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Thanks to the pathological manner in which nationalist nonsense has alienated and continues to alienate the peoples of Europe from each other; thanks as well to the short-sighted and swift-handed politicians who have risen to the top with the help of this nonsense, and have no idea of the extent to which the politics o... |
tumultuous art - towards what? towards a new light? a new sun? But who could really express something that all these masters of new means of language did not know how to express clearly? What is certain is that the same storm and stress tormented them, that they searched in the same way, these last great seekers! They ... |
cultivation of Wagner's type should not be underestimated (the profundity of his instincts called him to Paris at the decisive moment); nor should the extent to which his whole manner and self-apostolate required the model of the French socialists. Perhaps closer comparison will reveal, to the credit of Richard Wagner'... |
that we Germans are still closer to barbarism than the French are. The strangest thing that Richard Wagner created might even be inaccessible, incomprehensible, and inimitable to the entire, late, Latinate race, forever and not just for now: the figure of Siegfried, that very free man, who may in fact be far too free, ... |
Every enhancement so far in the type 'man' has been the work of an aristocratic society - and that is how it will be, again and again, since this sort of society believes in a long ladder of rank order and value distinctions between men, and in some sense needs slavery. Without the pathos of distance as it grows out of... |
Corruption, as an expression of the fact that anarchy threatens inside the instincts and that the foundation of the affects, which we call 'life,' has been shaken: corruption means fundamentally different things, depending on the life-form in which it manifests itself. When, for instance, an aristocracy like that in Fr... |
Mutually refraining from injury, violence, and exploitation, placing your will on par with the other's: in a certain, crude sense, these practices can become good manners between individuals when the right conditions are present (namely, that the individuals have genuinely similar quantities of force and measures of va... |
held to be the fundamental principle of society, it immediately shows itself for what it is: the will to negate life, the principle of disintegration and decay. Here we must think things through thoroughly, and ward off any sentimental weakness: life itself is essentially a process of appropriating, injuring, overpower... |
As I was wandering through the many subtle and crude moralities that havebeendominantorthatstilldominateoverthefaceoftheearth,Ifound certain traits regularly recurring together and linked to each other. In the end, two basic types became apparent to me and a fundamental distinction leapt out. There is a master morality... |
within a single soul. Moral value distinctions have arisen within either a dominating type that, with a feeling of well-being, was conscious of the difference between itself and those who were dominated - or alternatively, these distinctions arose among the dominated people themselves, the slaves and dependants of ever... |
as well as those who have power over themselves, who know how to speak and be silent, who joyfully exercise severity and harshness over themselves, and have respect for all forms of severity and harshness. 'Wotan has put a hard heart in my breast,' reads a line from an old Scandinavian saga: this rightly comes from the... |
is even proud of not being made for pity: which is why the hero of the saga adds, by way of warning, 'If your heart is not hard when you are young, it will never be hard.' The noble and brave types of people who think this way are the furthest removed from a morality that sees precisely pity, actions for others, and d'... |
they have? A pessimistic suspicion of the whole condition of humanity would probably find expression, perhaps a condemnation of humanity along with its condition. The slave's gaze resents the virtues of the powerful. It is skeptical and distrustful, it has a subtle mistrust of all the 'good' that is honored there -, it... |
Vanity is perhaps one of the most difficult things for a noble person to comprehend: he will be tempted to keep denying it when a different type of man will almost be able to feel it in his hands. He has difficulty imagining creatures who would try to inspire good opinions about themselves that they themselves do not h... |
either -, and who would then end up believing these good opinions. For one thing, this strikes the noble as being so tasteless and showing such a lack of self-respect, and, for another thing, it seems so baroque and unreasonable to him, that he would gladly see vanity as an exception and stay skeptical in most of the c... |
is opposed by an older, broader, and more thoroughly ingrained tendency, and in the phenomenon of 'vanity,' this older tendency gains mastery over the younger. The vain take pleasure in every good opinion they hear about themselves (abstracted entirely from the point of view of utility, and just as much removed from tr... |
