text stringlengths 505 4.3k |
|---|
9 2 9 – 1 9 3 0 ▁|| ▁B itter ▁S weet ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre , ▁Sh ub ert ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁|| ▁Simple ▁Simon ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 0 – 1 9 3 1 ▁|| ▁Sm iles ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Fol lies ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁|| ▁Hot - Ch a ! ▁|| ▁Z ieg feld ▁Theatre ▁| - ▁| ▁style =" text - align : right ;" | ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁|| ▁Show ▁Bo at ▁|| ▁Cas ino ▁Theatre ▁| } ▁ ▁Films ▁Z ieg feld ▁appears ▁in ▁a ▁sound ▁pro log ue ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁film , ▁Show ▁Bo at — a ▁part - t alk ie ▁based ▁on ▁Ed na ▁Fer ber ' s ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁novel , ▁not ▁the ▁popular ▁stage ▁adaptation ▁that ▁was ▁still ▁playing ▁on ▁Broadway ▁when ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁released . ▁Universal ▁Pictures ▁originally ▁made ▁Show ▁Bo at ▁as ▁a ▁silent , ▁and ▁obtained ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁the ▁popular ▁Broadway ▁score ▁after ▁the ▁film |
▁was ▁shot . ▁The ▁ 1 8 - min ute ▁pro log ue ▁is ▁introduced ▁by ▁Z ieg feld ▁and ▁producer ▁Carl ▁La em m le , ▁and ▁features ▁ex cer pts ▁from ▁the ▁stage ▁production ▁performed ▁by ▁cast ▁members ▁Jules ▁B led so e , ▁T ess ▁Gard ella , ▁Helen ▁Morgan ▁and ▁the ▁Broadway ▁ch orus . ▁Two ▁subsequent ▁adapt ations ▁of ▁Show ▁Bo at , ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁were ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁stage ▁musical . ▁ ▁Techn icol or ▁screen ▁versions ▁of ▁three ▁of ▁Z ieg feld ' s ▁stage ▁musical s ▁were ▁produced ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁sound ▁film ▁era . ▁R K O ▁Pictures ▁had ▁its ▁first ▁hit ▁with ▁its ▁lav ish ▁presentation ▁of ▁Rio ▁R ita ▁( 1 9 2 9 ), ▁st arring ▁B eb e ▁Daniel s ▁and ▁John ▁B oles . ▁ ▁Mar il yn ▁Miller ▁repr ised ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁greatest ▁stage ▁success es ▁in ▁S ally ▁( 1 9 2 9 ). ▁Edd ie ▁Cant or ▁repr ised ▁his ▁popular ▁Broadway ▁role ▁in ▁Who ope e ! ▁( 1 9 3 0 ), ▁which ▁Z ieg feld ▁himself ▁produced ▁with ▁Samuel ▁Gold w yn . ▁ ▁Cultural ▁references ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Metro - G old w yn - M ayer ▁released ▁a ▁semi - bi ographical ▁film ▁extra v ag anza , ▁The ▁Great ▁Z ieg feld , ▁st arring ▁William ▁Pow ell . ▁He ▁was ▁personally ▁chosen ▁for |
▁the ▁role ▁by ▁Bill ie ▁Bur ke , ▁who ▁felt ▁that ▁while ▁Pow ell ▁did ▁not ▁phys ically ▁res emble ▁her ▁late ▁husband , ▁he ▁possessed ▁the ▁right ▁manner . ▁" What ▁I ▁tried ▁to ▁do ▁primarily ▁was ▁to ▁get ▁across ▁the ▁essential ▁spirit ▁of ▁the ▁man ", ▁Pow ell ▁later ▁said , ▁" his ▁love ▁for ▁show ▁business , ▁his ▁ex quis ite ▁taste , ▁his ▁adm iration ▁for ▁the ▁beauty ▁of ▁women . ▁He ▁was ▁finan cially ▁imp ract ical ▁but ▁a est het ically ▁im pe cc able — a ▁genius ▁in ▁his ▁chosen ▁field ." ▁N omin ated ▁for ▁seven ▁Academy ▁Awards , ▁The ▁Great ▁Z ieg feld ▁received ▁O sc ars ▁for ▁Best ▁Picture , ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁( Lu ise ▁R ainer ▁as ▁Anna ▁H eld ), ▁and ▁Best ▁Dance ▁D irection ▁( Se ym our ▁Felix ), ▁for ▁the ▁aston ish ingly ▁op ul ent ▁production ▁number , ▁" A ▁Pre tty ▁Girl ▁Is ▁Like ▁a ▁Mel ody " — one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁famous ▁musical ▁sequences ▁ever ▁fil med . ▁It ▁was ▁M GM ' s ▁most ▁expensive ▁production ▁since ▁Ben - H ur ▁( 1 9 2 5 ), ▁and ▁it ▁made ▁back ▁twice ▁its ▁cost . ▁ ▁Re leased ▁by ▁M GM ▁ten ▁years ▁later , ▁Z ieg feld ▁Fol lies ▁( 1 9 4 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁all - star ▁rev ue ▁that ▁includes ▁Pow ell ▁in ▁a ▁came o ▁role ▁as ▁Z ieg feld . ▁A ▁ 1 9 7 |
8 ▁N BC - tele vision ▁film , ▁Z ieg feld : ▁The ▁Man ▁and ▁His ▁Women , ▁stars ▁Paul ▁Sh en ar ▁as ▁Z ieg feld . ▁Direct ed ▁by ▁B uzz ▁K ul ik , ▁the ▁three - hour ▁bi op ic Ber ard , ▁Jean ette ▁M .; ▁Cor win , ▁Norman ; ▁Eng l und , ▁K la ud ia . ▁" Spe ci als ", ▁Television ▁Series ▁and ▁Spe ci als ▁Script s , ▁Mc F ar land , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ; ▁, ▁p . ▁ 4 2 5 ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁seven ▁Em my ▁Awards ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁award ▁for ▁Out standing ▁Cin emat ography ▁( G er ald ▁Finn erman ). ▁ ▁Z ieg feld ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁films : ▁ ▁The ▁J ol son ▁Story ▁( 1 9 4 6 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Edd ie ▁K ane ▁ ▁I ' ll ▁See ▁You ▁in ▁My ▁Dream s ▁( 1 9 5 1 ), ▁played ▁by ▁William ▁For rest ▁ ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Will ▁Rog ers ▁( 1 9 5 2 ), ▁played ▁by ▁William ▁For rest ▁ ▁The ▁I ▁Don ' t ▁Care ▁Girl ▁( 1 9 5 3 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Wil ton ▁Gra ff ▁ ▁The ▁Edd ie ▁Cant or ▁Story ▁( 1 9 5 3 ), ▁played ▁by ▁William ▁For rest ▁ ▁The ▁Helen ▁Morgan ▁Story ▁( 1 9 5 7 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Walter ▁W ool f ▁King ▁ ▁Fun ny ▁Girl ▁( |
1 9 6 8 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Walter ▁P idge on ; ▁played ▁by ▁Roger ▁De K oven ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁Broadway ▁stage ▁production ▁ ▁W . ▁C . ▁Field s ▁and ▁Me ▁( 1 9 7 6 ), ▁played ▁by ▁Paul ▁Stewart ▁ ▁Archive ▁The ▁Academy ▁Film ▁Archive ▁houses ▁the ▁Flor enz ▁Z ieg feld - B ill ie ▁Bur ke ▁Collection . ▁The ▁collection ▁consists ▁primarily ▁of ▁home ▁mov ies . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Carter , ▁Rand olph , ▁Z ieg feld , ▁the ▁Time ▁of ▁His ▁Life , ▁New ▁and ▁rev . ▁ed ., ▁London , ▁Bernard ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ; ▁ ▁Red n iss , ▁La uren , ▁Century ▁Girl : ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Years ▁in ▁the ▁Life ▁of ▁Dor is ▁E aton ▁Tra vis , ▁Last ▁Living ▁Star ▁of ▁the ▁Z ieg feld ▁Fol lies ' ', ▁New ▁York , ▁Har per ▁Collins , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ; ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Z ieg feld ▁Produ ctions , ▁ 1 9 1 5 – 1 9 3 2 , ▁Joseph ▁Urban ▁Collection , ▁Columbia ▁University ▁L ibr aries ▁ ▁Joseph ▁Urban ▁Stage ▁Design ▁Mod els ▁& ▁Document s , ▁Joseph ▁Urban ▁Collection , ▁Columbia ▁University ▁L ibr aries ▁– ▁Phot ograph s ▁of ▁select ▁designs ▁for ▁Z ieg feld ▁shows ▁ ▁Flo ▁Z ieg feld - B ill ie ▁Bur ke ▁Pap ers , ▁ 1 9 0 7 – 1 9 8 4 , ▁held ▁by ▁the |
▁Billy ▁Rose ▁Theatre ▁Division , ▁New ▁York ▁Public ▁Library ▁for ▁the ▁Perform ing ▁Arts ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Chicago ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Belg ian ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁German ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁theatre ▁direct ors ▁Category : American ▁theatre ▁man agers ▁and ▁produ cers ▁Category : Im pres arios ▁Category : Z ieg feld ▁Fol lies ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁K ens ico ▁C emetery ▁Category : In fect ious ▁disease ▁death s ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁B uss es ▁Ro ar ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁D . ▁Ross ▁Led erman ▁and ▁st arring ▁Richard ▁Tra vis ▁and ▁Jul ie ▁Bishop . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁A ▁b ung ling ▁sab ote ur ▁attempts ▁to ▁place ▁a ▁bomb ▁on ▁board ▁a ▁bus ▁so ▁that ▁it ▁will ▁expl ode ▁as ▁the ▁bus ▁passes ▁by ▁some ▁oil ▁well s . ▁ ▁The ▁plot ▁is ▁fo iled , ▁but ▁not ▁by ▁the ▁authorities . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Richard ▁Tra vis ▁as ▁Serge ant ▁Ryan ▁Jul ie ▁Bishop ▁as ▁Reb a ▁Rich ards ▁Charles ▁Dra ke ▁as ▁Edd ie ▁Slo an ▁Ele an or ▁Parker ▁as ▁Norm a ▁Elisabeth ▁F ras er ▁as ▁Betty ▁Richard ▁F ras er ▁as ▁Dick ▁Rem ick ▁Peter ▁Whit ney ▁as ▁Frederick ▁Hoff ▁Frank ▁Wil co x ▁as ▁Det ect ive ▁Qu inn ▁Will ie ▁Best ▁as ▁Sun sh ine |
▁R ex ▁Williams ▁as ▁Jerry ▁Silva ▁Harry ▁Lewis ▁as ▁D anny ▁Bill ▁Kennedy ▁as ▁The ▁Mo och er ▁George ▁Me ek er ▁as ▁Nick ▁St odd ard ▁V era ▁Lewis ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Di pper ▁Harry ▁C . ▁Brad ley ▁as ▁Henry ▁Di pper ▁L ott ie ▁Williams ▁as ▁First ▁Old ▁Ma id ▁Le ah ▁B air d ▁as ▁Second ▁Old ▁Ma id ▁Ch ester ▁Gan ▁as ▁Y aman ito ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 s ▁crime ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁crime ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁D . ▁Ross ▁Led erman ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : American ▁black - and - white ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Haus stein ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁Bav aria , ▁Germany . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁Haus stein ▁(" H ouse - stone ") ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁the ▁An terior ▁Bav arian ▁Forest , ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁Lower ▁Bav arian ▁town ▁of ▁Reg en , ▁and ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁D eg g endorf , ▁and ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Sch au fl ing , ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁D eg g endorf . ▁▁ ▁On ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁mountain , ▁there ▁are ▁two ▁ski ▁lif ts ▁for ▁Al pine ▁ski ers ▁and ▁others , ▁with ▁up ▁to ▁, ▁which ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ski ▁and ▁cross - country ▁centre ▁of ▁D eg g endorf - R |
us el - H aus stein . ▁North ▁of ▁the ▁mountain ▁is ▁the ▁Rus el ; ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁pan or am ic ▁position , ▁the ▁Ask le pios ▁C lin ic ▁of ▁Sch au fl ing . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁This ▁article ▁incorpor ates ▁text ▁translated ▁from ▁the ▁corresponding ▁article ▁in ▁German ▁Wikipedia . ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Bav aria <0x0A> </s> ▁Gr öt z ingen ▁Jewish ▁C emetery ▁( ▁or ▁) ▁is ▁the ▁smallest ▁Jewish ▁bur ial ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Kar ls ru he , ▁Baden - W ür ttemberg , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁a ▁national ▁her itage ▁site . ▁ ▁History ▁Until ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁the ▁dead ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁community ▁of ▁Gr öt z ingen ▁were ▁buried ▁at ▁O berg rom bach ▁Jewish ▁C emetery ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁Kar ls ru he . ▁The ▁Jewish ▁c emetery ▁of ▁Gr öt z ingen ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 – 6 ▁on ▁Jung hä ld en ▁field ▁on ▁Wer ra br on ner ▁Straße . ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁surrounded ▁by ▁modern ▁buildings . ▁ ▁The ▁c emetery ▁st ret ches ▁on ▁a ▁ 0 . 1 8 ▁acres ▁area ▁and ▁has ▁ 1 3 ▁gra ves , ▁the ▁oldest ▁dat able ▁one ▁being ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁ground ▁of ▁the ▁c emetery ▁is ▁fully ▁covered ▁with ▁sc re ed . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁▁ ▁: ▁ ▁( |
G ed enk buch ▁der ▁Syn ag ogen ▁in ▁Deutschland , ▁vol . ▁ 4 ), ▁. ▁ ▁Category : J ew ish ▁c em eter ies ▁in ▁Baden - W ür ttemberg ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Kar ls ru he ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁Category : 1 9 0 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : Her itage ▁sites ▁in ▁Baden - W ür ttemberg <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Memory ▁C athedral : ▁A ▁Secret ▁History ▁of ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁V inci ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁historical ▁fant asy ▁fiction ▁novel ▁by ▁Jack ▁D ann . ▁It ▁follows ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁V inci ▁construct ing ▁his ▁flying ▁machine ▁and ▁then ▁trav elling ▁to ▁the ▁East . ▁ ▁Background ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁by ▁B ant am ▁Books ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁published ▁in ▁ten ▁languages ▁to ▁date . ▁It ▁won ▁the ▁Australian ▁A ure alis ▁Award ▁for ▁best ▁fant asy ▁novel ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁was ▁# 1 ▁on ▁The ▁Age ▁best s eller ▁list , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁a ▁nov ella ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁novel , ▁" Da ▁V inci ▁R ising ," ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Neb ula ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Nov ella . ▁The ▁Memory ▁C athedral ▁was ▁also ▁short list ed ▁for ▁the ▁Audio ▁Book ▁of ▁the ▁Year , ▁which ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Bra ille |
