paper_id stringlengths 2 9 | section_index int64 0 331 | file_index stringlengths 1 2 | file_offset int64 8.37k 6.95B | mag_field_of_study list | original_text stringlengths 95 4.82k | section_title stringlengths 6 27 | samples list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
55555750 | 3 | 68 | 3,843,954,950 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Simplified models using springs and dashpots in various combinations have been built. Attempts have been made to include non-linearities due to hysteresis and backlash, which lead to a set of non-linear differential equations requiring numerical solution [5] . Hence these models have limited use in total vehicle CAE st... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Simplified models using springs and dashpots in various combinations have been built.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Simplified models using springs and dashpots in various combinations have been built.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "A... |
55555750 | 5 | 68 | 3,843,954,950 | [
"Materials Science"
] | A nonparametric model based on a restoring force surface mapping has been developed [7] [8] [9] [10] . The model considers the force to be a function of displacement and velocity. Although, this model is limited to single frequency excitation, it serves as a useful tool for identifying the non-linearities in the system... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "A nonparametric model based on a restoring force surface mapping has been developed.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "A nonparametric model based on a restoring force surface mapping has been developed [7] [8] [9] [10] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF6",
"BIBRE... |
55555750 | 4 | 68 | 3,843,954,950 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The parametric modeling approach involving development of an input/output relation of the shock absorber based on experimental data is ideal for CAE simulations. In this approach, a shock absorber is characterized by a "black-box" system for a specific range of test conditions. The shock absorber is subjected to a know... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "The parametric modeling approach involving development of an input/output relation of the shock absorber based on experimental data is ideal for CAE simulations.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The parametric modeling approach involving development of an input/output relation... |
146309560 | 1 | 81 | 2,657,271,469 | [
"Psychology"
] | Given the importance that student faculty evaluations can have on a faculty member"s promotion and tenure, as well as to our understanding of teaching effectiveness, it is essential that we understand how these biases can impact their construct validity. In line with this need, extensive research has been done conducte... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Given the importance that student faculty evaluations can have on a faculty member\"s promotion and tenure, as well as to our understanding of teaching effectiveness, it is essential that we understand how these biases can impact their construct validity.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"origi... |
146309560 | 2 | 81 | 2,657,271,469 | [
"Psychology"
] | These faculty rating sites include RateMyProfessor.com, PassCollege.com, ProfessorPerformance.com, RatingsOnline.com, and Reviewum.com (Stone, 2003; Foster, 2003) . One may argue that these sites, since they are not part of the formal faculty evaluation process, can be ignored. However, this argument loses strength whe... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "These faculty rating sites include RateMyProfessor.com, PassCollege.com, ProfessorPerformance.com, RatingsOnline.com, and Reviewum.com.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "These faculty rating sites include RateMyProfessor.com, PassCollege.com, ProfessorPerformance.com, RatingsOnline... |
124186542 | 7 | 62 | 4,135,652,106 | [
"Physics"
] | In short, there are a number of lines of circumstantial evidence to suggest that Mars did once have some form of surface tectonics, or tectonic episodes. However most previous modelling of martian tectonics has focused on stagnant-lid convection. The aim of this paper is to constrain the physical plausibility of tecton... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In short, there are a number of lines of circumstantial evidence to suggest that Mars did once have some form of surface tectonics, or tectonic episodes.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "In short, there are a number of lines of circumstantial evidence to suggest that Mars did ... |
23683719 | 23 | 34 | 5,120,077,631 | [
"Medicine"
] | Life expectancy after qualified surgery increases even in the oldest old patients because inadequate treatment is associated with poor survival [11] . Thus, surgical resection should not be denied of the elderly, because despite of higher postoperative mortality, favorable long-term outcome can be achieved by surgical ... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Life expectancy after qualified surgery increases even in the oldest old patients because inadequate treatment is associated with poor survival.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Life expectancy after qualified surgery increases even in the oldest old patients because inadequate tr... |
121962142 | 1 | 42 | 1,008,909,625 | [
"Mathematics"
] | The thermal difference between the settlement centers and their less built-up environment is called UHI intensity. Potential maximal UHI intensities are determined by morphology (size, structure, and surface geometry) of settlements, whereas actual intensities at a given time are formed by dynamic meteorological factor... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The thermal difference between the settlement centers and their less built-up environment is called UHI intensity.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The thermal difference between the settlement centers and their less built-up environment is called UHI intensity.",
"ref_ids... |
97398012 | 0 | 88 | 851,615,628 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Nitrones are used as useful reagents or intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of nitrogen-containing compounds which find application as agro-chemicals and/or pharmaceuticals [1] . Generally, nitrones easily undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with a large variety of substituted alkenes including both ele... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Nitrones are used as useful reagents or intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of nitrogen-containing compounds which find application as agro-chemicals and/or pharmaceuticals.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Nitrones are used as useful reagents or intermediates in the synth... |
97398012 | 1 | 88 | 851,615,628 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Recently, we have designed a new strategy aiming at the synthesis of pharmacologically interesting heterocyclic systems using solar energy as eco-friendly energy source [12] [13] [14] . In continuation of this work, we report herein the behaviour of some acetonitrile derivatives towards differently substituted open-cha... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Recently, we have designed a new strategy aiming at the synthesis of pharmacologically interesting heterocyclic systems using solar energy as eco-friendly energy source.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Recently, we have designed a new strategy aiming at the synthesis of pharmacol... |
97398012 | 3 | 88 | 851,615,628 | [
"Chemistry"
] | The generality of the method is demonstrated by using different C-aryl (or hetaryl)-N-phenylnitrones. Thus, reaction of 1b with 2b-h under the same reaction conditions gave the corresponding 3-aryl-2-cyanothio-acrylamides 5b-h. Their structures were confirmed by comparison of their physical properties (mp, mixed mp, IR... | Results and Discussion | [
{
"text": "The generality of the method is demonstrated by using different C-aryl (or hetaryl)-N-phenylnitrones.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The generality of the method is demonstrated by using different C-aryl (or hetaryl)-N-phenylnitrones.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_tex... |
196650907 | 1 | 49 | 5,528,350,341 | [
"Biology"
] | Typically, cargo, like proteins, vesicles, and other organelles, emerges in one region of the cell, but is needed in some other area or has to fuse with a mobile reaction partner. In the absence of a direct connection between searcher and target, the transport is a stochastic process with random alternations between ba... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Typically, cargo, like proteins, vesicles, and other organelles, emerges in one region of the cell, but is needed in some other area or has to fuse with a mobile reaction partner.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Typically, cargo, like proteins, vesicles, and other organelles,... |
