your weekly printout. It was also a popular entry in "Things to Do with your Pocket Calculator" lists. You can read up on the history at Wikipedia, but the main takeaway is that u...
#Wren
Wren
import "/date" for Date import "/fmt" for Fmt   var cycles = ["Physical day ", "Emotional day", "Mental day "] var lengths = [23, 28, 33] var quadrants = [ ["up and rising", "peak"], ["up but falling", "transition"], ["down and falling", "valley"], ["down but rising", "transition"] ]   var bior...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers
Bell numbers
Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a...
#Ada
Ada
  with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Main is type Bell_Triangle is array(Positive range <>, Positive range <>) of Natural;     procedure Print_Rows (Row : in Positive; Triangle : in Bell_Triangle) is begin if Row in Triangle'Range(1) then for I in Triangle'First(1) .. Row loop Put_Line (Triang...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law
Benford's law
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque...
#11l
11l
F get_fibs() V a = 1.0 V b = 1.0 [Float] r L 1000 r [+]= a (a, b) = (b, a + b) R r   F benford(seq) V freqs = [(0.0, 0.0)] * 9 V seq_len = 0 L(d) seq I d != 0 freqs[String(d)[0].code - ‘1’.code][1]++ seq_len++   L(&f) freqs f = (log10(1.0 + 1.0 / (L.i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings
Binary strings
Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks. This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la...
#BASIC
BASIC
REM STRING CREATION AND DESTRUCTION (WHEN NEEDED AND IF THERE'S NO GARBAGE COLLECTION OR SIMILAR MECHANISM) A$ = "STRING" : REM CREATION A$ = "" : REM DESTRUCTION PRINT FRE(0) : REM GARBAGE COLLECTION   REM STRING ASSIGNMENT A$ = "STRING" : R$ = "DEUX"   REM STRING COMPARISON PRINT A$ = B$; A$ <> B$; A$ < B$; A$ > B$; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings
Binary strings
Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks. This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la...
#BBC_BASIC
BBC BASIC
A$ = CHR$(0) + CHR$(1) + CHR$(254) + CHR$(255) : REM assignment B$ = A$  : REM clone / copy IF A$ = B$ THEN PRINT "Strings are equal"  : REM comparison IF A$ = "" THEN PRINT "String is empty"  : REM Check if empty A$ += CHR$(128) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits
Bin given limits
You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the range of each bin. (Assuming zero-based indexing) bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0] bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1] ...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <algorithm> #include <cassert> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <vector>   std::vector<int> bins(const std::vector<int>& limits, const std::vector<int>& data) { std::vector<int> result(limits.size() + 1, 0); for (int n : data) { auto i = std::upper_bound(lim...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count
Bioinformatics/base count
Given this string representing ordered DNA bases: CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG TCAGTCCCAATGTG...
#Haskell
Haskell
import Data.List (group, sort) import Data.List.Split (chunksOf) import Text.Printf (printf, IsChar(..), PrintfArg(..), fmtChar, fmtPrecision, formatString)   data DNABase = A | C | G | T deriving (Show, Read, Eq, Ord) type DNASequence = [DNABase]   instance IsChar DNABase where toChar = head . show fromC...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits
Binary digits
Task Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given   non-negative integer. The decimal value   5   should produce an output of   101 The decimal value   50   should produce an output of   110010 The decimal value   9000   should produce an output of   10001100101000 ...
#360_Assembly
360 Assembly
* Binary digits 27/08/2015 BINARY CSECT USING BINARY,R12 LR R12,R15 set base register BEGIN LA R10,4 LA R9,N LOOPN MVC W,0(R9) MVI FLAG,X'00' LA R8,32 LA R2,CBIN LOOP TM W,B'10000000' test...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm
Task Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images, draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
#D
D
module bitmap_bresenhams_line_algorithm;   import std.algorithm, std.math, bitmap;   void drawLine(Color)(Image!Color img, size_t x1, size_t y1, in size_t x2, in size_t y2, in Color color) pure nothrow @nogc { immutable int dx = x2 - x1; immut...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation
Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation
Task Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by: Choosing a random base position in the sequence. Mutate the sequence by doing one of either: Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o...
