question stringlengths 14 1.69M | answer stringlengths 1 40.5k | meat_tokens int64 1 8.18k |
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With the "Web 2.0 revolution" taking over the online world, the word community software is popping up everywhere. Since the term is relatively new, we thought we would clarify its meaning. Community software refers to any software that allows users to interact and share data. It as also known as social software, collaboration software and groupware. It is usually associated with individuals who are not physically located in the same place, but instead<|fim_middle|> easier; this unique enterprise community software connects employees, customers and partners and facilitates the feedback and ideas management process. | work together online. Community software includes a variety of platforms where users can collaborate; types of community software include social networks, family sites, dating sites and enterprise community software.
An emerging concept in the business world, enterprise community software, also known as enterprise 2.0 software and enterprise social software, is quickly being used by many companies. This type of software aims to help employees, customers and partners collaborate, share, and organize information. With community software, organizations can streamline the business process and facilitate communication and collaboration with external parties.
What makes community software what they are is that they are rich in communication and interactive tools. Instant messaging, blogs, wikis, discussion forums, and collaborative real-time editors are the most common capabilities. Enterprise community software usually includes these features, plus a combination of tools businesses can use to facilitate and manage their customer relationships and ideas generation process.
OneDesk includes all the social collaboration tools mentioned above. It also incorporates social CRM integrations, a comprehensive requirements management tool, a customer feedback application and you can also import Microsoft Project files and continue working on them within. OneDesk's goal is to make your job | 228 |
I<|fim_middle|> a complimentary fabric. Each pair of fabrics was then reversed to create a second hexagon. Eight hexagons in total were then machine appliqued onto 3 different cream background squares.
As table runners go it's fairly large however I'm quite pleased with the results. This was one of those projects I had to pick up and put down several times and almost force myself to finish.
Just for a laugh - here are my trusty photographic assistants. They are used to the strange behaviour of dragging things out to the line and photographing them from every angle. | gave you a sneak peek a few weeks ago of a project I'd been working on for a while.
It's finally finished and will be gifted today - only 3 months late! It is a table runner for my Mother-in-law's birthday. I used the english paper piecing method to create the large hexagons, with the central star in one fabric and the filler diamonds around the outside in | 81 |
Home » UK Health System » Partnership For Better Health
Owen Marks
Rare Disease Lead, Pfizer UK
In 2003 the first human genome was sequenced.1 This major milestone enabled scientists to further understand how they could diagnose and treat genetic disorders. Now, sixteen years on, we are standing on the brink of a new era of innovation. But bringing this innovation to patients won't be easy. For this to be realised it will require industry, Government, and the NHS all working in a renewed partnership to seize the opportunity and make it happen for patients.
Since I started working in the pharmaceutical industry over twenty years ago, I could never have imagined then how far we would<|fim_middle|>acts/ (Last accessed February 2019) [Last accessed February 2019]
Tackling the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Driving Global Competitiveness of the UK's Life Sciences Ecosystem
PP-PFE-GBR-1760 / May 2019 | come in advancing our science and medical innovation in supporting and treating patients. Where I work in rare diseases, this innovation has the potential to be most felt. Rare diseases are individually rare but collectively common, and their impact is widespread, with over 3.5 million people in the UK affected.2 Globally, of the 7,000 known rare diseases almost 80%, or 6,000, are genetic diseases.3
Gene therapy is one such treatment that offers so much potential to patients with rare conditions. It is an experimental technique that can target these rare diseases and fixes the 'faulty' genes that cause illnesses. Unlike other treatments which often require frequent administration and focus on managing symptoms and disease progression, gene therapy aims to fix what is not working and provide a long-term treatment.
There is a real opportunity here for us to embrace a renewed partnership and together deliver the treatment a generation of patients need."
For patients this could mean they no longer experience the debilitating symptoms their rare disease brings, and their life expectancy and quality of life could improve. For the NHS it could help to reduce the strain on the healthcare system and allow people who were previously too ill, to play a more active role in society.
Gene therapy and other new innovative treatments are symbolic of the great potential, but also the challenges we face. With a current healthcare system geared towards more common conditions, how do we rebalance it to deal with the generation of millions of patients with thousands of different rare diseases? For me, we need to set in place the right framework across the systems and pathways to enable patients to get the right treatment, at the right time, in the right way.
The critical first step is to come together in a renewed partnership. We have an opportunity to work together to future proof the 'system' by discussing the challenges and opportunities in bringing innovation, combined with the right care pathway for these patients. The NHS Long Term Plan has set in place some positive foundations for us to achieve this, but we now just need to ensure that these advancements in science and medical innovation, that have been hard fought, will be able to reach the patients that need them.
At Pfizer we're committed and passionate about playing our part. There is a real opportunity here for us to embrace a renewed partnership and together deliver the treatment a generation of patients need.
https://www.genome.gov/11006943/human-genome-project-completion-frequent... (Last accessed February 2019)
https://globalgenes.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ShireReport-1.pdf (Last accessed February 2019)
https://globalgenes.org/rare-f | 549 |
UNC Greensboro | Campus Life & Resources | Student & Community Resources | Life in Greensboro
Greensboro is the largest city in North Carolina's Piedmont Triad region and the third-most populous city in the state. With nearly 300,0<|fim_middle|>Emma Keys is a local favorite offering burgers, hot dogs, sandwiches, salads, milkshakes, sweets, and more are available at the flat top grill.
Yum Yum Better Ice Cream & Hot Dogs
A fixture on UNCG's campus, Yum Yums opened in 1906 and offers homemade ice cream and hot dogs.
LOCAL SITES & HISTORY
THINGS TO DO IN GREENSBORO
Rich in history and traditions, join in the fun and explore things to do in Greensboro each week.
Explore More About Things to Do in Greensboro
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS CENTER & MUSEUM
The historic site of the sit-in movement of the 1960's, the International Civil Rights Center & Museum is open for tours.
Explore More About the International Civil Rights Center & Museum
GREENSBORO SCIENCE CENTER
Explore nature, go on a treetop adventure, and more at the Greensboro Science Center.
Explore More About the Greensboro Science Center
GUILFORD COURTHOUSE NATIONAL MILITARY PARK
Take a walk back in time to the American Revolution and learn how Greensboro was the place of a pivotal battle in the war.
Learn More About the Guilford Courthouse National Military Park
Elsewhere Museum
A living museum, international artists, and collaborative learning laboratory all in a thrift store. That's the unique Elsewhere Museum in downtown Greensboro.
Explore More About the Elsewhere Museum
City of Greensboro | 00 residents, more than 47,000 college students, and entertainment such as sports, shopping, an expansive parks and greenway system, and more, it is easy for Spartans to find things to do and places to explore! UNC Greensboro's campus is just a mile from downtown – the perfect place to take a study break and enjoy great restaurants, cultural events, museums, and parks.
Greensboro Grasshoppers
Carolina Theater
Wet & Wild Emerald Pointe
Greensboro Coliseum
Explore Greensboro's Restaurants
From quick bites to evening's out, Greensboro offers a variety of dining experiences for you to enjoy.
Chez Genese
UNCG Alumni owned, Chez Genese offers french-inspired cuisine with a mission to provide equal employment for adults with disabilities. Enjoy breakfast and lunch at this unique restaurant.
Crafted The Art of the Taco
Located in downtown Greensboro, Crafted offers a variety of tacos fit for your cravings.
Bites & Pints Gastropub
Great bites and lots of pints offers a laid-back atmosphere for dining with friends and family.
Emma Keys
| 232 |
Fast and efficient service Thank you!
You took the trouble to<|fim_middle|>.
Material Damage – These covers refer to damage or loss of property – for example buildings, contents, tenant's improvements.
Why do I need to Insure my business? – Insurance provides your Business with peace of mind from the myriad of potential risks from fires to a member of staff slipping over to a client reacting badly to a treatment.
What Covers should I have?
All Property Insurance Services is a division of Allpropertyclaims Ltd. | find exactly the product I was looking for. Many thanks!
Always ensure that your sums insured are accurate especially for buildings, stock and if applicable Tenants Improvements – Insurers operate a clause called "average" this clause will kick in if your sums insured are not adequate – Insurers are at liberty to deduct the % that you are under-insured from any settlement. For example if you get cover for £100k and it should be £200k and you claims for £50k then you will only get £25k | 112 |
Puffy's top layer is a Cooling Cloud Pressure Relief Foam; CertiPUR-US Certified. This is what's accountable for making you really feel as though you are sleeping on a cloud. The bottom layer of Puffy is made of Firm Core Support Foam, which is also CertiPUR-US certified.
The Nature's Sleep mattress includes a 20 year guarantee, compared with the vast majority of mattresses having a 10 year. This mattress is a little more costly than some.However, with a great warranty, and Emerald Gel construction, it is well worth the money.
Comfort and support are the 2 biggest factors to consider, when you are looking to buy a new mattress.There are a few things that should take place when you lie down. You want the sinkage and contour to be right, for proper spine alignment. You also want a mattress to correctly support your body, as you sleep at night. To ensure you are getting a healthy rest at night, it is crucial that your alignment from head to toe is correct. This also greatly reduces any neck and back pain, which you may have. A mattress should provide you with stress relief, while at the same time being supportive all around of your body. The<|fim_middle|> a long period of time. If you decide you are going to purchase a mattress, at least invest your money into a mattress that offers at the least, a 10 year warranty. | stress points on your body are precisely what's in control of you thrashing through the evening. Memory foam mattresses have earned their way into the spotlight, by not only being comfortable, but as equally supportive.
This goes hand in hand with comfort and support. A mattress should neither be too hard or too soft.It must be as neutral as feasible, to maintain your body and also spinal column in a neutral position.If you have a mattress that is too rigid, this causes stress points to get irritated. Resulting in the loss of blood flow, as well as pinched nerves. If you wake up frequently with the sensation of pins and needles, most likely your mattress is too rigid. And if your mattress is too soft, this can create a sagging effect, similar to a hammock. When this occurs, you can find yourself with back pain, due to your spine not being properly aligned.It is important to locate a mattress with a neutral feeling, that will certainly be both rigid and also soft in the perfect places.
It's no surprise that if you are looking a top top quality mattress, they don't come cheap.It's quite an investment to make. This is why it's so important, that when the time comes, you choose a mattress brand that will last you for years.It is very important that you find a mattress that has been constructed to last | 272 |
SOLUTIONS, NOT POLITICS
Mike's Plan
Join Mike
Survey Responses
1. It's unaffordable for many low-income residents to live in OP near their jobs. Would you support changes to zoning to allow for denser and more affordable housing options in OP? What specific types of residences would you like to see more of? If you do not support denser housing, are there other policies you think would help more residents afford to live near their jobs in Overland Park?
Overland Park was developed as a suburban community primarily, and until recently, comprised mostly of single family homes and planned neighborhoods. The recent trend to spot-zone high density developments is contrary to the character of the community in which residents have invested considerable capital to provide a strong quality of life free of congestion for their families.
The KC metro area is easily accessible throughout, with often no more than a 30-minute trip to reach most parts of the city, whether by car or public transportation. Therefore, the suggestion that people are not able to live within a reasonable commute to employment in Overland Park is simply not as dire as the premised question would imply.
Ideally, the employment offered in Overland Park is such that after working hard and prudently saving, as families have for decades, couples and families desiring to do so can transition from apartment and urban living to single-family home neighborhoods in suburbs like Overland Park. Building endless, dense developments squeezed in alongside established neighborhoods is driving many longtime residents from those neighborhoods to flee to Southern Johnson County, Miami Count and rural Missouri communities.
Overland Park has sought to extend its borders in a defensive maneuver to capture the rural areas to the south by leap-frogging annexation in a haphazard manner to control various interchanges and future potential commercial areas, with little plan or resources to properly serve those areas. Overland Park would do better to focus its attention and resources to be the best suburban community for its residents it can be, rather than<|fim_middle|> events? What steps would you like to see the city take to build climate resilience?
The number one thing Overland Park can do to positively impact the environment is to stop the short-sighted approval of high-density residential property. There is an overburdening of existing infrastructure, creating run-off, unsustainable demand on utilities and requiring more and more asphalt and concrete parking structures that both eliminate natural grasses and trees as well as raising climate temperatures.
High-density development not only negatively impacts the environment, but through unreasonable levels of congestion and demand on resources, also directly impacts our quality of life.
4. There have been a number of complaints about the city's use of the chip seal technique for road repairs in recent months, but less discussion about alternatives and how much they would cost. Do you support the city's current chip seal program? If not, what should the city be doing instead to repair and maintain its roads? How much would an alternative cost and how would the city pay for it? If you do support chip seal, how do you respond to residents who say it is both dangerous to pedestrians/cyclists and damaging to vehicles?
I do not support the current use of chip seal.
Chip seal was intended for rural roads and not for urban or suburban use. We need to find an alternative resurfacing material and find the money in the budget to pay for it.
The Tax Foundation rated Kansas as the 8th highest state for state and local taxes. Property taxes have risen 320% since 1997 at 6 times the rate of inflation. The city council needs to challenge every line item in the budget to get spending in line with revenues by starting with essential services (like fire, police, and road maintenance) and building up from there by prioritizing discretionary items.
5. The city's use of tax incentives to attract businesses and spur new development have become the subject of extensive debate in recent years. What's your general view on the use of tax incentives? Should they ever be used for greenfield projects? Are there any tax incentive tools you believe should never be used? Why or why not?
I support tax incentives for business development when used judiciously. Tax incentives should be used as the exception and not the rule, in areas that would not attract development on their own.
Specifically, tax incentives should be used for blighted, high crime, or geographically undesirable locations and not prime real estate in desirable areas. Too often in Overland Park tax incentives are given away to developers in areas that would have attracted development without the incentives, increasing the tax burden on existing Overland Park residents, schools and businesses.
Reforming city development incentives must be done to restore equity to the local tax burden. Every dollar abated is a dollar that comes directly from residents through an increasing residential tax burden. The Tax Foundation rated Kansas the worst state in the nation for taxes on mature businesses, partly because of the subsidies for new businesses. We must reverse that trend.
mike@mikeforopmayor.com
Mike Czinege for Overland Park
Overland Park, Kansas 66225
Make checks payable to:
Paid for by Mike for OP Mayor, Craig Ramsey, Treasurer | trying become an urban city failing in its quest to be all things to all people and responding to every planning fad of the day.
Overland Park was never meant to be New York or even Kansas City, nor is such a congested lifestyle desired by Overland Park residents. Safe, maintained and peaceful neighborhoods, along with ensuring strong schools should be the priority focus.
2. The Overland Park police department has faced ongoing criticism and scrutiny over how it handled Officer Clayton Jenison shooting and killing teenager John Albers in 2018. Last September, the FBI opened a civil rights investigation on the matter, which is still ongoing. The city recently released the Johnson County Officer Involved Shooting Team's report on the incident after months of public outcry. Do you agree with how the police department and city have handled this issue to date? If not, what should have been done differently? How should the city handle the issue of police transparency and accountability going forward?
I strongly support our law enforcement community. Police officers have a difficult and often dangerous job to perform in their mission to keep our city residents safe. That mission is made all the more difficult when the city needlessly obstructs transparency surrounding both this tragedy and the dismissal of the involved officer. Such obstruction sows distrust in the community, and residents lose confidence in city government.
The circumstances of this tragedy are not simple by any means, but concern over nuances and public perception should not have prevented at least the Albers family from having had access to the information surrounding the death of their son. There may be reasonable need to keep some information confidential in these matters, but this limited need should not be a shield to shut down all inquiry. Most importantly, a more beneficial focus resulting from this incident should be to ensure that the police department has appropriate resources to recruit and retain the best officers, and to provide training that meets the highest standards of law enforcement. Such a strong focus prior to this incident may have provided Officer Jenison a stronger skill set to have avoided this tragedy.
It's disappointing that the current city leadership would hold fast to conflicting logic that standards were adhered to, and no wrongdoing occurred, yet at the same time deemed the officer's performance unacceptable and required termination — a situation made even more contradictory by the city paying a substantial severance to incentivize the departure of the officer. These actions by city leaders have failed our residents and failed our Overland Park law enforcement officers.
City leaders should have addressed this matter first with the upmost integrity and prudent transparency, rather than soft pedaling it the shadows. The fear of public perception or the inconvenience to political ambition should never supplant honesty in the stewardship of the public trust.
3. Climate change continues to be top of mind for many of our readers. What steps can Overland Park take to prepare Overland Park neighborhoods for increased flooding, along with extreme heat and drought | 580 |
Isaac Cortes, the winner of the high school boys' Millrose Games mile, is among three additions to the Stanford track and field recruiting class.
Cortes, from California distance power Great Oak High of Temecula, is joined by Georgia javelin thrower Will Kingsfield and Minnesota thrower C.J. Salone. They are part of an incoming freshmen class that now numbers 14.
Isaac Cortes (Temecula/Great Oak HS): He captured the Millrose Games mile by passing four runners in the final 50 meters, including the leader on the final step, live on network television. He ran 4:09.87 in the Feb. 20 race at Manhattan's Armory. Cortes has lifetime bests of 4:06.48 (1,600) and 1:51.44 (800), established while winning both events at the CIF-Southern Section Division 3 championships last year<|fim_middle|>0 champ.
C.J. Salone (Minneapolis, Minn./Blake School): She placed second at the Minnesota 2A championships last year in the discus with a throw of 146-3. She also was eighth in the shot put and has a best of 41-1. Her best discus throw of 147-0 is 23rd in Minnesota high school history.
Christina Aragon (Billings, Mont./Billings Senior HS): No. 4 1,500 in high school history (4:11.24).
Hannah DeBalsi (Westport, Conn./Staples HS): No. 5 2-mile in high school history (9:55.05).
Ella Donaghu (Portland, Ore./Grant HS): No. 7 1,500 in high school history (4:15.28).
Erika Malaspina (Santa Cruz, Calif./Pacific Collegiate School): No. 4 in nation this year (13-7).
Fiona O'Keeffe (Davis, Calif./Davis HS): No. 2 5,000 in California history (16:28.35).
C.J. Salone (Minneapolis, Minn./Blake School): No. 23 in Minnesota discus history.
Sarah Walker (Lower Gwynedd Township, Pa./Germantown Friend School): No. 1 800 in nation last year (2:03.70). | . Cortes went on to finish third in the California state meet 800. Last week, Cortes won Southwestern League titles in both the 800 and 1,600, duplicating his feat of last year and extending his league 800 winning streak to three. At the Arcadia Invitational in April, Cortes ran 9:00.28 in the 3,200.
Will Kingsfield (Sandy Springs, Ga./Marist School): He took up the javelin last summer and has proven to be a quick learner with great potential. Javelin is not a high school event in Georgia, but in two meets while competing unattached, Kingsfield already has thrown 194 feet this year -- a distance that ranks in No. 24 in the country. He also has a 56-3 3/4 in the 25-pound weight throw from the 2016 indoor season and could throw the hammer.
Julian Body (Portland, Ore./Jesuit HS): No. 4 in nation in 300 hurdles (36.68).
Isaac Cortes (Temecula, Calif./Great Oak HS): Millrose Games mile champ.
Landon Ellingson (Jefferson, Wis./Jefferson HS): No. 1 in Wisconsin in shot (61-11) and discus (184-2).
Will Kingsfield (Sandy Springs, Ga./Marist School): Newcomer to javelin has best of 194 feet.
Alek Parsons (Ogden, Utah/Ogden HS): Third at Nike Cross Nationals.
Thomas Ratcliffe (Concord, Mass./Concord-Carlisle Regional HS): New Balance Grand Prix indoor mile runner-up.
Hariharan Sathyamurthy (Indianapolis, Ind./Brownsburg HS): Indiana state 80 | 404 |
Valerie Aversa
<|fim_middle|> about the town's history. You'll also get the chance to "break bread" with the citizens of Shingletown, so you can learn even more about what makes this place so special. | Valerie Aversa commented on Home 2015-08-31 18:34:10 -0700 · Flag
The Best Western in Redding is accepting reservations for our Fall Symposium. Please call (530) 241-5500 and use our code: CCHS and the arrival date of October 15th for the discounted rates.
If you still have question please call us (909) 480-3964 or email info@californiahistorian.com for more information.
Valerie Aversa published Program in Fall Symposium 2015-08-27 22:07:46 -0700
Welcome to Redding!
We checked in at the Best Western PLUS Twin View Inn & Suites and met up with other attendees for our Welcome Reception at the Shasta Historical Society.
Workshop "Hacking" Millennials
Kara McClure Downing, Curator of Education, Shasta Historical Society
This workshop was held in the Old City Hall Art Center auditorium. In 2013, Museum Hack was founded, specializing in giving tours to people who do not like museums. Their focus was 20-30 year olds, which is part of the elusive group known as "millennials." Museum Hack has exploded in popularity. How can historical societies adapt Museum Hack's techniques and make them work for us? In this session, discuss new ways to engage millennials and how to hold their attention through social media.
Walking Tour of Downtown Redding
Redding has an impressive historic downtown. We started at Redding's historical "home base" at Shasta Historical Society and then continued to Old City Hall, made of native clay brick. Next, we explored Cascade Theatre, and learn about the major restoration project that made it possible to reopen this beautiful theater in 2004. And, concluded with a tour at the Behrens-Eaton House Museum and explore a range of artifacts, reflecting Shasta County's early history.
Turtle Bay Exploration Park
We enjoyed a customized curator-led tour of key exhibitions at Turtle Bay Exploration Park. Then after that, we had the opportunity to explore everything Turtle Bay has to offer including walking across Redding's famous Sundial Bridge, one of the largest sundials in the world, seeing beautiful botanical gardens, an arboretum, a forestry & wildlife center and the Turtle Bay Museum, which features historic re-creations, layered interpretative material, multimedia exhibits and science experiments.
Fort Crook Tour
Established in 1857 with equipment from the newly dismantled Fort Reading and named after Lt. George Crook, Fort Crook was established to protect freighters, settlers, emigrants and travelers who used the nearby Emigrant Road. By 1859, 28 structures and/or small log buildings existed inside its stockade walls and were used as officer's quarters, a hospital, mess hall, blacksmith shop, store, guard house, library, bowling alley, and a stable for 200 horses and mules. When government claim to the land was relinquished in 1881, local farmers tore down the stockades and most of the buildings. One log building survived and is now located at Fort Crook Museum. Several years of planning and hard work culminated in 2010 for the Fort Crook Historical Society when the reconstruction of the historic Beaver Creek Ranch Round Barn was completed. Hear the details of this impressive project as well as meet key volunteers for the historical society, many of which are family members of the first settlers.
Burney Falls Tour
See the place that Teddy Roosevelt once described as, "The Eighth Natural Wonder of the World". Once you see it for yourself, you'll know why he was so captivated! Located among the towering volcanoes of the Cascade Range, Burney Falls was formed by springs running year round, flowing through the porous basalt left behind by previous eruptions and lava flows. Learn everything you want to know about this beautiful natural site with a Ranger led tour and explore the brand new Visitor Center, opened in May 2015, featuring a variety of exhibits and artifacts that display local history.
Shingletown
Founded as a shingle camp in 1850, Shingletown met the large demand of gold miners for shingles and shakes with an abundance of cedar and sugar pine trees in the area. Shingletown was also strategically located at the junction of three popular roads from east to west, including the Nobles Emigrant Trail. Today, the shingle and shake making camps and the big lumber mills are long gone from the forests around Shingletown, although traces of many of the larger mills can be found in the forest. Emigrant Trail road signs are still posted on the north side of the highway, and if you know where to look, you can still see the ruts in the ground left by the covered wagons as they rolled along. The visit to Shingletown will be one to remember: hosted by the historical society and citizens of Shingletown, you'll enjoy a personalized tour and historical presentation | 1,075 |
Lean Six Sigma is a modern managerial concept and is the combination of two separate methodologies; Lean and Six Sigma. Lean is a methodology designed to improve business by preserving quality and value but with less work and Six Sigma is a system designed<|fim_middle|> recognised certification.
This package will help you to function as a member of a project or process management team, it will also provide you with the opportunity for further growth as the higher levels of both qualifications require the Foundation & Yellow Belt to continue. | to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of errors using statistical methods.
The Define phase defines how projects are chosen, elements of waste are then identified and action items are defined.
This course is for anyone who is looking to make a move into the project or process management/improvement industries. It is also perfect for anyone currently in the industry looking for | 75 |
Jeet Kune Do/ Tactical Self Defense
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Charlotte Cavanaugh
Charlotte Cavanaugh of our Tigers class recently promoted to 2nd Degree Black Belt! Her hard work and dedication have paid off as she is now the highest ranking student in the kid's program! Great work Charlotte! We are so proud of you!
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Fabien C.
Your classes have helped build Kyani's self esteem and have given her another reason to be proud and happy. I hope one day we'll be back creating more wonderful character building experiences for all the kids. Thank you so much!
The American Martial Arts Center offers classes for kids, teens and adults in a fun, encouraging and non-intimidating environment. As someone who has been going here for a few years, I still very much enjoy the classes and feel they are great for the mind, body and soul. Besides having a wealth of Martial Arts experience, the head instructor Bobby has great people skills, making<|fim_middle|>. The studio itself is spacious with a large workout floor, a boxing ring and several heavy bags. Very much recommended, come check it out! | him effective and engaging as a sensei. While students are encouraged to work hard and learn, there is no pressure to do more than you are capable of. Beginners are always welcome and more often than not will fit in right away | 46 |
How/When To Include Your Kids?
I hope you have enjoyed my series on dating after abuse. If you have been dating someone, and you think you may seriously have a future with him,* you may wonder when is the right time to introduce each other to your kids? Also, what is the best way to do this?
I recommend you wait to introduce your kids to your potential husband until you are fairly certain you will marry him. This is to protect your blooming relationship, but mainly to protect your kids. Your children have been through a lot of emotional upheaval in their lives already. They no longer have their original "intact" family unit, so they have suffered the loss of living with both parents. Even if their other parent was abusive, this is a great loss. In addition, they have lived with domestic abuse. Whether their father abused them directly or not, the abuse you experienced will have affected them in many ways. They have their own healing to do. They may have trouble attaching to new adults in their lives. Bringing a potential mate into their life that eventually leaves will be another loss for them. The more people they bond to and later lose, the more trauma they will experience. The more men you date and introduce your kids to, the harder time your kids may have bonding with them, as they get their hopes dashed again and again.
On the flip side, your children may hate the idea of you dating and remarrying anyone. Women often use their children as a kind of barometer, helping them decide whether to marry someone or not. If your children have decided they don't want you to remarry, they may do everything in their power to sabotage your budding relationship. You may mistakenly think there is something wrong with your fellow, and let a wonderful man go, when in reality, the children would treat anyone poorly at first.
My advice is to carry on your dating life apart from your children as much as you possibly can. Meet him at a neutral place as long as you need to, to protect your relationship and your kids. When you have decided he is the one, (and he has shown he is serious about you), then you can introduce him to the children. Both of you should be prepared for the chance your children will react badly. If they do, you will need to work through this together. Don't wait so long to introduce them that the wedding plans are already made and cannot be changed.<|fim_middle|> your potential mate, things may not go as smoothly as you hope. Or they may seem wonderful at first, and get hard once you actually marry (this was my experience). Whatever happens, be prepared for some difficult days ahead. If your relationship with your new spouse is strong, you will be able to weather the storms together with the help of the Lord.
Children are a heritage of the lord, offspring a reward from him.
* This blog is written from the point of view of the woman as the former victim of abuse, but the same principles apply for men. | You don't know how your potential husband will react, and how long you all may need to get used to each other.
Everyone is likely to be nervous. Allow the first meeting to be short, and in a comfortable place. If you have small children, don't take them to a fancy restaurant and expect them to be on "best" behavior for two hours the first time they meet. That is just begging for disaster. Ask your date to be respectful and interested, but not to immediately act like your kids' best friend. He isn't their father, and they may never treat him that way. Right now, he is simply a friend of yours that wants to get to know them as people.
I find adults often don't know how to treat children with respect as people. Sometimes adults are overly friendly with kids, calling them "pal" or "buddy" the first time they meet. Kids hate this. Often adults will try to buy a child's affection, by bringing them gifts, or taking them out for ice cream or for junk food every time they are together. Children may like the gifts, but will often have no respect for the person that does this.
Alternatively, potential step-parents may try to assume a parental role way too early in the relationship, ordering the child around before the couple is even married, mistakenly believing they must "lay down the law" right away. This is also a big mistake. If the child is in your date's home, he can set appropriate boundaries about rules in his home, such as "no jumping on the couch," or "don't pull the dog's tail," but ask him not to go overboard, and ask him to say "please" and "thank you" to your kids, just as you will ask your kids to do the same.
When my second husband and I were dating, I used to bring a board game or two with me to his house when I knew his kids would be there. We would sometimes have a meal together, and then we would play a game or two. If his older kids didn't want to play, we didn't force them. Playing the game gave us a chance to talk while doing something else, taking away some of the awkwardness. When it was time for me to leave, I took the games back home with me. This is just one idea, one that worked for our emerging family.
No matter when you introduce your kids to | 495 |
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THE ELIZABETH BISHOP LEGACY RECORDING
"I Am In Need of Music" is Now Available!
New settings of Elizabeth Bishop poems, created for her one hundredth birthday by a stellar band of Canadian composers!
CD purchase: CentreDisc, ArkivMusic
mp3 album: Amazon
iTunes ____________________________________________
A heart-felt "Thank You!" to everyone who helped us to record the new settings of Elizabeth Bishop poems, created for her centenary by a stellar band of Canadian composers! Your generosity allowed us to supply $37, 851 towards the $60, 000 cost of this project!
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Help us get from our current $37,851 to our goal of $60,000!
Make your contribution via PayPal by clicking the "Donate" button below
Prefer to contribute by cheque? Click here.
And now here is SUZIE LEBLANC to say a few words about our project --
"Home-made, home-made! But aren't we all?"
(from "Crusoe in England," by Elizabeth Bishop)
The Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia is thrilled to be collaborating with internationally renowned soprano Suzie LeBlanc, the sparkling Blue Engine String Quartet, the remarkable conductor/composer/musician Dinuk Wijeratne, and a stellar list of Canadian composers — Christos Hatzis, Alasdair MacLean, Emily Doolittle, and John Plant — in the creation of the Elizabeth Bishop Legacy recording. This recording will comprise new works (see repertoire below), settings of Elizabeth Bishop poems, which were commissioned, created and premiered for the Elizabeth Bishop Centenary (EB100) celebrations in Nova Scotia in 2011. Some of the pieces were performed with Symphony Nova Scotia, conducted by Maestro Bernhard Gueller, on 10 February 2011, as the first event of EB100. Others were premiered at a gala concert on 2 October 2011, in Great Village, N.S., the culmination of the year-long festival. The technical production for our Legacy Project is in the capable hands of producer John Adams [Stonehouse Sound] and Rod Sneddon, recording engineer. None of this can happen though, without your help!
THE REPERTOIRE
Christos Hatzis – "Four songs"
(1) "I am in Need of Music"
(2) "Insomnia"
(3) "The Unbeliever"
(4) "Anaphora"
Alasdair MacLean –
(5) "The Silken Water is Weaving and Weaving" -- instrumental
(6) "Dear, My Compass"
(7) "Close, Close All Night"
(8) "Breakfast Song"
Emily Doolittle –
(9) "A Short Slow Life"
John Plant –
(10) "Sunday 4 A.M."
(11) "Sandpiper"
A PERSONAL MESSAGE FROM SUZIE LEBLANC
I found a leaflet on Elizabeth Bishop in the basement of St. James' Church in Great Village, Nove Scotia, while on tour. I wanted to know more about her and sought a book of her poems in the library a few weeks later. I first read "The Map" and was intrigued by Bishop's sense of observation. She seemed to be able to see the reverse of things, the X-ray version or the negative as in photography, what most of us don't see, or hear.
A few months later, I was sitting in the Ouro Preto Café in Halifax, talking with Sandra Barry, herself a poet and one of the owners of the Elizabeth Bishop House in Great Village. Together, we decided to create a Centenary Festival to honour her and also to reclaim her as a Canadian poet. Bishop herself said: "I am ¾ Canadian and ¼ New Englander". She spent a large part of her youth living in Great Village, where she began primary school, and returned to Nova Scotia as an adult, on holiday. Many of her more famous poems are connected to this land and its people: her mother land.
Thank you for your generosity in making this legacy project come to life so that Bishop can continue to inspire and change people's appreciation of life and art, as she has for me.
HOW WILL YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS BE USED?
The funds will cover the musician's fees, the producer and engineer's fees, post production cost<|fim_middle|> renowned Canadian composers participating in this Legacy Project which has been one of the most significant achievements of the celebrations in Nova Scotia. The Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia is committed to helping create a permanent recording of this beautiful, exciting, inspiring music.
PLEASE HELP US MAKE THIS DREAM COME TRUE!
We would like to thank film-maker Dawn Harwood Jones for her work on Suzie's video, and photographers Jonna Datz and Travis Malay for their contribution of images to it.
Suzie LeBlanc and the Elizabeth Bishop Legacy Recording is a sponsored project of The Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia, a charitable arts organization in Nova Scotia. Contributions by cheque for the purposes of this recording should be made payable to the Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia., and may be sent to
The Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia
Great Village, Nova Scotia B0M 1L0
For Canadian contributors, tax receipts will be issued if requested for part of each contribution $50 or above, to the extent permitted by law. Full name and mailing address are required in order to receive a thank you gift (and/or a Canadian tax receipt, if you would like one.)
Posted by John A. Barnstead at 7:37 AM
THE ELIZABETH BISHOP LEGACY RECORDING _________... | and basic administration costs of the project. If we should exceed our goal, any further money received will be applied to other Elizabeth Bishop Legacy Projects. We will report weekly in a special post to the Elizabeth Bishop Centenary Blog on the progress of our campaign, which is scheduled to conclude on September 30, 2012.
SOME BACKGROUND
Who is Elizabeth Bishop?
Elizabeth Bishop as a Child
Elizabeth Bishop was a Pulitzer Prize-winning poet who was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, on February 8, 1911. Her mother was from Great Village, Nova Scotia, and Elizabeth spent a significant part of her childhood and adolescence there. Her childhood experiences in Canada left indelible marks on her life and art. Many of her most beloved poems and stories are set in Great Village.
Elizabeth Bishop at Balmoral Grist Mill, Nova Scotia, 1972
What is Elizabeth Bishop's Legacy?
Elizabeth Bishop's poems and stories have been translated into many languages. Her poetry is taught in schools and universities across the globe. Dozens of books have been written about her. Plays and films have depicted her life and work. Interest in every aspect of her art continues to intensify. Why? Because she wrote some of the most important, beautiful, moving poetry of the twentieth century. An Elizabeth Bishop poem can change your life.
Elizabeth Bishop herself loved music of all genres. As a young woman she studied piano. A clavichord accompanied her on her many moves. She aspired to write song lyrics, and when living in Brazil, translated and wrote sambas for Carnival. She attended the premiere of famed American composer Elliott Carter's settings of her poems, so she knew and approved of this kind of treatment of her work. The Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia believes that Bishop would have loved the music created under her inspiration by these amazing Canadian composers.
What is the Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia?
The Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia was formed in 1994. Its mandate is to celebrate the life and art of Elizabeth Bishop and to educate Nova Scotians and the world about her enduring connection to Nova Scotia. The Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia is a registered Canadian charitable society, which holds events and engages in projects that advance this mandate.
What was the Elizabeth Bishop Centenary (EB100)?
February 8, 2011, marked the centenary of Elizabeth Bishop's birth. Artists, scholars and readers around the world celebrated this anniversary with readings, lectures, exhibitions, conferences, concerts and festivals. Under the auspices of the Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia and the Elizabeth Bishop Centenary Festival Committee, Nova Scotia was in the forefront of these celebrations. Communities across the province, dozens of artists from a wide range of disciplines, hundreds of volunteers, and thousands of participants of all ages, with the generous support and cooperation of local, provincial and national governmental funding agencies, created a year-long extravaganza unprecedented in the history of Canadian poetry. Much of this activity involved exciting and innovative collaboration between and among artists and local communities.
What did EB100 give us?
One of the most exciting things about EB100 in Nova Scotia was the incredible amount of new work created by a wide range of artists in tribute to, and in honour of, Elizabeth Bishop: writing, painting, photography, film and music. Unquestionably, though, it was the new music inspired by her poetry and created by the | 704 |
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The cast of "The Tale of Rollie Robin" pictured during their recent performance.
College courses are often filled with lengthy lectures and even longer term papers — rarely do students dress up in funny costumes and put on a play to teach elementary schoolers about healthy habits.
A group of students from the University of New Hampshire recently did just that, when they put on the play "The Tale of Rollie Robin" at a local elementary school. The play, based on a story book that is part of a childhood obesity awareness program, tells the story of a bird named Rollie Robin, who has trouble flying because he isn't eating healthy food or getting enough exercise.
Rollie Robin is the brainchild of UNH's William Scott, a professor of applied business management. After his daughter was diagnosed with asthma, Scott created the "Samantha Skunk Smoking Prevention Program" to teach elementary school kids about the dangers of tobacco. When the problem of childhood obesity entered the national stage, Scott used the same type of formula<|fim_middle|> part in one hour or more of exercise and drink no sugary beverages.
During the program, students also are urged to keep a journal of their choices, earning points for making healthy ones (and helping their siblings and parents do the same). Meanwhile, the class helps Rollie fly to his summer home via a 12 foot banner hung on the classroom wall — Rollie makes progress on his journey as the class logs healthy habits.
Scott worked with Raina Ames, an associate professor of theater and dance at UNH, to bring Rollie Robin to life in a way that the book itself might not be able to do. Creating the play also gave Ames the opportunity to give her own students practical experience at crafting educational theater. "Ames loved the idea of having her students learn by doing," Scott says.
Scott adds that he hopes that the Rollie Robin will become a theater production that can be put on by small companies or youth organizations to help spread the little bird's healthy message. | to teach young people healthy eating and exercise habits.
Along with the storybook, the Rollie Robin program is designed to teach kids to make healthy choices every day.
Rollie teaches components such as the importance of eating a healthy breakfast and the 5-2-1-0 concept, which urges youngsters to eat five fruits or vegetables daily, engage in two hours or less of screen time, take | 80 |
SNOW AND SELFLESSNESS
On November 26, 2014 February 18, 2018 By DavidIn UncategorizedLeave a comment
In the previous posting I mentioned the "selflessness" of hokku — how the emphasis is generally (as it should be in hokku) on the experience, not on the writer. In hokku the writer does not draw attention to himself or herself. To do so is felt, by those who have absorbed hokku aesthetics, as too blatant, a failure of taste.
Here is an example — a winter verse by Etsujin:
The first snow;
After seeing it,
I washed my face.
The point of the verse is that the purity of the snow made the writer feel unclean, so he washed his face. R. H. Blyth quite correctly says of this verse, "This is one of those things that should not be said, like Chiyo and her borrowed water."
For those of you who may not recall that verse, here it is (and notice that it feels a bit odd reading it out of season):
Has seized the well bucket;
Borrowing water.
The point of this verse is that the writer, seeing that a morning glory vine has twined around the handle of the well bucket, decides to borrow water from a neighbor instead of removing the vine from the bucket. People may say this shows both the writer's tender heart and her aesthetic nature, and it may be true; but in revealing that, the writer takes us away from the morning glory to her "self." It is not really about a well bucket seized by a morning glory, it is about the writer's personal psychology in reaction to that, just as Etsujin's verse is not about the first snow, it is about his personal psychology in reaction to it. Blyth points out that the problem here is that there is no "poetical" connection between the first part of the verse (the morning glory on the well-bucket) and the second (the writer's reaction and her going to borrow water).
We can say the same of Etsujin's verse. There is no "poetical connection" between seeing the first snow and going to wash one's face. We jump from an experience of Nature to the writer's personal psychology, just as we do in Chiyo-ni's verse. This is a very subtle but also very important point.
In short, when a hokku moves from Nature and the place of humans within and as a part of Nature to a writer's personal psychology, we are leaving the proper realm of hokku.
To help you grasp this aesthetic point, here is a "selfless" winter verse by Bashō:
Waking suddenly;
Ice burst the water jug
In the night.
It would be better in English if rendered more simply and smoothly, for example:
Suddenly waking;
The water jug burst
In the icy night.
It is the writer's personal experience, but because he does not move the focus from the event to his "poetically-unrelated" personal psychology, we not only become the experiencer of waking at the sudden bursting of a frozen water jug, but we also feel no bad taste in the mouth from "too much self" in the verse. The waking at the sudden noise happens naturally and has an immediate natural connection to the breaking of the pot, whereas Etsujin's decision to go wash his face and Chiyo's decision to leave the vine alone and go borrow water from a neighbor do not have that intimate, natural connection. We could say that any human would be likely to waken when startled by the crack of frozen water breaking a pot in the night, but not any human would decide to wash the face after seeing a first snowfall or would decide to go borrow water on finding one's well bucket tangled with morning glory vine.
In modern haiku — a kind of mutated contemporary offshoot of the old hokku, created largely through a misperception of it in the 20th century — it is common for a writer to dwell on personal psychology. But that is modern haiku with its shotgun blast of widely varying standards, not hokku. Hokku aesthetics are more subtle, more profound.
It is worth noting that the presence of the words "I," "me," "my" and "mine" are not always a guide to the too-obvious presence of "self" in hokku. It all depends on where the focus of the verse lies, and whether the reaction of the writer to an event is "poetically connected" to the event, or whether it takes us off into the writer's personal psychology and so away from a "universal" (or nearly so) connection with the event.
This is all something you may not have given thought to previously, but it is very significant in the aesthetics of hokku. The concept may seem difficult at first, but if you read enough hokku, it becomes second nature to notice when there is too much "self," too much personal psychology in a verse.
Here are the originals for those who like to see them:
Hatsuyuki wo mite kara kao wo arai-keri
First-snow wo seeing after face wo washed
Asagao ni tsurube torarete morai-mizu
Morning-glory by well-bucket seized borrow-water
Kame wareru yoru no kōri no nezame kana
Jug broken night's ice 's waking kana
HOKUSHI'S POND STARS
On November 26, 2014 November 26, 2014 By DavidIn UncategorizedLeave a comment
A winter verse by Hokushi:
Stars on the pond;
Again the patter
Of winter rain.
It is a chilly winter night. The rain has ceased, and one can see the silver stars reflected on the still dark surface of the pond. But suddenly there is the patter of rain again, and the stars on the water blur and fade as the rain increases.
Where is the writer in this? Of course rationally we know he had to be there to experience the event, but it is the great virtue of hokku that in such verses the writer disappears completely, replaced by the reader, who becomes the experiencer of the stars on the pond, the beginning patter of raindrops, the shaking and blurring of the pond stars.
Because of its lack of emphasis on "I" and "me," hokku enables the reader to become the experience. One must make this adjustment to really enter into the spirit of hokku, to give up the obsession with "I saw," "I heard," "I felt." That is why "selflessness" is an important part of hokku. Because of that, the writer must get out of the way, must disappear, and just let Nature speak.
In this de-emphasis on the writer, hokku is generally quite different than most Euro-American verse, which often focuses on "I," "me," and "my." It does not mean hokku never uses these words, but they are used seldom, and when used are presented objectively, as one would discuss a leaf or a dog or the wind.
Here is the original transliterated and with a rather literal translation:
Ike no hoshi mata harahara to shigure kana
Pond 's stars again falls to winter-rain kana
You can see that the original does not use the sound word "patters," but rather uses a word (harahara) that means to fall down in a sequence of drops, or of flakes in the case of snow.
We could translate:
Again drops of rain
Begin to fall.
Once more the rain
Begins to fall.
Why no "winter" in the second two options? Because each hokku in English comes with its seasonal classification, so from that we know that the rain is "winter" rain, without having to say so in the verse (though we can if we wish).
Remember that when sharing a verse, the seasonal classification goes with it, like this:
That enables a number of hokku to be easily classified by season when collecting or anthologizing them.
There are many possible variations in translating a hokku. My emphasis here, however, is on learning<|fim_middle|> the long bridge, hurrying to the get to the end and to some possible shelter.
Now let's see what the verse would have been without the strong action added by the rain and the running:
That kind of verse, again, is dull. It has some action in the crossing people, but not enough to make it worthwhile. It is very ordinary, and does not enable us to see crossing the bridge in a new way. And it is also important to note that even though we know it is set in (early) winter, there is not a connection to the season in the verse that makes us really feel it. That connection is added by the rain, which at that time of year would have been cold and strong and unpleasant, thus the hurrying to get out of it in Jōsō's original.
Remember that if a hokku merely shows us a common, everyday scene, it is likely to be uninteresting. How do we change that?
We have seen that one can add interest by using strong action, but also very important is the second way of adding interest mentioned earlier, and it is a basic principle: to make a subject interesting, we should show it in a new way, show it differently than we usually see and experience it. And that is what Jōsō has done with the subject of the long bridge at Seta.
That is, in fact, what the block print artist Hiroshige did with his visual rendering of that same bridge. Instead of depicting it on a pleasant spring or summer day, he rendered it in rain. His version, however, is a bit more placid than Jōsō's verse, and though pleasant, it does not have quite the strong effect of the hokku, as you can see. That is partly because we do not find in it such an emphasis on scurrying crowds as we find in the hokku.
For those interested in the Japanese version, it is:
Ikutari ka shigure kakenuku seta no hashi
how-many people ? cold-rain running across Seta 's bridge
Shigure is the cold rain that falls in late autumn-winter; kakenuku means to run all the way across or to something.
AS THOUGH A HUNDRED YEARS OLD: BASHO'S FALLEN LEAVES
On November 5, 2014 November 5, 2014 By DavidIn UncategorizedLeave a comment
There is a hokku attributed to Bashō that is brief in Japanese but requires considerably more words in English to make sense. You can see why if I translate it literally:
Hyakunen no keshiki wo niwa no ochiba kana
Hundred-years 's scene wo garden 's fallen-leaves kana
Given that wo is a grammatical particle and kana is just a filler word indicating at best a pause for reflection, the actual content of the verse comes down to this:
hundred-year's scene garden's fallen leaves
How do we translate such a verse into English? Perhaps
A scene
A hundred years old:
The garden in fallen leaves.
Or one could do it like this, translating the meaning rather than being very literal:
It looks to be
A hundred years old —
The garden of fallen leaves.
Or perhaps, varying that slightly,
It looks as though
Blyth, as usual, does a superb job of conveying the meaning, though his translation adds a word ("temple") not in the original:
A hundred years old it looks,
This temple garden,
With its fallen leaves.
The significance of the verse conveys the feeling of early winter after the leaves have nearly all fallen. You will recall, if you read regularly here, that aesthetically and in terms of Yin and Yang, winter corresponds to very old age and death. We feel in it a sense of time and age, and that is what Bashō is saying — that the garden with its near-bare branches and ground covered with dry leaves gives the feeling of something very old, of something in which a sense of life and energy seem long to have departed.
It is a feeling akin to that in the poem L'infinito (The Infinite) of Giacomo Leopardi, when he says,
…e mi sovvien l'eterno,
e le morte stagioni…
"And I recall the eternal, and the dead seasons…"
CRIES OF WILD GEESE: A HOKKU FOR THE BEGINNING OF WINTER
On November 3, 2014 November 3, 2014 By DavidIn Uncategorized1 Comment
A foggy morning;
From somewhere above,
Cries of wild geese.
This is the time of year when I am often pleasantly surprised, when out walking in the morning, by the cries of migrating flocks of geese and ducks passing high overhead. It is also a time of frequent fog.
I often wonder how many out there are learning or practicing hokku. I know that still, comparatively speaking, few people even know what it is.
As I often repeat, hokku are about Nature and the place of humans within and as a part of Nature, set in the context of the seasons.
Unlike modern haiku, the hokku accepts certain boundaries. It does not include violence or sex or romance or other such things that disturb the mind, because hokku is a "contemplative" kind of verse. It also avoids emphasis on the writer, and tends to use the words "I" "me" and "my" seldom. When talking about one's self, it is treated in the same objective way one would talk about a tree, a stone, or a fox.
Hokku at times has a subtle humor, but never the "milk spurting out the nose" kind of intentionally funny poetry such as limericks.
Underlying all of the practice of hokku, all its verses, is a sense of transience, of the passage of time and the impermanence of all things. Impermanence is the character of everything in the universe, from the life of a mayfly to that of stars. Being set in the seasons, hokku has an inherent sense of time and its movements, and that is why we pay attention to the Hokku Calendar, which approximates very closely the old agricultural calendar of the British Isles and elsewhere.
Hokku also keeps us aware, in this impermanence, of the interplay of the two cosmic forces, Yin and Yang, and how they manifest in the changing seasons.
Now we have entered the last phase in the declining of Yang energies from their height in summer. We are moving into the increasing Yin of winter.
All hokku have a longer part and a shorter part, separated by an appropriate punctuation mark. The longer part may come first or second, whatever works best.
A hokku in English begins each line with a capital letter, and ends with another appropriate punctuation mark.
In today's hokku the short part comes at the beginning:
Then follows the longer part:
Notice that even though the two parts of the hokku are separated by an appropriate punctuation mark, there may be more than one punctuation mark in the body of the verse. Only one of them, however, functions as the separating mark or "cut" between the longer and shorter parts of the verse.
Hokku is not difficult to write. It does, however, require one to follow certain aesthetic guidelines, such as those already mentioned. Once one gets the spirit of these, then hokku becomes quite easy.
It is a very important verse form for these times in which there are so many threats to Nature and to world climate, and in which people are increasingly alienated from Nature and from the cycle of the seasons. It takes us away from materialism and back to the basic and important things in life.
WINTER BEGINS: THE SEASON
Winter begins;
The hilltop trees
Vanish in fog.
Yes, according to the Hokku calendar and the old European agricultural calendar, now that we have passed Halloween, winter has begun. It certainly seems like it where I am, because the skies are dim and grey, clouds are low, and now and then a cold rain falls.
Winter, in the Hokku Year, is the time when one turns inward, a time for introspection. That is so because in Nature, winter is the time when people were (and still are, to some extent) often secluded because of bad weather, cold and snow.
It is a time when contrasts become very obvious — the warmth of an indoor fire when frost laces the windowpanes with icy ferns, a warm cup of something on a cold morning, stars shining in the long, dark nights.
Winter becomes the bleakest time in the year, spare and austere, and so it is the time when small comforts are most highly appreciated — good food and helpful friends and warm blankets.
In the daily cycle, winter corresponds to the middle of the night;
In human life, winter corresponds to very old age and death, because it is the time when we see the plants advanced in withering or standing dead and dry in the frosty fields. It is the time when the sap of life has fallen in the trees, when life and energy have left leaves and branches and return to the root.
So that is winter, a time of turning inward, of returning to the root. In writing hokku, it is a good time to notice opposites, warmth versus cold, light versus darkness, sounds versus silence, motion versus stillness, because such things are very much in keeping with the nature of the season. It is also a good time to write about solitude.
Winter brings the further lowering of the arc of the sun across the sky, a continued weakening of the Yang energies in Nature until they reach their lowest point. And then in midwinter a spark of Yang appears, the Wheel of the Year continues to turn, the arc of the sun slowly ascends again, and the cycle begins anew. | to write new hokku in English. So what we learn from this is that there are many, many different ways to arrange and present the elements of a hokku. When composing we can can move and change nouns and verbs and the order of things until we arrive at an arrangement that best conveys an experience. We should pay attention not only to meaning, but also to sound.
NO SKY, NO EARTH…
On November 25, 2014 November 27, 2014 By DavidIn Uncategorized1 Comment
A repeat of one of my favorite old winter hokku, by Hashin — clear, direct, simple, and very effective:
No sky, no earth;
Only snow
Ceaselessly falling.
For those who may not have experienced a good snowstorm, this hokku is an excellent description. The boundaries of sky and ground disappear, and one feels as though standing in the midst of a vast, cold universe of falling snow. One even has the sensation of floating upward while standing still, due to the motion of the snow.
