task_url stringlengths 30 116 | task_name stringlengths 2 86 | task_description stringlengths 0 14.4k | language_url stringlengths 2 53 | language_name stringlengths 1 52 | code stringlengths 0 61.9k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Racket | Racket | #lang racket
(define current-S-weight (make-parameter 1))
(define current-D-weight (make-parameter 1))
(define current-I-weight (make-parameter 1))
(define bases '(#\A #\C #\G #\T))
(define (fold-sequence seq kons #:finalise (finalise (λ x (apply values x))) . k0s)
(define (recur seq . ks)
(if (null? seq)
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Raku | Raku | my @bases = <A C G T>;
# The DNA strand
my $dna = @bases.roll(200).join;
# The Task
put "ORIGINAL DNA STRAND:";
put pretty $dna;
put "\nTotal bases: ", +my $bases = $dna.comb.Bag;
put $bases.sort( ~*.key ).join: "\n";
put "\nMUTATED DNA STRAND:";
my $mutate = $dna.&mutate(10);
put pretty diff $dna, $mutate;
put... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation | Bitcoin/address validation | Bitcoin/address validation
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Task
Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument,
and checks whether or not this address is valid.
A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th... | #Seed7 | Seed7 | $ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "msgdigest.s7i";
include "encoding.s7i";
const func boolean: validBitcoinAddress (in string: address) is func
result
var boolean: isValid is FALSE;
local
var string: decoded is "";
begin
if succeeds(decoded := fromBase58(address)) and
length(decoded) = 2... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation | Bitcoin/address validation | Bitcoin/address validation
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Task
Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument,
and checks whether or not this address is valid.
A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th... | #Tcl | Tcl | package require sha256
# Generate a large and boring piece of code to do the decoding of
# base58-encoded data.
apply {{} {
set chars "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz"
set i -1
foreach c [split $chars ""] {
lappend map $c "return -level 0 [incr i]"
}
lappend map default... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill | Bitmap/Flood fill | Implement a flood fill.
A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall... | #R | R |
library(png)
img <- readPNG("Unfilledcirc.png")
M <- img[ , , 1]
M <- ifelse(M < 0.5, 0, 1)
image(M, col = c(1, 0))
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_fill
floodfill <- function(row, col, tcol, rcol) {
if (tcol == rcol) return()
if (M[row, col] != tcol) return()
M[row, col] <<- rcol
floodfill(row - 1, co... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill | Bitmap/Flood fill | Implement a flood fill.
A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall... | #Racket | Racket |
#lang racket
(require racket/draw)
;; flood-fill: bitmap<%> number number color color -> void
;; An example of flood filling a bitmap.
;;
;; We'll use a raw, byte-oriented interface here for demonstration
;; purposes. Racket does provide get-pixel and set-pixel functions
;; which work on color% structures rather... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #M2000_Interpreter | M2000 Interpreter |
Module CheckBoolean {
A=True
Print Type$(A)="Double"
B=1=1
Print Type$(B)="Boolean"
Print A=B ' true
Print A, B ' -1 True
Def boolean C=True, D=False
Print C, D , 1>-3 ' True False True
K$=Str$(C)
Print K$="True" ' True
Function ShowBoolean$(&x) ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Maple | Maple | >> islogical(true)
ans =
1
>> islogical(false)
ans =
1
>> islogical(logical(1))
ans =
1
>> islogical(logical(0))
ans =
1
>> islogical(1)
ans =
0
>> islogical(0)
ans =
0 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass | Box the compass | There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree!
They know not how to box the compass!
Task description
Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading.
Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass... | #JavaScript | JavaScript | function createRow(i, point, heading) {
var tr = document.createElement('tr'),
td;
td = document.createElement('td');
td.appendChild(document.createTextNode(i));
tr.appendChild(td);
td = document.createElement('td');
point = point.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + point.substr(1);
td.... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations | Bitwise operations |
Basic Data Operation
This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type.
You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or:
Integer Operations
Arithmetic |
Comparison
Boolean Operations
Bitwise |
Logical
String Operations
Concatenation |
Interpolation |... | #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | (defun bitwise (a b)
(print (logand a b)) ; AND
(print (logior a b)) ; OR ("ior" = inclusive or)
(print (logxor a b)) ; XOR
(print (lognot a)) ; NOT
(print (ash a b)) ; arithmetic left shift (positive 2nd arg)
(print (ash a (- b))) ; arithmetic right shift (negative 2nd arg)
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap | Bitmap | Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image,
and some primitive associated functions.
If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image,
given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:
one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,
one to set a given pixe... | #Delphi | Delphi |
program BitmapTest;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
type
TColor = record
private
function GetColor: Cardinal;
procedure SetColor(const Value: Cardinal);
public
Red, Green, Blue, Alpha: Byte;
property Color: Cardinal read GetColor write SetColor;
end;
TBitmap = class
private
FPixels: array of ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers | Bell numbers | Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a... | #C | C | #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// row starts with 1; col < row
size_t bellIndex(int row, int col) {
return row * (row - 1) / 2 + col;
}
int getBell(int *bellTri, int row, int col) {
size_t index = bellIndex(row, col);
return bellTri[index];
}
void setBell(int *bellTri, int row, int col, int va... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law | Benford's law |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque... | #AWK | AWK |
# syntax: GAWK -f BENFORDS_LAW.AWK
BEGIN {
n = 1000
for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
arr[substr(fibonacci(i),1,1)]++
}
print("digit expected observed deviation")
for (i=1; i<=9; i++) {
expected = log10(i+1) - log10(i)
actual = arr[i] / n
deviation = expected - actual
printf... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bernoulli_numbers | Bernoulli numbers | Bernoulli numbers are used in some series expansions of several functions (trigonometric, hyperbolic, gamma, etc.), and are extremely important in number theory and analysis.
