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https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/American_River_College/HUM_301%3A_Introduction_to_Humanities_Textbook_(Collom)/08%3A_Freedom/8.01%3A_Freedom_of_the_Will/8.1.05%3A_The_Prisoners_Dilemma | 8.1.5: The Prisoner’s Dilemma
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The Prisoner’s Dilemma 37
The prisoner's dilemma is a standard example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two completely "rational" individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so. It was originall... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:24.798286 | 2021-06-15T23:27:19 | {
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"url": "https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/American_River_College/HUM_301%3A_Introduction_to_Humanities_Textbook_(Collom)/08%3A_Freedom/8.01%3A_Freedom_of_the_Will/8.1.05%3A_The_Prisoners_Dilemma",
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https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/American_River_College/HUM_301%3A_Introduction_to_Humanities_Textbook_(Collom)/08%3A_Freedom/8.01%3A_Freedom_of_the_Will/8.1.06%3A_The_Trial_of_Leopold_and_Loeb | 8.1.6: The Trial of Leopold and Loeb
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The Trial of Leopold and Loeb
Closing Argument
The State of Illinois v. Nathan Leopold & Richard Loeb
Delivered by Clarence Darrow
Chicago, Illinois, August 22, 1924
…
I insist, Your Honor, that had this been the case of two boys of these defendants' a... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:24.867032 | 2021-06-15T23:27:20 | {
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https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Scientific_Computing_Simulations_and_Modeling/Scientific_Computing_(Staab)/11%3A_Plotting_Data_and_Functions | 11: Plotting Data and Functions
Plotting is crucial to understanding functions and visualizing data. There are many ways to do some plots using various packages. Instead of covering details of multiple packages, we will cover the Plots package, which is overlay over many other plotting packages.
However, as you read th... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:31.789968 | 2021-05-11T18:22:22 | {
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"url": "https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Scientific_Computing_Simulations_and_Modeling/Scientific_Computing_(Staab)/11%3A_Plotting_Data_and_Functions",
"book_url": "https://commons.libretexts.org/bo... |
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Scientific_Computing_Simulations_and_Modeling/Scientific_Computing_(Staab)/11%3A_Plotting_Data_and_Functions/11.1%3A_The_Plots_Package | 11.1: The Plots Package
This page is a draft and is under active development.
There is a relatively simple, but powerful plotting package called Plots and don’t forget to download it as in Appendix XXX. The full documentation is at the Plots.jl website. Recall that once the package is added, enter
The Plots package tri... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:31.851279 | 2021-05-11T18:34:35 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication | 1: Introduction to Communication
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Successful students will be able to:
About 70% of our days are spent communicating (Alberts, Martin, & Nakayama, 2016), either face-to-face or through mediated platforms, such as email or text message. Yet, we often overesti... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.019134 | 2021-07-29T21:18:03 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication",
... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication/1.01%3A_Communication-_Definition_and_The_Communication_Process | 1.1: Communication- Definition and The Communication Process
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In this section, we will define communication and discuss the components of the communication process.
In this text, we define communication as symbol using and meaning making. Communicators excha... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.089153 | 2021-07-29T21:18:04 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication/1.... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication/1.03%3A_Principles_of_Communication | 1.3: Principles of Communication
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In this section, we will be discussing how communication is used to meet needs; exists on multiple levels; is a transactional process; is situated; can be either face-to-face, mediated, or both; is continuous, intentional, a... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.194343 | 2021-07-29T21:18:06 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication/1.... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication/1.04%3A_Communication_Competence | 1.4: Communication Competence
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As stated in the introduction, the purpose of this text is to increase communication competence. Although the word ‘competent’ is somewhat subjective and the definition can vary from person to person, we conceptualize communication competence as being compris... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.264628 | 2021-07-29T21:18:07 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Communication/1.... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication | Culture and communication are inseparably intertwined as “language and culture are the frameworks through which humans experience, communicate, and understand reality” (Vygostky, 1968, p.39). Culture influences our worldview, beliefs, and what we consider normal. However, as we all know from experience, many difference... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.338344 | 2021-07-29T21:18:08 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication",
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication/2.01%3A_Defining_Culture_and_Intercultural_Communication | 2.1: Defining Culture and Intercultural Communication
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In this section, we will define culture and explain what culture, co-culture, and intercultural communication is.