▁& ▁T alk ing ▁Book ▁Library ▁Awards ., ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁Dit mar ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Australian ▁Long ▁F iction . ▁ ▁Syn opsis ▁D ann ' s ▁major ▁historical ▁novel ▁dep ict s ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁Renaissance ▁in ▁which ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁V inci ▁actually ▁construct s ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁his ▁invent ions , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁flying ▁machine , ▁whose ▁designs ▁are ▁well - known ▁from ▁his ▁surv iving ▁sketch es . ▁He ▁later ▁emp lo ys ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁military ▁invent ions ▁during ▁a ▁battle ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁while ▁in ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁a ▁Sy rian ▁general ▁- ▁events ▁which ▁D ann ▁projects ▁into ▁a ▁year ▁of ▁da ▁V inci ' s ▁life ▁about ▁which ▁little ▁is ▁known . ▁The ▁novel ▁also ▁presents ▁a ▁detailed ▁imag ining ▁of ▁the ▁life ▁and ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁invent or ▁and ▁painter ▁during ▁this ▁period , ▁and ▁includes ▁his ▁enc oun ters ▁with ▁other ▁historical ▁characters ▁res iding ▁in ▁Florence ▁including ▁Mach ia vel li ▁and ▁B ott ic elli . ▁ ▁The ▁title ▁refers ▁to ▁an ▁ancient ▁system ▁of ▁memory ▁recall , ▁or ▁M n emon ics , ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁building , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁c athedral , ▁is ▁constructed ▁in ▁the ▁mind ▁as ▁a ▁container ▁for ▁imag ined ▁objects ▁- ▁which ▁are ▁deliber ately ▁connected ▁to ▁particular ▁mem ories . ▁The ▁building ▁can ▁later ▁be ▁ment ally ▁navig ated ▁to ▁re - enc ounter ▁those ▁objects ▁and ▁retrieve ▁the ▁mem ories ▁with ▁which ▁they |
▁are ▁associated . ▁Da ▁V inci ' s ▁memory ▁c athedral ▁functions ▁in ▁the ▁narr ative ▁as ▁a ▁device ▁through ▁which ▁he ▁reviews ▁his ▁experiences ▁as ▁death ▁approaches . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁nov els ▁Category : F ant asy ▁nov els ▁Category : H istor ical ▁nov els ▁Category : Work s ▁about ▁Leon ardo ▁da ▁V inci ▁Category : A ure alis ▁Award - win ning ▁works ▁Category : Nov els ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command ▁was ▁an ▁Italian ▁Army ▁brig ade - s ized ▁command ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁the ▁Tri este ▁and ▁task ed ▁with ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁in ▁case ▁of ▁a ▁Y ug oslav - Ital ian ▁war . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁ ▁After ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Tri este ▁and ▁the ▁surrounding ▁territory ▁became ▁the ▁Free ▁Territ ory ▁of ▁Tri este ▁under ▁direct ▁responsibility ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council . ▁The ▁territory ▁was ▁split ▁into ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ▁admin ister ed ▁Zone ▁B ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁and ▁the ▁British - American ▁admin ister ed ▁Zone ▁A ▁in ▁the ▁north , ▁which ▁included ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Tri este . ▁The ▁Al lied ▁Military ▁Government ▁admin ister ed ▁Zone ▁A , ▁which ▁was ▁divided ▁into ▁peace keep ing ▁and ▁law ▁enfor cement ▁se ctors ▁protected ▁by ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁American ▁troops ▁( Tri este ▁United ▁States ▁Tro ops |
▁- ▁TR UST ) ▁and ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁British ▁troops ▁( B rit ish ▁Element ▁Tri este ▁Force ▁- ▁B ET FOR ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁Britain ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁stated ▁their ▁intention ▁to ▁leave ▁Zone ▁A ▁and ▁hand ▁its ▁administration ▁over ▁to ▁Italy . ▁Sub sequ ent ▁negoti ations ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁London ▁Mem or and um ▁on ▁ 5 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁by ▁the ▁foreign ▁minister s ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁Italy ▁and ▁Y ug oslav ia . ▁The ▁Mem or and um ▁gave ▁Zone ▁A ▁with ▁Tri este ▁to ▁Italy ▁for ▁an ▁ordinary ▁civil ▁administration , ▁and ▁Zone ▁B , ▁which ▁had ▁already ▁had ▁a ▁commun ist ▁government ▁since ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁to ▁Y ug oslav ia . ▁ ▁American ▁and ▁British ▁forces ▁immediately ▁began ▁to ▁withdraw ▁from ▁Zone ▁A ▁and ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁the ▁last ▁TR UST ▁commander , ▁Major ▁General ▁John ▁A . ▁D ab ney ▁handed ▁over ▁control ▁of ▁Zone ▁A ▁to ▁the ▁Italian ▁ 8 2 nd ▁Infantry ▁Regiment ▁" T or ino " ▁which ▁was ▁transferred ▁from ▁its ▁base ▁in ▁For l ì ▁to ▁Tri este ▁and ▁formed ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁prov is ional ▁Group ing ▁" T ". ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁the ▁Group ing ▁" T " ▁was ▁reduced ▁to ▁ 2 2 nd ▁Z onal ▁Military |
▁Command ▁and ▁the ▁ 8 2 nd ▁Infantry ▁Regiment ▁" T or ino " ▁entered ▁the ▁Infantry ▁Division ▁" F olg ore ", ▁which ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁task ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁Y ug oslav - Ital ian ▁border ▁between ▁Gor izia ▁and ▁Tri este . ▁On ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁the ▁ 8 2 nd ▁Infantry ▁Regiment ▁" T or ino " ▁moved ▁to ▁Gor izia ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁in ▁Tri este ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infantry ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari ". ▁ ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command ▁▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infantry ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari " ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁entered ▁the ▁newly ▁raised ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command , ▁which ▁was ▁task ed ▁with ▁the ▁defence ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁The ▁area ▁between ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁the ▁Tim avo ▁river ▁to ▁its ▁North ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁def ended ▁by ▁the ▁Caval ry ▁Brigade ▁" P oz zu olo ▁del ▁Fri uli " ' s ▁Regiment ▁" P iem onte ▁Cav all eria " ▁( 2 nd ), ▁which ▁field ed ▁two ▁arm ored ▁squad rons ▁groups ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁a ▁mix ▁of ▁t anks ▁and ▁arm ored ▁personnel ▁carri ers ▁in ▁Villa ▁Op icina ▁and ▁S gon ico . ▁The ▁P iem onte ▁Cav all eria ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁II ▁Self - prop elled ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁in ▁Ban ne , ▁which ▁was ▁part |
▁of ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁Self - prop elled ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁of ▁the ▁" P oz zu olo ▁del ▁Fri uli " ▁brig ade . ▁After ▁its ▁activation ▁the ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command ▁came ▁under ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Army ▁Corps ▁and ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁units : ▁▁▁ ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infantry ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari ", ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Command ▁Company , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁I ▁Battalion , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁II ▁Battalion , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁III ▁Battalion , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Anti - t ank ▁Company , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁( D uca ▁delle ▁P ug lie ▁bar ra cks ) ▁ ▁Command ▁B atter y , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁I ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group , ▁in ▁Tri este , ▁with ▁ 1 0 5 / 2 2 ▁mod . ▁ 1 4 / 6 1 ▁ 1 0 5 mm ▁to wed ▁how itz ers ▁ ▁II ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group , ▁in ▁M ugg ia , ▁with ▁ 1 0 5 / 2 2 ▁mod . ▁ 1 4 / 6 1 ▁ 1 0 5 mm ▁to wed ▁how itz ers ▁ ▁Rec ruits ▁Training ▁Company , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Sign al ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Engine er ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Light ▁A viation ▁Section |
, ▁in ▁Pro se cco ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁the ▁command ▁was ▁renamed ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command . ▁▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁reform ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁the ▁Italian ▁army ▁under to ok ▁a ▁major ▁reform ▁of ▁its ▁forces ▁and ▁structure : ▁the ▁regiment al ▁level ▁was ▁abol ished ▁and ▁batt al ions ▁came ▁under ▁direct ▁command ▁of ▁newly ▁created ▁multi - ar ms ▁brig ades . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁divisions ▁were ▁re organ ized ▁and ▁their ▁areas ▁of ▁responsibility ▁were ▁re defined . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁the ▁ 1 5 1 st ▁Infantry ▁Regiment ▁" S ass ari " ▁was ▁dis band ed ▁and ▁its ▁II ▁and ▁III ▁batt alion ▁put ▁into ▁reserve ▁status , ▁while ▁the ▁I ▁Battalion ▁was ▁renamed ▁as ▁ 1 st ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Battalion ▁" San ▁Gi usto ". ▁Like wise , ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁and ▁the ▁II ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁were ▁dis band ed ▁and ▁the ▁I ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁renamed ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁" M ur ge ". ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁art illery ▁group ▁was ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁the ▁more ▁powerful ▁and ▁more ▁modern ▁M 1 1 4 ▁to wed ▁how itz ers . ▁After ▁the ▁reform ▁the ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁units : ▁▁▁ ▁Tri este ▁Military ▁Command , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Command |
▁and ▁Services ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 st ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Battalion ▁" San ▁Gi usto ", ▁in ▁Tri este ▁( includes ▁one ▁mechan ized ▁company ▁with ▁M 1 1 3 ▁A PC s ) ▁▁ 4 3 rd ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Battalion ▁" For l ì " ▁( Res erve ), ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁ 2 5 5 th ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Battalion ▁" V en eto " ▁( Res erve ), ▁in ▁Tri este ▁▁▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁" M ur ge ", ▁in ▁Tri este ▁( M 1 1 4 ▁ 1 5 5 mm ▁to wed ▁how itz ers ) ▁ ▁Engine er ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Sign al ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Pro vis ions ▁Supp ly ▁Pl ato on , ▁in ▁Tri este ▁ ▁Log istics ▁Base , ▁in ▁M ugg ia ▁ ▁The ▁command ▁stored ▁and ▁maintained ▁the ▁mater iel ▁for ▁the ▁ 4 3 rd ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Battalion ▁" For l ì " ▁and ▁ 2 5 5 th ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Battalion ▁" V en eto ", ▁which ▁in ▁case ▁of ▁war ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁activ ated ▁and ▁filled ▁with ▁res erv ists ▁from ▁Tri este ▁and ▁the ▁surrounding ▁area . ▁During ▁the ▁same ▁reform ▁the ▁Caval ry ▁Brigade ▁" P oz zu olo ▁del ▁Fri uli " ▁was ▁split ▁and ▁the ▁Regiment ▁" P iem onte ▁Cav all eria " ▁( 2 nd ) ▁was ▁used |