Note that there are two definitions of Bernoulli numbers; this task will be using the modern usage (as per The National Institute of S... | #ALGOL_68 | ALGOL 68 | BEGIN
# Show Bernoulli numbers B0 to B60 as rational numbers #
# Uses code from the Arithmetic/Rational task modified to use #
# LONG LONG INT to allow for the large number of digits requried #
PR precision 100 PR # sets the precision of LONG LONG INT #
# Code from the Arit... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search | Binary search | A binary search divides a range of values into halves, and continues to narrow down the field of search until the unknown value is found. It is the classic example of a "divide and conquer" algorithm.
As an analogy, consider the children's game "guess a number." The scorer has a secret number, and will only tell the p... | #AArch64_Assembly | AArch64 Assembly |
/* ARM assembly AARCH64 Raspberry PI 3B */
/* program binSearch64.s */
/*******************************************/
/* Constantes file */
/*******************************************/
/* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly*/
.include "../includeConstantesAR... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle | Best shuffle | Task
Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible.
A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative... | #Arturo | Arturo |
count: function [s1 s2][
res: 0
loop.with:'i s1 'c [
if c = s2\[i] -> res: res + 1
]
return res
]
shuff: function [str]->
join shuffle split str
bestShuffle: function [s][
shuffled: shuff s
loop 0..dec size shuffled 'i [
if shuffled\[i] <> s\[i] -> continue
loo... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings | Binary strings | Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks.
This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la... | #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp |
"string"
(coerce '(#\s #\t #\r #\i #\n #\g) 'string)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings | Binary strings | Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks.
This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la... | #Component_Pascal | Component Pascal |
MODULE NpctBinaryString;
IMPORT StdLog,Strings;
PROCEDURE Do*;
VAR
str: ARRAY 256 OF CHAR;
pStr,pAux: POINTER TO ARRAY OF CHAR;
b: BYTE;
pIni: INTEGER;
BEGIN
(* String creation, on heap *)
NEW(pStr,256); (* Garbage collectable *)
NEW(pAux,256);
(* String assingment *)
pStr^ := "This is a string on a heap... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits | Bin given limits | You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits
for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the
range of each bin.
(Assuming zero-based indexing)
bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0]
bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1]
... | #Go | Go | package main
import (
"fmt"
"sort"
)
func getBins(limits, data []int) []int {
n := len(limits)
bins := make([]int, n+1)
for _, d := range data {
index := sort.SearchInts(limits, d) // uses binary search
if index < len(limits) && d == limits[index] {
index++
}
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count | Bioinformatics/base count | Given this string representing ordered DNA bases:
CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG
CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG
AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT
GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT
CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG
TCAGTCCCAATGTG... | #Kotlin | Kotlin | fun printSequence(sequence: String, width: Int = 50) {
fun <K, V> printWithLabel(k: K, v: V) {
val label = k.toString().padStart(5)
println("$label: $v")
}
println("SEQUENCE:")
sequence.chunked(width).withIndex().forEach { (i, line) ->
printWithLabel(i*width + line.length, line... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count | Bioinformatics/base count | Given this string representing ordered DNA bases:
CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG
CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG
AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT
GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT
CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG
TCAGTCCCAATGTG... | #Lambdatalk | Lambdatalk |
{def DNA CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATGCTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTGAGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGATGGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTTCGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGGTCAGTCCCAATGTGCGGGGTTTCTTTTAGTACGTCGGGAGTGGTATTATATTTAATTTT... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits | Binary digits | Task
Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given non-negative integer.
The decimal value 5 should produce an output of 101
The decimal value 50 should produce an output of 110010
The decimal value 9000 should produce an output of 10001100101000
... | #8th | 8th |
2 base drop
#50 . cr
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm | Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm | Task
Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images,
draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
| #Erlang | Erlang |
build_path({Sx, Sy}, {Tx, Ty}) ->
if
Tx < Sx -> StepX = -1;
true -> StepX = 1
end,
if
Ty < Sy -> StepY = -1;
true -> StepY = 1
end,
Dx = abs((Tx-Sx)*2),
Dy = abs((Ty-Sy)*2),
if
Dy > Dx -> Path = through_y({Sx, Sy}, {Tx, Ty}, {StepX, StepY}, {Dx, Dy}, Dx*2-Dy, []);
true -> Pa... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Ring | Ring |
row = 0
dnaList = []
base = ["A","C","G","T"]
long = 20
see "Initial sequence:" + nl
see " 12345678901234567890" + nl
see " " + long + ": "
for nr = 1 to 200
row = row + 1
rnd = random(3)+1
baseStr = base[rnd]
see baseStr # + " "
if (row%20) = 0 and long < 200
long = long + 20
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Ruby | Ruby | class DNA_Seq
attr_accessor :seq
def initialize(bases: %i[A C G T] , size: 0)
@bases = bases
@seq = Array.new(size){ bases.sample }
end
def mutate(n = 10)
n.times{|n| method([:s, :d, :i].sample).call}
end
def to_s(n = 50)
just_size = @seq.size / n
(0...@seq.size).step(n).map{|fro... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation | Bitcoin/address validation | Bitcoin/address validation
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Task
Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument,
and checks whether or not this address is valid.
A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th... | #UNIX_Shell | UNIX Shell | base58=({1..9} {A..H} {J..N} {P..Z} {a..k} {m..z})
bitcoinregex="^[$(printf "%s" "${base58[@]}")]{34}$"
decodeBase58() {
local s=$1
for i in {0..57}
do s="${s//${base58[i]}/ $i}"
done
dc <<< "16o0d${s// /+58*}+f"
}
checksum() {
xxd -p -r <<<"$1" |
openssl dgst -sha256 -binary |
open... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation | Bitcoin/address validation | Bitcoin/address validation
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Task
Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument,
and checks whether or not this address is valid.