A species originates, a type grows sturdy and strong, in the long struggle with essentially constant unfavorable conditions. Conversely, people know from the experience of breeders that species with overabundant diets and, in general, more than their share of protection and care, will immediately show a striking tenden... |
them the most subtle feeling for the charms and nuances of association) will, in this way, establish itself (as a species) over and above the change of generations. The continuous struggle with constant unfavorable conditions is, as I have said, what causes a type to become sturdy and hard. But, eventually, a fortunate... |
Danger has returned, the mother of morals, great danger, displaced onto the individual this time, onto the neighbor or friend, onto the street, onto your own child, onto your own heart, onto all of your own-most, secret-most wishes and wills: and the moral philosophers emerging at this time - what will they have to pre... |
There is an instinct for rank that, more than anything else, is itself the sign of a high rank; there is a pleasure in nuances of respect that indicates a noble origin and noble habits. The subtlety, quality, and stature of a soul is put dangerously to the test when something of the first rank passes by before the shud... |
masses (people of all kinds who lack depth or have speedy bowels) have finally had the feeling bred into them that they cannot touch everything, that there are holy experiences which require them to take off their shoes and keep their dirty hands away, - and this is pretty much as high a level of humanity as they will ... |
Whataman'sforefathers liked doing the most, and the most often, cannot be wiped from his soul: whether they were diligent savers and accessories of some writing desk or cash box, modest and middle-class in their wants and modest in their virtues as well; or whether they lived their lives giving orders from morning to n... |
At the risk of annoying innocent ears I will propose this: egoism belongs to the essence of the noble soul. I mean that firm belief that other beings will, by nature, have to be subordinate to a being 'like us' and will have to sacrifice themselves. The noble soul accepts this fact of its egoism without any question-ma... |
'One can only truly admire those who do not seek themselves.' - Goethe to Rat Schlosser. 'Try expelling nature with a pitchfork and it keeps coming back,' from Horace's Epistolae ,I, , . Between equals. What is noble? |
The Chinese have an expression that even mothers teach their children: siao-sin , 'make your heart small !' This is the true, basic tendency of late civilizations: I have no doubt that this sort of self-belittlement would be the first thing an ancient Greek would notice in us Europeans of today, and this alone would al... |
What, in the end, is base? - Words are acoustic signs for concepts; concepts, though, are more or less determinate pictorial signs for sensations that occur together and recur frequently, for groups of sensations. Using the same words is not enough to get people to understand each other: they have to use the same words... |
group of sensations in a soul will be the first to wake up, start speaking, and making demands is decisive for the whole rank order of its values, and will ultimately determine its table of goods. A person's valuations reveal something about the structure of his soul and what the soul sees as its conditions of life, it... |
The more a psychologist - a born, inevitable psychologist and unriddler of souls - turns to exceptional cases and people, the greater the danger that he will be choked with pity: he needs hardness and cheerfulness more than anyone else. The ruin, the destruction of higher people, of strangely constituted souls, is the ... |
memory. He is easily silenced by other people's judgments: he listens with an unmoved face to how they honor, admire, love, and transfigure what he has seen , - or he keeps his silence hidden by expressly agreeing with some foreground opinion. Perhaps the paradox of his condition becomes so horrible that the masses, th... |
imagine that these men will soon be subject to eruptions of boundless and most devoted pity from women in particular (who are clairvoyant in the world of suffering and whose desires to help and save far exceed their ability to actually do so). The masses, the adoring masses, above all, do not understand this pity, and ... |
The spiritual arrogance and disgust of anyone who has suffered deeply (order of rank is almost determined by just how deeply people can suffer), the trembling certainty that saturates and colors him entirely, a certainty that his sufferings have given him a greater knowledge than the cleverest and wisest can have, that... |
because it gives a cheerful appearance, and because being scientific implies that a person is superficial: - they want to encourage this false inference. Thereare free, impudent spirits who would like to hide and deny that they are shattered, proud, incurable hearts; and sometimes even stupidity is the mask for an ill-... |
The thing that separates two people the most is a difference in their sense and degree of cleanliness. All the good behavior, mutual utility, and goodwill in the world will not help: what matters, in the end, is that they 'can't stand the smell of each other!' The highest instinct of cleanliness puts someone afflicted ... |