#PureBasic
PureBasic
#BASE$="ACGT" #SEQLEN=200 #PROTOCOL=#True   Global dna.s Define i.i   Procedure pprint() Define p.i, cnt.i, sum.i   For p=1 To Len(dna) Step 50 Print(RSet(Str(p-1)+": ",5)) PrintN(Mid(dna,p,50)) Next PrintN("Base counts:") For p=1 To 4 cnt=CountString(dna,Mid(#BASE$,p,1)) : sum+cnt Print(Mid...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation
Bitcoin/address validation
Bitcoin/address validation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument, and checks whether or not this address is valid. A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th...
#Raku
Raku
sub sha256(blob8 $b) returns blob8 { given run <openssl dgst -sha256 -binary>, :in, :out, :bin { .in.write: $b; .in.close; return .out.slurp; } }   my $bitcoin-address = rx/ << <+alnum-[0IOl]> ** 26..* >> # an address is at least 26 characters long <?{ .subbuf(21, 4) eq sha256(sha256 .s...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill
Bitmap/Flood fill
Implement a flood fill. A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de ppmFloodFill (Ppm X Y Color) (let Target (get Ppm Y X) (recur (X Y) (when (= Target (get Ppm Y X)) (set (nth Ppm Y X) Color) (recurse (dec X) Y) (recurse (inc X) Y) (recurse X (dec Y)) (recurse X (inc Y)) ) ) ) Ppm )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill
Bitmap/Flood fill
Implement a flood fill. A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
fill: procedure (x, y, fill_color) recursive; /* 12 May 2010 */ declare (x, y) fixed binary; declare fill_color bit (24) aligned;   if x <= lbound(image, 2) | x >= hbound(image, 2) then return; if y <= lbound(image, 1) | y >= hbound(image, 1) then return;   pixel_color = image (x,y); /* Obtain the color ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#LFE
LFE
  > 'true true > 'false false > (or 'false 'false) false > (or 'false 'true) true  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#Lingo
Lingo
put TRUE -- 1 put FALSE -- 0 if 23 then put "Hello" -- "Hello"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass
Box the compass
There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree! They know not how to box the compass! Task description Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading. Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass...
#IS-BASIC
IS-BASIC
100 PROGRAM "Compass.bas" 110 STRING DR$(1 TO 33)*18 120 FOR I=1 TO 33 130 READ DR$(I) 140 NEXT 150 DO 160 READ IF MISSING EXIT DO:D 170 LET DIR=COMP(D) 180 PRINT D;TAB(12);DIR,DR$(DIR) 190 LOOP 200 DEF COMP(D)=CEIL(MOD((D+360/64),360)*32/360) 210 DATA North,North by east,North-northeast,Northeast by north,N...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations
Bitwise operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#Clojure
Clojure
(bit-and x y) (bit-or x y) (bit-xor x y) (bit-not x) (bit-shift-left x n) (bit-shift-right x n) ;;There is no built-in for rotation.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap
Bitmap
Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image, and some primitive associated functions. If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image, given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:   one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,   one to set a given pixe...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defpackage #:rgb-pixel-buffer (:use #:common-lisp) (:export #:rgb-pixel-component #:rgb-pixel #:rgb-pixel-buffer #:+red+ #:+green+ #:+blue+ #:+black+ #:+white+ #:make-rgb-pixel #:make-rgb-pixel-buffer #:rgb-pixel-buffer-width #:rgb-pixel-buffer-height #:rgb-pixel-red #:rgb-pixel-gr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers
Bell numbers
Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # show some Bell numbers # PROC show bell = ( INT n, LONG LONG INT bell number )VOID: print( ( whole( n, -2 ), ": ", whole( bell number, 0 ), newline ) ); INT max bell = 50; [ 0 : max bell - 2 ]LONG LONG INT a; FOR i TO UPB a DO a[ i ] := 0 OD; a[ 0 ] := 1; show bell( 1, a[ 0 ] ); ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law
Benford's law
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque...
