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question: What did the Metropolitan Police Act say police were a subset of? context: The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers, and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system. Their job was apolitical; to maintain the peace and appre... | the judicial system | 5732a6ebcc179a14009dabd5 |
question: Where was the 'Continental model' of police from? context: The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers, and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system. Their job was apolitical; to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals f... | France | 5732a6ebcc179a14009dabd6 |
question: What part of the government did French police work under? context: The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers, and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system. Their job was apolitical; to maintain the peace and apprehend cri... | the authority of the monarch | 5732a6ebcc179a14009dabd7 |
question: When did Rio get its first police investigator? context: In 1566, the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited. By the 17th century, most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maintai... | 1566 | 5732a92f328d981900601ff3 |
question: How had the Rio police grown by the 17th century? context: In 1566, the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited. By the 17th century, most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maint... | most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions | 5732a92f328d981900601ff4 |
question: When did Minas Gerais get a cavalry regiment? context: In 1566, the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited. By the 17th century, most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maintaini... | July 9, 1775 | 5732a92f328d981900601ff5 |
question: Where did the Portuguese royal family move in 1808? context: In 1566, the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited. By the 17th century, most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for mai... | Brazil | 5732a92f328d981900601ff6 |
question: Who invaded Portugal in 1808? context: In 1566, the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited. By the 17th century, most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maintaining law and order... | French | 5732a92f328d981900601ff7 |
question: When did Canada get its first police? context: In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Pol... | 1729 | 5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a60 |
question: What was Canada's first police force? context: In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Pol... | Royal Newfoundland Constabulary | 5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a61 |
question: When was the Toronto police created? context: In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Poli... | 1834 | 5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a62 |
question: When was the Montreal police created? context: In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Pol... | 1838 | 5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a63 |
question: When were the first Mounties created? context: In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Pol... | 1873 | 5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a64 |
question: What were the Old West's local police options? context: In the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations were supplemented by pri... | poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses | 5732aa731d5d2e14009ff88f |
question: Which military branch helped the Old West's inadequate local police? context: In the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations we... | The Army | 5732aa731d5d2e14009ff890 |
question: Which military branch did the Pinkertons exceed at their height? context: In the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations were s... | Army | 5732aa731d5d2e14009ff892 |
question: Which private contractor acted as police for businesses? context: In the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations were supplemen... | Pinkerton National Detective Agency | 5732aa731d5d2e14009ff891 |
question: Which countries' scholars developed the contemporary police concept? context: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and... | German and French | 5732ab8ed6dcfa19001e8a6a |
question: When was the 'Treatise on the Police' published? context: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centurie... | 1705 | 5732ab8ed6dcfa19001e8a6d |
question: What was the 'Treatise on the Police' called in French? context: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th c... | Traité de la Police | 5732ab8ed6dcfa19001e8a6c |
question: Who wrote the 'Treatise on the Police'? context: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most n... | Nicolas Delamare | 5732ab8ed6dcfa19001e8a6b |
question: What was von Hornigk's career? context: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably wi... | Political economist and civil servant | 5732ab8ed6dcfa19001e8a6e |
question: Which economic theory did Foucault say supported the police? context: As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western ... | mercantilist theory | 5732af38d6dcfa19001e8a76 |
question: How did Foucault describe the social duty of police? context: As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western politica... | procuring abundance | 5732af38d6dcfa19001e8a75 |
question: Who wrote about Polizeiwissenschaft? context: As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy sys... | Foucault | 5732af38d6dcfa19001e8a74 |
question: Why did the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning? context: As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated w... | because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc. | 5732af38d6dcfa19001e8a77 |
question: Who wrote 'Preventive Police'? context: Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more immediately by... | Edwin Chadwick | 5732afaccc179a14009dac0e |
question: When was 'Preventive Police' published? context: Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more immed... | 1829 | 5732afaccc179a14009dac0f |
question: Where was 'Preventive Police' published? context: Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more imme... | London Review | 5732afaccc179a14009dac10 |
question: What did Chadwick say police should be focused on? context: Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act... | prevention | 5732afaccc179a14009dac11 |
question: What was the alternative to prevention? context: Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more immed... | a deterrent of punishment | 5732afaccc179a14009dac12 |
question: What do some police departments make detectives go back to periodically? context: Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and ... | patrol duties | 5732b0c9cc179a14009dac18 |
question: Where do some think the most important police work happens? context: Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and instead maint... | on patrol | 5732b0c9cc179a14009dac19 |
question: How do patrol officers affect crime? context: Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and instead maintain policies that limit... | prevent crime by their presence | 5732b0c9cc179a14009dac1a |