55027790 | 26 | 74 | 1,481,408,705 | [
"Biology"
] | Species belonging to the order Rhizobiales (class Alphaproteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria) were found in the present analysis, such as Mesorhizobium and Bartonella in D. lucida, Pseudochrobactrum and Agrobacterium in O. bauri and Bartonella in P. striata. Rhizobiales includes known nitrogenfixing species. The presen... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Species belonging to the order Rhizobiales (class Alphaproteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria) were found in the present analysis, such as Mesorhizobium and Bartonella in D. lucida, Pseudochrobactrum and Agrobacterium in O. bauri and Bartonella in P. striata.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"or... |
14120158 | 1 | 32 | 5,535,422,205 | [
"Medicine"
] | BP is characterized by the presence of antibodies primarily targeting two structural hemidesmosomal proteins: BP180 and BP230. BP180 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of about 1500 amino acids which plays an important role in mediating anchorage between the cell surface at the site of the hemidesmosome. The extracellular... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "BP is characterized by the presence of antibodies primarily targeting two structural hemidesmosomal proteins: BP180 and BP230.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "BP is characterized by the presence of antibodies primarily targeting two structural hemidesmosomal proteins: BP180 a... |
54085840 | 0 | 23 | 1,073,086,531 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The large-scale inter-regional migration has been one of the most profound changes in China due to the economic transition in late 1970s and relaxation of migration control during 1950s [1] . According to China's 2005 1% Sample Survey data, there were more than 147 million migrants, of which 47.79 million are interprov... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The large-scale inter-regional migration has been one of the most profound changes in China due to the economic transition in late 1970s and relaxation of migration control during 1950s.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The large-scale inter-regional migration has been one of the ... |
54085840 | 21 | 23 | 1,073,086,531 | [
"Materials Science"
] | This study explores the importance of various factors that can influence the individual migration decision-making process, which provides a promising way to build agent-based models such as CA for wide applications in various interdisciplinary research areas [15] [16] [17] . Our results show that different factors have... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "This study explores the importance of various factors that can influence the individual migration decision-making process, which provides a promising way to build agent-based models such as CA for wide applications in various interdisciplinary research areas.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"origi... |
126299420 | 0 | 93 | 5,214,696,911 | [
"Physics"
] | Fiber-optical networks provide tremendous advantages in terms of transmission bandwidth and propagation loss compared with their electrical predecessors. As a result, optical data transmission systems are increasingly replacing their electrical counterparts. This superiority extends down to the chip-scale, which has mo... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Fiber-optical networks provide tremendous advantages in terms of transmission bandwidth and propagation loss compared with their electrical predecessors.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Fiber-optical networks provide tremendous advantages in terms of transmission bandwidth an... |
55225245 | 20 | 27 | 4,588,189,222 | [
"Biology"
] | The essential oils of fennel, lemon and most other plants are environmentally non-persistent pesticides, as they readily volatilize from plants and other surfaces. Some essential oils are nontoxic to non-target organisms and can be used in IPM (Miresmailii et al., 2006) . They have a broad spectrum of bioactivity that ... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "The essential oils of fennel, lemon and most other plants are environmentally non-persistent pesticides, as they readily volatilize from plants and other surfaces.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The essential oils of fennel, lemon and most other plants are environmentally no... |
59382799 | 1 | 78 | 3,878,316,701 | [
"Economics"
] | Moreover, this study revealed the impact of economic fluctuations of a specific country on other neighboring economies. If expansion or recession in one economy is transmitted to another, they experience similar economic fluctuations [12] . This implies the need for a mutual policy to enhance economic benefits and avoi... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Moreover, this study revealed the impact of economic fluctuations of a specific country on other neighboring economies.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Moreover, this study revealed the impact of economic fluctuations of a specific country on other neighboring economies.",
... |
121280525 | 0 | 4 | 245,508,652 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Mathematical modelling is of considerable importance in the study of epidemiology because it may provide understanding of the underlying mechanisms which influence the spread of disease and may suggest control strategies. The first known mathematical model of epidemiology is formulated and solved by Daniel Bernoulli in... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Mathematical modelling is of considerable importance in the study of epidemiology because it may provide understanding of the underlying mechanisms which influence the spread of disease and may suggest control strategies.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Mathematical modelling... |
52219429 | 2 | 40 | 232,138,884 | [
"Economics"
] | The main aim of this research is to perform the evaluation of the judicial conflict-resolution process's impact on investment with estimation of time and decision cycles. More specifically, the authors develop an algorithm that allows one to extract the project's profit distribution semi-automatically. The probability ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The main aim of this research is to perform the evaluation of the judicial conflict-resolution process's impact on investment with estimation of time and decision cycles.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The main aim of this research is to perform the evaluation of the judicia... |
151861301 | 35 | 58 | 3,924,798,194 | [
"Psychology"
] | Differences in career maturity based upon gender also lacked significance. Males outscoring females on all scores except the concern sub-scale is consistent with research indicating adolescent males have higher self-esteem than females (Erol, & Orth, 2011) . This is important for youth development professionals to know... | Conclusions | [
{
"text": "Differences in career maturity based upon gender also lacked significance.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Differences in career maturity based upon gender also lacked significance.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Males outscoring female... |
151861301 | 39 | 58 | 3,924,798,194 | [
"Psychology"
] | Youth are often involved in multiple organizations beyond 4-H, some of which also strive to foster career readiness. Additionally, previous research has found that youth in 4-H learn about careers not only through participation in 4-H but also through non-4-H activities (Williams, et al., 2010) . Therefore, it may be o... | Conclusions | [
{
"text": "Youth are often involved in multiple organizations beyond 4-H, some of which also strive to foster career readiness.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Youth are often involved in multiple organizations beyond 4-H, some of which also strive to foster career readiness.",
"ref... |
13939666 | 12 | 21 | 6,084,515,243 | [
"Medicine"
] | Of the 34 stores that met our inclusion criteria, 27 recommended NHPs; a total of 33 different products were recommended (see Table 1 ). The mean cost of product per month was $58.09 (CAD) (minimum $5.28, median $32.99, maximum $600). Twenty-three employees (68%) did not ask whether the patient took prescription medica... | Results | [
{
"text": "Of the 34 stores that met our inclusion criteria, 27 recommended NHPs; a total of 33 different products were recommended (see Table 1 ).",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Of the 34 stores that met our inclusion criteria, 27 recommended NHPs; a total of 33 different products wer... |
34889517 | 2 | 24 | 948,747,867 | [
"Computer Science"