#8th
8th
  : n:log10e ` 1 10 ln / ` ;   with: n   : n:log10 \ n -- n ln log10e * ;   : benford \ x -- x 1 swap / 1+ log10 ;   : fibs \ xt n swap >r 0.0 1.0 rot ( dup r@ w:exec tuck + ) swap times 2drop rdrop ;   var counts   : init a:new ( 0 a:push ) 9 times counts ! ;   : leading \ n -- n "%g...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law
Benford's law
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Numerics.Generic_Elementary_Functions;   procedure Benford is   subtype Nonzero_Digit is Natural range 1 .. 9; function First_Digit(S: String) return Nonzero_Digit is (if S(S'First) in '1' .. '9' then Nonzero_Digit'Value(S(S'First .. S'First)) else First_Digit(S(S'F...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search
Binary search
A binary search divides a range of values into halves, and continues to narrow down the field of search until the unknown value is found. It is the classic example of a "divide and conquer" algorithm. As an analogy, consider the children's game "guess a number." The scorer has a secret number, and will only tell the p...
#11l
11l
F binary_search(l, value) V low = 0 V high = l.len - 1 L low <= high V mid = (low + high) I/ 2 I l[mid] > value high = mid - 1 E I l[mid] < value low = mid + 1 E R mid R -1
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle
Best shuffle
Task Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible. A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative...
#11l
11l
F count(w1, wnew) R sum(zip(w1, wnew).map((c1, c2) -> Int(c1 == c2)))   F best_shuffle(w) V wnew = Array(w) V n = w.len V rangei = Array(0 .< n) V rangej = Array(0 .< n) random:shuffle(&rangei) random:shuffle(&rangej) L(i) rangei L(j) rangej I i != j & wnew[j] != wnew[i] & w[i] !=...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings
Binary strings
Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks. This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la...
#BQN
BQN
name ← ""
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings
Binary strings
Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks. This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la...
#C
C
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h>   typedef struct str_t { size_t len, alloc; unsigned char *s; } bstr_t, *bstr;   #define str_len(s) ((s)->len) bstr str_new(size_t len) { bstr s = malloc(sizeof(bstr_t)); if (len < 8) len = 8; s->alloc = len; s->s = malloc(len); s->len = 0; return s; } ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits
Bin given limits
You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the range of each bin. (Assuming zero-based indexing) bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0] bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1] ...
#C.23
C#
using System;   public class Program { static void Main() { PrintBins(new [] { 23, 37, 43, 53, 67, 83 }, 95,21,94,12,99,4,70,75,83,93,52,80,57,5,53,86,65,17,92,83,71,61,54,58,47, 16, 8, 9,32,84,7,87,46,19,30,37,96,6,98,40,79,97,45,64,60,29,49,36,43,55 ); Console.W...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count
Bioinformatics/base count
Given this string representing ordered DNA bases: CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG TCAGTCCCAATGTG...
#J
J
countBases=: (({.;#)/.~)@, totalBases=: #@,   require 'format/printf'   printSequence=: verb define 'Sequence:' printf '' '%4d: %s' printf ((- {.)@(+/\)@:(#"1) ,.&<"_1 ]) y '\n Base Count\n-----------' printf '' '%5s: %4d' printf countBases y '-----------\nTotal = %3d' printf totalBases y )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count
Bioinformatics/base count
Given this string representing ordered DNA bases: CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG TCAGTCCCAATGTG...
#Java
Java
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map;   public class orderedSequence { public static void main(String[] args) { Sequence gene = new Sequence("CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATGCTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTGAGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGATGGGACG...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits
Binary digits
Task Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given   non-negative integer. The decimal value   5   should produce an output of   101 The decimal value   50   should produce an output of   110010 The decimal value   9000   should produce an output of   10001100101000 ...
#6502_Assembly
6502 Assembly
tmpx -i dec2bin.s -o dec2bin.prg
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm
Task Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images, draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
#Delphi
Delphi
  procedure drawLine (bitmap : TBitmap; xStart, yStart, xEnd, yEnd : integer; color : TAlphaColor); // Bresenham's Line Algorithm. Byte, March 1988, pp. 249-253. // Modified from http://www.efg2.com/Lab/Library/Delphi/Graphics/Bresenham.txt and tested. var a, b : integer; // displacements in x and y ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation
Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation
Task Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by: Choosing a random base position in the sequence. Mutate the sequence by doing one of either: Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o...