A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th... | #Wren | Wren | import "/crypto" for Sha256
import "/str" for Str
import "/fmt" for Conv, Fmt
class Bitcoin {
static alphabet_ { "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" }
static contentEquals_(ba1, ba2) {
if (ba1.count != ba2.count) return false
return !(0...ba1.count).any { |i| ba1[i] ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill | Bitmap/Flood fill | Implement a flood fill.
A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall... | #Raku | Raku | class Pixel { has Int ($.R, $.G, $.B) }
class Bitmap {
has Int ($.width, $.height);
has Pixel @.data;
method pixel(
$i where ^$!width,
$j where ^$!height
--> Pixel
) is rw { @!data[$i + $j * $!width] }
}
role PPM {
method P6 returns Blob {
"P6\n{self.width} {self.height}\n255\n... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | >> islogical(true)
ans =
1
>> islogical(false)
ans =
1
>> islogical(logical(1))
ans =
1
>> islogical(logical(0))
ans =
1
>> islogical(1)
ans =
0
>> islogical(0)
ans =
0 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #MATLAB | MATLAB | >> islogical(true)
ans =
1
>> islogical(false)
ans =
1
>> islogical(logical(1))
ans =
1
>> islogical(logical(0))
ans =
1
>> islogical(1)
ans =
0
>> islogical(0)
ans =
0 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass | Box the compass | There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree!
They know not how to box the compass!
Task description
Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading.
Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass... | #Julia | Julia | using Printf
function degree2compasspoint(d::Float64)
majors = ("north", "east", "south", "west", "north", "east", "south", "west")
quarter1 = ("N", "N by E", "N-NE", "NE by N", "NE", "NE by E", "E-NE", "E by N")
quarter2 = map(p -> replace(p, "NE" => "EN"), quarter1)
d = d % 360 + 360 / 64
imaj... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations | Bitwise operations |
Basic Data Operation
This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type.
You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or:
Integer Operations
Arithmetic |
Comparison
Boolean Operations
Bitwise |
Logical
String Operations
Concatenation |
Interpolation |... | #D | D | T rot(T)(in T x, in int shift) pure nothrow @nogc {
return (x >>> shift) | (x << (T.sizeof * 8 - shift));
}
void testBit(in int a, in int b) {
import std.stdio;
writefln("Input: a = %d, b = %d", a, b);
writefln("AND : %8b & %08b = %032b (%4d)", a, b, a & b, a & b);
writefln(" OR : %8b | %08b = %032b (... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap | Bitmap | Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image,
and some primitive associated functions.
If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image,
given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:
one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,
one to set a given pixe... | #E | E | def makeFlexList := <elib:tables.makeFlexList>
def format := <import:java.lang.makeString>.format
def CHANNELS := 3
def UByte := 0..255
def makeColor {
to fromFloat(r, g, b) {
return makeColor.fromByte((r * 255).round(),
(g * 255).round(),
(b * 255).... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers | Bell numbers | Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a... | #C.23 | C# | using System;
using System.Numerics;
namespace BellNumbers {
public static class Utility {
public static void Init<T>(this T[] array, T value) {
if (null == array) return;
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i) {
array[i] = value;
}
}
}
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law | Benford's law |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque... | #BCPL | BCPL |
GET "libhdr"
MANIFEST {
fib_sz = 1_000_000_000 // keep 9 significant digits for computing F(n)
}
LET msd(n) = VALOF {
UNTIL n < 10 DO
n /:= 10
RESULTIS n
}
LET fibonacci(n, tally) BE {
LET a, b, c, e = 0, 1, ?, 0
FOR i = 1 TO n {
TEST e = 0
THEN tally[msd(b)] +:= 1
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law | Benford's law |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque... | #C | C | #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
float *benford_distribution(void)
{
static float prob[9];
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
prob[i - 1] = log10f(1 + 1.0 / i);
return prob;
}
float *get_actual_distribution(char *fn)
{
FILE *input = fopen(fn, "r");
if (!input)
{
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bernoulli_numbers | Bernoulli numbers | Bernoulli numbers are used in some series expansions of several functions (trigonometric, hyperbolic, gamma, etc.), and are extremely important in number theory and analysis.
Note that there are two definitions of Bernoulli numbers; this task will be using the modern usage (as per The National Institute of S... | #Bracmat | Bracmat | ( BernoulliList
= B Bs answer indLn indexLen indexPadding
, n numberPadding p solPos solidusPos sp
. ( B
= m A a j b
. -1:?m
& :?A
& whl
' ( 1+!m:~>!arg:?m
& ((!m+1:?j)^-1:?a)
map
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search | Binary search | A binary search divides a range of values into halves, and continues to narrow down the field of search until the unknown value is found. It is the classic example of a "divide and conquer" algorithm.
As an analogy, consider the children's game "guess a number." The scorer has a secret number, and will only tell the p... | #ACL2 | ACL2 | (defun defarray (name size initial-element)
(cons name
(compress1 name
(cons (list :HEADER
:DIMENSIONS (list size)
:MAXIMUM-LENGTH (1+ size)
:DEFAULT initial-element
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle | Best shuffle | Task
Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible.
A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative... | #AutoHotkey | AutoHotkey | words := "abracadabra,seesaw,elk,grrrrrr,up,a"
Loop Parse, Words,`,
out .= Score(A_LoopField, Shuffle(A_LoopField))
MsgBox % clipboard := out
Shuffle(String)
{
Cord := String
Length := StrLen(String)
CharType := A_IsUnicode ? "UShort" : "UChar"
Loop, Parse, String ; For each old character in String...
{
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings | Binary strings | Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks.
This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la... | #D | D | void main() /*@safe*/ {
import std.array: empty, replace;
import std.string: representation, assumeUTF;
// String creation (destruction is usually handled by
// the garbage collector).
ubyte[] str1;
// String assignments.
str1 = "blah".dup.representation;
// Hex string, same as "\x00... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits | Bin given limits | You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits
for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the
range of each bin.