] | There are many challenges in bringing big data capabilities to the mobile environment: a) mobile devices are resource-constrained in terms of memory, processing power and energy. Since most mobile devices are battery powered, energy consumption during job execution must be minimized. Overall energy consumption depends ... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "There are many challenges in bringing big data capabilities to the mobile environment: a) mobile devices are resource-constrained in terms of memory, processing power and energy.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "There are many challenges in bringing big data capabilities to th... |
35408610 | 15 | 13 | 686,140,643 | [
"Engineering"
] | This study demonstrated the nZEB design is strictly related to the building primary system. In fact, a key role in the design and operation of ZEBs is played by the system [8] . First of all, it was found that in cost optimal diagrams the selected energy system determines the position of the "cloud" of possible design ... | Conclusions | [
{
"text": "This study demonstrated the nZEB design is strictly related to the building primary system.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "This study demonstrated the nZEB design is strictly related to the building primary system.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
... |
120157710 | 4 | 41 | 4,522,019,153 | [
"Mathematics"
] | In this paper, we consider the following model with delay between the time a cell begin to be infected and the time of emission of virus particles from this cell [9, 14] . Note that the immune response after viral infection is universal and necessary to eliminate or control the disease. Antibodies, cytokinesis, natural... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In this paper, we consider the following model with delay between the time a cell begin to be infected and the time of emission of virus particles from this cell.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "In this paper, we consider the following model with delay between the time a cell beg... |
24336405 | 11 | 38 | 3,564,125,768 | [
"Medicine"
] | The high expression levels of SLC1A5 has been reported to be closely related to poor prognosis in many cancers [24, 25, 26, 27] . Our study also demonstrated that higher expression of SLC1A5 in GC tissues was significantly correlated with worse clinicopathologic features, such as deeper local invasion, more lymph node ... | DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "The high expression levels of SLC1A5 has been reported to be closely related to poor prognosis in many cancers.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The high expression levels of SLC1A5 has been reported to be closely related to poor prognosis in many cancers [24, 25, 26, 27] .",
... |
143556983 | 19 | 26 | 4,375,661,939 | [
"Psychology"
] | In the present experiment, the pigeons were exposed to the first 8 conditions for a total of 192 sessions. Despite this extensive exposure to a choice between a larger reinforcer with a longer prereinforcer delay and a smaller reinforcer with a shorter prereinforcer delay, with forced choices of each alternative, virtu... | RESULTS | [
{
"text": "In the present experiment, the pigeons were exposed to the first 8 conditions for a total of 192 sessions.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "In the present experiment, the pigeons were exposed to the first 8 conditions for a total of 192 sessions.",
"ref_ids": null,
"ci... |
7964880 | 46 | 92 | 407,382,580 | [
"Biology"
] | Isolates of O. quercus collected from eucalypt trees in this study were found to be genetically diverse, especially in the BT sequence data, where nine haplotypes of the fungus were identified. The ITS and TEF data were more conserved. This trend has emerged in the past from numerous studies considering O. quercus (Gro... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Isolates of O. quercus collected from eucalypt trees in this study were found to be genetically diverse, especially in the BT sequence data, where nine haplotypes of the fungus were identified.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Isolates of O. quercus collected from eucalypt tre... |
2941462 | 4 | 23 | 492,888,092 | [
"Medicine"
] | Given its aggressive nature, a majority of patients with PBL are treated with chemotherapy with the most common chemotherapeutic regimen being cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) [7] . One review reports that 23% of cases were treated with more intensive regimens such as HyperCVAD, CODOX-M... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Given its aggressive nature, a majority of patients with PBL are treated with chemotherapy with the most common chemotherapeutic regimen being cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP).",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Given its aggressive nature, a majorit... |
139268404 | 1 | 51 | 1,709,481,392 | [
"Materials Science"
] | A common problem in polymer nanocomposites is related to dispersion since the small size of nanofillers makes them prone to agglomeration. The dispersion of nanofillers in a polymer matrix is therefore one of the most important parameters to regulate in order to control the final properties of the nanocomposite materia... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "A common problem in polymer nanocomposites is related to dispersion since the small size of nanofillers makes them prone to agglomeration.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "A common problem in polymer nanocomposites is related to dispersion since the small size of nanofillers m... |
55579159 | 0 | 90 | 5,250,650,458 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Upconversion luminescence (UCL) is a nonlinear, antiStokes process, whereby low-energy photons are converted to higher energy photons [1] [2] [3] . Compared to organic fluorophores and quantum dots, upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) exhibit high photochemical stability, sharp emission bandwidths, and large anti-Stokes... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Upconversion luminescence (UCL) is a nonlinear, antiStokes process, whereby low-energy photons are converted to higher energy photons.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Upconversion luminescence (UCL) is a nonlinear, antiStokes process, whereby low-energy photons are converted to h... |
62786940 | 0 | 6 | 5,413,790,265 | [
"Physics"
] | In an attempt to determine what chemical and electrochemical properties of the corroding solution are required for stress corrosion cracking, previous researchers determined the potentiostatic polarization curves for single crystals in de-aerated boiling, 55% Ca (NO 3 ) 2 , 30% NaOH, and other solutions [1] . The resul... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In an attempt to determine what chemical and electrochemical properties of the corroding solution are required for stress corrosion cracking, previous researchers determined the potentiostatic polarization curves for single crystals in de-aerated boiling, 55% Ca (NO 3 ) 2 , 30% NaOH, and other soluti... |
51886422 | 0 | 22 | 908,134,018 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Wood is decomposed by a variety of biological agents, including fungi, bacteria, and insects. Fungi colonize wood and degrade cell wall components to form brown, soft or white rot. The mycelium of lignin-degrading basidiomycetes, referred to as white rot fungi, secretes extracellular enzymes that break down lignin [1] ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Wood is decomposed by a variety of biological agents, including fungi, bacteria, and insects.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Wood is decomposed by a variety of biological agents, including fungi, bacteria, and insects.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
... |
56300693 | 48 | 5 | 2,116,917,803 | [
"Psychology"
] | The academic success associated with reported high school level or number of credits earned in mathematics was also not part of the assessment. Our research focus was exposure to course content rather than success. Level of high school mathematics and number of credits earned provide strong and defensible measures of s... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "The academic success associated with reported high school level or number of credits earned in mathematics was also not part of the assessment.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The academic success associated with reported high school level or number of credits earned in mathe... |
57817447 | 6 | 51 | 6,760,712,972 | [
"Psychology"
] | A qualitative interpretive study explored midwives' experiences of asking the Whooley questions. This method was selected because the aim of interpretative research is to attempt to understand the world from the viewpoint of the participant, as opposed to explaining their world (Green & Thorogood, 2006) . Our objective... | Method | [
{
"text": "A qualitative interpretive study explored midwives' experiences of asking the Whooley questions.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "A qualitative interpretive study explored midwives' experiences of asking the Whooley questions.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
