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classmethod datetime.combine(date, time, tzinfo=self.tzinfo)
Return a new datetime object whose date components are equal to the given date object’s, and whose time components are equal to the given time object’s. If the tzinfo argument is provided, its value is used to set the tzinfo attribute of the result, otherwi... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.combine |
datetime.ctime()
Return a string representing the date and time: >>> from datetime import datetime
>>> datetime(2002, 12, 4, 20, 30, 40).ctime()
'Wed Dec 4 20:30:40 2002'
The output string will not include time zone information, regardless of whether the input is aware or naive. d.ctime() is equivalent to: time.cti... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.ctime |
datetime.date()
Return date object with same year, month and day. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.date |
datetime.day
Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.day |
datetime.dst()
If tzinfo is None, returns None, else returns self.tzinfo.dst(self), and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return None or a timedelta object with magnitude less than one day. Changed in version 3.7: The DST offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.dst |
datetime.fold
In [0, 1]. Used to disambiguate wall times during a repeated interval. (A repeated interval occurs when clocks are rolled back at the end of daylight saving time or when the UTC offset for the current zone is decreased for political reasons.) The value 0 (1) represents the earlier (later) of the two mom... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.fold |
classmethod datetime.fromisocalendar(year, week, day)
Return a datetime corresponding to the ISO calendar date specified by year, week and day. The non-date components of the datetime are populated with their normal default values. This is the inverse of the function datetime.isocalendar(). New in version 3.8. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar |
classmethod datetime.fromisoformat(date_string)
Return a datetime corresponding to a date_string in one of the formats emitted by date.isoformat() and datetime.isoformat(). Specifically, this function supports strings in the format: YYYY-MM-DD[*HH[:MM[:SS[.fff[fff]]]][+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]]]
where * can match any sin... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.fromisoformat |
classmethod datetime.fromordinal(ordinal)
Return the datetime corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian ordinal, where January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1. ValueError is raised unless 1
<= ordinal <= datetime.max.toordinal(). The hour, minute, second and microsecond of the result are all 0, and tzinfo is None. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.fromordinal |
classmethod datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=None)
Return the local date and time corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is returned by time.time(). If optional argument tz is None or not specified, the timestamp is converted to the platform’s local date and time, and the returned datetime object is naive.... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp |
datetime.hour
In range(24). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.hour |
datetime.isocalendar()
Return a named tuple with three components: year, week and weekday. The same as self.date().isocalendar(). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.isocalendar |
datetime.isoformat(sep='T', timespec='auto')
Return a string representing the date and time in ISO 8601 format:
YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.ffffff, if microsecond is not 0
YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS, if microsecond is 0 If utcoffset() does not return None, a string is appended, giving the UTC offset:
YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.fffff... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.isoformat |
datetime.isoweekday()
Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7. The same as self.date().isoweekday(). See also weekday(), isocalendar(). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.isoweekday |
datetime.max
The latest representable datetime, datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59,
59, 999999, tzinfo=None). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.max |
datetime.microsecond
In range(1000000). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.microsecond |
datetime.min
The earliest representable datetime, datetime(MINYEAR, 1, 1,
tzinfo=None). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.min |
datetime.minute
In range(60). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.minute |
datetime.month
Between 1 and 12 inclusive. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.month |
classmethod datetime.now(tz=None)
Return the current local date and time. If optional argument tz is None or not specified, this is like today(), but, if possible, supplies more precision than can be gotten from going through a time.time() timestamp (for example, this may be possible on platforms supplying the C gett... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.now |