(Assuming zero-based indexing)
bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0]
bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1]
... | #Haskell | Haskell | import Control.Monad (foldM)
import Data.List (partition)
binSplit :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [[a]]
binSplit lims ns = counts ++ [rest]
where
(counts, rest) = foldM split ns lims
split l i = let (a, b) = partition (< i) l in ([a], b)
binCounts :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [Int]
binCounts b = fmap length . bi... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count | Bioinformatics/base count | Given this string representing ordered DNA bases:
CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG
CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG
AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT
GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT
CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG
TCAGTCCCAATGTG... | #Lua | Lua | function prettyprint(seq) -- approx DDBJ format
seq = seq:gsub("%A",""):lower()
local sums, n = { a=0, c=0, g=0, t=0 }, 1
seq:gsub("(%a)", function(c) sums[c]=sums[c]+1 end)
local function printf(s,...) io.write(s:format(...)) end
printf("LOCUS AB000000 %12d bp mRNA linear HUM 01-JAN-2001\n"... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits | Binary digits | Task
Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given non-negative integer.
The decimal value 5 should produce an output of 101
The decimal value 50 should produce an output of 110010
The decimal value 9000 should produce an output of 10001100101000
... | #AArch64_Assembly | AArch64 Assembly |
/* ARM assembly AARCH64 Raspberry PI 3B */
/* program binarydigit.s */
/*******************************************/
/* Constantes file */
/*******************************************/
/* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly*/
.include "../includeConstantesAR... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm | Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm | Task
Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images,
draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
| #ERRE | ERRE |
PROGRAM BRESENHAM
!$INCLUDE="PC.LIB"
PROCEDURE BRESENHAM
! === Draw a line using graphic coordinates
! Inputs are X1, Y1, X2, Y2: Destroys value of X1, Y1
dx=ABS(x2-x1) sx=-1
IF x1<x2 THEN sx=1
dy=ABS(y2-y1) sy=-1
IF y1<y2 THEN sy=1
er=-dy
IF dx>dy THEN er=dx
er=INT(er/2)
LOOP
PSET(x1,y1,1)
EXIT IF x1=x2 AN... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Swift | Swift | let bases: [Character] = ["A", "C", "G", "T"]
enum Action: CaseIterable {
case swap, delete, insert
}
@discardableResult
func mutate(dna: inout String) -> Action {
guard let i = dna.indices.shuffled().first(where: { $0 != dna.endIndex }) else {
fatalError()
}
let action = Action.allCases.randomElement... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Vlang | Vlang | import rand
import rand.seed
const bases = "ACGT"
// 'w' contains the weights out of 300 for each
// of swap, delete or insert in that order.
fn mutate(dna string, w [3]int) string {
le := dna.len
// get a random position in the dna to mutate
p := rand.intn(le) or {0}
// get a random number between ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation | Bitcoin/address validation | Bitcoin/address validation
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Task
Write a program that takes a bitcoin address as argument,
and checks whether or not this address is valid.
A bitcoin address uses a base58 encoding, which uses an alphabet of th... | #zkl | zkl | var [const] MsgHash=Import("zklMsgHash"); // SHA-256, etc
const symbols="123456789" // 58 characters: no cap i,o; ell, zero
"ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz";
fcn unbase58(str){ // --> Data (byte bucket)
out:=Data().fill(0,25);
str.pump(Void,symbols.index,'wrap(n){ // throw... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill | Bitmap/Flood fill | Implement a flood fill.
A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall... | #REXX | REXX | /*REXX program demonstrates a method to perform a flood fill of an area. */
black= '000000000000000000000000'b /*define the black color (using bits).*/
red = '000000000000000011111111'b /* " " red " " " */
green= '000000001111111100000000'b ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Maxima | Maxima | is(1 < 2);
/* true */
is(2 < 1);
/* false */
not true;
/* false */
not false;
/* true */ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Metafont | Metafont | boolTrue = true
boolFalse = false
if boolTrue then print "boolTrue is true, and its value is: " + boolTrue
if not boolFalse then print "boolFalse is not true, and its value is: " + boolFalse
mostlyTrue = 0.8
kindaTrue = 0.4
print "mostlyTrue AND kindaTrue: " + (mostlyTrue and kindaTrue)
print "mostlyTrue OR kinda... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #min | min | boolTrue = true
boolFalse = false
if boolTrue then print "boolTrue is true, and its value is: " + boolTrue
if not boolFalse then print "boolFalse is not true, and its value is: " + boolFalse
mostlyTrue = 0.8
kindaTrue = 0.4
print "mostlyTrue AND kindaTrue: " + (mostlyTrue and kindaTrue)
print "mostlyTrue OR kinda... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass | Box the compass | There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree!
They know not how to box the compass!
Task description
Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading.
Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass... | #K | K | d:("N;Nbe;N-ne;Nebn;Ne;Nebe;E-ne;Ebn;")
d,:("E;Ebs;E-se;Sebe;Se;Sebs;S-se;Sbe;")
d,:("S;Sbw;S-sw;Swbs;Sw;Swbw;W-sw;Wbs;")
d,:("W;Wbn;W-nw;Nwbw;Nw;Nwbn;N-nw;Nbw;N")
split:{1_'(&x=y)_ x:y,x}
dd:split[d;";"]
/ lookup table
s1:"NEWSnewsb-"
s2:("North";"East";"West";"South";"north";"east";"wes... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations | Bitwise operations |
Basic Data Operation
This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type.
You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or:
Integer Operations
Arithmetic |
Comparison
Boolean Operations
Bitwise |
Logical
String Operations
Concatenation |
Interpolation |... | #Delphi | Delphi | program Bitwise;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
begin
Writeln('2 and 3 = ', 2 and 3);
Writeln('2 or 3 = ', 2 or 3);
Writeln('2 xor 3 = ', 2 xor 3);
Writeln('not 2 = ', not 2);
Writeln('2 shl 3 = ', 2 shl 3);
Writeln('2 shr 3 = ', 2 shr 3);
// there are no built-in rotation operators in Delphi
Readln;
end. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap | Bitmap | Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image,
and some primitive associated functions.