... |
26934945 | 54 | 93 | 3,275,829,613 | [
"Computer Science"
] | One interesting extension of this article would be the separation of specific types of systems, such as van der Pol oscillators [27] . For those, fully entrained oscillators may even present a PLF < 1, and a different measure of synchrony, tailored to those oscillators, may need to be used. Such a study would fall out ... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "One interesting extension of this article would be the separation of specific types of systems, such as van der Pol oscillators.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "One interesting extension of this article would be the separation of specific types of systems, such as van der Pol osc... |
10855500 | 2 | 36 | 1,022,274,844 | [
"Physics"
] | Many scientists believe that global warming will increase the frequency and/or intensity of tropical storms due to an increase of sea surface temperature [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] . Strong storms (Category 3, 4 and 5) can destroy forests impacting their hydrologic regime. The impact of hurricanes on hydrology has been w... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Many scientists believe that global warming will increase the frequency and/or intensity of tropical storms due to an increase of sea surface temperature.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Many scientists believe that global warming will increase the frequency and/or intensity of t... |
136707854 | 0 | 77 | 3,426,557,273 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Dielectric properties of wood have an enormous application in wood science. It gives a better understanding of the molecular structures of wood and wood -water interactions. The practical application is for determining the density and moisture content by non-destructive electrical measurement. It was reported that the ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Dielectric properties of wood have an enormous application in wood science.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Dielectric properties of wood have an enormous application in wood science.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "It gives a better und... |
128355320 | 0 | 74 | 3,542,273,141 | [
"Psychology"
] | There has been a surge of interest in the role of positive thinking for enhancing resiliency and well-being. In much of the self-help literature, there has been an emphasis placed on the power of positive thinking. For example, the book The Power of Positive Thinking has sold more than 5 million copies in print (Peale ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "There has been a surge of interest in the role of positive thinking for enhancing resiliency and well-being.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "There has been a surge of interest in the role of positive thinking for enhancing resiliency and well-being.",
"ref_ids": null,
... |
154623453 | 2 | 47 | 1,878,976,396 | [
"Economics"
] | The study of the valuation of historical and cultural resources is important since society devotes much of its resources to the preservation of these goods. Of the approximately $13.6 billion in discretionary spending authority included in the 1995 Department of Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, the Na... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "The study of the valuation of historical and cultural resources is important since society devotes much of its resources to the preservation of these goods.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The study of the valuation of historical and cultural resources is important since soci... |
59138847 | 22 | 74 | 1,399,600,955 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Computational results of the modeling are presented in Figures 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Figures 1 to 8 show the 3 dimensional temperature profiles for a car travelling at an initial velocity of 25 m/s and then brakes for 2 seconds. It can be seen that the peak temperature occurs at 1.2 seconds. The h... | Results and Discussion | [
{
"text": "Computational results of the modeling are presented in Figures 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Computational results of the modeling are presented in Figures 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.",
"ref_ids": null,
"ci... |
12682317 | 2 | 96 | 5,208,739,162 | [
"Economics"
] | Roadway congestion in urban areas is stochastic since roadway traffic can be affected by many uncertain factors. For instance, unexpected traffic accidents or adverse weather conditions can cause congestion even during off-peak hours. With the advancement of information technology, a truck driver is often able to recei... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Roadway congestion in urban areas is stochastic since roadway traffic can be affected by many uncertain factors.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Roadway congestion in urban areas is stochastic since roadway traffic can be affected by many uncertain factors.",
"ref_ids": n... |
55437501 | 18 | 3 | 6,345,395,679 | [
"Chemistry"
] | No significant interaction between Zn × P for root growth indicates an individual response for each of the nutrients. The gain in root dry weight, with a quadratic tendency, did not depend on the Zn application rate (p<0.01), which contradicts what was observed for shoots. As a general trend, there was a reduction in d... | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "No significant interaction between Zn × P for root growth indicates an individual response for each of the nutrients.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "No significant interaction between Zn × P for root growth indicates an individual response for each of the nutrients.",
"r... |
55437501 | 17 | 3 | 6,345,395,679 | [
"Chemistry"
] | There was a significant response for the mean of the Zn application rates (p<0.01) and the mean of the P application rates (p<0.01), highlighting the importance of supplying these nutrients as a general response of the experiment. However, a significant interaction between Zn × P (p<0.01) was observed, indicating a dif... | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "There was a significant response for the mean of the Zn application rates (p<0.01) and the mean of the P application rates (p<0.01), highlighting the importance of supplying these nutrients as a general response of the experiment.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "There was a s... |
13782327 | 2 | 36 | 5,254,691,942 | [
"Psychology"
] | Metacognition consists of two major components: metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation. Metacognitive knowledge refers to knowledge of cognition such as knowledge of skills and strategies that work best for the learner and how and when to use such skills and strategies (Schraw and Dennison, 1994) . Metaco... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Metacognition consists of two major components: metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Metacognition consists of two major components: metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_tex... |
149873006 | 20 | 33 | 6,010,488,929 | [
"Psychology"
] | Participants were given the opportunity to add any comments on other topics at the end of the interview. Videoconference was chosen as a medium for the interviews as the musicians and researcher were geographically spread around the UK, while also providing a synchronous and personal interaction in a place convenient f... | Procedure | [
{
"text": "Participants were given the opportunity to add any comments on other topics at the end of the interview.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Participants were given the opportunity to add any comments on other topics at the end of the interview.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citati... |
115140380 | 0 | 47 | 4,632,662,269 | [
"Economics"
] | The passenger mobility in India relies heavily on its roads. Road-based passenger mobility, measured as passenger-kilometers (PKm), in India increased from 239.65 billion PKm in 1970 -71 to 6351.20 billion PKm in 2011 , an increase at the rate of 8.3% per year during last four decades. That's why, total number of regis... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The passenger mobility in India relies heavily on its roads.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The passenger mobility in India relies heavily on its roads.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Road-based passenger mobility, measured as passenge... |
14591909 | 0 | 44 | 2,809,358,024 | [
"Physics"
] | A Dp-brane in Bosonic string theory is unstable due to the presence of an open string tachyon in its spectrum. If we displace the tachyon away from the maximum it will start rolling down the potential toward the minimum, which is the closed string vacuum [1] . It is of great interest to understand the "real time" behav... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "A Dp-brane in Bosonic string theory is unstable due to the presence of an open string tachyon in its spectrum.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "A Dp-brane in Bosonic string theory is unstable due to the presence of an open string tachyon in its spectrum.",