datetime.replace(year=self.year, month=self.month, day=self.day, hour=self.hour, minute=self.minute, second=self.second, microsecond=self.microsecond, tzinfo=self.tzinfo, *, fold=0)
Return a datetime with the same attributes, except for those attributes given new values by whichever keyword arguments are specified. N... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.replace |
datetime.resolution
The smallest possible difference between non-equal datetime objects, timedelta(microseconds=1). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.resolution |
datetime.second
In range(60). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.second |
datetime.strftime(format)
Return a string representing the date and time, controlled by an explicit format string. For a complete list of formatting directives, see strftime() and strptime() Behavior. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.strftime |
classmethod datetime.strptime(date_string, format)
Return a datetime corresponding to date_string, parsed according to format. This is equivalent to: datetime(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:6]))
ValueError is raised if the date_string and format can’t be parsed by time.strptime() or if it returns a value whi... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.strptime |
datetime.time()
Return time object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond and fold. tzinfo is None. See also method timetz(). Changed in version 3.6: The fold value is copied to the returned time object. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.time |
datetime.timestamp()
Return POSIX timestamp corresponding to the datetime instance. The return value is a float similar to that returned by time.time(). Naive datetime instances are assumed to represent local time and this method relies on the platform C mktime() function to perform the conversion. Since datetime sup... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.timestamp |
datetime.timetuple()
Return a time.struct_time such as returned by time.localtime(). d.timetuple() is equivalent to: time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day,
d.hour, d.minute, d.second,
d.weekday(), yday, dst))
where yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1 is th... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.timetuple |
datetime.timetz()
Return time object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond, fold, and tzinfo attributes. See also method time(). Changed in version 3.6: The fold value is copied to the returned time object. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.timetz |
classmethod datetime.today()
Return the current local datetime, with tzinfo None. Equivalent to: datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
See also now(), fromtimestamp(). This method is functionally equivalent to now(), but without a tz parameter. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.today |
datetime.toordinal()
Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date. The same as self.date().toordinal(). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.toordinal |
datetime.tzinfo
The object passed as the tzinfo argument to the datetime constructor, or None if none was passed. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.tzinfo |
datetime.tzname()
If tzinfo is None, returns None, else returns self.tzinfo.tzname(self), raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return None or a string object, | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.tzname |
classmethod datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
Return the UTC datetime corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, with tzinfo None. (The resulting object is naive.) This may raise OverflowError, if the timestamp is out of the range of values supported by the platform C gmtime() function, and OSError on gmtime() failure.... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp |
classmethod datetime.utcnow()
Return the current UTC date and time, with tzinfo None. This is like now(), but returns the current UTC date and time, as a naive datetime object. An aware current UTC datetime can be obtained by calling datetime.now(timezone.utc). See also now(). Warning Because naive datetime objects ... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.utcnow |
datetime.utcoffset()
If tzinfo is None, returns None, else returns self.tzinfo.utcoffset(self), and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return None or a timedelta object with magnitude less than one day. Changed in version 3.7: The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.utcoffset |
datetime.utctimetuple()
If datetime instance d is naive, this is the same as d.timetuple() except that tm_isdst is forced to 0 regardless of what d.dst() returns. DST is never in effect for a UTC time. If d is aware, d is normalized to UTC time, by subtracting d.utcoffset(), and a time.struct_time for the normalized ... | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.utctimetuple |
datetime.weekday()
Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6. The same as self.date().weekday(). See also isoweekday(). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.weekday |