#Python
Python
import random from collections import Counter   def basecount(dna): return sorted(Counter(dna).items())   def seq_split(dna, n=50): return [dna[i: i+n] for i in range(0, len(dna), n)]   def seq_pp(dna, n=50): for i, part in enumerate(seq_split(dna, n)): print(f"{i*n:>5}: {part}") print("\n BASE...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation
Bitcoin/address validation
Bitcoin/address validation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument, and checks whether or not this address is valid. A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th...
#Ruby
Ruby
  # Validate Bitcoin address # # Nigel_Galloway # October 13th., 2014 require 'digest/sha2' def convert g i,e = '',[] (0...g.length/2).each{|n| e[n] = g[n+=n]+g[n+1]; i+='H2'} e.pack(i) end N = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,nil,nil,nil,nil,nil,nil,nil,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,nil,17,18,19,20,21,nil,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill
Bitmap/Flood fill
Implement a flood fill. A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall...
#Processing
Processing
import java.awt.Point; import java.util.Queue; import java.util.LinkedList;   PImage img; int tolerance; color fill_color; boolean allowed;   void setup() { size(600, 400); img = loadImage("image.png"); fill_color = color(250, 0, 0); fill(0, 0, 100); tolerance = 15; image(img, 0, 0, width, height); text...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#Little
Little
int a = 0; int b = 1; int c; string str1 = "initialized string"; string str2; // "uninitialized string";   if (a) {puts("first test a is false");} // This should not print if (b) {puts("second test b is true");} // This should print if (c) {puts("third test b is false");} // This should not pri...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#LiveCode
LiveCode
print 1 < 0  ; false print 1 > 0  ; true if "true [print "yes]  ; yes if not "false [print "no]  ; no
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass
Box the compass
There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree! They know not how to box the compass! Task description Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading. Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass...
#J
J
require'strings' subs=: 'N,north,S,south,E,east,W,west,b, by ,' dirs=: subs (toupper@{., }.)@rplc~L:1 0&(<;._2) 0 :0 -. ' ',LF N,NbE,N-NE,NEbN,NE,NEbE,E-NE,EbN,E,EbS,E-SE,SEbE,SE,SEbS,S-SE,SbE, S,SbW,S-SW,SWbS,SW,SWbW,W-SW,WbS,W,WbN,W-NW,NWbW,NW,NWbN,N-NW,NbW, ) indice=: 32 | 0.5 <.@+ %&11.25 deg2pnt=: dirs {~ indi...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations
Bitwise operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#COBOL
COBOL
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. bitwise-ops.   DATA DIVISION. LOCAL-STORAGE SECTION. 01 a PIC 1(32) USAGE BIT. 01 b PIC 1(32) USAGE BIT.   01 result PIC 1(32) USAGE BIT. 01 result-disp ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap
Bitmap
Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image, and some primitive associated functions. If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image, given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:   one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,   one to set a given pixe...
#Crystal
Crystal
  class RGBColor getter red, green, blue   def initialize(@red = 0_u8, @green = 0_u8, @blue = 0_u8) end   RED = new(red: 255_u8) GREEN = new(green: 255_u8) BLUE = new(blue: 255_u8) BLACK = new WHITE = new(255_u8, 255_u8, 255_u8) end   class Pixmap getter width, height @data : Array(Array(RGBColor...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers
Bell numbers
Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a...
#ALGOL-M
ALGOL-M
begin integer function index(row, col); integer row, col; index := row * (row-1)/ 2 + col;   integer ROWS; ROWS := 15; begin decimal(11) array bell[0:ROWS*(ROWS+1)/2]; integer i, j;   bell[index(1, 0)] := 1.; for i := 2 step 1 until ROWS do begin bell[index(i, 0)] := bell[index(i-1, i-2)]; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers
Bell numbers
Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a...
#APL
APL
bell←{ tr←↑(⊢,(⊂⊃∘⌽+0,+\)∘⊃∘⌽)⍣14⊢,⊂,1 ⎕←'First 15 Bell numbers:' ⎕←tr[;1] ⎕←'First 10 rows of Bell''s triangle:' ⎕←tr[⍳10;⍳10] }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law
Benford's law
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque...