Definition of Culture
For the purposes of exploring the communicative aspects of culture, we will define culture as the o... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.400363 | 2021-07-29T21:18:09 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication/2.01%3... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication/2.02%3A_Eight_Cultural_Variables | 2.2: Eight Cultural Variables
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In this section, we will address eight cultural variables: human nature, time, action, communication, space, power, individualism/collectivism, and competitiveness/cooperativeness. These major variables offer a simple frame of reference for examining culture ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.466539 | 2021-07-29T21:18:10 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication/2.03%3A_Culture_and_Communication-_A_Dialectical_Approach_and_Five_Dialectics | 2.3: Culture and Communication- A Dialectical Approach and Five Dialectics
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In this section, we will discuss what a dialectical approach entails and examine five dialectics to help us better understand the link between culture and communication: Cultural-Individual, Personal-Contextual, Di... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.534212 | 2021-07-29T21:18:11 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication/2.03%3... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/02%3A_Culture_and_Communication/2.04%3A_Communication_Competence | 2.4: Communication Competence
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In this section, we address how to improve intercultural communication competence, discuss the value of switching your communication code based on context, and reflect on intercultural relationships.
Effective Communication: Intercultural Communication Compet... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.600618 | 2021-07-29T21:18:11 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perception_of_Others | 3: The Perception Process and Perception of Others
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Take a moment do a quick inventory of your senses: What do you see? Smell? Hear? Feel? Every second of every minute of every hour of every day, we are exposed to stimuli. Yet, what we choose to attend to and how we interpret it varies... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.675403 | 2021-07-29T21:18:12 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perce... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perception_of_Others/3.01%3A_The_Perception_Process | 3.1: The Perception Process
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Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information. This process includes the perception of select stimuli that pass through our perceptual filters, are organized into our existing structures and patterns, and are then interpreted ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.820030 | 2021-07-29T21:18:13 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perce... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perception_of_Others/3.02%3A_Perceiving_Others | 3.2: Perceiving Others
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Now that we have an understanding of how we select, organize, and interpret the various stimuli we encounter every day, let’s apply these principles to how we perceive other people and their behaviors. In this section, we will address how we form impressions of othe... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.881001 | 2021-07-29T21:18:14 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perce... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perception_of_Others/3.03%3A_Perception-_(Co)Culture_and_Personality | 3.3: Perception- (Co)Culture and Personality
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Our co-cultural identities and our personalities affect our perceptions. Sometimes we are conscious of these effects and sometimes we are not. In either case, we have a tendency to favor others who exhibit cultural or personality traits that ma... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:32.945287 | 2021-07-29T21:18:15 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perce... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perception_of_Others/3.04%3A_Communication_Competence | 3.4: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will cover the skill of perception checking, address contextual nuances that influence perception(s), and discuss the need for self-reflecting on our own perceptions.
Effective Communication: Perception Checking
The skill of perception che... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.012909 | 2021-07-29T21:18:16 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/03%3A_The_Perception_Process_and_Perce... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self | How does self-perception and identity shape communication, and vice-versa?
Why is an understanding of identity and self-perception important for interpersonal communication competence?
Successful students will be able to:
explain three types of identities
recognize six principles of identity
describe how self-concept, ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.102526 | 2021-07-29T21:18:16 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self"... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/4.01%3A_Types_of_Identities | 4.1: Types of Identities
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Three related but distinct components of our self-perception are our personal and social identities (Spreckels, J. & Kotthoff, H., 2009), and our co-cultural identities. In this section, we will discuss personal, social, and co-cultural identities.
Personal and So... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.172262 | 2021-07-29T21:18:18 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/4.02%3A_Principles_of_Identity | 4.2: Principles of Identity
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In this section, we will address the six principles of identity: how identities are plural, dynamic, have different and changing meanings, are contextual and intersectional, negotiated, and can be privileged, marginalized, silenc... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.244868 | 2021-07-29T21:18:18 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/4.03%3A_Self-Perception | 4.3: Self-Perception
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Now that we have an understanding of identity, we will explore the concept of self-perception and the various factors that create our understanding of ourselves. Specifically, in this section, we will explain how self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy shape our ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.308041 | 2021-07-29T21:18:19 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/4.04%3A__Influences_on_Self-Perception | 4.4: Influences on Self-Perception
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Recall from our earlier discussion of self-concept that we develop a sense of who we are based on what is reflected back on us from other people. While interactions we have with individuals and groups are definitely important to consider, we must also no... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.365539 | 2021-07-29T21:18:20 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/4.05%3A_Self-Perception_Identity_and_Communication | 4.5: Self-Perception, Identity, and Communication
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In this section, we will discuss how our identity influences communication with ourselves and other people, and, in turn, how others communicate with us.