datetime.year
Between MINYEAR and MAXYEAR inclusive. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.year |
datetime.__format__(format)
Same as datetime.strftime(). This makes it possible to specify a format string for a datetime object in formatted string literals and when using str.format(). For a complete list of formatting directives, see strftime() and strptime() Behavior. | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.__format__ |
datetime.__str__()
For a datetime instance d, str(d) is equivalent to d.isoformat(' '). | python.library.datetime#datetime.datetime.__str__ |
datetime.MAXYEAR
The largest year number allowed in a date or datetime object. MAXYEAR is 9999. | python.library.datetime#datetime.MAXYEAR |
datetime.MINYEAR
The smallest year number allowed in a date or datetime object. MINYEAR is 1. | python.library.datetime#datetime.MINYEAR |
class datetime.time(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None, *, fold=0)
All arguments are optional. tzinfo may be None, or an instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments must be integers in the following ranges:
0 <= hour < 24,
0 <= minute < 60,
0 <= second < 60,
0 <= microsecond < 1000... | python.library.datetime#datetime.time |
time.dst()
If tzinfo is None, returns None, else returns self.tzinfo.dst(None), and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return None, or a timedelta object with magnitude less than one day. Changed in version 3.7: The DST offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes. | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.dst |
time.fold
In [0, 1]. Used to disambiguate wall times during a repeated interval. (A repeated interval occurs when clocks are rolled back at the end of daylight saving time or when the UTC offset for the current zone is decreased for political reasons.) The value 0 (1) represents the earlier (later) of the two moments... | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.fold |
classmethod time.fromisoformat(time_string)
Return a time corresponding to a time_string in one of the formats emitted by time.isoformat(). Specifically, this function supports strings in the format: HH[:MM[:SS[.fff[fff]]]][+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]]
Caution This does not support parsing arbitrary ISO 8601 strings. It i... | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.fromisoformat |
time.hour
In range(24). | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.hour |
time.isoformat(timespec='auto')
Return a string representing the time in ISO 8601 format, one of:
HH:MM:SS.ffffff, if microsecond is not 0
HH:MM:SS, if microsecond is 0
HH:MM:SS.ffffff+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]], if utcoffset() does not return None
HH:MM:SS+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]], if microsecond is 0 and utcoffset() does... | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.isoformat |
time.max
The latest representable time, time(23, 59, 59, 999999). | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.max |
time.microsecond
In range(1000000). | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.microsecond |
time.min
The earliest representable time, time(0, 0, 0, 0). | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.min |
time.minute
In range(60). | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.minute |
time.replace(hour=self.hour, minute=self.minute, second=self.second, microsecond=self.microsecond, tzinfo=self.tzinfo, *, fold=0)
Return a time with the same value, except for those attributes given new values by whichever keyword arguments are specified. Note that tzinfo=None can be specified to create a naive time ... | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.replace |
time.resolution
The smallest possible difference between non-equal time objects, timedelta(microseconds=1), although note that arithmetic on time objects is not supported. | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.resolution |
time.second
In range(60). | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.second |
time.strftime(format)
Return a string representing the time, controlled by an explicit format string. For a complete list of formatting directives, see strftime() and strptime() Behavior. | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.strftime |
time.tzinfo
The object passed as the tzinfo argument to the time constructor, or None if none was passed. | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.tzinfo |
time.tzname()
If tzinfo is None, returns None, else returns self.tzinfo.tzname(None), or raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return None or a string object. | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.tzname |
time.utcoffset()
If tzinfo is None, returns None, else returns self.tzinfo.utcoffset(None), and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return None or a timedelta object with magnitude less than one day. Changed in version 3.7: The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes. | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.utcoffset |
time.__format__(format)