If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image,
given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:
one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,
one to set a given pixe... | #EchoLisp | EchoLisp |
(lib 'plot)
(define width 600)
(define height 400)
(plot-size width height) ;; set image size
(define (blue x y) (rgb 0.0 0.0 1.0)) ;; a constant function
(plot-rgb blue 1 1) ;; blue everywhere
(lib 'types) ;; uint32 and uint8 vector types
;; bit-map pixel access
(define bitmap (pixels->uint32-vector)) ;; scr... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers | Bell numbers | Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a... | #C.2B.2B | C++ | #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#ifdef HAVE_BOOST
#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>
typedef boost::multiprecision::cpp_int integer;
#else
typedef unsigned int integer;
#endif
auto make_bell_triangle(int n) {
std::vector<std::vector<integer>> bell(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
bell[... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law | Benford's law |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque... | #C.2B.2B | C++ | //to cope with the big numbers , I used the Class Library for Numbers( CLN )
//if used prepackaged you can compile writing "g++ -std=c++11 -lcln yourprogram.cpp -o yourprogram"
#include <cln/integer.h>
#include <cln/integer_io.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <s... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bernoulli_numbers | Bernoulli numbers | Bernoulli numbers are used in some series expansions of several functions (trigonometric, hyperbolic, gamma, etc.), and are extremely important in number theory and analysis.
Note that there are two definitions of Bernoulli numbers; this task will be using the modern usage (as per The National Institute of S... | #C | C |
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#define mpq_for(buf, op, n)\
do {\
size_t i;\
for (i = 0; i < (n); ++i)\
mpq_##op(buf[i]);\
} while (0)
void bernoulli(mpq_t rop, unsigned int n)
{
unsigned int m, j;
mpq_t *a = malloc(sizeof(mpq_t) * (n + 1));
mpq_for(a, init, n... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search | Binary search | A binary search divides a range of values into halves, and continues to narrow down the field of search until the unknown value is found. It is the classic example of a "divide and conquer" algorithm.
As an analogy, consider the children's game "guess a number." The scorer has a secret number, and will only tell the p... | #Action.21 | Action! | INT FUNC BinarySearch(INT ARRAY a INT len,value)
INT low,high,mid
low=0 high=len-1
WHILE low<=high
DO
mid=low+(high-low) RSH 1
IF a(mid)>value THEN
high=mid-1
ELSEIF a(mid)<value THEN
low=mid+1
ELSE
RETURN (mid)
FI
OD
RETURN (-1)
PROC Test(INT ARRAY a INT len,value)
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle | Best shuffle | Task
Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible.
A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative... | #AWK | AWK | {
scram = best_shuffle($0)
print $0 " -> " scram " (" unchanged($0, scram) ")"
}
function best_shuffle(s, c, i, j, len, r, t) {
len = split(s, t, "")
# Swap elements of t[] to get a best shuffle.
for (i = 1; i <= len; i++) {
for (j = 1; j <= len; j++) {
# Swap t[i] and t[j] if they will not match
# ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings | Binary strings | Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks.
This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la... | #D.C3.A9j.C3.A0_Vu | Déjà Vu | local :b make-blob 10 #ten bytes of initial size
set-to b 0 255
!. get-from b 0 #prints 255
!. b #prints (blob:ff000000000000000000)
local :b2 make-blob 3
set-to b2 0 97
set-to b2 1 98
set-to b2 2 99
!. b #prints (blob:"abc")
!. !encode!utf-8 b #prints "abc"
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings | Binary strings | Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks.
This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la... | #Delphi | Delphi |
program Binary_strings;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses
System.SysUtils;
var
x : string;
c : TArray<Byte>;
objecty,
y : string;
empty : string;
nullString : string;
whitespace,
slice,
greeting,
join : string;
begin
//string creation
x:= String.... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits | Bin given limits | You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits
for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the
range of each bin.
(Assuming zero-based indexing)
bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0]
bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1]
... | #J | J | Idotr=: |.@[ (#@[ - I.) ] NB. reverses order of limits to obtain intervals closed on left, open on right (>= y <)
binnedData=: adverb define
bidx=. i.@>:@# x NB. indicies of bins
x (Idotr (u@}./.)&(bidx&,) ]) y NB. apply u to data in each bin after dropping first value
)
require... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits | Bin given limits | You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits
for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the
range of each bin.
(Assuming zero-based indexing)
bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0]
bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1]
... | #Java | Java | import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
public class Bins {
public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int[] bins(
List<? extends T> limits, Iterable<? extends T> data) {
int[] result = new int[limits.size() + 1];
for (T n : data) {
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count | Bioinformatics/base count | Given this string representing ordered DNA bases:
CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG
CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG
AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT
GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT
CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG
TCAGTCCCAATGTG... | #Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language | Mathematica / Wolfram Language | seq = "CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATGCTCGTGCTTTCCA\
ATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTGAGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGC\
AATAAGGATCATTTGATGGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTTCGA\
TTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGGTCAGTCCCAATGTGCGGGGTTTC\
TTTTAGTACGTCGGGAGTGGTATTATATTTAA... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count | Bioinformatics/base count | Given this string representing ordered DNA bases:
CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG
CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG
AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT
GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT
CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG
TCAGTCCCAATGTG... | #MATLAB_.2F_Octave | MATLAB / Octave |
function r = base_count(f)
fid = fopen(f,'r');
nn=[0,0,0,0];
while ~feof(fid)
s = fgetl(fid);
fprintf(1,'%5d :%s\n', sum(nn), s(s=='A'|s=='C'|s=='G'|s=='T'));
nn = nn+[sum(s=='A'),sum(s=='C'),sum(s=='G'),sum(s=='T')];
end
fclose(fid);
fprintf(1, '\nBases:\n\n A : %d\n C : %d\n G... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits | Binary digits | Task
Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given non-negative integer.