▁to ▁form ▁the ▁new ▁Arm ored ▁Brigade ▁" V itt orio ▁Ven eto ", ▁which ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁between ▁Tri este ▁and ▁the ▁Tim avo ▁river . ▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁reform ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁the ▁Italian ▁Army ▁abol ished ▁the ▁divis ional ▁level ▁and ▁the ▁Tri este ▁Tro ops ▁Command , ▁head ed ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁by ▁a ▁Division ▁General ▁was ▁dis band ed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁The ▁ 1 st ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Battalion ▁" San ▁Gi usto " ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁Mechan ized ▁Brigade ▁" V itt orio ▁Ven eto ", ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Field ▁Art illery ▁Group ▁" M ur ge " ▁to ▁the ▁Art illery ▁Command ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Army ▁Corps . ▁The ▁remaining ▁units , ▁including ▁the ▁two ▁reserve ▁batt al ions , ▁were ▁dis band ed . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Ital ian ▁Army ▁( post - 1 9 4 6 ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Un at ara ▁at ing a ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁be et le ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cer amb yc idae , ▁the ▁only ▁species ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Un at ara . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : H eter ops ini <0x0A> </s> ▁Diam ond ▁was ▁a ▁ 4 0 - gun ▁fourth - rate ▁fr ig ate ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁Royal ▁Navy , ▁originally ▁built ▁for ▁the ▁n avy ▁of ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁of ▁England ▁by ▁Peter ▁P ett ▁at |
▁De pt ford ▁D ock yard , ▁and ▁launched ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 6 5 2 . ▁By ▁ 1 6 7 7 ▁her ▁arm ament ▁had ▁been ▁increased ▁to ▁ 4 8 ▁guns . ▁ ▁Diam ond ▁was ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 3 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁La very , ▁Brian ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁The ▁Sh ip ▁of ▁the ▁Line ▁- ▁Volume ▁ 1 : ▁The ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁battle f le et ▁ 1 6 5 0 - 1 8 5 0 . ▁Con way ▁Mar itime ▁Press . ▁. ▁Win field , ▁R if ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁British ▁War ships ▁in ▁the ▁Age ▁of ▁S ail ▁ 1 6 0 3 - 1 7 1 4 : ▁Design , ▁Const ruction , ▁Care ers ▁and ▁F ates . ▁Sea for th ▁Publishing . ▁. ▁ ▁Category : Sh ips ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁in ▁De pt ford ▁Category : 1 6 5 0 s ▁ships ▁Category : Capt ured ▁ships <0x0A> </s> ▁D ę b owie c ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Jas ło ▁County , ▁Sub car path ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁south - e astern ▁Poland . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁gmina ▁( admin istr ative ▁district ) ▁called ▁G mina ▁D ę b owie c . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁Jas ło ▁and ▁ ▁south - |
west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁R zes z ów . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁an ▁approximate ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Deb owie c ▁has ▁a ▁long ▁and ▁rich ▁history . ▁For ▁centuries ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁town , ▁located ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁historic ▁province ▁of ▁L esser ▁Poland . ▁Until ▁the ▁Part itions ▁of ▁Poland , ▁Deb owie c ▁belonged ▁to ▁B ie cz ▁County ▁of ▁Krak ow ▁Vo iv odes hip . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁Middle ▁A ges , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁a ▁g ord , ▁located ▁in ▁sp ars ely ▁inhab ited ▁areas ▁of ▁Car path ian ▁fo oth ills . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁century , ▁Bened ict ine ▁mon ks ▁from ▁T yn iec ▁encourag ed ▁sett lers ▁to ▁come ▁to ▁this ▁corner ▁of ▁L esser ▁Poland . ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁a ▁village , ▁destroyed ▁in ▁ 1 2 4 1 , ▁during ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁invasion ▁of ▁Poland . ▁A si atic ▁h ord es ▁returned ▁in ▁ 1 2 5 9 – 1 2 6 0 ▁and ▁ 1 2 8 7 – 1 2 8 8 , ▁bringing ▁further ▁destruction . ▁▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 3 4 9 , ▁King ▁Kaz im ierz ▁Wiel ki ▁granted ▁Mag de burg ▁rights ▁to ▁Deb owie c . ▁By ▁that ▁time , ▁Deb owie c ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁a ▁local ▁center ▁of ▁administration , ▁as ▁first ▁mention ▁of ▁a ▁Roman |
▁Catholic ▁parish ▁of ▁St . ▁Bar th ol ome w ▁existing ▁here ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 3 2 8 . ▁According ▁to ▁some ▁sources , ▁Deb owie c ▁had ▁been ▁granted ▁town ▁char ter ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 3 th ▁century , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 3 4 9 , ▁Kaz im ierz ▁Wiel ki ▁changed ▁the ▁char ter ▁from ▁Polish ▁to ▁German ▁( Mag de burg ▁rights ). ▁First ▁known ▁v og t ▁of ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁Mik ol aj ▁of ▁Bak ow . ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 3 6 5 , ▁Kaz im ierz ▁Wiel ki ▁visited ▁Deb owie c . ▁▁ ▁By ▁early ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁Deb owie c ▁had ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁art is ans , ▁and ▁among ▁its ▁most ▁famous ▁own ers ▁was ▁kn ight ▁Marc in ▁of ▁W roc im ow ice , ▁who ▁res ided ▁here ▁in ▁ 1 4 3 3 – 1 4 4 2 . ▁His ▁son , ▁Marc in ▁of ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁captured ▁by ▁Tur ks ▁during ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁V arna , ▁and ▁spent ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁in ▁Turkish ▁capt ivity . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 4 7 1 , ▁Deb owie c ▁burn ed ▁in ▁a ▁great ▁fire , ▁and ▁three ▁years ▁later ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁ra ided ▁by ▁Hung arian ▁troops ▁under ▁Thomas ▁Tar cz ay , ▁which ▁burn ed ▁all ▁local ▁villages , ▁together ▁with ▁Deb owie c ▁and ▁its ▁church ▁( J anu ary |
▁ 1 4 7 4 ). ▁In ▁ 1 4 9 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁flo oded , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 4 9 6 – 1 4 9 7 , ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁affected ▁by ▁a ▁pl ague . ▁Furthermore , ▁in ▁ 1 4 9 8 ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁ra ided ▁by ▁Crime an ▁Tat ars ▁and ▁Wal la chi ans , ▁who ▁burn ed ▁all ▁towns ▁and ▁villages ▁of ▁Car path ian ▁fo oth ills . ▁▁ ▁Deb owie c ▁prosper ed ▁in ▁the ▁period ▁known ▁as ▁Polish ▁Golden ▁Age . ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁town ▁and ▁its ▁castle ▁burn ed ▁in ▁ 1 5 1 2 , ▁it ▁was ▁quickly ▁re built , ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁local ▁trade ▁center , ▁with ▁a ▁bre wer y , ▁wine ▁cell ars , ▁tax ▁office , ▁wat erm ill ▁and ▁other ▁business es . ▁In ▁ 1 5 2 8 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁named ▁seat ▁of ▁a ▁star osta , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 5 , ▁royal ▁privile ge ▁was ▁issued , ▁grant ing ▁the ▁right ▁for ▁Monday ▁fair s . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 7 1 ▁J ad w iga ▁Tar lo , ▁future ▁wife ▁of ▁Jer zy ▁M nis zech , ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁star osta ▁of ▁Deb owie c . ▁She ▁married ▁M nis zech ▁in ▁ 1 5 8 6 , ▁and ▁the ▁couple ▁settled ▁at ▁the ▁Deb owie c ▁Castle . ▁In ▁ 1 6 0 5 , ▁the ▁M |
nis ze chs ▁hosted ▁en vo ys ▁of ▁False ▁D mit ri y ▁I , ▁who ▁asked ▁for ▁the ▁hand ▁of ▁their ▁daughter ▁Marina . ▁On ▁May ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 6 0 6 , ▁Marina ▁M nis zech ▁married ▁D mit ri y ▁in ▁Moscow . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 2 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁ra ided ▁by ▁Crime an ▁Tat ars , ▁and ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 6 2 6 , ▁almost ▁whole ▁town ▁burn ed ▁in ▁a ▁great ▁fire , ▁after ▁which ▁only ▁parish ▁church ▁and ▁seven ▁houses ▁stood . ▁The ▁Tat ars ▁returned ▁in ▁ 1 6 2 9 ▁and ▁ 1 6 5 4 , ▁while ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 5 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁lo oted ▁by ▁Sw edes , ▁during ▁the ▁Del uge ▁( history ). ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 6 5 7 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁burn ed ▁and ▁its ▁residents ▁murder ed ▁by ▁Trans il v ani ans ▁of ▁George ▁II ▁Rak oc zi . ▁After ▁the ▁wars ▁of ▁the ▁mid - 1 7 th ▁century , ▁Deb owie c ▁never ▁recover red ▁and ▁decl ined ▁in ▁importance . ▁In ▁ 1 7 6 9 , ▁a ▁battle ▁of ▁the ▁Bar ▁Confeder ation ▁took ▁place ▁here , ▁and ▁three ▁years ▁later , ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁an nex ed ▁by ▁the ▁H abs burg ▁Empire . ▁▁ ▁Deb owie c ▁remained ▁in ▁Aust rian ▁Gal icia ▁until ▁ 1 |
9 1 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 6 , ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁Mik h ail ▁K ut uz ov ▁march ed ▁through ▁the ▁town ▁after ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Aust er l itz . ▁Local ▁pe as ants ▁act ively ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁so - called ▁Gal ician ▁sla ugh ter ▁( 1 8 4 6 ), ▁while ▁ 2 6 ▁patri ots ▁from ▁Deb owie c ▁fought ▁in ▁the ▁January ▁U pr ising . ▁Due ▁to ▁w ides p read ▁pover ty , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁local ▁residents ▁left ▁Deb owie c ▁and ▁adjacent ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁and ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁em igr ating ▁either ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁or ▁Brazil . ▁▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁seized ▁by ▁Russian ▁army , ▁which ▁retre ated ▁after ▁two ▁days . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁Deb owie c ▁was ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁flo od ▁in ▁Poland , ▁and ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 6 ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁it ▁lost ▁its ▁town ▁char ter . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁local ▁pe as ants ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁pe asant ▁strike ▁in ▁Poland . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Jas ło ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Luis ▁Ces ar ▁Fra iz ▁Sant amar ía ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Pan |
aman ian ▁football ▁def ender ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁Pla za ▁Am ador . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Fra iz ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁F ros in one ▁squad ▁that ▁won ▁the ▁club ▁a ▁first ▁promotion ▁to ▁Serie ▁A ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁but ▁played ▁only ▁a ▁league ▁game ▁himself . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Player ▁profile ▁- ▁F ros in one ▁Cal cio ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : Pan aman ian ▁football ers ▁Category : C . D . ▁Á ra be ▁Un ido ▁players ▁Category : F ros in one ▁Cal cio ▁players ▁Category : Pan aman ian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Italy ▁Category : Ser ie ▁B ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Ext r ater rit orial ▁juris diction ▁( ET J ) ▁is ▁the ▁legal ▁ability ▁of ▁a ▁government ▁to ▁exercise ▁authority ▁beyond ▁its ▁normal ▁boundaries . ▁ ▁Any ▁authority ▁can ▁claim ▁E T J ▁over ▁any ▁external ▁territory ▁they ▁wish . ▁However , ▁for ▁the ▁claim ▁to ▁be ▁effective ▁in ▁the ▁external ▁territory ▁( except ▁by ▁the ▁exercise ▁of ▁force ), ▁it ▁must ▁be ▁agreed ▁either ▁with ▁the ▁legal ▁authority ▁in ▁the ▁external ▁territory , ▁or ▁with ▁a ▁legal ▁authority ▁that ▁covers ▁both ▁territ ories . ▁When ▁un qual ified , ▁E T J ▁usually ▁refers ▁to ▁such ▁an ▁agreed ▁juris diction , ▁or ▁it ▁will ▁be ▁called ▁something |