question: When did Nadelmann write about global policing? context: The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 1993), (Sheptycki, 199... | 1993 | 5732b2a0328d981900602011 |
question: When did Sheptycki write about global policing? context: The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 1993), (Sheptycki, 199... | 1995 | 5732b2a0328d981900602012 |
question: What terms have been used to describe policing beyond one country? context: The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 199... | international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing | 5732b2a0328d981900602013 |
question: When did Deflem write about cross-border policing? context: Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance becaus... | 2002 | 5732b79ad6dcfa19001e8a86 |
question: What groups did European police work against across borders in the 19th century? context: Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cr... | anarchist agitators and other political radicals | 5732b79ad6dcfa19001e8a87 |
question: Which police force monitored Karl Marx? context: Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concer... | Prussian | 5732b79ad6dcfa19001e8a88 |
question: What international police agency was created before WW2? context: Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance ... | Interpol | 5732b79ad6dcfa19001e8a89 |
question: In what era did cross-border policing increase? context: Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because o... | post–Cold War | 5732b79ad6dcfa19001e8a8a |
question: Where did Sheptycki study police cooperation? context: Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken. A notable exception is James Sheptycki's study of police cooperation in the English Channel region (2002), which provides a syste... | the English Channel region | 5732b7fbcc179a14009dac28 |
question: When did Sheptycki write about police cooperation? context: Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken. A notable exception is James Sheptycki's study of police cooperation in the English Channel region (2002), which provides a ... | 2002 | 5732b7fbcc179a14009dac29 |
question: When did the Channel region establish routine cross-border policing? context: Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken. A notable exception is James Sheptycki's study of police cooperation in the English Channel region (2002),... | 1968 | 5732b7fbcc179a14009dac2a |
question: When was the Schengen Treaty signed? context: Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken. A notable exception is James Sheptycki's study of police cooperation in the English Channel region (2002), which provides a systematic con... | 1992 | 5732b7fbcc179a14009dac2b |
question: What did the Schengen Treaty do for policing? context: Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken. A notable exception is James Sheptycki's study of police cooperation in the English Channel region (2002), which provides a syste... | formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the European Union | 5732b7fbcc179a14009dac2c |
question: Where has cross-border policing been most under-studied? context: Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific cross-border locations in... | outside of Europe | 5732b8ac328d98190060202b |
question: Who compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices? context: Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific ... | Alain | 5732b8ac328d98190060202c |
question: What kind of policing has become common practice? context: Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific cross-border locations in North ... | Intelligence-led | 5732b8ac328d98190060202d |
question: What problems did Sheptycki say 'organizational pathologies' have caused for police? context: Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specif... | make the functioning of security-intelligence processes in transnational policing deeply problematic | 5732b8ac328d98190060202e |
question: What paradox did Sheptycki point out? context: Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific cross-border locations in North America and ... | the harder policing agencies work to produce security, the greater are feelings of insecurity | 5732b8ac328d98190060202f |
question: Where has transnational policing become more important? context: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this look... | in United Nations peacekeeping | 5732baf1328d981900602035 |
question: Who wrote about police development-aid in 2007? context: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set to... | Goldsmith and Sheptycki | 5732baf1328d981900602037 |
question: What kind of countries get assistance with policing? context: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks s... | weak, failed or failing states | 5732baf1328d981900602036 |
question: What concern did Hills raise about power imbalances? context: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks s... | With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark | 5732baf1328d981900602039 |
question: What concern did Hills raise about police models? context: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set ... | there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions | 5732baf1328d981900602038 |
question: Who wrote the Global Accountability Report for 2007? context: Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically a... | Lloyd, et al. | 5732bba1d6dcfa19001e8a90 |
question: Why is transnational policing so unaccountable? context: Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accoun... | this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement | 5732bba1d6dcfa19001e8a93 |
question: How accountable is Interpol? context: Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable (Sheptycki, 2... | 22% | 5732bba1d6dcfa19001e8a92 |
question: What is the least-accountable IGO? context: Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable (Shepty... | Interpol | 5732bba1d6dcfa19001e8a91 |
question: What should non-lethal weapons properly be called? context: They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water canno... | "less than lethal" or "less-lethal" | 5732bcead6dcfa19001e8a98 |
question: What are common less-lethal weapons? context: They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electro... | batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons | 5732bcead6dcfa19001e8a99 |
question: What is supposed to be the last resort for police? context: They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water canno... | The use of firearms or deadly force | 5732bcead6dcfa19001e8a9a |
question: What is South Africa's "shoot-to-kill" policy? context: They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons a... | allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians | 5732bcead6dcfa19001e8a9b |
question: Where can police shoot fleeing convicts? context: They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and ele... | Brazil | 5732bcead6dcfa19001e8a9c |
question: How do modern police often communicate? context: Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the a... | radio | 5732befb1d5d2e14009ff897 |
question: Where do police have radios? context: Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of p... | carried both on the person and installed in vehicles | 5732befb1d5d2e14009ff898 |