"ref_ids": null,... |
6344827 | 3 | 93 | 3,048,339,577 | [
"Computer Science"
] | In an earlier work, we proposed a semantic framework for multimedia document adaptation in which a multimedia document is interpreted as a set of potential executions [11] . This framework defines adaptations as the search for a document compliant with the device constraints which is as close as possible to the executi... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In an earlier work, we proposed a semantic framework for multimedia document adaptation in which a multimedia document is interpreted as a set of potential executions.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "In an earlier work, we proposed a semantic framework for multimedia document ada... |
922007 | 1 | 58 | 2,534,056,962 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The LHP employed the capillary force which generates in the porous structure to drive the inner working fluid. With the circulation and phase change of working fluid, the heat can be transported from evaporator (receiving heat from operating machine) to condenser (dissipating heat to outside, which is often embedded in... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The LHP employed the capillary force which generates in the porous structure to drive the inner working fluid.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The LHP employed the capillary force which generates in the porous structure to drive the inner working fluid.",
"ref_ids": null,... |
922007 | 0 | 58 | 2,534,056,962 | [
"Materials Science"
] | Loop heat pipe (LHP) is a robust thermal transfer device for cooling electronic components [1] . Figure 1 shows the schematic of LHP. A LHP consists of one evaporator (Evap), one vapor line (VL), one condenser (Cond), one liquid line (LL), one compensation chamber (CC) and one primary wick (PW). | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Loop heat pipe (LHP) is a robust thermal transfer device for cooling electronic components.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Loop heat pipe (LHP) is a robust thermal transfer device for cooling electronic components [1] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF0"
]
],... |
13036701 | 29 | 85 | 4,482,939,280 | [
"Biology"
] | When compared to culture results, the fluorogenic 5′ nuclease assay performed within and above the statistical percentages of other described methods of detection (Table 3 ) [10] . Especially noteworthy is the method's negative predictive value (97.8%), which gives the confidence level of a negative call as compared t... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "When compared to culture results, the fluorogenic 5′ nuclease assay performed within and above the statistical percentages of other described methods of detection (Table 3 ).",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "When compared to culture results, the fluorogenic 5′ nuclease assay perf... |
15336204 | 18 | 61 | 2,576,825,913 | [
"Computer Science"
] | To compare our segmentation method with other approaches, we applied it to the SIVAL image set [19] . SIVAL includes 25 different image categories with 60 images in each category. The categories consist of images containing a single object photographed against highly diverse backgrounds. The object may occur anywhere s... | EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS | [
{
"text": "To compare our segmentation method with other approaches, we applied it to the SIVAL image set.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "To compare our segmentation method with other approaches, we applied it to the SIVAL image set [19] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF17"
... |
55025357 | 39 | 97 | 1,472,864,532 | [
"Psychology"
] | Second, the diary design of the present study allowed investigating fluctuations of the study variables over the course of a working week. Such a design offers the opportunity to capture work events and experiences as they unfold in the work environment (Ilies, Schwind, & Heller, 2007) . Thus, the present results enhan... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Second, the diary design of the present study allowed investigating fluctuations of the study variables over the course of a working week.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Second, the diary design of the present study allowed investigating fluctuations of the study variables o... |
9702313 | 5 | 9 | 2,776,511,270 | [
"Medicine"
] | Additionally, for treatments studied in highly specialised settings, scepticism about results may arise from evidence suggesting that single-centre trials tend to produce significantly larger effect estimates than multi-centre trials. A systematic review of 82 critical care medicine randomised controlled trials found s... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Additionally, for treatments studied in highly specialised settings, scepticism about results may arise from evidence suggesting that single-centre trials tend to produce significantly larger effect estimates than multi-centre trials.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Additiona... |
18409824 | 0 | 36 | 3,792,336,483 | [
"Medicine"
] | The cervix is a cylindrical structure that is proximally connected to the uterus and distally to the vaginal cavity. The cervix is composed of fibrous connective tissue and the uterus is composed mainly of smooth muscle, and they are therefore distinct organs [1] . The cervix can change significantly over a short time ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The cervix is a cylindrical structure that is proximally connected to the uterus and distally to the vaginal cavity.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The cervix is a cylindrical structure that is proximally connected to the uterus and distally to the vaginal cavity.",
"ref... |
20173320 | 10 | 34 | 5,826,641,688 | [
"Biology"
] | Genetic stock 97UT144 (2n 5 41) was identified as a primary trisomic, but hasn't been associated with any linkage group. SSR markers from 20 MLGs were initially examined in an F 2 population of 97UT144 3 PI 407287. All markers segregated in a disomic ratio except that Satt226 (MLG D2) showed a 0:17:4 ratio, which did n... | RESULTS | [
{
"text": "Genetic stock 97UT144 (2n 5 41) was identified as a primary trisomic, but hasn't been associated with any linkage group.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Genetic stock 97UT144 (2n 5 41) was identified as a primary trisomic, but hasn't been associated with any linkage group.",
... |
54735845 | 12 | 19 | 5,116,011,171 | [
"Psychology"
] | As this literature review demonstrates, there is a lack of studies comparing the beliefs of students who are majoring at different fields of study and who are eligible to teach English after graduation. This comparison is important because their field of study may be influential in forming their teaching competencies a... | Literature Review | [
{
"text": "As this literature review demonstrates, there is a lack of studies comparing the beliefs of students who are majoring at different fields of study and who are eligible to teach English after graduation.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "As this literature review demonstrates, t... |
54735845 | 31 | 19 | 5,116,011,171 | [
"Psychology"
] | As discussed above, since teacher effectiveness is a crucial element of education and it plays a major role on students' achievement, skills of an effective teacher of English should be taught to prospective teachers in their teaching methodology courses. Teacher educators should recommend that prospective teachers obs... | Discussion and Conclusions | [
{
"text": "As discussed above, since teacher effectiveness is a crucial element of education and it plays a major role on students' achievement, skills of an effective teacher of English should be taught to prospective teachers in their teaching methodology courses.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"origi... |
56418290 | 2 | 4 | 3,441,060,089 | [
"Biology"
] | Cancer cell migration and invasion are initial steps in metastasis, which is a primary cause of cancer-related death. During metastasis, primary tumor cells migrate and invade neighboring tissues, entering the circulation to establish new or secondary tumor sites (Bacac et al., 2008) . The signaling pathway involved in... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Cancer cell migration and invasion are initial steps in metastasis, which is a primary cause of cancer-related death.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Cancer cell migration and invasion are initial steps in metastasis, which is a primary cause of cancer-related death.",
"r... |
19063468 | 17 | 94 | 5,682,393,637 | [
"Medicine"