Often people try to use too many words in writing hokku, try to say too much when, as the saying goes, "less is more." Remember that one of the characteristics of hokku is simplicity.
Here is the transliterated original and a rather literal translation:
Ten mo chi mo nashi ni yuki no furishikeri
Heaven too earth too are-not at snow's falling-incessantly
ANCIENT LAKE? OLD POND? AND HOW MANY DUCKS?
I often mention how the verses of Masaoka Shiki, paradoxically considered the "founder" of modern haiku, were actually for the most part just the old hokku under a different name. They certainly bear little resemblance to much that is written as "modern haiku" today in English and European languages.
Modern haiku (except for some conservative writers) has largely abandoned the connection to Nature and the seasons so essential to hokku. But Shiki not only kept the old traditional "season words," but also, for the most part (though he stretched the envelope now and then) kept the link with Nature. Modern haiku is definitely not Shiki's notion of haiku.
Shiki's "Nature" verses tend to be pleasant, though they also tend to be "illustrations," not surprising, given that he was strongly influenced by the open-air sketches and paintings popular in European art of his day. One could say that in essence Shiki's approach to hokku was to regard it as "sketches from Nature." That is why I always say that his better verses remind us of the woodblock illustrations of such Japanese artists as Hasui and Yoshida.
Today's verse demonstrates the difficulty sometimes encountered in translating Japanese verses into acceptable English. Here is Shiki's verse literally translated:
Furuike no oshidori ni yuki furu yūbe kana
Old-pond 's mandarin-ducks on snow falls evening kana
As you can see, the meaning is quite simple and straightforward. It is:
On the mandarin ducks on the old pond, snow falls; evening.
It is easy to see why I say that many of Shiki's verses are largely illustrations, if pleasant illustrations. One can easily imagine a woodblock print of mandarin ducks on a lake in falling snow.
Kana is just the "filler" word that Shiki used (one might say over-used) repeatedly in his verses.
The difficulty, of course, is that English, in this case, requires more space than the form of the hokku ordinarily permits. So if we want to say what Shiki is saying, but in English hokku, we end up either with something with an overlong line, like this:
On the old pond's mandarin ducks;
or with an abbreviation like this:
Snow falls
On the ducks in the pond;
Of course we have left out that they are specifically "mandarin" ducks, and we have left out that the pond is "old," so much has been lost, and it is hardly a satisfactory rendering.
R. H. Blyth (that clever fellow) used the content of Shiki's verse, but presented it quite differently, thus managing to come up with a very acceptable alternative (I have changed his internal punctuation mark), but it still feels a bit overlong:
Evening snow falling;
A pair of mandarin ducks
On an ancient lake.
He does not say, as Shiki does, that the snow is falling on the ducks. He simply tells us that evening snow is falling, and then presents us with the scene of mandarin ducks on an ancient lake. The mind of the reader automatically connects this with the falling snow, so the reader sees the snow falling on the mandarin ducks on the ancient lake, as Shiki intended.
Blyth thought it better in this case to use "ancient lake" instead of "old pond," even though Shiki employs the same furu-ike term used in Bashō's famous "Old Pond" hokku). He also specifies the number of mandarin ducks (a pair), which Shiki did not. However in Asian culture, mandarin ducks are believed to mate for life, and are naturally thought of in male-female pairs.
I would simplify Blyth's rendering slightly, like this:
Evening snow;
On the old pond.
That leaves it up to the reader to see the snow falling, and it eliminates some of the awkwardness of length.
I discuss this today not so much to present the difficulties encountered at times in translating old verses as to demonstrate the usefulness of moving the elements of a hokku around, of re-arranging their order and of trying different possibilities, so that one might get the best "fit" when writing original hokku in English.
A TIME OF GHOSTS: I HOPE YOU WILL READ IT
Many of you probably do not know that I wrote a book with a long-time friend of mine, the account of his years growing up in China. It begins before the Communist Revolution and continues into the terrible upheaval that was known euphemistically as the "Great Cultural Revolution." He related it to me in many conversations, and I made a book of it.
If you are like me, you probably have little interest in politics but a lot of interest in human rights and freedom of thought and of speech. What would you do if your rights were ripped away? What if you could not speak freely, if you had to watch every word uttered to another person, and found you had to be wary of what you said even to many who were supposed to be friends? What if such a simple act as complaining about the heat of the sun on your neck while working was taken by those in authority as treasonous, and you were punished accordingly? What if your house was invaded, your belongings stolen, all with government approval, and you were forcibly shipped far into a remote, strange and barren countryside?
I found that my friend had personally experienced the living hell that China became in those days. He learned firsthand what it is like to exist under a totalitarian regime that permits no dissension, punishes at will, and practices the most blatant forms of mind control.
Nonetheless, in spite of the darkness of those years, in spite of the suffering and betrayal, on his long odyssey through China he encountered rare people now and then, individuals like sparks of light in the shadows, people who helped him to endure.
I hope that those of you who have devices on which to read digital books will read this account. Because I want as many to read it as possible, I made it available at a deliberately very low cost through such places as Amazon.com, BarnesandNoble.com, Ebookit.com, etc. I think it will be quite different than anything you have previously encountered.
The book is called A Time of Ghosts. You will find it listed under both my friend's name (Hok-Pang Tang) and mine (David Coomler) If you read it, you will know why I consider it to be a very significant and important story of one man adrift amid a sea of sorrows in Communist China, one story that has survived out of countless personal stories of that period that have not.
It took a long, long time and a great deal of work to write this book. I devoted so much time and labor to it because I felt the story of Hok-Pang Tang's life to be not only of historical significance but also a remarkable and enthralling tale of human endurance, a story that should not be lost.
I hope you will read it. And after you read it, I would very much like to know your reaction. If you check the entry on Amazon.com, you will see that it has received excellent reader reviews.
TranslationCraft says:
Hi David — I bought this book last year when you first announced it and I'm glad to see you reminding us about it again.
This is a stunning piece of work. I even cried in some places, imagining the sense of entrapment Hok-Pang felt in a surreal world where all values are turned inside out.
I am so grateful that you wrote down Hok-Pang's life story for the world to read. I think it deserves the widest possible audience; perhaps there are other on-line magazines or blog that would be interested in reviewing it. His story should not be ignored, not just because of the light it sheds on a crucial period of history that was long shrouded from Western eyes, but also because of the human dimension of tragedy, endurance, despair, and heroic hope.
Thank you, David, for your generosity in laboring to put together "A Time of Ghosts" and making it available to all of us. I know you put enormous time and energy into preserving Hok-Pang's story; please be assured that it was not in vain, either for his memory or our enlightenment.
Catherine Howard
P.S. Readers with ordinary computers or laptops can download the digital book as well; all the major book vendors now provide free software to do so, meaning those without Kindles or Nooks or iPads etc. can access it just as easily.
SANTA'S LITTLE HELPERS…OR NOT SO LITTLE
It is that time of the year again. Nederland (the Netherlands) is having its annual controversy over Zwarte Piet, the very black fellow with bright clothing, ruffed collar, brilliant red smile and golden earrings who follows St. Nicholas around and does his dirty work. Or rather who once did his dirty work, leaving coals in the stockings of misbehaving children on St. Nicholas day, or threatening to pop them in his sack and take them back to Spain or to Turkey, where St. Nicholas was originally from. Now he is more likely to dance happily around with numbers of Zwarte Piet clones, dispensing pepernoten (a kind of cookie) to children and being a jolly and charming figure. Zwarte Piet has grown soft.
I don't want to get involved in the controversy over whether Zwarte Piet ("Black Piet") is a racist figure. As with many things, it is in the eye of the beholder. He is racist to those who see him as such, and a beloved folk character to those who do not — de geliefde helper van Sinterklaas — "the beloved helper of St. Nicholas." Perceptions differ, and the outcome is up to the Dutch. In one form or another, he will likely survive.
Zwarte Piet, however, is just one manifestation of the "helper" characters who appear in the calendar period from mid November into the Yuletide season, and they reveal how the celebrations of this time of year have picked up all kinds of accretions over the centuries.
St. Nicholas — through his more secular incarnation as Santa Claus — has become intimately associated with the Christmas celebration in the United States and a number of other countries. Originally, however, he had nothing to do with Christmas. He was a popular saint who was believed to multitask in helping everyone from sailors to merchants, and in Russia one could consider him THE most prominent religious figure after Jesus and Mary.
Oddly enough, almost all of his biography is fictional. He may well have been a 4th century bishop of Myra in Asia Minor (now Turkey), but everything else about him is highly to obviously dubious. Nonetheless, as we have seen, he became a prominent saint in the days when the veneration of saints and prayers to them were an accepted practice.
In the Netherlands he made his annual appearance on December 6th, arriving from Spain (a detail that entered the story due to the previous Spanish — and Catholic — invasion of the Netherlands). In spite of the fact that the Dutch became largely Calvinist Protestant, the St. Nicholas celebration was retained, and on St. Nicholas Eve he visited houses to stand in judgment on which children had been good and which bad. The good were rewarded, and the bad might receive a coal instead of a gift, or be threatened with abduction by Zwarte Piet.
Go southeast however, into places like Austria and the Czech Republic, and the helper of St. Nicholas takes on a different guise. He is no longer a "moor" like Zwarte Piet; instead he is a large and frightening hairy, bestial figure with long, goat-like horns on his head, and a very long and red tongue; he is the terrifying Krampus, sometimes with one foot a hoof and the other like a clawed bear paw. He carries switches and chains, but sometimes also a basket with fruits for well-behaved children.
Here is an illustration of Krampus menacing an obviously worried child, from a 1900 Austrian postcard. The inscription reads "GREETINGS FROM THE KRAMPUS."
The Krampus traditionally appears on the 5th of December, which you will recall is the old St. Nicholas Eve. In some regions large numbers of Krampuses wander the streets and byways, jingling with cowbells, striking at those they encounter with their switches. Some even carry wooden tubs like a grape-picker's tub on their backs, just the right size to fill with a naughty child to be carried off. Their procession through the streets is called the Krampuslauf. Just what the Krampus looks like varies from place to place.
Now if all this sounds like the Perchten, the wild spirits of the mountains that come down into alpine villages in winter, clanging with cowbells and making their Perchtenlauf through the streets while threatening and punishing passers-by, it is because the Krampus is very akin to them. Both go back in spirit to pre-Christian times, and a more animistic way of thinking. The Perchten, however, come during the "Raw Nights," between December 25th and January 6th.
In some regions the Krampus is called a "devil," but of course devil figures are traditionally given animal (and pre-Christian) characteristics such as horns and hooves, and the Christians decided early on to relegate the gods of the non-Christians to demon/devil status.
In other places, the figure who comes is Knecht Ruprecht (Servant Ruprecht), a bearded man dressed in brown robe and hood and carrying a staff or long bundle of twigs, and sometimes belled like Krampus and the Perchten. His job is, like theirs, to scare and punish disobedient children, though like the modern Zwarte Piet, he has softened a bit.
In any case, in contemporary times Zwarte Piet and elsewhere the Krampus may show up as early as middle to late November.
It is interesting that the old animistic "scary" figures like the Krampus are making a comeback, and have begun appearing in places where they were not previously known, like the United States. Yesterday I was in the big local bookshop, which had already put out its holiday cards. Among them was a bright and obvious box of Krampus cards.
EVEN THE CROW…
Bashō wrote two very similar winter hokku, using a different technique in each.
You will recall that in winter, hokku using opposites are often effective (as they are in summer) by presenting us with contrasting elements. Bashō does that in the first verse, which I will give in a very literal form:
Usually hateful,
Even a crow…
That is rather cryptic to a Western reader, because we are unaccustomed to having to fill in the blanks. Many hokku, however, rely on implying something without stating it directly, and the reader is expected to make that intuitive leap. In some verses it it easy, but in others no one is quite sure what the writer intended, so demanding excessive intuitiveness of the reader can ruin a verse. And in any case, Westerners generally prefer "plain talk" and things stated clearly and simply. It is a cultural difference.
That is why R.H. Blyth, in translating this verse, added to the original, making it:
The usually hateful crow,
This morn of snow!
But as you see, the original does not say "how beautiful." I think I would go with a more understated rendering:
Even the crow is appealing —
The setting is the snowy morning. The subject is, of course, the usually hateful crow, and the action is "appealing." We are using "action" very loosely here. You will recall that in the standard setting/subject/action hokku, the action is something moving or changing. Here the change is that the crow has gone from being hateful to being appealing.
It is probably obvious to you that the reason this hokku is somewhat successful is that it contrasts the blackness of the crow with the whiteness of the snow, so we have a Yin (black) Yang (white) contrast here.
It is only a small step from that verse to one that does not use such a striking contrast, but is nonetheless based on the same notion — that a new snowfall makes ordinary things look different than usual:
We even
Look at horses —
Horses, in Bashō's day, were very ordinary things, used for travel and for carrying loads. He is saying that in the context of snow, even the everyday horses take on an unexpected interest for us.
Bashō could have combined notions from the two verses like this, avoiding the "usually hateful" in the first example:
Becomes appealing;
As an English verse, I like that better than either of the originals. It not only eliminates the rather awkward and obvious "usually hateful," but it also takes advantage of the "harmony of contrasts" that often makes for strong winter hokku.
If we want to avoid the repetition of the -ing sound that ends the second and third lines, we could make a more substantial change:
A snowy dawn;
Has become appealing.
In a verse as brief as hokku, every change gives a slightly different effect.
Did you notice that both of Bashō's verses happen at morning? There is a reason for that. He wants to give the impression of a fresh snowfall, a new time when we see old things in a new way. And seeing ordinary things in a new way is, you will recall, one of the keys to writing effective hokku.
Here are the originals in transliteration and literal translation. I am putting this at the end so it can be easily skipped by those not interested in the linguistic details. It is important to remember that one need know nothing at all about Japanese to write hokku in English, but one must know the principles, techniques, and aesthetics of writing hokku in English:
Higoro nikuki karasu mo yuki no ashita kana
Usualy hateful crow even snow 's morning kana
Uma wo sae nagamuru yuki no ashita kana
Horse[s] wo even look snow 's morning kana
Keep in mind that Japanese does not specify number; so one can translate "crow" or "crows," "horse" or "horses." In most verses the singular is to be preferred, but now and then the plural. The principle in hokku is that one thing is generally felt to be more significant than many things, because it focuses the attention. One thing is often used when looking at an event closely, and more than one when looking from farther away.
ETSUJIN'S GREY HAIR: SUBTLETY IN HOKKU
It is important to know that not all old hokku provide good models for writing, nor were they all — even those we find in books today — good hokku.
Now and then we find among these old verses a tendency to over-dramatization and over-emotionalizing. It exists not only among "ordinary" writers like Jōsō, but is also found in Bashō, who in spite of his reputation wrote far more forgettable than memorable hokku.
Here is an example from Jōsō:
Colder than snow —
The winter moon
On white hair.
Or we could make it less literal:
The winter moonlight
What is wrong with it? From my perspective, it is exaggerated and striving for effect. Jōsō wants to make a statement about time and old age, but in hokku it is best to be more objective, to present an event that arouses the mind of the reader but does not try to manipulate it.
Here is an example of similar hyperbole from Bashō. One has the feeling his sentiments were sincere, but still there is an overwhelming sense of artificiality:
If taken in hand,
Hot tears would melt it —
Autumn frost.
One has to know the context (a bad sign in hokku) in order to understand the verse. Bashō was looking at white hairs of his deceased mother, shown to him by his brother. So the "autumn frost" in the verse really signifies his dead mother's white hair.
It is possible in hokku to write "occasion" verses that refer simultaneously to two different things (like white hair and frost in this verse), but when doing it, one must be careful that such a verse works well on both levels. This verse fails, because on the most important level (the objective), it is too much influenced by the other, subjective level. We know that subjectively, the white hairs would not melt in Bashō's hand, that he is exaggerating; and there seems no point to saying the obvious on the objective level — that hot tears will melt autumn frost.
In hokku one has to be very careful not to strive too much for an effect, and one must also be careful to focus on things rather than emotions. One lets things speak for themselves in arousing the mind of the reader, which will create the appropriate emotion without the need for the writer be too blatant in attempting to evoke it.
Etsujin shows us how to write a hokku that does what both Jōsō and Bashō failed to do in the above verses:
The ending year;
I hid my grey hair
From my father.
Etsujin has just objectively presented an event, but nonetheless one can feel everything that is behind it, with no sense of overstatement, no sense of artificiality. What he gives us here is something that young people may not yet understand, but it is something that older people naturally feel — that there is something unexpectedly troubling in aged parents suddenly seeing their children aging as well. I did not really understand this verse until, one day after a long absence, I visited my mother, and suddenly had the inexplicable feeling that it was somehow unkind to let her see, in her old age, the signs of age in myself — the increasingly grey hairs on my head. It quite surprised me, and Etsujin's verse became clear. Sometimes one must grow into a hokku to understand it.
To summarize, it is generally best to be objective and subtle in hokku, particularly when conveying emotion. Being too flagrant is in bad taste because it gives an unpleasant effect somewhat equivalent to the English term "maudlin."
It is worth recalling the connection between old age (white hair) and winter. You will remember that the season of winter corresponds to very old age and death, because it is the "death" of Nature in the cycle of the year, the ending of one cycle prior to the beginning of another.
For those wanting originals, here they are:
Yuki yori mo samushi shiraga ni fuyu no tsuki
Snow more mo cold white-hair on winter's moon
Te mo toreba kien namida zo atsuki aki no shimo
Hand if take, vanish tears zo hot autumn 's frost
Yuku toshi ya oya ni shiraga wo kakushikeri
Departing year ya father at white-hair wo hid
MORE THAN JUST A PICTURE: ADDING INTEREST TO HOKKU
On November 9, 2014 January 10, 2017 By DavidIn Uncategorized1 Comment
I usually avoid presenting hokku here that are specifically Japanese in location, in favor of more general subject matter. But today I want to talk about a such a verse because it is helpful in learning how to bring interest into one's hokku.
If I were to present a hokku about Oneonta Gorge or the Columbia palisades, it might mean something to people in my area, but it would mean little to people in other parts of the country or of the world, because they would not know the sites and so no clear corresponding image would arise in their minds. That is why I generally counsel that it is often best to avoid naming specific places in hokku; it is then easier for people in other regions to relate to a verse.
Jōsō wrote a hokku about the once-famous long bridge at Seta in Japan, or rather I should say that he wrote a hokku set at that bridge. His hokku is really about more, and that is what makes it interesting.
Suppose we just give the reader a subject, like this:
Seta Bridge;
If the reader is familiar with that bridge (and most educated Japanese would have been), it would evoke an image in the mind, but it would do little more. So how does one make such a subject interesting?
Two ways to do this are:
1. See the subject in a "new" way, a way different from what is ordinary.
2. Add action.
Beginning with the second, what exactly is action in hokku? It is how we bring something to life and make it more interesting. Action is something moving or changing — even if it is changing slowly. Of course the more rapid the action, the more striking it tends to be.
In writing today's hokku, Jōsō used three basic elements: Seta Bridge, rain, and people.
If we use only the first, we get just a rather static image of the bridge in the mind, as we have already seen.
If we use the first and second, that adds something, but not a lot:
Many people
are on it.
It is common for beginners to write hokku like that, not realizing that two such elements are not enough in themselves to create interest in the mind of the reader. So how did Jōsō do it? To the bridge and the people he added movement, in fact very strong movement, by adding rain and not just people, but scurrying people. Here is his verse:
So many people
Running across in the rain —
Seta Bridge.
We have the bridge, we have the people, we have the rain, and we have the action of running. That makes it interesting because it now has life and movement.
The bridge at Seta was an unusually long wooden bridge across water. This was in the pre-auto days when traffic across it would have been mostly by foot. So this is the scene:
Being on the bridge, those crossing are openly exposed to the elements, and when a cold winter shower begins to pour down upon them, they dash and scurry all the way across | 5,844 |
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Zoe Rossi, age 3, has graduated from the Otter class level. She can now swim independently from the wall to the instructor and roll on her back for a security breath. She will be moving to the Seal class to perfect her kicking skills with improved breath control. On behalf of Zoe's instructor, David, and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Zoe!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Alexis Medrano, age 8, has graduated from the Seal class level. She is now considered a proficient back yard swimmer with the ability to swim three widths of our pool (30 yards total) with a strong kick and great breath control, Alexis can also jump from the side, get a breath on her back, and return to the side of the pool as a habit of safety. She will be moving to the Sea Lion class to receive an introduction to the freestyle stroke with an emphasis placed on "big arms". On behalf of Alexis's instructor, Chelsea, and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Alexis!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Amber Zacherson, age 5, has graduated from the Otter class level. She can now swim independently from the wall to the instructor and roll on her back for a security breath. She will be moving to the Seal class to perfect her kicking skills with improved breath control. On behalf of Amber's instructor, Chelsea, and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Amber!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Parth Bhakta, age 10, has graduated from the Seal class level. He is now considered a proficient back yard swimmer with the ability to swim three widths of our pool (30 yards total) with a strong kick and great breath control, Parth can also jump from the side, get a breath on his back, and return to the side of the pool as a habit of safety. He will be moving to the Sea Lion class to receive an introduction to the freestyle stroke with an emphasis placed on "big arms". On behalf of Parth's instructor, Chelsea, and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Parth!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Evan Punches, age 6, has graduated from the Sea Lion class level. He can now display the ability to swim a basic freestyle stroke (otherwise known as "big arms") while taking a breath on his back. He is prepared for the Porpoise class where he will learn the freestyle side breathing technique and backstroke. On behalf of Evan's instructor, Lorraine, and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say<|fim_middle|> Jenkins, age 5, has graduated from the Sea Lion class level. She can now display the ability to swim a basic freestyle stroke (otherwise known as "big arms") while taking a breath on her back. She is prepared for the Porpoise class where she will learn the freestyle side breathing technique and backstroke. On behalf of Lexi's instructor, Allison , and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Lexi!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Marley Deems, age 9, has graduated from the Porpoise class level. She has learned to swim a proper freestyle stroke with the side breathing technique and backstroke. She is now ready for the Dolphin class where she will learn breaststroke and butterfly. On behalf of Marley's instructor, Lorraine, and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Marley!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Maya Williams, age 6, has graduated from the Otter class level. She can now swim independently from the wall to the instructor and roll on her back for a security breath. She will be moving to the Seal class to perfect her kicking skills with improved breath control. On behalf of Maya's instructor, Chelsea , and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Maya! | …CONGRATULATIONS Evan!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Eliza Punches, age 4, has graduated from the Seal class level. She is now considered a proficient back yard swimmer with the ability to swim three widths of our pool (30 yards total) with a strong kick and great breath control, Eliza can also jump from the side, get a breath on her back, and return to the side of the pool as a habit of safety. She will be moving to the Sea Lion class to receive an introduction to the freestyle stroke with an emphasis placed on "big arms". On behalf of Eliza's instructor, Allison, and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Eliza!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Kaden James, age 6, has graduated from the Otter class level. He can now swim independently from the wall to the instructor and roll on his back for a security breath. He will be moving to the Seal class to perfect his kicking skills with improved breath control. On behalf of Kaden's instructor, Allison , and the entire EVO Swim School staff, we say…CONGRATULATIONS Kaden!
EVO Swim School is pleased to announce that Lexi | 262 |
The library does not issue library cards but you must register at the Circulation<|fim_middle|> paper. Thomas University encourages faculty and students, as guardians of the environment, to reduce paper usage as much as possible by saving to a cloud or network and sharing documents online. Dropbox and Google Drive are two examples of document hosting and sharing programs.
The library generously allows students to print up to 350 pages per semester. We charge ¢10/page after the student has reached the 350 page limit. Photocopies are not included in this and cost ¢10/page for black and white and ¢25/page for color.
Can I take a ProctorU test in the library?
Yes, you can take your proctor test in one of our two private rooms. The private rooms are available on a first-come first-served basis and can be reserved at the Circulation desk for up to 3 hours. The TU Library has one laptop that is Proctor-test compatible that is available to check out on a first-come first-served basis.
Can I use the library after I graduate?
Yes, we can change your status from student to community user when you are no longer a student as long as you still reside in the Thomasville area. You may still check out library materials for up to 2 weeks and use the library computers. However, interlibrary loan materials must be requested through your public library. Printing costs ¢10/page.
The library does not offer faxing services.
The GALILEO password is needed for current students, Faculty, and Staff wishing to do research off-campus. It can be found on the Anywhere Access page by logging in with your TU credentials.
Are there any classrooms in the library?
Where is the Genealogy Library located?
What are the Genealogy Library Hours? | desk with a TU ID or driver's license to check out library materials.
How long can I check out books and DVDs?
All students may check out books, DVDs, and other media for three weeks; community users for two weeks. You may also renew materials up to two times. Students can check out 10 items at a time and community members can check out 5 items at a time. TU Faculty and Staff can check out up to 20 items for the current semester.
If I need a book that is already checked out can I place a hold on that item?
Yes, all registered users may place holds within the TU Catalog by logging into their account.
How much do you charge for overdue fines?
All students and community users are charged $.10/day for overdue books and $.25/day for overdue DVDs and media.
Do you have laptops or camcorders for checkout?
Yes, currently enrolled students and faculty can check out cameras, Kindles, audio recorders, laptops, and camcorders. At this time only faculty can check out projectors and projector screens.
I pay a technology fee to the university so why do I have to pay for copies over the semester limit?
The technology fee goes toward networks, computer parts, IT staffing, and other things, not just | 262 |
Q: A weird sentence with subjunctive-mood I saw a weird sentence, which goes below:
Even though you wouldn't be looking for employment right now, it still wouldn't hurt for you to prepare much like you would if you were looking for a job.
I think it uses subjunctive mood, but I don't get why "much like" is used here and how the "if" clause works.<|fim_middle|> were [actually] looking for a job."
I hope the edit gives more sense to the 'if' clause. If you were looking for a job, you would be preparing. You aren't looking for a job, but it still won't hurt to act as though you are.
| It looks like a wrong sentence but Grammarly tells me it has no error.
Can anyone help me break this sentence down? Thank you.
A: The 'much like' means 'in the same way as'.
It's not a very good sentence, the first subjunctive might be used in colloquial speech. I prefer
Even though you wouldn't be aren't looking for employment right now, it still wouldn't hurt for you to prepare [comma], much like you would if you | 100 |
As organizations continue to compete for talent, they are realizing the integral role that benefits play in attracting and retaining the right employees. This is evidenced in our Global Employee Benefits Watch research, which surveyed 2,200 employees from companies around the world and found that only 15% of candidates don't ask about benefits at all during the interview process. In fact, benefits have a huge role to play not only in attracting talent, but in influencing employees feelings about<|fim_middle|> has the potential to secure longevity. 77% of employees who understand their benefits offering said they saw themselves staying at their organization for the foreseeable future.
It's encouraging that employers realize the need to offer better benefits options to their people. But too many are stopping there. Making sure employees have the information they need about their benefits is the next step in solidifying employee loyalty, influencing whether they recommend working there to a friend, and, arguably most importantly, decide to leave or stay. If employers are committed to attracting top talent and keeping their employees, they need to ensure their benefits not only meet their needs, but that they can access them in the most consumer-friendly way possible. | their current employer. Eighty percent of employees who said they have a good variety of benefits to choose from also said they identified strongly with their organization's vision and values, as opposed to 40% of those who don't. Market-leading organizations recognize this and to attract the best candidates and keep current employees happy, more and more employers are working to improve their benefits programs. While offering tailored benefits is important, much of the impact on employee loyalty is lost if these benefits aren't easily accessible.
Giving employees easy access to their benefits information seems simple enough, yet over 50% of employees say they can't access their benefits in the way they prefer and just 21% of employees say they can easily access their benefits. Clearly, employers are still delivering benefits in ways that don't resonate with their people. So, what action does this mean employers should take? How can organizations make sure their people take full advantage of what's available to them? Our research shows that employees are looking for the same experience they have getting information in their personal lives to be mirrored at work – one of the main aspects being the ability to consume information in a variety of ways. Using a number of communication options, including those driven by tech, is the key to keeping employees engaged and happy.
Integrating technology-enabled communication methods really pays off. For example, 62% of employees prefer to use a laptop for research and information gathering and 40% prefer mobile. Technology's prevalence in everyday life is pushing employers to make sure their benefits strategy is delivered through intuitive HR tech with a seamless user experience.
While making sure employees can access benefit information online is critical, it's also important to deliver this information through other methods too. The only method that beats email and computer access is discussing benefits face-to-face with an employer, with 46% of employees receiving information this way reporting being satisfied. Email and computer access were close behind with satisfaction levels at 44% and 42% respectively. When information is more complicated and personal, people often prefer an in-person conversation.
The numbers say it all. 81% of employees who can easily access their benefits said they feel loyal to their employer and 79% say they were proud to work for their organization. Easy access to benefits information keeps employees happy and | 469 |
2013 was the second-hottest year on record without an El Niño
Posted on 6 February 2014 by dana1981
According to the global surface temperate data set compiled by Kevin Cowtan & Robert Way, which achieves the best coverage of the rapidly-warming Arctic by filling in data gaps between temperature stations using a statistical method called kriging, 2013 was the 5th-hottest year on record (since 1850). The top three hottest years (2010, 2005, and 2007) were influenced by El Niño events, which cause short-term warming of the Earth's atmosphere.
Over the past decade, we've seen less warming at the surface and more warming in the oceans. This has been in large part due to a change in Pacific Ocean cycles. We're currently in a cycle that tends to produce more La Niña than El Niño events, which has resulted in the oceans accumulating more heat, leaving less energy than normal to warm the atmosphere. This in turn has led to the widespread myth that the slowed rate of increase of global surface temperatures means we no longer have to worry about global warming, or that its consequences won't be as bad as expected.
The fundamental flaw in this argument is that it neglects a key fact: cycles are cyclical. In the '80s and '90s when the Pacific Ocean was in the previous phase of this cycle, we saw more El Niño events and more warming of global surface temperatures than the average of climate models projected. However, we can separate out the short-term El Niño and La Niña influences from the human-caused global warming component in the simple manner first suggested by Texas state climatologist John Nielsen-Gammon, shown in this animated graphic:
Global surface temperature data from Cowtan & Way, separated into El Niño (red), La Niña (blue), and Neutral (black) years for 1966–2013, with linear trends plotted for each category.
The El Niño/Neutral/La Niña years here are categorized using a slightly modified approach from the one described in this post last year. In essence, a year with a significant (magnitude larger than 0.3 of the average of the 3 ENSO indices described in that post) surface cooling influence from a La Niña event is put in the La Niña category, ditto for El Niño, and a year with no significant influence is put in the Neutral category. The graphed data begin in 1966 to avoid the effects of the 1963 Mount Agung volcanic eruption.
For each of these three categories, the linear global surface warming trend for 1966–2013 is 0.16°C per decade. That is our long-term underlying global surface warming trend, caused almost entirely by human influences. Note that the colored data points tend to fall close to each of their respective trend lines. This tells us that, for example, an El Niño year today is about 0.6–0.7°C hotter than an El Niño year in the 1970s, and the same is true of Neutral and La Niña years.
What's also interesting is that despite being a Neutral year, 2013 was hotter than 1998, which saw one of the strongest El Niño events on record. This tells us that humans have caused as much global warming over the past 15 years as a powerful El Niño event. The difference is that an El Niño is a temporary event, while human-caused global warming is permanent, unless we can quickly pull a lot of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
Cowtan & Way global surface temperature data, with the powerful El Niño year of 1998 in red and the Neutral year of 2013 in blue.
Due to the current phase of the Pacific Ocean cycles, of the past six years, four have been cooled by La Niñas. Seven of the past 15 years have seen La Niñas, compared to just four El Niños. Conversely, in the previous Pacific Ocean phase, the 1990s saw seven El Niño years to just two La Niñas. Thus natural ocean cycles amplified human-caused global warming at the Earth's surface in the 1990s, but have dampened it since 1999.
It's really interesting to compare the reactions to these two cycles. Today, climate contrarians are arguing that the slowed rise in surface temperatures means global warming is nothing to worry about – they're confusing short-term cycles with something meaningful in the long-term. Just a few years ago, mainstream climate scientists looked at the accelerated rise in global surface temperatures. Rahmstorf et al. (2007) concluded,
"The global mean surface temperature increase ... is 0.33°C for the 16 years since 1990, which is in the upper part of the range projected by the IPCC. Given the relatively short 16-year time period considered, it will be difficult to establish the reasons for this relatively rapid warming, although there are only a few likely possibilities. The first candidate reason is intrinsic variability within the climate system."
Climate scientists didn't panic and decide the short-term acceleration in rising surface temperatures meant that climate models were underestimating global warming, or that it would be worse than expected. They correctly suggested that it was probably just due to short-term noise from natural cycles. On the other hand, climate contrarians have overreacted to and misinterpreted the current short-term noise, incorrectly declaring that it means climate models are overestimating global warming and we have nothing to worry about.
What this really means is that climate models may underestimate the internal variability of the climate system due to these types of ocean cycles, but they still get the long-term global warming trend right.
2013 also saw an incredible amount of heat accumulate in the oceans – 2.5 x 1022 Joules, which is equivalent to 390 million Hiroshima atomic bomb detonations, or over 12 atomic bomb detonations per second. 2013 tied 2006 as the year with the most energy accumulating in the oceans since the Argo buoy network began producing much-improved estimates of ocean temperatures to depths of about 2,000 meters. This is significantly higher than the average of about 4 atomic bomb detonations per second over the past decade, and also much higher than 2009. This helps explain why 2009 had higher surface temperatures than 2013 – less heat went into the oceans and more into the atmosphere that year.
Annual ocean heat content accumulation to 2,000 meters in units of atomic bomb detonations per second, with standard error shown. Data from NODC.
Click here to read the rest
Alpinist at 05:40 AM on 7 February, 2014
Excellent post. Thanks again to Kevin and Robert for their work. Tamino has a post on this as well.
Esop at 07:58 AM on 7 February, 2014
Things are looking good for a late 2014 El Nino, and about time that is.
This means that 2015 could very likely set a new record in at least some of the datasets. UAH placed 2013 in 4th place, so I've got a feeling that unless there are adjustments done (often happens in record warm years for some reason) we will see a record in the UAH data for this coming year I can't even imagine the amount of backpeddlin' and spinning among the ''skeptics'' if UAH sets the record as the only dataset, as I have a hunch that GISS, etc won't beat the record until 2015. Interesting times ahead.
topal at 09:52 AM on 7 February, 2014
"The winter months of December 2013 and January 2014 averaged over the contiguous 48 United States were the 3rd coldest Dec/Jan in the last 30 years."
http://www.drroyspencer.com/2014/02/u-s-decjan-temperatures-3rd-coldest-in-30-years/
Synapsid at 09:58 AM on 7 February, 2014
It's called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation for a reason. To refer to it as a cycle is to call it something it Isn't. I've seen deniers criticized on this very point; we shouldn't be doing it either.
I can't help thinking that it would be useful to empasize the pattern we see in the temperature curve that deniers keep pointing at as indicating a cessation of warming--there was a big jump in temperatue associated with the 1998 El Nino (the strongest on record) and since then temperatures HAVEN'T GONE BACK DOWN. Shift the discussion away from Is there a heating trend or not; the record is too short to spot a trend anyway. Emphasize that temperatures have stayed up there.
The question is: where does this excess heat in the ocean come from and how does it get in there? Does CO2 heat the oceans? If yes, how come not all of the oceans are getting warmer; is the influence of CO2 regional rather than global?
Rob Honeycutt at 10:38 AM on 7 February, 2014
topal @3... Yes, the lower 48 states (less that 3% of the Earth's surface) was the third coldest 3 month period, while Alaska and northern Canada were breaking all kinds of record warm temps.
Surely you can see this as the rather ridiculous cherry pick that it is.
scaddenp at 10:42 AM on 7 February, 2014
topal - as to cold winter in USA, note USA is 4% surface of earth. Picking on specific area is cherry-picking. As to why there are cold winters lately, perhaps start here.
Ocean heating (and global energy imbalance) is due to an enhanced greenhouse effect but the detail is complicated. A look at NOAA data for all basins would show all of them heating although you expect a very uneven distribution of temperature since there is very significant horizontal and vertical movements of water. (Look up thermohaline circulation). Which basin do you believe is not getting warmer?
topal @5... The answer is, CO2 does not heat the oceans. Radiative processes heat the ocean. Incoming short wave radiation penetrates into the upper layers of the ocean and produces heating. The ocean is also heated through conduction and back radiation.
Heat moves in and out of the oceans at different rates at different places. Oceans are moving bodies of water where the thermohaline circulation is actively transporting heat from the tropics to the poles.
The long and short is, it's a dynamic system. Thus, it's not going to warm evenly.
Tom Curtis at 11:41 AM on 7 February, 2014
Seeing there is apparent disagreement, I ran the figures and the CONtiguous United States (CONUS) is just 1.6% of the Earth's surface.
Rob Honeycutt at 12:00 PM on 7 February, 2014
Thanks, Tom!
scaddenp at 12:17 PM on 7 February, 2014
okay, 5% of the total land area.
One Planet Only Forever at 15:51 PM on 7 February, 2014
Topal @ 5,
Learning is all about becoming more fully informed. I hope you continue to strive to learn by following and asking questions on a 'helpful site' like this one.
The main point made by the article was that even without the significant temporary bump of global average temperatures that occur due to a strong El Nino is acting, 2013 was a very warm year compared to others. It was as warm as 1998 when one of the strongest El Nino events occurred.
Tom Curtis at 16:19 PM on 7 February, 2014
topal @3 reports Spencer's claim, but not its context. First, Spencer is not reporting official USHCN figures, but his own figures which use a larger Urban Heat Island (UHI) adjustment than do the official figures. Second, he is only reporting on two winter months. Indivicual months are always more variable than annual figures, which have some of the variations cancelled out be averaging. Consequently it is not surprising that a two month period should be unusually cold, even with the background of a warming trend. It makes such comparisons mere curiosities, having no bearing on the long term change in temperatures.
Spencer shows a graph of his adjusted ISH figures compared to the official USHCN figures:
It can be seen clearly that Spencer's adjustment significantly cools later years relative to earlier years. Indeed, by 2013, it cools it by 0.35 C. As it turns out, that does not make a large difference in the ranking of 2013, which is the 13th coldest of 41 years in his adjusted figures, wheras it is tied for 15th and 16th coldest in the official USHCN data over that 41 years. Of course, the USHCN has many more years on record than just 41, and most of them much colder. Further, the early years of the 41 Spencer shows are obviously colder than the later years. Indeed, 8 of the first 15 years shown are colder than 2013. That brings to mind a recent comic by xkcd:
Which brings us to the December/January figures ;)
In those figures, Spencer shows that Dec/Jan of 2013/2014 have indeed been cold relative to the last 41 years, being the 6th coldest out of 41 years data. And it was indeed cold, at a chilly -0.55 C average for the CONUS. Of course, relatively warm relative to the -2.1 C in 78/79. And the years before that were colder still. What was commonplace has simply become note-wothy. XKCD has it right.
FYI, I have expanded my on my comment @13 on my blog, including additional information and sources, for anybody who wants more data.
topal at 19:11 PM on 7 February, 2014
I'm well aware that the USA surface is only a small part of the total surface, but it shows that a significant part of the world population is exposed to cold conditions despite global warming. On a considerably larger scale, there has not been a substantial increase in the subsurface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic to depths of 2000 meters over the past decade. Why is the warming of the global oceans (0-2000 meters) limited to the Indian and South Atlantic Oceans, when carbon dioxide is said to be a well-mixed greenhouse gas, meaning all ocean basins should be warming? The obvious answer is that a regionally limited force must be responsible for acting on the heat content. Let's try ENSO.
Moderator Response:
(Rob P) All ocean basins are undergoing long-term warming - see the attached image from Balmaseda (2013) below. That there is an exchange of water masses between ocean basins, and large short-term variation in ocean circulation, may come as a surprise to you, but it shouldn't.
We will have a lot more on ocean warming and the basics of the wind-driven ocean circulation in the coming months - it's a key component in understanding why so much heat has been going into the ocean of late. There is also a great post by Dana Nuccitelli coming out in a couple of days on the latest research into to this recent unprecedented ocean warming.
michael sweet at 21:40 PM on 7 February, 2014
Topal,
Your claim that it was cold in the USA the last two months is simply false. According to the NOAA record table here, since January 1 there have been 121 monthly hot records set and 71 monthly cold records set. The monthly records are more extreme records than the daily records so they reflect more extreme records (there are more dailly cold records). This data set does not show 2 month data, but December was not as cold as January. How could there have been more record hot temperatures set if it was cold?
The yearly data show 258 all time hot records set and only 39 all time cold records. Obviously all time hot records cannot be set in the winter so we have to use the yearly data. There is no comparison between the recent mildly cold weather and the scorching hot summers we have suffered through recently. If we looked at the all time record hot 2012 data there were many more hot records.
What you really mean is: while the West Coast and Alaska suffered historic record high temperatures, the Midwest and East coasts had a winter that was typical fifty years ago. Since AGW made it so hot for the past 30 years, people who refuse to read the historic records think it is cold.
It was only cold in 1/2 of the CONUS. You have to discard the Alaska data and half the CONUS to claim it was cold. That reduces the affected area of the globe to about 0.8% of the globe that had a typical winter for 50 years ago.
@One Planet ...
"The main point made by the article was that even without the significant temporary bump of global average temperatures that occur due to a strong El Nino is acting, 2013 was a very warm year compared to others"
So we can conclude that an El Nino increases the temperature. But El Nino just displaces energy that was accumulated in the ocean, it doesn't generate any warming, so the energy added to the energy budget of the globe must come from another source. What is it?
You seem to assume that after an El Nino the global temperature returns to the precedent level before another El Nino occurs. This is not the case, since there is no opposite forcing that can remove energy from the globe, other than by natural processes, independant of ENSO. Hence energy can accumulate and higher temperature can persist when the next El Nino hits.
Obviously the energy that is added comes from AGW. Before AGW, the energy would be radiated into space. The argument that El Nino creates enough energy to heat the globe does not stand up to any examination because there is no energy source available except AGW.
mgardner at 22:59 PM on 7 February, 2014
topal @18
You are making a really elementary mistake.
The MST (mean surface temp) is computed from all the different areas of the planet. So, ENSO causes the temp to rise or fall in one part of the planet, and that is reflected in the value of MST.
What you have to do is stop using the ambiguous verb "warm" and replace it with the correct language specific to the context:
Greenhouse gases "increase the energy" of the entire system.
ENSO "increases or decreases the temperature" measured as MST.
Markoh at 23:45 PM on 7 February, 2014
Esop, you must be the only person that I have heard of that is hoping and wanting a bad El Niño In 2015. You sure?
Michael Whittemore at 00:21 AM on 8 February, 2014
"Climate scientists didn't panic and decide the short-term acceleration in rising surface temperatures (didn't mean)? that climate models were underestimating global warming"
Markoh, I personally think that El Nino's are natural and knowing they will happen soon and help the public see that the Earth is getting warmer is a good thing. Like what was stated before, we can feel fine about them because they don't last very long, unlike man made CO2.
My comment at 22 is wrong Dana is spot on as usual. :)
One Planet Only Forever at 01:37 AM on 8 February, 2014
You are not alone in struggling to better understand this issue. Many people continue to make many similar claims. Other posts have tried to help you better understand this issue. I offer the following.
The graph showing the global average temperatures not only shows the bumped values during El Nino and the reduced values during La Ninas. It shows how much variation can occur just because of the condition of the ENSO at any given time. But the important point is that the global average is what needs to be tracked. The surface of the Pacific varies by far more than 10ths of a degree.
A rather basic measure of the Pacific Surface temperature variations can be seen at the following site. Note that this is not a full evaluation of the ENSO and its ability to influence the global average (that which involves the timing and strength and patterns of trade wind circulations and other considerations).
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml
As can be seen the '3 month averages' of the overall zone being measured fluctuate by many degrees C. Regions within the zone being averaged have even higher variations. That regional short-term fluctuation can also be seen to not be 'truly cyclical in timing or strength'.
However, as the graph in this article clearly shows, the average<|fim_middle|> is 'trending up' as expected. It is improper to claim that a difference between the satellite and surface data sets proves that one or the other is inaccurate. However, the clear difference of the HadCRUT4 with other surface data sets did 'beg an explanation'.
Which brings us to C&W. They pointed out the 'siginificant gap' in the method of determining global averages in the HadCRUT4 data (large areas of the planet are not accounted for leading to a presumption that the areas not accounted for are trending just like the areas that are accounted for...which they aren't). Their algorithm filled the gap in a rigorous manner that resulted in 'correcting' the 'global average' in the data set (producing what you refer to as 'magic'), resulting in trends that were more in line with the other surface data sets. This shows how 'using HadCRUT4 exclusively as the basis for the IPCC AR5 report statements about warming since the late 1990s' was not necessarily producing an accurate representation of the changes. This is not 'magic' it is science.
These are indeed complicated issues to develop a clear understanding of, but it can be harder to develop the understanding if you are tempted to not want to 'change your mind' as you strive to better understand things. And on this issue there is a very powerful motivation for many people to 'not want to change their mind'. Their desire to benefit more in their moment from the unsustainable and damaging burning fossil fuels becomes less acceptable as they better understand this issue.
Kevin C at 03:11 AM on 10 February, 2014
Klapper:
The fact that the CW datasets (all versions, i.e. UAH, kriging or a new hybrid to be released this week) produce trends which diverge from HadCRUT4 from about 1998 is both expected, and in fact inevitable for any global temperature series. Take a look at this figure from GISS and you will see why:
(Hint: Look at the Arctic and the Antarctic lines, the main regions missing from HadCRUT4.)
You get the same result if you look at GISTEMP, UAH, NCEP/NCAR, ERA-i, or MERRA.
The much more intriguing question is why our trends are higher than GISTEMP. We will be addressing that question in a month or two, and the answers are looking very interesting indeed.
scaddenp at 04:57 AM on 10 February, 2014
Michael. Not true. For details on this I highly recommend the series at Science of Doom on "Does Back Radiation warm the ocean" and the follow up. | trend line of the widely fluctuating global surface average annual surface temperature is what really needs to be noted.
So, to better understand what changes are occurring, it is important to also follow the global average temperature values. And it is important to review a long time series of data since there are many random significant factors creating fluctuations of even the global average values.
Another way of looking at the changes over time is to compare every new year's global average temperature to the value 20 or 30 years prior. In the graph it is clear that every new year has been significantly warmer than those 'previous years'.
A final point has to be the amount of global average temperature 'warming'. As can clearly be seen the warming is less than 1 degrees C. With the global average warming being so small (yet very significant even though 'it is small'), and the many reports of how the warming of the Arctic and the Antarctic has been more than other regions of the planet, it should be clearer why it can still get cold in the US 'in spite of the warming'. A concern should be the increasing frequency of freezing temperatures reaching down to places like Florida due to the 'predicted weakening of the jet stream' which allows Arctic air masses to be pushed further south more frequently.
I hope that helps.
chuck101 at 01:40 AM on 8 February, 2014
Topal@3
What part of the term "Global Warming" do you not understand. It means the warming of the entire planet, averaged out as a whole. So why then do you think a single colder than normal winter in 2% of the globe falisfies it?
Australia last year had the warmest Day ever recorded, the warmest month, and the warmest year ever recorded since accurate record keeping began (150 years). That in itself does not prove Global Warming. Individual records do not prove anything, it is the overall trend, averaged out over many years that is important.
So comments like:
Are entirely meaningless in this context.
#21 (Markoh):
An El Nino will likely bring a new record and that means that the denier claims of ''no warming since...'' will have much less impact among at least moderately educated folks.
Ie. for those of us who wish to see meaningful action done to reduce the likelihood of a completely messed up climate in the future, having the public see and feel what is going on now is a lot better than having a monster Nino wreak havoc closer to 2020. The deniers are having massive success with help from the MSM, lying to a largely completely clueless public about AGW since they are helped by repeated La Ninas that mask the surface warming.
However, for those who for various reasons do not want to cut emissions, I guess they keep their fingers crossed for another La Nina and further masking of the warming signal, so they can continue lying to the public and still have a chance of being listened to.
Same goes for Arctic sea ice. We know from basic physics and the long term trend that it is doomed, so pretending to be happy for another year of ''recovery'' is like pretending to be happy that the canary in the coalmine appears fine while miners are dropping dead around it.
dhogaza at 02:40 AM on 8 February, 2014
"Australia last year had the warmest Day ever recorded, the warmest month, and the warmest year ever recorded since accurate record keeping began (150 years)."
And CONUS is only about 5% larger than Australia. So the fact that half of CONUS has had a cold winter (by recent definitions of "cold") apparently, disproves global warming despite a big chunk of CONUS having unusually warm and dry weather (worst drought known in CA, severe drought in OR and WA) and Australia's warmest year on record.
That's interesting logic ...
And while parts of the US are chilly due to the displaced Arctic air, what about the Arctic, where that air was supposed to be?
Well, for example at Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen, the average for the last 30 days is a silly 23.5F (13.1C) above normal:
http://www.yr.no/place/Norway/Svalbard/Longyearbyen/statistics.html
Not just the last 30 days, look at the curve for the past year.
The deniers should not be too happy, though, since a much, much warmer than normal Arctic will mean less Arctic sea ice, and we all know that the ''skeptics'' themselves into a corner about that last fall by claiming that the bottom had been reached and it was all recovery from 2013 and on.
The tragic thing is that they can to a despicable degree spout BS like that and still not being held to task by the very MSM (that they lied to in 2013), when the record very likely gets beaten sometime before the end of 2016.
[PW] In order to facilitate better communication, I'd strongly suggest ceasing using the term 'deniers;" it's as disrespectful as when dismissives--the more widely-acceptable term for those who reject all the standing scince that supports the AGW theory, according to Yale research--use the term 'alarmists.'
Markoh at 08:44 AM on 8 February, 2014
ESOP. So you would wish for a big El Niño knowing that it would mean drought, death and disease to South Eastern Africa? I couldn't do that. I'm one hoping El Niño stays away.
Markoh, I share ESOP's 'sentiment'. The lack of an ENSO event since 1997-98 as powerful as that one was has fueled far too much 'unacceptable belief' about what is going on.
Some people seek any excuse to 'refuse' to better understand what is going on (I say refuse because they are choosing not to better understand this issue and so many other issues). They correctly sense that they will not be able to enjoy as much benefit if 'popular opinion' fails to support those unsustainable and damaging activities they enjoy benefiting from.
The next strong ENSO will happen regardless of human actions. The severity of it will be significantly due to the lack of reduction of impacts by the 'most fortunate' among our predecessors. Into the future, the increased harm will be due to the deliberate lack of understanding among the current generation and demands that 'their popular interest must be accepted'. They already make absurd claims like "life would be horrible without burning fossil fuels the way they do". If everyone's lifestyle matched the fossil fuel burning habits of the biggest per-capita impacters that lifestyle would be over in a moment, with massive battles among the population fighting to get the most of the last possible benefits.
This is a really serious issue. But it is only regarding one of the many fundamentally unsustainable and damaging activities in the current global economy that not only have no future, they damage the future others will have to try to live in.
The next strong ENSO event will hopefully wake more of the global population out of their greed induced stupor. That awakening is essential for the development of a sustainable better future for all life on this amazing planet.
One Planet. I have a concern for humanity and would never wish bad on the helpless.
@One Planet: "The next strong ENSO will happen regardless of human actions."
Agreed. And it will inevitably warm the planet.
"The severity of it will be significantly due to the lack of reduction of impacts by the 'most fortunate' among our predecessors."
Can you elaborate on that. What exactly will determine its severity; our predessors, your ancestors? How severe will it be?
I'm still looking for the anthropogenic footprint in the natural process called ENSO.
Markoh,
I am definitely striving to help the least fortunate, by hoping that many among the more fortunate who are currently callously creating the greater harm for those less fortunate, get 'awakened from their greedy stupor'.