▁like ▁" c laimed ▁E T J ". ▁ ▁The ▁phrase ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to ▁a ▁country ' s ▁laws ▁extending ▁beyond ▁its ▁boundaries ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁that ▁they ▁may ▁author ise ▁the ▁courts ▁of ▁that ▁country ▁to ▁en force ▁their ▁juris diction ▁against ▁parties ▁appearing ▁before ▁them ▁in ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁acts ▁they ▁alleg edly ▁engaged ▁in ▁outside ▁that ▁country . ▁This ▁does ▁not ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁co - operation ▁of ▁other ▁countries , ▁since ▁the ▁affected ▁people ▁are ▁within ▁the ▁relevant ▁country ▁( or ▁at ▁least , ▁in ▁a ▁case ▁involving ▁a ▁person ▁being ▁tried ▁in ▁absent ia , ▁ ▁the ▁case ▁is ▁being ▁heard ▁by ▁a ▁court ▁of ▁that ▁country ). ▁For ▁example , ▁many ▁countries ▁have ▁laws ▁which ▁give ▁their ▁criminal ▁courts ▁juris diction ▁to ▁try ▁pro sec utions ▁for ▁pi racy , ▁sexual ▁off ences ▁against ▁children , ▁computer ▁cr imes ▁and / or ▁terror ism ▁committed ▁outside ▁their ▁national ▁boundaries . ▁Sometimes ▁such ▁laws ▁only ▁apply ▁to ▁national s ▁of ▁that ▁country , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁they ▁may ▁apply ▁to ▁anyone . ▁ ▁C ases ▁of ▁exerc ised ▁juris diction ▁ ▁Diplom atic ▁miss ions ▁Diplom atic ▁imm unity ▁of ▁foreign ▁emb ass ies ▁and ▁cons ul ates ▁in ▁host ▁countries ▁is ▁govern ed ▁by ▁the ▁Vienna ▁Convention ▁on ▁Diplom atic ▁Rel ations ▁and ▁the ▁Vienna ▁Convention ▁on ▁Cons ular ▁Rel ations . ▁ ▁Military ▁forces ▁Status ▁of ▁forces ▁agre ements ▁and ▁visit ing ▁forces ▁agre ements ▁are ▁in ▁effect ▁in ▁many ▁countries ▁that ▁allow ▁visit ing ▁forces |
▁to ▁exercise ▁juris diction ▁over ▁members ▁of ▁their ▁forces ▁that ▁are ▁station ed ▁in ▁the ▁host ▁country . ▁ ▁C riminal ▁law ▁ ▁C riminal ▁juris diction ▁can ▁be ▁of ▁an ▁extr ater rit orial ▁nature ▁where : ▁▁ ▁a ▁nation ▁as ser ts ▁it ▁either ▁generally ▁or ▁in ▁specific ▁cases ▁under ▁its ▁domestic ▁law , ▁ ▁a ▁su pr an ational ▁authority ▁( such ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council ) ▁has ▁created ▁an ▁international ▁court ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁a ▁specific ▁case ▁( e . g . ▁war ▁cr imes ▁in ▁a ▁certain ▁country ), ▁or ▁ ▁an ▁international ▁court ▁has ▁been ▁created ▁under ▁a ▁treat y ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁a ▁stated ▁area ▁of ▁juris diction . ▁ ▁C riminal ▁codes ▁in ▁certain ▁countries ▁assert ▁juris diction ▁over ▁cr imes ▁committed ▁outside ▁the ▁country : ▁▁ ▁in ▁France , ▁the ▁Code ▁pén al ▁as ser ts ▁general ▁juris diction ▁over ▁cr imes ▁by , ▁or ▁against , ▁the ▁country ' s ▁citizens , ▁no ▁matter ▁where ▁they ▁may ▁have ▁occurred ; ▁this ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁case ▁with ▁regard ▁to ▁those ▁who ▁became ▁French ▁citizens ▁after ▁the ▁act . ▁Double ▁criminal ity ▁is ▁required ▁except ▁in ▁the ▁cases ▁of ▁fel on ies ▁( cr imes ) ▁which ▁carry ▁cust od ial ▁sentences ▁of ▁ten ▁years ▁or ▁more . ▁ ▁in ▁Japan , ▁the ▁Pen al ▁Code ▁spec ifies ▁certain ▁cases ▁and ▁applicable ▁lists ▁of ▁cr imes ▁over ▁which ▁juris diction ▁will ▁be ▁assert ed . ▁ ▁Many ▁countries ▁have ▁implemented ▁laws ▁which ▁allow |
▁their ▁national s ▁to ▁be ▁pro sec uted ▁by ▁their ▁courts ▁for ▁cr imes ▁such ▁as ▁war ▁cr imes ▁and ▁gen o cide ▁even ▁when ▁the ▁crime ▁is ▁committed ▁extr ater rit orial ly . ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁ ▁Rome ▁Stat ute ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁C riminal ▁Court ▁has ▁been ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁domestic ▁law ▁in ▁many ▁countries ▁to ▁provide ▁for ▁the ▁International ▁C riminal ▁Court ▁to ▁exercise ▁juris diction ▁within ▁their ▁borders . ▁ ▁San ctions ▁against ▁foreign ▁countries ▁Econom ic ▁san ctions ▁against ▁other ▁countries ▁may ▁be ▁instit uted ▁under ▁either ▁domestic ▁law ▁or ▁under ▁the ▁authority ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council , ▁and ▁their ▁sever ity ▁can ▁include ▁measures ▁against ▁foreign ▁persons ▁operating ▁outside ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁question . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁German ▁Chan cell or ▁Ang ela ▁Mer kel ▁and ▁ ▁European ▁Union ▁President ▁Jean - Cla ude ▁Jun cker ▁critic ized ▁the ▁draft ▁of ▁new ▁U . S . ▁san ctions ▁against ▁Russia ▁target ing ▁the ▁EU – Russ ia ▁energy ▁projects . ▁France ’ s ▁foreign ▁min istry ▁described ▁the ▁new ▁U . S . ▁san ctions ▁as ▁illegal ▁under ▁international ▁law ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁extra - ter rit orial ▁reach . ▁ ▁Compet ition ▁law ▁ ▁Ext r ater rit orial ▁juris diction ▁plays ▁a ▁significant ▁role ▁in ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁trans n ational ▁anti - comp et itive ▁practices . ▁In ▁the ▁US , ▁extr ater rit orial ▁impact s ▁in ▁this ▁field ▁first ▁arose ▁from ▁Standard ▁O |
il ▁Co . ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey ▁v . ▁United ▁States , ▁where ▁Imperial ▁O il ▁in ▁Canada ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁be ▁div ested ▁from ▁Standard ▁O il . ▁Current ▁practice ▁dates ▁from ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Al co a , ▁where ▁the ▁effects ▁doctrine ▁was ▁introduced , ▁allowing ▁for ▁juris diction ▁over ▁foreign ▁off enders ▁and ▁foreign ▁conduct , ▁so ▁long ▁as ▁the ▁economic ▁effects ▁of ▁the ▁ant ic om pet itive ▁conduct ▁are ▁experienced ▁on ▁the ▁domestic ▁market . ▁The ▁effects ▁doctrine ▁has ▁been ▁gradually ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁various ▁forms ▁accepted ▁in ▁other ▁juris dict ions . ▁In ▁the ▁EU ▁it ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁implementation ▁test . ▁ ▁Ext r ater rit orial ▁juris diction ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁ant it rust ▁faces ▁various ▁limitations , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁accessing ▁foreign - based ▁evidence , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁difficulties ▁of ▁challeng ed ▁ant ic om pet itive ▁conduct ▁ar ising ▁from ▁foreign ▁state ▁invol vement . ▁ ▁Application ▁in ▁specific ▁countries ▁ ▁Commonwealth ▁of ▁Nations ▁The ▁ability ▁of ▁parliament s ▁of ▁Commonwealth ▁countries ▁to ▁legisl ate ▁extr ater rit orial ly ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁s . ▁ 3 ▁of ▁the ▁Stat ute ▁of ▁West min ster ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁Australia , ▁extr ater rit orial ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁parliament s ▁was ▁author ized ▁by ▁s . 2 ▁of ▁the ▁Australia ▁Act ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Canada ▁The ▁C riminal ▁Code ▁as |
ser ts ▁juris diction ▁over ▁the ▁following ▁off ences ▁outside ▁Canada : ▁▁ ▁on ▁a ▁Canadian ▁aircraft ▁in ▁flight , ▁or ▁on ▁any ▁other ▁flight ▁which ▁termin ates ▁in ▁Canada , ▁for ▁any ▁ind ict able ▁off ence ▁ ▁on ▁any ▁aircraft ▁or ▁in ▁any ▁air port ▁in ▁the ▁world , ▁for ▁end ang ering ▁such ▁facilities ▁ ▁by ▁a ▁Canadian ▁citiz en , ▁permanent ▁resident , ▁or ▁stat eless ▁person ▁resident ▁in ▁Canada , ▁for ▁off ences ▁rel ating ▁to ▁cultural ▁property ▁protected ▁by ▁the ▁H ague ▁Convention ▁for ▁the ▁Prote ction ▁of ▁Cultural ▁Property ▁in ▁the ▁Event ▁of ▁Ar med ▁Conf lict ▁ ▁against ▁or ▁on ▁board ▁a ▁Canadian ▁ship ▁on ▁the ▁high ▁se as ▁or ▁a ▁fixed ▁platform ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁contin ental ▁sh elf ▁of ▁Canada , ▁or ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁a ▁Canadian ▁citiz en ▁on ▁any ▁ship ▁or ▁fixed ▁platform , ▁or ▁by ▁any ▁person ▁who ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Canada ▁after ▁such ▁off ence ▁ ▁on ▁a ▁Canadian ▁ship ▁or ▁aircraft , ▁rel ating ▁to ▁ ▁host age ▁taking , ▁ ▁off ences ▁against ▁intern ation ally ▁protected ▁persons ▁or ▁United ▁Nations ▁personnel , ▁or ▁ ▁terror ism ▁finan cing ▁ ▁on ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station ▁ ▁involving ▁nuclear ▁material ▁ ▁involving ▁terror ism ▁ ▁terror ist ▁activity ▁against ▁Canadian ▁citizens ▁or ▁Canadian ▁government ▁miss ions , ▁or ▁intended ▁to ▁comp el ▁the ▁Canadian ▁government , ▁or ▁any ▁provincial ▁government , ▁to ▁do ▁or ▁not ▁do ▁a ▁particular ▁act ▁ ▁rel ating ▁to ▁sexual ▁off ences ▁against ▁children |
▁ ▁Ireland ▁ ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁Under ▁Section ▁ 7 2 ▁of ▁the ▁Sex ual ▁Off ences ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁British ▁citizens ▁can ▁be ▁pro sec uted ▁for ▁sexual ▁off ences ▁committed ▁against ▁children ▁abroad . ▁Section ▁ 7 2 ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁conv ict ▁pa ed oph ile ▁Richard ▁H uck le ▁on ▁ 7 1 ▁counts ▁of ▁serious ▁sexual ▁off ences ▁against ▁children ▁in ▁Malays ia . ▁H uck le ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁ 2 2 ▁life ▁sentences . ▁While ▁no ▁official ▁t ally ▁is ▁kept , ▁seven ▁people ▁are ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁conv icted ▁under ▁Section ▁ 7 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁Fem ale ▁Gen ital ▁M util ation ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁assert ed ▁extr ater rit oral ▁juris diction ▁to ▁close ▁the ▁loop hole ▁where by ▁girls ▁could ▁be ▁taken ▁outside ▁the ▁UK ▁to ▁under go ▁F GM ▁procedures . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Municipal ▁and ▁state ▁law ▁In ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁many ▁states ▁have ▁laws ▁or ▁even ▁constitution al ▁prov isions ▁which ▁permit ▁cities ▁to ▁make ▁certain ▁dec isions ▁about ▁the ▁land ▁beyond ▁the ▁town ' s ▁incorpor ated ▁limits . ▁▁ ▁Ex amples ▁of ▁states ▁which ▁allow ▁cities ▁to ▁claim ▁E T J ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁z oning ▁or ▁other ▁matters , ▁either ▁generally ▁or ▁prior ▁to ▁an nex ation , ▁are : ▁ ▁Al aska ▁ ▁Ark ansas ▁ ▁Neb r aska , ▁ ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁and ▁ ▁Texas ▁ ▁In ▁California , ▁county |
▁Local ▁Agency ▁Form ation ▁Comm issions ▁determine ▁spher es ▁of ▁influence ▁that ▁cities ▁may ▁exercise ▁over ▁areas ▁outside ▁their ▁boundaries . ▁ ▁Federal ▁law ▁The ▁U . S . ▁C riminal ▁Code ▁as ser ts ▁the ▁following ▁items ▁to ▁fall ▁within ▁the ▁special ▁mar itime ▁and ▁territorial ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁much ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁extr ater rit orial ▁in ▁nature : ▁▁ ▁The ▁high ▁se as ▁and ▁any ▁other ▁waters ▁within ▁the ▁adm ir alty ▁and ▁mar itime ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁juris diction ▁of ▁any ▁particular ▁state , ▁including ▁any ▁vessels ▁owned ▁by ▁US ▁persons ▁that ▁are ▁trav elling ▁on ▁them ▁ ▁Any ▁US ▁vessel ▁trav elling ▁on ▁the ▁Great ▁L akes , ▁connecting ▁waters ▁or ▁the ▁Saint ▁Lawrence ▁River ▁( where ▁that ▁river ▁forms ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Canada – Un ited ▁States ▁border ) ▁ ▁Any ▁lands ▁reserved ▁or ▁acquired ▁for ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁under ▁the ▁exclusive ▁or ▁concurrent ▁juris diction ▁there of ▁ ▁Any ▁island ▁claimed ▁under ▁the ▁Gu ano ▁Islands ▁Act ▁ ▁Any ▁US ▁aircraft ▁flying ▁over ▁waters ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁manner ▁as ▁US ▁vessels ▁ ▁Any ▁US ▁space craft ▁when ▁in ▁flight ▁ ▁Any ▁place ▁outside ▁the ▁juris diction ▁of ▁any ▁nation ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁an ▁off ense ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁a ▁national ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Any ▁foreign ▁vessel ▁during ▁a ▁voyage ▁having ▁a ▁scheduled ▁departure ▁from ▁or ▁arrival ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁an ▁off ense ▁committed ▁by |
▁or ▁against ▁a ▁national ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Off enses ▁committed ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁a ▁national ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁diplom atic ▁miss ions , ▁cons ul ates , ▁military ▁and ▁other ▁miss ions , ▁together ▁with ▁related ▁resid ences , ▁outside ▁the ▁US ▁ ▁International ▁Par ental ▁Kid n apping ▁Crime ▁Act ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁private ▁military ▁contract ors ▁and ▁private ▁security ▁contract ors ▁being ▁used ▁by ▁U . S . ▁Government ▁ag encies ▁over se as , ▁the ▁Military ▁Ext r ater rit orial ▁Jur is diction ▁Act ▁was ▁passed ▁by ▁Congress ▁to ▁subject ▁them ▁to ▁a ▁similar ▁manner ▁of ▁juris diction . ▁ ▁C ertain ▁federal ▁property ▁has ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁federal ▁enc lave , ▁restrict ing ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁state ▁laws , ▁but ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁partially ▁rect ified ▁by ▁the ▁Ass im il ative ▁Cr imes ▁Act . ▁Similarly , ▁state ▁juris diction ▁is ▁restricted ▁on ▁Native ▁American ▁trib al ▁lands . ▁ ▁Gener ally , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁found ing ▁f athers ▁and ▁early ▁courts ▁believed ▁that ▁American ▁laws ▁could ▁not ▁have ▁juris diction ▁over ▁so ver eign ▁countries . ▁In ▁a ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁case , ▁Justice ▁Oliver ▁Wend el ▁Hol mes ▁introduced ▁what ▁came ▁to ▁be ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" pres umption ▁against ▁extr ater rit orial ity ," ▁making ▁explicit ▁this ▁jud icial ▁preference ▁that ▁U . S . ▁laws ▁not ▁be ▁applied ▁to ▁other ▁countries . ▁American ▁thought ▁about |