A simple way to think of identity is that it is compr... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.433236 | 2021-07-29T21:18:22 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/4.06%3A_Communication_Competence | 4.6: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will discuss self-presentation, ways in which identities are contextual, and the importance of reflecting on your self-concept.
Effective Communication: Self-Presentation
Consciously and competently engaging in self-presentation can have b... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.493912 | 2021-07-29T21:18:22 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/04%3A_Identity_and_Perception_of_Self/... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/05%3A_Verbal_Communication | “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words can never hurt me.” Most of us have heard these lyrics from the old children’s rhyme, yet assertions such as these are problematic because names and words have tremendous influence on our lives. Words are not just used to communicate content- but feelings, attitudes, jud... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.580635 | 2021-07-29T21:18:23 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/05%3A_Verbal_Communication/5.01%3A_Defining_Verbal_Communication | 5.1: Defining Verbal Communication
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Simply put, verbal communication consists of messages that are sent using words, both written and spoken. Nonverbal communication refers to communication that occurs through means other than words, such as body language, g... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.646359 | 2021-07-29T21:18:24 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/05%3A_Verbal_Communication/5.02%3A_Characteristics_of_Verbal_Communication | 5.2: Characteristics of Verbal Communication
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In order to understand how we use verbal communication to create shared meaning in interactions, we first must become familiar with its characteristics. In this section, we will discuss how verbal messages are made of up of a system of symbols,... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.709606 | 2021-07-29T21:18:25 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/05%3A_Verbal_Communication/5.03%3A_Functions_of_Verbal_Communication | 5.3: Functions of Verbal Communication
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Since our existence is intimately tied to the communication we use, in this section we will address how verbal communication serves many functions in our daily lives. Specifically, we use verbal communication to define... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.777847 | 2021-07-29T21:18:26 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/05%3A_Verbal_Communication/5.04%3A_Communication_Competence | 5.4: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will cover techniques for sending more effective verbal messages, address contextual nuances surrounding the meaning of verbal messages, and discuss the importance of reflecting on our own verbal messages.
Effective Communication: Improvin... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.850209 | 2021-07-29T21:18:27 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/06%3A_Nonverbal_Communication | Scholars suggest that up to 60-90% of the meaning we get from communicative interactions comes to us nonverbally (DeVito, 2014; Verderber, MacGeorge, & Verderber, 2016). Whether it’s facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, vocal characteristics, or clothing, we use nonverbal communication to send messages to others,... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:33.940000 | 2021-07-29T21:18:28 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/06%3A_Nonverbal_Communication/6.01%3A_Defining_Nonverbal_Communication | 6.1: Defining Nonverbal Communication
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In this section, we will define what nonverbal communication is.
Nonverbal communication consists of meaning that is conveyed through behaviors, sounds, spatial use, and artifacts such as clothing and accessories. While... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.079970 | 2021-07-29T21:18:29 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/06%3A_Nonverbal_Communication/6.02%3A_Functions_of_Nonverbal_Communication | 6.2: Functions of Nonverbal Communication
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In this section, we will address six important functions that our nonverbal communication serves in interactions: we use it to convey meaning and provide information, regulate interactions, express our identities, i... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.157927 | 2021-07-29T21:18:30 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/06%3A_Nonverbal_Communication/6.03%3A_Types_of_Nonverbal_Communication | 6.3: Types of Nonverbal Communication
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As you’ll recall from chapter one, a channel is the means through which the message is sent from one communicator to the other. The channels used for communication coincide with our senses of sound, sight, smell, taste, and touch. While verbal message... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.234585 | 2021-07-29T21:18:30 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/06%3A_Nonverbal_Communication/6.04%3A_Principles_of_Nonverbal_Communication | 6.4: Principles of Nonverbal Communication
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In this section, we will address the five principles of nonverbal communication: our nonverbal communication is continuous, multichanneled, conscious/intentional and unconscious/unintentional, ambiguous, and can oc... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.306297 | 2021-07-29T21:18:31 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/06%3A_Nonverbal_Communication/6.05%3A_Communication_Competence | 6.5: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will cover techniques for sending more effective nonverbal messages, address cultural and co-cultural nuances surrounding nonverbal symbols, and discuss the importance of nonverbal behaviors in our relations... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.390047 | 2021-07-29T21:18:32 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/07%3A_Listening | In this section, we will explain the importance of listening.