The decimal value 5 should produce an output of 101
The decimal value 50 should produce an output of 110010
The decimal value 9000 should produce an output of 10001100101000
... | #ACL2 | ACL2 | (include-book "arithmetic-3/top" :dir :system)
(defun bin-string-r (x)
(if (zp x)
""
(string-append
(bin-string-r (floor x 2))
(if (= 1 (mod x 2))
"1"
"0"))))
(defun bin-string (x)
(if (zp x)
"0"
(bin-string-r x))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm | Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm | Task
Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images,
draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
| #Euphoria | Euphoria | include std/console.e
include std/graphics.e
include std/math.e
-- the new_image function and related code in the 25 or so
-- lines below are from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Basic_bitmap_storage#Euphoria
-- as of friday, march 2, 2012
-- Some color constants:
constant
black = #000000,
white = #FFFFFF,
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Wren | Wren | import "random" for Random
import "/fmt" for Fmt
import "/sort" for Sort
var rand = Random.new()
var bases = "ACGT"
// 'w' contains the weights out of 300 for each
// of swap, delete or insert in that order.
var mutate = Fn.new { |dna, w|
var le = dna.count
// get a random position in the dna to mutate
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill | Bitmap/Flood fill | Implement a flood fill.
A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall... | #Ruby | Ruby | # frozen_string_literal: true
require_relative 'raster_graphics'
class RGBColour
def ==(other)
values == other.values
end
end
class Pixmap
def flood_fill(pixel, new_colour)
current_colour = self[pixel.x, pixel.y]
queue = Queue.new
queue.enq(pixel)
until queue.empty?
p = queue.pop
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #MiniScript | MiniScript | boolTrue = true
boolFalse = false
if boolTrue then print "boolTrue is true, and its value is: " + boolTrue
if not boolFalse then print "boolFalse is not true, and its value is: " + boolFalse
mostlyTrue = 0.8
kindaTrue = 0.4
print "mostlyTrue AND kindaTrue: " + (mostlyTrue and kindaTrue)
print "mostlyTrue OR kinda... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Mirah | Mirah | import java.util.ArrayList
import java.util.HashMap
# booleans
puts 'true is true' if true
puts 'false is false' if (!false)
# lists treated as booleans
x = ArrayList.new
puts "empty array is true" if x
x.add("an element")
puts "full array is true" if x
puts "isEmpty() is false" if !x.isEmpty()
# maps treated as... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Modula-2 | Modula-2 | MODULE boo;
IMPORT InOut;
VAR result, done : BOOLEAN;
A, B : INTEGER;
BEGIN
result := (1 = 2);
result := NOT result;
done := FALSE;
REPEAT
InOut.ReadInt (A);
InOut.ReadInt (B);
done := A > B
UNTIL done
END boo. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass | Box the compass | There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree!
They know not how to box the compass!
Task description
Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading.
Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass... | #Kotlin | Kotlin | // version 1.1.2
fun expand(cp: String): String {
val sb = StringBuilder()
for (c in cp) {
sb.append(when (c) {
'N' -> "north"
'E' -> "east"
'S' -> "south"
'W' -> "west"
'b' -> " by "
else -> "-"
})
}
return ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations | Bitwise operations |
Basic Data Operation
This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type.
You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or:
Integer Operations
Arithmetic |
Comparison
Boolean Operations
Bitwise |
Logical
String Operations
Concatenation |
Interpolation |... | #DWScript | DWScript | PrintLn('2 and 3 = '+IntToStr(2 and 3));
PrintLn('2 or 3 = '+IntToStr(2 or 3));
PrintLn('2 xor 3 = '+IntToStr(2 xor 3));
PrintLn('not 2 = '+IntToStr(not 2));
PrintLn('2 shl 3 = '+IntToStr(2 shl 3));
PrintLn('2 shr 3 = '+IntToStr(2 shr 3)); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap | Bitmap | Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image,
and some primitive associated functions.
If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image,
given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:
one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,
one to set a given pixe... | #Elixir | Elixir |
defmodule RosBitmap do
defrecord Bitmap, pixels: nil, shape: {0, 0}
defp new(width, height, {:rgb, r, g, b}) do
Bitmap[
pixels: :array.new(width * height,
{:default, <<r::size(8), g::size(8), b::size(8)>>}),
shape: {width, height}]
end
def new(width, height), do: new(width, height,... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers | Bell numbers | Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a... | #CLU | CLU | bell = cluster is make, get
rep = array[int]
idx = proc (row, col: int) returns (int)
return (row * (row - 1) / 2 + col)
end idx
get = proc (tri: cvt, row, col: int) returns (int)
return (tri[idx(row, col)])
end get
make = proc (rows: int) returns (cvt)
length: int ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers | Bell numbers | Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a... | #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | ;; The triangle is a list of arrays; each array is a
;; triangle's row; the last row is at the head of the list.
(defun grow-triangle (triangle)
(if (null triangle)
'(#(1))
(let* ((last-array (car triangle))
(last-length (length last-array))
(new-array (make-array (1+ last-l... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law | Benford's law |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque... | #Clojure | Clojure | (ns example
(:gen-class))
(defn abs [x]
(if (> x 0)
x
(- x)))
(defn calc-benford-stats [digits]
" Frequencies of digits in data "
(let [y (frequencies digits)
tot (reduce + (vals y))]
[y tot]))
(defn show-benford-stats [v]
" Prints in percent the actual, Benford expected, and differ... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bernoulli_numbers | Bernoulli numbers | Bernoulli numbers are used in some series expansions of several functions (trigonometric, hyperbolic, gamma, etc.), and are extremely important in number theory and analysis.