▁extr ater rit orial ity ▁has ▁changed ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁however . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁Ali en ▁T ort ▁Stat ute ▁of ▁ 1 7 8 9 ▁allows ▁foreign ▁citizens ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁bring ▁cases ▁before ▁federal ▁courts ▁against ▁foreign ▁defend ants ▁for ▁viol ations ▁of ▁the ▁" law ▁of ▁nations " ▁in ▁foreign ▁countries . ▁Although ▁this ▁stat ute ▁was ▁ignored ▁for ▁many ▁years , ▁U . S . ▁courts ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁have ▁interpreted ▁it ▁to ▁allow ▁foreign ers ▁to ▁seek ▁justice ▁in ▁cases ▁of ▁human - right s ▁viol ations ▁in ▁foreign ▁lands , ▁such ▁as ▁in ▁S osa ▁v . ▁Al vare z - M ach ain . ▁In ▁Mor r ison ▁v . ▁National ▁Australia ▁Bank , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁held ▁that ▁in ▁interpre ting ▁a ▁stat ute , ▁the ▁" pres umption ▁against ▁extr ater rit orial ity " ▁is ▁absolute ▁unless ▁the ▁text ▁of ▁the ▁stat ute ▁explicitly ▁says ▁otherwise . ▁ ▁Econom ic ▁law ▁Econom ic ▁san ctions ▁with ▁extr ater rit orial ▁impact ▁have ▁been ▁instit uted ▁under : ▁▁ ▁the ▁Tr ading ▁with ▁the ▁En emy ▁Act ▁( as ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁the ▁embargo ▁against ▁Cuba ) ▁ ▁the ▁Ar ms ▁Ex port ▁Control ▁Act ▁and ▁International ▁Tra ffic ▁in ▁Ar ms ▁Reg ulations ▁( in ▁gover ning ▁the ▁re - export ▁of ▁subject ▁goods ▁and ▁techn ologies ▁after ▁initial ▁export ▁from ▁the ▁US ) ▁ ▁the |
▁International ▁Emer gency ▁Econom ic ▁Pow ers ▁Act ▁( es pecially ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁san ctions ▁against ▁Iran ) ▁ ▁the ▁C ounter ing ▁America ' s ▁Ad vers aries ▁Through ▁San ctions ▁Act ▁▁ ▁Un like ▁most ▁nations , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁also ▁attempts ▁extr ater rit orial ▁application ▁of ▁U . S . ▁personal ▁tax ▁laws . ▁ ▁The ▁Foreign ▁Account ▁Tax ▁Comp liance ▁Act ▁is ▁an ▁extension ▁of ▁this ▁concept , ▁which ▁focus es ▁on ▁enfor cement . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Free - tra de ▁zone ▁ ▁Ext r ater rit orial ity ▁ ▁International ▁child ▁ab du ction ▁ ▁Tax ation ▁of ▁non ▁resident ▁Americans ▁ ▁Foreign ▁Account ▁Tax ▁Comp liance ▁Act ▁( U . S . ▁law ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ext ra - ter rit orial ▁juris diction ▁of ▁E CH R ▁states ▁- ▁fact sheet ▁of ▁EC t HR ▁case ▁law ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁La ws ▁Again st ▁Gen o cide ▁- ▁a ▁compreh ensive ▁list ▁of ▁municipal ▁laws ▁criminal ising ▁gen o cide . ▁Many ▁of ▁them ▁include ▁cla uses ▁to ▁allow ▁extr ater rit orial ▁juris diction . ▁ ▁Category : Intern ational ▁law ▁Category : Local ▁government <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁practice ▁of ▁dent istry ▁in ▁Canada ▁is ▁over seen ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex am ining ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁other ▁ag encies , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Commission ▁on ▁D ental ▁Acc red itation ▁of ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁D ent ists |
▁of ▁Canada . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 1 , 1 0 9 ▁dent ists ▁in ▁Canada ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Canadian ▁D ental ▁Association . ▁ ▁Lic ensure ▁ ▁D ent istry ▁is ▁a ▁reg ulated ▁profession ▁in ▁Canada . ▁▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁practice ▁dent istry , ▁a ▁dent ist ▁must ▁obtain ▁a ▁license ▁or ▁permit ▁from ▁the ▁province ▁or ▁territory ▁they ▁wish ▁to ▁practice ▁in . ▁The ▁main ▁requirement ▁to ▁obtain ▁lic ensure ▁in ▁all ▁Canadian ▁provinces ▁and ▁territ ories ▁is ▁passing ▁the ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex am ination ▁Board ▁ex ams . ▁ ▁Several ▁provinces ▁require ▁applic ants ▁to ▁complete ▁a ▁juris pr ud ence ▁and ▁eth ics ▁exam ination ▁which ▁tests ▁knowledge ▁related ▁to ▁local ▁laws , ▁eth ics , ▁and ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁the ▁profession . ▁ ▁N DE B ▁exam ination ▁▁ ▁C andid ates ▁seeking ▁to ▁practice ▁dent istry ▁in ▁Canada ▁must ▁successfully ▁complete ▁a ▁two - part ▁exam ination ▁admin ister ed ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex am ining ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada ▁( N DE B ). ▁D ental ▁students ▁at ▁acc red ited ▁Canadian ▁and ▁American ▁dent al ▁schools ▁are ▁permitted ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁exam ination ▁no ▁earlier ▁than ▁ 3 ▁months ▁prior ▁to ▁gradu ation , ▁which ▁usually ▁means ▁the ▁March ▁of ▁their ▁gradu ating ▁year . ▁Upon ▁successful ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁exam , ▁the ▁N DE B ▁issues ▁a ▁certificate ▁to ▁the ▁candidate . ▁ ▁To ▁be ▁el ig ible ▁to ▁write ▁the ▁N DE B |
▁exam , ▁candidates ▁must ▁have : ▁ ▁Gr adu ated ▁from ▁an ▁acc red ited ▁dent al ▁school ▁in ▁Canada , ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Australia ▁( since ▁ 2 0 1 1 ), ▁New ▁Zealand ▁( since ▁ 2 0 1 1 ), ▁or ▁Ireland ▁( since ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁or ▁ ▁Pass ed ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process ▁for ▁gradu ates ▁of ▁other ▁dent al ▁schools ▁( fore ign ▁trained ▁dent ists ). ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁( ad vanced ▁standing ) ▁programs ▁and ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process ▁for ▁foreign - tra ined ▁dent ists ▁Foreign - tra ined ▁dent ists ▁can ▁obtain ▁a ▁D MD ▁or ▁D DS ▁from ▁an ▁acc red ited ▁dent al ▁school ▁in ▁Canada ▁or ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁by ▁en rolling ▁in ▁a ▁qual ifying ▁or ▁advanced ▁standing ▁program . ▁Typ ically , ▁the ▁program ▁would ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁to ▁three ▁years ▁of ▁a ▁typical ▁dent al ▁program . ▁ ▁The ▁dent al ▁schools ▁that ▁offer ▁these ▁programs ▁in ▁Canada ▁are : ▁Dal h ous ie ▁University ▁University ▁of ▁Al berta ▁University ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto ▁University ▁of ▁Man it oba ▁University ▁of ▁Western ▁Ontario ▁McG ill ▁University ▁Univers ité ▁de ▁Montr éal ▁University ▁of ▁S ask atch ew an ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process ▁for ▁foreign ▁trained ▁dent ists ▁was ▁launched . ▁ ▁The ▁process ▁consists ▁of ▁three ▁ex ams : ▁ ▁Ass ess ment ▁of ▁fundamental ▁knowledge ▁written ▁exam . ▁ |
▁Ass ess ment ▁of ▁clin ical ▁skills ▁exam : ▁a ▁practical ▁exam ▁on ▁typ od ont s ▁and ▁man ik ins . ▁ ▁Ass ess ment ▁of ▁clin ical ▁jud g ement ▁written ▁exam . ▁The ▁alternative ▁route ▁of ▁going ▁through ▁a ▁qual ifying ▁program ▁or ▁advanced ▁standing ▁program ▁still ▁exists . ▁ ▁When ▁it ▁first ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁only ▁ 4 4 ▁candidates ▁passed ▁the ▁equival ency ▁process . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁over ▁ 2 6 0 ▁candidates ▁passed ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁that ▁number ▁rose ▁to ▁ 3 0 7 ▁candidates . ▁These ▁numbers ▁are ▁expected ▁to ▁keep ▁going ▁up ▁as ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁candidates ▁challeng ing ▁the ▁ex ams ▁has ▁been ▁rising ▁stead ily ▁year ▁after ▁year . ▁ ▁Over ▁s atur ation ▁of ▁dent ists ▁in ▁Canada ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Canadian ▁D ental ▁Association , ▁the ▁population - to - dent ist ▁ratio ▁has ▁been ▁dro pping ▁in ▁all ▁provinces ▁and ▁territ ories . ▁This ▁dent ist ▁gl ut ▁is ▁resulting ▁in ▁growing ▁competition ▁and ▁t ough ▁times ▁for ▁dent ists ▁especially ▁in ▁urban ▁cent res ▁like ▁Toronto . ▁ ▁D ental ▁Gr oups ▁in ▁Canada ▁ ▁dent al cor p ▁is ▁Canada ’ s ▁largest ▁network ▁of ▁dent al ▁clin ics . ▁It ▁started ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁has ▁grown ▁to ▁over ▁ 4 5 0 ▁locations ▁serving ▁ 2 ▁million ▁Canad ians ▁. ▁Alt ima ▁D ental ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ |
1 9 9 3 ▁and ▁has ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁dent al ▁offices . ▁ ▁Other ▁dent al ▁groups ▁include ▁ 1 2 3 dent ist ▁, D ental ▁Cho ice ▁ ▁and ▁to oth ▁corner ▁D ental . ▁ ▁Ach iev ements ▁The ▁first ▁woman ▁to ▁be ▁lic ensed ▁as ▁a ▁dent ist ▁in ▁Canada ▁was ▁Emma ▁Ga ud re au ▁Cas gra in ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 8 . ▁She ▁was ▁trained ▁by ▁her ▁husband , ▁dent al ▁sur geon ▁Henri - Ed mond ▁Cas gra in , ▁an ▁innov ator ▁in ▁dent istry . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁National ▁D ental ▁Ex am ining ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁D ent ists ▁of ▁Canada ▁Canadian ▁D ental ▁Association ▁Association ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Fac ult ies ▁of ▁D ent istry ▁http :// l amb ton dent ist . com / index . php / s arn ia - dent ists / <0x0A> </s> ▁Frank ▁Row ley ▁F ICE ▁( 4 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁civil ▁engineer . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁West ▁Hart le pool ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁England . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁P ais ley ▁Gram mar ▁School , ▁then ▁a ▁state ▁select ive ▁school . ▁ ▁Career ▁He ▁left ▁school ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁and ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁app rent ice ▁civil ▁engineer ▁with ▁Ren f rew ▁County ▁Council , ▁whilst ▁att ending ▁night |
▁school . ▁On ▁completion ▁of ▁his ▁app rent ices hip ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Living ston ▁Development ▁Corporation , ▁becoming ▁a ▁senior ▁civil ▁engineer . ▁ ▁Motor way ▁brid ges ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁he ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁motor way ▁construction ▁programme ▁in ▁South ▁East ▁England , ▁being ▁senior ▁bridge ▁engineer ▁on ▁the ▁M 3 ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁on ▁over ▁ 6 0 ▁brid ges ▁as ▁far ▁west ▁as ▁j unction ▁ 8 . ▁He ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁Sur rey . ▁▁ ▁He ▁designed ▁the ▁M 1 8 0 ▁motor way ▁bal anced ▁cant ile ver ▁bridge ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁Tr ent ▁in ▁Hum bers ide ▁( now ▁North ▁Lincoln shire ). ▁ ▁He ▁led ▁the ▁design ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁G ade ▁Valley ▁Vi ad uct ▁of ▁the ▁M 2 5 , ▁north ▁of ▁j unction ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁M 2 5 ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁G ade ▁and ▁West ▁Coast ▁Main ▁Line , ▁west ▁of ▁Abb ots ▁Lang ley . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 - span ▁Dor no ch ▁F irth ▁Bridge ▁carrying ▁the ▁A 9 ▁over ▁the ▁Dor no ch ▁F irth . ▁The ▁Dor no ch ▁F irth ▁Bridge ▁won ▁a ▁Salt ire ▁Award . ▁ ▁He ▁later ▁designed ▁the ▁Ce iri og ▁Vi ad uct ▁carrying ▁the ▁A 5 ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁Ce iri og . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 4 - 9 6 ▁he ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁Marsh ▁M ills ▁Vi ad uct ▁of |