The Importance of Listening
If you were to break up the various types of communication you use throughout your day, listening would make up about 42 – 60 percent. Problematically, many people engage in passive versus active listening, which can cause miscomm... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.476564 | 2021-07-29T21:18:33 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/07%3A_Listening/7.01%3A_The_Importance_of_Listening | 7.1: The Importance of Listening
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Listening is the learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages. We begin to engage in the listening process from infancy, long before we engage in any reco... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.541385 | 2021-07-29T21:18:34 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/07%3A_Listening/7.02%3A_The_Stages_of_the_Listening_Process | 7.2: The Stages of the Listening Process
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Listening is a process and as such it doesn’t unfold in a linear, step-by-step fashion with a defined start and finish. Listening in action is a fast, complex process, with many overlapping components. However, in or... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.623011 | 2021-07-29T21:18:35 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/07%3A_Listening/7.03%3A_Listening_Styles | 7.3: Listening Styles
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Research finds that 40 percent of people have more than one preferred listening style, and that they choose a style based on the listening situation (Bodie & Villaume, 2003). Other research finds that people often still revert back to ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.693591 | 2021-07-29T21:18:36 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/07%3A_Listening/7.04%3A_Barriers_to_Listening | 7.4: Barriers to Listening
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Barriers to effective listening are present at every stage of the listening process (Hargie, 2011). In this section, we will explore how environmental and physical factors, cognitive and personal factors, prejudices, and bad listening practices present barriers ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.760906 | 2021-07-29T21:18:37 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/07%3A_Listening/7.05%3A_Communication_Competence | 7.5: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will cover techniques for better listening, address cultural and co-co-cultural influences on our listening, and discuss the importance of listening in our relationships.
Effective Communication: Paraphrasing
One way to help you become a m... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.833764 | 2021-07-29T21:18:38 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/08%3A_Interpersonal_Relationships | 8: Interpersonal Relationships
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The English Poet, John Donne, once stated “No man is an island (Donne, 1964),” which is an apt statement when applied to communication, as interacting with others is an important (and inevitable) part of our existence. In our lives, we will be a part of ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.910546 | 2021-07-29T21:18:38 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/08%3A_Interpersonal_Relationships/8.01%3A_Definition_and_Characteristics_of_Relationships | 8.1: Definition and Characteristics of Relationships
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In this section, we will define what a relationship is and describe three important characteristics.
(Image: © Cathy Thorne/ www.everydaypeoplecartoons.com ; printed with permission for use in I.C.A.T.)
A... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:34.980158 | 2021-07-29T21:18:39 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/08%3A_Interpersonal_Relationships/8.02%3A_Stages_of_Relationships | 8.2: Stages of Relationships
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In intimate relationships, such as friendships and romantic relationships, communication is key, as it is through communication that we begin, develop, maintain, and dissolve relationships. In this section, we will describe four stages of intimate relationship... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.061872 | 2021-07-29T21:18:40 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/08%3A_Interpersonal_Relationships/8.02... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/08%3A_Interpersonal_Relationships/8.03%3A_Communication_Competence | 8.3: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will cover techniques for managing relational dialectics, address contextual nuances surrounding self-disclosure, and discuss the importance of reflecting on how technology impacts others and our relationships
Effective Communication: Mana... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.131763 | 2021-07-29T21:18:41 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/09%3A_Emotions | 9: Emotions
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Have you ever been at a movie and let out a bellowing laugh and snort only to realize no one else is laughing? Have you ever gotten uncomfortable when someone cries in class or in a public place? Emotions are clearly personal because they often ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.205886 | 2021-07-29T21:18:42 | {
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"url": "https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/09%3A_Emotions",
"book_url": "https:... |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/09%3A_Emotions/9.01%3A_Communication_Competence | 9.1: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will cover techniques for understanding, expressing, and validating emotions, address contextual nuances surrounding emotional expression, and discuss ways in which our emotional expressions affect us and our relationships with others.
Eff... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.293080 | 2021-07-29T21:18:45 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/09%3A_Emotions/9.02%3A_Defining_Emotions | 9.2: Defining Emotions
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In this section, we will define emotions and explain the difference between two different types of emotions: primary and secondary.