Same as time.strftime(). This makes it possible to specify a format string for a time object in formatted string literals and when using str.format(). For a complete list of formatting directives, see strftime() and strptime() Behavior. | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.__format__ |
time.__str__()
For a time t, str(t) is equivalent to t.isoformat(). | python.library.datetime#datetime.time.__str__ |
class datetime.timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0)
All arguments are optional and default to 0. Arguments may be integers or floats, and may be positive or negative. Only days, seconds and microseconds are stored internally. Arguments are converted to those units:... | python.library.datetime#datetime.timedelta |
timedelta.max
The most positive timedelta object, timedelta(days=999999999,
hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59, microseconds=999999). | python.library.datetime#datetime.timedelta.max |
timedelta.min
The most negative timedelta object, timedelta(-999999999). | python.library.datetime#datetime.timedelta.min |
timedelta.resolution
The smallest possible difference between non-equal timedelta objects, timedelta(microseconds=1). | python.library.datetime#datetime.timedelta.resolution |
timedelta.total_seconds()
Return the total number of seconds contained in the duration. Equivalent to td / timedelta(seconds=1). For interval units other than seconds, use the division form directly (e.g. td / timedelta(microseconds=1)). Note that for very large time intervals (greater than 270 years on most platform... | python.library.datetime#datetime.timedelta.total_seconds |
class datetime.timezone(offset, name=None)
The offset argument must be specified as a timedelta object representing the difference between the local time and UTC. It must be strictly between -timedelta(hours=24) and timedelta(hours=24), otherwise ValueError is raised. The name argument is optional. If specified it mu... | python.library.datetime#datetime.timezone |
timezone.dst(dt)
Always returns None. | python.library.datetime#datetime.timezone.dst |
timezone.fromutc(dt)
Return dt + offset. The dt argument must be an aware datetime instance, with tzinfo set to self. | python.library.datetime#datetime.timezone.fromutc |
timezone.tzname(dt)
Return the fixed value specified when the timezone instance is constructed. If name is not provided in the constructor, the name returned by tzname(dt) is generated from the value of the offset as follows. If offset is timedelta(0), the name is “UTC”, otherwise it is a string in the format UTC±HH:... | python.library.datetime#datetime.timezone.tzname |
timezone.utc
The UTC timezone, timezone(timedelta(0)). | python.library.datetime#datetime.timezone.utc |
timezone.utcoffset(dt)
Return the fixed value specified when the timezone instance is constructed. The dt argument is ignored. The return value is a timedelta instance equal to the difference between the local time and UTC. Changed in version 3.7: The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes. | python.library.datetime#datetime.timezone.utcoffset |
class datetime.tzinfo
This is an abstract base class, meaning that this class should not be instantiated directly. Define a subclass of tzinfo to capture information about a particular time zone. An instance of (a concrete subclass of) tzinfo can be passed to the constructors for datetime and time objects. The latter... | python.library.datetime#datetime.tzinfo |
tzinfo.dst(dt)
Return the daylight saving time (DST) adjustment, as a timedelta object or None if DST information isn’t known. Return timedelta(0) if DST is not in effect. If DST is in effect, return the offset as a timedelta object (see utcoffset() for details). Note that DST offset, if applicable, has already been ... | python.library.datetime#datetime.tzinfo.dst |
tzinfo.fromutc(dt)
This is called from the default datetime.astimezone() implementation. When called from that, dt.tzinfo is self, and dt’s date and time data are to be viewed as expressing a UTC time. The purpose of fromutc() is to adjust the date and time data, returning an equivalent datetime in self’s local time.... | python.library.datetime#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc |
tzinfo.tzname(dt)
Return the time zone name corresponding to the datetime object dt, as a string. Nothing about string names is defined by the datetime module, and there’s no requirement that it mean anything in particular. For example, “GMT”, “UTC”, “-500”, “-5:00”, “EDT”, “US/Eastern”, “America/New York” are all va... | python.library.datetime#datetime.tzinfo.tzname |
tzinfo.utcoffset(dt)
Return offset of local time from UTC, as a timedelta object that is positive east of UTC. If local time is west of UTC, this should be negative. This represents the total offset from UTC; for example, if a tzinfo object represents both time zone and DST adjustments, utcoffset() should return thei... | python.library.datetime#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset |
dbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases” Source code: Lib/dbm/__init__.py dbm is a generic interface to variants of the DBM database — dbm.gnu or dbm.ndbm. If none of these modules is installed, the slow-but-simple implementation in module dbm.dumb will be used. There is a third party interface to the Oracle Berkeley DB. ... | python.library.dbm |
dumbdbm.close()