▁the ▁A 3 8 ▁in ▁P ly m pton . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Institution ▁of ▁Civil ▁Engine ers . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Char tered ▁Institute ▁of ▁Ar bit rat ors . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁He ▁married ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁son . ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Edinburgh ▁W ander ers ▁R FC ▁rugby ▁team , ▁later ▁ref ere eing ▁matches ▁into ▁his ▁f ift ies . ▁He ▁lived ▁in ▁C ran le igh ▁in ▁the ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁W aver ley . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Gu ild ford ▁in ▁west ▁Sur rey . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Times ▁Ob itu ary , ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Sc ots man ▁Ob itu ary ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁P ais ley ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁C ran le igh ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁West ▁Hart le pool ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁civil ▁engine ers ▁Category : V i ad uct ▁engine ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Ru air í ▁Ó ▁G ad h ra , ▁King ▁of ▁S li ab h ▁L ug ha , ▁died ▁ 1 2 0 6 . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Ann als ▁of ▁the ▁Four ▁Masters ▁appear ▁to ▁contain ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁reference ▁to ▁Ru air í , ▁reporting ▁that ▁R |
ory ▁O ' G ara , ▁Lord ▁of ▁S li ab h ▁L ug ha , ▁died ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 2 0 6 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁http :// www . u cc . ie / c elt / pub lished / T 1 0 0 0 1 0 A / index . html ▁ ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁County ▁May o ▁Category : 1 2 th - century ▁Irish ▁monarch s <0x0A> </s> ▁Otto ▁Pol lak ▁( 3 0 ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁writer ▁and ▁a ▁professor ▁of ▁Soci ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ ▁His ▁most ▁controvers ial ▁and ▁famous ▁book ▁was ▁The ▁C riminal ity ▁of ▁Women ▁( 1 9 5 0 ), ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁suggested ▁that ▁women ▁commit ▁just ▁as ▁much ▁crime ▁as ▁men , ▁but ▁that ▁their ▁crime ▁is ▁more ▁easily ▁hidden . ▁Pol lak ▁further ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁criminal ▁justice ▁system ▁was ▁bi ased ▁by ▁pre con ception s ▁about ▁women ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁conv ict ▁or ▁sentence ▁women ▁as ▁har sh ly ▁as ▁men . ▁ ▁His ▁empir ical ▁work ▁has ▁provided ▁a ▁starting ▁point ▁for ▁cr imin ology ▁on ▁women . ▁ ▁His ▁work ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁political ▁deb ates , ▁as ▁some ▁ant if em in ist ▁or ▁mascul ist ▁groups ▁have ▁appropri ated ▁his ▁work . ▁ ▁References ▁Fem ales ▁and ▁Crime ▁ ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Pennsylvania |
▁fac ulty ▁Category : C rimin olog ists ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁( DE - 1 0 2 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy , ▁in ▁service ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Service ▁history ▁Court ney ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁Marine ▁Major ▁Henry ▁A . ▁Court ney , ▁Jr . ▁( 1 9 1 6 – 1 9 4 5 ), ▁who ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁post hum ously ▁for ▁his ▁hero ism ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ok ina wa . ▁She ▁was ▁launched ▁ 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁by ▁De fo e ▁Sh ip building ▁Company , ▁Bay ▁City , ▁Mich ., ▁spons ored ▁by ▁Mrs . ▁H . A . ▁Court ney ; ▁commission ed ▁ 2 4 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁Lieutenant ▁Commander ▁C . W . ▁Co e ▁in ▁command ; ▁and ▁reported ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Atlantic ▁Fle et . ▁▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁Jo ining ▁Esc ort ▁Squadron ▁ 1 0 ▁( C ort R on ▁ 1 0 ) ▁at ▁Naval ▁Station ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island , ▁ 2 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁Court ney ▁operated ▁from ▁that ▁port ▁exer cis ing ▁in ▁ant is ub marine ▁war fare ▁and ▁Con voy ▁esc ort ▁techniques ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁West ▁Ind |
ies ▁until ▁ 3 ▁September . ▁She ▁arrived ▁at ▁Mil ford ▁H aven , ▁Wales , ▁ 1 4 ▁September ▁for ▁man eu vers ▁with ▁ships ▁of ▁other ▁NAT O ▁nav ies ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁Sea , ▁visit ing ▁P ly mouth , ▁England , ▁and ▁Br est , ▁France , ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁New port ▁ 2 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁to ▁res ume ▁local ▁operations . ▁She ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁h unter - k iller ▁exer cis es ▁off ▁North ▁Carolina ▁and ▁in ▁con voy ▁exer cis es ▁extending ▁into ▁the ▁waters ▁off ▁Florida . ▁▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Court ney ▁sa iled ▁from ▁New port ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁and ▁called ▁at ▁Re yk jav ík , ▁I cel and , ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁Bod ø , ▁Norway , ▁to ▁conduct ▁exer cis es ▁with ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Norwegian ▁Navy . ▁She ▁put ▁into ▁Ant werp , ▁Belg ium , ▁and ▁NS ▁Argent ia , ▁New found land , ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁New port ▁ 1 4 ▁May . ▁ ▁From ▁ 7 ▁August ▁to ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁she ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁Operation ▁Arg us , ▁conduct ing ▁nuclear ▁tests ▁in ▁the ▁high ▁atmosphere ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Navy ▁Task ▁Force ▁ 8 8 . ▁After ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁tests , ▁she ▁cru ised ▁to ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro , ▁Brazil , ▁from ▁ 1 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 ▁September . ▁Again ▁cru ising |
▁to ▁South ▁American ▁waters ▁from ▁February ▁through ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁she ▁called ▁at ▁ports ▁in ▁Colombia , ▁E cuador , ▁Peru , ▁and ▁Chile , ▁and ▁exerc ised ▁with ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁and ▁Per uv ian ▁nav ies . ▁ ▁NAT O ▁exer cis es ▁in ▁August ▁and ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁found ▁her ▁calling ▁in ▁New found land , ▁Northern ▁Ireland , ▁England , ▁and ▁Portugal . ▁Through ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁she ▁cru ised ▁along ▁the ▁east ▁coast ▁on ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁exer cis es , ▁including ▁an ▁am ph ib ious ▁operation ▁with ▁Mar ines ▁on ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁ ▁From ▁August ▁through ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁Court ney ▁participated ▁in ▁Operation ▁" Unit as ", ▁the ▁combined ▁ant is ub marine ▁training ▁cru ise ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁nations . ▁▁ ▁[ 1 9 6 0 - 1 9 7 3 ] ▁ ▁Court ney ▁was ▁str icken ▁from ▁the ▁Naval ▁V essel ▁Register ▁ 1 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁She ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁scra pping ▁ 1 7 ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁nav source . org : ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁▁▁ ▁ha zeg ray . org : ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁ ▁USS ▁Court ney ▁website ▁ ▁Category : De ale y - class ▁destroy er ▁esc ort s ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁in ▁Bay ▁City |
, ▁Michigan ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁ships ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Navy ▁Minnesota - related ▁ships <0x0A> </s> ▁Col ts foot ▁is ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁for ▁several ▁plants ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁A ster aceae : ▁▁ ▁Hom ogy ne ▁al p ina , ▁a ▁plant ▁species ▁native ▁to ▁Europe ▁ ▁Pet as ites , ▁a ▁plant ▁genus ▁native ▁to ▁Europe , ▁Asia , ▁and ▁North ▁America ▁ ▁T uss il ago ▁far f ara , ▁a ▁plant ▁species ▁native ▁to ▁Europe ▁and ▁parts ▁of ▁Asia ▁and ▁Africa ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁But ter bur ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Col ts foot ▁Green , ▁a ▁small ▁ham let ▁in ▁Su ff olk , ▁England ▁ ▁Col ts foot ▁Rock , ▁a ▁con fection ery ▁product <0x0A> </s> ▁R ough ▁Range ▁is ▁a ▁location ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁where ▁oil ▁was ▁discovered ▁during ▁an ▁expl oration ▁dr illing ▁programme ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁West ▁Australian ▁Pet role um ▁( W AP ET ) ▁d ril led ▁its ▁first ▁well ▁at ▁R ough ▁Range ▁near ▁North ▁West ▁Cape ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁This ▁well ▁produced ▁at ▁a ▁rate ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁working ▁well ▁of ▁Australia ' s ▁commercial ▁pet role um ▁industry . ▁Despite ▁being ▁abandoned ▁as ▁non - com mer cial ▁in ▁the ▁mid ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁consideration ▁was ▁given ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁to ▁re - work ▁the ▁find . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category |
: P et role um ▁industry ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : N orth ▁West ▁Western ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁( in ▁case ▁cit ations , ▁S . D . ▁F la . ▁or ▁S . D . ▁Fl .) ▁is ▁the ▁federal ▁United ▁States ▁district ▁court ▁with ▁territorial ▁juris diction ▁over ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Florida . ▁ ▁App e als ▁from ▁cases ▁brought ▁in ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁are ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁for ▁the ▁Ele vent h ▁Circ uit ▁( except ▁for ▁pat ent ▁claims ▁and ▁claims ▁against ▁the ▁U . S . ▁government ▁under ▁the ▁T ucker ▁Act , ▁which ▁are ▁appe aled ▁to ▁the ▁Federal ▁Circ uit ). ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁On ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁that ▁Florida ▁was ▁admitted ▁as ▁a ▁state , ▁March ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 8 4 5 , ▁Congress ▁en act ed ▁legisl ation ▁creating ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Florida , ▁. ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 4 7 , ▁this ▁District ▁was ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁Northern ▁and ▁Southern ▁District s , ▁by ▁. ▁The ▁stat ute ▁effect ing ▁this ▁division ▁set ▁forth ▁the ▁boundaries ▁of ▁the ▁District s : ▁ ▁[ T ] hat ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Florida ▁lying ▁south ▁of ▁a ▁line ▁drawn ▁due ▁east ▁and ▁west ▁from ▁the ▁northern ▁point ▁of ▁Charlotte ▁Har bor , ▁including ▁the ▁islands , ▁keys |
, ▁re ef s , ▁sho als , ▁har b ors , ▁b ays ▁and ▁in lets , ▁south ▁of ▁said ▁line , ▁shall ▁be ▁ere cted ▁into ▁a ▁new ▁jud icial ▁district , ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ; ▁a ▁District ▁Court ▁shall ▁be ▁held ▁in ▁said ▁Southern ▁District , ▁to ▁consist ▁of ▁one ▁judge , ▁who ▁shall ▁res ide ▁at ▁Key ▁West , ▁in ▁said ▁district ... ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁was ▁created ▁from ▁port ions ▁of ▁these ▁districts ▁by ▁. ▁ ▁This ▁federal ▁district ▁has ▁the ▁dub ious ▁distinction ▁of ▁having ▁had ▁more ▁jud ges ▁removed ▁through ▁im pe achment ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁district , ▁with ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁two , ▁one - third ▁of ▁all ▁federal ▁district ▁jud ges ▁so ▁removed . ▁ ▁Fam ous ▁cases ▁that ▁have ▁been ▁heard ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁include ▁Bush ▁v . ▁G ore , ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Nor ie ga ▁( the ▁pro sec ution ▁of ▁former ▁Pan aman ian ▁military ▁leader ▁Manuel ▁Nor ie ga ), ▁González ▁v . ▁Ren o ▁( the ▁Eli án ▁González ▁case ), ▁not orious ▁Pon zi ▁sch emer ▁Scott ▁Roth stein , ▁and ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁José ▁Pad illa ▁( the ▁pro sec ution ▁of ▁José ▁Pad illa ). ▁ ▁Jur is diction ▁▁ ▁The ▁court ' s ▁juris diction ▁compr ises ▁the ▁nine ▁count ies ▁of ▁Brow ard , ▁High lands , ▁Indian ▁River , ▁Martin , ▁Miami |