Emotions are physiological, behavioral, and/or communicative reactions to stimuli that are cognitively... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.454426 | 2021-07-29T21:18:43 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/09%3A_Emotions/9.03%3A_Perspective_on_Emotions | 9.3: Perspective on Emotions
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In this section, we will discuss the evolutionary function of emotions and how they are affected by social and cultural norms.
Perspectives on Emotions
How did you learn to express your emotions? Like many aspects of communication and interaction, you likely n... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.513228 | 2021-07-29T21:18:44 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/10%3A_Communication_Climate | 10: Communication Climate
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Do you feel organized or chaotic in a small workspace? Are you more productive when the sun is shining than when it’s gray and cloudy outside? Just as factors like physical space and the weather impact us, communication climate can... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.587078 | 2021-07-29T21:18:46 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/10%3A_Communication_Climate/10.01%3A_Defining_Communication_Climate | 10.1: Defining Communication Climate
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In this section, we will define what communication climate is.
Communication climate is the “overall feeling or emotional mood between people” (Wood, 2018). For example, you may prefer hanging out with one of your friend... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.652710 | 2021-07-29T21:18:47 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/10%3A_Communication_Climate/10.02%3A_Principles_of_Communication_Climate | 10.2: Principles of Communication Climate
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In this section we will discuss the five principles of communication climate: messages contain relational subtexts that can be felt; climate is conveyed through words, action, and non-action; climate is perceived; climate is determined by social a... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.715904 | 2021-07-29T21:18:48 | {
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In this section, we will examine two frameworks for understanding and identifying relational messages that contribute to communication climate: confirming versus disconfirming messages and supportiv... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.787025 | 2021-07-29T21:18:48 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/10%3A_Communication_Climate/10.04%3A_Communication_Competence | 10.4: Communication Competence
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In this section, we will cover cognitive and behavioral skills to help us more effectively create the communication climate we want to experience, contextual nuances in interpersonal needs, and discuss the importance mindfulness and awareness.
Effective Comm... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.857174 | 2021-07-29T21:18:49 | {
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https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Interpersonal_Communication/I.C.A.T_Interpersonal_Communication_Abridged_Textbook_(Gerber_and_Murphy)/11%3A_Interpersonal_Conflict | 11: Interpersonal Conflict
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Which of your relationships contain the most conflict right now? Your answer to this question probably depends on the various contexts in your life. If you live with family, you may have daily conflicts as you try to balance your ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.932259 | 2021-07-29T21:18:50 | {
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In this section, we will define interpersonal conflict and explain the importance of managing it constructively.
Conflict occurs due to real or perceived incompatible goals, scarce resources, or opposing viewpoints. It can be ex... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:35.997534 | 2021-07-29T21:18:51 | {
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Would you describe yourself as someone who prefers to avoid conflict? Do you like to get your way? Are you good at working with someone to reach a solution that is mutually beneficial? Odds are that you have been in situations where you could answer yes to... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:36.066796 | 2021-07-29T21:18:52 | {
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In this section, we will cover techniques for approaching and responding to conflict, address cultural nuances surrounding conflict approaches, and reflect on some common conflict triggers.
Effective Communication: Approaching and Responding to Conflict and ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:36.145461 | 2021-07-29T21:18:53 | {
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What comes to mind when you think of power? Is having power over others a good or a bad thing? What about others having power over you? Like most people, your answer is likely influenced by the amount of power you personally perc... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:36.222777 | 2021-07-29T21:18:54 | {
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In this section, we will explain what power is.
Power is the capacity of an individual, group, or social structure to direct, influence, or control the behaviors, thoughts, and/or feelings of others. The use of power can involve ideolog... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:36.286300 | 2021-07-29T21:18:55 | {
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In this section, we address five principles of power: power is a both a perception and fact, is relative and contextual, is influenced by dependence and investment, is prerogative, and generates privilege.
Power is a perception in ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:36.356597 | 2021-07-29T21:18:56 | {
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In this section, we will discuss six types of power individuals possess and ways messages can be used to influence the thoughts, behaviors, and actions of others through the use of persuasive tactics.