Signs of nobility: never thinking about debasing our duties into duties for everyone, not wanting to relinquish, not wanting to share your own responsibility; considering privileges and the exercise of these privileges as a duty . Someonewhostrivesforgreatnesswillregardeveryonehecomesacrossas either a means or a delay ... |
The problem of those who wait . Strokes of luck and many unpredictable factors are needed for a higher person, who contains the dormant solution to a problem, to go into action at the right time, 'into explosion' you might say. This does not usually happen, and in every corner of the earth people sit waiting, hardly kn... |
With every type of wound and loss, the lower, cruder soul is better off than the nobler soul. The dangers for the nobler soul must be greater; the likelihood that it will get into an accident and be destroyed is truly enormous, given the diversity of its conditions of life. - When a lizard loses a finger, it grows back... |
- Bad enough! The same old story! When you have finished building your house, you suddenly notice that you have learned something in the process that you absolutely needed to know before you started building. The eternal, tiresome 'too late!' - The melancholy of everything finished ! ... - Wanderer, who are you? I watc... |
'Too bad! What? Isn't he going - backwards?' - Yes! But you understand him badly if you complain about it. He is going backwards like someone who wants to take a great leap. - - |
- 'Will anyone believe me? But I insist on being believed: I have never been good at thinking about myself, and do so only on very rare occasions, only when forced, without any desire to pursue 'the matter,' ready to |
digress away from 'me,' never with any faith in the results, all due to an unconquerable distrust in the possibility of self-knowledge that has led me to the point where I sense a contradictio in adjecto in even the concept of 'immediate knowledge' that is permitted by theoreticians. This whole state of affairs might b... |
'Butwhathappenedtoyou?'-'Idon'tknow,'hesaidhesitantly;'maybe the harpies flew over the table at me.' - Every once in a while these days, a mild, moderate, restrained person will fly into a sudden fury, smash dishes, knock over tables, scream, throw fits, insult everyone - and finally go off, ashamed, furious at himself... |
It shows both subtle and noble self-control when you reserve your praise (assuming you want to give praise at all) for things you dis agree with: otherwise you would certainly be praising yourself, which offends good taste. Of course, this type of self-control offers people a handy opportunity and excuse for constantly... |
are subtle, and for that reason still amusing - or else you will have to pay dearly for it! - 'He praises me: that's why he agrees with me' - this asinine inference ruins the better part of life for us hermits, because it brings asses into our neighborhood and friendship. |
To live with immense and proud composure; always beyond -. To freely have or not have your affects, your pros and cons, to condescend to them for a few hours; to seat yourself on them like you would on a horse or often like you would on an ass: - since you need to know how to use your stupidity as well as you know how ... |
The greatest events and thoughts - but the greatest thoughts are the greatest events - are the last to be comprehended: generations that are their contemporaries do not experience these sorts of events, - they live right past them. The same thing happens here as happens in the realm of stars. The light from the furthes... |
'Thevision is free here and the spirit elevated.' -Butthere is an inverse type of person who is also at a height and also has a free vision - but who looks down . Cf. Goethe's Faust II, line f. |
- What is noble? What does the word 'noble' still mean to us today? How do noble people reveal who they are, how can they be recognized under this heavy, overcast sky of incipient mob rule that makes everything leaden and opaque? - There are no actions that prove who they are, - actions are always ambiguous, always unf... |
There are people who cannot avoid the fact that they have spirit, however much they might turn and twist, holding up their hands to prevent their eyes from giving them away (- as if their hands did not betray them too! -): in the end, they are always shown to be hiding something, namely spirit. One of the most subtle w... |
In a hermit's writings, you can always hear something of the echo of the desert, something of the whisper and the timid sideways glance of solitude. A new and more dangerous type of silence, of concealment, rings out in his strongest words, even in his cries. Anyone who has sat alone with 'Virtue is enthusiasm' from Ga... |
his soul in intimate dispute and dialogue, year in, and year out, day and night, anyone who has become a cave bear or treasure hunter or treasure guard and dragon in his cave (which might be a labyrinth but also a gold mine): his very concepts will come to acquire their own twilight color, the smell of depth just as mu... |
Every profound thinker is more afraid of being understood than of being misunderstood. The latter might hurt his vanity; but the former hurts his heart and his sympathy which always says: 'Oh, why do you want things to be as hard for you as they are for me?' |