The reality of the result of their callous behaviour is clear to me. It unfortunately needs to be 'clear to them'.
The tragedy resulting from the next strong ENSO needs to be squarely and clearly 'blamed on all those who have chosen not to accept the climate science and the resulting need to stop trying to benefit from burning fossil fuels'. The only acceptable benefit from that unsustainable and damaging activity would be exclusive short term benefits for the less developed least fortunate to help the poorest of the poor develop through to a way of living that is sustainable and not damaging (what the most fortunate should have already been doing for 20 years).
I consider the very informed and intelligent people who have been carefully but deliberately trying to keep public opinion from growing 'against allowing continuation of benefiting from the burning of fossil fuels by any people except temporary development benefit for the very least fortunate' to be the most despicable. I consider their deliberate actions trying to promote unsustainable and damaging attitudes and activities to prolong the benefits obtained by the callous greedy are almost 'criminal'. Burning fossil fuels for benefit is not 'too essential to curtail'. Sure, there are many people who believe they are wealthy. But is that believed wealth is from burning fossil fuels it is make-believe wealth that needs to be wiped from the global socio-economic system. Anyone still gambling on benefiting that way has had 20 years of warning. It is time for those undeserving callous greedy people to lose the full value of their unsustainable and damaging gambles.
The ENSO strength of consequences will be greater due to the warmer global system it is occurring in.
Human activity does not 'create ENSO'. Human acivity has led to the capture of more solar energy which is increasing the energy of the climate system (warming of the surface being one clear measure of that added energy in the system, but warming of the deeper oceans also being due to that human impact).
One item to note about the NOAA OSI in the link in my first comment is they have 'updated the baseline temperature value for idenifying an El Nino'. This is because the long term average of the surface of the Pacific has been warming. So the circulation conditions creating an El Nino now produce an even warmer average surface in the Pacific.
It is all adding up because of human impacts.
mgardner at 05:14 AM on 9 February, 2014
topal@32
You appear to be ignoring my comment @19, so I refer you to it again.
When you say "Agreed. And it [El Nino] will inevitably warm the planet.", you are incorrect.
ENSO will not "warm the planet". El Nino will cause the MST to be higher, because it will increase SST (sea surface temp) where it occurs, and that will be part of the computation of average temperature for the entire surface of the planet.
However, El Nino doesn't add any energy to the climate system as a whole ('the planet').
If you are serious about learning how this works, you have to distinguish between:
1) An increase in *one* temperature measurement
2) An increase in the total energy of the system.
Why don't you try asking your questions without that ambiguous use of the term "warm"; it will make things clearer.
mgardner @35, ENSO warms (or cools with La Ninas) the planet more than would be expected just by adding the warming or cooling of the tropical Pacific to the global average. Further, the maximum warming (or cooling) of the planet from ENSO is experienced approximately 6 months after the maximum warming (or cooling) of the tropical Pacific associated with ENSO fluctuations.
In a way that is unsurprising. Temperature feedbacks are feedbacks on changes in surface temperatures. Therefore any widespread net change in surface temperatures would be expected to result in further changes in the same direction globally as a result of feedbacks. If that were not the case, climate sensitivity would be very low. As it happens, it is not low, and the ENSO effect on global temperatures is one of the pieces of evidence that that is the case. However, for ENSO to work as a ratchet that elevates tempertures in the long term (rather than simply results in oscillations around the mean), the feedback response to temperature would need to be greater than 1, and would need to be higher for rises in temperature than for falls in temperature. Both are known not to be the case from past climates.
HK at 08:15 AM on 9 February, 2014
Esop #2, 26, 28
I agree completely!
If the surface temperature trend between 1975 and 2000 had continued for the last 14 years we might have seen at least some action in stead of just talk, talk and more talk from the politicians. It's bad enough that we now have a climate denier party in the Norwegian government, but the effort from the last government led by the Labour party wasn't particularly impressive either.
BTW, the average temperature in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, for the last 30 days is now 13.6oC above normal, though the forecast predicts somewhat colder weather towards the end of next week. In fact, February will very likely become the 39th consecutive month that is warmer than normal in Longyearbyen!
As others have pointed out an ENSO or El Nino event does not 'add energy to the global system'. It only ceates a short term global average surface temperature that is higher than the 'norm' (the norm being the average trend line of global average surface temperature - or the line created by a long average of temperatures like 20 or 30 year averages which can be created for each new month of new data).
So the period since the extremely strong ENSO event of 1997/98 has 'appeared to indicate a slower rate of warming in the global average surface temperarure record. There have been El Nino events since 1997/98 but they have not produced the magnitude of bump of global average that the 1997/98 event produced.
If you are wondering about recent reports that 'strong El Ninos are expected to be more frequent', that would be the expectation of a more energetic global climate system and the pattern of global warming that is occurring (more polar warming). The strong El Nino events in the NOAA ONI history (linked to in my earlier post), occurred in 1972/73, 1982/83, 1997/98. These stronger events would be expected to occur more frequently in a warmed planet (our planet with more energy in the surface climate system).
However, it is not just the strength of the ONI (or El Nino), that matters. The Southern Oscillation occurring with the El NIno (the ENSO), and the relative timing and magnitudes of the combined conditions will affect the magnitude of the temporary bump of global average surface temperature warming.
The main point remains. Human activity is leading to more energy in the global climate system. This can be seen in many things like the global average surface warming to rebalance the rate of its energy emissions with the higher captured/trapped incoming energy (the higher capture being due to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which are mainly due to human activity and additive feedback responses to that human activity - such as less surface ice reflecting incoming solar radiation). The continued increase of global average surface temperature since the very significant ENSO event of 1997/98 (combined with very little volcanic dimming in the same time period), will clearly become more difficult to claim isn't occurring when the next significant ENSO event occurs. The current ENSO conditions are on the La Nina side of neutral (the cooling from the norm side) and yet the global average for 2013 nearly matches the significantly ENSO bumped 1998.
Klapper at 10:48 AM on 9 February, 2014
@ #35 mgardner:
@ #38 One Planet:
"...However, El Nino doesn't add any energy to the climate system as a whole ('the planet')...."
"...As others have pointed out an ENSO or El Nino event does not 'add energy to the global system'...."
ENSO can change global heat content. Read Loeb et al 2012. Net global TOA radiative imbalance on a monthly basis can spike +/- 2Wm2 based on the state of ENSO, and can average +/- 0.5 W/m2 over the period of a year. However the imbalance is the opposite of what you might think. The planet is losing heat during an El Nino and gaining it during a La Nina (which I'm sure shows in in the ocean).
Since the posters here like the metric "Hiroshimas per second", I'll convert the La Nina between the start of 2008 and early 2009 from Loeb Figure 2, which shows a global TOA measured energy imbalance of about 0.4W/m2 (heat gain). Convert global to ocean and you have a heat gain of about 3 hiroshimas per second thanks to La Nina over the 1 and 1/2 year period or so.
"...What's also interesting is that despite being a Neutral year, 2013 was hotter than 1998.."
Only in the Cowtan and Way dataset. This is not true in any of the other atmospheric datasets. It is definitely not true in the datasets with the best spatial coverage, RSS and UAH TLT. The satellite data shows 2013 is 2/10's off of 1998 in the UAH TLT dataset and 3/10's lower in the RSS dataset.
This is significant in that Cowtan and Way use the relationship between surface air temperature and the lower troposphere to help fill the big spatial holes in the instrument network, especially in the Arctic. However, while the adjusted version of HadCRUT4 shows 2013 to be warmer than 1998, UAH, the source of the adjustments clearly does not.
I dont think you are understanding how C&W use UAH. What is obvious when you overlay the surface temperature record with the satellite lower troposphere, is that UAH has much stronger response to ENSO that than any surface record. Therefore you do not expect neutral 2013 to top an extemely strong El Nino in 1998 in UAH. However C&W do not use UAH measurement to replace missing data, but instead use the relationship between UAH and surface records to infill the surface record.
Klapper at 14:42 PM on 9 February, 2014
@#41 scanddenp:
I know how C&W use the UAH dataset. Re-read the 1st sentence in the 2nd paragraph of my post.
Over the long term the C&W dataset produces a warmer trend than either the source or target datasets it creates it's adjustment from. From 1979, the beginning of the satellite record, the C&W-adjusted HadCRUT4 is .17C/decade vs. .15C/decade for unadjusted HadCRUT4 and 0.14C/decade for UAH TLT (global trends).
A little analysis shows where the magic of C&W comes from. In the early half of the satellite record (1979 to 1996, C&W mimics the trend of HadCRUT4 while UAH lags (.11 C&W vs. .11 HadCRUT4 vs. .03C/decade UAH). Then in the last half of the satellite record period, 1997 to 2013 it follows UAH which in this period is warming faster than HadCRUT4 (C&W = .11C/decade vs .05 HadCRUT4 vs .09 UAH).
The C&W algorithm creates an opportunistic result. That doesn't mean it's wrong. However, we should investigate further why there is some kind of mode change 1/2 way through the record with the adjustment.
klapper@39
I'm not convinced that your conclusion from Loeb is probative or even correct, but for the purpose here it isn't really relevant. My interest is in educating people who are getting the basic physics wrong, whether due to their own misconception or the efforts of denialists.
Clearly, topal is far from the point of being able to formulate simple questions properly, so a debate at the margins of significance is hardly useful pedagogy, don't you think?
Michael Whittemore at 23:50 PM on 9 February, 2014
Just a question regarding ocean warning. I read that due to the warning affect of extra greenhouse gases, the oceans don't release as much heat because of the thin water layer on the surface of the ocean. Does this mean that greenhouse gases can't warm the earth up very fast because ocean can only rise from short wave radiation? Also with increasing greenhouse gases will this mean that El Nino's will not release as much heat due to it being warmer in the atmosphere then in the ocean?
mgardner at 00:15 AM on 10 February, 2014
tom curtis @36,
Sorry, I missed your comment before I replied to klapper. You say:
"However, for ENSO to work as a ratchet that elevates tempertures in the long term (rather than simply results in oscillations around the mean), the feedback response to temperature would need to be greater than 1, and would need to be higher for rises in temperature than for falls in temperature. Both are known not to be the case from past climates."
As I pointed out to klapper, how is this information relevant to my interaction with topal? It seems clear that topal does believe that (it is being claimed that) ENSO somehow increases the long-term energy gain for the entire climate system.
I don't mean to be argumentative or critical-- well, a little critical-- but the obsessive need to avoid correction from one's peers can interfere with providing information that matches the educational level of the person we are trying to educate.
I'm not a specialist in this area, but I am well aware that ENSO has knock-on effects, and, exactly as you explain in what I quoted, that it doesn't matter much at all, in terms of the public debate. I enjoy reading and learning from interchanges by the real experts, but I don't think those are much use to people like topal. Sometimes, less is more.
Tom Curtis at 00:36 AM on 10 February, 2014
mgardner @45, in public forums on the internet, you are never just talking to the person you directly address. Rather, you are being read (in a popular and widely accessed blog like SkS) by a large number of other observers. The little detail you left out may well be irrelevant to your discussion with Topal, but as you stated it was inaccurate. Without correction the potential consequence is that a significant number of readers may become misinformed, or confused.
For that reason, while I recognize the need for simplicity in language in communicating the gist of complex ideas, we should err on the side of accuracy rather than simplicity. Also for the same reason, when we encounter an unfortunate turn of phrase or mistatement, we should correct it. I also understand that that can be inconvenient, and even irritating at times. Better that, however, than for a casual reader peaking up a false idea from SkS, only to have it rebutted by a denier, who thereby gains false credence.
@46 Tom Curtis
This may be more on topic on one of the strategy/tactics threads, but...
I don't agree that a significant numbers of readers may become misinformed or confused by my leaving out details. I'm trying to demonstrate an approach to teaching-- one which requires that we listen more than we lecture. My 'target audience' is people who do know some of the details but may not be good at communicating basic concepts to those who are less educated. I thought that was a major thrust of the effort at SkS?
Someone like topal may be sincere and willing to learn, or may be ideologically biased and just trolling, I don't know. But you have to engage in an actual dialogue to figure that out, and to figure out where to begin his education if the former. It is almost universally the case that performing a data dump of all you know is not where to begin.
As for 'rebuttal' by deniers, I think their greatest weapon is exploiting the honesty of scientists, by conflating what is well established with the areas under exploration and debate--simply because long explanations appear equivocal even when they are not.
So, with all due respect, I will continue to do my best when I feel I can contribute, and suffer any subsequent academic purity humiliation with good grace.
One Planet Only Forever at 02:30 AM on 10 February, 2014
Klapper,
I am aware that a warmer global surface generally means a higher rate of radiation emissions (but all feedbacks including added capture of energy due to more water vapour need to be considered). That is why the norm of the global average is trending up. It needs to reach a new balance norm with the higher rate of energy capture due to added greenhouse gases and feedback effects resulting from the added CO2 like added water vapour.
As you note, and I am aware, when an El Nino is occurring the bump in the global average can send more heat out than is coming in, but it is only noise in the trend line of global average surface temperature. When the La Nina occurs, more heat energy gets captured into the oceans as the planet stores up more heat energy because the surface is not as warm, not emitting as much.
As for the satellite data values of the troposphere, those are a completely different way of tracking the changes of energy of the planet. The NASA/GISS data set also show 2013 to be 'as warm as 1998'. The satellite values are not 'comparable to the global average surface temperature data set'. They are just another measure of things that | 5,590 |
Well today is a date to remember it is 12.12.2012. We had to leave without breakfast since the hotel served breakfast at 8 and we had a long days ride ahead of us. so we had some fruit and headed out around 7:15 am towards Loja in the south of Ecuador.The first hour and a half were very nice riding with the villages just starting to get alive and many of the shops still closed, as well as the natural scenery and the trees.
We found a rest stop and decided to have breakfast so we stopped and got some coffee and biscuits. Then a dark cloud came and it started to rain really hard. once it let down we left the rest stop and tried to<|fim_middle|> a shop with a shelter at one of the villages to rest and pray then we continued reaching Loja around 6:30 pm.
We all wet and almost everything was either wet or damp even our paniers had water in them to the point that my laptop was moist and the laptop bag was soaked. I dried the laptop and left it, not wanting to start it until I was sure everything was dry.
Good morning all. I wish you a joyful adventure and by the way bu farah, had you bought BMW panniers you would not have faced problems with water ingress into them.Masha Allah you all look well and hope you continue your adventure safely. | get ahead of the storm but couldn't and we were caught in the rain all the way to Loja. Along the way we stopped at | 28 |
Physics of the world around us
10.6 Hearing (Page 3/12)
10.6 Hearing 5
Section summary
Conceptual questions
Glossary / Key Terms 7
Further examination of the graph in [link] reveals some interesting facts about human hearing. First, sounds below the 0-phon curve are not perceived by most people. So, for<|fim_middle|>.
Practice Key Terms 7
Ultrasound Online Chapter
Sound interference and resonance: standing waves in air columns Online Chapter
Physics of the world around us Online Course
Source: OpenStax, Physics of the world around us. OpenStax CNX. May 21, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11797/1.1
Would you like to follow the 'Physics of the world around us' conversation and receive update notifications? | example, a 60 Hz sound at 40 dB is inaudible. The 0-phon curve represents the threshold of normal hearing. We can hear some sounds at intensity levels below 0 dB. For example, a 3-dB, 5000-Hz sound is audible, because it lies above the 0-phon curve. The loudness curves all have dips in them between about 2000 and 5000 Hz. These dips mean the ear is most sensitive to frequencies in that range. For example, a 15-dB sound at 4000 Hz has a loudness of 20 phons, the same as a 20-dB sound at 1000 Hz. The curves rise at both extremes of the frequency range, indicating that a greater-intensity level sound is needed at those frequencies to be perceived to be as loud as at middle frequencies. For example, a sound at 10,000 Hz must have an intensity level of 30 dB to seem as loud as a 20 dB sound at 1000 Hz. Sounds above 120 phons are painful as well as damaging.
We do not often utilize our full range of hearing. This is particularly true for frequencies above 8000 Hz, which are rare in the environment and are unnecessary for understanding conversation or appreciating music. In fact, people who have lost the ability to hear such high frequencies are usually unaware of their loss until tested. The shaded region in [link] is the frequency and intensity region where most conversational sounds fall. The curved lines indicate what effect hearing losses of 40 and 60 phons will have. A 40-phon hearing loss at all frequencies still allows a person to understand conversation, although it will seem very quiet. A person with a 60-phon loss at all frequencies will hear only the lowest frequencies and will not be able to understand speech unless it is much louder than normal. Even so, speech may seem indistinct, because higher frequencies are not as well perceived. The conversational speech region also has a gender component, in that female voices are usually characterized by higher frequencies. So the person with a 60-phon hearing impediment might have difficulty understanding the normal conversation of a woman.
The shaded region represents frequencies and intensity levels found in normal conversational speech. The 0-phon line represents the normal hearing threshold, while those at 40 and 60 represent thresholds for people with 40- and 60-phon hearing losses, respectively.
Hearing tests are performed over a range of frequencies, usually from 250 to 8000 Hz, and can be displayed graphically in an audiogram like that in [link] . The hearing threshold is measured in dB relative to the normal threshold , so that normal hearing registers as 0 dB at all frequencies. Hearing loss caused by noise typically shows a dip near the 4000 Hz frequency, irrespective of the frequency that caused the loss and often affects both ears. The most common form of hearing loss comes with age and is called presbycusis —literally elder ear. Such loss is increasingly severe at higher frequencies, and interferes with music appreciation and speech recognition | 684 |
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*These dietary requirements need to be discussed in advance.
Our values are important in every aspect of our work. Where possible fresh food is sourced locally and food waste is kept to a minimum. All our tea and coffee is sourced from Fairtrade suppliers and provided free of charge.
Our experienced chefs are here to provide you with the perfect food for your event. Whether you want a delicious three course meal, a hot and cold buffet or just some hors d'oeuvres, our team are here to help.
We can also offer drinks receptions, the perfect way to start a celebration. Choose from a range of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks all served by attentive<|fim_middle|> Fairtrade tea, coffee and other hot drinks are available from the Lounge on a daily basis.
Breakfast, lunch and dinner are served in one of our attractively styled restaurant areas. Wine and other beverages can be arranged to have alongside your evening meals. The open layout creates the perfect opportunity for your delegates to get to know each other. | staff. If the weather is good, why not take advantage of the beautiful gardens.
The Hayes bar offers a wide range of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks as well as snacks, making it the perfect place to unwind and catch up with friends. | 49 |
Current (https://current.org/2011/11/harmon-retiring-at-public-radio-capital<|fim_middle|> American Media, The Working Group and Youth Speaks. | -ikeda-will-succeed-her/)
Harmon retiring at Public Radio Capital; Ikeda will succeed her
Susan Harmon, a career-long public radio leader and one of Public Radio Capital's two managing directors, will retire from the position Dec. 31. Ken Ikeda, a relatively new hire and former head of San Francisco's Bay Area Video Coalition, will succeed her.
Marc Hand, who has shared authority with Harmon since founding of the Denver-based nonprofit in 2001, will continue as the other managing director. Harmon's role has largely involved the organization's strategic planning, philanthropic support, and investor relations for the Public Radio Fund, a lending source for expansion of public radio.
Founded to help public radio expand services by acquiring frequencies, PRC has helped arrange transactions and financing worth more than $270 million in its 10-year life. It has often assisted licensees competing for frequencies with religious broadcasting chains.
"It is a rare privilege in life to be able to know and work with Susan, and to see the significant impact she's had on people personally and professionally," Hand said in a release.
Harmon will remain a board member of PRC and two related organizations — Public Media Company, headed by Ikeda, and Essential Public Media, licensee of Pittsburgh's new news station, the former jazz broadcaster WDUQ.
Earlier in Harmon's pubradio career she managed WAMU-FM in Washington, D.C., for 11 years and KERA-FM in Dallas/Ft. Worth for 14 years. During that time, in 1984, she helped start public radio's Station Resource Group, virtual parent of both Public Radio Capital and the Public Radio Exchange, among other projects. Before co-founding PRC she directed SRG's Major Gifts Initiative and Leaders Partnership for three years. She chaired the NPR Board in 1975 and 1976 and the SRG Board between 1986 and 1991 and also served on Public Radio International's board.
Ikeda, who had been executive director of Bay Area Video Coalition until joining PRC this year, led BAVC through a period of expansion into new services, including advocacy for a proposed National Public Lightpath high-speed data network to serve public media and producers and new production relationships with pubTV station KQED. He joined BAVC in 2006 when it merged with Youth Sounds, a community media advocacy project. During his time with BAVC, the MacArthur Foundation recognized it with the equivalent of a "genius award" for organizations. He serves as a board member of the Center for Asian | 547 |
Lakers, Head Coach Luke Walton Mutually Agree To Part Ways After Three Seasons
Mark J. Rebilas-USA TODAY Sports
NBA Rumors: Lakers Fired<|fim_middle|> leading the young core of Jordan Clarkson, Brandon Ingram, Larry Nance Jr., Julius Randle, D'Angelo Russell, and Ivica Zubac.
While the Lakers went 26-56 in Walton's first season, they improved by nine games the following season despite president of basketball operations Magic Johnson and general manager Rob Pelinka trading away some of the young core to create the necessary cap space for two max-contact slots.
In 2018 free agency, LeBron James signed a four-year, $154 million deal with the Lakers. With James' arrival to Los Angeles, the team's expectations went from developing the young core to competing for championships.
With Johnson and Pelinka signing 'tough-minded' playmakers alongside James instead of shooters, the Lakers started with a 2-5 record. As a result, there was a meeting where Johnson later revealed Walton would remain the head coach 'unless something drastic happens.'
From this early point of the season, Walton faced an uncertain future in Los Angeles. Despite all of the injuries to James and the young core, the third-year head coach was eventually blamed for the Lakers missing the playoffs for the sixth consecutive season.
While Walton had his shortcomings, head coaches are often the scapegoats in these types of situations and it was not any different for the 39-year-old.
This decision also comes after Johnson shockingly resigned prior to the team's game against the Portland Trail Blazers. | Luke Walton Despite Him Wanting To Remain Head Coach
The Los Angeles Lakers have mutually parted ways with Luke Walton as head coach following the 2018-19 NBA season, the team announced.
"We would like to thank Luke for his dedicated service over the last three years," Lakers general manger Rob Pelinka said. "We wish Luke and his family the best of luck moving forward."
"I want to thank Jeanie Buss and the Buss family for giving me the opportunity to coach the Lakers," Walton said. "This franchise and the city will always be special to me and my family."
Walton was originally hired prior to the 2016-17 season as a former player and young head coach | 148 |
Espresso machines can be expensive, especially for those on a budget. That's why you should try to find the best espresso machine under $300. This will allow you to have delicious, fresh brewed espresso in your own home, without sacrificing your budget to meet your refined taste.
This Breville Espresso machine is made of high-quality stainless steel. It uses a thermoblock heating system that gives you the perfect temperature for your espresso.
This pump also uses a full 15 bars, which combined with the dual-wall filter system gives the maximum pressure for creating perfect crema.
The included steam wand makes a creamy froth using a variety of milk products, from skim to soy to whipping cream. The water tank is removable for easy filling and can hold up to 1.2L of water.
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The drip tray beneath the spout is removable, to accommodate larger latte mugs when needed. An adjustable timer can be set to turn your machine off at a specified time, to reduce wasted energy.
This Nespresso VertuoLine machine has 2 different capsule sizes, with a large one suitable for coffee and a smaller capsule holder for espresso.
Centrifusion technology spins the capsule while blending the ground coffee with water to create delicious coffee or espresso with the perfect crema. It also uses capsule recognition and has code reading technology to make the perfect cup every time.
The capsules are easy to insert and can be ejected when brewing is finished. An included used capsule container can hold up to 20 used capsules and is removable for easy disposal when filled.
This machine also comes with the Aerocc<|fim_middle|> or even for clients or customers.
They're classy – There's nothing like impressing your family and friends with your high-tech gadgets, and an espresso machine is no exception. And when they taste your barista-quality espresso, you'll be the talk of the group for the rest of the night.
Great options – Most espresso machines offer the convenience of more than 1 beverage option. They can make lattes, cappuccinos, Americanos, and some even have a hot water spout for making tea. This makes it even easier to please your guests.
For those who love espresso, there are many benefits to having a machine for your own personal use in your home or office.
Size – Because this machine is going to be spending a lot of time on your counter, you want to make sure it is small enough to fit comfortably in the space you have available.If you don't plan to use it every day, make sure it can fit in your cupboard or on a shelf, out of the way.
Durability – When buying a new machine, be sure it is made from quality materials that won't break when using it. This includes the outer casing, the boiler, the water tank, and the steam wand. If the machine's parts break down easily, it is of no use to you.
Water Reservoir – Your machine should have the capacity to hold a fair bit of water. You don't want to keep filling it every time you make a shot of espresso or a cappuccino.This is especially true if you are serving a larger group. It takes time for the water to heat as well, so the more often you need to fill it, the longer it will take to serve the entire group. It is also a good idea to find a machine with a removable water tank, for more convenient filling and less mess.
Easy Cleaning – Taking your machine apart to clean all of its components can be a pain. That's why having one with an easy disassembly makes this process a bit easier, especially for those who use their machine every day.
Frothers – Most machines come with a steam wand for those who like to go beyond espressos to the world of lattes and cappuccinos. Though you never have to actually use it if you don't want to, it's nice to have one of these, just in case.
Other than these features, the best espresso machine under $300 has pretty basic parts, all of which are described here by this professional barista.
How these machines work is a different story, so if you're curious, Mike Cooper describes how different types of machines do their job.
Though all 5 of these espresso machines would be a fine addition to any kitchen, the Delonghi EC680M DEDICA 15-Bar Pump Espresso Machine tops the list as the best espresso machine under $300.
Though all 5 of them can be used for making more than just espresso, the DEDICA allows you the most variety in hot drink options.
*This machine is also the thinnest of the group, making it easy to squeeze in between your other countertop appliances. With a durable stainless steel body, this machine is not only strong, but it looks great, classing up your kitchen or office, and impressing your family and friends. | ino Plus milk frother, which can create both hot and cold milk froth with just the touch of a button.
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Cineflix Ramps Up Development with Hire of Dave Hamilton
Cineflix Media Inc. announced today that Dave Hamilton is joining the international media company as its new EVP of Development this September. Leading Cineflix's development team, Hamilton will be responsible for unscripted development across all content platforms in the US, Canada, and the global market.
Based out of the company's New York office, Hamilton will report to Cineflix Media Co-Founders and Co-CEOs, Glen Salzman and Katherine Buck, and work closely with President of Production Charles Tremayne and EVP of<|fim_middle|> Emmy®-nominated producer and executive with an impressive track record," said Glen Salzman. "He is a great addition to the Cineflix team and we are confident his talent and creative vision will result in a raft of new original series and formats for Cineflix and our network partners."
Hamilton has most recently been responsible for overseeing hit franchises including House Hunters International and Man Caves, and developing new programming such as Restaurant Divided and The Filthy Rich Guide. Prior to his role as SVP at Leopard USA, he was VP at Endemol USA where he developed formats including Treasure Detective, Find Me My Man, and Freakshow. Previous to Endemol, Hamilton was VP of Development and Production at VH1, where he developed and oversaw the hit series Tool Academy, Scream Queens, and What Chilli Wants for the network. His extensive credits also include producing and directing Comedy Central's Insomniac with Dave Attell and co-executive producing the Emmy®-nominated documentary series The Awful Truth with Michael Moore.
Cineflix produces more than 200 hours of programming per year and is behind some of the most highly rated TV brands including hit series American Pickers, Emmy®-nominated Property Brothers, Mayday: Air Disaster, and the expanding Food Factory franchise. Scripted series Gangland Undercover launched this spring and recent commissions include American Lawmen and Vegas 911.
.../ends
Amber Baker, Vice President of Corporate Operations, Cineflix Media Inc.
Cineflix Mediacreates, produces, and distributes popular entertainment content for the global market with operations in Montreal, Toronto, New York, Los Angeles, London, and Dublin. Producing more than 200 hours of distinctive programming per year across a wide range of genres, and with a rapidly expanding library of more than 4,000 hours, Cineflix is behind some of the most highly rated TV brands. | Production and Programming Kim Bondi.
"Dave is an acclaimed, | 13 |
Turkey licenses 16 companies to explore its oil and gas fields
Türkiye Materials 17 September 2014 19:25 (UTC +04:00)
Baku, Azerbaijan, Sept.17
By Rufiz Hafizoglu - Trend:
Around $1.5 billion was invested in the exploration of oil and gas fields in Turkey over two years, the head of Turkish Energy Ministry's General Directorate of Petroleum Affairs, Selami Incedalci said.
He made the remarks during the economic conference that kicked off in Turkey's Istanbul city, Hurriyet newspaper reported on Sept.17.
Incedalci stressed that over two years<|fim_middle|> drilled during the reporting period.
The law authorizing the conduction of oil exploration in the forests and national parks entered into force in Turkey in April 2014. It is also permitted to lay oil and gas pipelines in the forests and national parks.
Moreover, Turkey will be divided into 18 provinces in terms of hydrocarbon reserve.
Additionally, one-eighth of the oil produced in Turkey will be considered as the state share, according to the law.
The law aims to enable the expansion of prospecting and exploration work in Turkey's oil fields.
Edited by CN
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Selami Incedalci | , 16 companies, including foreign enterprises have been licensed to carry out the exploration of oil and gas fields in Turkey.
He went on to add that ExxonMobil and Chevron companies are engaged in the exploration of oil and gas fields in the country.
Turkey intensively carries out the exploration of fields in order to reduce its dependence on foreign petroleum products.
Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) drilled 11 oil wells and six gas wells in the country's territory in 2013 as part of the exploration of new oil and gas fields, Turkey's Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources earlier said in its report.
In total, some 56 wells have been | 136 |
When shopping for our own beds, we spend countless of hours and a hefty amount of money to make sure we get the right bed. This is because we would want to sleep in a comfortable place. We would want the pace we lay our body after a long day of work to be a sanctuary. Your dog would also want the same level of comfort when sleeping. Selecting the best bed for our dog will not only provide long-lasting comfort but also help with training.
In addition, making the correct choice will ensure that our lovely companion feels secure and safe. Similar to our bed, a comfortable bed for a dog will also eliminate various illnesses such as backaches<|fim_middle|> to rest the neck comfortably nut also brings fun to your adorable friend.
BRINDLE Soft Memory Foam Dog Bed is the perfect solution for your dog's morning lie-down, afternoon siesta, as well as all- night sleep bed.
This bed is designed to offer your furry friend with unmatched support and lasting comfort. It is made using a high-end orthopedic foam that offers a soft yet supportive surface which is great for eliminating pressure points.
Besides the frayed memory, foam ensures for increased airflow amid foam clusters creating a comfy, breathable sleeping surface. The stitched internal baffles also hold the shredded foam together eradicating any instance of shifting as your dog sleeps. For easy maintenance, the plush bed cover comes off easily and machine washable.
Your dog deserves nothing short of the best. The best way to make sure that he/she is comfortable is to have a good bed. For this reason, you should always ensure that you get the best bed that suits his/her needs perfectly. What's more, selecting the best bed for your adorable dog will also help them lead a healthier and happier life. | as well as sooth aching joints for old and ailing dogs.
While there are many washable dog beds on the market, it makes senses that not all of them will make the cut. This guide aims at helping you to choose a bed that will suit your dog's unique needs and personality. Here are our top 10 best washable dog beds reviews in 2019.
This dog bed is a top choice for good reasons. It is constructed using supremely high-quality materials that leave the competition behind when it comes to durability.
This is not all; this is a great looking pet bed that blends its classic style with superior comfort, giving your pet a decent place to relax. These beds also come with a therapeutic removable fleece that provides superior support and softness for your pets.
Cleaning the bed is easy thanks to the removable cushion that is machine washable. Besides, this bed comes with a waterproof bottom that ensures that nothing on the floor gets the bed wet.
This is a perfect choice for larger dogs or several smaller dogs that love to snuggle. This bed is soft, comfortable, and spacious.
We love its simple flat rectangular shape that allows your dog to sprawl out in any direction. The bed is constructed using visco-elastic memory foam, which is comfortable, and highly energy absorbent. This memory foam will relieve the painful pressure points improving the quality of sleep.
This makes it an excellent choice for all dogs including the elderly dogs suffering from arthritis, muscle stiffness, aching joints, and hip dysplasia. Moreover, this bed comes with a waterproof removable and washable inner that protect the bed from spills and incontinent issues.
The JOYELF Orthopedic Dog Bed promotes healthy joints and bones in your pet ensuring that your adorable pet doesn't develop hip and joint issues while sleeping.
This bed is constructed with orthopedic memory foam that provides impressive comfort and support that your dog needs for good night's sleep.
This bed also boasts of a soft and comfortable cotton padded pillow in coach arm design. This pillow offers a surround pillow that protects your pet's neck from pain, which is caused by uncomfortable sleeping position.
A good night's sleep is crucial to ensure your dog's well being and happiness. This dog bed is designed with premium grade orthopedic foam that offers the dog with a nice and comfortable sleeping surface.
This bed combines incredible support with a soft sleeping surface, offering your dog with the much-needed pressure relief on aching joints.
The bed also comes with cotton-stuffed walls that contour to your dog's neck and head ensuring optimum comfort. What's more, the inclusion of the non-slip rubber support on the base of the bed will prevent the cot from sliding on tile and hardwood floors.
This is a uniquely designed dog bed that features high walls ease your pet's joint pain as well as ensuring that your dog feels secure.
The bed also comes with a high back wall that offers your pet with extra support. We love the ultra soft, cozy Sherpa fabric that covers the entire bed. This fabric does not only give a soft relaxing place for your dog but also promotes better sleep.
The bottom is constructed with a waterproof nylon fabric. This ensures that no water from the floor will wet the bed nor will the pet mess such as urine find its way to the floor.
Your little friendly companion needs pampering to feel loved and appreciated. Besides offering your dog with the best in class comfort, this orthopedic bed comes with an easy step on a design that ensures easy on and off access.
The bed is designed with convoluted foam that his great in relieving pressure points as well as promoting better circulation.
This bed also offers your pet with a luxuriously ultra plush surface promoting good quality sleep. The bed is also available in four options sizing allowing you to pick the bed that fits your dog's resting needs. Moreover, this bed is machine washable so maintaining it is not a problem.
If you are scouring the market for a great dog bet at an affordable price, this might be your best bet.
This bed is a pinnacle of comfort thanks to its luxurious plush feel that makes your dog feel like a king. This is low maintenance yet long-lasting bed that ensures that your dog gets the comfort he/she needs all the time.
The bed also comes with a plush poly fiber cushion that doesn't pill up like the other fleece pet beds. In addition, this bed come in a neutral color that complements any home décor while the non-skid bottom ensures a firm fit on tile and hardwood floors.
This bed is a favorite of many pet enthusiasts because of its sturdy construction, comfort, and incredible support.
Featuring a durable, hypoallergenic outer fabric and waterproof inner, this bed is designed to offer your lovely dog a comfortable and relaxing surface to sleep. The bed is made using high stability premium foam with the orthopedic capability to ensure increased support and comfort.
This bed has been tested and approved as one of the best bed that provides your pet with a comfortable sleeping experience. Many pet owners also prefer this bed because of its excellent medical grade orthopedic support, which is great for older dogs suffering from muscle stiffness, arthritis pain or aching joints.
There is no better treat that offering your dog with a warm, comfortable bed. This bed brings your companion a supportive sleep surface and bolstered sides, creating a superb place for your dog to curl and slumber.
The bed is designed in a way that it gives your dog's head and back with sufficient support. The bed also pairs double thick mattress pad with an easy step-in design that ensures that your dog sleeps comfortably. What is more interesting about this unit is the lovely neck bone pillow that is embedded with a squeaker.
This pillow doesn't only allow the dog | 1,169 |
And do they know...it's like I'm losing my mind.
I didn't get out of here until 745PM last night and then I went home and watched the Democratic Forum, during which it ocurred to me that I was completely losing it because Dennis Kucinich was making a lot of sense. It was even<|fim_middle|>aries that JB is on and you could hear my squeeee-ing from the Mission to the Marina. Everytime I think I can't love him more...I'm wrong. And keep in mind I still haven't see Torchwood or Series three Dr. Who.
Work is sucking fairly hard right now. I'm happy to have the Lovely Lucy here with me today, but I reallyreallyreally don't want to be here at all. It's one of those, tell me again why I'm doing this, kind of days at the Desk of Doom. | weirder afterwards when I could have sworn that Pat Buchanan was saying nice things about Hillary, or at least saying she won. Normally I like John Edwards, but the whole Edwards/Biden "more Wobbly than thou" show-down was fairly nauseating.
But oh god, KEITH!!!! Keith Rules. Totally. Now and forever.
I thought the headlines would be about the Dems this AM, but instead it was Barry Bonds. He did it. 756. I'm still not sure how I feel about it, but it's a San Francisco thing and I'm happy for the City, if not for Bonds himself.
Monday night, I started watching the Dr. Who episodes with the comment | 142 |
Jeff Herbst
Founding Managing Partner, GFT Ventures
Jeff Herbst is Co-Founding Managing Partner of GFT Ventures. He brings three decades of<|fim_middle|> from Brown University.
Jeff Herbst is Co-Founding Managing Partner of GFT Ventures. He brings three decades of venture capital, operational, business development and M&A experience. Prior to launching GFT, he spent 20 years as NVIDIA's Vice President of Business Development where he built an ecosystem of accelerated computing applications spanning the domains of AI, Data Science, Autonomous Machines, and Graphics and Visualization. During his tenure at Nvidia, Jeff created the Nvidia GPU Ventures program, overseeing more than 40 global investments and 20 acquisitions valued over $8B. He also led the Nvidia Inception global startup accelerator comprised of more than 8,000 AI, Data Science and High Performance computing companies.Prior to joining Nvidia, Jeff ran the Business Development function at the Altavista search engine, and was a Partner at the Wilson Sonsini law firm in Palo Alto. He holds a JD from Stanford University and a BS with Honors in Computer Science and Economics from Brown University. | venture capital, operational, business development and M&A experience. Prior to launching GFT, he spent 20 years as NVIDIA's Vice President of Business Development where he built an ecosystem of accelerated computing applications spanning the domains of AI, Data Science, Autonomous Machines, and Graphics and Visualization. During his tenure at Nvidia, Jeff created the Nvidia GPU Ventures program, overseeing more than 40 global investments and 20 acquisitions valued over $8B. He also led the Nvidia Inception global startup accelerator comprised of more than 8,000 AI, Data Science and High Performance computing companies.
Prior to joining Nvidia, Jeff ran the Business Development function at the Altavista search engine, and was a Partner at the Wilson Sonsini law firm in Palo Alto. He holds a JD from Stanford University and a BS with Honors in Computer Science and Economics | 173 |
They work well under pressure and are comfortable with change and complexity in dynamic environments. They can shift readily between the "big picture" and the small-but-cruc<|fim_middle|> programs with an organization's strategy).
Does this describe you? Interested in a career in project management? | ial details, knowing when to concentrate on each.
Project managers cultivate the people skills needed to develop trust and communication among all of a project's stakeholders: its sponsors, those who will make use of the project's results, those who command the resources needed, and the project team members.
They have a broad and flexible toolkit of techniques, resolving complex, interdependent activities into tasks and sub-tasks that are documented, monitored and controlled. They adapt their approach to the context and constraints of each project, knowing that no "one size" can fit all the variety of projects. And they are always improving their own and their teams' skills through lessons-learned reviews at project completion.
Project managers are found in every kind of organization -- as employees, managers, contractors and independent consultants. With experience, they may become program managers (responsible for multiple related projects) or portfolio managers (responsible for selection, prioritization and alignment of projects and | 189 |
I get a lot of questions about what<|fim_middle|> easily. | type of systems to use for various crops, how to size the reservoir, and how much to feed. I'll briefly cover a few of those topics below. If you have further questions, please feel free to post in the comments.
Q: Will a system of tubes work for growing a variety of crops if I space them 1 foot apart with growing sites at 18" on center (OC)?
A system like that should work fine for lettuce and herbs. The spacing between grow sites might be a bit large, depending on the variety of plant being grown. I think I have a 12" OC spacing for my lettuce, with holes drilled at 6" OC for basil. I built my system with 2" schedule 40 PVC and drilled 1 7/8" holes for 2" net pots. It works well for lettuce, basil, and Joi Choi. Too small for some of the bigger rooted things like tomatoes, peppers, etc.
Tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers, you would probably want to run a drain to waste coir system or look at using something like dutch buckets or 6" PVC because the roots are so big. Coir is more forgiving with nutrient balance (it's more like soil) but with PVC you could recycle the water and nutrients. If you're just starting with hydro, I'd go with drippers and coir until you get the feel for it. You may decide to stay with coir (I have).
Q: Would you grow cole crops in a hydroponic system?
Cabbage and other cole crops I wouldn't bother growing unless you have a good market for them or they're of special interest to you. They take a up a lot of space and don't produce a lot of end product in some cases (like broccoli), or aren't worth much (like cabbage). They also develop more robust root systems than something like basil or lettuce, which means you'd need a bigger tubing system which increases the cost of their production.
Q: How big should my reservoir be, and how do I decide on a PPM concentration for my nutrients?
Lettuce and basil won't drain a reservoir too fast, but the fruiting crops will drain it in no time. Depending on the size of your system, you'll need to think about using a minimum of a 25 gallon tank, or maybe even a couple IBC (250 gallon) tanks. Your system will use a lot more water than you may expect, especially as the weather warms and the plants increase in size. A good rule might be 1/2 gallon of reservoir per leafy green, and 2-4 gallons of reservoir per fruiting plant.
I always start out with a very low PPM concentration for all crops, and then it increases depending on what I'm growing. Start at somewhere around 150PPM for a few days, and start to work it up as the plants get bigger. They all feed at different rates, so this part is sort of an art of monitoring the plants and responding to their indicators to determine dosage as they grow. Once they're about 80% of the way to final size, you should be at something like 800PPM for lettuce, maybe 1000PPM for basil, and tomatoes and fruiting crops will be up around 1,500-1,700PPM. Deciding these numbers is really all about experience which will come from trial and error, and depends on your varieties, the weather, fruit load, etc. It's not hard to figure out as you go, but there's no absolute set of numbers. However, you're better on the low side rather than the high side because you can correct up quickly and easily. Too high and you can harm or kill the plants, and that's hard to come back from.
You'll also mix your nutrients based on what crop you've got in the system. I start with a base nutrient mix of 5-11-26 and then add an equal part calcium nitrate and a 1/4 part magnesium sulfate (epsom salt). You may also want to add potassium silicate to some crops (though I have yet to try this, but Paul Cilia from Hot N' Humid likes it) and for fruiting crops like tomatoes (especially tomatoes!) a potassium supplement from flower cluster formation through to final harvest. Tomatoes have heavy potassium needs to prevent green shoulder and ghost wall.
Q: What's the easiest crop to start with, and what crops are the hardest?
Any leafy green like basil or lettuce is the easiest crop to grow and has the fastest turn in your system with probably the lowest risk of failure. As you get into fruiting crops, the time to harvest increases, as does the risk of serious problems (disease, nutrient imbalance, etc.) Tomatoes are on the higher end of the risk spectrum, but the top spot would belong to colored bell peppers. They take a very long time to develop color from the green fruit (3-5 weeks), and this opens a long period of time for potential problems. This isn't a reason not to grow them, but it may be frustrating if you try them first. I want you to be successful with your first attempt at hydro so you can enjoy continued success as you gain experience.
There are more varieties in the pipeline, so the selection should grow in the coming years.
You can turn both of those crops pretty fast, and you can stagger them for a continuous harvest. I've found basil can be done as fast as lettuce if you use cuttings from your established crop for the next round. It cuts 2-3 weeks off the harvest time, and it roots very | 1,181 |
The Life Global team are looking to recruit a creative and enthusiastic Designer with heaps of potential for a 12 month full time contract. Our list spans an exciting range of lifestyle topics such as food and drink, craft, gardening, parenting and mind body spirit, with a strong bias towards new trends, offering broad variety and diverse opportunities to develop your skills.
We are looking for a creative designer with a flair for contemporary design. You will have strong layout and typographic skills and a keen eye for detail, coupled with good editorial<|fim_middle|> - please send us your CV, a cover letter and a pdf of your work by 18th January 2019. | sense. You will also need to be proficient in InDesign and Photoshop and have solid technical skills.
Experience in commissioning quality lifestyle photography, or in commissioning fresh contemporary artworks would be a bonus. Jacket design abilities are also an advantage.
The ideal candidate will be organised, a good multi-tasker and able to work to a schedule and budget. You will also be an excellent communicator and a good team player.
If this sounds like you we'd love to meet you | 94 |
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The Two Faces of Aerosols
Submitter: Ovink, J., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Area of Research: Cloud Processes
Journal Reference: Berg LK, M Shrivastava, RC Easter, JD Fast, EG Chapman, Y Liu, and RA Ferrare. 2015.<|fim_middle|> life cycle on regional and global scales," said Dr. Larry Berg, atmospheric scientist at PNNL, who led the study. | "A new WRF-Chem treatment for studying regional-scale impacts of cloud processes on aerosol and trace gases in parameterized cumuli." Geoscientific Model Development, 8(2), 10.5194/gmd-8-409-2015.
A new modeling approach from PNNL and NASA more accurately depicts how black carbon and sulfates interact with clouds, helping to answer the long-standing question of how these pollutants affect climate around the world. Shown is the mass loading of organic aerosols at 1 km above the surface (colors) and wind vector (arrows) valid at 21 UTC on 16 July 2012 during the ARM Climate Research Facility\'s Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP).
It's a double dose of climate disturbance. Tiny particles of pollution—also known as aerosols—both cool and warm the planet. Now, a team of scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and NASA identified how current climate models may be far off in estimating the actual amounts of these particles and their total impact on the atmosphere.
As reported in Geoscientific Model Development, the scientists developed a new modeling technique that revealed the dramatic effect cumulus clouds can have on these tiny pollutants and vice versa. Based on these results, current climate models may overestimate the amount of climate-warming black carbon particles by as much as 50% and underestimate climate-cooling sulfate particles by as much as 40%.
Scientists developed an enhanced modeling technique to account for the portion of an area covered by clouds, the way aerosols become entrained in clouds, and what happens to them within clouds. The research team added information on key processes such as the development of cloud drops, changes in liquid chemistry, and removal of the aerosols by rain.
To test their approach, they applied this new technique using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). They then compared results from the modified model with real-world data collected from aircraft during the U.S. Department of Energy's Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS). CHAPS was conducted in June 2007 over Oklahoma City to characterize and contrast freshly emitted aerosols above, within, and below fair-weather cumulus clouds. In all cases, the new approach yielded results that matched CHAPS data.
Scientists have worked for years to understand the climate effects of tiny pollution particles like black carbon (a.k.a. soot) and sulfate, released through burning fossil fuels and biomass. Black carbon absorbs sunlight, creating a warming effect. Sulfate reflects light away from the surface, leading to cooling. These particles can serve as cloud droplet seeds, increasing the number of drops that make up the clouds. On the other hand, cumulus clouds may play a large role in removing those same particles from the air—simply by raining. But by how much?
"This approach of more accurately modeling cloud processes can be applied to better our understanding of the aerosol | 619 |
The levator scapulae muscles lie on either side of your neck and attach to the upper portion of your shoulder blade. The levator scapula (lev scap) is cleverly named after its main action: elevating the scapula (your shoulder blade). It is commonly tight, though it often goes unnoticed since the lev scap is deep to the upper trapezius. (Remember the trapezius?! Refresh your memory here.) Trigger points in the lev scap have different referral patterns than those of the upper traps (see below) and can be the true indicator as to which muscle is the problematic<|fim_middle|> to fully contract back to its original length.
The fix? Stretch pecs, strengthen mid traps/rhomboids, correct posture.
Keep checking our blog for great postural exercises. Or, ask your RMT to demonstrate proper strengthening exercises at your next visit.
The lower traps are engaged when you hold your arms out in front of you, similar to Superman flying through the air. Holding this position for an extended period of time will result in overuse and strain of the lower traps.
Even though this muscle is much lower on the back, its pain referral pattern can extend into the neck. This is why it is important to include a back massage when you are coming in for treatment of neck pain. Clearing out the trigger points in the lower traps will help reduce your neck pain and improve postural control.
The 'Superman' position above is one lower trapezius strength exercise. There are many more, from isometric (without movement) to dynamic exercises. Your RMT can suggest options to suit your body and needs. | one.
Actions – Elevates scapula and rotates scapula clockwise (when neck is in a fixed position). Laterally rotates and flexes head (when shoulder is fixed).
Common Pain Culprit – Head-forward posture (e.g. at a computer); holding heavy purses or bags.
When the levator scapula is in a lengthened position, as with either of the above pain culprits, and then we engage it, it will need to do excess work, resulting in strain. For example, when we carry something heavy in our arms and then try to lift our shoulders, commonly the lev scap can strain. Think about the times you've taken an extra bag of groceries instead of making two trips. That burn in your neck is the lev scap working too hard! When you then try to muscle all those groceries up onto the counter, that's when strain can happen. Look at the trigger point referral pattern below and you will probably remember a time you've felt that exact same pain.
The fix: Stretch and strengthen, and adjust your posture. Stretching the lev scap when you have pain will help the muscle loosen and return to a proper resting state. Strengthening the lev scap is a good preventative measure to allow the muscles to work longer and more effectively, without the strain.
Strength – Basic lev scap strengthening can be done wtih dumbell shrugs.
Dumbell shrugs: hold a small weight in each hand and shrug your shoulders as high as possible. Hold for one count and release slowly. Start with three sets of five, and build up to three sets of 12-15 before moving to a heavier weight.
Adjust your posture – At your desk, think of a string with a balloon on top lifting the top of your head toward the ceiling. Keep your ears centred over your shoulders.
Ask your RMT for assistance assessing your posture and the length and strength of your lev scap, and with any of these exercises.
If you work at a computer, wear a back pack or workout your pecs too much, you probably have internally rotated shoulders. With internally rotated shoulders, comes weakness in the middle trapezius. This happens because the internal rotation is drawing the shoulder blades farther from the spine, keeping the middle trapezius in a constant stretch position. Pain arises because the muscle no longer has the strength | 486 |
Originally from New Orleans, I have lived in Houston most of my life,<|fim_middle|> for a friend or relative?
Are you interested in pricing for a Personal Chef service?
Are you interested in giving a Personal Chef service as a gift? | and over the years have developed a passion for cooking that is inspired by my southern heritage. There is nothing better than getting together with friends and family around a big pot of gumbo and letting the good times roll! I am thrilled to be able to do what I love for a living. I have over 20 years of cooking experience, and was trained in culinary theory and techniques by the Culinary Business Institute in Atlanta. I have been a member of the United States Personal Chef Association since 2003; and continually enjoy the support and professional affiliation of the nationwide membership of personal chefs.
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<|fim_middle|>craft, The Works and Paperchase who offer kits including a variety of embellishments in the form of stickers, buttons and coloured card as well as the essential Album and the tools needed for your next scrapbooking project. | Scrapbooking is the hobby of creating compilations in scrapbook albums, such as keepsakes, pictures, periodical articles and becomes a way in which we can preserve, present and arrange personal memorabilia including photographs, printed media, and artwork. Scrapbooking is said to have started in the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century yet is now very popular in the USA. These Hobbyists are known as "scrappers" or "scrapbookers".
The album can be permanently bound or allow for page insertions. It could be accordion-style and even incorporate fold-out pages .Size wise it can be standard A4 or even a mini album. Other basic materials can include coloured background papers, corner mounts, paper compatible adhesives, scissors and a trimming tool such as the Swann-Morton No.3 handle and 10A surgical quality blade. For elaborate designs then a selection of more specialised tools are available including die cut templates, rubber stamps, stencils, inking tools, eyelet setters, heat embossing tools and personal die cut machines.