] | Some affected members, AIII-4 and AIII-9, had been diagnosed as having IDDM at the onset, because of the apparent abrupt onset in youth and the severity of the disease. However, the clinical course of the disease after onset appears to be slightly different from that observed in typical acute-onset patients whose IDDM ... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Some affected members, AIII-4 and AIII-9, had been diagnosed as having IDDM at the onset, because of the apparent abrupt onset in youth and the severity of the disease.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Some affected members, AIII-4 and AIII-9, had been diagnosed as having IDDM... |
3590069 | 3 | 46 | 3,261,431,648 | [
"Physics"
] | High resolution numerical simulations of galaxy formation can provide information on the properties of the DM halo. Velocity distributions extracted from high resolution DM-only (DMO) simulations deviate substantially from a Maxwellian distribution, with fewer particles at the peak and an excess of particles at large s... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "High resolution numerical simulations of galaxy formation can provide information on the properties of the DM halo.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "High resolution numerical simulations of galaxy formation can provide information on the properties of the DM halo.",
"ref_i... |
90152090 | 5 | 21 | 4,651,837,863 | [
"Biology"
] | A partial skull of Shartegosuchus asperopalatum (IGM 200/50) was CT-scanned at the American Museum of Natural History Microscopy and Imaging Facility. Individual skull bones, including all palatal elements, were segmented into separate regions using the region-growing tool in VG Studio Max 3.0. The scan was compared to... | METHODOLOGY | [
{
"text": "A partial skull of Shartegosuchus asperopalatum (IGM 200/50) was CT-scanned at the American Museum of Natural History Microscopy and Imaging Facility.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "A partial skull of Shartegosuchus asperopalatum (IGM 200/50) was CT-scanned at the American M... |
43392402 | 0 | 51 | 5,246,989,591 | [
"Computer Science"
] | Compared to nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are more power constrained and have limited memory, computation, and transmission capabilities. In most applications, sensors are immobile and left unattended once deployed. These unique features necessitate novel algorithms ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Compared to nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are more power constrained and have limited memory, computation, and transmission capabilities.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Compared to nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs),... |
8428965 | 0 | 67 | 6,530,932,552 | [
"Computer Science"
] | In the past few years, the human population has experienced a series of natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes (see, for example Aquila (IT) earthquake in 2009, Tohoku (Japan) tsunami in 2011, Turkey earthquake in 2011, etc.), floods, fires, landslides among others, that have in many cases overwhel... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In the past few years, the human population has experienced a series of natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes (see, for example Aquila (IT) earthquake in 2009, Tohoku (Japan) tsunami in 2011, Turkey earthquake in 2011, etc.), floods, fires, landslides among others, that have in ... |
12379426 | 9 | 51 | 383,712,872 | [
"Mathematics"
] | To study the lines of the Cameron-Liebler line class in a clique, we follow Drudge's approach [10] . A clique C and its lines correspond to a projective plane and its points in the following way. If C ¼ starðPÞ, then it su‰ces to take the quotient space with respect to P. If C ¼ lineðpÞ, then the dual plane can be cons... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "To study the lines of the Cameron-Liebler line class in a clique, we follow Drudge's approach.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "To study the lines of the Cameron-Liebler line class in a clique, we follow Drudge's approach [10] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF9"
]... |
18205447 | 5 | 85 | 6,265,275,478 | [
"Engineering"
] | For this purpose, this paper proposed a horizontal method based on ant-based clustering. This kind of antbased clustering algorithm imitates the ant's behavior of clustering their corpses [26] . The object with attributes can be looked as a point in -dimensional space. The objects are projected into a low dimensional s... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "For this purpose, this paper proposed a horizontal method based on ant-based clustering.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "For this purpose, this paper proposed a horizontal method based on ant-based clustering.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"tex... |
18205447 | 0 | 85 | 6,265,275,478 | [
"Engineering"
] | Intelligent Maintenance (IM) of machine is emerging as a replacement of traditional reactive maintenance style. Different from traditional "fail and fix (FAF)" maintenance practice, IM focuses on "predict and prevent (PAP)" methodology to achieve near-zero downtime performance. Usually, the machine and components go th... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Intelligent Maintenance (IM) of machine is emerging as a replacement of traditional reactive maintenance style.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Intelligent Maintenance (IM) of machine is emerging as a replacement of traditional reactive maintenance style.",
"ref_ids": nul... |
119188842 | 2 | 1 | 2,310,474,595 | [
"Physics"
] | Combining these experimental observations with current knowledge on large scale structures, magnetic fields and cosmic background fields leads to the following understanding of high energy cosmic rays. The lack of significant correlations of arrival directions above ∼ 1 EeV with the galactic plane together with the lim... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Combining these experimental observations with current knowledge on large scale structures, magnetic fields and cosmic background fields leads to the following understanding of high energy cosmic rays.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Combining these experimental observations ... |
55019875 | 5 | 15 | 2,112,380,377 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Motivating by this, we extended the existing wFLC into three dimensions and called it QwFLC-3D which yielded 27% improvement in tremor modeling [12] . We further looked at the coherence between the grip force (force exerted by hand while holding a device) and three xyz tremor channels and found significant coherence be... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Motivating by this, we extended the existing wFLC into three dimensions and called it QwFLC-3D which yielded 27% improvement in tremor modeling.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Motivating by this, we extended the existing wFLC into three dimensions and called it QwFLC-3D which yi... |
55019875 | 26 | 15 | 2,112,380,377 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Our quaternion modeling provided significant performance improvement. We however use a linear band pass filter in order to generate the reference signal. The delay induced by this filter is approximately 20ms. For real-time applications we have to consider hardware delay in sensors and actuators which is about 4ms [8] ... | Discussion and Conclusions | [
{
"text": "Our quaternion modeling provided significant performance improvement.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Our quaternion modeling provided significant performance improvement.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "We however use a linear band pass... |
15622346 | 5 | 94 | 2,763,366,390 | [
"Mathematics"
] | To distinguish this new kind of failure, we introduce a new metric of social learning. The traditional metric for a successful outcome is one of aggregation: whether as society grows large, later agents approach certainty about the underlying state of the world. This is a stringent criterion, yet society can sometimes ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "To distinguish this new kind of failure, we introduce a new metric of social learning.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "To distinguish this new kind of failure, we introduce a new metric of social learning.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": ... |
15622346 | 2 | 94 | 2,763,366,390 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Studying learning with correlated neighborhoods takes us a step closer to understanding the efficiency of learning in realistic settings. A classic example in the literature involves people arriving sequentially and choosing between two restaurants (Banerjee 1992) . Suppose you observe that one restaurant has a long li... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Studying learning with correlated neighborhoods takes us a step closer to understanding the efficiency of learning in realistic settings.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Studying learning with correlated neighborhoods takes us a step closer to understanding the efficiency of ... |