The human being is a diverse, hypocritical, artificial, and opaque animal, uncannytootheranimals more because of his cunning and cleverness than his strength; the human being invented good conscience so that he could enjoy his soul as something simple , for once; and the whole of morality is a brave and lengthy falsifi... |
A philosopher: this is a person who constantly experiences, sees, hears, suspects, hopes, and dreams extraordinary things; who is struck by his own thoughts as if from outside, from above and below, as if by his type of events and lightning bolts; who is perhaps a storm himself, pregnant with new lightning; a fatal per... |
A man who says: 'I like that, I'll take it for my own and protect it and defend it against everyone'; a man who can conduct business, carry out a resolution, be faithful to a thought, hold on to a woman, punish and defeat someone for being insolent; a man who has his anger and his sword, and whom the weak, the sufferin... |
The Olympian vice. - In spite of that philosopher who, being a true Englishman, tried to give laughter a bad reputation among all thoughtful Nietzsche is again playing on the similarity between Mitleiden (pity) and leiden (to suffer). In German: um es den Deutschen zu verdeutlichen (literally: to clarify it to Germans)... |
people -, 'laughter is a terrible infirmity of human nature, and one that every thinking mind will endeavor to overcome' (Hobbes) -, I would go so far as to allow myself a rank order of philosophers based on the rank of their laughter - right up to those who are capable of golden laughter. And given that even gods phil... |
The genius of the heart, as it is possessed by that great hidden one, the tempter god and born pied piper of consciences, whose voice knows how to descend into the underworld of every soul, whose every word and every glance conveys both consideration and a wrinkle of temptation, whose mastery includes an understanding ... |
Like everyone who, from childhood, has constantly been underway and abroad, I have had many strange and not unthreatening spirits run across my path, but especially the one I have just been talking about, who has crossed my path again and again - in other words, nobody less than the god Dionysus , that great ambiguity ... |
said: 'I love humans under certain circumstances' - meaning Ariadne, who was present -: 'I think humans are pleasant, brave, inventive animals that have no equal on earth, they find their way around any labyrinth. I am very fond of AreferencetoNietzsche'sfirstpublished book, DieGeburtderTrag odie ( TheBirthofTragedy )(... |
them: I think about how I can help them advance and make them stronger, more evil and more profound than they are.' - 'Stronger, more evil, and more profound?' I asked, startled. - 'Yes,' he said again, 'stronger, more evil, and more profound; and more beautiful' - and at that, the tempter godsmiledhishalcyonsmile,asif... |
Oh, what are you anyway, my written and painted thoughts! It was not long ago that you were still so colorful, young and malicious, so full of thorns and secret spices that you made me sneeze and laugh - and now? You have already lost your novelty, and I am afraid that some of you are ready to turn into truths: they al... |
Aftersong Oh noon of life! Oh summer garden site For celebrating! There's restless joy in standing watch and waiting! I wait for friends, I'm ready day and night Where are you, friends? Do come! The time is right! For you, the glacier clothes its old gray hue In rose attire, The rivers seek you, running with desire, Th... |
Hold open doors as new friends make their way past! Old friends must be left back! Old memories barred! You once were young - now, youth has been restored! We shared one hope - that was our common band, Now - who reads these signs That love had once inscribed, such faded half-lines? They look just like a parchment that... |
- B.C.) - B.C.) Greek mythological figure Athenian author of comedies Ariadne Aristophanes ( c . - B.C.) Athena Greek goddess of war and wisdom Augustinus, Aurelius ( - ) Roman philosopher Bacon, Francis, viscount of Verulam ( - ) English philosopher Balzac, Honor'ede( - ) French novelist Bayle, Pierre ( - ) French phi... |
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb ( - ) Speeches to the German Nation Flaubert, Gustave ( - ) French novelist Frederick II (the Great) ( - ) king of Prussia Frederick II of Hohenstaufen ( - ) German emperor Frederick William I ( - ) king of Prussia Italian economist, author of Lettres 'a Galiani, Ferdinando ( - ) Mme d'Epinay Go... |
Nietzsche published each of the first three parts of Thus Spoke Zarathustra (TSZ hereafter) separately between and , during one of his most productive and interesting periods, in between the appearance of The Gay Science (which he noted had itself marked a new beginning of his thought) and Beyond Good and Evil .Aswith ... |
TSZ is unlike any of Nietzsche's other works, which themselves are unlike virtually anything else in the history of philosophy. Nietzsche himself provides no preface or introduction, although the section on TSZ in his late book, Ecce Homo , and especially its last section, 'Why I am a Destiny,' are invaluable guides to... |