Then we have a range of "embellishments" including, fabric, beads, wire ,sequins, ribbons, stickers, lettering stamps which are used to decorate the scrapbook pages. The Scrapbooker may even use cuttings out of magazines for decorating the pages.
Typically Scrapbooking supplies can be sourced through high street retailers such as Hobby | 288 |
Kasshabog is a small lake located in the Great Lakes Basin of Havelock-Belmont-Methuen, Peterborough County in Central Ontario. The lake is located approximately 22 kilometers north of Havelock and has over 500 cottages.
You will need the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print the downloadable map.
The regulated lake level was established in the early 1950s by the Department of Lands and Forests.
Reviewed and maintained in 1960s by the Department of Lands and Forests.
Altered in 1978 and again in 1981 by CVCA in cooperation with MNR.
Lake bottom mapped in 1961 by CVCA. Lake surveyed by MNR in 1973, and updated in 1979.
The CVCA monitors the lake level of Lake Kasshabog via an electronic gauge located on the south side of Connor Bay (it's the concrete and steel structure on the waters' edge near the landing off FR-75 also known as South Connor Bay Road). Levels are recorded every 4 hours. There are also two staff gauges; one located at the west end of the dam, and the other at Stoney Point Marina.
The land surrounding the lake is typical of the Precambrian Shield, with bare rock ridges, and shallow till. Much of the surrounding area is pocked by low wet areas, with organic bottom deposits.
Kasshabog Lake is located approximately 22 km north of Havelock in Methuen Township. The lake receives flow from several smaller tribut<|fim_middle|>Dissolved oxygen distribution throughout the lake showed a gradual decline with increasing depth, probably due to the decomposition of organic matter in the bottom waters. No significant accumulations of nutrients in the bottom waters was noted at any of the monitoring stations.
The density and composition of the phytoplankton (microscopic water plants) indicated an "unenriched" lake condition. The density and composition of the zookplankton (microscopic animals) indicated "moderately enriched" lake conditions.
In summary, Lake Kasshabog had good water quality during 1978, but is considered oilgotrophic, bordering on mesotrophic. Any further shoreline development on the lake should be carefully planned and constructed to minimize or eliminate the addition of plant nutrients to the lake.
"Much of the Northern part of the County is under forest and managed by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources…There are extensive areas suitable for recreational use around the numerous lakes. Thousands of cottages dot the shorelines; many developments are under way to meet the almost insatiable demand for recreational land.
Strict controls on cottage density and sewage and garbage disposal must be maintained if eutrophication of lakes and unsightly environment are to be avoided. Many shorelines are rocky with thin soil cover and unsuitable for septic tanks unless costly installation procedures are followed.
There is a large hectarage of very poorly drained depression basins in the southern part of the county with water table levels at or near the surface for most of the year. These are valuable holding basins retaining large quantities of water which would be drained away and lost to the county. Most of these areas should remain in their undrained state to aid in maintaining groundwater levels.
The joy of catching a fish is a great one; let's keep the opportunity alive by practicing "Catch and Release", so the fish can spawn another generation of rod-bending offspring!!!
Remember to take care when fishing on the bottom near-shore – there are underwater phone lines, water intakes, and anchor lines all ready to grab your favourite lure!
Sportfish in Lake Kasshabog include: Smallmouth Bass, Muskellunge, Walleye, Largemouth Bass, and Rock Bass. Lake Kasshabog is in Fisheries Management Zone 15. | ary lakes. The major inflow is from the North River which is part of the Crowe Lake system (see separate flow sheet). Although the lake has many islands and bays, only MacDonald (Bill's) Bay appeared to be hydrologically separated from the main lake. In 1978, the lake had 16 permanent residences, 504 cottages, and 4 cottage rental units. In addition, MacDonald Bay had 81 cottages along its shoreline. The volume of water in MacDonald Bay flushed itself about twice during the year, while the rest of the lake flushed only about once a year.
Kasshabog Lake had soft, slightly acidic water with a moderately low amount of apparent colour. The hardness, alkalinity, and conductivity levels indicated the lake was well mixed. Thermal stratification (temperature layers) were noted in almost all the bays and monitoring stations. Water clarity was moderately good throughout the lake, and the secchi disk results indicate the lake is mesotrophic, or moderately enriched.
| 211 |
Exquisite makeup<|fim_middle|> the eye. Add eyeshadows of a light purple shade in the middle. The darkest shades are applied to the outer corner of the eye, even going beyond it. Then take a little blue eyeshadow and draw a "tick" on the outer corner of the eye. Next, using the eyeliner, draw arrows and carefully coat the eyelashes with mascara.
Makeup done in lilac shades is ideal for evenings out to the theater, a restaurant, or for other special occasions. In everyday life it is better to use more quiet shades of lilac. This color is original and self-sufficient, and you should refrain from using its brightest variations during the day.
Lipstick should match all the elements of your image; they should be in harmony and "echo" each other.
In general, we can say that the color lilac has truly magical properties. No wonder in many cultures lilac is associated with something mysterious, enigmatic, and even divine. Makeup done in lilac shades makes your look deep and attractive, a special power no one can resist it.
If you want to create makeup in lilac shades, we invite you to carefully study various options in through photos and choose the best one for you!
Like the article «Makeup in Lilac Shades»? Share it with friends! | in lilac shades is all you need to attract attention. It is suitable for both brunettes and blondes, and gives your face a special appeal and charm. For some reason, some girls think that the color lilac does not suit them at all. However, if used correctly the result will be great.
To create a makeup in lilac shades you need an eyeshadow palette spanning from pale lavender to purple. You should also use black eyeliner, black lengthening or curling mascara, and eyebrow pencil. To enhance the effect, buy bright blue eyeshadows. The color blue is quite demanding and you should carefully apply it to your makeup, but this is exactly why blue is perfect in this case.
Use a foundation for makeup to stay longer and to lie down better. Apply the lightest eyeshadows on the upper eyelid, and carefully dye the inner corner of | 179 |
The<|fim_middle|> well. | 'Wow' Factor - Part 3
By Patrick Olsen@PatrickOlsen21 Jul 26, 2018, 12:47pm MDT
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Photo by Bruce Bennett/Getty Images
After doing Part One and Part Two of this series, I still find myself trying to find the right way to describe the Wow Factor, it's not something easily defined. It just, kind of, is. Every NHL player is capable of it from time to time, but to truly be worthy of 'Wow' it has to be fairly consistent. It can't be just a player who does something spectacular a few times per season, it's a player who does it multiple times... Per game.
Over the past 10 years, no one has fit the criteria more than Sidney Crosby.
Sidney Crosby is a player that you watch and admire regardless of being a fan of his team, or if it's a winning team. It's important to remember that the Pittsburgh Penguins were in complete bankruptcy. That doesn't sound like something that would be important when talking about a superbly talented player, but it really is. Even the first year after the lockout, the Penguins were really, really bad. It led them to selecting Jordan Stall 2nd overall in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. The thing was though, they were selling tickets, jerseys, and posters.
When a player like Crosby is in a game, you know you're getting your moneys' worth. You'll go to a game and know for certain that you were going to see something magnificent. Even away arenas would benefit from the Penguins coming to town. Everyone wanted to see this kid, and it wasn't hard to figure out why.
His puck control is second to none. He can fight off multiple defenders through strength, edge-work, and good ol' fashioned determination to buy time for his team mates. Maybe he wants, to find an open player, maybe he wants to get to the net for a shot, maybe he just wants to have you chase him around for a few minutes. There's a good possibility that even he has no idea until the opportunity is there. With him though, everyone watching knows that there's a 100% probability that the opportunity WILL be there. There is no if.
Crosby excels at making the difficult, and the subtle, look extremely easy. Make no mistake, everything he does is intentional, but he wouldn't be getting that benefit of the doubt if he didn't do it so consistently. Sometimes you watch a highlight and think "Why didn't the defender take the puck away?" and under further review, you notice the Crosby moved the puck a fraction of an inch, kicked the puck to his stick, changed his angle by a degree or two, or did a stick lift to make all the difference.
When it comes to Crosby, it doesn't matter what your favorite attribute in a forward is. Maybe you like Skating, possession, shooting, vision, passing, stick handling, or anything else, it's all the same. Crosby is top-5 in every attribute where a forward is ranked. There's a reason he's won every Major award a player can win. He's just a lot better than everyone else. To me, he is the epitome of 'Wow' in today's NHL.
He also makes his teammates better — Not just a little bit either. Pascal Dupuis is a great example. He was a fine player his whole career, sure. Solid defensively, could put up close to 30 points per year, just good to have around in general. When the Penguins traded Erik Christensen, Colby Armstrong, Angelo Esposito, and a 1st round pick for Marian Hossa, Dupuis was just a throw in. Seemed like a high price to pay for a playoff run with Hossa, but it was what a team has to do to try and win sometimes. Load up, pay a price.
At the end of the day, Hossa walked, and none of the assets the Thrashers got ended up being anything at all. What funny though, is even if that 1st round pick had been something good, the Penguins win that trade. Pascal Dupuis didn't play a lot with Crosby at first, but as soon as he played an entire season on his line, he put up 59 points in 81 games. That more value than a team should realistically expect to get out of a late 1st round pick. At the end of the day, if you have Sidney Crosby on your team, you can trade a 1st round pick for a third line player, and still win that trade easily. That third line player you got can score a lot of points if you need him to. That's a luxury teams without that player just don't have.
Sidney Crosby's first universally viewed highlight was in Junior where he scored the Michigan-style lacrosse, goal.
It was pretty easily dismissed as a hot-dog move in a blowout game. The thing is, he just kept doing stuff like that. He's constantly working on his skills at every level. He's been described as a 1st line player with a 3rd line work ethic. Even after his fouth year in the league, he was getting criticized for not scoring enough goals. It sounds silly given that he'd had 39, and 36 goal seasons in the books, already; However, he took up the challenge, worked on his shot and net-front presence over the summer, and responded by winning a share of the Rocket Richard trophy with Steven Stamkos with 51 goals.
The only thing that had ever stopped him from being incredible, was that concussion and a soft tissue injury. Luckily he's been healthy and equally incredible ever since. I'm really liking the baseball moves he's added to his game in recent years.
I have no idea what other skills he still has in his bag, but even though he's 30 now, he's one of those very, very rare players that is going to keep adding skills and smarts until he retires. His body is going to go into decline eventually, but I'd wager his points won't reflect that. When you're dealing with the best of the best, they always find ways to work around minor obstacles like not being 23 anymore.
I hated him when he first came into the league. I'm not sure if he was actually whining, or if the camera was just on him all the time to make it look that way, but by the 2nd year, I couldn't hate him. He's just too much fun to watch.
It's not often a player comes into this league and is the hands-down best for a decade, but it happened here. Crosby has 'Wow' throughout his game. It's an art.
Tomorrow I will finish this series. When that happens, I hope you understand the 'Wow' Factor, even if I didn't explain it all that | 1,459 |
The in-spire-ing builds of Azacore!
You don't know true pain until you've tried to build a round object in Minecraft. Our cube-based game just isn't cut out for spherical creations. I once tried to build a giant egg, and just ended up with a big, cream oblong of failure. The local chickens were so disgusted, they pecked me to death. I deserved it, too.
That's why I'm always impressed when someone manages to pull off sloped, curved and round builds in Minecraft. How did they do it? Witchcraft? Probably witchcraft. It was witchcraft, wasn't it?
Actually, YES! Well, actually, no. These curved towers and spherical domes are the hard work of Azacore, a Turkish builder who specialises in spires to inspire! (which was almost the much better name of this article, until I realised Marsh had already used it. Curse you, Marsh)
Azacore was actually reluctant to get into Minecraft, worrying that playing a computer game "wouldn't improve me much". Luckily, a friend of Azacore's was having none of it.
"He wanted me to join him and everything started with that," explains Azacore. "We used to play Minecraft to explore new lands, hunting mobs or trying to survive. But building wasn't on my mind until I discovered the creative mode."
But in a game about cubes, how did he make round structures with such ease? What's Azacore's secret? "Thank you!" he says, when we compliment his spherical skills. "I can say that I am not one of the best builders but I believe that I can put my ideas into my creations correctly."
"Patience is a very important thing that every builder should have," advises Azacore, of the perseverance required to improve your building skills. "As I said, finishing projects and planning them requires patience. You can't create some qualified things in one night.
"Confidence is another important thing you should have. You can't think that you are not good enough to do a project or share it to the community if you want to have success and be happy. There is always gonna be better builders and good projects in this industry. Focusing on being unique and being happy is what you should aim [for], not to get angry to each other and argue."
"Also, sometimes seeing other perfect creations or builders makes me really ambitious. When I feel like that, I just focus on my project and ask myself, am I doing my best? Being ambitious, that's the only motivation I have."
Still, in a game that lets you create almost anything, why commit yourself to realism? What is it Azacore prefers about realistic builds?
"Realistic buildings requires more effort.
"If you decide to make a realistic build, you must be able to do some texturing and choose correct concepts," Azacore continues. "I have a project named 'Island of Daqhat'. It was one of the projects that I have tried a realistic build."
"Castorotto helped me to discover this style and I really liked it. Also I tried it on my last project, named 'Gecturova Palace'. They take a lot of time, but when you finish it, you will see it totally deserves all of the time<|fim_middle|> gave."
"Being ambitious, that's the only motivation I have."
Azacore's style isn't completely dominated by realism, though. He's also shown a flair for sci-fi, with his vision for a futuristic, sustainable city, The Aviona.
"I am always into something futuristic and modern," explains Azacore, of how he developed The Aviona. "When I hear 'futurism' and 'modern' words, there is a city that appears in my mind and I feel excited. I planned it like I am living on this city, so I felt like that I need to do other stuff (highways, bridges, cars and other things) to complete it as a sustainable city.
"So, planning the project before was the reason that this project looks different (I don't usually plan my projects). I wasn't sure that I will have great result when I am done with this, but now, I am pretty sure."
Well, I'm so inspired, I might just have another go at building something spherical in Minecraft! Or maybe I'll just take a nap. For more of Azacore's work, follow him on Twitter or take a look at his Planet Minecraft portfolio!
Renders by Krylin, Castorotto, Killerack, JoeBricksy and Hylarion | you | 1 |
I was trying to think of a blog to write today, and was coming up with nothing.
In the past 7 days we have opened a world premiere of a play, had a board meeting, answered call after call<|fim_middle|> long line of busy ones. BUT I see a staff ready to dig in. I see the audiences pouring through the doors of the Norris Center ready to learn and to think and to experience, and what I feel might not be expected. I feel gratitude.
Gratitude rings from this corner office in the Norris Center like nobody's business! It's a way of life here. Amid the workload and hours and issues that sometimes arise in the business, we are all so grateful to be able to share these stories – to be able to share our fundamentally human experience through universal story. Even me! Crunching numbers at my desk and sorting through contract negotiations. And I challenge you to try to find a single blog here that doesn't have the same sense of gratitude thriving throughout. You won't. It doesn't exist because the staff is built on a foundation of gratitude and thankfulness. Kristen Coury began this organization with the honesty and genuineness of her own personal gratitude and has drawn a staff and theatre supporters than burn with the same light. Yeah, "gratitude" doesn't even really describe it. It's a way of life.
So, thank you, reader. Thank you for the time you've spent to learn more about our company by reading this blog. Thank you for sharing your support with friends and family and with us. Thank you for adding to the culture of gratitude here at Gulfshore Playhouse, and thank you for allowing us to serve you in offering the highest quality of professional theatre.
So well put, Eryn! I, too, am grateful ……for Gulfshore Playhouse being in my life and in this community. | of ticket buyers clamoring for a chance to see this great show, worked on contracts, bill pay, payroll and other general day-to-day operations, reviewed information from job search candidates, talked to a major playwright (twice), worked with Equity, worked with performers, worked with local vendors, and had a delicious lunch at Captain Kirk's down the street (It's fish taco Tuesday, folks. And it's heaven), and anxiously awaited our next cast that gets into town NEXT WEEK.
Wait…wait, that isn't in the past 7 days. Most of that happened today!
As I look over the last week, and think about our upcoming shows this season, I see a lot of work. Today was just one day in a | 150 |
The annual fright-fest is under the direction of Vic Amesquita. It starts Friday and runs through Nov. 4.
MANSFIELD - Vic Amesquita will be relieved not to see Sylvester Stallone this fall.
Last year while Amesquita was trying to put on "Escape from<|fim_middle|> be open Friday through Sunday this weekend, then Thursday through Sunday the rest of the way.
Gates open at 6 p.m. Doors open at 7.
The cost is $20 for general admission, $30 for a speed pass and $40 for a lightning pass.
"We try to alleviate some of the long lines on the big weekends," Amesquita said. "That general admission line gets really long."
A lightning pass enables the patron to skip the outside line.
Fans also can pay an extra $5 for an immersive touch pass. The cost is included in a lightning pass.
For the dates of Oct. 12, 13, 19 and 20, the cost of each pass will increase by $10.
For more information, visit www.bloodprison.com. | Blood Prison" at the Ohio State Reformatory, he and his crew had to work around Hollywood filmmakers and Stallone, who were shooting "Escape Plan 3" at OSR.
"It was very cool having that movie here, but it did put a crimp on us," Amesquita said.
There will be no such hindrances for this year's haunt, which begins Friday and continues through the Halloween season to Nov. 4.
"People can expect to see some new things," Amesquita said. "We've changed things up quite a bit and added a few rooms."
Amesquita, who lives in Bucyrus and runs Undead Studios LLC, previously worked for Crestline's Robert Kurtzman, a famous Hollywood film director and make-up effects creator.
"It's fun. This is a fun business to be in, but it's a lot of work," Amesquita said. "It (Blood Prison) takes a good chunk of the year. It takes a lot of manpower and a lot of planning to get it how you want it."
Depending on the night, 40 to 60 actors will be at OSR, contributing to the experience.
Amesquita said he has visited haunted locations since he was a kid. He's also a fan of horror movies. Undead Studios LLC makes masks and props for other haunted houses.
OSR, which would be scary with no props, offers a large maze for Blood Prison. Amesquita has set up a variety of scenes, which he said lends authenticity to the experience.
"You want to keep people on their toes," Amesquita said.
The trek takes roughly 45 minutes.
Blood Prison is the biggest fundraiser of the year for the Mansfield Reformatory Preservation Society, which uses the money to make renovations and repairs to OSR at 100 Reformatory Road. The old prison hosts everything from Civil War encampments to weddings.
Amesquita calls OSR a "glorious building that we all love."
It has been a top Halloween venue in north central Ohio for nearly two decades.
"Escape from Blood Prison" will | 437 |
Rookie defenseman Brian Lashoff has been pleasant surprise for Detroit Red Wings
Updated Feb 10, 2013 ; Posted Feb 10, 2013
Brian Lashoff
By Brendan Savage | bsavage@mlive.com
DETROIT – The Detroit Red Wings have had their share of strong debuts this season.
Damien Brunner might be at the top of the list with five goals and eight points in 11 games while rookie goaltender Petr Mrazek turned in a solid performance Thursday in beating St. Louis 5-1 on the road.
But perhaps nobody has been a more pleasant surprise than rookie defenseman Brian Lashoff.
When veteran Jonathan Ericsson was sidelined after crashing into the boards during the season opener against St. Louis, Lashoff was recalled from Grand Rapids of the AHL and he<|fim_middle|> the end of the 2008-09 season. "He's really slowed the game down for me. He's made things easier.
"We don't spend a lot of time in our own zone. I think we feed off each other pretty well and we're making passes out of our zone so I think playing with him has definitely helped me start my career off, that's for sure."
In seven games with the Red Wings, Lashoff has one goal, two PIM and a minus-2 rating.
Against the Oilers, the 6-foot-3, 212-pound native of Albany, N.Y., had a team-high four hits and blocked one shot.
"Outstanding," said coach Mike Babcock. "He's just smart, he's big. He's big and he's smart, so because you're big and you're smart and you're competitive, you get to play lots.
"So good for him."
-- Download the Detroit Red Wings on MLive app for iPhone and Android
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-- Like MLive's Detroit Red Wings Facebook page | 's played as if he belonged in Detroit all along.
Lashoff scored a goal in his NHL debut, has appeared in seven of 10 games since being called up and shows no signs of heading back to Grand Rapids anytime soon.
"He's been huge for us," said veteran defenseman Niklas Kronwall, who has been paired alongside Lashoff since he joined the Red Wings. "He's playing a lot of minutes, killing a lot of penalties. He's not maybe a flashy guy but he's getting the job done every night, making the right decision all the time.
"Lash has been unbelievable ever since he got here in that first game that he joined us in Columbus. He's played really mature, making the easy play with the right decision. He's strong in his own zone and wins a lot of battles one-on-one. He's huge for us on the PK, can't say enough good things about him.
"I'm really impressed with him so far. He's real easy to play with, making it easy on you."
Lashoff, 22, played almost 20 minutes in Saturday's 2-1 victory over the Edmonton Oilers at Joe Louis Arena.
He spent 6:34 with the penalty-killing units, which played a vital role in the victory as the Red Wings killed 5-on-3 power play that lasted 67 seconds in the third period and then kept the Oilers at bay when Johan Franzen was called for closing his hand on the puck with 2:33 remaining.
Edmonton had a 6-on-4 advantage during Franzen's penalty after pulling goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin.
"That was a huge moment in the game," Lashoff said. "We're up by a goal and I think (goalie Jimmy Howard) did a great job and I know a lot of guys did a great job of blocking shots and stuff like that. It was a huge, critical moment in the game, especially when we were up by a goal."
After the Red Wings killed the 5-on-3 early in the third, they came right back and took the lead for good on Kronwall's first goal of the season.
"That was huge," Lashoff said. "That was a big momentum swing. Anytime you can kill of a 5-on-3 it's usually going to give the boys a good boost on the bench and luckily that's what it did and we got the game-winner."
Playing alongside somebody like Kronwall has helped ease the transition from Grand Rapids, where Lashoff had two goals, four assists and 23 penalty minutes in 36 games.
"It's been great," said Lashoff, who is in his third full pro season after being signed by Grand Rapids following a successful amateur tryout near | 576 |
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Ladano lives her dream
An interview with Christine White Woods<|fim_middle|> for a year with world-renowned bass clarinetist, Lori Freedman. As an award-winning Canadian bass clarinetist, Kathryn specializes in contemporary music and free improvisation in solo and chamber settings.
In the fall of 2009, Kathryn was awarded a grant from the Region of Waterloo Arts Fund to make and self-release her first solo CD, Open, which was launched on September 24, 2010. "This has absolutely been a life-long dream and my proudest achievement to date," she says.
In addition to her love of music, Kathryn says that she "enjoys Greek mythology, science-fiction and fantasy novels and films, yoga, stop-motion animation, theatre, travel, corny TV-shows like Monsterquest, Shiraz wine, French fries, daydreaming, and basically anything artistic that requires thought, creativity, and imagination."
Born and raised in Kitchener, Kathryn returned to the Kitchener-Waterloo area in 2006, after living a year in Toronto, when she was offered a teaching job at Wilfrid Laurier University, where she currently teaches the first-year musical skills class.
Arts & Letters recently caught up with Kathryn to discuss both her music and teaching careers.
What do you remember most about your undergraduate experience at the University of Waterloo?
I loved all of my time at the University of Waterloo. I never enjoyed high school and when I entered university, I felt like I'd finally found the place where I belonged. What was great about Waterloo was that there was so much diversity in the arts courses. I could attend my music classes which were small and intimate − where it was easy to get to know everyone and really feel like you belonged − but I could also attend other arts classes in large lecture halls with hundreds of people, where it was easy to just fade into the background, which I also liked to do! My favourite music course was 20th Century Music taught by Dr. Laura Gray. I had the pleasure of being in her classes when she first started teaching at University of Waterloo, and she was my favourite music professor. She expressed so much enthusiasm for each topic that you couldn't help but be inspired and drawn into each class. Studying contemporary music at University of Waterloo was life changing for me, and it had a huge impact on my career path.
How do you feel your education at University of Waterloo influenced your career?
When I began my studies at Waterloo, all I knew was that I wanted a career in music. I had no idea what my strengths were, what areas of music I would find the most interesting, or what exactly I would be doing in the music industry. My studies at Waterloo, I believe, completely shaped me. In first year, it introduced me to contemporary music, which I fell in love with.
I was encouraged to partake in directed studies which allowed me to branch out and learn about alternate techniques on my instrument (also known as extended techniques on the bass clarinet), and I also learned that I had a keen interest in Canadian repertoire in particular. This was also the first time in which I had a bass clarinet specialist, Tilly Kooyman, who I was able to study with on a one-on-one basis. Tilly opened up a whole new world for me. She introduced me to the vast and diverse body of bass clarinet repertoire, and she also taught me a lot about the most renowned bass clarinetists around the world (such as Lori Freedman, who I later ended up studying with).
While at Waterloo, I was able to play as a soloist, a chamber musician, and a large ensemble musician. This experience made me realize that solo and small ensemble playing was what I enjoyed the most, and that is the type of playing that I've chosen to specialize in as a professional. I think it's also important to note that I knew going into university that I wanted to specialize on the bass clarinet, and Waterloo was the only school I applied to that would allow me to do this. Even schools with larger music programs (such as Wilfrid Laurier University), would not allow me to choose this specialization. So, choosing Waterloo and being able to specialize on bass clarinet (rather than on soprano clarinet as most other schools require you to do), was certainly life-altering and has affected everything in my musical life since.
You are currently teaching the first-year musical skills class at Wilfrid Laurier University. As a musician, what challenges does teaching present?
Up until this point, the only real teaching experience I had was with private instrumental music lessons. I taught clarinet, saxophone, and flute for a number of years. As well, I have done some guest lecturing, visiting university composition classes and discussing compositional techniques used when writing for the bass clarinet. I have also coached smaller ensembles and ensembles that perform freely improvised music.
A lot of the concepts are similar to those used in improvisation, as so much of it is about developing the ear and being able to recognize and replicate musical phrases and intervals, so I feel that it really plays to my strengths. The challenge with this type of teaching is that first-year music classes are so diverse. Everyone has a different background, and the comfort level with the course material varies so widely from person to person. Unfortunately, music is just one of those subjects where your high school work simply isn't enough to prepare you for the program. Because of this, there is little consistency in the training that students applying for the program have and some students have to really work hard at catching up in their first year. However, the advantage I have here is that I can completely relate to the students who are unprepared and have to catch-up. When I first started studying music at Waterloo, I didn't have the background that others in my class had and I really had to work hard at catching up during my first year of study.
Do you have any advice or insight to share with graduating students, especially music grads?
I think the best advice I can give is to figure out what it is that you really love to do and to work at that − regardless of what you think your level of success could be. I chose to specialize in an instrument that has many limitations as far as a career is concerned. I say this because professional orchestras generally don't hire bass clarinetists − they hire clarinet specialists that will double on the bass. So already the career opportunities available to me were significantly minimized. Also, I love New Music and Free Improvisation − two of the least popular genres out there!
While I was a student, I always wondered how I could possibly make a go of music when I played an unusual and uncommon instrument with few opportunities, and the music I enjoyed the most had a limited audience with limited . However, this is what fulfilled me. This is what I enjoyed the most. Fortopportunitiesunately, regardless of all the things going against me, I just moved forward with what I loved, and I feel that I've carved out a nice niche for myself. I truly believe that if you really want something, you can get it if you try hard enough and you stay focused on that goal.
To find out more about Kathryn, visit her website.
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Conrad Grebel University College is situated on the traditional territory of the Attawandaron (Neutral), Anishinaabeg and Haudenosaunee peoples. Read Grebel's full land acknowledgement. |
Kathryn Ladano graduated from the University of Waterloo in 1999 with a BA in Music (Conrad Grebel University College), and in 2003, she received her MMus in bass clarinet performance from the University of Calgary. Following that, she was awarded a Canada Council for the Arts grant, which allowed her to move to Montreal and study | 78 |
LIVES OF OTHERSErika Pezzoli
Carola is the first woman in her family to<|fim_middle|> chain, defining her role as a predator. She decided to exclusively consume the meat of the animals she hunts: deer and roe deer.
This is an ethical choice, which includes an ecological aspect: reducing the pollution caused by the consumption of meat. In order to be able to support oneself through hunting, knowledge of the territory is crucial for assessing the risks both in the moment of the shot, but also in the choice of the path to take in order to recover the killed animal.
Mistakes could take a huge toll on the prey and the hunter. The management of a killed animal requires preparation and knowledge that derives from studies and advice handed down from father to son. Good knowledge means less waste and better preparation of meat and skins. In Carola's views being a hunter is the natural role of each human being, linked to habits, precise rituals and to the cyclical passage of the seasons, as happens for life in the woods: man is also an animal and for this reason he also depends on nature.
Photo copyright: © Erika Pezzoli.
Erika Pezzoli (1995) developed an interest in photography in high school, while studying to become a mechanical expert. In 2014 she enrolled in the photography course at the IED in Milan and graduated with full marks. She later studied photojournalism at the FPschool. Between 2018 and 2019 she travelled across Italy with the Fuoriluogo project, aimed at telling the stories of her peers through a series of portraits. This project earned her the Honorable Mention at the Julia Margaret Cameron Award and was exhibited in Barcelona. In February 2020 she participated in the Artepassante competition Indifesa – Art and culture against gender violence and exhibited her work at La Fabbrica del Vapore in Milan with the project Accepting oneself 2020. Her work focuses on stories analyzing issues from an unusual point of view, always looking for new perspectives.
erikapezzoli.com
Lodi, Palazzo Modignani – via XX Settembre, 29
Uno sguardo sul mondo | get a hunting license and she is one of the very few woman hunters in the Valle d'Aosta region, where only 2% of hunters are represented by women. Today hunting has profoundly changed compared to the past. In ordert to protect biodiversity, there is selective hunting now, which is monitored and managed by the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, by the Wildlife Management Committee and by the Forest Rangers.
Carola thinks that hunting is one of the possible natural closing of the circle of life. This choice makes her an active part of the food | 110 |
The Orion crew module is hoisted above a test fixture at Kennedy Space Center in Florida (left); the service module flight model for Exploration Mission-1 arrives in Germany.
Engineers building spacecraft are used to a bit of pressure, but the team assembling and testing Orion at locations across the United States and abroad are preparing for the kind of pressure they like.
In the Neil Armstrong Operations & Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, where Orion's crew module is being assembled, a team from NASA and Lockheed Martin is getting ready for Orion's proof pressure testing, an evaluation that will help verify the structural integrity of Orion's underlying structure known as the pressure vessel. The work is an important milestone on Orion's journey toward its mission beyond the moon atop the Space Launch System rocket in 2018. Last week, the team moved it to a new testing structure in advance of the evaluation.
At NASA Glenn's Plum Brook Station in Ohio, engineers started testing a structural representation of the service module with sound pressure and vibration to make sure the<|fim_middle|> Field Acoustic testing uses more than 1,500 customized, high-energy speakers configured in a circle around the vehicle. This test simulates the intense acoustic loads Orion will experience during launch and ascent on the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. If this test method passes all necessary evaluations it will be used to verify Orion's ability to withstand SLS acoustic loads during its next mission, Exploration Mission-1.
Orion is lowered onto a work stand in the Neil Armstrong Operations & Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Engineers loaded the Orion pressure vessel, or underlying structure of the crew module, into a work stand in the Neil Armstrong Operations & Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Feb. 2. The pressure vessel's seven large pieces were welded together at the agency's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans between September 2015 and January 2016. It will fly thousands of miles beyond the moon on Exploration Mission-1.
The pressure vessel provides a sealed environment to support astronauts and is key for future human-rated crew modules. The Orion team will test the pressure vessel to make sure it's structurally sound and then begin outfitting it with the spacecraft's other systems and subsystems. Over the next 18 months, more than 100,000 components will arrive to Kennedy for integration into Orion. Check out more photos of Orion's trip to Kennedy.
NASA's Super Guppy aircraft will transport the underlying structure of Orion from New Orleans to the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
The pressure vessel, or underlying structure, of Orion for Exploration Mission-1 is heading to Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The pressure vessel was assembled at Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, where technicians welded together its seven large aluminum pieces in detailed fashion over the course of about four months. It will travel to Kennedy on the agency's Super Guppy aircraft. Once it arrives, engineers will unload it into a fixture in the Armstrong Operations & Checkout Building where it will undergo testing and be outfitted with Orion's systems and subsystems.
NASA has selected Charlie Lundquist as deputy manager of the agency's Orion Program.
NASA has selected Charlie Lundquist as deputy manager of the agency's Orion Program. Along with Program Manager Mark Kirasich, Lundquist will be responsible for oversight of design, development and testing of the Orion spacecraft, as well as spacecraft manufacturing already underway at locations across the county and in Europe. Lundquist has served as manager of the Orion crew and service module office since 2008.
Lundquist began his NASA career in 1993 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston in the Space Station Freedom Program and quickly transitioned into the International Space Station Program, where he managed the Russian Vehicle Project Office, serving as lead negotiator for all technical discussions between NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency. In 1997, he became deputy manager of the Element Integration Office for the space station, leading the multi-disciplinary team responsible for certifying the Unity module, the first U.S. element of the space station, for flight. In 1999, Lundquist was named deputy chief of Johnson's Life Sciences Research Laboratories, developing and administering NASA's operations and clinical research process to pursue research objectives aimed at improving health care systems and practices in space. He also served in several other positions in spaceflight research and the Constellation Program.
A native of Dallas, Lundquist received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1984 from the University of Texas at Austin, a master's degree in biological science in 1996 from the University of Houston in Clear Lake and completed PhD coursework in biomedical sciences under a NASA fellowship at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, in 2001. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including NASA's Exceptional Service Medal and Silver Snoopy Award, as well as the JSC Director's Award of Excellence.
NASA has appointed Mark Kirasich to be manager of the agency's Orion Program. The Orion spacecraft is being developed to send astronauts to deep space destinations, such as an asteroid and ultimately to Mars, launching on the agency's Space Launch System rocket.
Kirasich has been deputy Orion Program manager since 2006. He now will be responsible for oversight of design, development and testing of the Orion spacecraft, as well as spacecraft manufacturing already underway at locations across the country and in Europe for ESA (European Space Agency).
Kirasich began his NASA career in 1983 at Johnson Space Center as a member of the space shuttle flight operations team, quickly advancing to the position of lead space shuttle payload officer in mission control. In 1996, he was selected as a flight director in charge of planning and executing NASA human spaceflight missions, serving in that capacity for multiple space shuttle missions and International Space Station expeditions.
"I have seen firsthand Mark's impact on the Orion Program, and previously in key operations leadership roles at Johnson, and I look forward to having him help us extend the success of Orion's 2014 flight test forward," said JSC Director Ellen Ochoa.
Kirasich succeeds Mark Geyer, who became JSC's deputy director in August.
A native of Chicago, Kirasich received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1982 from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and a master's degree in electrical engineering in 1983 from Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including NASA's Outstanding Leadership Medal and Space Flight Awareness Award, as well as a JSC Director's Commendation.
Across the country, elements of the Orion spacecraft are coming together for the first integrated mission with the Space Launch System. At NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, welding began in September on the next Orion destined for space. Next month, NASA will see the arrival of a test version of Orion's service module, provided by ESA, for testing and analysis at the agency's Plum Brook Station, near Sandusky, Ohio.
For more information about Orion, click here.
NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew into space in 2014 has completed its trek from the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida to the Littleton, Colorado, facility of Orion prime contractor Lockheed Martin. Engineers will perform final decontamination of the crew module, continue post-flight analysis and evaluate a new acoustic technology to determine if the method can produce enough energy to simulate the acoustic loads Orion will experience during launch and ascent atop NASA's Space Launch System rocket. Check out images of Orion and read more about the acoustic testing here. | component, which powers, propels, cools and provides consumables like air and water in space for Orion, can withstand the noise and shaking of launch. Meanwhile, at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, engineers are already in the thick of a series of tests that began earlier this month where a representative Orion crew capsule with crash test dummies inside is dropped in Langley's Hydro Impact Basin to understand what the spacecraft and astronauts may experience when landing in the Pacific Ocean after deep-space missions. Langley engineers have already completed three tests in the series and will next add spacesuits and helmets to the test dummies inside to gather more data.
While the stateside team continues to put the crew module through its technical paces, the European team manufacturing Orion's service module has also been making progress. This week the first flight module of the Orion service module, provided by ESA (European Space Agency), was delivered by Thales Alenia Space to the Airbus Defence and Space, which is building it, to its location in Bremen, Germany. There, elements of the service module will be integrated before it's shipped to Florida for integration with the rest of the Orion spacecraft early next year.
Engineers at Orion prime contractor Lockheed Martin's facility near Denver are assessing a new acoustic test method on the space-flown Orion crew module.
Direct | 269 |
Firstly I've got to say how much I've been doing these daily vlogs so far for Project Flex! It's given me a chance to really think<|fim_middle|> a while back. HOWEVER, I feel that now it's time for a change! And I mean a REALLY big change! I miss having dyed hair soooo badly, so I've got a hair appointment booked in for next week, though I'm still deciding on what colour(s) to dye it. Any suggestions?
What colour should I dye my hair next week? | about every single thing I eat, and it's definitely helped me keep accountable. Plus, I've not had to try and squeeze a whole week's worth into one entire 20-minute video, so it allows me to be more real, more myself. You get to see my silly crazy side which, apparently, people seem to like! So I'm going to try and carry on doing these daily vlogs for as long as possible! Obviously if I ever go on holiday then I won't be able to, but I'll warn you in advance if that happens.
TurboFire is going well, too. I do love it so much, because you really feel as though you've had fun and danced, when really you're working several muscle groups at once whilst getting your cardio. Chalene Johnson, the creator & instructor, is just so motivational, and you just want to push as hard as you can. It's awesome that she's liked a few of my Instagram photos too that I put up post-workout! I'm such a fangirl!
There's three weeks until my 5K Race For Life and while I've not been out running recently, I still feel confident that I'll be able to do it in a reasonably good time. It'll be good as a starting point, for my first ever race, because then if I do any more in the future, I have a time to aim torwards for next time! I'd like to do a run to raise money for Crohn's & Colitis UK next, but I think they tend to be down in London. Perhaps I'll just do my own. We'll see!
The wedding planning is going slowly but surely. We've picked a venue, but we just want a second viewing (this time with the mothers!) to really make sure it's the one for us. I don't want to give too much away this early on, but it's close to where we live and it's in a lovely rural area. I guess the next step after confirming the venue is getting all the themes sorted! And the Save the Date cards!
Now, for those of you who know me personally, you'll know that I used to dye my hair rather frequently (usually red, but I've been known to dye it blonde, brown, purple and even black-blue!) Well, for the last six months or so, I've just had my basic boring mousy brown hair, mainly to give it a bit of a rest after bleaching it blonde | 511 |
The 1748 Bakehouse is in review for build-out at 1748 N. Main St. in Springfield. Styles Smith Plumbing Inc. is the contractor for the $165,000 project. City Council adopted a resolution in January authorizing a $55,000 city Commercial Development Area Program loan to Born in the South Inc. for renovations.
Kurt and Allison D'Aurizio established Born in the South. They plan to convert the former Carl's Restaurant at Eighth and Main streets into a 1,500-square-foot, 34-seat bakery and restaurant at an investment of $295,000.
It will create six full-time and two part-time jobs.
The investment comprises $217,000 in space improvements and $78,000 for machinery, equipment, furniture and fixtures.
Funding sources comprise a $160,000 Small Business Administration loan through Florida Capital Bank; $47,000 from the landlord; $33,000 in owners' equity; and the $55,000 CDAP loan.
Springfield United in Springfield: JEA issued a letter of service availability for the proposed Springfield United ice cream shop planned by restaurant owner Andy Zarka at 1401 N. Main St. The building at North Main and East Fourth streets would be converted from a closed service station<|fim_middle|> The Potter's House Soul Food Bistro is coming soon. Potter's House also is listed on the landlord's website as the tenant in 7,959 square feet at the shopping center. The business appears to be relocating from a site 4 miles east at 11876 Atlantic Blvd., at southwest Atlantic and Kernan boulevards.
Panda Express in Atlantic North: The St. Johns River Water Management District gave notice that it would grant a permit for construction of a Panda Express restaurant on 1.08 acres in the Atlantic North shopping center. Panda Express proposes to develop a 2,200-square-foot building at 11929 Atlantic Blvd. at northwest Atlantic and Kernan boulevards. | to the ice cream parlor. Zarka, co-owner of European Street Cafe, said previously he and his wife, Marlo, would open a soft-serve ice cream shop that also sells beer and wine. They plan to lease and convert the 2,000-square-foot building that was developed in 1930.
Nothing Bundt Cakes in Mandarin: The city approved build-out for Nothing Bundt Cakes in the Merchants Walk shopping center at 9925 San Jose Blvd., Suite 3, at a cost of $137,000. Coastal Contracting of North Florida Inc. is the contractor for the 2,750-square-foot project. The bakeries offer Bundt cakes from bite-size to 10-inch sizes. It's the second location for the franchisee, who is considering St. Johns County for a third.
Panera Bread in Regency: Panera Bread is renovating its store at 9301 Atlantic Blvd. in the CB Square shopping center at a cost of $128,341. Davaco Inc. is the contractor for the project to remodel the front of house and bakery point-of-sale area, replace the bakery case at the registers and add a bagel case display, and update finishes in the dining room, where tables and chairs will be replaced. Restroom sinks also will be replaced.
Popeyes in Arlington: Verdad Real Estate Inc., through VRE Merrill LLC paid $490,000 for land along Merrill Road in Buck Business Park for construction of Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen. Verdad bought the land from Buck Business Park LLC. The American National Bank of Texas made a $1.66 million loan to VRE Merrill, based in Southlake, Texas. Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen plans a 2,265-square-foot, 52-seat restaurant and drive-thru on 1.25 acres at 9309 Merrill Road.
Soul Food Bistro in Arlington: The city issued a permit for a wall sign for Soul Food Bistro at 9400 Atlantic Blvd., No. 71, in the Regency Park Shopping Center. Custom Graphics & Sign Design is the contractor for the $3,300 project. A banner sign already up at the former Outback Steakhouse in the Regency Park Shopping Center shows that | 494 |
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BUKC
BUKC: Buckmore Park – Race Report
9th February 2016 admin Leave a comment
Three test days, two intense days of qualifying, and a whole lot of waiting. But no more. Entering its 15th year (and now a moody teenager), the 2016 British Universities Karting Championship season kicked off on the 3rd February at Buckmore Park Kart Circuit in Kent.
The early morning start is never agreeable with the Students, but that smell of 2-stroke is enough to awaken even the heaviest sleeper; that and a large mug of coffee from the Buckmore cafe anyway.
With the weather, amazingly enough, looking favourable for the day's racing, after the drivers briefing it was time. The karts were ready, the drivers set, and with the voice of the BUKC (our commentator for this season, ex-Birmingham driver Andrew Mather) talking us through proceedings…the 2016 season starts now!
Round 1 consists of Sprint racing – six straight 25 minute races from flag to flag. Teams compete in four of the sprints (one per driver) with the lowest race finish dropped.
Race 1 begun with Leeds A's Matt Hirst capitalising on his high grid slot to take the lead early on, and then proceed to drive away from the rest of the field – with only UCL A managing to stay in touch throughout. After some scary moments navigating the maze of back-markers, Matt managed to hold onto his lead and with the sun beginning to shine across the circuit, crossed the line 6.3s ahead of 2nd placed UCL A, who finished a further 6s ahead of Coventry A's Joe Charlton.
York A's James Ludlum managed to hold onto his pole position as they crossed the line to start Race 2, but it was Kingston's Rogan Lungley that managed to come from 5th place to lead the race as they approached the chequered flag; to be denied on the final corner of the last lap by Bath A who stole victory by just 0.4s. York A held onto the 3rd place to pick up some valuable points and hold off a charging James Lambton who had climbed 15 places up the grid to be denied a podium.
Race 3 saw a BUKC first – and it was a long time coming. Cambridge A led the field from pole but a first corner pileup saw a big shakeup in the order – and after some fantastic racing it was a two-way battle between reigning champions Huddersfield A and Scottish university Heriot-Watt A for the win. We may have spoilt the ending a little bit, but with 10 mins to go and Heriot-Watt A's Scott Beattie in the lead and holding off Huddersfield, it was looking good. There were some nervy Scots in the stands as the chequered flag came out and it was Scott that took it, to give Heriot Watt their first EVER win in the BUKC – and the first ever win for a Scottish University in the main championship as well!
First ever scottish win in the BUKC for Herriot Watt A Scott Beattie
Loughborough A and Newcastle A's James DeHavillande put on a show in Race 4, both climbing from low grid slots (12th and more impressively, 26th respectively) to steal the top two spots from Hertfordshire A's Sam Spinnael as commentators curse struck and the almost-inevitable rain began to fall at Buckmore Park. Birmingham A's Club100 veteran Rhianna Purcocks looked set to take the win but an unfortunate black flag robbed her of victory, paving the way for Loughborough A to cross the line first with Newcastle A 2nd, and pole-man Sam from Hertfordshire A finishing 3rd.
To avoid any confusion, this year Oxford's C team were assigned the coveted #69 plate. So, naturally, their<|fim_middle|> Leeds A Matt Hirst
After a short kart-fettling/lunch break, and with the weather holding off after the earlier rain showers, it was time for Round 2 – the endurances races. Each team competes in two 1-hour endurances races, contested by 2 drivers per race. Two mandatory fuel stops add an element of strategy to the races, as teams have to time their stops within the pit windows to ensure they complete them as quickly as possible. With multiple strategy options, it takes great team work to come out on top at the chequered flag.
Enduro 1 begun with UWS leading until being black-flagged for pit-lane speeding (naughty naughty!) and with the sun shining bright it was York A that inherited the lead ahead of Loughborough A – but having not pitted yet. At the second of two mandatory pit stops, a flurry of action saw UCLan's B team come out on top. UCLan are new to the championship this season and after an impressive showing at the qualifiers (qualifying two teams into the main championship at the first attempt!) were proving equally strong opponents during the first race day of the new season.
Loughborough A recovered to 4th late on in the race and were looking strong but a stroke of bad luck hit, as mechanical failure ended their hopes of victory. At the chequered flag it was Oxford Brookes A that won the first endurance race (and their first race of the season) with Heriot Watt A an impressive 2nd and Huddersfield A in 3rd after another superb drive by the Yorkshire team.
Round 1 podium
Oxford C's (A's…) strong day continued as they took victory in Enduro 2, holding off their local rivals Oxford Brookes C and UK rivals Cambridge A. Birmingham's A team finished well, gaining 16 places to finish in 6th after some superb pitstops and solid driving by the pair.
The final race of the day begun with the sun beginning to set and a chilly track bringing a new challenge to the drivers. Brunel A capitalised on the conditions that were beginning to catch out some of the drivers, with an impressive drive from the very back of the grid to take the chequered flag by 1.7s ahead of 2nd placed Oxford Brookes A. Leeds Beckett A finished on the final step of the podium a further 2s back, an extremely tight margin after the full hour of racing!
Just like that, the day's racing was complete! A strong team performance from Oxford Brookes A saw them take the top spot for Round 2 with the 1st and 2nd place finishes, With Coventry A finishing 2nd with a 4th and 5th place, tied on points (with identical finishes!) with UCLan B – who unfortunately had to settle for 3rd place as it was decided on fastest lap time!
Cambridge A finished on top in the Intermediate class with a 2nd and a 11th place finish (5th overall), with Leeds A in 2nd (12th overall) with a 9th and a 16th place. Heriot Watt A came 3rd after their strong 2nd place finish made up for a bad final race 26th place finish.
After Rounds 1 & 2, Coventry A are sitting at the top of the table after their strong performances in both rounds and in November's qualifying, with last years' runners up Oxford Brookes A in 2nd, and reigning champions Huddersfield A in 3rd. A reversal of last years 1, 2, 3 finishing positions!
Cambridge A lead the Intermediates table (8th overall) after two equally superb performances, with Swansea A in 2nd place (15th overall) and Heriot Watt A 3rd (18th overall).
In the Rookies class the next day, Liverpool A took victory with two race wins and a 5th place, with Bristol A finishing 2nd (1st, 5th and 6th) and Cambridge B finishing 3rd (3rd, 3rd and 6th).
Missing the action already? Not to worry – we're back on the 17th and 18th February (just under two weeks away!) for Rounds 3 & 4 and Rookies Round 2 of the #BUKC2016 from Llandow Circuit in Wales. See you then!
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The 10 best British karters ever 24,119 views | A team decided to run under the guise of the C team for maximum, er, effect. The motivation was clearly working for their captain Callum Hughes though, as he started 18th on the grid for Race 5 and took the chequered flag after practically driving through and then away from the rest of the field, with the fastest lap by two tenths in the process. He finished 8.4s ahead of Scots UWS A, with Coventry A's Colin Fox finishing a further 2s back, immediately ahead of their B team.
The final sprint race of Round 1 began with a terribly unlucky start for Leeds Beckett's BTCC driver Max Coates, who was taken out at the first hairpin during a scrappy start in the slippery conditions. A great start for Swansea A meant they lead the race and the halfway point, but they could do nothing to hold off an unbelievably impressive Shaun Arnold from Huddersfield A, who had stormed through the field from 23rd place, and was lighting up the timing screens with fast lap after fast lap as he caught the leaders up by half a second a lap. With just one lap left and up into 2nd place, could he take victory? This time, sadly not – but with a 0.044s margin between him and Brunel A's Cam Walton (roughly half a kart length?) it couldn't really have been much closer! Absolutely fantastic racing.
With that all important race win (and a 4th and 5th place), it was Oxford C (read: A team) that came out on top with 173 points, beating reigning champions Huddersfield A by just two points. Coventry A tied on points with Huddersfield, but with the Yorkshire team securing two 2nd paces, they had to settle for 3rd place.
Newcastle A came out top of the Intermediate teams (5th overall) with a 2nd, 6th and 10th place, with Swansea A 2nd (8th overall) and Cambridge A 3rd (10th overall).
Sprint Race 1 – | 449 |
The last several weeks have seen an abundance of crops enter the weekly box, and the veggies just keep coming! I hope you have been enjoying the abundance, especially this year's bumper artichoke crop!
We've had watermelons (and now cantaloupe),<|fim_middle|>ountiful september.
We just passed week 10 on the farm which means we have around 7 weeks left! We usually end by the second week of October, so enjoy the veggies while they are flowing and freeze or can what you cannot use right away! | spicy mix, more head lettuce, broccoli and cauliflower, cabbage, full sized carrots & beets, new potatoes, colored bell peppers and full size eggplant.
The tomatoes are just starting and should start accumulating in the next few weeks. The zucchini has, I think thankfully, reached its peak. Carrots will continue weekly, beets every other week. We have more head lettuce and fall plantings of tender salad mix coming, as well as a long fall of colored bell peppers, onions, potatoes and an excellent looking winter squash crop, most of which will arrive at the very end – in early October.
We do have some delacata and acorn squash thats almost ready, and some baby pumpkins that aren't far behind. We have two field plantings of sweet corn that should give us a a few more weeks of corn. Finally, we have a nice fall planting of cabbage (including crinkly savoy and yummy red cabbage), as well as fall broccoli and cauliflower – so look forward to a b | 206 |
Owning a Griswold Home Care franchise is more than just a great business opportunity for you; it allows you to live that higher calling. Since our launch in 1982, Griswold has been providing franchise opportunities to people like yourself who want to make a difference in the community and give back to those less fortunate. This recession-resistant industry also provides you an opportunity to grow your business and live the American dream.
Griswold Home Care provides those in need with a variety of services, such as personal care, homemaking, and companions<|fim_middle|>, so RSVP today! | hip.
The Foundation for Your Success: Griswold Home Care launched an industry and continues to set the standard for care and compassion. Our industry reputation will be an invaluable asset to you, starting day one.