Individual Power
Individuals possess six types of ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:36.422833 | 2021-07-29T21:18:57 | {
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In this section, we will address techniques you can use to communicate your opinions, rights, expectations and boundaries. We will also look at the relationship between culture, co-culture, and power, and at some ways in which power is often misused in intim... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:36.492822 | 2021-07-29T21:18:58 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/03%3A_Group_Membership/3.07%3A_Individual_and_Cultural_Differences | 3.7: Individual and Cultural Differences
After reading this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
- How do managers and organizations appropriately select individuals for particular jobs?
- How do people with different abilities, skills, and personalities build effective work teams?
- How do managers a... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:38.805777 | 2024-09-04T21:51:03 | {
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How do people with different abilities, skills, and personalities build effective work teams?
We begin with a look at employee abilities and skills . Abilities and skills generally represent those physical and intellectual characteristics that are relatively stable over time and that ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:38.872016 | 2024-09-04T21:45:55 | {
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How do managers and employees deal effectively with individual differences in the workplace?
The second individual difference variable deals with the concept of personality. We often hear people use and misuse the term personality . For example, we hear that someone has a “nice” perso... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:38.935434 | 2024-09-04T21:45:56 | {
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How can organizations foster a work environment that allows employees an opportunity to develop and grow?
Personality theories that utilize the trait approach have proven popular among investigators of employee behavior in organizations. There are several reasons for this. To begin w... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.006180 | 2024-09-04T21:45:58 | {
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How do managers know how to get the best from each employee?
Most theories of personality stress that an individual’s personality becomes complete only when the individual interacts with other people; growth and development do not occur in a vacuum. Human personalit... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.073355 | 2024-09-04T21:45:59 | {
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What is the role of ethical behavior in managerial actions?
A factor that has surprised many business leaders is the alarming rise in accusations of unethical or disreputable behavior in today’s companies. We hear with increasing regularity of stock market manipulations, disregard of en... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.142693 | 2024-09-04T21:46:00 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/03%3A_Group_Membership/3.13%3A_Cultural_Differences | 3.13: Cultural Differences
How do you manage and do business with people from different cultures?
The final topic we will discuss in this chapter is the role of culture and cultural diversity in organizational behavior. Cultural diversity can be analyzed in many ways. For instance, we can compare cultural diversity wit... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.209959 | 2024-09-04T21:46:01 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/03%3A_Group_Membership/3.14%3A_Glossary | 3.14: Glossary
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- Michael Brown
- Northeast Wisconsin Technical College
Authoritarianism Refers to an individual’s orientation toward authority.
Basic incongruity thesis Consists of three parts: what individuals want from organizations, what organizations want from individuals, and how the... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.271475 | 2024-09-04T21:46:01 | {
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What Is Your Locus of Control?
Instructions: This instrument lists several pairs of statements concerning the possible causes of behavior. For each pair, select the letter ( A or B ) that better describes your own beliefs. Remember: there are no right or wrong answers. To v... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.414945 | 2024-09-04T21:46:03 | {
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Exercise 1
You work for a large multinational corporation with offices around the globe. One of your colleagues has been offered an assignment overseas to either the Japanese, South Korean, or German offices for a long- term assignment (three to seven years). She has asked your advic... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.473262 | 2024-09-04T21:46:03 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/03%3A_Group_Membership/3.17%3A_Critical_Thinking_Case | 3.17: Critical Thinking Case
Making a Diverse Workplace the Top Priority
Johnson & Johnson is a leader in multinational medical devices as well as pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods. Founded in 1886, the company has been through generations of cultural differences and is consistently listed among the Fortune 50... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.532140 | 2024-09-04T21:46:05 | {
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Exploring Managerial Careers
Building Back Trust on the Back End
One institution that has been around for generations is banking. However, many individuals have lost faith in the banking system, and who’s to blame them? Big banks have let the general consume... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:39.591064 | 2024-09-04T21:45:53 | {
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Exploring Managerial Careers
Bridget Anderson
Bridget Anderson thought life would be perfect out in the “real world.” After earning her degree in computer science, she landed a well-paying job as a programmer for a large nonprofit organization whose mission she strongly believed... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:40.980144 | 2024-09-04T21:46:54 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/07%3A_Group_Motivation/7.09%3A_Content_Theories_of_Motivation | 7.9: Content Theories of Motivation
Describe a content theory of motivation.
The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. A need is a human condition that becomes “energized” when people feel deficient in some ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.087491 | 2024-09-04T21:46:55 | {
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Describe the process theories of motivation, and compare and contrast the main process theories of motivation: operant conditioning theory, equity theory, goal theory, and expectancy theory.