#Aime
Aime
text sum(text a, text b) { data d; integer e, f, n, r;   e = ~a; f = ~b;   r = 0;   n = min(e, f); while (n) { n -= 1; e -= 1; f -= 1; r += a[e] - '0'; r += b[f] - '0'; b_insert(d, 0, r % 10 + '0'); r /= 10; }   if (f) { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law
Benford's law
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # set the number of digits for LONG LONG INT values # PR precision 256 PR # returns the probability of the first digit of each non-zero number in s # PROC digit probability = ( []LONG LONG INT s )[]REAL: BEGIN [ 1 : 9 ]REAL result; # count the number of times each ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search
Binary search
A binary search divides a range of values into halves, and continues to narrow down the field of search until the unknown value is found. It is the classic example of a "divide and conquer" algorithm. As an analogy, consider the children's game "guess a number." The scorer has a secret number, and will only tell the p...
#360_Assembly
360 Assembly
* Binary search 05/03/2017 BINSEAR CSECT USING BINSEAR,R13 base register B 72(R15) skip savearea DC 17F'0' savearea STM R14,R12,12(R13) save previous context ST R13,4(R15) link backward ST...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle
Best shuffle
Task Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible. A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative...
#Action.21
Action!
PROC BestShuffle(CHAR ARRAY orig,res) BYTE i,j,len CHAR tmp   len=orig(0) SCopy(res,orig) FOR i=1 TO len DO FOR j=1 TO len DO IF i#j AND orig(i)#res(j) AND orig(j)#res(i) THEN tmp=res(i) res(i)=res(j) res(j)=tmp FI OD OD RETURN   PROC Test(CHAR ARRAY orig) CHAR ARRAY res(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle
Best shuffle
Task Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible. A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.Strings.Unbounded;   procedure Best_Shuffle is   function Best_Shuffle (S : String) return String;   function Best_Shuffle (S : String) return String is T : String (S'Range) := S; Tmp : Character; begin for I in S'Range loop for J in S'Range loop ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings
Binary strings
Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks. This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream>   using namespace std;   string replaceFirst(string &s, const string &target, const string &replace) { auto pos = s.find(target); if (pos == string::npos) return s; return s.replace(pos, target.length(), replace); }   int main() {   // string creation string x ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits
Bin given limits
You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the range of each bin. (Assuming zero-based indexing) bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0] bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1] ...
#CLU
CLU
% Bin the given data, return an array of counts. % CLU allows arrays to start at any index; the result array % will have the same lower bound as the limit array.   % The datatype for the limits and data may be any type % that allows the < comparator. bin_count = proc [T: type] (limits, data: array[T]) returns (array[in...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits
Bin given limits
You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the range of each bin. (Assuming zero-based indexing) bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0] bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1] ...
#Factor
Factor
USING: assocs formatting grouping io kernel math math.parser math.statistics sequences sequences.extras sorting.extras ;   : bin ( data limits -- seq ) dup length 1 + [ 0 ] replicate -rot [ bisect-right over [ 1 + ] change-nth ] curry each ;   : .bin ( {lo,hi} n i -- ) swap "%3d members in " printf zero? "(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count
Bioinformatics/base count
Given this string representing ordered DNA bases: CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG TCAGTCCCAATGTG...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
const rowLength = 50;   const bases = ['A', 'C', 'G', 'T'];   // Create the starting sequence const seq = `CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGC...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits
Binary digits
Task Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given   non-negative integer. The decimal value   5   should produce an output of   101 The decimal value   50   should produce an output of   110010 The decimal value   9000   should produce an output of   10001100101000 ...
#8080_Assembly
8080 Assembly
bdos: equ 5h ; CP/M system call puts: equ 9h ; Print string org 100h lxi h,5 ; Print value for 5 call prbin lxi h,50 ; Print value for 50 call prbin lxi h,9000 ; Print value for 9000 prbin: call bindgt ; Make binary representation of HL mvi c,puts ; Print it jmp bdos ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm
Task Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images, draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
#E
E
def swap(&left, &right) { # From [[Generic swap]] def t := left left := right right := t }   def drawLine(image, var x0, var y0, var x1, var y1, color) { def steep := (y1 - y0).abs() > (x1 - x0).abs() if (steep) { swap(&x0, &y0) swap(&x1, &y1) } if (x0 > x1) { swap(&x0, &x1...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation
Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation
Task Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by: Choosing a random base position in the sequence. Mutate the sequence by doing one of either: Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o...