question: Why do police use radios? context: Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of poli... | to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly | 5732befb1d5d2e14009ff899 |
question: What have computers in police cars enabled for investigation? context: Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed compute... | criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds | 5732befb1d5d2e14009ff89a |
question: What have computers in police cars enabled for reporting? context: Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers h... | updating officers' daily activity log and other, required reports on a real-time basis | 5732befb1d5d2e14009ff89b |
question: When do police often use unmarked cars? context: Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked pol... | primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence | 5732bf5c328d98190060203f |
question: What use of unmarked cars is controversial? context: Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked... | for traffic law enforcement | 5732bf5c328d981900602040 |
question: Why did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops? context: Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the ... | it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers | 5732bf5c328d981900602042 |
question: When did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops? context: Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the... | 1996 | 5732bf5c328d981900602041 |
question: Why do some cops use bicycles to patrol? context: Motorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickly clear a ... | they allow for more open interaction with the public | 5732c242d6dcfa19001e8aa2 |
question: How do bicycles help catch some suspects? context: Motorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickly clear a... | their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot | 5732c242d6dcfa19001e8aa3 |
question: What do police use to control motorcyclist events? context: Motorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickl... | Motorcycles | 5732c242d6dcfa19001e8aa4 |
question: Who was O.W. Wilson a student of? context: In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Departme... | August Vollmer | 5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a2 |
question: Who introduced education requirements for US police? context: In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chic... | August Vollmer | 5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a1 |
question: Why did Wilson rotate officers between communities? context: In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chica... | to reduce their vulnerability to corruption | 5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a4 |
question: Where did Wilson reduce police corruption? context: In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police... | Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department | 5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a3 |
question: How did Wilson recruit more qualified police? context: In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Pol... | an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries | 5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a5 |
question: What does Miranda provide? context: In Miranda the court created safeguards against self-incriminating statements made after an arrest. The court held that "The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a perso... | safeguards against self-incriminating statements made after an arrest | 5732c3d8d6dcfa19001e8aa8 |
question: What does the 5th Amendment protect against? context: In Miranda the court created safeguards against self-incriminating statements made after an arrest. The court held that "The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement offi... | self-incrimination | 5732c3d8d6dcfa19001e8aa9 |
question: Which amendment prevents self-incrimination? context: In Miranda the court created safeguards against self-incriminating statements made after an arrest. The court held that "The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement offi... | Fifth | 5732c3d8d6dcfa19001e8aaa |
question: When was the Terry v. Ohio case? context: In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest. The court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer's search " [is] confined to what [is] minimally necessary to determine whether [a suspect] is... | 1968 | 5732c4bcd6dcfa19001e8aae |
question: Which two parts did Terry v. Ohio divide seizure into? context: In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest. The court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer's search " [is] confined to what [is] minimally necessary to determine ... | investigatory stop and arrest | 5732c4bcd6dcfa19001e8aaf |
question: What is an investigatory stop's search limited to? context: In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest. The court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer's search " [is] confined to what [is] minimally necessary to determine whet... | what [is] minimally necessary to determine whether [a suspect] is armed | 5732c4bcd6dcfa19001e8ab0 |
question: What is the legal status of UK police officers? context: All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain highe... | constables | 5732c58e1d5d2e14009ff8ab |
question: What can only Inspector-ranked UK officers do? context: All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain higher... | authorize a search of a suspect's house | 5732c58e1d5d2e14009ff8ac |
question: What can only Superintendent-ranked UK officers do? context: All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain h... | authorize a suspect's detention beyond 24 hours | 5732c58e1d5d2e14009ff8ad |
question: What powers of a new UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's? context: All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissione... | arrest | 5732c58e1d5d2e14009ff8ae |
question: Why do some police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders? context: In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police ... | To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law | 5732c66fcc179a14009dac50 |
question: What could be impeded without police interference? context: In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such ... | the realization of the private right | 5732c66fcc179a14009dac51 |
question: How could police help the owner when a restaurant guest doesn't pay because their wallet got stolen? context: In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts r... | establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper | 5732c66fcc179a14009dac52 |
question: What does Punjab mean? context: Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% o... | five waters | 5733f55e4776f419006615ab |
question: How many provinces does Pakistan have? context: Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, app... | four | 5733f55e4776f419006615ac |
question: How large is Punjab? context: Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of ... | 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) | 5733f55e4776f419006615ad |
question: What is Punjab's population? context: Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately... | 91.379.615 | 5733f55e4776f419006615ae |
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