Estimates about when Zarathustra actually lived vary from to . Somewhere between and would appear the safest guess. Nietzsche, however, evinces virtually no interest in the historical Zarathustra or the actual religion of Zoroastrianism. EH, , p. . Ibid. ix in sweeping and collective, historical terms, as an epochal tr... |
TSZisoftenreported to be Nietzsche's most popular and most read book, but the fact that the book is so unusual and often hermetic has made for wildly different sorts of reception. Here is one that is typical of the kind of popular reputation Nietzsche has in modern culture: Together with Goethe's Faust and the New Test... |
Now it is hard to imagine a book less suitable for such a purpose than Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra . It is true that Zarathustra had famously said, 'You say it is the good cause that hallows even war? I tell you: it is the good war that hallows any cause' (p. ), but even that passage is surrounded by claims that... |
In EH, ,p. when Nietzsche says that after Zarathustra 'the concept of politics will have then merged entirely into a war of spirits' he does not pause to tell us what a war, not of bodies, but of spirits might be. And he goes on to say 'there will be wars such as the earth has never seen,' and we might note that he see... |
Are there other works that could be said to be both tragedies and parodies? Don Quixote , perhaps, a work in many other ways also quite similar to TSZ? If Nietzsche announced that his TSZ can and should be read as a parody, what exactly would that mean? I do not mean what it would mean to find parts of it funny; I mean... |
more interesting questions are rather, first, what one takes such resistance to mean, what the practical point is, we might say, of the act of so resisting, what Nietzsche is trying to do with his books, as much as what his books mean, if we are not to understand them in the traditional philosophical sense. (It would h... |
This is understandable, but such judgments may be quite premature. Throughouttheshortandextremelyvolatile reception of his work, Nietzsche may not yet have been given enough leeway with his various experiments in a new kind of philosophical writing, may have been subject much too quickly to philosophical 'translations.... |
Onthe face of it at least some answers seem accessible from the plot of the work. Zarathustra leaves his cave to revisit the human world because he wants both to prophesy and help hasten the advent of something like a new 'attempt' on the part of mankind, a post 'beyond' or 'over the human' ( Ubermensch ) aspiration. S... |
However, we encounter a very difficult issue right away when we try to take account of the fact that in all these discussions, Zarathustra's account is throughout so highly parabolic, metaphorical, and aphoristic. Rather than state various claims about virtues and the present age and religion and aspirations, Zarathust... |
Emily Dickinson, Emily Dickinson: Selected Letters, ed. T. H. Johnson (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ), p. . There is another text by a 'Nietzschean' author that might also serve as, might even have been, a commentary on this aspect of TSZ - Kafka's famous parable, 'On Parables:' xv Introduction Whatwoulditmeant... |
In more traditional philosophical terms, Nietzsche often stresses that we start going wrong when we become captured by the picture of revealing 'reality,' the 'truth,' beneath appearances, in mere opinions. This can be particularly misleading, Nietzsche often states, when we think of ourselves in post-Kantian modernity... |
I pass over here another complex dimension of Nietzsche's literary style. Zarathustra is not Nietzsche, any more than Prospero is Shakespeare, and appreciating the literary irony of the work is indispensable to a full reading. I have tried to sketch an interpretation along these lines in 'Irony and Affirmation in Nietz... |
'esteeming') has been reached ('nihilism') but this 'radical enlightenment' picture is not the right description. (See Zarathustra's attack on the 'preachers of death' and his rejection there of the melancholy that might result when 'they encounter a sick or a very old person or a corpse, and right away they say, 'life... |
has become too strong for us to be able to want happiness without knowledge or [to be able to want the happiness] of a strong, firmly rooted delusion; even to imagine such a state of things is painful to us! Restless discovering and divining has such an attraction for us, and has grown as indispensable to us as is to t... |
For example, in the Preface to Beyond Good and Evil , Nietzsche notes that our long struggle with and often opposition to and dissatisfaction with our own moral tradition, European Christianity, has created a 'magnificent tension ( Spannung ) of the spirit in Europe, the likes of which the earth has never known: with s... |
Beware! The time approaches when human beings will no longer give birth to a dancing star. Beware! The time of the most contemptible human is coming, the one who can no longer have contempt for himself. [p. ] In these terms Nietzsche is trying to create something like a living model for a new, heroic form of affirmatio... |