#Quackery
Quackery
[ $ "ACGT" 4 random peek ] is randomgene ( --> c )   [ $ "" swap times [ randomgene join ] ] is randomsequence ( n --> $ )   [ dup size random 3 random [ table [ pluck drop ] [ randomgene unrot stuff ] [ randomgene unrot poke ] ] do ] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation
Bitcoin/address validation
Bitcoin/address validation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument, and checks whether or not this address is valid. A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th...
#Rust
Rust
  extern crate crypto;   use crypto::digest::Digest; use crypto::sha2::Sha256;   const DIGITS58: [char; 58] = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i',...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation
Bitcoin/address validation
Bitcoin/address validation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument, and checks whether or not this address is valid. A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th...
#Scala
Scala
import java.security.MessageDigest import java.util.Arrays.copyOfRange   import scala.annotation.tailrec import scala.math.BigInt   object BitcoinAddressValidator extends App {   private def bitcoinTestHarness(address: String, expected: Boolean): Unit = assert(validateBitcoinAddress(=1J26TeMg6uK9GkoCKkHNeDaKwtFWd...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill
Bitmap/Flood fill
Implement a flood fill. A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall...
#PureBasic
PureBasic
FillArea(0,0,-1,$ff) ; Fills an Area in red
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill
Bitmap/Flood fill
Implement a flood fill. A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall...
#Python
Python
  import Image def FloodFill( fileName, initNode, targetColor, replaceColor ): img = Image.open( fileName ) pix = img.load() xsize, ysize = img.size Q = [] if pix[ initNode[0], initNode[1] ] != targetColor: return img Q.append( initNode ) while Q != []: node = Q.pop(0) if pix[ nod...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#Logo
Logo
print 1 < 0  ; false print 1 > 0  ; true if "true [print "yes]  ; yes if not "false [print "no]  ; no
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values
Boolean values
Task Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language. If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it. Related tasks   Logical operations
#Lua
Lua
if 0 then print "0" end -- This prints if "" then print"empty string" end -- This prints if {} then print"empty table" end -- This prints if nil then print"this won't print" end if true then print"true" end if false then print"false" end -- This does not print
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass
Box the compass
There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree! They know not how to box the compass! Task description Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading. Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass...
#Java
Java
public class BoxingTheCompass{ private static String[] points = new String[32];   public static void main(String[] args){ buildPoints();   double heading = 0;   for(int i = 0; i<= 32;i++){ heading = i * 11.25; switch(i % 3){ case 1: ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations
Bitwise operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript
  f = (a, b) -> p "and", a & b p "or", a | b p "xor", a ^ b p "not", ~a p "<<", a << b p ">>", a >> b # no rotation shifts that I know of   p = (label, n) -> console.log label, n   f(10,2)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap
Bitmap
Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image, and some primitive associated functions. If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image, given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:   one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,   one to set a given pixe...
#D
D
module bitmap;   import std.stdio, std.array, std.exception, std.string, std.conv, std.algorithm, std.ascii;   final class Image(T) { static if (is(typeof({ auto x = T.black; }))) const static T black = T.black; else const static T black = T.init; static if (is(typeof({ auto x = T.whi...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers
Bell numbers
Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a...
#Arturo
Arturo
bellTriangle: function[n][ tri: map 0..n-1 'x [ map 0..n 'y -> 0 ] set get tri 1 0 1 loop 2..n-1 'i [ set get tri i 0 get (get tri i-1) i-2 loop 1..i-1 'j [ set get tri i j (get (get tri i) j-1) + ( get (get tri i-1) j-1) ] ] return tri ] bt: bellTriangle 51   lo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers
Bell numbers
Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
;----------------------------------- Bell_triangle(maxRows){ row := 1, col := 1, Arr := [] Arr[row, col] := 1 while (Arr.Count() < maxRows){ row++ max := Arr[row-1].Count() Loop % max{ if (col := A_Index) =1 Arr[row, col] := Arr[row-1, max] Arr[row, col+1] := Arr[row, col] + Arr[row-1, col] } } r...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law
Benford's law
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
SetBatchLines, -1 fib := NStepSequence(1, 1, 2, 1000) Out := "Digit`tExpected`tObserved`tDeviation`n" n := [] for k, v in fib d := SubStr(v, 1, 1) , n[d] := n[d] ? n[d] + 1 : 1 for k, v in n Exppected := 100 * Log(1+ (1 / k)) , Observed := (v / fib.MaxIndex()) * 100 , Out .= k "`t" Exppected "`t" Observed "`t" Abs...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bernoulli_numbers
Bernoulli numbers
Bernoulli numbers are used in some series expansions of several functions   (trigonometric, hyperbolic, gamma, etc.),   and are extremely important in number theory and analysis. Note that there are two definitions of Bernoulli numbers;   this task will be using the modern usage   (as per   The National Institute of S...