- D ade , ▁Mon roe , ▁O ke ech ob ee , ▁Pal m ▁Beach , ▁and ▁St . ▁Luc ie . ▁The ▁district ▁includes ▁the ▁South ▁Florida ▁metropol itan ▁area ▁of ▁Miami , ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁and ▁West ▁Pal m ▁Beach . ▁It ▁compr ises ▁ ▁and ▁approximately ▁ 6 . 3 ▁million ▁people . ▁Cour th ouses , ▁corresponding ▁to ▁the ▁five ▁divisions ▁of ▁the ▁district , ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁Fort ▁Pier ce , ▁Key ▁West , ▁Miami , ▁and ▁West ▁Pal m ▁Beach . ▁The ▁court ' s ▁offices ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁Miami . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ▁and ▁United ▁States ▁Marsh al ▁▁ ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ▁for ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁represents ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁civil ▁and ▁criminal ▁lit ig ation ▁in ▁the ▁court . ▁The ▁current ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ▁for ▁the ▁district ▁is ▁Ari ana ▁F aj ardo ▁Or sh an . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁G ady aces ▁S . ▁Ser ral ta ▁was ▁confirmed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Marsh al . ▁ ▁Current ▁jud ges ▁ ▁: ▁ ▁V ac an cies ▁and ▁pending ▁nomin ations ▁ ▁Form er ▁jud ges ▁ ▁Chief ▁jud ges ▁ ▁Su cc ession ▁of ▁seats ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Cour ts ▁of ▁Florida ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁current ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Jud ges ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁federal ▁cour th ouses ▁in ▁Florida ▁ |
▁United ▁States ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁for ▁the ▁Ele vent h ▁Circ uit ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Northern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Florida ▁B log ▁– ▁By ▁att orney ▁David ▁Mark us ▁ ▁Florida , ▁Southern ▁District ▁Category : F lor ida ▁law ▁Category : M iami ▁Category : 1 8 4 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : C our th ouses ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : F ort ▁La ud erd ale , ▁Florida ▁Category : West ▁Pal m ▁Beach , ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁L t . ▁Gen . ▁Douglas ▁Edward ▁L ute ▁( born ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁U . S . ▁public ▁servant ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁P erman ent ▁Represent ative ▁to ▁NAT O ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁post ▁by ▁President ▁Ob ama ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁assumed ▁his ▁position ▁on ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁L ute ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁lieutenant ▁general . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁L ute ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁Ass |
istant ▁to ▁the ▁President ▁and ▁Deput y ▁National ▁Security ▁Ad visor ▁for ▁Ira q ▁and ▁Afghan istan . ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁referred ▁to ▁him ▁as ▁the ▁" W ar ▁Cz ar ", ▁since ▁he ▁occupied ▁a ▁senior ▁advis ory ▁position ▁responsible ▁for ▁over see ing ▁the ▁wars ▁in ▁Ira q ▁and ▁Afghan istan . ▁He ▁was ▁asked ▁to ▁stay ▁on ▁by ▁new ▁President ▁Bar ack ▁Ob ama ▁as ▁Ob ama ' s ▁Special ▁Ass istant ▁and ▁Senior ▁Co ordin ator ▁for ▁Afghan istan ▁and ▁Pakistan . ▁After ▁leaving ▁active ▁duty ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁L ute ▁remained ▁in ▁his ▁position ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Security ▁Staff . ▁He ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Jane ▁H oll ▁L ute , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁Deput y ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Hom eland ▁Security ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Education ▁L ute ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Michigan ▁City , ▁Indiana , ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁at ▁West ▁Point ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁assignment ▁was ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Arm ored ▁Caval ry ▁Regiment ▁in ▁Bind lach , ▁Germany , ▁where ▁he ▁commanded ▁C T ro op . ▁He ▁earned ▁a ▁M PA ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁Kennedy ▁School ▁of ▁Government ▁of ▁Harvard ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁taught ▁in ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Social ▁Science ▁at ▁West ▁Point . ▁ ▁Second ▁Caval ry ▁Following |
▁attend ance ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁Staff ▁College , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁Arm ored ▁Caval ry ▁Regiment ▁as ▁operations ▁officer , ▁serving ▁both ▁at ▁the ▁squad ron ▁and ▁regiment al ▁levels . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 – 9 1 ▁he ▁deployed ▁and ▁fought ▁with ▁the ▁regiment ▁in ▁Operation ▁Des ert ▁Storm , ▁and ▁later ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁staff ▁of ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army . ▁ ▁Ad van cement ▁L ute ▁commanded ▁ 1 st ▁Squadron , ▁ 7 th ▁Caval ry ▁at ▁Fort ▁H ood , ▁Texas , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 – 9 4 . ▁He ▁then ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁J oint ▁Staff ▁in ▁the ▁J - 5 ▁Director ate ▁for ▁Str ateg ic ▁Pl ans ▁and ▁Policy , ▁and ▁held ▁a ▁War ▁College ▁Fellow ship ▁at ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Council ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁he ▁commanded ▁the ▁Second ▁Caval ry ▁Regiment , ▁part ▁of ▁XVIII ▁Air bor ne ▁Corps , ▁at ▁Fort ▁Pol k , ▁Louisiana . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁brig ad ier ▁general . ▁He ▁served ▁next ▁as ▁the ▁executive ▁assistant ▁to ▁the ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁J oint ▁Chief s ▁of ▁Staff ▁for ▁ 1 4 ▁months ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Infantry ▁Division ▁in ▁Schwe inf urt , ▁Germany , ▁as ▁the ▁Ass istant ▁Division ▁Commander ▁( Support ). ▁He ▁commanded ▁Mult |
in ational ▁Brigade ▁East ▁in ▁Kos ovo ▁for ▁six ▁months ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁before ▁being ▁assigned ▁to ▁United ▁States ▁European ▁Command ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁as ▁the ▁Deput y ▁Director ▁of ▁Oper ations . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁L ute ▁began ▁more ▁than ▁two ▁years ▁as ▁Director ▁of ▁Oper ations ▁( J - 3 ) ▁at ▁United ▁States ▁Central ▁Command ▁( US C ENT COM ), ▁during ▁which ▁he ▁o vers aw ▁combat ▁operations ▁in ▁Ira q ▁and ▁Afghan istan ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁Central ▁Asia , ▁and ▁the ▁Horn ▁of ▁Africa . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁major ▁general ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁lieutenant ▁general ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁He ▁assumed ▁the ▁duties ▁of ▁Director ▁of ▁Oper ations , ▁the ▁J oint ▁Staff , ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁National ▁Security ▁Council ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Senate ▁confirmed ▁L ute ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁Deput y ▁National ▁Security ▁Ad visor . ▁ ▁He ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁position ▁after ▁his ▁ret irement ▁from ▁active ▁duty ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁L ute ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁should ▁" cons ider " ▁re inst ating ▁the ▁military ▁draft ▁to ▁rel ieve ▁the ▁" str essed " |
▁volunte er ▁service ▁from ▁multiple ▁t ours ▁of ▁duty . ▁This ▁was ▁immediately ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁comment ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁major ▁policy ▁shift ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁see ▁a ▁current ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁draft . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁decor ations ▁During ▁his ▁military ▁career ▁he ▁received : ▁ ▁Def ense ▁Super ior ▁Service ▁Medal ▁( with ▁ 3 ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl ust ers ) ▁ ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Mer it ▁( with ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl uster ) ▁ ▁Bron ze ▁Star ▁Medal ▁ ▁Def ense ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁ ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁( with ▁ 4 ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl ust ers ) ▁ ▁J oint ▁Service ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁ ▁Army ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁( with ▁ 2 ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl ust ers ) ▁ ▁Army ▁Ach iev ement ▁Medal ▁ ▁Par ach ut ist ▁Bad ge ▁▁ ▁R anger ▁Tab ▁ ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Def ense ▁Ident ification ▁Bad ge ▁ ▁J oint ▁Chief s ▁of ▁Staff ▁Ident ification ▁Bad ge ▁ ▁Army ▁Staff ▁Ident ification ▁Bad ge ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Text ▁adapted ▁from ▁public ▁domain ▁J oint ▁Chief s ▁of ▁Staff ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Douglas ▁L ute ▁at ▁Source Watch ▁ ▁Category : P erman ent ▁Representatives ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁NAT O ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁gener als ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁al umn i ▁Category : John ▁F . ▁Kennedy ▁School ▁of ▁Government ▁al umn |
i ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Michigan ▁City , ▁Indiana ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Mer it ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : Ge orge ▁W . ▁Bush ▁administration ▁personnel ▁Category : Ob ama ▁administration ▁personnel <0x0A> </s> ▁J ov ian ▁Hed iger ▁( born ▁December ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁in ▁Rein ach , ▁A arg au ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swiss ▁cross - country ▁sk ier . ▁ ▁Hed iger ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁for ▁Switzerland . ▁He ▁placed ▁ 4 7 th ▁in ▁the ▁qual ifying ▁round ▁in ▁the ▁s print , ▁failing ▁to ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁knock out ▁stages . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁his ▁best ▁showing ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Championships ▁was ▁ 2 5 th ▁through ▁the ▁classical ▁s print ▁event ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Hed iger ▁made ▁his ▁World ▁Cup ▁debut ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁As ▁of ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁his ▁best ▁finish ▁is ▁a ▁ 6 th , ▁in ▁a ▁fre est yle ▁s print ▁event ▁at ▁Tob lach ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 . ▁His ▁best ▁World ▁Cup ▁overall ▁finish ▁is ▁ 6 8 th , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 - 1 4 . ▁His ▁best ▁World ▁Cup ▁finish ▁in ▁a ▁discipline ▁is ▁ 2 9 th , |
▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 - 1 4 ▁s print . ▁ ▁Olympic ▁results ▁ ▁World ▁Championship ▁results ▁ ▁World ▁Cup ▁results ▁All ▁results ▁are ▁s our ced ▁from ▁the ▁International ▁Ski ▁Federation ▁( F IS ). ▁ ▁World ▁Cup ▁stand ings ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁K ul m ▁District ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁cross - country ▁ski ers ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁Category : C ross - country ▁ski ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁Category : C ross - country ▁ski ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁Category : Sw iss ▁male ▁cross - country ▁ski ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Th y ro x ine ▁ 5 - de iod in ase ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁type ▁III ▁i od othy ron ine ▁de iod in ase ▁( EC ▁number ▁ 1 . 2 1 . 9 9 . 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁en zym e ▁that ▁in ▁humans ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁D IO 3 ▁gene . ▁This ▁en zym e ▁catal ys es ▁the ▁following ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁▁▁ 3 , 3 ', 5 '- tri iod o - L - thy ron ine ▁+ ▁i od ide ▁+ ▁A ▁+ ▁H + ▁ ▁L - thy ro x ine ▁+ ▁A H 2 ▁ ▁The ▁protein ▁encoded ▁by ▁this ▁intr on less ▁gene ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁i od othy ron ine ▁de |