Note that there are two definitions of Bernoulli numbers; this task will be using the modern usage (as per The National Institute of S... | #C.23 | C# |
using Mpir.NET;
using System;
namespace Bernoulli
{
class Program
{
private static void bernoulli(mpq_t rop, uint n)
{
mpq_t[] a = new mpq_t[n + 1];
for (uint i = 0; i < n + 1; i++)
{
a[i] = new mpq_t();
}
for (u... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search | Binary search | A binary search divides a range of values into halves, and continues to narrow down the field of search until the unknown value is found. It is the classic example of a "divide and conquer" algorithm.
As an analogy, consider the children's game "guess a number." The scorer has a secret number, and will only tell the p... | #Ada | Ada | with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Test_Recursive_Binary_Search is
Not_Found : exception;
generic
type Index is range <>;
type Element is private;
type Array_Of_Elements is array (Index range <>) of Element;
with function "<" (L, R : Element) return Boolean is <>;
functio... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Best_shuffle | Best shuffle | Task
Shuffle the characters of a string in such a way that as many of the character values are in a different position as possible.
A shuffle that produces a randomized result among the best choices is to be preferred. A deterministic approach that produces the same sequence every time is acceptable as an alternative... | #BaCon | BaCon | DECLARE case$[] = { "tree", "abracadabra", "seesaw", "elk", "grrrrrr", "up", "a" }
FOR z = 0 TO UBOUND(case$)-1
result$ = EXPLODE$(case$[z], 1)
FOR y = 1 TO AMOUNT(result$)
FOR x = 1 TO LEN(case$[z])
IF TOKEN$(result$, y) <> MID$(case$[z], x, 1) AND TOKEN$(result$, x) = MID$(case$[z], x,... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings | Binary strings | Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks.
This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la... | #E | E | ? def int8 := <type:java.lang.Byte>
# value: int8 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_strings | Binary strings | Many languages have powerful and useful (binary safe) string manipulation functions, while others don't, making it harder for these languages to accomplish some tasks.
This task is about creating functions to handle binary strings (strings made of arbitrary bytes, i.e. byte strings according to Wikipedia) for those la... | #Elixir | Elixir | # String creation
x = "hello world"
# String destruction
x = nil
# String assignment with a null byte
x = "a\0b"
IO.inspect x #=> <<97, 0, 98>>
IO.puts String.length(x) #=> 3
# string comparison
if x == "hello" do
IO.puts "equal"
else
IO.puts "not equal" #=> not equal
end
y = "bc... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits | Bin given limits | You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits
for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the
range of each bin.
(Assuming zero-based indexing)
bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0]
bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1]
... | #jq | jq | # input and output: {limits, count} where
# .limits holds an array defining the limits, and
# .count[$i] holds the count of bin $i, where bin[0] is the left-most bin
def bin($x):
(.limits | bsearch($x)) as $ix
| (if $ix > -1 then $ix + 1 else -1 - $ix end) as $i
| .count[$i] += 1;
# pretty-print for the s... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bin_given_limits | Bin given limits | You are given a list of n ascending, unique numbers which are to form limits
for n+1 bins which count how many of a large set of input numbers fall in the
range of each bin.
(Assuming zero-based indexing)
bin[0] counts how many inputs are < limit[0]
bin[1] counts how many inputs are >= limit[0] and < limit[1]
... | #Julia | Julia | """Add the function Python has in its bisect library"""
function bisect_right(array, x, low = 1, high = length(array) + 1)
while low < high
middle = (low + high) ÷ 2
x < array[middle] ? (high = middle) : (low = middle + 1)
end
return low
end
""" Bin data according to (ascending) limits """... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count | Bioinformatics/base count | Given this string representing ordered DNA bases:
CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG
CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG
AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT
GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT
CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG
TCAGTCCCAATGTG... | #Nim | Nim | import strformat
import strutils
const Source = "CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG" &
"CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG" &
"AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT" &
"GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT" &
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/base_count | Bioinformatics/base count | Given this string representing ordered DNA bases:
CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG
CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG
AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT
GGGACGTTTCGTCGACAAAGTCTTGTTTCGAGAGTAACGGCTACCGTCTT
CGATTCTGCTTATAACACTATGTTCTTATGAAATGGATGTTCTGAGTTGG
TCAGTCCCAATGTG... | #Pascal | Pascal | program DNA_Base_Count;
{$IFDEF FPC}
{$MODE DELPHI}//String = AnsiString
{$ELSE}
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
{$ENDIF}
const
dna =
'CGTAAAAAATTACAACGTCCTTTGGCTATCTCTTAAACTCCTGCTAAATG' +
'CTCGTGCTTTCCAATTATGTAAGCGTTCCGAGACGGGGTGGTCGATTCTG' +
'AGGACAAAGGTCAAGATGGAGCGCATCGAACGCAATAAGGATCATTTGAT' +
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_digits | Binary digits | Task
Create and display the sequence of binary digits for a given non-negative integer.
The decimal value 5 should produce an output of 101
The decimal value 50 should produce an output of 110010
The decimal value 9000 should produce an output of 10001100101000
... | #Action.21 | Action! | PROC PrintBinary(CARD v)
CHAR ARRAY a(16)
BYTE i=[0]
DO
a(i)=(v&1)+'0
i==+1
v=v RSH 1
UNTIL v=0
OD
DO
i==-1
Put(a(i))
UNTIL i=0
OD
RETURN
PROC Main()
CARD ARRAY data=[0 5 50 9000]
BYTE i
CARD v
FOR i=0 TO 3
DO
v=data(i)
PrintF("Output for %I is ",v)
Pr... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm | Bitmap/Bresenham's line algorithm | Task
Using the data storage type defined on the Bitmap page for raster graphics images,
draw a line given two points with Bresenham's line algorithm.
| #F.23 | F# | let inline bresenham fill (x0, y0) (x1, y1) =
let steep = abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0)
let x0, y0, x1, y1 =
if steep then y0, x0, y1, x1 else x0, y0, x1, y1
let x0, y0, x1, y1 =
if x0 > x1 then x1, y1, x0, y0 else x0, y0, x1, y1
let dx, dy = x1 - x0, abs(y1 - y0)
let s = if y0 < y1 then 1 else -1
let... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #zkl | zkl | var [const] bases="ACGT", lbases=bases.toLower();
dna:=(190).pump(Data().howza(3),(0).random.fp(0,4),bases.get); // bucket of bytes
foreach s,m in (T("Original","Mutated").zip(T(True,False))){
println("\n",s," DNA strand:"); dnaPP(dna);
println("Base Counts: ", dna.len()," : ",
dna.text.toUpper().counts()... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bioinformatics/Sequence_mutation | Bioinformatics/Sequence mutation | Task
Given a string of characters A, C, G, and T representing a DNA sequence write a routine to mutate the sequence, (string) by:
Choosing a random base position in the sequence.