Low-Cost Investment Opportunity With Potential for High Returns: Our 37 years of excellence in delivering care to seniors and other adults with disabilities, illnesses, or injuries makes this a great investment opportunity in the booming non-medical home care market.
High Demand, High Growth Industry: Home care is the fastest growing segment in the healthcare industry.
Unparalleled Training Program: Whatever your professional background or experience, we'll make sure you're ready to hit the ground running.
There is no cost or obligation to attend the seminar, but seating is limited and reservations are required. Prior medical or industry experience is NOT required. The 40 available seats fill up quickly | 174 |
Acromegaly, Mr Punch and caricature.
The origin of Mr Punch from the Italian Pulcinella of the Commedia dell'arte is well known but his feature, large hooked nose, protruding chin, kyphosis and sternal protrusion all in an exaggerated form also suggest the caricature of an acromegalic. This paper looks at the physical characteristics of acromegaly, the origin of Mr Punch and the development of caricature linking them together in the acromegalic caricature that now has a life<|fim_middle|> personal injury claims. | of its own.
Photography of operative techniques and pathology during arthroscopy using a second arthroscope.
The use of two arthroscopes is recommended to reduce the time needed for photography eliminating the need to remove video control from the main arthroscope, to record pathology and operative techniques for teaching without an additional light source.
Operating theatre photography for personal injury cases.
Photography, including records taken in theatre, has an important role to play in the legal settlement of personal injury claims. Photographs taken immediately prior to an operation in the anaesthetic room or during the operation provide valuable evidence for civil litigation. The type of operations at which personal injury photographs should be taken range from emergency surgery and minor operations to exploratory or reparative surgery. The value of pre-operative photography is demonstrated in two examples of orthopaedic surgery for | 166 |
The UEMI is a joint initiative of the SOLUTIONS partners and UN-Habitat, building on international activities in the areas of sustainable urban development, energy, mobility, and focusing on the equal access provision of urban basic services in Latin America, Asia and Africa. It supports the exchange of equal and sustainable urban solutions between cities<|fim_middle|> and brings together a wealth of experience and technical knowledge from international organisations, consultants, cities, and experts involved in transport issues and solutions. | from Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa and brings together a wealth of experience and technical knowledge from international organisations, consultants, cities, and experts involved in transport issues and solutions.
UEMI and UN-Habitat are jointly running a Change Maker capacity building programme, which works towards the implementation of sustainable urban development measures, assessing the opportunities for equal access to urban basic services. This partnership focuses on closing the implementation gap between applied research and policy action to foster sustainable development around the world. UEMI develops implementation-ready concepts bringing together local demand, technical expertise and policy advice with financing institutions. These partnerships focus on closing the implementation gap between applied research and policy action to foster sustainable development around the world.
The UEMI builds on the SOLUTIONS project | 151 |
Home Cricket Top 10 Indian ODI Batsmen with Most Away Runs<|fim_middle|> Batsmen with Most Away Runs
Harshit Anand
3. Rahul Dravid – 7,362 Runs, Avg: 37.56, S/R: 68.23
Rahul Sharad Dravid is one of the few players with over 10,000 runs in both Test and ODI formats. When he started out, he was labeled as a Test match specialist. But he not only went on to become a regular in Indian ODI XI but ended his 50-overs career with 10,889 runs. He has to be one of the best grinders the game has seen.
ODI format didn't come to him naturally, but he was too good a player not to adapt to white-ball cricket. The classical right-hander most played in middle-order and was a decent finisher. In 243 away ODIs, the Indian veteran has 7,362 runs with 6 tons and 58 fifties.
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Harshit is a 18 year old student and a die hard Cricketoholic . This quote certainly holds true for him "What do they know of cricket who only cricket know".He is a would be sports journalist and is currently pursuing Bachelor's in Journalism and Mass Communication. Cricket, Music and Travelling are of his prime interests. Apart from being a cricket writer he has keen interest in blogging on social issues. He welcomes all the criticisms and suggestions, and gives prime importance to his readers views so feel free to express your opinions in comments section or reach him through social networking sites. |
Top 10 Indian ODI | 8 |
David Macdonald and Andrew Loveridge mentioned in an earlier newsflash our gratitude to Cara Delevingne for auctioning her personal Tag Heuer wristwatch (with lion face) to raise funds for our project. Through the enthusiastic generosity of the successful buyer, Rebhi Barqawi, the sale raised over £9000 – we are grateful<|fim_middle|> also to create scholarships to enable them to develop projects with us once they return to their home countries. | to Mr Barqawi for pushing the boat out, and supporting us through his purchase. All this was exciting enough, but then came the news that Tag Heuer themselves will match the sum. Everybody should realise how much a sum like this means to us – it could, for example, more than support the training of a Zimbabwean or Botswanan student from our study area attending our full time Post Graduate Diploma in International Wildlife Conservation Practice at the WildCRU's Recanati-Kaplan Centre (see the Diploma pages on our website). One of WildCRUs fund-raising priority is the funding of not only these wonderful young Diploma students, but | 132 |
TD 1 Shookrah Shookrah [self-released] Beck Hyperspace [Capitol Records] Over the years, your writer has made a habit of referring to the work of Cork neo-soul outfit Shookrah as music both for the bombast and celebration of the dancefloor as well as for the pensiveness and introspection of the walk home. Their debut fulllength album marks a culmination of their journey into the future of funk, soul and R&B that began in their semi-regular residency at the venue formerly known as the Pavilion, under the act's previous moniker Moustache Latte. From humble beginnings has emerged a multiheaded beast of forward-looking funk, set equally in laying down bulletproof, synth-powered groove and relating inarguable, thought-provoking, home truths about the nature of love, feminism, and the wider discourse surrounding relationships and courtship in the post-#MeToo era, most starkly laid out in the new-normal manifesto Don't Wanna Doubt You. Notions is a neat little mover tempered by the internal monologue that follows a mis-spent youth, while the shuffling hip-hop groove of album closer Reformer is a natural home for contributions from Limerick rap don God Knows. If<|fim_middle|> to the guitars and heavy drones that have defined the project's live outings thus far. MMGB Trá Phaidín Set a hAon [Sunshine Cult Recordings] Recorded live in one session at UCC's O'Riada Hall in November of this year, Cork improvisation quintet Trá Phaidín have quietly gathered ideas and longform improvisations together into their first, single-track recording, having emerged with intermittent gigs in the city throughout the year. Alternating between folk and psychedelia over the course of 50 minutes, this is a document of a phenomenal sonic quantity, drawing a line between our country's musical tradition, and the second city's rich culture of experimentation and adventure. MMGB The Innocence Mission See You Tomorrow [Bella Union] Pennsylvanian indie folk trio The Innocence Mission return with this stunning collection of soothing, sonic beauties. It's hard to fathom how they have managed to fly, somewhat, under the radar over 34 years! Fronted by Karen Peris and her husband Don, Karen's vocal quirks call to mind Joni Mitchell and Joanna Newsom. See You Tomorrow has a soft, otherworldly magic, suffused across 11 tracks which ruminate on the essence of what makes us human. Every finger-picked string and hummed melody is charmingly dreamy. Fall in love. MMD Now Open 29 South Anne St, Dublin 2 Tel. 01 531 4491 | you've seen Shookrah in the flesh, you'll know this is consistent with the band's incredibly high standards of musicianship and ever-expanding curiosity. Senita Appiakorang is a talismanic frontwoman, with all the power in the world behind a distinct and commanding voice, and her presence is bound to lead Shookrah further into the sweeping, synthy retro-future of their collective imagining. MMGB Like this? Try these: Tyler the Creator - IGOR Funkadelic - Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow Thundercat - Drunk Initially planned as a one-track collaboration, Hyperspace is the eventual product of sessions pairing Beck alongside Pharrell Williams, a partnership that works as well in practice as on paper. Following the unabashed pop of 2017's Colors, Beck retains his melodic charm on his 14th record while also exploring more psychedelic territory across a series of slickly produced, minimalist synthpop, compositions. One of the more intriguing releases of an impressive decade for the chameleonic artist. AL Mantua Mantua [Sunshine Cult Recordings] Originating as a solo project of Cork psych singer-songwriter Elaine Malone, Mantua's self-titled debut was recorded in the surrounds of PLUGD Records, of all places, and features a long-form, improvised drone duet with Cork-based fiddler Niamh Dalton, split across two loosely-related pieces. Equal parts musical conversation and statement piece, Dalton's strings act as a powerful counter and complement in call-and-response action | 318 |
This week, we're listening back to a popular show we did back in 2016, featuring award winning storytellers— telling some whopping tale and lies.
We'll be featuring storytellers from the West Virginia Storyteller's Guild, all of whom have competed and won prizes across the country.
This week time travel back to your own childhood summer memories with the Appalachian storytellers.
The election is over. So this week, we thought it was only fitting to share a few stories, tall tales, and flat out lies— without the political pressure.
After all, here in Appalachia we have a rich cultural tradition of storytelling.
In this episode, we listen to three storytellers from the West Virginia Storyteller's Guild, all of whom have competed and won prizes across the country.
It has been a while since I have named a "Storyteller Award" winner for West Virginia Public Broadcasting. To make up for it, I am naming five – that's right, five – WVPB Storytellers. Each employee was nominated by their peers for excellence in telling West Virginia's story.
Working with Beth Vorhees and the rest of the news crew, Jessica and Roxy have transformed "Inside Appalachia" in many ways.
Welcome to a special holiday episode of Inside Appalachia, featuring music by The Sweetback Sisters, with their album Country Christmas Singalong Spectacular, 2012, and Bob Thompson's More Joy to the World, 2007.
It's easy to panic when a transmitter goes down. Engineer Art Austin keeps a cool head in the middle of that chaos, and that's why he's the August winner of WVPB<|fim_middle|> could have been a miserable task and makes it fun...that's deserving of special recognition. That's why Larry Dowling is our Storyteller of the Month.
This month's Storyteller Award goes to a team who've worked together so much their names have become joined together: Dave and Ashton.
Dave Mistich is our digital editor; Ashton Marra is our statehouse reporter. And with guidance from news director Beth Vorhees, and major assistance from reporters all over the state, they've led our comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the water crisis.
This month, our Storyteller Award goes to an employee whose positive attitude and endless energy makes him a joy to work with: Jeff Sandner.
You might know Sandner as our "All Things Considered" host on West Virginia Public Radio. It's a tough job for one person – newscasts, spots, underwriters, etc. Jeff does it with excellence and with a smile on his face every day.
The 12 Days of Christmas is a popular holiday song. But have you ever really thought about the gifts that person gave? What does one do with 7 swans a-swimming?
Actress and storyteller Karen Vuranch of Fayetteville believes she knows what a smart, resilient Appalachian woman would do with such gifts!
Storyteller, playwright and actress Karen Vuranch of Fayetteville has toured internationally - sharing the area's rich Appalachian culture and history.
Here she shares a favorite Christmas story based on a traditional Scottish ballad.
Fayetteville actress, playwright, and historian Karen Vuranch brings us a lovely passage from a piece written by Richard Matteson called Christmas in the Appalachian Mountains.
It's a time when snow glistened across the roof of a small log cabin perched on a rocky slope, and smoke swirled out of a chimney from the old pot-bellied stove.
There are some people at West Virginia Public Broadcasting that you probably know – Beth Vorhees, Jim Lange, Suzanne Higgins, etc. That's because they're great talents, and they are the people you see on screen and hear on air.
And then, there are lots of folks here you don't know – but are just as important to making sure we can tell the true story of West Virginia.
Today, we're instituting a new monthly award to recognize an employee or volunteer at West Virginia Public Broadcasting who goes above and beyond the call of duty.
Story telling is an old art form in Appalachia. One West Virginia story teller's newest project, a CD of music and stories entitled The Mountain Came Alive, attempts to modernize this tradition by addressing today's concerns.
The CD combines Booth's interest in music and storytelling with 20 tracks that follow the year in the life of a southern West Virginia mountain that is slated for strip mining.
Booth said he wanted to use traditional methods to tell a story to young people about Appalachia and events in the region that are happening now.
On this West Virginia Morning, Beth Vorhees speaks with West Virginia Public Broadcasting Executive Director Scott Finn about our new website, Cecelia Mason speaks with musician and storyteller Adam Booth about his work and Glynis Board brings us an audio postcard from OglebayFest. | 's Storyteller Award.
West Virginia Public Broadcasting maintains transmitters, translators, microwave links and other equipment at more than 30 sites. They stretch from Bluefield to Bethany, Logan to Lost River.
These transmitters and translators deliver our programs not just to old-fashioned aerial antennas. They also deliver our programs to cable and satellite systems throughout the state.
In each of our lives, we have a rock, someone we can depend on when times get tough. You know what I'm talking about: the eye of the hurricane, the wind beneath my wings, that sort of person.
In our development department, that person is Peggy Dorsey, our individual giving manager. For her dedication, Peggy is the recipient of this month's Storyteller Award.
We are preparing for Peggy's retirement this fall and her importance in our development efforts cannot be overstated. She makes sure everything gets done right and on time – pledge drives, premiums, letters, database updates, responses to member questions. Simply put, she does an amazing amount of work.
The winner of this month's Storyteller Award is usually one of the first employees to arrive at our Charleston facility, and often one of the last to leave. He's dependable, friendly, and does his job with a positive and fun attitude. His name is David McClanahan.
It's not always easy to tell West Virginia's story. The weather can be harsh, and resources can be scarce.
So when an employee takes what | 299 |
The Internationalization of Law
Series: Raymond Aron Lectures
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Full Event - The Internationalization of Law
Benjamin Wittes, Strobe Talbott, Mireille Delmas-Marty, and Stephen G. Breyer
PDF File Transcript
Tuesday, Dec 18, 2012 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM EST
Falk Auditorium
1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W<|fim_middle|> benjaminwittes
Brookings Office Of Communications
events@brookings.edu
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Global Governance & Politics | .
On December 18, the Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings hosted Professor Mireille Delmas-Marty to deliver the ninth annual Raymond Aron Lecture. A leading French legal scholar, Dr. Delmas-Marty is professor emeritus at the Collège de France and a member of France's Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. After a prestigious career in academia, including visiting professorships in major universities from the Americas to Asia, and advising the French government on constitutional and legal reform, Dr. Delmas-Marty has focused her work at the Collège de France on the internationalization of law.
Dr. Delmas-Marty delivered remarks on how national bodies of law are increasingly being reshaped by transnational forces, including universal human rights norms, economic integration, and global risks, and the challenges this presents in terms of accountability, legitimacy and predictability. She discussed how direct dialogue among the world's top jurisdictions, such as the U.S. Supreme Court and the European Court of Justice, has also changed conceptions of self-contained national legal systems; and suggest how cross-country comparisons and understanding the evolving nature of international law can help make sense of the rapidly changing legal landscape.
Following Dr. Delmas-Marty's remarks, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer offered a response. Justice Breyer was nominated to the Supreme Court by President Clinton and took his seat in 1994. A former law clerk to Justice Arthur Goldberg, he held many prominent offices in both the executive and the judicial branches of the federal government, and was also a professor of Law at Harvard University, a visiting professor in various universities, and the author of numerous books and articles.
Brookings President Strobe Talbott provided introductory remarks and Brookings Senior Fellow Benjamin Wittes moderated the discussion. After the program, panelists took audience questions. The Raymond Aron lecture series, named after the renowned scholar of post-war France, annually features leading French and American scholars and statesmen speaking on critical issues affecting the transatlantic relationship.
Discussant
Stephen Breyer
Associate Justice, United States Supreme Court
Featured Speaker
Mireille Delmas-Marty
Professor Emeritus in Comparative Legal Studies and the Internationalization of Law - Collège de France
Strobe Talbott
Distinguished Fellow in Residence - Foreign Policy
Twitter strobetalbott
Benjamin Wittes
Senior Fellow - Governance Studies
Editor-in-chief - Lawfare
Twitter | 510 |
Nick Diesing-Fay
Budenholzer Wins Coach of the Year
*Photo via USA Today
The Atlanta Hawks' Mike Budenholzer, who guided the team to the best regular season in franchise history, is the recipient of the Red Auerbach Trophy as the 2014-15 NBA Coach of the Year, the NBA announced today.
Budenholzer received <|fim_middle|> Via NBA.com
There is no question Budenholzer had an impressive season, his team went from an eight seed in the Eastern Conference to having the second best record in the NBA. This all with a team that lacks a true superstar, so they win their games with cohesive team basketball. A system that Budenholzer has gotten his players to buy into.
#NBA #Hawks #Awards | 67 first-place votes and 513 total points from a panel of 130 sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada. The Golden State Warriors' Steve Kerr, who led the Pacific Division champions to a franchise-record and NBA-high 67 victories in his first season as an NBA coach, finished second with 56 first-place votes and 471 total points. Jason Kidd of the Milwaukee Bucks was third with one first-place vote and 57 total points. Coaches were awarded five points for each first-place vote, three points for each second-place vote and one point for each third-place vote. - | 132 |
Wilstrop Hall<|fim_middle|> - 97 views |
Wilstrop Hall for sale in Wilstrop Hall, Green Hammerton, York, YO26 8HA
Wilstrop Hall, Green Hammerton, York, YO26 8HAad ref. FA817F322 - 97 views
The sale of Wilstrop Hall offers an exceptional opportunity to buy an attractive period country house in a private yet accessible location between York and the A1. There is an attractive 7 bedroom period farmhouse with a range of traditional and modern farm buildings and about 38.5 acres of amenity land including formal gardens, woodland and a small pond. Accessed from a quiet country lane the property is in a secluded position.
Wilstrop Hall is situated in attractive open countryside just south of the River Nidd.
Situated just 0.6 miles south of the A59 trunk road, the property is well situated for the city of York, Harrogate and Leeds plus easy access to the motorway network from junction 47 of the A1 approximately 5 miles to the west.
Wilstop Hall
Wilstrop Hall is an attractive period farmhouse with established walled gardens. The principal house has three good sized reception rooms with a breakfast kitchen and orangery. The seven bedrooms are situated across the first and second floors.
To the east of the house lies a range of traditional and modern farm buildings well suited for general storage, livestock or equestrian use. Planning permission was received in October 2001 to convert the large brick barn into a dwelling. The building has had a new floor and been reroofed and it is believed the permission is still live. (Purchasers to satisfy themselves).
Wilstrop Hall is situated within about 38.5 acres of formal gardens, paddocks and woodland.
The northern boundary follows the River Nidd and offers about 300 meters of single bank fishing which has been described as a feature packed stretch containing barbel, chub, dace and roach with occasional brown trout and grayling.
Wilstrop Hall, Green Hammerton, York, YO26 8HA ad ref. FA817F322 | 451 |
You've been offered a spot
You have been offered a spot for our<|fim_middle|> Voices when there's something important to tell you about our choir.
Inner West Voices © 2020 | first session of 2021. Due to Covid precautions, places are strictly limited. Please register below.
Rehearsals start Wed 3 Feb at Stanmore Public School (TBC) and will be run in accordance with a strict Covid Safe Plan.
Rehearsals are from 6:30pm to 8:00pm. There may be some extended rehearsals, finishing at 8:30pm.
Our rehearsals run up to Wed 14 July with a performance planned for the evening of Saturday 17 July.
Fees are $305 per semester ($229 for full time students), which works out roughly $12.20 per rehearsal. Fees are payable per semester, due upon registration. Oh, and there's a paypal $8 transaction fee.
You'll get: sheet music, weekly rehearsals, performing at the end of the semester. We also have optional extra performances and vocal workshops.
Inner West Voices is a registered non-profit organisation. So everything goes straight back into running the choir.
General $313.00 AUD Full Time Student $229.00 AUD
Alto Soprano Tenor Bass Not Sure
Want to know when we're next performing?
You'll only get updates about Inner West | 267 |
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Applied Materials plans up to 1,500 job cuts
SANTA CLARA, Calif. (AP) — Applied Materials, which makes chip equipment, said Wednesday that its fourth-quarter profit fell 40 percent and that it would eliminate 1,300 to 1,500 jobs as it grapples with a downturn.
The company says the job cuts represent 10 to 12 percent of its global work force and are part of a reorganization to save $450 million a year. That is in addition to the $460 million in cost cuts it achieved in fiscal 2009, which ended Oct. 25.
Applied Materials said it expected to take a pretax charge related to its restructuring plan of $100 million to<|fim_middle|> a year earlier.
Excluding one-time items, earnings were $177.2 million, or 13 cents a share, compared with $263.9 million, or 20 cents.
Sales fell 25 percent, to $1.53 billion, from $2.04 billion. Results beat the profit of 3 cents a share expected by analysts polled by Thomson Reuters.
Net sales fell in all business lines except display business.
For the year, Applied Materials lost $305.3 million, or 23 cents a share, compared with income of $960.7 million, or 70 cents a share, in the period a year earlier. Sales fell 38 percent, to $5.01 billion, from $8.13 billion.
© 2023 www.goupstate.com. All rights reserved. | $125 million, most of which will be booked in the first quarter. The job cuts will be completed in the next 18 months.
The company earned $137.9 million, or 10 cents a share, in the quarter, compared with $231.1 million, or 17 cents, in the period | 73 |
We want to restate this article is not a "be-all" "end-all" article that will solve every 'tactical' problem. It is written solely to introduce the concept of tactical movement to those with little experience or knowledge in this area. Theory and Reality are two different things; what works in the classroom will not always work in "life". Spotter Up will assume "no" responsibility for any use or misuse of information from this article. This article alone<|fim_middle|> with respect to time, place, manner, agent, etc., that accompanies, determines, or modifies a fact or event; it is a modifying or influencing factor. Keeping this in mind, know then, there are no fail safe entries. Every entry by units has pros and cons and there are far too many elements to list here. Trying to list every element would only cause more confusion. Practicing a technique will elicit the reasons why.
Single File Formation: This technique can be used if moving down a hallway. The size of the area, the number of personnel moving in a team and the items which require attention during movement (objects other than people, windows, doors, person (s)) dictates the speed and distance each *operator stands from another operator.
Security at the front is provided by the lead operator (red). Rear security is provided by the rear operator (orange). Any threat that appears forward of the lead operator must be handled by him. Any threat that appears at the rear of the team must be handled by the rear operator (orange). The remaining team members follow in a single file formation directly behind the lead operator. (red). The left and right sides of the lead operator are covered by the second and third man in the file (yellow, green). Any threats appearing from nearby doorways or windows on either side of the hallway must be addressed by each respective team member. The team must maintain security during the movement.
Pacing movement should be smooth and not an accordion-like effect with team members attempting to catch up with their partners. The leader sets the pace and should not get overwhelmed by overtaking his area and thereby degrading the effective coverage his flankers and rear security must provide. Too much stimuli can overwhelm team members; a danger from doing this is team members walking into the other's sector of fire; maintain your areas.
The single file technique can be used by small or larger teams. The single file technique might be the only option for teams to use when moving down narrow hallways. A heavy-headed formation (T-formation with 2-3 people in front) or double-file formation is best suited for wider hallways because men can spread out and walk shoulder to shoulder at the front of the file. The single file formation is restrictive and slow when opposing doors appear in view.
A ballistic shield can be used to great effect with the single file technique. The second or third man covering the left and right sectors may find their field of vision limited because of the position of the first man with his shield.
This is a very easy technique to maintain. Fire power and security are not optimal using this technique. The cartoon images below illustrate movement of the team (red arrow), items that require their attention (rear door and front doorway) but does not dictate how much gap is between members.
Double file movement will be covered in another article.
Images property of Spotterup. Please use as you want but please give Spotterup credit. | will not make the reader an expert in tactics or in firearms nor can it be used as a substitute for PROFESSIONAL TACTICAL TRAINING or WEAPONS TRAINING. Spotter Up advises you to visit our site for training courses with a certified instructor On ALL weapon platforms.
Circumstances are an attribute, detail, or condition | 70 |
The adult Journey class meets every Sunday from 9:30-10:30am in the Youth Room by Fellowship Hall.
The lesson each week comes from The Wired Word which is a weekly publication that is sent directly to the leader of the group who then emails it or hand delivers it to each student usually the Thursday before class. Each lesson includes biblical commentary and discussion questions related to a provided topic in the news that week—sometimes even the same day. It is an easy way to weave current events and<|fim_middle|> provides thought-provoking, stimulating questions that allow the group to see the relationship the Scripture has to our everyday life.
All adults are encouraged to join the fun & lively discussion! We hope you will come and learn with us! NO sign-up necessary!
This is a traditional Sunday School class that focuses on a section of the Bible at a time.
Join this laughter-filled Fellowship with friends from throughout the Louisburg community! Bring some snacks or a dish to share and join a table to play Mexican Dominoes.
All women are welcome to attend this group which includes a time of fellowship, lunch, a study of a current sacred book, and mission projects.
Beginning Thursday, February 7, 2019, the book "The Thirteen Apostles" will be read and discussed beginning at 4:30pm! All are welcome!
Books will be approximately $11. We will order the books after everyone has signed up on the sheet in the lobby or see Shawna at the Connection Desk or call the office 913-837-2374 (Tues-Thurs). | appropriate Scripture drawn from both Testaments to see how that particular news item can fit into a biblical context. After reading the news article, the lesson | 29 |
You shouldn't have to take a class to learn how to use your combi. The Vulcan ABC7-P is as easy to operate as a convection oven. Just set temperature and time, and let the preprogrammed humidity do the rest. It's the only restaurant combi oven anyone can just walk up to and start using. No training required.
Easy controls for more versatility.
The ABC7-P takes the complexity out of combi cooking and puts the power of versatility in your hands. Prepare about 90% of your menu, from grilled steaks with perfect caramelization to baked goods with flaky crusts, all in one inventively easy-to-use oven.
Try our combi simulator. Dial in temperature and time, and watch the humidity adjust automatically.
Maintaining a strong team in your kitchen is both a priority and a challenge. When turnover does occur, the ABC7-P makes it easy to onboard new hires quickly, eliminating frustration for both of you. Because it works how experienced professionals are used to cooking, new team members are proficient immediately, regardless of language barriers.
Set the temperature, time<|fim_middle|> filtration based on customer water quality is essential to meet the equipment water spec requirements. A suitable water treatment system and regular filter replacements coupled with routine cleaning/deliming is required. | , and go.
Anyone with the skill level to use a convection oven already knows how to use this combi. Operators can simply choose the temp + time, and the optimal humidity is auto set. With no training required, your kitchen can start experiencing the versatility of combi cooking immediately.
To bare your soul on every plate, you need to be able to focus on your artistry, not your oven's interface. The ABC7-P hands you the reins so that you can achieve your vision. Roast, bake or poach beef, chicken, pork, veal, fish, and more exotic proteins to your selected temperature. Execute complicated bakes to perfection, from beef Wellington to baked Alaska. And keep appreciative customers coming back for more.
Control every setting with ease.
For chefs who want more autonomy, the ABC7-P hides nothing so you can control everything. Adjusting the auto-set humidity is as easy as turning a dial. Cook to exact temperatures with the integrated food probe. And select from three fan speeds to achieve perfectly even results, especially when cooking delicate items.
Focus on creating your menu, not programming it.
Most combi ovens are so complex, users often resort to using it as a steamer or convection oven, bypassing the speed, precision, and versatility of combi cooking. With the ABC7-P's exclusive auto humidity settings, your kitchen can realize the benefits of combi cooking without the burden of programming every recipe and item on the menu. Right out of the box.
Investing in a sophisticated combi oven takes careful consideration, but the benefits are clear: Faster ticket-to-table times, Higher yield with less waste, Increased overall product quality, and most importantly, happier customers and better reviews. If your combi is too complex, and you're using it solely as a steamer or convection oven, you're missing out. With the ABC7-P's auto humidity settings, you're always combi cooking, so you get the most out of your equipment every day.
Combi cooking without the learning curve.
Vulcan's exclusive ABC algorithm lets you focus on what you do best—cook. We've stripped away complexity by presetting the ideal humidity based on temperature. So you're always combi cooking, no matter what you're preparing.
Engineered to make your life easier.
Just steam for 10 minutes, and wipe down. No special detergent required.
Cool-to-the-touch, energy-efficient, heat-reflective, tempered glass door.
NOTE: Water is a customer supplied utility just like Gas and Electric to the equipment. Proper water | 526 |
New trans-Tasman conservation alliance formed to tackle global environmental and social challenges
In an effort to address global environmental and social challenges and promote connectivity conservation, three of the world's leading conservation initiatives have formed a new trans-T<|fim_middle|> our greatest environmental, social and economic challenges. Issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, disease spread and declining community health," said Gary Howling, Executive Director of the Great Eastern Ranges Initiative.
"The CALLANZ network harnesses the power of collaboration and knowledge sharing to further enhance the impact we can all have on the ground. There are many commonalities between the three initiatives, and it's often by working across borders and sharing ideas that we can identify new, innovative solutions to the complex problems we are facing."
In acknowledgment of the official start of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration on 5 June, CALLANZ has launched a new webinar series to aid the practice and science of connectivity conservation through the sharing of knowledge, tools and lessons learned.
"We welcome the launch of this vital decade which could not come at a more critical time. The COVID-19 pandemic and 2019-2020 bushfire crisis have highlighted the urgent need for us to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of our environment. What we do over the next ten years is pivotal," says Gary.
"We recognise that people and nature are one and that connection is the basis for positive environmental and social transformation. We cannot meet our global challenges in isolation. Therefore, collaboration during these difficult times has become more important than ever. Working in harmony together is what will make a real difference," says Eamon Nathan, CEO of Reconnecting Northland.
The CALLANZ trio (from left to right): Gary Howling (Executive Director Great Eastern Ranges Initiative), Eamon Nathan (Pou Manatū Reconnecting Northland) and Keith Bradby (CEO Gondwana Link).
Keith Bradby, CEO of Gondwana Link says that our communities response to recent events has shown us that change can happen.
"We've seen that a lot of people can turn on a dime in response to events when they're motivated. The pandemic has also resulted in greater recognition of the importance of a healthy environment and of the role of large landscape conservation in ensuring that. We will be harnessing that newfound awareness and enthusiasm to help build back better," says Keith Bradby, CEO of Gondwana Link.
These and other topics will be up for discussion at the first Art of Connecting webinar on 3 June 2021 – We are Nature: Enhancing connections between human and environmental health. The next two webinars in the series, which will focus on natural solutions and wildlife movement, will take place on 6 September and 20 October 2021 respectively.
"We want to help build the skills and capacity of landholders, communities and organisations across the Tasman. Everyone has something to contribute, and it is only by all working together that we can successfully overcome our local and global challenges," says Gary.
The Nowanup Ranger team plant seedlings at Yarrabee in Western Australia – one of the properties contributing to the Gondwana Link vision – in the shadow of the Stirling Range. | asman alliance.
The Conservation Across Large Landscapes Australia New Zealand (CALLANZ) network – comprising the Great Eastern Ranges Initiative and Gondwana Link in Australia and New Zealand's Reconnecting Northland – was formed in response to the need to rapidly ramp up efforts to halt and reverse the degradation of the environment for people and planet.
"Connectivity conservation – which protects, connects and restores landscapes at scale– provides a comprehensive, integrated natural solution to many of | 96 |
With the creativity of man, various designs already came up not just for the things we use everyday but also for the stuff in our homes.
There are different decorations and accessories that we can add in our interior. In our exterior, there are varying materials that can create a unique look to it. Our garden will not be left out because there are also some items made for it that can certainly make it beautiful.
The garden can be decorated with plants in plant boxes, water features like fountains, pathways, pavers, and even big structures like a pergola. But there are some garden decors that combine two different elements like a planter water feature.
The details in this urn with fountain are very beautiful. It is even enhanced with the addition of green plants at its bottom.
An impressive modern water feature with a planter in the center. The combination looks good especially with the white<|fim_middle|> the flowing water. It is given more life with the plants on it.
You might look at this as a plain feature but with the plants and water in it, it sure looked better.
Water coming from this bowl of plants is an amazing site. The sound from the flowing water can even add more verve to the area.
Beautiful water feature and planter in one. The exposed brick wall background is certainly a beauty!
This one is surely a unique design! Aside from this head, the part where the water falls is equipped with LED lights.
A modern water feature and planter with sleek design and straight lines.
You would like at this as a simple design but as you stare longer at it, you will notice its beauty with the cascading water.
Another simple yet lovely water feature and planter in one. Same as the previous entry, this one also has cascading waters.
This is a big structure but you can see how they combined a water feature and planters in it. Isn't it lovely?
Having a water feature in your garden is a good addition to its beauty and can also add life to it. But combining it with plants even makes it more beautiful. You can see that through the images we have given you above. The varying design and sizes of these elements gives homeowners a vast number of choices for a planter water feature.
This is about the 12+ Designs of Planter Water Features you can find many pictures related to the article which all the pictures are the best pictures. Click the picture 12+ Designs of Planter Water Features to find the original size and you can download it for free. We have collected many pictures of the 12+ Designs of Planter Water Features so you can get informations you are searching for, we have specified the category in 12+ Designs of Planter Water Features Information. to make you easier in searching the informations. | stones in it.
Want a unique feature for your garden? Why don't you try this with an opened barrel design and a fountain.
This one is similar to the first entry but this has a different design for the urn since this looks simpler with ribbed style.
A fountain is always a good element for a garden but placing planters below it makes this a good garden focal point.
Looks familiar? The concept is the same as an entry above but this one is smaller and is made of concrete with some iron touches.
Striking due to its lights and | 111 |
Muscle Groups
Fitness 911: 6 Super-Fit Men And Women Who Serve And Protect
Jeff O'Connell
For these six men and women, fitness is a calling, a lifestyle, a sport, and a survival strategy. Learn from people who risk their lives to protect ours.
As Officer Daniel Banks tells it, every bar in America is littered with guys who think they're MMA fighters because they watch it on TV while sucking down beers. But the police chief in Tripoli, Iowa, knows all too well that not every adversary is a big-talking wannabe. He takes no one for granted.
"Many prison inmates weight train two or three times per day, 365 days a year," says Banks. "When they're released back into society, I may encounter them in a criminal situation. So when I go to the gym, I train as though I'm fighting for my life."
The truth is that public servants like Banks are fighting for our lives, not just their own. They battle criminals, natural disasters, and manmade calamities so that we can sleep at night and work out when we please. They plan for the unplanned and think about the unthinkable. Police officers, SWAT members, federal agents, firefighters, and paramedics are the saviors we need most when we expect it least.
We've all heard about emergency moms who can lift a ton without training to save their babies. But the public servants who see tragedies frequently can't rely on such once-in-a-lifetime feats of strength. They need fitness that works around any excuse, overcomes any hurdle, and is every bit as strong as it looks.
Meet six everyday heroes who are up to the dual challenges of destroying workouts and preserving society. Ride along with them, and learn what "functional fitness" is all about.
1 Armed for Battle: Officer Daniel Banks
A 10-year police veteran, Banks says he'll do whatever it takes to apprehend a suspect. He can back this attitude up with years of hard work pushing heavy iron in the gym. The results he's been able to achieve have been impressive enough that he placed fourth out of 60 competitors at the 2010 "Muscle & Fitness" Model Search, his first and only contest. The 34-year-old, who stands 6-foot-4 and weighs 275 pounds, now represents Optimum Nutrition as a sponsored athlete while continuing to fight the bad guys.
What's your biggest challenge as a public servant and athlete?
"Finding time to get to the gym, let alone get in a full workout. After a 40-hour workweek, it doesn't matter if you're at your daughter's first birthday party, church, on vacation, in the middle of a workout; you can be called away at a moment's notice, 24-7. Then there are court cases and appearances, interviews that may have to be scheduled around what works for the suspect or victim, community projects, and so on. I find that I'm often the last guy to leave the gym as a result of these demands, but I still love my job and I love working out."
Workout tip: "Make the most of the limited time you have by focusing on the quality of each repetition, not just how much weight you can move. In addition, slow down your movements to work on both the concentric and eccentric parts of the repetition."
2 Arresting Officer: Detective Sandy Avelar
Sandy Avelar has time for everything but excuses. She does great work, looks great doing it, and still makes time to volunteer. She's been doing police work for 15 years, including her current stint as a gang detective and riot squad member in Vancouver, British Columbia. The 5-foot-7, 130-pound stunner is also preparing to compete in several IFBB Pro Bikini contests this spring and summer. But even with these demands, she still finds time to sit on the board of directors of the Boys Club Network for at-risk youth.
How has being a police officer made you better in the weight room?
"I've been a police officer for many years, so I've learned many lessons. Number one is that quitting is not an option. If I quit on the street, it could mean serious injury or death. I take the same approach in the gym. When I think I have nothing left, I push a little more. Even when it feels like I have nothing left to give, there's always more deep inside me."
Supplement tip: "Bring your protein shake to the gym and drink it before you leave. Your workout isn't done until you've had it. And don't be content with choking down a flavor you don<|fim_middle|> to be normal. Much of the social aspect of on-duty crew life revolves around crew meals and, given that my lifestyle demands far different food choices than most people are interested in or prepared to make, I often find myself having to fend for myself during meals. But in the end, when you weigh all the plusses and minuses of working in the fire service, I wouldn't change a thing."
Workout tip: "To make the most of the limited time you have, get creative and use movements that really get the job done. I complete my biceps workout with a peaking movement, curling a bar attached to a cable on a preacher bench. The preacher bench forces the rest of my body out of the equation. This is one of my favorites, especially pre-contest."
Jeff O'Connell is the editor-in-chief for Bodybuilding.com. Train ranked him 19th on its list of 50 influential people in the fitness world. | 't like. My favorite powder is I-PLX Protein by Precision. It mixes well and isn't gritty."
3 The Shredded Paramedic: Tamika Webber
You're trapped in your car after an accident, badly injured, hoping someone can save you before your life goes up in flames. You need a strong, capable emergency worker like Tamika Webber, a paramedic and figure competitor from Melbourne, Australia. Webber teaches advanced life support to fellow paramedics, but is also a tireless competitor who most recently placed second in the tall class at the IFBB Nationals in 2012.
What has working in emergency services taught you?
"To never take my health for granted. You are never too young or too old to make changes to your health. I learned more from one day on the job as an emergency paramedic than in the seven years I spent at university studying anatomy and physiology. Today, I work with obese patients, cancer patients, partygoers who OD, the elderly, and I take away lessons from all of them. There's nothing like the seeing the effects of illness, much of it avoidable, to increase your own drive and determination in the gym to become fitter. Train hard!"
Motivation tip: "I follow the adage that reality is the mirror of your thoughts. The more you put in, the more you get out, and that includes fitness. There's no quick fix or magic potion to achieving your goals overnight. Rather, you must set small achievable goals and stay focused on them."
4 Swole Patrol: Joe Palumbo
You're depositing your paycheck at the bank when suddenly you hear shouting and find yourself staring into the business end of a gun. You best hope may be SWAT team members like Joe Palumbo.
A 24-year police veteran, Palumbo is now a member of a SWAT team in New York. He's also been an IFBB professional bodybuilder since 2001, bringing his 5-foot-7 frame down from 250 pounds off-season to less than 220 for contests. For good measure, he's a certified Navy Seal fitness instructor and the director of physical performance for Infinite Labs.
How do you balance SWAT obligations with your fitness goals?
"SWAT and fitness are both 24-7 pursuits. We are a group of dedicated, highly trained, highly motivated officers who are on call 24 hours a day, every day of the year. We must be ready and prepared for a call-out on a moment's notice.
To also be truly dedicated to fitness—and in my case, bodybuilding at a pro level—there is no room for, 'Oh, I'll just skip today.' Because of my tactical training mentality, I always plan ahead and have a backup plan for my training and nutritional needs. All my meals are prepared hours in advance, and I always have enough for a 24 hour-span. Honestly, I wouldn't have it any other way."
Workout tip: "When it comes to training, technique and approach are as important as exercise selection. Tearing down your muscles should only take a short time. One of the best ways to rip up your pecs quickly is to work to muscle failure."
5 Packing A Punch: Mike Kurzeja
Mike Kurzeja has an 18-year background in law enforcement and now works as a federal agent for the U.S. government, but his title might as well be "Certified Badass." The 5-10, 168-pounder has been boxing for 25 years. He went undefeated as a super-middleweight, but he has also weighed in as a light-heavy. This father of five boys and Optimum Nutrition-sponsored athlete is undoubtedly one of the toughest customers in the quiet town of Downers Grove, Illinois.
Agent, father, and fighter—how do you keep it all together?
"I have a schedule that can vary from day work to afternoon work to midnight shift work at a moment's notice. In addition, I sometimes travel, which means I can't always work out at the same place. As a result, I have to be flexible and adapt my workouts to different times and different places. Where there is a will there is a way, though. I don't miss workouts, and worst-case scenario, I can always do a core bodyweight workout in a hotel room or run outside if a gym isn't available."
Diet tip: "Keep nutrition simple and systematic. Aim for a macronutrient breakdown of 40 percent high-quality proteins, 40 percent carbohydrates, and 20 percent healthy fats. Supplement your daily caloric intake with protein powder and pre- and post-workout drinks as needed."
6 Fight Fire With Fitness: Nadine Young
You wake up at 2 a.m., choking on smoke because the wiring in your home has caught fire. The better conditioned the firefighters coming to your rescue are, the better your odds of survival. And few are better conditioned than Nadine Young, 33, who has been extinguishing flames for almost 10 years in Toronto, Ontario. The 5-foot-5 Young is a top Canadian figure competitor and fitness model, as well as a personal trainer, nutrition counselor, and the owner of a tiling business.
How do you juggle your public, private, and professional obligations?
"The never-ending rotating shifts take a physical toll, and the lack of normal schedule often makes it tough to do many of the things that non-shift workers consider | 1,135 |
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This University Handbook is for informational purposes only. Every effort has been made to assure accuracy. However, should any conflict arise between the explanations presented | 32 |
More than 30,000 islands spread off the Swedish coastline in the Baltic Sea. This is home to the worlds toughest endurance race – the<|fim_middle|> with more than 100 events in Europe alone. The world's best teams still come back to the ÖtillÖ every year, either through qualifying events or a lucky ballot, for what is classified as the swimrun world championship. | ÖtillÖ ("ö till ö", or island to island). Participants racing as a team of two must run and swim across 26 of the islands, from Sandhamn to Utö. A total of 75km, if you manage to navigate the currents and rocks in a straight-ish line.
They call this a swimrun. A race that alternates multiple times between swimming and running. You can't stop and change kit during the race, which means running in your wetsuit – usually cut above the knee – and swimming with your shoes on. It might sound odd, but the chance to race across rugged and often wild landscapes easily makes up for this inconvenience.
Six years ago the sport didn't even exist. There was just the ÖtillÖ race, invented by a group of Swedes on Utö looking for a challenge. But as word of the annual event spread, it picked up imitators and, through one of its early competitors Erika Rosenbaum, the name swimrun.
Now it's one of the fastest growing endurance sports in the world, | 221 |
First Look: Big Mamma's Burritos In Gordon Square
Bobcats rejoice<|fim_middle|> Allie La Valle-Umansky, Jeremy Umansky and Kenny Scott - the chefs behind Larder Delicatessen & Bakery and Edwins - were named in the annual foodie awards. By Annie Nickoloff
Cleveland is a city of flavors. Classics from longtime restaurants and flashy new fare are both big parts of Northeast Ohio's ever-changing dining offerings. If you've ever wondered what to eat for breakfast, lunch or dinner, consider this the ultimate menu of bites to try out in the city and its surrounding suburbs. Don't expect to see any national chains here; these are tried-and-true Cleveland staples, reflecting the city's unique melting pot of cuisine. By Kate Bigam Kaput, Annie Nickoloff and Dillon Stewart
All Regions Downtown West South East | ! The Ohio University favorite for late-night food and Cali-style burritos has hit Gordon Square.
Like a drunken flashback, I feel at home as soon as I walk into Big Mamma's Burritos. Sure, I hadn't traipsed down the red bricks of Court Street from The C.I. to get there, and it's barely 8 p.m. instead of the 2:00 a.m. ritual of my Ohio University days. But as a little Chipotle Ranch drips onto my Bobcat green "Take Me Back To Athens, Ohio" T-shirt, something familiar bubbles up in my guts. "We've been woven into the fabric and the DNA of the collegiate experience for generations of college students," says co-owner Jerry DePizzo, whose saxophone playing in the Ohio State University-launched jam band O.A.R. also played as the soundtrack to its own fair share of keg parties. "Our growth strategy is basically to go to the areas where people that go to OU come from." The restaurant first set up shop downtown at the Whistle and Keg Brewery and Beer Hall but didn't quite take off due to varying hours and being hidden in a shared location. After COVID-19 and the May 30 protests diminished foot traffic downtown, the brand bolted to Gordon Square. "After first touring Lakewood, we just thought we were a great fit for Gordon Square, and we thought Gordon Square was a great fit for us," he says. Here's a few things to know about the new burrito spot.
If you're looking for an authentic Mexican meal, go to La Plaza Supermarket. But if you want some star spangled stoner food, Big Mamma's delivers with options such as The Philly ($7.95), a torpedo of steak, sauteed onions, tater tots and chipotle mayo, and the Cinci-inspired Chili ($8.95), filled with Skyline Chili, rice, sour cream and more. Yet, mild options such as the signature Chipotle Ranch ($7.95), vegan selections such as the Vegan Chorizo ($9.95) or the Beyond Burrito ($9.95), and the choice to build-your-own burrito ensure there's something for everyone. "We try to surprise and delight our customers with our own adventurous styles and flavor profiles," says DePizzo. "At other burrito restaurants you get the same thing every time through a conveyor. We make every burrito fresh for you, exactly how you want it, no matter your pallet or diet."
Located in the historic Gordon Square Arcade, the takeout-focused space offers tall ceilings and a big glass front with two high-top tables that will feel roomy to anyone who's squeezed in to the Athens location during the late-night rush. Muralist Clint Davidson of Columbus marked the space with an orange-red-and-blue mural depicting a Godzilla-sized Big Mamma's logo over the Cleveland skyline. "We wanted to represent not only the Big Mom's brand, but also elements of the local community as well," says DePizzo. "We want our brand to feel like home, like part of the community."
Big Mamma's was expanding even before DePizzo and co-owner Matt Crumpton, who previously owned the Ohio-based late-night calzone franchise D.P. Dough, bought it out in February 2019. In Athens, the restaurant features an adjacent craft beer store and added a build-your-own hot dog menu called Tommy's Dogs. Soon after purchasing the franchise, the business partners opened a Grandview location, which also features a salad maneu called Chippy Chop Salad. Similarly, the Gordon Square location as it is isn't the ceiling of this company's ambitions. Even the current hours are subject to change as local COVID-19 restrictions hopefully eventually loosen. "We plan to expand inside out and slowly grow into those other two concepts and run delivery out of that one location," he says. "We're also a late-night brand. While late-night means different things in each community, maybe it's not 3 in the morning like in Athens, we intend to be there for our late-night folks in the Gordon Square community."
When You Go: The restaurant is open daily from 3-10 p.m., but check before you go because hours have varied due to COVID-19 restrictions and a "soft open" format. 6604 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, 216-308-0993, bigmammasburritos.com
Dillon Stewart
Courtesy Of Big Mamma's Burritos
Watami Revolving Sushi Bar offers Greater Cleveland a taste of the unconventional conveyor-belt craze. By Annie Nickoloff
Two Cleveland Restaurants Named 2023 James Beard Semifinalists
Brandon Chrostowski, | 998 |
It is widely accepted that climate change poses severe threats to freshwater ecosystems. Here we examine the scientific basis for adapt<|fim_middle|>. | ively managing vulnerable habitats and species. Our views are shaped by a literature survey of adaptation in practice, and by expert opinion. We assert that adaptation planning is constrained by uncertainty about evolving climatic and non-climatic pressures, by difficulties in predicting species- and ecosystem-level responses to these forces, and by the plasticity of management goals. This implies that adaptation measures will have greatest acceptance when they deliver multiple benefits, including, but not limited to, the amelioration of climate impacts. We suggest that many principles for biodiversity management under climate change are intuitively correct but hard to apply in practice. This view is tested using two commonly assumed doctrines: "increase shading of vulnerable reaches through tree planting" (to reduce water temperatures); and "set hands off flows" (to halt potentially harmful abstractions during low flow episodes). We show that the value of riparian trees for shading, water cooling and other functions is partially understood, but extension of this knowledge to water temperature management is so far lacking. Likewise, there is a long history of environmental flow assessment for allocating water to competing uses, but more research is needed into the effectiveness of ecological objectives based on target flows. We therefore advocate more multi-disciplinary field and model experimentation to test the cost-effectiveness and efficacy of adaptation measures applied at different scales. In particular, there is a need for a major collaborative programme to: examine natural adaptation to climatic variation in freshwater species; identify where existing environmental practice may be insufficient; review the fitness of monitoring networks to detect change; translate existing knowledge into guidance; and implement best practice within existing regulatory frameworks | 320 |
Life's better on the edge. Don't miss your chance to invest in this new project, a new opulent development coming soon to Mississauga's hottest neighbourhood. Edge Towers is currently in pre-construction, slated for occupancy in 2020.
A trio of contemporary condominium buildings, this development will offer modern, open-concept suites and an extensive list of lifestyle amenities, including a WiFi lounge, a marble-finished party facility and a glass-walled galleria designed for the most discerning of homeowners.
Take advantage of the rapidly growing Square One area, which boasts one of the province's largest shopping centres, arts and cultural institutions, a growing corporate sector and a soon-to-be-running LRT line.
Suites here will feature fresh, clean palettes and open-concept layouts, for spaces that are as stunning as they are functional. Floor-to-ceiling windows will showcase panoramic views of the rapidly-expanding Mississauga skyline.
With a range of unit styles from one to three bedrooms, they'll be equally desirable for the young professional, as well as the growing family who appreciates the finer things in life.
Rich laminate flooring, integrated kitchen appliances and spa-inspired bathrooms with deep soaker tubs are just some of the features that will make these suites a dream to come home to.
The amenity roster is truly exceptional and sets this building apart. You'll find a soaring, two-storey lobby with opulent marble details and 24/hour concierge service, connecting to a light-filled galleria, a perfect spot to unwind at the end of the day or meet friends for coffee in a luxurious setting.
<|fim_middle|> | A fully-equipped fitness centre will make your daily workouts a breeze, while a richly-designed party and games room makes a great spot to entertain friends.
Throwing a large-scale party? Try out the elegant party room, which features bar and kitchen facilities to rival some of the region's hottest clubs. For warmer months, the building's outdoor rooftop terrace will make an ideal place to entertain al fresco or just to unwind and admire the view.
The area around Square One in downtown Mississauga is one of the smartest places to invest in right now. Square One is the largest shopping centre in Ontario, with over 360 retailers, including Indigo, Whole Foods, Walmart, and high-end brands like Lacoste and Coach. The mall draws over 21 million visitors annually.
We've seen a major development boom here, with an influx of contemporary condominiums being built and proposed, along with a growing commercial base. It's an area growing in popularity with young families, professionals and mature couples alike.
It also serves as the main terminal for Mississauga's regional transit system and connects a number of regional routes, a major perk for young professionals who are increasingly looking for transit-friendly neighbourhoods to live in. In addition, the area is slated to build the Hurontario LRT, which will provide rapid transit access as far south as the waterfront and as far north as Brampton.
Recently, Sheridan College opened a campus just steps away, bringing 3,200 full-time students to the area.
Parks, schools, theatres and cultural centres are all a short drive away, also giving the area great appeal for young families.
Solmar Development Corp has spent 25 years backing elegant and sophisticated homes and condos across the GTA Canada. Their communities combine old world values with modern efficiencies and are rich in character and quality. With this new condo project, they're redefining the condominium community at Square One.
Read more about Solmar Development Corp. | 400 |
Fallen Pine in Massena Center Cemetery Damages Payne Family Plot
April 24, 2022 April 24, 2022 8 min read Massena Cipher
Spring has finally sprung here at the Center, but if it was based off the weather of the past month most people would probably call me a liar. But all the correct signs are there, the ducks have returned to the cricks, the deer have emerged from the woods, and the tom turkeys are spreading their tail feathers and putting on their mating display for the females. Yet the month of April has been a miserable one with a constant barrage of overcast and cloudy skies, various amounts of rain, and wind, wind, wind.