Process theories of motivation try to explain why behaviors are initiated. These theories fo... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.212101 | 2024-09-04T21:46:56 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/07%3A_Group_Motivation/7.11%3A_Recent_Research_on_Motivation_Theories | 7.11: Recent Research on Motivation Theories
Describe the modern advancements in the study of human motivation.
Employee motivation continues to be a major focus in organizational behavior. 35 We briefly summarize current motivation research here.
Content Theories
There is some interest in testing content theories (inc... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.283002 | 2024-09-04T21:46:56 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/07%3A_Group_Motivation/7.12%3A_Glossary | 7.12: Glossary
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- Last updated
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- Michael Brown
- Northeast Wisconsin Technical College
ability The knowledge, skills, and receptiveness to learning that an individual brings to a task or job.
content motivation theories Theories that focus on what motivates people.
direction What a person is motivated to... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.351478 | 2024-09-04T21:46:58 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/07%3A_Group_Motivation/7.17%3A_Work_Motivation_for_Performance | 7.17: Work Motivation for Performance
After reading this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
- Define motivation, and distinguish the direction and intensity of motivation.
- Describe a content theory of motivation, and compare and contrast the main content theories of motivation: manifest needs theo... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.523739 | 2024-09-04T21:55:19 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/08%3A_Group_Conflict | 8: Group Conflict Last updated Save as PDF Page ID 118213 Michael Brown Northeast Wisconsin Technical College 8.1: Chapter Introduction 8.2: Conflict in Organizations - Basic Considerations 8.3: Causes of Conflict in Organizations 8.4: Resolving Conflict in Organizations 8.5: Negotiation Behavior 8.6: Chapter Introduct... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.724703 | 2024-09-04T21:47:29 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/08%3A_Group_Conflict/8.01%3A_Chapter_Introduction | 8.1: Chapter Introduction
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer these questions:
- How does conflict arise in organizations?
- How do you recognize and respond to cultural differences in negotiation and bargaining strategies?
Exploring Managerial Careers
Conflict at Google
Over the ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.785390 | 2024-09-04T21:47:30 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/08%3A_Group_Conflict/8.02%3A_Conflict_in_Organizations_-_Basic_Considerations | 8.2: Conflict in Organizations - Basic Considerations
How do you recognize and resolve short- and long-term conflicts among group members and among groups?
By any standard of comparison, conflict in organizations represents an important topic for managers. Just how important it is can be seen in the results of a study ... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.857398 | 2024-09-04T21:47:31 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/08%3A_Group_Conflict/8.03%3A_Causes_of_Conflict_in_Organizations | 8.3: Causes of Conflict in Organizations
How does conflict arise in organizations?
Here we will examine two aspects of the conflict process. First, several factors that have been found to contribute to conflict will be identified. After this, a model of conflict processes in organizations will be reviewed.
Why Organiza... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:41.933527 | 2024-09-04T21:47:32 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/08%3A_Group_Conflict/8.04%3A_Resolving_Conflict_in_Organizations | 8.4: Resolving Conflict in Organizations
When and how do you negotiate, and how do you achieve a mutually advantageous agreement?
We have discovered that conflict is pervasive throughout organizations and that some conflict can be good for organizations. People often grow and learn from conflict, as long as the conflic... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:42.005689 | 2024-09-04T21:47:33 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/08%3A_Group_Conflict/8.05%3A_Negotiation_Behavior | 8.5: Negotiation Behavior
How do you recognize and respond to cultural differences in negotiation and bargaining strategies?
We have seen the central role conflict plays in organizational processes. Clearly, there are some areas where managers would prefer to solve a problem between two parties before it results in hig... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:42.120329 | 2024-09-04T21:47:34 | {
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https://biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Team_Building_and_Problem_Solving_(NWTC)/08%3A_Group_Conflict/8.16%3A_Glossary | 8.16: Glossary
Key Terms:
Administrative orbiting An ineffective strategy for resolving conflict.
Affective conflict Seen in situations where two individuals simply don’t get along with each other.
BATNA An acronym popularised by Roger Fisher and William Ury which stands for ‘Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement’... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:42.585270 | 2024-09-04T21:47:35 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction | 1: Introduction Last updated Save as PDF Page ID 16471 Lapum et al. Ryerson University (Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing) via Ryerson University Library 1.1: Chapter 1 Learning Objectives 1.2: Purpose and Audience of this Book 1.3: Introduction to Scholarly Writing 1.4: Relevance of Scholarly Writing to the Nursing Pr... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.379447 | 2019-11-19T04:49:28 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction/1.01%3A_Chapter_1_Learning_Objectives | 1.1: Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
- Define scholarly writing.