Mutate the sequence by doing one of either:
Swap the base at that position by changing it to one of A, C, G, or T. (which has a chance o... | #Rust | Rust |
use rand::prelude::*;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter, Error};
pub struct Seq<'a> {
alphabet: Vec<&'a str>,
distr: rand::distributions::Uniform<usize>,
pos_distr: rand::distributions::Uniform<usize>,
seq: Vec<&'a str>,
}
impl Display for Seq<'_> {
fn fmt(&self,... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill | Bitmap/Flood fill | Implement a flood fill.
A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall... | #Rust | Rust |
/* Naive Rust implementation of RosettaCode's Bitmap/Flood fill excercise.
*
* For the sake of simplicity this code reads PPM files (format specification can be found here: http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppm.html ).
* The program assumes that the image has been created by GIMP in PPM ASCII mode and panics at an... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/Flood_fill | Bitmap/Flood fill | Implement a flood fill.
A flood fill is a way of filling an area using color banks to define the contained area or a target color which "determines" the area (the valley that can be flooded; Wikipedia uses the term target color). It works almost like a water flooding from a point towards the banks (or: inside the vall... | #Scala | Scala | import java.awt.Color
import scala.collection.mutable
object Flood {
def floodFillStack(bm:RgbBitmap, x: Int, y: Int, targetColor: Color): Unit = {
// validate
if (bm.getPixel(x,y) == targetColor) return
// vars
val oldColor = bm.getPixel(x,y)
val pixels = new mutable.Stack[(Int,Int)]
//... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Modula-3 | Modula-3 | TYPE BOOLEAN = {FALSE, TRUE} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #Monte | Monte |
def example(input :boolean):
if input:
return "Input was true!"
return "Input was false."
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Boolean_values | Boolean values | Task
Show how to represent the boolean states "true" and "false" in a language.
If other objects represent "true" or "false" in conditionals, note it.
Related tasks
Logical operations
| #MUMPS | MUMPS | a = true
b = false
if a
println "a is true"
else if b
println "b is true"
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Box_the_compass | Box the compass | There be many a land lubber that knows naught of the pirate ways and gives direction by degree!
They know not how to box the compass!
Task description
Create a function that takes a heading in degrees and returns the correct 32-point compass heading.
Use the function to print and display a table of Index, Compass... | #langur | langur | val .box = ["North", "North by east", "North-northeast", "Northeast by north",
"Northeast", "Northeast by east", "East-northeast", "East by north",
"East", "East by south", "East-southeast", "Southeast by east",
"Southeast", "Southeast by south", "South-southeast", "South by east",
"South", "South by we... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations | Bitwise operations |
Basic Data Operation
This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type.
You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or:
Integer Operations
Arithmetic |
Comparison
Boolean Operations
Bitwise |
Logical
String Operations
Concatenation |
Interpolation |... | #E | E | def bitwise(a :int, b :int) {
println(`Bitwise operations:
a AND b: ${a & b}
a OR b: ${a | b}
a XOR b: ${a ^ b}
NOT a: " + ${~a}
a left shift b: ${a << b}
a right shift b: ${a >> b}
`)
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap | Bitmap | Show a basic storage type to handle a simple RGB raster graphics image,
and some primitive associated functions.
If possible provide a function to allocate an uninitialised image,
given its width and height, and provide 3 additional functions:
one to fill an image with a plain RGB color,
one to set a given pixe... | #Erlang | Erlang |
-module(ros_bitmap).
-export([new/2, fill/2, set_pixel/3, get_pixel/2]).
-record(bitmap, {
pixels = nil,
shape = {0, 0}
}).
new(Width, Height) ->
#bitmap{pixels=array:new(Width * Height, {default, <<0:8, 0:8, 0:8>>}), shape={Width, Height}}.
fill(#bitmap{shape={Width, Height}}, {rgb, R, G, B}) ->
... |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bell_numbers | Bell numbers | Bell or exponential numbers are enumerations of the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements. Each element of the sequence Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n where order of the elements and order of the partitions are non-significant. E.G.: {a b} is the same as {b a} and {a... | #Cowgol | Cowgol | include "cowgol.coh";
typedef B is uint32;
typedef I is intptr;
sub bellIndex(row: I, col: I): (addr: I) is
addr := (row * (row - 1) / 2 + col) * @bytesof B;
end sub;
sub getBell(row: I, col: I): (bell: B) is
bell := [LOMEM as [B] + bellIndex(row, col)];
end sub;
sub setBell(row: I, col: I, bell: B) is
... |
Subsets and Splits
Rosetta Code COBOL Python Hard Tasks
Identifies and retrieves challenging tasks that exist in both COBOL and Python, revealing cross-language programming patterns and difficulty levels for comparative analysis.
Rosetta Code Task Comparisons
Identifies tasks common to both COBOL and Python languages that are described as having difficulty levels, revealing cross-language task similarities and providing useful comparative programming examples.
Select Specific Languages Codes
Retrieves specific programming language names and codes from training data, providing basic filtering but limited analytical value beyond identifying these particular languages.