The wind has particularly been bad this past week, though damage around the neighborhood looks to be minimum. But there is<|fim_middle|> family plot.
Photo by silentarcher99 (FindAGrave)
The Payne Family, in particular the site of Joshua Payne and his family. The monument at the center of the family plot had been slapped off its base by the falling pine tree. Thankfully the stone itself survived and was more disassembled than damaged. Pressed for time so I did not explore too much and just snapped some pictures. There are plenty of other stones in the area and under the tree but its hard to tell what wasn't damage and what was in this section of the cemetery without exploring deeper. Stones in this section has tilted, some are twisted from age and others from the 1944 earthquake. Its hard to tell where everything stood before the tree decided to stage dive into the stones.
With little more than I could do beyond stare, I took several pictures and slowly wandered out of the cemetery, taking in some of the graves such as the Burpees and Robinsons. It was time to do a little research and see who this Joshua Payne was. The surname was something I was familiar with, it appears on various maps over the years. But what made me curious was the fact that the monument appears to be a more modern piece rather than the late 1800s stones that surrounded it and the entire cemetery section. If it was from the 1800s then it would had been quite expensive, but I felt it may have been a descendent honoring their past family members.
The next morning was dedicated to research. Thankfully there is an old historical article that was published several times in the past century that talks about the family, giving at least a few details. I had searched the historical newspaper archives for particular articles on family members but brought up very little. To recap the article dubbed "Along the County Lane".
Barnabas Payne was one of the first settlers in the Massena area in the late 1790s alongside other families such as the Robinsons and Barnharts. He settled on the southern banks of the Grasse River just upstream from its mouth with the St. Lawrence and built a homestead. No one is exactly sure when he arrived but it is assumed he came here with his wife and at least two of his six children. His 4th child Joshua is known to have been born in Massena and possibly one of the first official citizens born in the Town, as he was birthed on June 19th 1802 and the Town of Massena (and County of St. Lawrence) was incorporated into New York State on March 3rd 1802.
The only historical note on Barnabas was that in 1816 he was the trustee of the District 3 Schoolhouse, which some believe he had also built as it was located between his farm and his neighbor to the east. It is noted that he paid a school teacher $20 for their services and that the school taught 17 children that year. Barnabas would pass away in 1820.
After his passing it appears that the family homestead was divided between two brothers, Joshua and Barnabas Junior (Barney) as future maps show the two brothers living side by side. It is noted in the paper that Joshua served as the Commissioner of Highways for the Town of Massena in 1836 and again in 1842. It is also noted in the papers that Josh along with his brother Barney were the first two trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the Hamlet of Racket River along with a third member, Addison Smith.
Joshua had two wives and two children. His first wife Nancy bore him two children, a son named Levi and a daughter named Alvira. Nancy passed in the 1840s and it is assumed he re-married to Eliza for the remainder of his life. Joshua passed away in 1888 and his second wife 15 years later. It appears that he lived on the family farm for most of his life, and only in his twilight years did he retreat to a modest house on Main Street inside the village. The original family farm owned by Joshua was eventually sold to the Haverstock family, while his brother's portion would pass down to his own son, C.C. Payne. Over the course of his life he would also own land on the northern side of the Grasse River which eventually became the home to his son Levi.
His daughter Alvira married Leslie Smith, son of Addison Smith and passed away in 1912. In her obituary she called her father a pioneer of this town.
Eventually all of the farms faded away from the family. Levi's farm below Massena Center passed down to his wife upon his death, and was sold. The lands of the original Payne Farm were incorporated into the Haverstock Farm. It is unknown how long the farm house stood, but this area of town was razed and abandoned around the era of the Seaway as what was not purchased by the Haverstock Family was eventually purchased by the Reynolds Metals Corporation for its aluminum smelter.
So what happens now?
Honestly at the time of writing this article I am unsure. The tree will definitely be removed but it is very unknown of the monument will be addressed. Like many other things in the cemetery, probably not. But I am unsure of who is even in charge of the place. Once upon a few decades ago it was under the stewardship of the Rickard Family, but I believe the county has long since taken control of its maintenance and probably burials. The sign at the entrance declares John Alden and Martha Palmer to be the President and Secretary so at least some of its control is local. But I figure with this article, I will find out soon enough.
DWK
One thought on "Fallen Pine in Massena Center Cemetery Damages Payne Family Plot"
MaryEllen Casselman
May 23, 2022 at 3:12 pms Reply
Old Massena Center is one of Massena's 6 abandoned cemeteries, the others being Nevin, Reed, West Orvis, St. Peter's and Beach St. The Town of Massena maintains the cemeteries and the Town of Massena Historian oversees them. As the former Historian, I started a group 'Massena Cemetery Restoration Committee' in 2014. We have had multiple work-days with Arconic and Alcoa, receiving several action grants in Massena Center, West Orvis and Nevin. We met a few days after this was published and the tree was removed a day or so later. One of our members, David Frary has been in contact with Witherbee & Whalen in regards to repairing this stone which we will pay for. We would very much like to invite a Massena Center resident to be on our committee. Any interested individual can contact me for more information. | one area of the Center that has suffered from these winds and that is the Massena Center Cemetery. I cannot say how long its been like that but as I'm one to pick up on slight changes assume this happened over the past week. The cemetery is considered the oldest in the town and is home to many many names of founding families, especially those who settled in East Massena. It is also home to several large pines, the kind that drew people to the area in order to harvest them. One of them had snapped about 12 feet up its trunk and stage dived into the cemetery. I first noticed it on Friday as I drove back from the village.
Anyone who cares about anything knows that slight sinking feeling when you see something like this. As I passed the cemetery I slowed down to a near crawl as I crossed over Rickard's Crick right before the center to see what if anything I could see. My hope was that the tree had fallen backwards towards the crick and avoided everything. My eyes confirmed my fears and told me that Lady Luck was not on our side this time. So I picked up speed again and made a U turn at the crossroad at the other end of the hamlet, came back through and entered the graveyard gates.
While my family has lived in Massena Center since the 1840s, combined with the fact that I'm a hobbyist historian who concentrates specifically on East Massena, I have actually never spent too much time inside the cemetery. This is because it was primarily a burial ground for Methodist folks, and my family tended to be Catholic so when I do visit the family, its across town in Calvary Cemetery.
I began to make my way across the cemetery and quickly took notice to the uneven grounds. The place is pretty flat but you can see in the old section how the grounds have settled from the decay of the old wooden caskets. I know I made one step and when I looked it was square on someone's plot. I apologized and moved on. The further back and closer you get to Rickard's Crick the older the cemetery becomes. Sadly the tree fell down in a pretty old section. On the plus side its old branches are holding it up and above multiple stones, but on the other hand it had also damaged several, including one particular monument to a | 474 |
Frontiers in Communication
Words in the World View all 11 Articles
Gonia Jarema
Université de Montréal, Canada
Laura Barca
Italian National Research Council (CNR), Italy
Jianfeng Yang
Shaanxi Normal University, China
Summary and Conclusion
Front. Commun., 03 June 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00017
Lexical and Frequency Effects on Keystroke Timing: Challenges to a Lexical Search Account From a Type-To-Copy Task
Laurie Beth Feldman1,2*, Rick Dale3 and Jacolien van Rij4
1Department of Psychology, The University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States
2Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States
3Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
4Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
We explore how timing in identical keystroke sequences that form a stem morpheme are influenced by linguistic knowledge by manipulating lexical status and morphological complexity of words in a type-to-copy task. Starting from the second keystroke, we find that average keystroke latency within a stem morpheme varies according to whole-word frequency (Experiment 1) and lexicality defined by compatibility of the upcoming suffix (e.g., IZE vs IST) with the stem (e.g., NORMAL) that forms the target string (e.g., RENORMALIZE vs. RENORMAL; RENORMALIZE vs. RENORMALIST in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively). Further, although lexical and frequency effects persist over the string as a whole, non-linear mixed-effects regressions reveal position varying lexical effects on keystroke latencies within the stem morpheme. In addition, whole word frequency effects on the first keystroke were present. These results challenge hierarchical accounts of production with modular motor programs where the same letter sequence (for a morpheme) is realized independently of and only after lexical access to the full word in which the letters occur (cf. Crump and Logan, 2010a; Logan and Crump, 2011).
In most accounts of language processing it is assumed that access to one's knowledge about a word is stored in a mental lexicon and that lexical access to activate the requisite linguistic knowledge is necessary to execute behavior relevant to particular experimental tasks. In this framework, the mental lexicon is treated as a repository of lexical knowledge and access based on orthographic or phonological form generally is conceptualized as all or none. Nonetheless, time to access knowledge about a particular word will vary across words due to its frequency and this effect of whole word frequency gets interpreted as a reflection of the layout or organization of word representations in the lexicon. In essence, recognition of a word is conceptualized as a search through the repository whose duration depends on the manner in which it is organized and lexical retrieval is treated as all or none.
In more dynamic lexical frameworks word meaning is not stored and accessed from a form (e.g., Elman, 2004, 2009; Jones and Mewhort, 2007; Milin et al., 2017, 2018). This general approach does not conceptualize a word as an independent representation within a mental store. Instead, the knowledge that underlies productive and receptive language use reflects the typicality and distinctiveness of the meaning and form-based properties of a word with respect to context (e.g., other words). This includes both those words that are physically present and those that are not. The emphasis is more on how we learn and use language rather than on the content of localized representations for individual words (cf. Christiansen and Chater, 2016). The implication is that in a dynamic framework, the processing of a word (or morpheme or other linguistic unit) is not governed by time to execute one isolated event such as retrieving its entry in the mental lexicon because word units are not typically processed independently from one another and from other "levels" of structure (Spivey et al., 2005; Spivey and Dale, 2006; Spivey, 2008). In essence, interdependent orthographic, phonological, lexical and semantic properties that emerge over time are essential, and form the basis for a more dynamic lexical framework that involves extensive interactivity (cf. Seidenberg and McClelland, 1989).
Words are processed more quickly and more accurately than non/pseudowords, and higher frequency words are processed more quickly and more accurately than lower frequency words in a variety of experimental tasks. Interpretations of these properties nicely capture the two differing perspectives on how we use what we know about words. In the lexical repository framework, word status depends on attesting its presence in a mental lexicon and any effect of frequency reflects ease of lexical access, often conceptualized as the work of a counting mechanism that keeps track of number of prior exposures and organizes the lexical entries or the activation thresholds for particular entries according to frequency (Baus et al., 2013). Interpretations of the effect of neighborhood density—meaning number of words that differ by a single letter or phoneme from the target word—diverge from the structural interpretation for lexical status as a word and of frequency. Instead, the effect of neighborhood density reflects convergent patterns of activation and sometimes competition based on similarity with many other entries within the lexicon.
Baayen et al. (2016) have delineated how word frequency effects are, in fact, much more nuanced and not straightforwardly characterized in terms of all or none lexical access. For starters whole-word frequency values vary depending on the type of corpus on which frequencies were counted. These days some are web-based such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA, Davies, 2008), Facebook (Herdagdelen and Marelli, 2017) or Google (Brants and Franz, 2006). Others are based on subtitle frequency (Brysbaert and New, 2009). Frequency measures from different corpora tend to be correlated with each other although there are systematic differences that reflect modality (written, spoken) as well as register (formal, spontaneous). More importantly, whole word frequency measures tend to be correlated with other measures that describe letter strings. But these correlations are not restricted to real words. Letter length, orthographic neighborhood density, and more semantic measures such as emotional valence and arousal and semantic diversity and dispersion can often correlate with processing of properties of non-word sequences as well (Baayen et al., 2006). More interesting is that the correlation between various corpus-based measures of frequency and other purportedly less structural word measures tends to vary across corpora (Baayen et al., 2016). For example, an effect on processing of valence based on a subtitle corpus is stronger than from a corpus based on conversation while an effect of multiple senses or meanings is better predicted from a subtitle than in the spoken BNC corpus1.
Most challenging for the repository account of frequency is that discrepancies with respect to frequency across corpora are not uniform across all words. Frequency estimates for high frequency words are less subject to distortions based on pockets of high usage or burstiness than are lower frequency words. In fact, some have argued that once burstiness and the concomitant contextual diversity are taken into account, the contribution of word frequency as a predictor in simple processing tasks is severely attenuated (Adelman et al., 2006, 2008).
Repository and dynamic lexical accounts of whole-word frequency invite different predictions about the role of frequency in a type-to-copy production task where target words are visually presented. Consistent with the repository account, it has been asserted that control processes in a type-to-copy production task are organized hierarchically with multiple encapsulated levels such that production constraints at one level may be impervious to constraints at another. Logan and Crump (2011) model control process for (production by) typing in terms of an outer and inner loop that are hierarchically nested. Accordingly, retrieval or selection of a particular word occurs in the outer loop while the inner loop initiates the letter and keystroke sequence for each word designated by the outer loop. Attention to an available visual template to copy is reported to be more important than visual or kinesthetic feedback in this typing task regardless of whether one types with all ten fingers or with a more limited set because the organization of keystrokes is an inner loop task and the value of a template is to the outer loop (Rieger and Bart, 2016).
Based on the usefulness of kinesthetic feedback to the inner loop and visual feedback to the outer loop in this model, Logan and Crump (2011) claim that the outer loop passes along lexical knowledge about the motor program to the inner loop but does not know about keystroke sequencing in the inner loop. In their hierarchical and sequential framework, any lexical effects on the inner loop should be constant across keystroke positions because component keystrokes are activated in parallel once a word is retrieved from the lexicon (Crump and Logan, 2010a,b; Logan and Crump, 2010). Note that after typing a word, latencies to retype a probed position have been interpreted to suggest that the activation that underlies the benefit of repetition is graded across positions and stronger earlier in a word (Logan et al., 2016). However, reaction times to type the probe letter also were faster for first position and decreased at later positions so this finding in isolation is more difficult to interpret as consistent with parallel activation without sequential execution of constituent letters (see their Table 4 and Figure 8). Accordingly, it may be more cautious to retain the option of a systematic reduction in keystroke latencies as one progresses through the word (Rumelhart and Norman, 1982).
Manipulations of lexicality based on the legal or illegal combination of real morphemes permit one to explore where lexical and frequency effects arise in the course of producing a word in a type to copy task. Similarly, manipulations of the ratio of words to pseudowords in an experiment may affect the degree to which keystroke latencies decrease in word final positions. Novel in our typing study is that differences in latency between finger movements to particular keys are controlled for by comparing words and pseudowords that share a morpheme and thus a letter sequence. As a result, the influence on keystroke latency of the distance a finger must move to the key (Fitts, 1954) as well as the decision of which fingers to use (Hick, 1952; Hyman, 1953) are weakened if not fully eliminated. An account of production that entails retrieving from the lexical repository a typing motor program and control for its execution in a loop that is immune to lexical influences would need to assert that the relationship between keystrokes (e.g., [N]ORMAL) should be stable across words that contain that letter sequence or morpheme. In many analyses the first letter [N] is not included because the initial keystroke of a word tends to be disproportionally longer than the others. We follow that practice here and indicate it by the bracket notation [N].
Essential in this framework is that strings may differ with respect to time for lexical retrieval but, because keystroke execution in the inner loop occurs automatically, the relative timing for the same sequence of letters such as [N]ORMAL within strings such as RENORMALIZE vs. *RENORMALIST should not vary with lexicality (Shaffer, 1975; Gentner et al., 1988). One outcome that is more compatible with a dynamic than with a repository framework is that predictability in various types of linguistic contexts interacts with keystroke dynamics (plausibly in complex ways) so as to influence the manner in which a word is produced or recognized. In essence the dynamic account, but not the retrieval account, would not only be compatible with but would anticipate non-linear changes in position by keystroke latencies with manipulations of lexicality or whole-word frequency.
Online typing tasks with dependent measures based on the execution of keystrokes within a morpheme have been useful to track the interdependence of morpheme and word structure in production (Gagné and Spalding, 2014; Feldman et al., 2017). In the present study, we attenuate the role of retrieving or selecting the target word by presenting the target word visually and then ask whether whole word frequency and other lexical effects are restricted to the outer loop or whether inner loop measures associated with execution of constituent letters are sensitive to linguistic factors as well.
We track three basic measures of typing performance. All are sensitive to which finger moves and to what key. The simplest and best investigated is latency to key contact for the initial keystroke in a word (K1). This measure is assumed by Logan and Crump (2011) to reflect response preparation and initiation and it is known to be sensitive to whole-word frequency (West and Sabban, 1982; Inhoff, 1991; Pinet et al., 2016) and also to word length (Gagné and Spalding, 2014). Second is average latency between keystrokes for letters within a letter string or inter keystroke interval (IKSI). This measure is interpreted to reflect execution of the motor plan and is sensitive to bigram frequency (Pinet et al., 2016) and again to word length (Gagné and Spalding, 2014, 2016). Finally, it is possible to examine average keystroke latency by position within a stem morpheme or word. As a rule when typing text, the timing between keystrokes (IKSI) is faster at the end of a word and faster for a higher frequency letter or letter sequence (e.g., bigram, trigram) than for a less frequent letter sequence (Gagné and Spalding, 2016; Pinet et al., 2016).
Overall, IKSIs covary with multiple measures of predictability defined within as well as across words (van Rij et al., 2019a). For example, even the word "the," perhaps the most typed word in all of English, can be sped up or slowed down slightly depending on how predictable it is in context (van Rij et al., 2019a). The implication is that one should account for differences in keystroke latencies by letter and bigram frequency before attempting to examine their interaction with various word properties including frequency or lexicality. At issue is whether position by keystroke latencies for identical constituent letters vary systematically according to lexical properties (letter length, orthographic neighborhood density, whole word frequency) of the words or stems in which they appear. The study we report utilizes effects on processing of a stem morpheme that varies systematically according to the other morphemes with which it appears. What we find does not support a characterization of morphological processing that assumes decomposition, or a characterization that emphasizes processing of a stem in isolation from the other constituents with which it typically appears. Effects of lexicality that arise from an incompatible affix positioned after the stem such as RENORMALIST are potentially informative in this regard.
We report the results of three experiments that use non-linear mixed-effects regressions to compare measures based on variation of keystroke timing. Comparisons focus on the same stem morpheme (e.g., NORMAL) in a variety of morphological contexts in an online typing-to-copy task. The key comparison in Experiment 1 is stem keystroke latencies between words that differ in whole word frequency such as NORMALLY and NORMALCY. In Experiment 2 the critical comparison is between strings that differ in affixation and resultant lexical status such as *RENORMAL which is not a word and RENORMALIZE which is and in Experiment 3 it is prefixed and suffixed strings that differ in lexical status such as *RENORMALIST and RENORMALIZE. Regardless of any preoccupation with morphological decomposition, morphological knowledge in production is particularly interesting to examine in its own right as it can provide a framework that highlights interactions of lexical effects on typing speed across the keystroke positions within a letter string.
In fact, the term lexical status is deceptive because letter strings can vary in their degree of wordiness. As consideration of *RENORMAL and *RENORMALIST demonstrate, a letter string need not be in full compliance or in full violation with lexical knowledge about word formation. Patterning can be graded. Readers know what these particular combinations of morphemes would mean, even though neither is an attested word in the language. Because we compare conditions where stems repeat, comparisons of the same pattern of keystrokes in more or less predictable morphological contexts allow us to answer various questions about the time course over which linguistic knowledge emerges in a production task. For example, differences between keystroke measures in RENORMALIZE vs. RENORMALIST speak to when an upcoming lexical deviation becomes evident on IKSI. Differences between keystroke measures in NORMALIZE vs. RENORMALIZE, words that differ in whole word frequency because of a prefix show how long the effect of a prefix and the concomitant reduction in whole word frequency persist on IKSI.
In summary, our focus on morphemes in production provides a method to control for differences in keystroke latencies by letter and bigram and permits an examination of the interaction of lexicality and various word properties like whole-word frequency and word length on morphological processing. Our focus on keystroke latency measures shows that these measures vary across types of morphological combinations in a type-to-copy production task. The results do not have strong compatibility with an account based on search and all-or-none access to a lexical repository. For example, work based on time to initiate first keystroke or average keystroke latency (less the initial keystroke) are fully compatible with models that assume lexical access and retrieval of a motor program before initiation of a motor response. In contrast, keystroke-to-keystroke latencies that vary across positions of a letter sequence within a word raise the possibility of a more dynamic option as when the timing variation in the execution of keystroke movements for a stem vary systematically with the lexical or morphological properties of the string as a whole.
These keystroke sequence latencies across positions within a word pose a challenge to the notion that response preparation based on lexical access and retrieval of a motor program is completed in its entirety before the initiation of keystroke movements. Similar claims for ongoing (re) assessment of lexicality have been made in the domain of comprehension when the lexical determination for a morphologically simple letter string is indicated by the velocity profile of mouse movement (Barca and Pezzulo, 2012, 2015).
Of particular relevance in the type-to-copy task is whether variation in IKSIs as one progresses through a morpheme or a word reflect a systematic and continuous updating based on lexical status, predictability, whole word frequency and perhaps other linguistic factors or whether effects remain constant over letter positions because decisions about which keystrokes to activate occur before movement to keystrokes begins. In support of prolonged linguistic influences on typing measures, Gagné and Spalding (2014, 2016) have reported a slowing in IKSI at the boundary between morphemes in a word and this effect is sensitive to the semantic consistency of the critical morpheme to the meaning of the full word in which it appears (Libben et al., 2012, 2014; Gagné and Spalding, 2016). Semantic influences on keystroke differences within a word can vary by position. They generally appear at but may appear earlier than the stem boundary. For the time being, we ask whether differences between conditions that vary according to the combination of morphemes are salient when aligned to the beginning of a morpheme stem and leave analyses aligned to the end for future work. Stem-initial alignment invites a focus on anticipatory influences whereas reductions with stem final alignment could reflect a later wrapping up that maximizes the semantics of the stem morpheme with respect to the suffixes with which it can combine. Both could be semantic in nature but to differing degrees and ultimately are worthy of consideration. Most relevant for the time being is evidence that lexical influences can be revised and updated during the course of producing a word.
To investigate lexical and frequency effects on keystroke measures, we conducted three on-line typing experiments. All used the same procedure with slightly different materials all of which consisted of triplets formed around a morpheme stem.
Recruitment and Payment
For each experiment, we aimed to recruit 100 (target N = 100) participants on Amazon's Mechanical Turk (AMT; requester.mturk.com). We report below procedures for discarding any participants and data, so that our N in each experiment was lower than this target. Participants were given the opportunity to participate once in the task for a payment of $1.25.
Participant Demographics
We restricted recruitment to the US, to people with at least 100 prior approved tasks, with an approval rate of 95%. One hundred participants were recruited for each of the three experiments. A small number of payments on AMT were rejected, no more than 2 per dataset. For example, participants who submitted a response on AMT had their work rejected due to lack of an appropriate payment confirmation number. The modal age range was 26–34 (~50% of participants). For highest education level, the two most common responses included 48 with "high-school" and 43 with "bachelors." All participants reported gender: 62% of participants reported gender as male, 38% female. One hundred percent reported QWERTY keyboards. Eighty one percent were right-handed, and 1 participant reported ambidextrous.
Participant Time and Exclusion
The mode of the time required to complete the task was approximately 5 min. The average was 15 min. Data from participants that appeared not to be complete were excluded. We also excluded participants who did not appear to have typed responses to all trials in the experiment. This left data for 258 participants (85 in Experiment 1, 87 in Experiment 2, and 86 in Experiment 3), each of whom typed 25–58 words correctly.
We adapted an Internet typing task that facilitates rapid data collection through AMT (Vinson et al., under revision). This online task uses a JavaScript framework to track IKSIs while participants type a word that is displayed on the screen. The framework records milliseconds associated with each keystroke, and tracks which key was pressed. This offers an easy-to-use type-to-copy task that rapidly crowdsources large amounts of typing data. An additional resource of the interface and raw data, in addition to our supplementary data, can be found online2.
After ~2 s (ISI), participants were presented a word and a textbox. Their cursor was automatically focused on the textbox so they did not have to use the mouse. They then typed words back and hit ENTER to move on. At any point an error was made, the interface reported it to the participants and began the next trial. About 7 practice items preceded the experimental items. The interface is depicted in Figure 1A. Informed consent was incorporated into the instructions for the task. See Figure 1B.
Figure 1. (A) Screen interface on Amazon Mechanical Turk. (B) Informed consent in interface instructions.
The final set of experimental materials for each experiment included about 60 words. The materials for Experiment 1 consisted of only 57 triplets formed around a shared stem morpheme because three stem triples contained spelling errors and were eliminated from all analyses. The triplet based on the stem "NORMAL" provides an example throughout this report. In Experiment 1, for each triplet, one item was the stem such as NORMAL. The second and third items were a legal stem-suffix combination of that same stem such as NORMAL-LY and NORMAL-CY, with the former occurring with a higher frequency than the latter.
In Experiment 2, for each triplet, one item was a legal stem-suffix combination such as NORMAL-IZE. The second was a legal prefixed version of that same stem plus suffix sequence such as RE-NORMAL-IZE. The third was a nonword formed by combining the stem morpheme of the former with an incompatible prefix such as RE-NORMAL. The *RENORMAL constraint required that we present different materials than in Experiment 1.
In Experiment 3, for each triplet, one item was a legal stem-suffix combination such as NORMAL-IZE. The second was a legal prefixed version of that same stem plus suffix sequence such as RE-NORMAL-IZE. The third was a nonword formed by combining the prefix and the stem morpheme of the former with an incompatible suffix such as RE-NORMAL-IST. Suffixes in the prefixed word and prefixed nonword condition were matched triple by triple for length but not number of syllables with a median of 4 and a range of 2 and 4. Prefixes in those two conditions had a median of 2 and ranged only between 2 and 3. Median suffix length was 4 letters but varied between 2 and 4.
In no case did the stem morpheme undergo a spelling change when affixed as in the derivation of SEVERITY from SEVERE where the final E in SEVERE gets dropped before affixation. Each participant viewed and typed one formation from the stem morpheme. Members of each stem triplet were distributed across three different lists and presented to different participants. Each participant viewed and typed a total 57 unique words. For example across lists, the same stem morpheme NORMAL appeared in different morphological contexts e.g., NORMALIZE, RENORMALIZE, and RENORMALIST.
Table 1 presents the conditions (types of word structures) that were tested in each experiment. Materials are listed in Appendix A.
Table 1. Overview of the experimental conditions in the three experiments, with example stimuli derived from the stem "normal."
To consolidate presentation of the data and facilitate comparisons of a measure across experiments and types of word structures, we present the results of the three experiments in parallel. Materials for Experiments 2 and 3 only differed in whether or not nonwords were suffixed. Thus, the experimental stimuli in Experiments 2 and 3 were almost identical in that they were derived from the same stems. Experiment 2 included three additional stems, however. Experiment 1 only shared four stems with Experiment 2 and 3. We focus on keystroke latencies across positions within a stem that is nested within a letter string because systematic variation poses a challenge to the notion that response preparation based on lexical access and retrieval of a motor program is completed in its entirety before the initiation of keystroke movements.
Preprocessing of Data
The trials were terminated at the end of the presented string or when a typing error was made. Incorrect trials were not included in the analysis (2,298 trials out of 14,712; 15.6%). The overall accuracy varied slightly between the three experiments (86.9, 84.8, and 81.6% respectively, for Experiments 1, 2, and 3) but this variation is likely attributable to variations in word length (average number of characters: 8.3, 8.9, and 9.9 respectively, for Experiments 1, 2, and 3): As a rule, longer words were typed less accurately than shorter words. After excluding all incorrect trials, 70 trials (out of 12,414; 0.56%) were excluded because the first keystroke latency was longer than 6,000 ms, and another 7 trials were excluded because one or more later keystroke latencies were longer than 3,000 ms (0.056%).
A range of measures can be used to investigate when lexical and orthographic information would become available during the time course of typing a word. These include the first keystroke latencies, the sum of keystroke latencies for letters in the stem (normalized for length), all keystroke latencies for letters in the stem, and the trajectory meaning the keystroke latencies by letter position within the string. In this paper we will present only the three most important measures, namely the first keystroke latency (K1), which is purported to reflect lexical access (Crump and Logan, 2010b), the keystroke latencies for the stem as a whole less K1, which reflects execution of the motor program to type the stem and is most compatible with the morphological word recognition literature where stem processing is the primary focus, and the trajectory of keystroke latencies by letter position, which has the potential to provide more insight into keystroke by keystroke execution of the motor program to type the stem. To reiterate the logic, systematic differences in the same (series of) keystrokes depending on co-occurring morphemes within a word call into question the claim that all keystrokes are activated in parallel without regard to lexical context.
The typing measures were analyzed with Generalized Additive Mixed Modeling (GAMM; Wood, 2017), a mixed-effects regression approach that allows a non-linear relation between the measure and the covariates (see for introductions Wieling, 2018; van Rij et al., 2019a,b). The data were analyzed in R version 3.4.4 (2018-03-15; (R Core Team, 2018)) using the package mgcv version 1.8-24 (Wood, 2017) for modeling GAMMs and the package itsadug version 2.3 (van Rij et al., 2017) for evaluation and visualization of the results. The data of the three experiments were separately analyzed with similar statistical models, unless stated otherwise. We used an iterative backward-fitting model comparison procedure for determining the best-fitting model, but we also inspected the summary statistics and visualizations of the effects to verify the conclusions (cf. Wieling, 2018; van Rij et al., 2019b). The models were fitted using the maximum likelihood optimization score.
To investigate the effect of lexical frequency, we used the frequencies in the Google Books Corpus (Total word counts for English, version 20120701; 543,081 words and 6,640,052,764 tokens). We excluded the occurrences in books published before 1950 (leaving 541,040 words and 3,345,974,073 tokens). The frequency was converted to frequency per million words, and log-transformed to approach a normal distribution. We additionally calculated a measure of orthographic similarity, OLD50, which is the average Levenshtein distance between a word from the experiment and its 50 nearest neighbors in the Google Books Corpus of books after 1950 (cf. Yarkoni et al., 2008), using the R package vwr version 0.3.0 (Keuleers, 2013). The OLD50 scores were log-transformed.
First Keystroke Latencies
Figure 2 shows average log frequency per condition in each experiment. Figure 3 presents the grand averages of the first keystroke latencies (K1) for the three experiments and the conditions within each experiment. On average, the first keystroke latency is 850 ms. These are the most noticeable differences: in Experiment 1, the low frequency suffix words ("Suffix-LF") seem to start with a longer first keystroke latency than the other two conditions (855 ms vs. 812 ms Stem/816 ms Suffix-HF); in Experiments 2 and 3 the Prefix-Suffix words (882 and 858 ms, respectively) seem to start with a longer first keystroke latencies than the Suffix words (856 and 830 ms, respectively). Faster K1 latencies for higher as compared to lower frequency words replicate reports in the typing literature (Crump and Logan, 2010a,b; Logan and Crump, 2011).
Figure 2. Mean (±1 SE) of the relative frequencies (frequency per million; on log scale) of the stimuli in Experiments 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 3. Mean (±1 SE) of the first keystroke latencies in Experiments 1, 2, and 3.
Differences Between Conditions
For the analyses, the keystroke latencies were transformed with an inverse transformation to approach normality (−1,000/keystroke latency). GAMM analyses were performed on the data for each experiment separately, with random intercepts included for the stem-triplets (i.e., words in three different conditions that were derived from the same stem), and for the first keystroke letter, and with by-participant non-linear random smooth's for Trial (i.e., the position of the word in the presentation sequence) to capture fluctuations in typing latencies over the course of the experiment that could cause autocorrelation in the residuals (Baayen and Milin, 2010). Model comparisons were utilized to determine whether the predictor Condition, which marks the three different experimental conditions, improved the model.
The GAMM analyses indicated that the first keystroke latencies in Experiment 1 were significantly influenced by condition [χ(2)2 = 12.32; p < 0.001; ΔAIC = 24.4]. Latencies on Stem words were shorter than in high-frequency suffix (Suffix-HF) words (βStem = −0.0191, SE = 0.0083; t-value = −2.30; p = 0.021). More importantly, the first keystroke latencies in low-frequency suffix words (Suffix-LF) were significantly longer than in high-frequency suffix words (βS−LF = 0.0224, SE = 0.0084; t-value = 2.65; p = 0.008). The first keystroke latencies in Experiment 2 were also significantly influenced by condition [χ(2)2 = 3.05; p = 0.048; ΔAIC = 5.18]: latencies for Prefix-Suffix words were longer than for Suffix words (βP−S = 0.040, SE = 0.020; t-value = 2.03; p = 0.042). While, the first keystroke latencies in Experiment 3 did not differ between Prefix-Suffix words and Suffix words (βP−S = 0.013, SE = 0.023; t-value = 0.57; p > 0.1), the effect of Condition [χ(2)2 = 9.58; p < 0.001; ΔAIC = 18.11] was reliable for the difference between length matched words like RENORMALIZE and nonwords like RENORMALIST.
The difference between high- and low-frequency suffixed words formed from the same stem in Experiment 1 is consistent with reports that word frequency influences the first keystroke latency such that first keystroke takes less time in the higher frequency suffix words than in the lower frequency suffix words. Words in those conditions differed in their frequency, but not in word length. The difference between the high-frequency suffix words and the Stem words, on the other hand, suggests that word length may play a role. The first keystrokes of the Stem words take less time to produce than in high-frequency suffixed words, but their frequency is lower on average than the high-frequency suffixed words (see Figure 2). Thus, both frequency and word length can affect first keystroke latencies. Based on these conclusions, we would expect to find a difference in the first keystroke latencies in Experiments 2 and 3 between the Suffix words and the Prefix-Suffix words, because they differ in word length and in frequency (Prefix-Suffix words are longer and have a lower average frequency than Suffix words, see Figure 2). However, this difference reached significance in Experiment 2, but not in Experiment 3.
Another factor that may influence the first keystroke latencies is the morphological complexity of the words: Words composed only of a stem should be easier to process than those affixed words with a suffix or prefix, and those affixed words with both (Prefix-Suffix) should be most difficult. To isolate an effect of frequency from morphological complexity, we investigated the effects of frequency on suffixed words by combining materials across experiments.
Effect of Frequency
To investigate the effects of whole word frequency on the first keystroke latencies more directly, we combined all Suffix-words from the three Experiments into one analysis (i.e., the conditions "Suffix-LF" and "Suffix-HF" from Experiment 1, and the conditions called "Suffix" from Experiments 2 and 3 –the black bars in Figure 1). Random intercepts for participants, stem-triplets, and the typed letters were included in the GAMM model, along with a by-participant random smooth for log Frequency and a by-participant random slope for OLD50. We included the predictor Experiment to test for differences between the experiments, and non-linear smooth's for whole word Frequency, and OLD50, our measure of orthographic distance from the 50 most similar words. Word length was not included as a predictor, because the experimental stimuli did not exhibit sufficient variation in stem length (range 5–6).
The statistical model indicated that the first keystroke latencies for suffixed words in Experiment 1 were significantly faster than for those in Experiments 2 and 3 (β1−2 = −0.080, SE = 0.043, t-value = 1.88, p = 0.061; β1−3 = 0.095, SE = 0.035, t = 2.71, p = 0.007). This could reflect at least in part the inclusion of pseudowords in the latter two experiments. In addition, the effect of Frequency was significantly different from zero [F(1.00,5121.559) = 11.74; p < 0.001], and linear (edf = 1.00); an edf (effective degrees of freedom of the smooth term) of 1 indicates a straight line)3. Visualization of the effect of frequency across experiments indicated that Suffix-words with lower frequency result in a longer first keystroke latency than Suffix-words with higher frequency. This is illustrated in Figure 4 (Left panel). OLD50 did not contribute to the model (see Figure 4, Right panel). Finally, the interaction between Experiment and Frequency did not improve the model [a model without the interaction resulted is a lower ML score (ΔML = 10.04), fewer degrees of freedom (Δdf = 4), and a lower AIC (ΔAIC = 18.11)].
Figure 4. Partial effect estimates from the GAMM model. Left: Effect of frequency on the first keystroke latencies of Suffix-words. Right: (Non-significant) effect of OLD50 (orthographic similarity measure) on the first keystroke latencies of Suffix-words.
In summary, we have replicated the effect of whole word frequency on initial keystroke latency (in this experiment only marginally significant) and extended it to words composed of a stem and a suffix. Thus, we add a finding from a production task to the literature showing a robust effect of whole word frequency thereby complementing those identified in recognition tasks. In the next section we explore keystroke latencies to the stem independent from any effect of initial keystroke. We ask whether lexical effects are evident in processes associated with a purportedly encapsulated inner loop that controls keystroke execution.
Keystroke Latencies on the Stem (Normalized for Length)
The keystrokes following the initial keystroke, were typed considerably faster than the first. The average latency of the later keystrokes was 194 ms, which is considerably shorter than the first keystroke latency of 850 ms. With deference to the visual word recognition literature for morphology, we analyzed the keystroke latencies of the stem. To avoid redundancy with the analysis of the first keystroke of the word, in the stem latencies we always excluded the first keystroke of the stem. Further, the stem latency was normalized for stem length by dividing the sum of the latencies by the number of keystrokes (i.e., stemRT=5n∑i=2nki, with n the stem length and ki the keystroke latencies). Figure 4 presents the stem latencies for the conditions of the three experiments. Similarly to the first keystroke latencies (Figure 1), Experiment 1 shows the longest latencies for the low-frequency suffix words, and the shortest latencies for the stem words, but note that the difference between the stem and the high-frequency suffix words seems to be larger here than in the first keystroke latencies. In Experiments 2 and 3 the difference between the Prefix-Suffix and Suffix words also is more systematic than in the first keystroke latencies.
We adhered to the same procedure in analyzing the stem latencies as with the first keystroke latencies: first we investigated the differences between the conditions in each experiment, and then we combined the Suffix words from all experiments to investigate the effect of frequency and orthographic neighborhood density.
Differences Between Average Stem Keystroke Latencies Across Conditions
For the analyses, the keystroke latencies were again transformed with an inverse transformation to approach normality (−1,000/keystroke latency). GAMM analyses were performed on the data for each experiment separately, with random intercepts included for the word-triplets (i.e., words in three different conditions that were derived from the same stem), and with by-participant non-linear random smooth's for Trial (i.e., the position of the word in the course of the experiment) to capture fluctuations in typing latencies that can result in autocorrelation in the residuals. Model comparisons were conducted to evaluate whether inclusion of Condition improved the model.
The GAMM analyses indicated that the average stem keystroke latencies in Experiment 1 were significantly influenced by condition [χ(2)2 = 101.96; p < 0.001; ΔAIC = 206.96]: latencies in Stem words were shorter than in high-frequency suffix (Suffix-HF) words (βStem = −0.0787, SE = 0.0099; t-value = −7.98; p < 0.001), but the average stem keystroke latencies in low-frequency suffix words (Suffix-LF) was significantly longer than in high-frequency suffix words (βS−LF = 0.0641, SE = 0.0101; t-value = 6.37; p < 0.001). The average stem keystroke latencies in Experiment 2 were also significantly influenced by condition [χ(2)2 = 98.08; p < 0.001; ΔAIC = 198.45]: latencies in Prefix-Suffix words were longer than Suffix words (βP−S = 0.077, SE = 0.011; t-value = 6.90; p < 0.001), but latencies in Prefix-Nonwords were significantly shorter than Suffix words (βPN−S = −0.080, SE = 0.011; t- value = −7.27; p < 0.001). Similarly, for Experiment 3 the average stem keystroke latencies were significantly influenced by condition [χ(2)2 = 179.90; p < 0.001; ΔAIC = 355.62): latencies in Prefix-Suffix words were longer than Suffix words (βS−PS = −0.107, SE = 0.011; t-value = −9.39; p < 0.001), but shorter than the Prefix-Suffix nonwords (βPSN−PS = 0.111, SE = 0.012; t- value = 9.53; p < 0.001).
Different from the first keystroke latencies, the average stem latencies show reliable and systematic differences among all conditions. These differences are much stronger than the differences found with the first keystroke measure and indicate lexical effects on keystroke dynamics independent of the first keystroke. To investigate the effect of frequency and orthographic neighborhood density, again we analyzed the Suffix words.
To ascertain the effects of frequency on the stem latencies, we combined all Suffix-words from the three Experiments in one analysis (i.e., the conditions "Suffix-LF" and "Suffix-HF" from Experiment 1, and the conditions called "Suffix"<|fim_middle|> thereby controlled for a variety of factors. Across three experiments, these analyses helped quantify subtle aspects of word production in typing.
Of particular note were the anticipatory effects of an upcoming affix on keystroke trajectories according to the lexical acceptability of the combination. In the tradition of morphological decomposition in the recognition literature, one might have expected the contribution of the stem to predominate over that of any affixes that were produced at the same time. In fact, the effect of Keystroke Position showed a general decrease in keystroke latencies, along with an even steeper decrease after the stem. Effects of whole word frequency on keystroke timing could be documented with several keystrokes measured on the stem but, here again, the trajectory analysis in Figure 9 indicated that the word frequency effect was more pronounced when typing the affix than when typing the stem. Finally, higher frequency words showed a steeper decrease in keystroke latencies at the end of the word than did lower frequency words. Similarly, we observed an interaction (partial effect) of Keystroke Position with OLD50 such that orthographic uniqueness (lower OLD50 values) increased keystroke latencies at the end of the stem and into the suffix.
In these results, keystroke latencies are not retrieved and executed in a uniform manner. Finally, the dynamic but not the retrieval account anticipates interactions of typing measures with orthographic similarity of the target to other words or to predictability of the affix given the particular stem. Processes at different levels (visual form recognition, morphological segmentation, semantic processing, etc.) seem to be fluidly interacting throughout performance. This interaction among processes could be the mechanistic underpinning of language processing and production. Finding new echoes of this parallelism in behavioral metrics offers a promising new direction to test such predictions about styles of interaction among levels of control.
In the word recognition literature that focuses on morphological processing, the repository account typically asserts that access to the lexicon entails decomposing a morphologically complex word into its constituent morphemes by a process that is blind with respect to the semantics of the stem. Recent reports demonstrating the salience of whole word as contrasted with stem frequency in the course of morphological processing have substantially weakened this account (Baayen et al., 2007; Milin et al., 2017; Schmidke et al., 2017). Once one accesses the lexicon, one can retrieve the motor program to produce a word as by typing it, but we have demonstrated here that that process is not executed independently from its lexical and morphological properties.
We reported the results of three experiments where the critical comparison focuses on a repeated stem morpheme in a variety of morphological and lexical contexts. As in the decomposition account in word recognition, if morphological decomposition and stem access dominated processing in an online typing-to-copy task, then structures that accompanied the stem could have been ignored or played only a secondary role. In this framework one might have expected latencies for the keystrokes that comprise the stem should have been more stable over morphological and lexical contexts. On the contrary, as depicted in Figures 5–7, this was not the case. Rather, patterns of keystroke latencies for letters in the stem highlight the interactions of lexical and morphological effects on stem production. Further, an effect of lexicality based on an incompatible stem- suffix combination emerged while executing the keystrokes of the stem in anticipation of the upcoming deviation. The theoretical upshot is an unencapsulated parallelism—from motor control to morphological semantics, these patterns and systematicities are whispering to each other in a manner that is measurable in performance.
Data were collected online and we had no face to face contact with participants. The UCLA Institutional Review Board (UCLA IRB) has determined that the above referenced study meets the criteria for an exemption from IRB review. UCLA's Federal wide Assurance (FWA) with Department of Health and Human Services is FWA00004642.
RD designed the web interface for data collection. LF designed the materials. JvR created the analyses. All authors were engaged in writing the manuscript.
The development of this publication was supported by the Words in the World Partnership Project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (895-2016-1008).
1. ^When it comes to predicting reaction times (RTs) in a lexical decision or a naming task, Baayen et al. (2016) interpret the ostensible superiority of the subtitle corpus as reflecting a confound of frequency with other variables that affect processing in those particular time-limited tasks. By comparison, eye-tracking measures while reading prose from English novels are better predicted from the written British National Corpus (BNC) than from subtitles (Hendrix, 2015).
2. ^https://github.com/racdale/keystroke-timing-feldman-dale-van-rij
3. ^An edf (effective degrees of freedom of the smooth term) of 1 indicates a straight line.
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Mean keystroke trajectories aligned on the offset of the stem.
FIGURE B1
Figure B1. Mean keystroke trajectories (excluding the first keystroke) aligned to the offset of the stem for all conditions in Experiments 1, 2, and 3. The onset of the suffix is indicated with a dashed vertical line.
Keywords: type-to-copy task, written production, morpheme, keystroke trajectory, lexicality, typing, letter position effects
Citation: Feldman LB, Dale R and van Rij J (2019) Lexical and Frequency Effects on Keystroke Timing: Challenges to a Lexical Search Account From a Type-To-Copy Task. Front. Commun. 4:17. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2019.00017
Received: 07 November 2018; Accepted: 15 April 2019;
Gonia Jarema, Université de Montréal, Canada
Laura Barca, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Italy
Jianfeng Yang, Shaanxi Normal University, China
Copyright © 2019 Feldman, Dale and van Rij. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Laurie Beth Feldman, lfeldman@albany.edu | from Experiments 2 and 3—the black bars in Figure 5). As above, random intercepts for participants, and stem-triplets were included in the GAMM model, and a by-participant random smooth for log Frequency along with a by-participant random slope for OLD50. We included the predictor Experiment to test for differences between the experiments, and non-linear smooth's for Frequency, and OLD50, a measure of orthographic distance from the 50 most similar words that is similar in function to measures of bigram and trigram frequency. Word length was not included as a predictor, because the experimental stimuli did not show sufficient variation in word length.
Figure 5. Mean (±1 SE) of the normalized stem latencies in Experiments 1, 2, and 3.
The statistical model indicated that the stem latencies did not differ between the experiments even though the ratio of words to pseudowords varied. However, the effects of Frequency [edf = 1.77; F(1.770,5016.967) = 12.34; p < 0.001] and OLD50 [edf = 1.00; F(1.000,5016.967) = 7.18; p < 0.01] were significantly different from zero and followed a linear trend. As there were some words included which were not found in the corpus, we ran the model again without those extremely low frequencies to verify whether the effects of Frequency and OLD50 could be attributed to those outliers. In this new model the effects of Frequency [F(1.000,4496.278) = 13.71; p < 0.001] and OLD50 [F(1.000,4496.278) = 6.28; p = 0.012] remained significantly different from zero. Visualization of the effects depicted that for the same keystrokes, Suffix-words with lower frequency resulted in a longer stem latency than Suffix-words with higher frequency (Figure 6, Left panel). In addition, Suffix words with a shorter average distance (i.e., higher orthographic similarity) with the 50 most similar words resulted in shorter stem latencies than words with less orthographically similar neighbors (Figure 6, Right panel).
Figure 6. Partial effect estimates from the GAMM model. Left: Effect of frequency on the first keystroke latencies of Suffix-words. Right: Effect of OLD50 (orthographic similarity measure) on the first keystroke latencies of Suffix-words.
These combined analyses indicate that when typing the stem, both lexical knowledge based on whole word frequency as well as orthographic knowledge based on similarity with other words is available and influences the typing speed. Whereas, effects of orthographic knowledge on keystroke latencies have been documented frequently in the past, effects of whole word frequency on keystroke latencies after the initial keystroke have not.
Keystroke Latencies by Position in Stem
If variation in non-initial keystroke latencies across positions within a stem depends on the letter string within which it is nested then preparation and retrieval of a motor program cannot be completed in its entirety before the initiation of keystroke movements. Here we use GAMMs (Wood, 2017) to compare the trajectories for keystroke timing across stem position in lexical and morphological contexts formed around the same stem. We expect decreases in latencies across position and ask whether rate of keystroke execution decreases uniformly across stems that differ with respect to position of affix(es) and the lexical status of the particular combination when position within the word is held constant. Here, we examine the time course of morphological effects in production when keystrokes are aligned to stem onset but abutting morphemes differ.
Perhaps most obvious in Figure 7 is that keystroke latencies are not uniform across the stem and further, they vary according to the structure of the string in which the stem appears. Consistent with previous reports of slowing around the boundary between morphemes, increased latencies are visible at the onset of the stem after a prefix in Experiments 2 and 3. Stem-suffix boundary effects are difficult to detect, however, at least in part because of variation in suffix length. As a rule, stem by position latencies decrease both in the absence of a suffix and, to a lesser degree, in its presence. More interestingly, whole word frequency contributions introduced by manipulations of suffix are evident not only when typing the letters of the suffix but also in the course of typing the letters of the stem (Experiment 1). Evidently, production of keystroke latencies for the stem are not independent of the context in which it appears. For example in Experiment 1, the possibility of competing suffixes such as CY and LY as one transitions out of a stem such as NORMAL seems to offset the typical speeding up that occurs as one approaches the end of the word (e.g., positions 8–12). In both Experiments 2 and 3, stem latencies are faster in the production of a suffixed only word than in the production of that same string when accompanied by a prefix. See Figure B1 (Appendix B) for the same non-initial keystroke latencies aligned on the offset of the stem.
Figure 7. Mean keystroke trajectories (excluding the first keystroke) aligned to the onset of the stem for all conditions in Experiments 1, 2, and 3. The onset of the stem is indicated with a dashed vertical line.
Results such as these highlight some of the ways in which processing of the stem is interdependent with that of the affixes with which it co-occurs. We examine this interaction in more detail below because it may identify a potential weakness of an account of morphological processing restricted to the stem, and an account of typing where keystrokes are executed in series irrespective of emerging lexical or non-lexical context based on the particular combination of morphemes which accompany the stem.
Analyses of Keystroke Trajectories Aligned to Stem Onset
In order to further examine whether rate of keystroke execution was stable or decreased uniformly across positions in the word, we compared keystroke by position within stems that appeared in contexts composed of various combinations of affixes in keystroke trajectory analyses. The keystroke latencies again were transformed with a log-transformation to approach normality and we then excluded the first keystroke of the word from the analyses. We included the following predictors in our statistical models: Condition, which marks the three different morphological structures within an experiment, Keystroke Position, which captures the position of the keystroke within the stem relative to its onset, Key, indicating the particular letter that was typed, and Stimulus, describing the word-triplets, i.e., words in three different conditions that were derived from the same stem, and Participant. GAMM analyses were performed on the data for each experiment separately, with non-linear random smooth's included for Keystroke Position by Stimulus, and non-linear random smooth's for Keystroke Position by Participant by Condition, and a random intercept for Key, capturing the variation in typing caused by the different letters. The models were fitted using the smoothing parameter estimation method fREML (fast restricted maximum likelihood) for estimating the smoothing parameters, because the data were too large to use ML (maximum likelihood). As a consequence, the model comparisons may be less reliable. Therefore, we used both the model summary information and a model-comparison procedure to determine whether the predictors Condition and Keystroke Position and their interaction explained significantly more variance in the data than the baseline model with only random effects included.
For Experiment 1, we ran the GAMM analysis on the keystroke latencies in the stem (excluding the first keystroke), because the Stem words did not contain a suffix. Figure 8 (left panel) illustrates the estimated effects from the best-fitting statistical model. The model with the interaction between Condition and Keystroke Position included had a lower AIC value than the model without the interaction (ΔAIC = 8.69), but the fREML scores were not significantly different. Inspection of the estimated effects suggests that when typing the stem, there was no significant difference in keystroke latencies by position between the conditions Suffix-HF and Suffix-LF, although the latencies were faster when typing the Stem-words than in the other two suffixed conditions. Any distinctiveness of Suffix-HF keystrokes arose mainly at the end of the stem (see Figure 8, left). In addition, the summary statistics indicate a non-linear trend for typing keystrokes in the Stem words, that was significantly different from zero [FStem(3.732, 20421.281) = 4.28; p < 0.01], but nothing comparable for Suffix words. This outcome indicates that there is no difference between timing of keystroke positions for the stems in HF and LF productions as one produces the word.