And this way of putting the point makes it clear that Nietzsche also imagines that the experiment in so addressing each other might easily and contingently fail and fail catastrophically; it may just be the case that a sustainable attachment to life and to each other requires the kind of more standard, prosaic 'illusio... |
The problem, then, that Zarathustra must address, the problem of 'nihilism,' is a kind of collective failure of desire, bows that have lost their tension, the absence of 'need' or of any fruitful self-contempt, the presence of wretched contentment, 'settling' for too little. And these discussions of desire and meaning ... |
However, as in many dramatic and literary presentations of philosophy (such as Platonic dialogues, Proust's novel, Beckett's plays, and so forth) there are not only things said, but things done, and said and done by characters located somewhere and at a time, usually within a narrative time that is constantly changing ... |
We also have no clear sense of what Zarathustra did all day, every day for ten years; he seemed mostly to think, contemplate, and talk to animals, especially his favorites, his snake and eagle (already an indication of a link between the low and the high in all things human). But we do know that something happened to h... |
Thesereferences to love, gift-giving, and Zarathustra's potential weariness are quite important since they amount to his further figurative answers to questions about the intended function and purpose of TSZ; it is a gift of love and meant to inspire some erotic longing as well. (This assumes that Zarathustra's fate in... |
is not uncommon in TSZ that Zarathustra later returns to some of these early images and offers an interpretation. In Part ,inthe section called 'On Old and New Tablets,' Zarathustra remarks, This is what my great love of the farthest demands: do not spare your neighbor ! Human being is something that must be overcome. ... |
The other plot events in the book also continue to suggest a great unsettledness in Zarathustra's conception and execution of his project, rather than a confident manifesto by Nietzsche through the persona of Zarathustra. He had shifted from market place preaching to conversations with disciples in Part , and at the en... |
The crucial dramatic event in Part is what occurs near the end. Until then many of Zarathustra's themes had been similar to, or extensions of, what he had already said. Again he seeks to understand the possibility of aform of self-dissatisfaction and even self-contempt that is not based on some sense of absence or inco... |
For more detail on the relation between the first two parts and the last two, see Pippin, 'Irony and Affirmation.' xxiv |
Indeed, Zarathustra is no tornado or whirlwind; and if he is a dancer, nevermore a tarantella dancer! (p. ) Even so, this dance of some escape from revenge is hardly an automatic affirmation of existence as such. Throughout Part , there are constant reminders of how hard this new sort of self-overcoming will be. The 'F... |
But he seems also to be gaining some clarity about his earlier aspirations and about the nature of the theme that plays the most important role in TSZ, 'self-overcoming.' In a passage with that name, he comments on the doctrine most associated with Nietzsche, 'the will to power.' But again everything is expressed figur... |
( ) 'The one who cannot obey himself is commanded.' (If we do not find a way of leading our life, it will be led for us one way or another.) And ( ) 'Commanding is harder than obeying.' He then adds what is in effect afourth point to these, that the attempt to exercise such command is 'an experiment and a risk'; indeed... |
realized his will to power: That I must be struggle and becoming and purpose and the contradiction of purposes - alas, whoever guesses my will guesses also on what crooked paths it must walk! Whatever I may create and however I may love it - soon I must oppose it and my love, thus my will wants it. (pp. - ) Likewise,Za... |
themselves out of themselves again and again.' That is, self-overcoming is not transcending a present state for the sake of an ideal, stable higher state (as in a naturally perfected state or any other kind of fixed telos). All aspirations to be more, better than one is, if they are possible at all in present condition... |
Two other things are quite striking about these formulations. The first, as the autobiographical inflection of such passages makes clear, is that we have to see Zarathustra as embodying this struggle, and thus must note that this possibility - the heart of everything, the possibility of selfovercoming-seemstherebyalsot... |
These are less formulations of a position than fragmentary and largely programmatic aspects of Zarathustra's self-diagnosis and the cure he at least aspires to. Many philosophical questions arise inevitably. What would be amiss, lost, wrong in a life not fully or not at all 'led' by a subject? How could this aspiration... |
as a model for reading Nietzsche, and attend to issues like voice, persona, irony, and context, we will see a Nietzsche very different from the traditional one. For more on the political issues in Nietzsche, see my 'Deceit, Desire, and Democracy: Nietzsche on Modern Eros,' International Studies in Philosophy , : (March... |
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