Close the dumbdbm database. | python.library.dbm#dbm.dumb.dumbdbm.close |
dumbdbm.sync()
Synchronize the on-disk directory and data files. This method is called by the Shelve.sync() method. | python.library.dbm#dbm.dumb.dumbdbm.sync |
exception dbm.dumb.error
Raised on dbm.dumb-specific errors, such as I/O errors. KeyError is raised for general mapping errors like specifying an incorrect key. | python.library.dbm#dbm.dumb.error |
dbm.dumb.open(filename[, flag[, mode]])
Open a dumbdbm database and return a dumbdbm object. The filename argument is the basename of the database file (without any specific extensions). When a dumbdbm database is created, files with .dat and .dir extensions are created. The optional flag argument can be:
Value Me... | python.library.dbm#dbm.dumb.open |
exception dbm.error
A tuple containing the exceptions that can be raised by each of the supported modules, with a unique exception also named dbm.error as the first item — the latter is used when dbm.error is raised. | python.library.dbm#dbm.error |
exception dbm.gnu.error
Raised on dbm.gnu-specific errors, such as I/O errors. KeyError is raised for general mapping errors like specifying an incorrect key. | python.library.dbm#dbm.gnu.error |
gdbm.close()
Close the gdbm database. | python.library.dbm#dbm.gnu.gdbm.close |
gdbm.firstkey()
It’s possible to loop over every key in the database using this method and the nextkey() method. The traversal is ordered by gdbm’s internal hash values, and won’t be sorted by the key values. This method returns the starting key. | python.library.dbm#dbm.gnu.gdbm.firstkey |
gdbm.nextkey(key)
Returns the key that follows key in the traversal. The following code prints every key in the database db, without having to create a list in memory that contains them all: k = db.firstkey()
while k != None:
print(k)
k = db.nextkey(k) | python.library.dbm#dbm.gnu.gdbm.nextkey |
gdbm.reorganize()
If you have carried out a lot of deletions and would like to shrink the space used by the gdbm file, this routine will reorganize the database. gdbm objects will not shorten the length of a database file except by using this reorganization; otherwise, deleted file space will be kept and reused as ne... | python.library.dbm#dbm.gnu.gdbm.reorganize |
gdbm.sync()
When the database has been opened in fast mode, this method forces any unwritten data to be written to the disk. | python.library.dbm#dbm.gnu.gdbm.sync |
dbm.gnu.open(filename[, flag[, mode]])
Open a gdbm database and return a gdbm object. The filename argument is the name of the database file. The optional flag argument can be:
Value Meaning
'r' Open existing database for reading only (default)
'w' Open existing database for reading and writing
'c' Open dat... | python.library.dbm#dbm.gnu.open |
exception dbm.ndbm.error
Raised on dbm.ndbm-specific errors, such as I/O errors. KeyError is raised for general mapping errors like specifying an incorrect key. | python.library.dbm#dbm.ndbm.error |
dbm.ndbm.library
Name of the ndbm implementation library used. | python.library.dbm#dbm.ndbm.library |
ndbm.close()
Close the ndbm database. | python.library.dbm#dbm.ndbm.ndbm.close |
dbm.ndbm.open(filename[, flag[, mode]])
Open a dbm database and return a ndbm object. The filename argument is the name of the database file (without the .dir or .pag extensions). The optional flag argument must be one of these values:
Value Meaning
'r' Open existing database for reading only (default)
'w' Op... | python.library.dbm#dbm.ndbm.open |
dbm.open(file, flag='r', mode=0o666)
Open the database file file and return a corresponding object. If the database file already exists, the whichdb() function is used to determine its type and the appropriate module is used; if it does not exist, the first module listed above that can be imported is used. The option... | python.library.dbm#dbm.open |
dbm.whichdb(filename)
This function attempts to guess which of the several simple database modules available — dbm.gnu, dbm.ndbm or dbm.dumb — should be used to open a given file. Returns one of the following values: None if the file can’t be opened because it’s unreadable or doesn’t exist; the empty string ('') if t... | python.library.dbm#dbm.whichdb |
decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic Source code: Lib/decimal.py The decimal module provides support for fast correctly-rounded decimal floating point arithmetic. It offers several advantages over the float datatype: Decimal “is based on a floating-point model which was designed with people in m... | python.library.decimal |
class decimal.BasicContext
This is a standard context defined by the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification. Precision is set to nine. Rounding is set to ROUND_HALF_UP. All flags are cleared. All traps are enabled (treated as exceptions) except Inexact, Rounded, and Subnormal. Because many of the traps are enabled,... | python.library.decimal#decimal.BasicContext |
class decimal.Clamped
Altered an exponent to fit representation constraints. Typically, clamping occurs when an exponent falls outside the context’s Emin and Emax limits. If possible, the exponent is reduced to fit by adding zeros to the coefficient. | python.library.decimal#decimal.Clamped |
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