Figure 8. Estimates from the GAMM models fitting the keystroke trajectories (excluding the first keystroke) aligned to the onset of the stem for all conditions ([stem, stem + suffix low frequency; stem + suffix high frequency]; [stem + suffix; prefix + stem (NW); prefix + stem + suffix]; [stem + suffix; prefix + stem + suffix (NW); prefix+ stem + suffix] in Experiments 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The onset of the stem is labeled as 1. Positions with significant latency differences are indicated in red. The vertical dashed line indicates the median onset of the suffixes, which are only included in the analysis of Experiment 3.
These results fail to be consistent with the analysis of the average stem latencies where there was a significant difference between the two Suffix-conditions. It seems to be the case that the latencies on the low frequency Suffix-words are slightly longer than on the high frequency Suffix-words. The difference was not sufficient to establish significantly different keystroke trajectories but did indicate a difference when we summed the latencies across positions to calculate the average stem latencies. Note that if the program to produce all keystrokes were retrieved in parallel and executed according to the same sequencing constraints then the pattern of keystroke latencies should not differ depending on the upcoming morphemes. Either trajectories should not vary by position within the word or perhaps they should decrease uniformly in later positions within the word but an effect on the stem of an upcoming affix and the lexical acceptability of the stem-affix combination are not anticipated in a repository account.
For Experiment 2, we ran the GAMM analysis on the keystroke latencies in the stem only (excluding the first keystroke of the word), because the Prefix-Nonwords did not contain a suffix, and the Suffix words did not contain a prefix. Here again, model comparisons suggested that the model with the interaction between Keystroke Position and Condition explained significantly more variance than a model without this interaction [χ(4)2 = 8.17, p = 0.003; ΔAIC = 7.05]. In contrast with the results of Experiment 1, the summary statistics of this model indicate that the trends over Keystroke Position for all three conditions are significantly different from zero [FSuffix(2.247, 22396.844) = 5.05, p < 0.01; FPrefix−Suffix(2.545, 22396.844) = 7.94, p < 0.001; FPrefix−Nonword(1.019, 22396.844) = 32.00, p < 0.001]. Further inspection of the estimated effects suggests that there was no significant difference in keystroke latencies between the word conditions Suffix and Prefix-Suffix when typing the stem, but that the latencies were faster when typing the Prefix nonwords than in the other two word conditions (see Figure 8, center). An effect of lexicality on prefixed strings emerged early in the stem, which was followed by a suffix in the word conditions, but not in the nonword condition. The difference between the words and nonwords seems to point to the absence of a word final speed up as arose in the presence of competing suffixes in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3 we included nonwords with a suffix, to further probe lexicality effects.
In contrast to the analyses for Experiments 1 and 2, we included the keystrokes on the stem and the suffix when analyzing the data of Experiment 3 (continuing to exclude the first keystroke of the word). Once again, model comparisons suggest that the model with the interaction between Keystroke Position and Condition explained significantly more variance than did a model without this interaction [χ(4)2 = 6.19, p = 0.015; ΔAIC = 13.02]. The summary statistics reveal that both word conditions, Prefix-Suffix and Suffix words, were better fitted with a linear regression line (edf = 1) rather than a non-linear trend. All three conditions show a significant decrease in latencies with increasing Keystroke Position [FSuffix(1.001, 31387.140) = 22.00, p < 0.001; FPrefix−Suffix(1.000, 31387.140) = 38.11, p < 0.001; FPrefix−Suffix−Nonword(3.394, 31387.140) = 21.09, p < 0.001]. Inspection of the estimated effects suggests that there is no significant difference in keystroke latencies between the conditions Suffix and Prefix-Suffix when typing the stem. Importantly however, the latencies were slower when typing the Prefix-Suffix nonwords than in the other two conditions (see Figure 8, right). This finding supports the idea that nonwords are more difficult to type than words with the same stem and same morphological (affixation) structure. Note that the differences in keystroke latencies between the words and nonwords disappears at the end of the stem (see also Figure 8, right panel). Lexicality of the prefix-stem-suffix sequence influences early keystroke latencies but by the time that participants are typing the suffix, any effect of lexicality has dissipated.
Taken together, the analyses of all three experiments show a speed-up in latencies at the end of the word and an early lexicality effect, with slower latencies for nonwords than words on the stem, but not on the suffix.
Keystroke Variation as a Function of Whole Word Frequency
Our final insights into the production of morphologically complex words derive from analyses of the conditions under which effects of orthographic similarity interact with frequency. We again combine the two Suffix-conditions from Experiments 2 and 3 into one analysis. In contrast with the earlier analysis of the first keystroke latency and the stem latencies, we did not include the Suffix conditions from Experiment 1 in this analysis, because these showed larger variation in suffix as well as stem length, which necessarily makes aligning the trajectories more complex: Suffix words in Experiment 1 varied in the length of suffix between 1 (e.g., "jealousy") and 6 characters (e.g., "satisfactory"). Materials in Experiments 2 and 3 underwent less variation in suffix length (2–4 characters).
Random non-linear smooth's for Keystroke Position by Stimulus, Keystroke by Participant, and Frequency by Participants were included in the GAMM model, along with a random intercept for Key. We included the predictor Experiment to test for differences between the experiments, and non-linear smooth's for Keystroke Position (aligned on the onset of the stem), Frequency, and OLD50, a measure of orthographic distance with the 50 most similar words. Word length was not included as predictor, because the experimental stimuli were constructed so as to restrict variation in word length. Of most interest were potential non-linear interactions between Keystroke Position and Frequency and between Keystroke Position and OLD50. Here again, the models were fitted using fREML for estimating the smoothing parameters, but because the data were too large for using ML, the model comparisons may be less reliable. Therefore, we report the summary statistics when these provide information on the contribution of a predictor or interaction. We excluded 10 words that did not occur in the Google Books Corpus as outliers from the analyses presented below, but we verified that this did not change the results by rerunning the models on all data. As the differences are small, we present here the data without the outliers.
The interaction between Keystroke Position on the stem plus suffix and OLD50 was significantly different from zero [F(3.478,16833.605) = 4.08; p < 0.01], but the interaction between Keystroke Position and Frequency made only a weak contribution to the model [F(2.524,16833.605) = 2.78; p = 0.034] (it did not reach significance with all data included). Further, there was a linear main effect for Frequency [F(1.000,16833.605) = 15.27; p < 0.001] and for Keystroke Position [F(3.248,16833.605) = 5.44; p < 0.001] with no effect of experiment. Figure 9 presents the model estimates of the partial effects (i.e., individual model terms) for Keystroke Position, Frequency, and the interaction between Keystroke Position and Frequency on the top row. The effect of Keystroke Position showed a general decrease in keystroke latencies, along with an even steeper decrease after the stem (the stem length ranges between 4 and 8 characters, with a median stem length of 6 characters).
Figure 9. Estimates from the best-fitting statistical models of the keystroke trajectories (excluding the first keystrokes of the words) aligned to the onset of the stem for the Suffix words in Experiments 2, and 3. The top row shows the partial effects of Keystroke Position (left), Frequency (center), and Keystroke Position by Frequency (right). The bottom row shows the partial effect of Keystroke Position by OLD50 (right) and the summed effects of Keystroke Position by Frequency, with random effects excluded (center).
In the analysis of the stem trajectories of Experiment 3 suffixes are included because all conditions had suffixes. In this case, no boundary pattern was detectable in the analysis. There was an overall frequency effect, with lower word frequencies resulting in generally longer keystroke latencies. The partial interaction effect indicates that the word frequency effect is stronger when typing the affix than when typing the stem. The center panel (surrounded by a box) shows the summed effects for Keystroke Position and Frequency, including the partial effects in the top row and the intercept. Of particular relevance is that higher frequency words show a much steeper decrease in keystroke latencies at the end of the word than do lower frequency words. Finally, the bottom left panel shows the estimated interaction (partial effect) of Keystroke Position by OLD50. This interaction suggests that the effect of orthographic uniqueness (lower OLD50 values) increases the latencies at the end of the stem and on the suffix. For the longer words, this effect seems to be reversed around the last characters. Basically, any effect of orthographic similarity comes in later than the effects of whole word frequency.
At a minimum, it is evident that effects of frequency on keystrokes latencies persist throughout an entire word and that they are not uniform across position; as a rule, they decrease across positions in the word. Perhaps most important is that the rate of speeding up varies with whole word frequency. Stated succinctly, keystrokes latencies in higher frequency words show a more dramatic reduction at the end of the word than in lower frequency words.
In the present study we asked whether average keystroke latencies and related measures for identical constituent letters in a stem vary systematically according to their lexical properties (letter length, orthographic neighborhood density) or to those of the words in which they appear (whole word frequency). As a rule, higher frequency words were typed more quickly and more accurately than lower frequency words, and words were typed more quickly and more accurately than nonwords when length was matched. In the framework where the mental lexicon is treated as a repository of lexical knowledge and access to it is conceptualized as all or none, time to access knowledge about a particular word will vary across words due to frequency and this effect of whole word frequency gets reflected in the layout or organization of word representations in the lexicon. In essence, recognition of a word or the motor program to type it is described as a search through a repository of words where search duration depends on the manner in which the repository is organized.
A prominent recent model of expert typing is compatible with this tradition and posits two independent loops (Crump and Logan, 2010a,b; Logan and Crump, 2010, 2011). In this framework, the outer loop passes along lexical knowledge about the requisite motor program to the inner loop but is blind to keystroke sequencing or timing which are the responsibility of the inner loop. It is successful in accounting for a number of interesting effects (see Logan, 2018 for review). As we have highlighted above, the model does not predict that lexical effects that persist into the inner loop should vary across keystroke positions because component keystrokes are activated in parallel and executed in series once a word is retrieved (Crump and Logan, 2010a,b; Logan and Crump, 2010, 2011). As noted above, however, effects of retyping a probed position seem more consistent with graded activation across positions, because effects are stronger earlier in a word (Logan et al., 2016). In this case, the higher-level word unit may be activating all of the keystrokes in parallel but there is some indication that execution varies with position within the word. Similarly, degree of disruption to typical keystroke position vary according to the position of the target letter within the word (Yamaguchi and Logan, 2014).
In the present study, we provide novel evidence that activation as measured by keystroke latency does vary with position within the word and that it is not uniform across contexts when length is controlled. Rather, measures based on keystroke latencies can be influenced by stem position within the string, by string lexicality and affixation, and by similarity of the target string to other words. It is important to note that in prior discussion, Logan and Crump (2011, p. 7) do acknowledge the potential cross-talk between these loops, but argue that these relationships are unlikely to contribute substantially to explaining variation in production. Such a comparison of effect size between purported outer and inner loops is outside the scope of the present study. However, the methods we described in our three experiments may permit new investigation of these distinctions through new tasks and, importantly, new statistical models. We elaborate below.
Most novel in our study was the analysis of keystroke trajectories which revealed not only that rate of keystroke execution decreased across positions in the word but also that those changes were not uniform over different morphological structures and word frequencies. In order to test these effects, we took a multilevel model-building approach, integrated various item- and subject-level factors contributing to the sequence of interkey intervals, and | 5,059 |
The explosive sound that is normally associated with a sonic boom occurs when an object goes faster than the speed of sound. An object that breaks the sound barrier is pushing the surrounding air away and it creates pressure waves in front of and behind the object. When these waves travel at such high speeds, they can't avoid each other. When they come together, they become a single ear-splitting shock wave known as a Mach cone.
With light, creating a photonic sonic boom is a little more tricky. Theoretical physics tells us that nothing is faster than the speed of light. But light can go slower than its top speed when it moves through materials like glass. Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis decided to take advantage of that fact in order to test a longstanding theory that light can also create conical waves. They've now published their results in a paper at Science Advances.
First, study lead author Jinyang Liang, an optical engineer at Washington University in St. Louis, and his colleagues designed a narrow tunnel filled with dry ice fog. This tunnel was sandwiched between plates made of a mixture of silicone rubber and aluminium oxide powder.
Then, the researchers<|fim_middle|> of this illusive phenomenon.
The coolest thing about all of this is that the high-powered streak camera records ultrafast events in a single burst, which allows it to capture unpredictable occurrences that may not repeat themselves. The researchers hope that the camera system will be useful for applications in neuroscience and other fast/complex biomedical events. | fired pulses of green laser light — each lasting only 7 picoseconds (trillionths of a second) — down the tunnel. These pulses could scatter off the specks of dry ice within the tunnel, generating light waves that could enter the surrounding plates.
The green light that the scientists used travelled faster inside the tunnel than it did in the plates. As such, as a laser pulse moved down the tunnel, it left a cone of slower-moving overlapping light waves behind it within the plates.
The "streak camera" that was developed especially for this purpose captures 100 billion frames per second in a single exposure, making it the fastest camera in the world that only requires available lighting. The camera photographed the passing light from three different views and the images were combined to give us a moving image | 161 |
Back In Berkeley, a big series claims the big screen for Women Crime Writers Print
In Berkeley, a big series claims the big screen for Women Crime Writers
Summer movie season is upon us!—and if you happen to live in the California Bay Area, an exciting alternative to standard blockbuster fare now is now screening at a theater near you.
Library of America's two-volume anthology Women Crime Writers: Eight Suspense Novels of the 1940s & 50s is the basis for Band of Outsiders: Women Crime Writers, a nearly summer–long retrospective at the Berkeley Art Museum Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA). Beginning this week and running through August 17, the series presents fifteen movies adapted from works by authors in the Women Crime Writers anthology, from acknowledged classics like Strangers on a Train and Laura to comparatively lesser–known fare like Bedelia and The Fool Killer.
Coming nearly two years after Library of America published the<|fim_middle|>key on In a Lonely Place (screens August 11)
• David Ehrenstein on Band of Outsiders (screens August 17)
The Library of America's companion website for Women Crime Writers offers detailed information on the eight novels and their authors, along with appreciations by contemporary writers and a wealth of contextual material.
Sarah Weinman: Women Crime Writers tells a new story about genre fiction
Sarah Weinman on Women Crime Writers: "They had their own stories to tell . . . in distinct, sometimes ruthless ways"
Related Writers: Patricia Highsmith
Related Volumes: Helen Eustis: The Horizontal Man (LOA eBook & Audiobook Classic) Dolores Hitchens: Fools' Gold (LOA eBook & Audiobook Classic) Women Crime Writers: Four Suspense Novels of the 1950s Women Crime Writers: Four Suspense Novels of the 1940s Women Crime Writers: Eight Suspense Novels of the 1940s & 50s (boxed set) | Women Crime Writers anthology, the BAMPFA retrospective is a gratifying illustration of how the collection, edited by Sarah Weinman, continues to resonate through the culture. (The New York City repertory cinema Film Forum ran a one–week series inspired by Women Crime Writers in December 2015.)
The Berkeley series arrives at a time when women's status in the film industry is being discussed as perhaps never before. As though tacitly acknowledging this contemporary context, BAMPFA Film Curator Kathy Geritz notes that all the films in the series were directed by men, but encourages viewers to "watch for the women's touch: the focus on the home, often fraught with anxiety, exposing women—and sometimes children—to peril; the complexity of women characters whose lives are caught between their desires and society's expectations or who actively seek liberation from restrictive mores; and the relish with which ordinary men's dark impulses are unmasked."
Visit bampfa.org for complete details on the series. And if you want to learn more about some of the very best movies in BAMPFA's retrospective (and the novels they're based on), Library of America's web feature The Moviegoer has recently given several of them in–depth critical reconsiderations. Start your browsing now:
• Wendy Lesser on Purple Noon (screens July 1)
• Megan Abbott on Laura (screens July 21)
• Carrie Ric | 286 |
Ängsnäbbflugan (Rhingia campestris) är en blomfluga som tillhör släktet näbblomflugor som har en väldigt karakteristisk utstickande "näbb".
Kännetecken
Ängsnäbbflugan är en medelstor blomfluga med en längd på 8 till 11 millimeter (näbb inräknad). Den känns lätt igen på den långa utstickande näbben. Ansiktet, antennerna och b<|fim_middle|>Campestris betyder fält på latin.
Källor
Externa länkar
Blomflugor | akkroppen domineras av orange färg medan ryggskölden är svartglänsande. Näbben är mer än dubbelt så lång som antennerna vilket skiljer den från skogsnäbbflugan. En annan detalj som skiljer ängsnäbbflugan från skogsnäbbfluga är att antennborsten saknar behåring.
Levnadssätt
Ängsnäbbflugan trivs bäst i fuktiga miljöer som våtmarker, fuktiga ängsmarker och löv- och blandskogar. Den håller gärna till i närheten av marker som betas av nötkreatur. Det beror på att larverna utvecklas framför allt i blöt kospillning, men de kan även utvecklas i annan djurspillning. Äggen läggs på grässtrån rakt ovanför spillningen och larverna faller efter kläckningen ner på spillningen och borrar sig ner i den. De vuxna flugorna ses på olika blommor. Med sin långa näbb kan den suga nektar från blommor som andra blomflugor har svårt att komma åt, till exempel humleblomster, men även många andra blommor. Flygtiden varar från början av maj till mitten av september.
Utbredning
Ängsnäbbfluga är vanlig i Götaland och Svealand men finns även i större delen av Norrland. Den finns i hela norra Europa utom på Island. Den finns i större delen av övriga Europa och österut genom Sibirien bort till Stilla havet.
Etymologi
| 412 |
Shake-in' It Up at Pace Again!
The Bard is back again on February 27-March 13 as Pace's Schimmel Center opens up its doors to Academy Award winner F. Murray Abraham and The Merchant of Venice. And students can get in on the action for just $5!
Money. Love. Betrayal. Forgiveness. Revenge! If you think this sounds like an episode of Gossip Girl, you're probably right, but what we're talking about here you'll get to witness live as Pace welcomes The Merchant of Venice to the NYC Campus.
Academy Award-winning actor F. Murray Abraham, who's<|fim_middle|> $5 student rush tickets. To book tickets and for more information on pricing levels, click here.
For more information on all of our past and upcoming Shakespeare productions and to get a video sneak peek of Comedy of Errors coming in April, visit our Shakespeare at Pace website!
Next Next post: Your Fairy Job Mother is Back! | starred in such films as Amadeus, All the President's Men, and Scarface, reprises his role as Shylock in Theater for a New Audience's compelling production of William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice at Pace's Schimmel Center on February 27-March 13.
The New York Times called it "powerfully moving," The Guardian gave it four stars, and now all Pace students can see it for as little as $5. While the cost of tickets ranges from $40 to $75 for the general public, Pace students can pick up tickets in advance for $10 or wait for | 128 |
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Built-In mic/remote for iOS, Android & Blackberry. Thick and robust 1.2m cord with gold-plated slim L-plug compatible with iPhone. Soft Padded headband and earpads provide comfort during extend use. Key Features.
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JVC HA-RX700 Stereo Headphones - Black.
Up for sale is a J | 784 |
Tag: Austria
Summoning the celestial: The Sex of the Angels, The Saints in their Heaven by Raoul Schrott
If absence makes the heart grow stronger, absence tinged with the uncertainty of love returned can lead the heart and the imagination to wander into realms beyond the merely mortal. To contemplate romantic perfection. To be filled with a longing for something that may no longer exist. To attempt to counter the earthly with the heavenly. To trust in angels.
The wonderfully titled The Sex of the Angels, The Saints in their Heaven is essentially a series of missives from a lovelorn poet to a mysterious red-haired beauty from whom he has been separated by time, distance and, perhaps, some recklessness on his part. He is writing from County Cork in the south of Ireland, a place which is not his home, where he is exiled, or has exiled himself, sending into the nightly blackness a chain of love letters ever so loosely disguised as a sensual, passionate and mildly profane angelology accompanied by miniaturized hagiographies. Originally published in German in 2001, this extraordinary work by Austrian writer Raoul Schrott, with its arresting illustrations by Italian artist Arnold Mario Dall'O, is now available from the inimitable Seagull Books in Karen Leeder's delicately rendered translation. Fictional, but not a conventional novel, essayistic, but meditative in style, this book is an engaging blend of philosophy, mythology, the classical sciences, saintly heroism, and earthbound human romantic longing.
Our narrator begins, as one would expect, with Dionysius the Areopagite—not the saint, but the fifth century Syrian Neoplatonist who, writing in the name and style of his sanctified predecessor was the first to craft a hierarchy of angels and demons, a celestial stepladder to God for dark times. Within Pseudo-Dionysius' model of an angel-sustained universe, he locates himself and his own angelic entity:
For Earth he chose only a single one, which he placed in the lower arc of my ribs where I can feel it now, hard as a little planet. I carry it with me (even now in the train it keeps to its orbit) and sometimes I can see it before me: its mouth, black brows and a storm of red hair over its freckles, an incarnation of St. Elmo's fire.
Captive and captivated, he writes as if possessed, bringing the Aurora Borealis, Samuel Johnson, Greek and Babylonian mythology and more into his musings as he tries to make sense of his fate, this spell of infatuation under which he is labouring. His thoughts never stray far from his beloved even though his letters have yet to elicit a response. He is continues his conversation into the silence, remembering their moments together. It is not entirely clear how much he really has to build on, how much they ever had, a quality that amplifies the sense of yearning:
Then as I sat next to you in the great hall, I heard you more than saw you beside me; I listened to you; wings folding shut. Do I bore you with all these sophistries and sentimentalities? It is only because the post takes so damned long, because I don't know whether you will ever respond, not how; because I must eke out the little that I have to create a picture of you: little stones for a mosaic. The angels help me lay it out.
As he wanders the past and waits in the present, meditating on the nature of the role of angels in the affairs of humans, especially his own, our poet paints an image of a windswept remoteness, an isolation actual and emotional. He references local towns, harbours and natural features, like the aptly named Mount Gabriel. The ocean is never far away, and water is a major presence in his memories, his sense of loss, and much of the mythology he calls on. His heartache is pervasive, and achingly beautiful:
I walk through the grass; it brushes against my shoes. All is still, and I wish your voice was with me now, whispered and low so that only I could hear it. Instead the moon starts off on a soliloquy. Where it stands, stubbornly apart, is the southwest and somewhere behind is where you are, as if only I had to concentrate to see that far, peer over the curvature of the earth. But where you are it is an hour later, I only wish I knew how to catch up that hour.
Because the distance that haunts him is temporal, in more than one sense of the word, trusting the angels, even if as he admits, he does not believe in them, has a certain logic. A comfort.
Turning to John Scotus Eriugena, the ninth century Irish theologian, best known for translating and commenting on Pseudo-Dionysius, the narrator reflects on the inverted balance existing between humans and their heavenly counterparts:
the angel finds its form within humankind through the spirit (intellectus) of the angel that is in the man; and man comes into being in the angel through the spirit of humankind within him and so on and so forth for all eternity without a single Amen being granted to us in Eriugenia's scholastic permutations. We are nothing but the imaginings of angels; and angels exist only in our thoughts: that is our paradox not theirs.
He has entrusted his love and his beloved to the care of angels, to hold her for him in their thoughts. And yet, as her own distinction from the angels becomes less clear in his letters, one has to wonder how much she has begun to exist only in his thoughts. If she, in her epistolary silence is possibly not thinking of him, what existential questions does that raise? For him? For any of us who has ever loved hopelessly another who will never return our affection? At heart, he knows, it seems.
And: no, I am not writing for writing's sake; no, if my letters were in any way beautiful, there were so only on account of you; no, they are not complete in themselves; all they do is beg for the answer and conceal best they can the question (they tiptoe in stealth as I know they are trespassing on your territory). No, your cheeks were so warm that it felt as if I could have woken up next to you; no, there is nothing that could possibly dis-appoint you from the rank of the angels; no, the Amores will never run out of arrows, although I make a rather unholy Sebastian; and no, the angels will not wear themselves out with words; writing to you brought at least a few hours relief, then you started up again humming in my ears.
The Sex of the Angels, The Saints in Their Heavens reads like an extended meditative conversational prose poem, a playful interplay between earth and the heavens, grounded in the inescapable humanness of romantic love. The rich illustrations and micro biographies of the lives and martyrdom of the saints accompanying the text work together to form a running commentary on the interrelationship between love, spirituality, literature and art. This book could almost be, if one didn't know better, the work of the angels themselves.
Author roughghostsPosted on April 23, 2019 April 23, 2019 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags Arnold Mario Dall'O, art, Austria, book review, books, German, Karen Leeder, literature, Raoul Schrott, Seagull Books, The Sex of the Angels The saints in their Heaven, translation1 Comment on Summoning the celestial: The Sex of the Angels, The Saints in their Heaven by Raoul Schrott
Comic relief: Old Masters by Thomas Bernhard, Illustrated by Nicolas Mahler
Anyone familiar with the unbroken, single paragraph monologues that characterize the typical novel by late Austrian writer, Thomas Bernhard, might find it hard to imagine how his work could be realized in the medium of the graphic novel. I mean wouldn't there be too many words to corral on the blank page? How could the intensity of the original be translated? For Austrian cartoonist and animator Nicolas Mahler it's simply a matter of focusing on the essentials of the story and letting his quirky illustrations and creative use of space do the rest. As a result, his graphic interpretation of Bernhard's Old Masters: A Comedy is, well, something of a small masterpiece. One suspects that the author himself, and his alter ego characters, Reger and Atzbacher, would secretly agree, despite their shared conviction that a true artistic masterpiece is impossible to achieve, let alone imagine.
Rendered in stark black and white drawings playing on extremes—massive architectural details, characters who are tiny and squat, elongated and thin, or large and corpulent, often grotesque, appear against golden yellow highlights (a distant echo of the artwork in Ludwig Bemelmans' Madeline series)—Mahler allows his images to complement and amplify the ridicule, humour and disgust so intrinsic to this and the majority of Bernhard's idiosyncratic prose. Frequently recurring of images—the museum security guard, Irrsigler, seems to spend an inordinate amount of time disappearing into the men's room—visually mimic Bernhard's fondness for repeating phrases and motifs. As the blurb on the back of the newly released English language translation of this comic-book take on a comic classic states: "The Master of Overstatement meets the Master of Understatement."
And it's a match made in, well, the Art History Museum in Vienna.
There is precious little action in Old Masters and little obvious plot. It is, however, a spirited takedown of Bernhard's favourite targets: the Catholic Church, the State, the arts and artists—his characteristically dark, satirical look at the world in general and Viennese society in particular. But it is also, in the end, a touching, sad and surprisingly romantic tale.
The story unfolds, if you will, at the musem, on a bench in the "so-called Bordone Gallery" directly across from Tintoretto's White-Bearded Man. Here sits Reger, as he is wont to do every other day. Meanwhile, the narrator, his long-time friend Atbacher, observes him, just out of sight, from the "so-called Sebastiano Gallery" waiting for exactly eleven thirty, the time at which the two men have agreed to meet. Reger's invitation is out of character because the they had met there just the day before and this second consecutive rendezvous was not in keeping with the typical pattern of either man. Curious as to the reason for Reger's invitation to break from habit, Atbacher has arrived an hour early so as to watch his friend undetected. Naturally, this provides him the opportunity to launch into a lengthy account of Reger's family history, his opinionated views, and his predilection to spend every other day at the museum, seated across from Tintoretto's White-Bearded Man. In the novel this monologue consumes the bulk of the text. The same is true in this version which contains roughly the same number of pages, but much, much fewer words! We learn that Reger, the museum regular, has been visiting the Art History Museum for over three decades. Yet his attitude toward great art, the work of the "so-called" old masters, is one of disdain. Philosophically, he muses that a detail might be perfected, but the whole of any painting, sculpture, or other artwork ultimately leaves us appalled:
There is no perfect painting and there is no perfect book and there is no perfect piece of music, said Reger, that is the truth.
None of these world-famous masterpieces, no matter who did them, is actually something whole and perfect. That reassures me, he said. In essence, this makes me happy.
Only when we unswervingly come to the realization that there isn't this whole or perfect thing do we have a possibility of survival.
And that has been the reason why I have gone to the Art History Museum for over thirty years…
As one might a expect, a number of artists, writers, and thinkers are subject harsh, and often hilarious, criticism as Reger, speaking through Atbacher's account, expresses his unbridled opinions. Nineteenth century Austrian author, Adalbert Stifter, for example, is written off as a "kitsch master" with "enough kitsch on any random page to satisfy more than one generation of poetry-thirsty nuns and nurses" and then, strangely, compared to Heidegger, that "National Socialist, knickerbocker-wearing Philistine." No one tosses out an insult like a cranky Bernhard character!There is, of course, much more below the surface than insults and irritation. That is where his peculiar wisdom lies. And, in this story, we learn that our irascible main character Reger's antipathy to the old masters, and artists in general, has its roots in an emptiness they cannot fill. One that speaks to his, and our, need for love. One does not need to be familiar with Old Masters in its original form to enjoy this book (I wasn't), but exposure to Bernhard in his full verbal intensity probably is. The satire, the heartbreaking warmth of the ending, and the sheer feat of rendering the mood and spirit of the Austrian writer's pessimism and bleak humour into a graphic novel is not likely to be fully appreciated otherwise. I am a huge admirer of Bernhard, but I confess I've never really been drawn to graphic novels (pardon the pun). But the other night, when my son found this book on the doorstep of my old house where it had been left by a courier, I was immediately captivated. It has been a difficult few weeks and Bernhard's misanthropic humour, oddly, is always strange comfort at such times. The beauty of this book is that it is not only a delight to read and look at, but I can imagine myself returning to it and rereading it many times (after all it doesn't take very long—it's akin to an instant hit of Bernhard relief).
Thomas Bernhard's Old Masters, illustrated by Nicolas Mahler, is translated from the German by James Reidel, and published by Seagull Books. Essential medicine for any Bernhard fan, I'd say.
This is my first offering for German Literature Month 2018.
Author roughghostsPosted on November 5, 2018 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags #germanlitmonth 2018, Austria, book review, books, German, graphic novel, James Reidel, literature, Nicolas Mahler, Old Masters Illustrated, Thomas Bernhard, translation19 Comments on Comic relief: Old Masters by Thomas Bernhard, Illustrated by Nicolas Mahler
Silence, silence! A Skeleton Plays Violin: Book Three of Our Trakl — Georg Trakl
Listen carefully, what do you see?
Clouds expose their unyielding breasts,
And bedecked by leaves and berries
You see grinning in the dark pines
A skeleton play violin.
When Book One of Our Trakl emerged two years ago, attentive readers and lovers of beautiful books sensed the beginning of a very special project dedicated to the work of the Austrian poet who continues to intrigue and enthrall us more than one hundred years after his untimely death in 1914, at the age of twenty-seven. Translator James Reidel was introduced to Georg Trakl in the late 1970s, when he was himself beginning to write poetry. Early on he was made aware of the difficulty and importance of translating Trakl's work. As the years went on, he would make his way back to Trakl through reading, and translating, Thomas Bernhard, Ingeborg Bachman and Franz Werfel. In the meantime, new Trakl translations had emerged and so, with this series published by Seagull Books, he has added his own contribution—his own approach to this ever elusive and enigmatic writer.
The first two volumes of Our Trakl represent complete collections of poems, as selected and prepared by the poet: Poems (Gedichte, 1913) and Sebastian Dreaming (Sebastian im Traum, published posthumously in 1915). The third and final part, A Skeleton Plays Violin, gathers Trakl's early and late published works, unpublished pieces, and significant variants and derivations, in yet another beautifully designed edition. Through the poems and prose collected here, presented chronologically and woven together with a sensitive biographical essay, we can trace his development as a poet, and see potential indications of where he might have gone had he survived the war and his own demons. With Poems and Sebastian Dreaming close at hand, reading can become a truly immersive experience.
Immediately one notices a strong youthful, romantic quality to Trakl's earliest creative efforts which include prose, plays, and poetry. Religious and classical Greek themes recur, as do sombre images of suffering and neglect. Born in 1887, he began writing and publishing in his late teens when he was working as an apprentice pharmacist in Salzburg—a job that afforded him access to the drugs he had been sampling seriously from the age of fourteen and that would continue to play a significant role in his life. The intensity that is said to have marked his personal demeanour comes through in his early work, granting it an eerie maturity.
A move to Vienna to continue his pharmaceutical studies in 1908, led to periods of depression and anxiety. While his reputation as a poet grew, he was unsatisfied and critical of his work. His unhappiness in the capital, worsened in part by the complications of having his beloved sister present for a time, is reflected in his published poetry from this period. It is possible to feeling the aching in his words, as in the first two stanza of "Twilight":
You are dishevelled, wracked by every pain
And shake from every jarring melody,
You a broken harp—a wretched heart,
From which blossom misery's sick flowers.
Who bid your adversary, your killer,
The one who stole the last spark of your soul,
The way he degodded this barren world
Into a whore foul, sick, pale with decay!
In 1910, Trakl's sister to whom he had always been close—perhaps too close—left Vienna to return to Salzburg. Two months later, in June, his father died, an event which had a major impact on the entire family, economically and functionally. However, his corpse and ghost would provide inspiration for his son's poetry which, at this time, began to shake loose a nostalgia for the past, and the influence of the Symbolists and German Romantics, to find its own distinct voice. Sexual tension is increasingly sublimated and Trakl's lines become "ever more discrete, simple and painterly." His imagery also shifts:
Liminal beings begin to populate the poems—angels, demons, dead gods, nymphs, fawns and statues of dead nobles, hunted animals, skeletons, corpses and the ever-shape-shifting presence of the poet and the figure of the sister. And this figure may be more of a composite than we know, for Trakl adored his older sisters too.
A persistent presence in Trakl's life and poetry is his younger sister Grete. The rumoured incestuous nature—or at least longings— that bound the two is a subject of measured discussion in the biographical segments, Reidel preferring, ultimately, to leave the poetry to speak for itself, as it will.
Toward the end of 1910, with a need to support himself, Trakl joined the army. He was assigned to the Garrison Hospital in Vienna where his commanding officer would later describe him as hardworking and friendly. Mid-1911 saw him return to Salzburg where he worked as a civilian pharmacist until the spring of 1912 when he was promoted to Garrison Hospital 10 in Innsbruck. Initially unimpressed with his new location in spite of its glorious forested and mountainous setting, he soon became involved with a new literary circle, and made connections that would prove critical to his career and lead to the publication of his first book. Thus he made peace with the surrounding landscape which also begins to make its way into his poetry. However, as his poetic soul flourishes, his work life suffers. Ultimately, unable to hold a job, he surrenders himself to writing, and the increasingly reckless life of a poet.
The extensive central sections of A Skeleton Plays Violin, which feature unpublished poems and versions of published pieces, offer a window into the refining of Trakl's imagination and craft. We see him spinning, again and again, the phrases, imagery, and themes he wishes to perfect—the crimson mouth, the screaming faun, the turn of the season, the quality of light—and watch the tightening of his language as the final version is formed. Reidel's selection covers a wide terrain, yet is careful to bring together those variants and completed works that highlight Trakl's growth and maturity over time. It is impossible though, not to notice that his work only seems to grow darker.
For Trakl, periods of depression and panic attacks marked the second half of 1913. He continued to consume alcohol and drugs, cocaine and morphine, at a remarkable rate. He saw himself as a doomed soul, even as his star was steadily rising in German poetry. He held to his writing to see him through that winter. He continued to attract impressive admirers, including Ludwig Wittgenstein, and plans were made for a second volume of poetry. However, with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in June of 1914, Trakl's world was upended. With the advent of what would become the First World War, he was assigned as a medic to a frontline infantry unit heading east. The conditions soon took a toll on his mental and emotional health. He was hospitalized in Krakow following a suicide threat, and was found, in his room, on November 3, dead from an apparent cocaine overdose.
His later published poems show that a deep melancholy had long settled into his work. "Evening Reel," for instance, published in October of 1913 opens with playful natural imagery, albeit a little grim:
Fields of asters brown and blue,
Children play there by the grave vaults,
In the open skies of evening,
Blown into the clear skies,
Seagulls hover silver-grey.
Horns call in the flood meadow.
To end, even gloomier, three stanzas later:
The candles' glow weaves dreamlike,
Paints this youthful flesh decaying,
Cling-clang! Hear in the fog,
Ring in time with the violins,
And bones dance along naked,
Long does the moon peer inside.
Trakl's final published poems are stormy and dramatic. The wistful beauty is gone; the imagery is now steeped with darkness—war is at hand. "The Despair" captures the scene:
Then the black horses leap
On a pasture in fog.
You soldiers!
From the hill where the sun wheels dying
The laughing blood rushes
Amid oaks
Speechless! O the grumbling despair
Of the army, a steel helmet
Dropped clattering from a crimson brow.
Until the end, Trakl held fast to poetry. It has been suggested that the news that the publication of Sebastian Dreaming would have to be put off until the war ended played a pivotal role in his final desperation. We will never know exactly what finally tipped the scales for a man whose scales tipped so heavily to dark side so often in his short life. Nonetheless, his last creative efforts form a rousing crescendo to the third and closing volume of this ambitious poetic project.
Wisely and appropriately, the final words are perhaps best left to Trakl himself, from "Revelation and Perdition," the grim, haunting prose piece which closes out this powerful testament to a troubled poet, lost too soon:
When I walked into the garden in twilight, and the black figure of evil had yielded to me, the hyacinthine stillness of the night surrounded me; and I sailed in a crescent-shaped boat across the stagnant pond and a sweet peace touched me on the brow turned to stone; and when I died in witness, fear and that pain deepest inside me died; and the blue shadow of the boy rose lightning the darkness, a soft singing; on lunar wings, above the greening treetops, crystal cliffs, rose the white face of the sister.
A Skeleton Plays Violin: The Early, Unpublished and Last Works of Georg Trakl is translated by James Reidel and published by Seagull Books.
Author roughghostsPosted on September 15, 2017 June 19, 2018 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags A Skeleton Plays Violin, Austria, book review, books, Georg Trakl, German, James Reidel, literature, poetry, Seagull Books, translation10 Comments on Silence, silence! A Skeleton Plays Violin: Book Three of Our Trakl — Georg Trakl
Goethe Dies by Thomas Bernhard – My Numéro Cinq review
I have written about Thomas Bernhard's novels before, but faced with prospect of writing a longer critical review of a book containing four short stories I was faced with a dilemma: What does one say about Bernhard?
The question really is: How much familiarity with Bernhard should one assume? He is, most definitely, a singular writer. Those of us who count ourselves among the converted tend to have bulging bookshelves filled with a healthy supply of Bernhard's novels, memoirs and poetry. Others are uncertain or fail to be immediately captivated. A bit of Bernhard primer is thus in order for those potential new readers, especially in this instance, because Goethe Dies, the collection at hand, offers a perfect opportunity to experience the magic of the master in miniature. A treat I argue for readers no matter their degree of prior acquaintance.
So in the following review published at Numéro Cinq earlier this week I tried to balance my general discussion of Bernhard's prose style to provide a context for the appreciation of my analysis of the stories that would not be too redundant for the experienced or too vague for the novice.
Here's a taste of the review, please click through the link at the end to read the rest. And while you're there have a look around. There is another great issue shaping up at NC.
A Master Set Loose in a Small Space: Review of Thomas Bernhard's Goethe Dies — Joseph Schreiber
Once acquainted with the work of the late Austrian writer, Thomas Bernhard, it is difficult to remain indifferent. One is either put off by his endlessly convoluted sentences, his bitter, misanthropic vision, and his fondness for digressive, contradictory and self-obsessed narratives; or one is swept up in the singular energetic flow of his darkly comic genius and never looks back. For those who find themselves in the latter camp, the announcement of a newly translated collection of four short stories originally published in periodicals in the early 1980's is good news indeed.
Bernhard in short form may lack the unleashed full force intensity afforded when a single paragraph is allowed to unspool over one or two hundred pages or more; but these minor works, if you like, offer a valuable and entertaining opportunity to observe a master at play in a small, contained space. As with the early stories of Prose and the micro-fiction of The Voice Imitator, the short pieces collected in Goethe Dies, recently released by Seagull Books, highlight many of the essential elements that lend Bernhard's work such a distinctive, infectious voice. Consequently, they may be best appreciated against a certain familiarity with the author and the idiosyncratic features that characterize his novels.
Continue reading here:
Author roughghostsPosted on June 7, 2016 June 8, 2016 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags Austria, book review, German, Goethe Dies, James Reidel, literature, Numero Cinq, Seagull Books, short stories, Thomas Bernhard, translation2 Comments on Goethe Dies by Thomas Bernhard – My Numéro Cinq review
Peace for the soul: Sebastian Dreaming by Georg Trakl
Mother bore the babe in the white moon,
In the shadow of the walnuts, ancient elderberry,
Drunk on poppy juice, the lament of the thrush;
And silently
A bearded face bows with compassion over her
Quietly in the dark of the window; and the old chattel
Of ancestors
Lay broken up; love and autumn reverie.
So begins "Sebastian Dreaming", the centre piece of the second and final collection of poems prepared for publication by Georg Trakl during his lifetime. His first collection, Poems (Gedichte) had been published to warm reception in 1913, but, one year later as he was awaiting the release of this volume, he received word that the war would indefinitely delay all further publications. It is thought that this news, in conjunction with the mental and emotional stress he suffered working in the dire conditions of a wartime military hospital, contributed to his early demise. On November 3, 1914, he was found dead of a cocaine overdose. He was twenty-seven years old.
Sebastian Dreaming (Sebastian im Traum), represents the second book of Our Trakl, a three part series of new translations of Trakl's complete works by American poet and translator James Reidel. Recently released by Seagull Books, this volume joins Poems, which was published in 2015. True to form it is finely crafted and beautifully presented. Although the poems here have appeared in other compilations, and editions of selected works, Reidel contends that this book deserves to be read, as Trakl intended, as a single volume. As with Poems, the reader is invited to spend time with the work as a whole, to engage with Trakl's fractured, dream-like vision.
In an earlier review of the first volume of this series, I traced an overview of Trakl's life and included links to Reidel's essay about this project in the journal Mudlark. The elements of Trakl's poetry, and the challenges facing the translator, are perhaps even more strikingly evident in this book. The motifs that dominate his first collection – rural landscape, nature, colour, signs of life, images of death and the abiding presence of his beloved sister Grete – are all here, but there is a more restrained and disjointed feel to many of the pieces. This reflects, according to Reidel, Trakl's continuous efforts to try to pluck poems out of his experience, efforts that fall apart and lead him to return to the same images and motifs repeatedly:
"Indeed, translating him is like finding ones footing on the blue glass mountain of fairy tales—with Grete the princess within. The great irony, for me, is that the constant improvements, revisions, and corrections are in keeping with Trakl's method, with all his obsessive autumns, black birds, neologisms—and in that same spirit—his Schwesterei, his sistering his poems, his madness, decay, and constant sense of downfall and sunset and the like. There is in Trakl a constant reworking, a constant revisit to the same forest, to see the same blue deer, and so on, to the same working poems to see them in the right light, or, more often, the right gloom."
As a reader coming to this work, I am neither inclined nor qualified to enter into a critical assessment of Sebastian Dreaming or the translation at hand. Other translations of Trakl's poetry are available and I do not believe that any one translation is superior to another, especially with poetry, although readers, with or without an ability to approach the work in the original, are bound to have preferences. The first version of a piece encountered? The one that sounds most pleasing in English? The translation that is most exacting in content and form to the German?
As noted in my earlier review of Poems, Reidel indicated in his introduction to that volume that his intention is to try to capture Trakl in a sense that would be as close as possible to the experience of the original reading, keeping in mind the time and the influences that would have shaped his work. As he explains, "I want to actually channel Trakl, his craft (with its implicit painterliness) and work ethic, to have him, so to speak, absorbed in the right dosages he – as a poet, pharmacist and addict – intended." The care and sensitivity Reidel has brought to his work comes through, touching the reader across the century that has passed since the poet's death.
Sebastian Dreaming is divided into five sections. The final part, consisting of one longer, magnificent prose poem, "Dream and Benightment" (previously translated as "Dream and Derangement") stands as my personal favourite, given my current fondness and attraction to the form. It is an intense and powerful piece:
Hate scorched his heart, lust. Then he stepped into the green of the summer garden in the guise of a silent child, in whom he recognized his benighted face shining. Woe the evening at the window, when a grey skeleton emerged from crimson flowers, death. O, you towers and bells; and the shadows of the night fell upon him as a stone.
The poems in this book are charged, if possible, with a more sombre atmosphere than his earlier collection. The sadness comes through clearly and lingers. The recurring themes are visited from varying angles and directions. One can sense the poet trying to focus his vision while over it all hangs the eerie premonition of death that will soon be freed from the pages and realized by the increasingly discouraged and depressed writer.
I will leave you with a complete taste from this collection, in the form of this striking, spare poem:
Peace and Silence
Shepherds buried the sun in the leafless forest.
A fisherman pulled
The moon from the freezing pond in a net of hair.
In the blue crystal
Lives the pale man whose cheek rests against his stars;
Or he nods his head in crimson sleep.
Yet the black flight of the birds always stirs
The beholder, the saint of blue flowers,
The stillness near recalls forgotten things, extinguished angels.
Once more the brow nights over the lunar stone;
A shining boy
The sister appears in autumn and black corruption.
Georg Trakl's Sebastian Dreaming: Book Two of Our Trakl, translated by James Reidel, is now available from Seagull Books.
Author roughghostsPosted on April 21, 2016 September 26, 2018 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags Austria, book review, books, Georg Trakl, German, James Reidel, literature, poetry, Seagull Books, Sebastian Dreaming, translation11 Comments on Peace for the soul: Sebastian Dreaming by Georg Trakl
Painting the world with words: Atlas of an Anxious Man by Christoph Ransmayr
"I saw a jet-black darkness tattooed with countless dots of light above me, an apparently boundless firmament stretching out to the deepest universe, while I lay on the bottom of a rowing boat that a Maori ferryman pushed through the night with the strokes of his oar."
Thus begins "In Space" one of the 70 episodes collected by Austrian writer Christoph Ransmayr in his unconventional and utterly captivating Atlas of an Anxious Man, newly released from Seagull Books in a translation by Simon Pare. Seemingly caught in a dreamscape somewhere between travelogue and memoir, he leads the reader on an unforgettable journey that stretches across the globe in a series of evocative vignettes. Such as the one quoted above which, we soon learn, is an account of a tour into a system of caves deep within mountains on New Zealand's South Island. The night sky Ransmayr is lying beneath is an illusion created by the luminous larvae of a gnat species clinging to the cave ceiling. Insects that mistakenly fly up toward the false heavens are soon snared in a web of sticky silken threads and become nourishment for the growing larvae. Nestled securely within the bottom of the boat, the author goes on to recount a frightening experience from earlier that same day as he made his way through a high mountain pass to reach this site:
"After snow had begun to fall in large flakes just before the top of the pass, my rental car, not equipped for wintry conditions, began to slide backwards – backwards! – with churning wheels down an already snow swept rise towards the edge of the road and a rocky slope. The slope was so steep that my car seemed destined to somersault over and over down to a mountain stream far below, running black and silent towards the valley bottom."
He is about to jump and let the car go on without him when it comes to a stop perilously close to the edge where passing trekkers find him and tow him to safety with their jeep. In four pages we are treated to both the wonders and the terrors of nature, narrated with the skill and confidence of a gifted storyteller.
Each episode begins with an observation: "I saw an open grave in the shade of a huge araucaria pine" or "I saw a fisherman cursing as he steered for Baltimore harbour in the south-west of Ireland" or "I saw a three-toed sloth on the veranda of blue wooden house on Costa Rica's Pacific coast" or "I saw a naked man through binoculars from my cover behind dusty firethorn bushes." Even a tale that seems to begin with a most ordinary descriptive passage becomes, before you know it, an engaging portrait of a place, an experience, a character. Ransmayr has an uncanny ability to focus his lens on the small details to bring a location, a time, an event to life.
The 70 entries follow neither chronological nor geographical order, and occasionally he even slips back in time to capture experiences from his own life in Austria, reaching as far as the age of three with the account of a storm that lifted the roof off his house when he was watching his mother hang wet laundry across the attic room. Whether he is observing a bird on a remote rock face, watching a man tee off at the North Pole, describing a bullfight in Spain, or trekking through the Himalayas; he is never a disinterested observer. His engagement with the people, creatures, and landscapes he encounters is always curious but respectful. In the waters of the Dominican Caribbean for example, he floats among the waves watching a humpback whale cow and her young sleeping far below. When the calf suddenly breaks free from its mother's protective shadow and heads up for the surface, Ransmayr panics as the parent rushes up towards him in pursuit. She comes close enough that he can see the iris of her eye:
"The giant looked at me. No, she brushed me with her gaze and altered her course by a hair's breadth, just enough that we didn't touch each other. Yet although she avoided me with this hint of a deviation, and therefore recognized and acknowledged my existence, I discerned a complete indifference in her look – akin to the mountain's toward someone climbing it, or the sky's toward someone flying through it – that I was overcome by a feeling that I would dissolve into nothing before these eyes, disappear before them as though I had never lived. Maybe this Atlantic giant in black had actually swept up from its realm in the deep to convey to an Atlantic swimmer how rich and varied, unchanged and natural the world was without him."
His travels typically take him to the far reaches, off the beaten track, to locations accessed on foot, or by bicycle, assorted boats, tour buses, rental vehicles and more. He explores history, lifts his telescope to the heavens, and encounters politically tense environments. No two entries are the same, few extend beyond 6 to 8 pages, some are only 2 or 3 pages long. I found it best to take my time with this book, reading a few entries a day and allowing the awe to linger. This is not an ordinary travelogue by any means<|fim_middle|> the austerity and suffering that followed, A Sorrow Beyond Dreams is a spare and elegant memoir from which the reader emerges drained and aching alongside its author.
From the outset he admits that he is seeking an element of closure in the act of putting words to paper, but he wishes to avoid an overly sentimental account, concerned that he risks turning his mother, a real person, into a "character." He intentionally adopts a more distanced perspective. He does not refer to her by name, and when he recounts the events of his early years he is "the child" or one of "the children". He employs capital letters for emphasis ("she was a woman who had been ABROAD"). But there is another motive as well. He sees in her life an illustration of the social restraints that defined and limited the lives of so many women from poor rural communities such as the small Austrian village where she began and ended her life. As such he wishes to present her life story as one that is at once personal and exemplary.
The portrait he paints of his mother is one of a spirited young woman, who was denied her pleas to be allowed to continue her studies, for an education beyond the basics was not to be squandered on girls or women. So she ran away to the city to study cooking – not exactly an academic pursuit, but again the only option open for her. She thrived in her new environment: a world of new friendships, fashions, opportunity, and the heady comraderie that accompanied the rise of National Socialism.
The outbreak of war only added to the excitement as young soldiers, away from home and lonely, flooded into the city. She met and fell in love with a married man. Before long she was pregnant, but by the time her son Peter was born she had married another man. Her first romance would remain her only true experience of romantic love; what she had with her husband was a disappointing, often hostile, and very lonely existence. After the war the young family spent a few years in Berlin, living amidst the rubble. A second child is born there. (Over the years she will have two more children and secretly abort three others with knitting needles.) In 1948 they flee Germany and return to Austria, where she finds herself back in her family home, trapped again in a restricted environment, her life once more defined by the Catholic shame and guilt of village life.
Economic conditions at this time were harsh and her husband's drinking and difficulty holding employment did not help. She responded with the only strategy available: "pure scrimping; you curtailed your needs to the point where they became vices, and then you curtailed them some more." Necessities would be wrapped up and handed out at Christmas. As Handke recalls, "I was sincerely grateful for the most indispensable school materials and spread them out beside my bed like presents." Yet she did not look to the possibility that life might hold more for her than housework and continually making the rounds required to keep her drunkard husband employed, creditors from the door and paperwork up to date just to assure access to the most basic benefits.