196667428 | 30 | 58 | 332,169,553 | [
"Biology"
] | Genomic data from various cancer studies can be found in cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, available online at cbioportal.org [9, 10] . The data sets of the most recent The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer studies were selected in the portal, which resulted in 33 studies and 7,893 cases in total. Then a query was perfor... | Methods | [
{
"text": "Genomic data from various cancer studies can be found in cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, available online at cbioportal.org.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Genomic data from various cancer studies can be found in cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, available online at cbioportal.org... |
85993965 | 28 | 5 | 1,965,368,781 | [
"Biology"
] | Temporal isolation is another possible explanation for the genetic differentiation between these two close populations. Despite the proximity of the two A. acuminatum populations, there are some distinct habitat differences that may impact reproductive timing at each site. Elevation and aspect differ greatly between th... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Temporal isolation is another possible explanation for the genetic differentiation between these two close populations.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Temporal isolation is another possible explanation for the genetic differentiation between these two close populations.",
... |
85993965 | 31 | 5 | 1,965,368,781 | [
"Biology"
] | The loss of genetic diversity, or genetic erosion, in a species is an important consideration in collection practices for restoration, conservation, or breeding purposes. One way that genetic erosion can be minimized by managers or propagators is by using practices based on familiarity with species-specific patterns of... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "The loss of genetic diversity, or genetic erosion, in a species is an important consideration in collection practices for restoration, conservation, or breeding purposes.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The loss of genetic diversity, or genetic erosion, in a species is an imp... |
40106666 | 30 | 6 | 6,471,190,919 | [
"Biology"
] | Familiarity of the pair-bond and male sexual (in)experience may also play a role in how accurately a male can detect female reproductive status. The newly formed pair in this study (Peach group, with a nulliparous female and a young (and, thus, potentially sexually inexperienced) male) had the least accurate copulation... | Discussion | [
{
"text": "Familiarity of the pair-bond and male sexual (in)experience may also play a role in how accurately a male can detect female reproductive status.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Familiarity of the pair-bond and male sexual (in)experience may also play a role in how accurately ... |
110679599 | 31 | 85 | 5,339,875,445 | [
"Engineering"
] | If passive energy gain from turbulence is possible purely from the MAV's aerodynamic shaping, it opens up a new perspective on MAV design and leads to many related research questions. How should a MAV be optimized in order to best perform in the turbulent environment of the real world? There may for instance be conflic... | DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "If passive energy gain from turbulence is possible purely from the MAV's aerodynamic shaping, it opens up a new perspective on MAV design and leads to many related research questions.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "If passive energy gain from turbulence is possible purely fr... |
110679599 | 4 | 85 | 5,339,875,445 | [
"Engineering"
] | With the above considerations in mind, it was decided to experimentally study to what extent the turbulence within the lower regions of the ABL affects the performance on MAVs. A straightforward approach with flight testing was selected. One of the University MAVs was equipped with data logging equipment and flight-tes... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "With the above considerations in mind, it was decided to experimentally study to what extent the turbulence within the lower regions of the ABL affects the performance on MAVs.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "With the above considerations in mind, it was decided to experiment... |
110679599 | 2 | 85 | 5,339,875,445 | [
"Engineering"
] | The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the region of air affected by the friction between the surface of earth and the wind. It results in a gradient wind field within which the air flow is complex and turbulent. The characteristics of the ABL depend on the underlying terrain and atmospheric conditions. Over flat unif... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the region of air affected by the friction between the surface of earth and the wind.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the region of air affected by the friction between the surface of earth and th... |
54715604 | 7 | 97 | 2,141,504,431 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Several methods were developed to determine the deterioration threshold of frying oils, such as the measurement of free fatty acids, total polar compounds, alkaline materials, anisidine, peroxide values, and mono-and diglycerides (Sanibal & Mancini-Filho, 2004; Stier, 2001) . However, most of these methods have the dis... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Several methods were developed to determine the deterioration threshold of frying oils, such as the measurement of free fatty acids, total polar compounds, alkaline materials, anisidine, peroxide values, and mono-and diglycerides.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Several methods w... |
54982787 | 6 | 90 | 3,901,332,310 | [
"Biology"
] | Gendarussa is a wild plant that has not been widely cultivated yet. Thus far, gendarussa has been conventionally reproduced by cuttings and planting seeds. However, this conventional propagation has some drawbacks including low multiplication rate and time-consuming, very low seed viability, and requiring extensive lan... | INTRODUCTION | [
{
"text": "Gendarussa is a wild plant that has not been widely cultivated yet.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Gendarussa is a wild plant that has not been widely cultivated yet.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text": "Thus far, gendarussa has been convent... |
210699248 | 5 | 91 | 3,671,836,795 | [
"Medicine"
] | Adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of mental health problems, with over half of adult mental illnesses emerging by 14 years of age [19] . Australian statistics show that 1 in 7 young people have an anxiety disorders and 1 in 16 in have depression, with pre-clinical psychological distress symptoms often eme... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of mental health problems, with over half of adult mental illnesses emerging by 14 years of age.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of mental health problems, with over half of adult ment... |
53955101 | 3 | 5 | 3,835,750,213 | [
"Mathematics"
] | In the fluidized bed coating process with Wurster tube, the quality of product is strongly depended on the operation parameters, i.e. fluidization air velocity, inlet air temperature, the gap height between the air distributor and tube, which should be carefully chosen to guarantee the end-point quality of product. Mor... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In the fluidized bed coating process with Wurster tube, the quality of product is strongly depended on the operation parameters, i.e. fluidization air velocity, inlet air temperature, the gap height between the air distributor and tube, which should be carefully chosen to guarantee the end-point qual... |
53955101 | 4 | 5 | 3,835,750,213 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Currently, two methods are commonly used to monitor the coating process, i.e. single point based measurement and tomography based measurement. In the single point measurement, pressure transducer or optical probes are used to investigate the solids concentration and fluctuations. The pressure signals carry the informat... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Currently, two methods are commonly used to monitor the coating process, i.e. single point based measurement and tomography based measurement.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Currently, two methods are commonly used to monitor the coating process, i.e. single point based meas... |
53955101 | 6 | 5 | 3,835,750,213 | [
"Mathematics"