- Identify the relevance of scholarly writing to nursing.
- Identify post-secondary writing expectations.
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By the end of this chapter, you will be... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.444517 | 2019-11-19T04:49:32 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction/1.02%3A_Purpose_and_Audience_of_this_Book | 1.2: Purpose and Audience of this Book
The purpose of this textbook is to facilitate your capacity for scholarly writing. No one is born a good writer: writing is a journey that takes skill and practice. Part of this journey involves learning to read and understand scholarly writing, becoming information literate, unde... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.504039 | 2019-11-19T04:49:32 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction/1.03%3A_Introduction_to_Scholarly_Writing | 1.3: Introduction to Scholarly Writing
When you first enter university, you may be unfamiliar with scholarly writing. This genre of writing is associated with post-secondary education and many academic fields including nursing. When learning to write in a scholarly way, it is important to consider both the content of y... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.561767 | 2019-11-19T04:49:32 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction/1.04%3A_Relevance_of_Scholarly_Writing_to_the_Nursing_Profession | 1.4: Relevance of Scholarly Writing to the Nursing Profession
Scholarly writing is a form of communication and a necessary skill that is important to the nurse’s role as a clinician, professional, a leader, a scholar, an educator, and an advocate. As a student, developing skills in scholarly writing will help prepare y... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.619854 | 2019-11-19T04:49:34 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction/1.05%3A_Post-secondary_Expectations | 1.5: Post-secondary Expectations
In the post-secondary nursing environment, academic expectations differ from what you may have experienced in high school, see Table 1.1 . You are expected to do more work, and managing your workload may be challenging. This book teaches you strategies for managing your time while readi... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.682281 | 2019-11-19T04:49:35 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction/1.06%3A_Chapter_Summary | 1.6: Chapter Summary
This chapter has provided a brief introduction to scholarly writing and its importance to the nursing profession. You will recognize that becoming a scholarly writer is a journey that evolves over the course of your post-secondary nursing program and your career as a nurse. You may be at the beginn... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.738505 | 2019-11-19T04:49:35 | {
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https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/02%3A_Reading_and_Comprehension | 2: Reading and Comprehension Last updated Save as PDF Page ID 16472 Lapum et al. Ryerson University (Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing) via Ryerson University Library 2.1: Notetaking 2.2: Annotating 2.3: Dialectic Notetaking 2.4: Reading Critically 2.5: Critiquing a Text 2.6: Reflecting and Summarizing 2.7: Troubleshoo... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.832835 | 2019-11-19T04:49:28 | {
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"book_url": "https://commons.libretexts.org/book/med-... |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/02%3A_Reading_and_Comprehension/2.01%3A_Notetaking | 2.1: Notetaking
The objective of notetaking is to help you enter a discussion with the text, make sense of the reading, and think about how it applies to your nursing practice. You can take notes in many ways when reading, such as annotating and dialectic notetaking—detailed on the next pages.
These two methods of note... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.887953 | 2019-11-19T04:49:42 | {
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"book_url": "https://commons.libre... |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/02%3A_Reading_and_Comprehension/2.02%3A_Annotating | 2.2: Annotating
Annotating involves physically adding notes to the text that you are reading. As a nursing student, you are expected to read all sorts of unfamiliar texts detailing thought-provoking, upsetting, interesting, and important information that will influence how you think and how you practice as a nurse. The... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:51.951740 | 2019-11-19T04:49:43 | {
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"url": "https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/02%3A_Reading_and_Comprehension/2.02%3A_Annotating",
"book_url": "https://commons.libre... |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/The_Scholarship_of_Writing_in_Nursing_Education_(Lapum_et_al.)/02%3A_Reading_and_Comprehension/2.03%3A_Dialectic_Notetaking | A dialectical approach to taking notes sounds much more complicated than it is.
Dialectic just means a dialogue
—a discussion between two (or more) voices trying to figure something out. Whenever you read new material, particularly material that is challenging in some way, it can be helpful to take dialectic notes to c... | libretexts | 2025-03-17T19:52:52.023121 | 2019-11-19T04:49:43 | {
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