Finally, as modern appliances started to appear in her house, freeing up a little precious time, Handke's mother took to reading. Not just the newspapers, but books he brought home from university: Fallada, Dostoyevsky, Faulkner and more. She took everything she read very personally as if each book was a commentary on her life. But by doing so she began to find the words to express herself and put voice to her experiences. As she gradually emerged from her shell, her son finally began to learn about her. However they did not give her a vision of hope for her own future, they spoke only to a past:
"Literature didn't teach her to start thinking of herself but it showed her it was too late for that. She COULD HAVE made something of herself. Now, at the most, she gave SOME thought to herself, and now and then after shopping she would treat herself to a cup of coffee at the tavern and worry a LITTLE LESS about what people might think."
For a while she become more engaged in the community, showed more compassion to her husband, and things might have improved but the disappointments of home life still seemed to defeat her. She began to have headaches. She started to withdraw from community life. Her spirit sagged and no one could tell her what was wrong until a neurologist in the city identified her condition as a "nervous breakdown". With the comfort of having an explanation and medication to ease the pain, she eventually improved. There would be a respite. But in the end despair returned. In November of 1971, she wrote farewell letters to her each member of her family. Then one evening after dinner with her daughter and an evening watching TV with her youngest son, she took all of her sleeping pills and all of her antidepressants and laid down on her bed to welcome that final rest.
If Handke had imagined that in writing this account of his mother's life he would be able to achieve some peace himself, he discovers, in the end, that that is not the case. The story continues to preoccupy him, to haunt him. Facing memories head on is an act of confronting horror but it does not ease it. The horror arises from the persistent attempt to reflect a truth. He admits that at times he longed to be able to lose himself in a fiction, to be able to tell lies for a while, write a play instead. No longer able to stay out of the frame, he closes the book with a collection of images, remembrances, and brief personal confessions.
A Sorrow Beyond Dreams is, as its subtitle indicates, a "Life Story" told with simplicity and honesty. As Handke reflects in an extended parenthetical aside almost halfway through the book, he wanted to pare his mother's story down, to present her life with a focused clarity. He sees, in the type of project in which he is engaged, two particular challenges:
"These two dangers – the danger of merely telling what happened and the danger of a human individual becoming painlessly submerged in poetic sentences – have slowed down my writing, because in every sentence I am afraid of losing my balance. This is true of every literary effort, but especially in this case, where the facts are so overwhelming that there is hardly anything to think out."
The result he achieves is a memoir stripped to its essentials, but delivered with stark, beautiful prose. His love comes through in every phrase as he recounts his mother's story, and the emotions that arise as he sees her through the final rituals of her shortened life are real, complicated and raw.
*A Sorrow Beyond Dreams, translated by Ralph Manheim with an Introduction by Jeffrey Eugenides is published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Author roughghostsPosted on October 4, 2015 June 21, 2018 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags A Sorrow Beyond Dreams, Austria, book review, depression, Farrar Straus and Giroux, German, literature, memoir, Peter Handke, Ralph Manheim, suicide, translation11 Comments on The art of distilling a life lived: A Sorrow Beyond Dreams by Peter Handke | , but it is a shimmering example of what makes the best travel writing sparkle. The theme, if there is one, that unites and drives the narrative from beginning to end is possibly simply wonder. Not that Ransmayr is blind to the poverty, suffering and threats he encounters. His immediate reactions are sometimes frustration, even fear, but he manages, remarkably to find a glimmer, an image, a thought that affirms life, no matter how small or seemingly insignificant.
However, what really makes this book such a joy to read is the sheer beauty of the language and the author's ability to weave his experiences and observations into stories that are moving and original, time and again. I'll leave you with end one of my favourites in which he tells of emerging from mangrove swamps in Sumatra to encounter, in a clearing, a building on stilts. On the patio a man is singing with a karaoke machine, but his only audience is composed of the geckos clinging to the roof. Ransmayr takes a seat and as he listens to the singer perform the Rolling Stones' "Love in Vain" he is transported back to a snowy night in Austria, a wedding and corduroy suits. Suddenly a lightening strike from an approaching storm knocks the power out. Oddly, the singer fiddles with the controls, seemingly determined to try to turn the machine back on until a thin man in a sarong appears and calls to him:
"The singer laughed. And then the thin man was beside him, took him by the hand and led him carefully down the stage steps and between the empty chairs and tables to one of the walkways, and I realized that the singer, who was groping for obstacles with his free hand, could not have seen the lightening and could not have seen how the neon tubes and control lamps had gone out, nor how night had fallen so suddenly over the mangroves, swallowing up swarms of insects and a tin sky with hundreds of geckos stuck to it. Karaoke. A blind man had sung to me out of the mangroves of Sumatra back to the village of my birth."
Thank you to Seagull Books for kindly sending me on this journey.
Author roughghostsPosted on April 8, 2016 February 20, 2020 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags Atlas of an Anxious Man, Austria, book review, books, Christoph Ransmayr, German, literature, memoir, nonfiction, Seagull Books, Simon Pare, translation, travel7 Comments on Painting the world with words: Atlas of an Anxious Man by Christoph Ransmayr
Inside the fragmenting mind: The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick by Peter Handke
'Bloch got sleepy. He made a few tired gestures to make light of his sleepiness, but that made him even sleepier. Various things he said during the day came back to him; he tried to get rid of them by breathing out. Then he felt himself falling asleep; as before the end of a paragraph, he thought.'
One of the first things you need to know about Peter Handke's The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick, is that here are no easy answers here. If you are inclined to believe that literature should purvey rational motivation, moral certainty, and a satisfying denouement, you might want to look elsewhere. This is a novel that dismantles everything that one expects a novel to be, but, because Handke engages in this process from within the mind of man whose own processes of perception and comprehension are unraveling, one can argue that for all its inherent strangeness, The Goalie's Anxiety approaches a reality of experience that is startling.
After all, how do we measure reality? The only measures we have are our thoughts and perceptions. Narrated with an almost clinical, documentary clarity from a limited third person perspective, the reader is presented with an opportunity to exist inside the mind of a dispassionate murderer and face the uncomfortable possibility that rational explanations for behaviour may not always exist–and that someone who may not be in their right mind can be disordered not only in their thinking, but in their emotional responses.
At the outset of the novel we meet Joseph Bloch, a construction worker who had formerly been a well-known soccer goalie. He arrives at work one day and interprets small insignificant signs from his coworkers to mean that he has lost his job and, taking the hint, he leaves. He goes to the movies, takes a hotel room and otherwise occupies himself with random activities. Strange moods and thoughts pass through his mind. One night he decides to wait for the cashier at the movie theatre to get off work and follows her home.
When he wakes after spending the night with her, he discovers, lying in bed with his eyes closed, that an odd inability to visualize things has come over him. He tries naming objects, then making up sentences about things, all in an effort to bring the images to mind. He becomes aware of the pressure of things, distressing when his eyes are open, magnified when they are closed. His thoughts and experiences are starting to fall out of synch with the world around him. As he spends time with the cashier, he notices his irritation increasing and then, with little provocation or self-reflection, he strangles the young woman.
An unearthly calm envelopes the narration as Bloch's actions and thinking processes are recounted with a surreal, slow motion quality. Before long he leaves the city to head out to a small town where an ex-girlfriend runs a tavern. He shows no particular desire to hide from the authorities, but as he spends time in the town his thinking continues to fall apart. Talking and communicating begins to take on a disordered quality. Bloch starts analyzing and double checking his thoughts–the words and expressions that pass through his mind catch him up and he questions the meanings he attaches to the words of others, for example in this exchange with two cape-wearing (yes, cape wearing) bicycle policemen outside a closed pool where Bloch has found himself standing:
'The policemen, who made the usual remarks, nevertheless seemed to mean something entirely different by them; at least they purposely mispronounced phrases like "got to remember" and "take off" as "goats you remember" and "take-off" and, just as purposely, let their tongues slide over others, saying "Whitewash?" instead of "why watch?" and "closed, or" instead of "close door".'
Over time his interactions with others continue to grow increasingly surreal, at least from within Bloch's increasingly distorted perceptions of the world. We are, after all, firmly ensconced in the head of a man whose emotional and cognitive functioning is unspooling. The story may be proceeding with detached and disconnected sequences, but the tightly controlled limited third person narrative is deeply affecting for the reader. We can only see the world as Bloch experiences it, but with just enough distance to watch the internal decline. We are told what he is doing and thinking, but everyone and everything he encounters is filtered through his distorted lens–he imagines that messages are being sent to him, even if he is not certain what they are trying to indicate, objects and events hold meaning. As his paranoia grows, his sense of prescience is also heightened and he observes that his thoughts seem to proceed the words or actions of others.
At the same time Bloch exhibits an enhanced awareness of the world in small, often insignificant details that impose themselves on his consciousness to the point that he is sometimes irritated by the sensory input and his own intrusive observations. His breakdown is skillfully orchestrated. Handke captures his hyper awareness in descriptive passages that reflect the odd acuity of his attention and his internal difficulties with his own fragmenting thoughts. At one point, as Bloch tries desperately to cling to individual words, images briefly replace the terms that have abandoned him. And although, like Camus' Mersault to whom he is often compared, he never expresses any remorse for his violent act; as the police appear to be closing in on him, his thoughts betray more than he can or will admit to himself.
'He took a second look: no, the light switches stayed light switches, and the garden chairs in the landscape behind the house stayed garden chairs.
He walked on because–
Did he have to give a reason for walking, so that–?
What did he have in mind when–? Did he have to justify the "when" by–? Did this go on until–? Had he reached the point where–?'
It is sometimes said that Handke's protagonist stands as an allegory for the disintegration of modern man and society, but I could not help but recognize in Bloch a striking depiction of the internal irrational rationalizing of the psychotic mind. The supercharged sensitivity, the paranoia, and the ultimate inability to string together coherent thoughts all echo my own unfortunate experience with mania and the experiences of many of the schizophrenic clients I've worked with over the years.
As the book nears its conclusion, Bloch has a recurring memory that seems to indicate there is an incident that may have been a mitigating factor in the progress of mental decline that plays out in the novel. It is subtly drawn and reinforced with the closing scene, but even then, one would imagine there might well have been an inherent psychological weakness that was triggered by the event. The 1972 movie based on this novel which marked the first collaboration between Handke as screenwriter and director Wim Wenders is more explicit in this regard, but the film proceeds with effectively disconnected and disorienting scenes to maintain the surreal feel of the book.
The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick by Peter Handke is translated by Michael Roloff and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Author roughghostsPosted on April 1, 2016 June 19, 2018 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags Austria, book review, books, Farrar Straus and Giroux, German, literature, Michael Roloff, Peter Handke, The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick, translation7 Comments on Inside the fragmenting mind: The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick by Peter Handke
Thoughts on Among the Bieresch by Klaus Hoffer
Sometimes, when I am reading a book that I know I will want to write about, my thoughts about the work at hand take form in the process of reading in a manner that will later inform and direct my review. Other times, the route from reading to writing is more circuitous. I tend to take copious notes, underline and engage with my books, but, having said that, there is always the risk of failing to see the forest for the trees (or more explicitly, failing to appreciate the text for the words). Then, when I sit down to write, no matter how much I may love the work at hand, I look back over my notebook and face too many words to sift through.
Among the Bieresch, the long-standing German cult classic by Austrian writer Klaus Hoffer is a book that threatened to undermine me, as a reviewer, with its words – words that are supercharged with meaning and reference to a broadly expanding literary and socio-economic landscape. The beauty of this book is that it works on so many levels and now, with its recent release from Seagull Books, in an animated translation by Isabel Fargo Cole, an English language audience has the opportunity to meet and explore the singular world of the Bieresch.
My review of Among the Bieresch has been published by 3:AM Magazine. I am most grateful to Tristan Foster for his wise and patient editorial guidance as I floundered, at times, in my own words.
Author roughghostsPosted on March 9, 2016 June 8, 2016 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags 3:AM Magazine, Among the Bieresch, Austria, Austrian, book review, German, Isabel Fargo Cole, Klaus Hoffer, literature, Seagull Books, translation10 Comments on Thoughts on Among the Bieresch by Klaus Hoffer
Listen closely now – The Voice Imitator: 104 Stories by Thomas Bernhard
[one love affair]
THIRTEEN INSTANCES OF LUNACY
TWENTY SURPRISES
FOUR DISAPPEARANCES
TWENTY-SIX MURDERS
TWO INSTANCES OF LIBEL
SIX PAINFUL DEATHS
THREE CHARACTER ATTACKS
FIVE EARLY DEATHS
ONE MEMORY LAPSE
FOUR COVER-UPS
EIGHTEEN SUICIDES
With the list above, the cover of the University of Chicago publication of The Voice Imitator offers a warning to the potential reader of the themes that feature in the 104 stories that lie ahead. For seasoned readers of Thomas Bernhard none are likely a surprise, though it is quite possible to emerge at the end thinking, "were there only 26 murders and 18 suicides?" Chances are it feels like there are more. But that's okay. Would you really expect less?
If the thought of encountering a volume containing 104 stories sounds intimidating, be assured that this collection spans all of 104 pages. This is Bernhard in microcosm, all of the acerbic wit and dark charm one could want from the Austrian playwright, poet and novelist distilled into brief anecdotal tales, each recounted within the space of one page.
The longest fill the page, the shortest are no more than a few lines.
Drawing on newspaper reports, rumour, and overheard conversations, Bernhard exploits this condensed form of fiction to tackle his favourite targets, including, of course, his native country. Even in a confined space, he finds room to explore the foibles of human nature and contemplate the bitter ironies of life. There is a healthy dose of death – murder, suicide, accident – some, tragic, some absurd; and no small measure of madness. Featuring a familiar retinue of philosophers and professors, craftsmen and woodcutters, musicians and artists, freaks and loners; the stars of these anecdotes and fables are driven by conviction, thwarted ambition, disillusion, and disappointment. Just like, well, the rest of us.
The least effective pieces are the very shortest. A few more lines are often in order to set the scene, to draw the drama, to pull the the punch. But even then, the emotional impact can be striking with less than half a page:
"Sitting in the early train, we happen to look out of the window just at the moment when we are passing the ravine into which our school group, with whom we had undertaken an excursion to the waterfall, had plunged fifteen years ago, and we think about how we were saved but the others were killed forever. The teacher who had been taking our group to the waterfall hanged herself immediately after a sentence of eight year's imprisonment had been passed on her by the Salzburg Provincial Court. When the train passes the scene of the accident, we can hear our own cries intermingled with the cries of the whole group." (Early Train)
The use of the first person plural in the majority of these stories lends an intimate tone. One can almost imagine the narrator as one of those inveterate storytellers who always has an entertaining morsel at hand: a family legend, a piece of wisdom, a mini tirade to share. Bernhard's language plays on repetition, relies on qualifiers like "so-called" – one can almost see the air quotes – and, in this shortened format, he delights in throwing a punch at the end, leaving the reader with a gasp, a nod, or an ironic laugh.
Some might see this as an introduction to Bernhard for those uncomfortable diving into, say, a single-paragraph 200 page novel. But it works even better, one might argue, as a treat for those who are already acquainted with some of Bernhard's classic works. Each little anecdotal story stands like a glimpse into the windows of Bernhard's world… the themes, characters, and images that feature in his longer works shine, isolated for a moment, in the space of a single page or less. Contained in this way, his rhythm, his cynicism, and acerbic wit ring through. Bite-sized Bernhard to marvel at and enjoy.
The Voice Imitator is translated by Kenneth J. Northcott. This stands as my first contribution for the German Literature Month reading challenge.
Author roughghostsPosted on November 4, 2015 February 10, 2020 Categories Books, German, Review, TranslatedTags #germanlitmonth, Austria, book review, books, German, Kenneth J Northcott, literature, short stories, The Voice Imitator, Thomas Bernhard, translation, U of Chicago Press14 Comments on Listen closely now – The Voice Imitator: 104 Stories by Thomas Bernhard
The art of distilling a life lived: A Sorrow Beyond Dreams by Peter Handke
"My mother has been dead for almost seven weeks; I had better get to work before the need to write about her, which I felt so strongly at her funeral, dies away and I fall back into the dull speechlessness with which I reacted to the news of her suicide."
With this simply stated aspiration, Austrian writer and dramatist Peter Handke set out to capture the essence of his mother's life and chronicle the painful spiral that swept her into a darkness which would lead her to take her own life at the age of 51. Written over two winter months in 1972, the result is a slight volume, 69 pages, that can be read in afternoon. But length can be deceiving. Tracing out a life that spanned the rise of the Nazis, the Second World War, and | 3,723 |
Retreat for People Facing Serious Illness returns to diocese in September
Elizabeth A. Elliott | Catholic Herald Staff Writer
The Retreat<|fim_middle|>Serious illness can be isolating, but the retreat has a joyful aspect of people being in community. It is a sharing of God's love."
To register, email contact information to Retreat@ccda.net or call 703-841-3830.
@eelliottACH | for People Facing Serious Illness, which offers attendees an opportunity for rest and renewal, will be held at the San Damiano Spiritual Life Center in White Post Sept. 22-24. COURTESY
More than 1,000 seriously ill people have sought rest and comfort at the Retreat for People Facing Serious Illness since it began in 1978 at the Dominican Retreat house in McLean. They came in wheelchairs, with walkers, one came on a stretcher.
The retreats ended in 2015 when the retreat facility closed, but with the help of diocesan Catholic Charities, a Retreat for People Facing Serious Illness will be held at the San Damiano Spiritual Life Center in White Post Sept. 22-24.
Art Bennett, president and CEO of Catholic Charities, said when Father Robert C. Cilinski, pastor of Church of the Nativity in Burke and program director of the retreat, said they needed another organization to work with, it seemed like a natural fit for Catholic Charities, which works to help marginalized populations.
This year's theme touches on to what so many need — rest. "Come to me, all you who labor and are heavy burdened. And I will give you rest." (Mt 11:28).
The retreat team consists of priests, doctors, nurses and helpers.
Mary Flaherty, retreat coordinator, said some people worried the retreat would focus on death and dying. She said that is not the case.
"We are going to talk about the love of God and the strength the Lord gives," she said.
Retreatants come as strangers and many feel isolated in their experience. By the second day, people who can barely walk are pushing wheelchairs for others, said Esther Silva, a past retreat coordinator and member of this year's team.
"It is a beautiful thing to watch," she said. "They take care of each other."
Facing a serious illness, Silva was encouraged by fellow members of the Cursillo Movement in Arlington to attend the retreat. She was interested but wanted to be left alone at the retreat. She was told, "If you want to be alone, you can be left alone. We will let you be."
The experience was powerful enough to lead her to encourage her husband, Tom, to volunteer in some way the following year. They have been volunteering since.
The relaxed retreat schedule accommodates the needs of the retreatants who can meet priests or team members during free time, and with counselors from Catholic Charities.
Nurses will ensure they can meet the needs of the retreatants when they register.
The retreat includes talks, daily Mass, anointing of the sick, meals, sharing, Holy Hour and Benediction.
The original retreat in 1978 was the first of its kind in the United States, according to Father Cilinski. It was founded by Missionhurst Father Paul Wynants, Dorothy Garrett, Jo Magno and Steve Kulenguski and was supported by the Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine de' Ricci who ran Dominican Retreat. The Cursillo Movement continues to support the retreat through prayers, financial assistance and letters of support to the retreatants.
Everyone leaves the retreat feeling better at different levels, according to Father Cilinski. "Sometimes the healing we need is physical, but God wants to give us inner healing," he said. " | 698 |
There used to be no mammals on Socotra except for few kinds of bats and Hypsugo Ianzai is one of them. It has been discovered quite recently and is another example of endemic species living on the island.
Called "fitama" by the aborigines, Monocentropus balfouri is endemic to Socotra. It lives in holes and finds a new home every time it sheds its skin. The males can be distinguished from females by their colour. They are usually blue with a white or light blue spot on their stomach. On the other hand, females are cream brown with an orange tint. Both males and females have hairy legs with no hairs on their stomach. You can find them on the plains among the rocks, usually around bushes or trees. Their holes are from 10 to 20 centimetres deep.
Their bodies measure around 5 to 6 centimetres and their legs 12 to 15 centimetres.
So far, there has been no evidence whether the liquid their produce is poisonous.
They usually live from 90 to 900 metres above sea level.
Gecko is a lizard with specific balls of its feet which enable it to stick to the surface and move quickly on walls or tree trunks. Its eyelids are grown together and the eye is covered by a translucent material creating so-called glasses. They are mostly nocturnal animals and hunt for insects and spiders. Even though they measure only a few centimetres, they can be very loud. They are usually very energetic during the day, exploring the holes in the weathered stones.
(Mabuya socotrana) This lizard can be identified by its squat brown body and a long thin tail. The young ones have yellow and black stripes on their bodies and a blue tail but when grown, their colour enables them to blend with their surroundings.
It grows to a size between 20 and 30 centimetres.
(Hemidactylus flaviviridis) Hemidactylus flaviviridis is a particular favourite of the aborigines because it lives in their houses and hunts for insects that have settled in their homes.
(Haemodracon riebeckii) The largest gecko that can be found on the island is a nocturnal lizard and lives in the hollows of trees.
Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) is not endemic to Socotra but it is a rare animal. The front of its head is featherless and its beak is strong and hooked at its end. It preys on carcasses or on grasshoppers and small rodents. This vulture is even capable of using instruments. For example, by dropping a stone from its beak, it can crash an egg. They usually live in colonies and select a partner with which they can share the same nest for a long time.
The vulture was sacred to the old Egyptians, who regarded it as an embodiment of the goddess Nechbet, the protector of pharaohs and the sister of goddess Isis.
Scolopendra valida is a venomous centipede of red colour. It grows to a size of 40 centimetres in length. The venom is contained in the f<|fim_middle|>romedary from the scorching sun.
It is bred for its milk, carrying heavy loads and it also serves as a means of transport. | angs located on its head. Although it is not lethal, the combination of acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, a cardiotoxic protein and a protease can cause its victim a lot of pain.
This geographically widespread nocturnal civet lives predominantly on the plains and preys on rodents, arthropods and finds its food even among litter. The secretion form its sweat glands is used in perfumes. After extracting the secretion, the civet is returned to wilderness.
Dromedary, the largest herbivorous animal living on Socotra, has fully adapted to the local conditions. Its cream brown hair is coarse and longest on the crown of its head, neck and on the hump. Its eyelashes are doubled in order to protect its eyes from the sand. Its hump works as storage of fat, which then turns into energy and water. The hump also absorbs the heat and protects d | 186 |
Confidential Carbonated Soft Drink Manufacturer
Home / Projects / Confidential Carbonated Soft Drink Manufacturer
Haskell created a state-of-the-art plant that consolidated multiple beverage manufacturing facilities.
In order to keep up with rising demand in a growing region, one of the largest Carbonated Soft Drink (CSD) manufacturers in the world decided to consolidate and replace several aging facilities with one new, state-of-the-art plant. Built to bottle, store, and distribute several of the brand's popular beverage products, the new 1,000,000-square-foot facility was slated for construction on 140 acres of land in Houston, Texas. Haskell was selected as the design-builder of choice for the company, based on our extensive experience designing and constructing beverage manufacturing facilities.
Collaboration between our design-build teams allows us to overcome scheduling obstacles.
The project kicked off in the rainiest fall on record for Southeast Texas. With standing water on the jobsite for more than a month, the project quickly fell behind schedule. But while construction was stalled, design continued, and by the time the conditions were dry enough to begin site work, the crews were able to roll ahead full steam. Not only did they make up the initial time lost, but they were able to reach Joint Occupancy ahead of schedule.
In addition to navigating rainy weather conditions early on the project, we were also faced with extreme heat in the summer months. Safety is always a top priority on Haskell jobsites, but for this job, in particular, we made sure that the over 300 members of our field crew were protected from heat-related illnesses. We increased daily breaks, adjusted schedules so some crews could start in the cooler, pre-dawn hours and provided electrolytic popsicles to keep everyone hydrated. The project was successfully completed without any major safety incidents.
The result was a beverage manufacturing facility built for today and tomorrow.
Our client needed space in the new<|fim_middle|> a production facility resembles ownership of an automobile driven by a teenager. While... | facility for multiple new bottling lines, for which it elected to provide and install its own process equipment. Knowing that demand would likely drive expansion in the near future, our facility design teams worked with the client to allot additional space for future production lines and future warehouse expansion. In addition to the primary building for production, warehouse storage and distribution, we also executed six separate out buildings for the client including a fleet service center, recycle building, wastewater treatment, vehicle entry guardhouse, and a fire-pump building. Each of these buildings included self-performed, tilt-up concrete wall panels, including two custom panels made to reflect some of the client's iconic imagery.
This exemplary food and beverage plant was a successful partnership between Haskell and the client.
Every aspect of this plant, including 1.3 million square feet of concrete paving and three separate administrative areas for production, sales, and distribution, was completed with our traditional first-in-place quality standards. The new facility successfully accomplished our client's goal to streamline and upgrade its supply chain for the Southwest region.
Beverage production facility with adjoined warehouse and distribution center
Production facility includes five (5) new bottling lines and all utility support spaces – process equipment is being furnished and installed by the owner
The facility is comprised mostly of tilt-up wall construction with clean design upgrades for the process and bottling areas
The facility includes three separate administration areas for a production office, sales office and distribution office
The facility has been designed to accommodate expansion for up to five additional production lines and 340,000 SF of future warehouse space
Project includes full site development of the 140-acre property, with over 1.3MM square feet of pavement for parking and drive areas
Project includes six separate out buildings: fleet service center, recycle building, wastewater treatment, vehicle entry guardhouse, truck entry guardhouse and fire pump building
SPECIALTIES & SERVICES
Keith Perkey
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Farmer Brothers EPC Coffee Manufacturing
Northlake, Texas
HP Hood – Dairy Production Facility
Batavia, New York
Nestlé Ozarka Facility Disaster Recovery
Hawkins, Texas
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Confidential Plant-Based Protein Production Facility
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Line Equipment Manufacturers Appreciate Partnering with Haskell
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Hard Work, Diligence Propel Lauren Iglio to Senior Project Manager
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Packaging Leader's Role Grows with Haskell's Expanding Scope of Work
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Follow These 5 Fundamentals to Guarantee a Phenomenal Startup
A flat start-up curve can ruin your game. Demand goes unmet. Startup costs rise. And despite your best efforts to reach capacity,...
Meet Haskell at Pack Expo 2021 to Map Your Manufacturing Projects
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Growing Food & Beverage Leader Seeks Project Engineering Leaders
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DBIA Honors Two Haskell Projects with National Awards of Merit
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Industry-Leading Food & Beverage Division Seeks Process Engineers
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Vertical Farming Emerges as Viable Source of Locally Grown Produce
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Promoted to Intern? As a Matter of Fact, That's Luke Mason's Story
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Haskell's Highly Ranked CPG Team Offers Excellent Opportunity for Experienced Design Leaders
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A 700-Gallon Quarter-Pounder? You'd Better Believe That Water Conservation is More Important Than Ever
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Haskell's Fast-Growing Industrial Water Team Seeks Candidates for the Vital Role of Project Director
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Divine Design: The Processing, Packaging and Handling of Halal and Kosher Foods Require Special Care
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Don't Hire a System Integrator Until You Have the Right Answers to These Critical Questions
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La industria de Alimentos y Bebidas tiene un aliado confiable en Haskell.
La industria de alimentos y bebidas es un mundo demandante. Los negocios deben responder rápidamente a un mercado que est�...
Haskell Is Recruiting Key Project Executives for its Fast-Growing Consumer Packaged Goods Team
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International Growth Allows Haskell to Better Serve Its Clients
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Singleton Meets High Expectations With His Hands-On and Client-Focused Style
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Haskell Ascends to No. 1 in ENR Ranking of Food & Beverage Contractors
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Bushong's Strong Leadership Rallies Crews in Pandemic
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Food & Beverage Industry Has a Trusted Partner in Haskell
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Tuskegee Senior Williams Applies ROTC Values to Internship
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DeMauro Puts Industrial Process Expertise to Work for Haskell
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Haskell and Partners Produce Safe, Speedy Design-Build Project
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Haskell's E-Week 'Pioneer of Progress' Spotlight: Todd Miller
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Haskell's E-Week 'Pioneer of Progress' Spotlight: Tiffany Shaw
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Haskell's E-Week 'Pioneer of Progress' Spotlight: Darrell Purkey
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Haskell's E-Week 'Pioneer of Progress' Spotlight: Lon Reilly
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Haskell Wins Four Excellence in Construction Awards from Associated Builders and Contractors
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5 Overlooked Costs of Used Equipment
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Methods to Achieve Sustainable Clean-In-Place
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Air Flow Design: The Common Oversight in Food Plants
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8 Common Strategies Football Teams & Startup Teams Use to Ensure Success
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5 Strategies to Ensure Integration in Packaging Line Automation
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How to Use Simulation for System Improvement
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3 Production Analytics & Data Tools that Maximize ROI
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Addressing Frequently Asked Questions about CIP Systems
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Production Line Emulation Speeds the Path to Market
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Food Safety Begins With Facility Design
For food companies, ownership of | 3,064 |
A Veil of Ice In Saturn's Rings
Posted January 8, 2018 3:39 PM
©NASA/JPL/SSI
Saturn's Rngs
Saturn's rings, made of countless icy<|fim_middle|>
Follow @SaturnToday | particles, form a translucent veil in this view from NASA's Cassini spacecraft.
Saturn's tiny moon Pan, about 17 miles (28 kilometers) across, orbits within the Encke Gap in the A ring. Beyond, we can see the arc of Saturn itself, its cloud tops streaked with dark shadows cast by the rings.
This image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on Feb. 12, 2016, at a distance of approximately 746,000 miles (1.2 million kilometers) from Pan.
The Cassini spacecraft ended its mission on Sept. 15, 2017.
The Cassini mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA (the European Space Agency) and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
TAGS: Saturn
FILED UNDER: Saturn
Saturn's rings, made of countless icy particles, form a translucent veil in this view from NASA's Cassini spacecraft.\n | 268 |
Jul 27th, 2022 | By Kari Lydersen
Solar panels atop the Ge<|fim_middle|> Post's Midwest bureau from 1997 through 2009 and has written for Energy News Network since 2011. Her work has also appeared in the New York Times, Chicago News Cooperative, Chicago Reader and other publications. Based in Chicago, Kari covers Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana as well as environmental justice topics.
Tagged: solar energy, community changemaker, solar, renewable energy, renewables, impacts
8 Tips For Raising Eco Conscious Kids
Teaching the next generation to love and care for the earth may be a promising strategy for protecting our planet... | ason-Bauer home. Credit: Current Electric / Courtesy
This story was originally published on Energy News Network.
Most students in Advanced Placement courses spend months focused on getting ready for the AP test, which can yield college credit in high school.
A group of AP environmental science students at Oconomowoc High School in Wisconsin this year had a broader focus: the planet's future.
The high school students participated in a range of community environmental projects as part of a deep dive into the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Among other projects, they documented and helped publicize a Wisconsin couple's green home renovation, and helped Wisconsin Citizen Utility Board (CUB) connect with Spanish-speaking residents about energy conservation and clean energy.
For months the students shadowed and documented sustainability marketing consultant Lisa Geason-Bauer and her husband as they acquired solar panels, battery storage, a heat-reflecting roof, LED lighting, and other innovations for their home in Nashotah, Wisconsin. The renovation and the work the students did around it were in keeping with the UN goals of responsible consumption and production, climate action, and quality education, explained their teachers and Geason-Bauer.
The students created bilingual explanatory materials, worked on the project website, and spoke at a ribbon-cutting along with local officials on Earth Day. One student's speech "brought tears to our eyes," Geason-Bauer said.
It was all part of a years-long collaboration that previously earned Oconomowoc teachers Danielle Chaussee and Kelly Holtzman the 2020 Energy Educators of the Year award from a state program supported by utilities and based at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Working with CUB was meant to help further the UN sustainability goals of promoting affordable and clean energy.
"CUB's goal is to help you save money on your energy bills by using less energy. When we use less energy, the planet benefits!" says a colorful impact report produced by the students.
The students also mentored local elementary school students and helped them do experiments on the impact of water pollution on plants and plastic pollution on aquatic life, and they tapped Mexican cultural traditions like Día de los Muertos and folkloric art in working with students and neighbors from immigrant communities. They also raised $750 to plant 184 trees — more than enough to offset the 134 trees' worth of paper that they estimate their school uses in a year. Two of the trees were planted at Geason-Bauer's home, the headquarters of her business Evolution Marketing.
From left, Oconomowoc High School AP environmental science teacher Kelly Holtzman, student Makaila Muench, Evolution Marketing President and community partner Lisa Geason-Bauer, students Collin Carmody and Alan Ruiz, and Spanish teacher Danielle Chaussee pictured at the Evolution Marketing booth at the Wisconsin Sustainable Business Conference in Pewaukee last December. Credit: Courtesy
Learning to green
The students told the Energy News Network that drastically greening Geason-Bauer's home was more straightforward than they might have imagined, and showed common sense ways that people can help mitigate climate change.
"We as students are the future, so we will have to deal with the repercussions of climate change, so the more we can prepare and educate ourselves, the more we can try to change climate change," said Brayden Jackson, who helped research green mortgages and wants to major in finance in college.
"Solar panels and white roofs can be installed in all communities no matter the income of the area," added Collin Carmody. "The faster that more people have access to these environmentally friendly ways to live, the faster we slowly start to fix the problems that we have created on our wounded planet."
Student Makaila Muench worked with student Lexi Scaffido to research why air sealing and ventilation are crucial to energy efficiency and hence cutting carbon emissions. "Our actions — or lack thereof — are responsible for climate change," Muench said.
Geason-Bauer and her husband, Mike, bought the home in 2018 and started rehabbing it for increased efficiency, soon earning a 5 out of 10 on the U.S. Department of Energy's Home Energy scale. The couple wanted to do better, so they sought financing for more expansive renovations, ultimately refinancing the home to leverage funds through the sustainability-focused financial institution Greenpenny.
This year, the home earned a 10 out of 10 on the same scale.
Green loans, mortgages and refinances offer better rates than conventional loans, and homeowners can use the savings from energy efficiency and renewables to help pay off the loans. Geason-Bauer estimates that after spending $80,000 on the upgrades, they will save about $150 a month compared to utility bills if they otherwise would have paid. With those savings, they plan to pay off the mortgage in 18 years rather than the standard 30.
Geason-Bauer and her husband were able to access the 26% federal Investment Tax Credit for the solar and storage. Their Generac battery means they can survive without grid power if necessary for several days based on their typical use, or send energy back to the grid. They also installed an electric A/C system with a heat pump and electric hot water heater, after their archaic gas boiler died.
Geason-Bauer noted that her roof meets California's stringent green building standards, and resulted in an insurance discount. It is built to withstand 140 mph winds, which Geason-Bauer said is comforting since the area can experience extreme storms or even tornados. The roof is from Malarkey shingles made in Oregon using recycled plastic bags and tires, and it can stay 20 degrees cooler than a conventional roof would, according to Geason-Bauer's website.
"I learned how much safer this type of roof is for the environment," noted Scaffido. But she added that even with financing options like Geason-Bauer accessed, "We are aware that not everybody is capable of affording the costs of renovations" like a new roof.
"Those who belong to lower-income communities can make changes to their lives for little to no cost," she said. "An easy one is to just use less energy; turn off lights, don't run AC or heat unless necessary. There are so many ways for everyone to make little changes. But that is the problem, people think that these little changes won't have a big impact, but in reality, they do."
This piece is republished from Energy News Network under a Creative Commons license. You can read the original article in its entirety here.
Kari Lydersen is an author and journalist who worked for the Washington | 1,366 |
Cazadero Trail is currently completed in two disconnected segments that total just over 4 miles in the southeastern outskirts of Portland. In the future, the rail-trail is planned to stretch farther<|fim_middle|> nowhere all with the sound of highway traffic in the background. This could be a nice and useful trail if the gaps were eliminated and if the trail continued into Estacada.
I use this trail because it is in my neighborhood but I would not recommend it to anybody who has to travel to the trailhead.
Nice level even ground, gravel path, our two terriers enjoyed the hike. We are working our way into backpacking this trail was great for trying out our packs. Easy to find trail head and parking was easy as well.
We started in Boring and then walked for 2.5 miles and walked back. Through woods on flat crushed gravel as advertised. | southeast, running through Eagle Creek and ending at Estacada.
The first segment begins in the community of Boring, only a short distance from the Springwater Corridor, an inductee in the Rail-Trail Hall of Fame. From there, the Cazadero Trail follows the former Oregon Water Power and Railway Company corridor for 2.8 miles along the wooded North Fork Deep Creek to Barton.
About a half mile farther south, another completed portion of the trail picks up at Bakers Ferry Road in Barton and runs 1.6 miles to end near Goose Creek, paralleling highway 224.
A parking lot is available at the northern end of the trail, near the intersection of Clackamas-Boring Highway No. 174 and SE Richey Road.
This is an odd trail. It runs from Barton to the Eagle Creek trestle with large gaps (no trail) in between. Even without the gaps it essentially goes from nowhere to | 198 |
$4-a-gallon gas? Prices expected to rise sharply this spring
Dolphins partner with Uber to offer rider pick-up zone, tailgate experience
By Craig Davis
The Dolphins took another futuristic<|fim_middle|> of them. I want to make sure that we're thinking five years down the road about the future of transportation, not just where it is today." | step with their rebuilt home by announcing a partnership with Uber.
MIAMI GARDENS — The stadium experience is changing and so is the way fans get to and from the games.
In the interest of being at the forefront of what Miami Dolphins President and CEO Tom Garfinkel referred to as the future of transportation, a newly designated Uber Zone adjacent to Hard Rock Stadium will accommodate fans utilizing the ride-sharing service.
Beginning with the Dolphins' exhibition season finale Thursday, the Uber Zone will be available for all stadium events, including Miami Hurricanes games.
The pickup and drop-off area will be near the turnpike entrance opposite the southeast corner of the stadium in Lot 14. Fans requesting pickup will be given numbers corresponding with spaces to facilitate meeting their drivers.
In addition, the multiyear agreement with Uber will establish the Dolphins as the first sports team to offer the UberTailgate experience.
There will be 20 spots where fans riding with Uber can enjoy a fully outfitted tailgate party without having to drive, set it up and break it down. Upon arrival, a tent (10-by-10 feet) will be waiting along with table, grill, cooler with ice and utensils. A store will be set up to offer provisions, including food and drinks.
Cost for the tailgate experience, including the ride to and from the game, will be $250 or $350 depending on the game, Garfinkel said.
It will be available beginning with the Dolphins' regular-season home opener Sept. 25 against Cleveland.
The $250 games will be against the Browns, Titans, Bills, 49ers and Cardinals. Tailgates will be $350 for the Steelers, Jets and Patriots.
"We recognize that getting in and out of the stadium and traffic is one of the challenges we have with fans as we continue to compete with 60-inch high-definition televisions," Garfinkel said. "We are excited to partner with Uber in this innovative way and want to change our fans' experiences of getting to and from these events while reimagining the tailgate experience."
While it remains to be seen how fans will embrace the premium cost of a ready-made tailgate party, the designated area for Uber rides is likely to be an immediate hit. As the ride-sharing service has gained popularity, patrons have encountered the difficulty of finding their rides outside crowded venues.
[Most Read Dolphins Coverage] Dolphins in store for big week of interviews with coaching candidates »
Garfinkel said the partnership grew out of discussions with Uber officials about how transportation habits are changing. He took notice that many in the millennial generation are forsaking the expense of owning cars in favoring of riding with Uber.
In addition, Kasra Moshkani, general manager for Uber in South Florida, pointed out, "It's about safety as well. If fans have had too much to drink, the idea is they can open the app and get a safe ride home from the game."
With the Dolphins set to debut their rebuilt stadium following a $500 million renovation, Garfinkel said, "There's still not a better experience than being at the game. So we have to battle all these fan experience elements, traffic and transportation being one | 661 |
Two-month-old kitten rescued from storm drain
TAMPA (FOX 13) - Hillsborough County Fire Rescue Crews rescued a 2-month-old kitten from a storm drain Sunday morning.
Just before 9:00 a.m., HCFR received a call about a kitten that was stuck in an underground storm drain on Huntfield Street in Tampa. The caller said the kitten had been there for about 2 days.
The crew from Engine 39, led by Acting Captain Jayson Lynn, teamed up with the caller and animal control to come up with a plan to rescue the kitten.
First, the crew made a makeshift bridge for the kitten out of two pieces of household baseboard and a towel. They placed food at the top in hopes that the kitten would climb out.
Unfortunately - it didn't work.
Crews then took a low pressure hose and sprayed lightly in the drain to get the kitty to move<|fim_middle|> teens in north Phoenix
El Mirage man terrorized, shot at law enforcement on 5 separate occasions, officials say | towards a net - and this time, they were successful!
The rescuers used a fishing net to scoop the kitty out of the drain and turn it safely over to its owner.
3 suspects wanted for shooting 2 | 43 |
One of the most important factors that every successful business have in this modern day is online marketing strategies. It does not matter whether the business is big or small, since<|fim_middle|> to replace some of them that are no longer applicable or too low quality.
There should be a lot of royalty free images for you to use online, like Pexels.
Do not forget to make sure that every visitor on your site should have the best first impression in regards to what they watch and see, especially on your site's home page. | it is vital for them to make sure that they have the right ideas on online marketing in order for them to see the top. Online marketing usually starts with the company website, then you add content on the site and then publish your website in other platforms with your company logo and name. The best way to make sure that every online marketing strategy started should be presented in a much more professional standard. Small or temporary issues still needs to be fixed, since it can still make a serious difference which can place your online marketing on the highest peak. Thus, what you can find in this article are methods on how you can enhance your online marketing levels.
Every single businesses all over the globe should know how imperative an online video content can be for their business company.
Video content usually starts really bad and it would not always start looking perfect or professional at all and it is fine.
You need to check out this company named introbrand, they make high quality intro videos.
A very effective way to enhance your online marketing site is for you to make sure that you prioritize it fully and ensure that its fully optimized before finding other online marketing strategy to start.
Try to view each and every content that you have on your website and try | 243 |
An early morning start for one of the Everything Dinosaur team members today, with a visit to the dentist for their six monthly check up. Whilst waiting nervously for the dental assistant to call them in, they looked around for some reading material to take their mind off the coming ordeal.
We have no qualms about using various tools from dentistry in our excavation work, dental picks are particularly handy when revolving elements of the matrix from around a fossil specimen. However, when it is our own teeth and gums that are under examination, this is a very different matter.
Fortunately,<|fim_middle|> an adult and an immature Guanlong (a primitive crested Tyrannosaur) and two unknown Ceratosaurs. The animals had been trapped over time in an ash pit, perhaps formed when a huge Sauropod roamed over soft ground recently covered in ash from a volcanic eruption.
National Geographic went onto to make a feature/documentary about this particular discovery by a joint team of American and Chinese scientists led by Xu (pronounced "shoe") Xing. The documentary was called "dino death trap", reading the article helped to relieve the tension and anxiety as the patient awaited their turn. It was nice to meet up with an old friend at the dentist.
Going to a dentist can be really expensive but it's well worth your time. Life can get really difficult if you neglect the health of your teeth. I would know since my grandmother's teeth are just ruined from all the sugar she would consume. | amongst the clutter of celebrity magazines and other light reading materials, an old National Geographic magazine was discovered and it contained one of the first articles written on the amazing dinosaur finds in the Dzungaria area of northern China. The article described the amazing predator trap that contained the remains of | 55 |
School's Golden Voices Wow Judges
Published Thursday 3rd of May 2012 12:02:51 PM
Children and staff at a school in Calne are proving to be a shining example when it comes to finding their voice through song.
St Margaret's Pre<|fim_middle|> said: 'I want to offer huge congratulations to everyone involved, it is a wonderful achievement'.
St Margaret's Preparatory School, Calne | paratory School has just gained its gold award in the national 'Sing Up' initiative, which was launched five years ago with Government money to get more schools singing.
To gain the golden accolade the school had to show that every member of the community, including Headmistress Karen Cordon, was keen to lead and join in with singing activities and that singing was used as a positive experience. Sing Up judge Pamela McGahon said:
'It is wonderful to see a school take singing to the heart of everything it is doing, with singing being encouraged both within the classroom to support learning and daily routines, as well as out on the playground to support play activities'. She was particularly impressed that the school had actively involved the parents with their children's singing and that staff sing to children as they go off on their school holidays.
St Margaret's now plans to expand its singing links with other schools in Calne and offer them support so they can take singing to the heart of their school. Mrs Cordon praised the hard work of all the staff and children that had gone in to gaining the award. She | 220 |
MARY BERRY REPRESENTED CHILD BEREAVEMENT UK on September <|fim_middle|> proved to be a natural on the trading floor too! | 11th by joining personalities from the world of film, sport, TV, fashion and music to take part in an annual Charity Day held at the offices of BGC Partners (BGC) in Canary Wharf. It is the company's 13th annual BGC Charity Day which commemorates the 658 Cantor and 61 Eurobrokers employees who lost their lives in the World Trade Center attacks in 2001.
Mary Berry is a Patron of Child Bereavement UK, which will receive a share of the funds raised on the day, alongside a range of other charities. The charity supports families and educates professionals when a baby or child of any age dies or is dying, or when a child is facing bereavement.
Bereaved families supported by Child Bereavement UK were invited to join in the fun, and took part in the Paddington Bear themed activities laid on by BGC for the families helped by the various charities.
"It was wonderful to be represented by our Patron, Mary Berry, who was a great sport and | 218 |
… the simplest of ingredients makes the most delicious<|fim_middle|> more. It has so much flavor on it's own! Keep it Paleo and Vegetarian, or add some chicken and fresh parmesan cheese shavings to go all out. Once you get these basics down, you can play around and experiment to see what you come up with! Let the fun beginnnnn.
1. Grab a few handfuls of arugula and put it into a bowl.
2. Drizzle some olive oil all over the arugula. Start with a little at first, because you can always add more later!
3. Squeeze about half of a half lemon. Again, you can add more later if needed!
4. Add some salt and pepper over the top layer of arugula. Sprinkle less salt then paper.
5. Mix it all up and taste!
6. If it's too lemony, add some more olive oil.
7. If it's a little bland, add more salt and pepper!
8. Sliced almonds are a fun touch, but not necessary.
9. Top with some Grilled Chicken to make it a meal, or just have this as a side salad to another dish!
Voilààààààààà. Four ingredients and you've created a masterpiece!
Bev totally approves of this one.
Grab a few handfuls of arugula and put it into a bowl.
Drizzle some olive oil all over the arugula. Start with a little at first, because you can always add more later!
Squeeze about half of a half lemon. Again, you can add more later if needed!
Add some salt and pepper over the top layer of arugula. Sprinkle less salt then paper.
Mix it all up and taste!
If it's too lemony, add some more olive oil.
If it's a little bland, add more salt and pepper!
Sliced almonds and fresh parmesan shavings are a fun touch, but not necessary.
Top with some Grilled Chicken to make it a meal, or just have this as a side salad to another dish! | meals.
Arugula is sometimes hard to work with in salads, because it doesn't always work with your average salad dressings. So I like to keep it simple! Literally.. only 5 ingredients, and two of them are salt and pepper! When you're working with arugula, less is totally | 64 |
New Shepherd's Bush music venue to open in 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit?' building
By Samuel Draper
February 7 2020, 18.00
Exhibition, a new venue in the heart of the White City regeneration, opens tomorrow night with a Catfish & The Bottlemen charity show.
The Dimco Buildings, as they are also known, have a steep history which dates back to 1899, when it was built as a London Underground electricity generation station for the Central Line.
It is the earliest example of an electricity station built for the London Underground, and was designed by Harry Bell Measures, an architect responsible for many of the tube line's earliest stations.
The<|fim_middle|>fL and Black Cultural Archives put Black History Month on the Tube Map
New Fulham dance studio aims to make top-level facilities accessible
Petition to reopen the Night Tube hits 125,000 signatures
Dimco Power ToolHammersmith and Fulham CouncilLondon UndergroundShepherd's BushShepherds Bush EmpireThe Mummy ReturnsWhite CityWho Framed Roger Rabbit? | name of the Grade II listed building comes from when the Dimco Power Tool company used to run it, and a blue plaque was recently unveiled showcasing its history as an electricity generation station and then Dimco's home.
It also featured as a film location, as the ACME factory in 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit' and as the interior of the British Museum during 'The Mummy Returns'.
Previously a bus depot too, it is now opening as a new music venue with a 2,300 capacity run by Broadwick Live, which runs Printworks in Canada Water as well as festivals like Snowbombing and Field Day.
The repurposed new venue is part of the £8bn regeneration of White City, encompassing next door's Westfield shopping centre, and also forms part of Hammersmith & Fulham's Industrial Strategy.
Hammersmith & Fulham Council is particularly proud of its live music heritage, including Shepherds Bush Empire and the Hammersmith Apollo, which forms part of its Arts Agenda programme.
Cllr Stephen Cowan, leader of Hammersmith & Fulham Council, said: "This beautiful Victorian building has been brought up-to-date and transformed into a new 21st century entertainment hub which has few venues to rival it in London."
Annabel Clarke, chairman of The Hammersmith & Fulham Historic Buildings Group, said: "The Hammersmith & Fulham Historic Buildings Group are delighted that another listed building in the borough has been so sensitively restored and transformed into an exciting new entertainment venue."
The Exhibition name comes from the close proximity to the site of 1908's Franco British Exhibition, which was also the location of the fencing events at that summer's Olympics in London.
However, the move to a venue has not been smooth.
During the planning stages, some members of the nearby Macfarlane Road Residents Association expressed their concerns, especially related to parking and the use of the road by Uber drivers.
The venue's licensing arrangements can be changed if the launch is found to be significantly problematic for local people.
The venue's website features a duty phone line for residents to text in concerns during events.
The opening show is Catfish & The Bottlemen's performance which kickstarts a month of Brits Week with O2 shows raising money for the charity Warchild.
The indie-rock band are also playing a show at Clapham Common in May to raise funds for the breast cancer charity Walk The Walk.
Brakes put on launch of community shuttle scheme
T | 512 |
Join the 1000+ eco-warriors of Green Hope who are making a difference in Canada, USA, UAE , Oman, India, Nepal & other regions. The Future belongs to us!
Green Hope Foundation is a youth organisation working on Education for Sustainable Development, children's rights and environmental protection by empowering young people and helping to build effective partnerships with all stakeholders of civil society.
What is Green Hope Foundation?
Young people are among the largest stakeholders of civil society yet one of the least represented, and do not have a voice in determining their future. Young people have immense potential and possess the capability to bring about change.
Green Hope believes in providing a platform of engagement to young people , in particular to children , so that they are empowered in driving change in civil society. We believe, that as generations of the future , we need to play a determining role in the sustainable development dialogue. This forms the basis of all our "on the ground" campaigns . Our work is based on a bottom up approach whereby our young members work "hands on" on different campaigns thereby gaining the experience of becoming changemakers.
Children are not given a platform to share their thoughts<|fim_middle|>kashan has also conducted over 100 academies and engaged more than 5000 students from over 100 institutions.
We set up booths and stalls at various community and corporate events and engage with visitors spreading awareness on sustainability concepts.
Cleanups, habitat conservation , tree plantings, door-to-door community awareness, educational field trips.
We raise funds for natural disaster victims and community driven campaigns on cancer , diabetes , obesity to name a few. Throughout the year, our members raise funds to support workers and labourers . | and feelings. Sustainability is an area that is often given no time in the curriculum. Green Hope Foundation is a organization run by children for children. The group works towards spreading the message and teaching about living a sustainable life.
Green Hope Foundation has had a positive impact on thousands of young people globally, educating them about their rights and how to lead a sustainable lifestyle.
Green Hope Foundation has scaled to India, Nepal, UAE, Oman, Canada & USA. Green Hope Foundation is in 10 countries and has 1000 members. Keh | 110 |
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