] | Among the above process tomography technologies, ECT is the best choice for the application in fluidized bed coating process due to the high speed data acquisition and it can reconstruct the permittivity distribution. Normally, ECT is used in a conventional chamber with either square or circular shapes. The complicated... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Among the above process tomography technologies, ECT is the best choice for the application in fluidized bed coating process due to the high speed data acquisition and it can reconstruct the permittivity distribution.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Among the above process to... |
53955101 | 2 | 5 | 3,835,750,213 | [
"Mathematics"
] | The pressure difference creates a pneumatic mass transport from the annulus zone to the coating zone through the gap between the Wurster tube and air distributor. According to the particles movement, the flow field inside the bed was divided into four different zones, namely coating, drying, annulus and transporting zo... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The pressure difference creates a pneumatic mass transport from the annulus zone to the coating zone through the gap between the Wurster tube and air distributor.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The pressure difference creates a pneumatic mass transport from the annulus zone ... |
152946674 | 0 | 21 | 4,629,529,367 | [
"Economics"
] | Reinsurance is an important risk management strategy in insurance, consisting of ceding part of the insurer's risk to a reinsurer, in exchange of a reinsurance premium. It is an intelligent mechanism to reduce the insurer's risk retention, if it is able to control the reinsurance premium [24] . Mathematically, let X a ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Reinsurance is an important risk management strategy in insurance, consisting of ceding part of the insurer's risk to a reinsurer, in exchange of a reinsurance premium.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Reinsurance is an important risk management strategy in insurance, consisti... |
152946674 | 1 | 21 | 4,629,529,367 | [
"Economics"
] | Independently of the reinsurance model and strategy considered, the final optimal solution for a reinsurance problem involves the solution of an optimization problem. In many occasions the analysis in research articles does not reach to this final stage of the problem, since specific assumptions on the model's variable... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "Independently of the reinsurance model and strategy considered, the final optimal solution for a reinsurance problem involves the solution of an optimization problem.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "Independently of the reinsurance model and strategy considered, the final opt... |
17700701 | 1 | 95 | 3,939,535,290 | [
"Physics"
] | In this paper, we present a new coordinate system and corresponding canonical metric form, which are closely related to the light cone. Their geometrical and physical meanings are discussed in detail. Under this coordinate system, the complicated Einstein's equation could be greatly simplified, and the exact solutions ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "In this paper, we present a new coordinate system and corresponding canonical metric form, which are closely related to the light cone.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "In this paper, we present a new coordinate system and corresponding canonical metric form, which are closely... |
55200029 | 11 | 85 | 6,506,369,572 | [
"Chemistry"
] | Medicinal plants are used in traditional treatments to cure variety of diseases (Hariprasad and Ramakrishnan, 2011) . Various scientific studies reported the analgesic, anticancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifeedent and antifertility activity of this plant (Vishnukanta, 2008; Sen and Batra, 2011) . Gas... | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | [
{
"text": "Medicinal plants are used in traditional treatments to cure variety of diseases.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "Medicinal plants are used in traditional treatments to cure variety of diseases (Hariprasad and Ramakrishnan, 2011) .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF13"
... |
14223741 | 7 | 97 | 2,836,696,588 | [
"Chemistry"
] | The scattering enhancement at higher RH influences the direct climate forcing by aerosol particles (Charlson et al., 1992; Schwartz, 1996) . It is therefore desirable to be able to transform dry σ sp into ambient σ sp values. For this purpose we measured the size distribution and the chemical composition of the JFJ aer... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The scattering enhancement at higher RH influences the direct climate forcing by aerosol particles.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The scattering enhancement at higher RH influences the direct climate forcing by aerosol particles (Charlson et al., 1992; Schwartz, 1996) .",
"... |
14223741 | 6 | 97 | 2,836,696,588 | [
"Chemistry"
] | The aerosol scattering coefficient σ sp can be measured by an integrating nephelometer. To measure σ sp at different RH, we built a humidification system for a commercial nephelometer (TSI Inc., model 3563) which allows for the measurement of σ sp at a defined humidity below 95% RH (Fierz-Schmidhauser et al., 2010) . T... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The aerosol scattering coefficient σ sp can be measured by an integrating nephelometer.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The aerosol scattering coefficient σ sp can be measured by an integrating nephelometer.",
"ref_ids": null,
"citation_text": null
},
{
"text"... |
16026841 | 5 | 45 | 1,365,190,197 | [
"Engineering"
] | The experimental results of their designs were published six years later by Fertis [15] . Wind tunnel testing was performed on a NACA 23012 airfoil over a range of Reynolds numbers from 1 × 10 5 to 5.5 × 10 5 , and a wide range of angle of attacks. Results showed improved stall characteristics at all tested airspeeds, ... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "The experimental results of their designs were published six years later by Fertis.",
"label": "check-worthy",
"original_text": "The experimental results of their designs were published six years later by Fertis [15] .",
"ref_ids": [
[
"BIBREF14"
]
],
"citation... |
15612233 | 25 | 81 | 3,642,256,234 | [
"Computer Science"
] | Our next step is to address the classification of rarer depressive symptoms suggestive of major depressive disorder from our dataset and hierarchy including inappropriate guilt, difficulty concentrating, psychomotor agitation or retardation, weight loss or gain, and anhedonia [1, 2] . We are developing a population-lev... | FUTURE WORK | [
{
"text": "Our next step is to address the classification of rarer depressive symptoms suggestive of major depressive disorder from our dataset and hierarchy including inappropriate guilt, difficulty concentrating, psychomotor agitation or retardation, weight loss or gain, and anhedonia.",
"label": "check-w... |
12115282 | 0 | 53 | 6,072,365,923 | [
"Economics"
] | It has been widely recognized that sustainable development with various species on the planet is the common pursuit of human beings. However, there is an increasing worldwide discussion about humans' sustainability due to the rising trend of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the excessive consumption of natural resour... | Introduction | [
{
"text": "It has been widely recognized that sustainable development with various species on the planet is the common pursuit of human beings.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "It has been widely recognized that sustainable development with various species on the planet is the common pur... |
153431302 | 1 | 81 | 6,342,624,631 | [
"Economics"
] | There is growing concern over the substantial increase in the municipal bond market during the last decade. In 2001, the total amount of municipal debt outstanding was $1.6 trillion. By 2011, the amount of debt outstanding had grown by a substantial 133.8% increase -to $3.74 trillion (Johnston, 2013) . Bond ratings for... | BACKGROUND | [
{
"text": "There is growing concern over the substantial increase in the municipal bond market during the last decade.",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "There is growing concern over the substantial increase in the municipal bond market during the last decade.",
"ref_ids": null,
"... |
136402453 | 19 | 42 | 1,669,232,095 | [
"Materials Science"
] | The pH dependence in the material's adsorption was evidenced by our film growth studies, as shown in Fig. 3 . The immersion time was standardized at 10 min for both pHs analyzed. The NR latex was employed with pH 7.0 and a concentration of 1.0 g/L. The amount of adsorbed material increased linearly with the number of b... | Results and discussion | [
{
"text": "The pH dependence in the material's adsorption was evidenced by our film growth studies, as shown in Fig. 3 .",
"label": "non-check-worthy",
"original_text": "The pH dependence in the material's adsorption was evidenced by our film growth studies, as shown in Fig. 3 .",
"ref_ids": null,
... |
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