#Ada
Ada
WITH GMP.Rationals, GMP.Integers, Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Strings.Fixed, Ada.Strings; USE GMP.Rationals, GMP.Integers, Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Strings.Fixed, Ada.Strings;   PROCEDURE Main IS   FUNCTION Bernoulli_Number (N : Natural) RETURN Unbounded_Fraction IS FUNCTION "/" (Left, Right : Natural) RETURN Unbounded_Fra...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search
Binary search
A binary search divides a range of values into halves, and continues to narrow down the field of search until the unknown value is found. It is the classic example of a "divide and conquer" algorithm. As an analogy, consider the children's game "guess a number." The scorer has a secret number, and will only tell the p...
#8080_Assembly
8080 Assembly
org 100h ; Entry for test code jmp test     ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Binary search in array of unsigned 8-bit integers ;; B = value to look for ;; HL = begin of array (low) ;; DE = end of array, inclusive (high) ;; The entry point is 'binsrch' ;; On return, HL = location...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle
Best shuffle
Task Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible. A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # shuffle a string so as many as possible characters are moved # PROC best shuffle = ( STRING orig )STRING: BEGIN STRING res := orig; FOR i FROM LWB orig TO UPB orig DO FOR j FROM LWB orig TO UPB orig DO IF i /= j AND orig[ i ] /= res[ j ] AND orig[ j ] /= res[ ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings
Binary strings
Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks. This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la...
#C.23
C#
using System;   class Program { static void Main() { //string creation var x = "hello world";   //# mark string for garbage collection x = null;   //# string assignment with a null byte x = "ab\0"; Console.WriteLine(x); Console.WriteLine(x.Length);...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits
Bin given limits
You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the range of each bin. (Assuming zero-based indexing) bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0] bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1] ...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
sub binlims( dat() as integer, limits() as integer, bins() as uinteger ) dim as uinteger n = ubound(limits), j, i for i = 0 to ubound(dat) if dat(i)<limits(0) then bins(0) += 1 elseif dat(i) >= limits(n) then bins(n+1) += 1 else for j = 1 to n ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count
Bioinformatics/base count
Given this string representing ordered DNA bases: CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG TCAGTCCCAATGTG...
#jq
jq
def lpad($len; $fill): tostring | ($len - length) as $l | ($fill * $l)[:$l] + .;   # Create a bag of words, i.e. a JSON object with counts of the items in the stream def bow(stream): reduce stream as $word ({}; .[($word|tostring)] += 1);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count
Bioinformatics/base count
Given this string representing ordered DNA bases: CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG TCAGTCCCAATGTG...
#Julia
Julia
const sequence = "CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG" * "CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG" * "AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT" * "GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT" * "CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG" * "TCAGTCCCAATGTGCGGGGTTTCTTT...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits
Binary digits
Task Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given   non-negative integer. The decimal value   5   should produce an output of   101 The decimal value   50   should produce an output of   110010 The decimal value   9000   should produce an output of   10001100101000 ...
#8086_Assembly
8086 Assembly
.model small .stack 1024 .data   TestData0 byte 5,255 ;255 is the terminator TestData1 byte 5,0,255 TestData2 byte 9,0,0,0,255   .code   start:   mov ax,@data mov ds,ax   cld ;String functions are set to auto-increment   mov ax,2 ;clear screen by setting video mode to 0 in...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm
Task Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images, draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
#Elm
Elm
      -- Brensenham Line Algorithm   type alias Position = {x: Int, y: Int}   type alias BresenhamStatics = { finish : Position , sx : Int , sy : Int , dx : Float , dy : Float }     line : Position -> Position -> List Position line p q = let dx = (toFloat << abs) (q.x - p.x) dy = (toFloat << ...