iod in ase ▁family . ▁It ▁catal y zes ▁the ▁in activ ation ▁of ▁thy roid ▁h orm one ▁by ▁inner ▁ring ▁de iod ination ▁of ▁the ▁pro h orm one ▁thy ro x ine ▁( T 4 ) ▁and ▁the ▁bio active ▁h orm one ▁ 3 , 3 ', 5 - tri iod othy ron ine ▁( T 3 ) ▁to ▁in active ▁met abol ites , ▁ 3 , 3 ', 5 '- tri iod othy ron ine ▁( RT 3 ) ▁and ▁ 3 , 3 '- d ii od othy ron ine ▁( T 2 ), ▁respectively . ▁This ▁en zym e ▁is ▁highly ▁expressed ▁in ▁the ▁pre gn ant ▁u ter us , ▁pla cent a , ▁f etal ▁and ▁ne on atal ▁t issues , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁it ▁plays ▁an ▁essential ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁thy roid ▁h orm one ▁in activ ation ▁during ▁emb ry ological ▁development . ▁ ▁Disc overy ▁▁ ▁The ▁gene ▁was ▁mapped ▁to ▁chrom os ome ▁ 1 4 q 3 2 ▁using ▁flu ores c ence ▁in ▁situ ▁hy brid ization ▁( F IS H ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁▁ ▁This ▁protein ▁contains ▁a ▁s elen oc yst e ine ▁( Sec ) ▁resid ue , ▁which ▁is ▁essential ▁for ▁efficient ▁en zym e ▁activity . ▁The ▁s elen oc yst e ine ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁U GA ▁cod on , ▁which ▁normally ▁signals ▁translation ▁term ination . ▁The ▁ |
3 ' ▁U TR ▁of ▁Sec - cont aining ▁gen es ▁have ▁a ▁common ▁stem - loop ▁structure , ▁the ▁sec ▁insert ion ▁sequence ▁( SE C IS ), ▁which ▁is ▁necessary ▁for ▁the ▁recognition ▁of ▁U GA ▁as ▁a ▁Sec ▁cod on ▁rather ▁than ▁as ▁a ▁stop ▁signal . ▁ ▁Function ▁▁ ▁The ▁D IO 3 ▁gene ▁codes ▁for ▁type ▁ 3 ▁i od othy ron ine ▁de iod in ase ▁( D 3 ), ▁an ▁en zym e ▁that ▁in activ ates ▁thy roid ▁h orm ones ▁and ▁is ▁highly ▁expressed ▁throughout ▁f etal ▁development , ▁pe aking ▁early ▁and ▁decre asing ▁towards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁gest ation . ▁ ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁D L K 1 - D io 3 ▁im print ing ▁control ▁region , ▁this ▁gene ▁is ▁one ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁ep igen etic ▁process ▁that ▁causes ▁a ▁subset ▁of ▁gen es ▁to ▁be ▁reg ulated ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁parent al ▁origin ▁. ▁ ▁Such ▁im print ed ▁gen es ▁are ▁required ▁for ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁pla cent a ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁cell ular ▁line ages ▁such ▁as ▁those ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁mes od erm ▁and ▁e ct od erm . ▁ ▁D 3 ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁pre gn ant ▁u ter us , ▁pla cent a , ▁and ▁m amm al ian ▁f etal ▁t issues ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁transfer ▁of ▁thy roid ▁h orm one ▁between ▁the ▁mother ▁and ▁fet us . ▁ ▁Expression ▁of |
▁D 3 ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁brain , ▁skin , ▁li ver , ▁b one , ▁ov ary , ▁test is , ▁int est ine , ▁and ▁brown ▁ad ip ose ▁t issue . ▁ ▁Int ro duct ory ▁observations ▁of ▁D 3 - def ic ient ▁m ice ▁indicate ▁growth ▁ret ard ation ▁and ▁even ▁some ▁ne on atal ▁death . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁its ▁ability ▁to ▁activ ate ▁or ▁in activ ate ▁thy roid ▁h orm one , ▁D io 3 ▁coding ▁of ▁D 3 ▁could ▁be ▁a ▁target ▁for ▁th era pe ut ic ▁inter vention ▁in ▁ins ul in - related ▁ill ness ▁such ▁as ▁di ab etes . ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁an ▁ab normal ▁amount ▁of ▁D io 3 ▁related ▁to ▁ins u fficient ▁thy roid ▁h orm one ▁levels ▁could ▁be ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁dis ruption ▁of ▁brain ▁development ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁alco hol ▁expos ure . ▁ ▁Many ▁factors ▁modify ▁gen etic ▁im print ing ▁of ▁D io 3 , ▁making ▁it ▁a ▁potential ▁aid ▁in ▁understanding ▁pr en atal ▁ins ult s ▁and ▁their ▁production ▁of ▁spectrum ▁dis orders . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : EC ▁ 1 . 2 1 . 9 9 ▁Category : Gen es ▁on ▁human ▁chrom os ome ▁ 1 4 ▁Category : Develop ment al ▁gen es ▁and ▁prote ins <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁Car r ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁In ▁academ ia ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( |
phen omen ology ▁scholar ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 0 ), ▁American ▁phenomen ology ▁scholar ▁and ▁phil os opher ▁ ▁David ▁M . ▁Car r , ▁professor ▁of ▁Old ▁Testament ▁at ▁Union ▁The ological ▁Sem inary ▁ ▁In ▁sport ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( ath lete ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 2 ), ▁Australian ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁ath lete ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( American ▁football ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 9 ), ▁American ▁football ▁quarter back ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( d arts ▁player ), ▁English ▁d arts ▁player ▁ ▁Other ▁people ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( A ID S ▁victim ) ▁( 1 9 3 3 – 1 9 5 9 ), ▁sus pected ▁first ▁Western ▁A ID S ▁victim ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( j ournal ist ) ▁( 1 9 5 6 – 2 0 1 5 ), ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁journalist ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( actor ) ▁( 1 9 6 6 - present ), ▁a ▁TV ▁actor ▁ ▁David ▁G . ▁Car r ▁( 1 8 0 9 – 1 8 8 3 ), ▁Virginia ▁politician ▁ ▁David ▁Car r ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 4 ), ▁drum mer ▁for ▁Christian ▁band ▁Third ▁Day ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Dave ▁Car r ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁David ▁& ▁Car r , ▁a ▁du o ▁consisting ▁of ▁tr ance ▁mus icians ▁Peter ▁Car r ▁and ▁David ▁Johnson ▁ ▁David ▁K arr ▁( 1 9 1 8 – 1 9 7 9 |
), ▁American ▁journalist , ▁business man , ▁and ▁Commun ist <0x0A> </s> ▁Leo ▁August ine ▁F url ong ▁Jr . ▁( Oct ober ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁– ▁June ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁politician ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁state ▁of ▁Florida . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Florida ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁representing ▁D ade ▁County . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁death s ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Florida ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Char l eston , ▁South ▁Carolina ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Miami ▁al umn i ▁Category : F lor ida ▁Democr ats <0x0A> </s> ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁the ▁Sil vre tta ▁range ▁of ▁the ▁Al ps ▁on ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁Austria ▁and ▁Switzerland . ▁It ▁forms ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁the ▁Swiss ▁canton ▁of ▁Gra ub ünd en ▁and ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁state ▁of ▁Vor ar l berg ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁peak ▁in ▁Vor ar l berg . ▁ ▁Its ▁original ▁name ▁in ▁the ▁Rom ans h ▁language ▁is ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁Grand . ▁A ▁similar ▁but ▁smaller ▁sum mit ▁nearby ▁is ▁called ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁Pit schen ▁at ▁ 3 , 2 5 5 m ▁( 1 0 , 6 8 0 ft ). ▁P iz ▁Bu |
in ▁was ▁first ▁clim bed ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Anton ▁Spe cht ▁and ▁Johann ▁Jakob ▁We ilen mann , ▁gu ided ▁by ▁Jakob ▁P fit scher ▁and ▁Franz ▁P öll . ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁Pit schen ▁was ▁clim bed ▁three ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁can ▁be ▁reached ▁from ▁the ▁Wies bad ener ▁h ut , ▁crossing ▁the ▁Verm unt ▁gla cier , ▁clim bing ▁up ▁the ▁Wies bad ener ▁r idge ▁and ▁h ik ing ▁over ▁the ▁O chs ental er ▁Gla cier ▁to ▁the ▁Bu in ▁gap . ▁From ▁the ▁gap ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁z ig z ag ▁walk ▁to ▁the ▁top , ▁with ▁only ▁a ▁ 2 0 m ▁( 6 5 ft ) ▁ste ep ▁step ▁to ▁sur mount ▁before ▁reaching ▁the ▁relatively ▁flat ▁sum mit ▁space , ▁which ▁has ▁an ▁old ▁wooden ▁cross ▁on ▁the ▁very ▁top . ▁The ▁border ▁between ▁Switzerland ▁and ▁Austria ▁cross es ▁the ▁sum mit ▁from ▁East ▁to ▁West . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁mountains ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁on ▁Sum mit post ▁P iz ▁Bu in ▁on ▁H ik r ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁the ▁Al ps ▁Category : Al pine ▁three - th ous and ers ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Vor ar l berg ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Gra ub ünd en ▁Category : A ust ria – Sw |
itzerland ▁border ▁Category : Intern ational ▁mountains ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : Sil vre tta ▁Al ps <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ho arus ib ▁River ▁is ▁an ▁e ph em eral ▁river ▁in ▁the ▁Kun ene ▁Region ▁region ▁of ▁north - western ▁Nam ib ia . ▁Its ▁source ▁is ▁near ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁O pu wo , ▁and ▁the ▁river ▁flows ▁through ▁the ▁T onn esen ▁and ▁G ira ffe ▁Mountains ▁into ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean . ▁The ▁Ho arus ib ▁occasionally ▁car ries ▁surface ▁water ▁during ▁the ▁ra iny ▁seasons ▁in ▁November ▁and ▁February / M arch . ▁The ▁catch ment ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁Ho arus ib ▁is ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁Ho arus ib ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁have ▁origin ated ▁from ▁the ▁ge ology ▁of ▁this ▁stretch ▁as ▁the ▁N ama ▁word ▁" ! nar use b " ▁means ▁" water ▁which ▁tw ists ▁and ▁turns ▁through ▁a ▁narrow ▁g orge ." ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁ste ep ▁can y on ▁walls ▁of ▁black ▁and ▁red ▁vol can ic ▁rock , ▁and ▁the ▁strange ▁mak al ani ▁pal ms ▁which ▁grows ▁from ▁the ▁pi ps ▁was hed ▁down ▁from ▁up stream . ▁Also ▁found ▁near ▁the ▁bank ▁are ▁" cl ay ▁castle " ▁form ations ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁grad ual ▁de position ▁and ▁er os ion ▁of ▁cl ay . ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Nam ib ia ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁Kun ene ▁Region <0x0A> </s> ▁Stefan ▁P ater ▁( born ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 1 |
9 6 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁German ▁football ▁forward . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : G erman ▁football ers ▁Category : B undes liga ▁players ▁Category : V f L ▁Bo ch um ▁players ▁Category : Ar min ia ▁B iele feld ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards <0x0A> </s> ▁I é na ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁station ▁on ▁Line ▁ 9 ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ▁M ét ro , ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁Avenue ▁d ' I é na . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁opened ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁with ▁the ▁extension ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁from ▁Tro c ad éro ▁to ▁Saint - August in . ▁I é na ▁is ▁the ▁French ▁name ▁of ▁J ena ▁where ▁the ▁Napoleon ' s ▁army ▁beat ▁Pr uss ia ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 6 ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁J ena . ▁Near by ▁are ▁the ▁Gu imet ▁Museum ▁( As ian ▁art ) ▁and ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁de ▁Tokyo ▁( cont empor ary ▁art ▁museum ). ▁ ▁Station ▁layout ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Par is ▁M ét ro ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁arr ondissement ▁of ▁Paris ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁northern ▁sen net , ▁S phy ra ena ▁bore alis , ▁is ▁an ▁ocean - going ▁species ▁of ▁fish ▁in ▁the ▁bar rac uda ▁family , ▁S |
phy ra en idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁zo ologist ▁James ▁Ell sw orth ▁De ▁Kay ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 2 . ▁De ▁Kay ' s ▁description ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁several ▁volumes ▁he ▁published ▁regarding ▁the ▁fa una ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁from ▁ 1 8 4 2 - 1 8 4 9 . ▁Northern ▁sen net ▁are ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁northern ▁bar rac uda . ▁While ▁generally ▁considered ▁a ▁game fish ▁it ▁has ▁only ▁rarely ▁been ▁used ▁as ▁food ▁by ▁humans . ▁ ▁Description ▁Like ▁other ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁S phy ra en idae , ▁northern ▁sen net ▁have ▁el ong ated ▁bodies , ▁pi ke - like ▁heads , ▁and ▁large ▁j aws . ▁The ▁lower ▁j aw ▁pro tr udes ▁slightly ▁from ▁the ▁upper ▁j aw , ▁both ▁of ▁which ▁contain ▁f ang - like ▁teeth . ▁They ▁have ▁two ▁d ors al ▁fins , ▁which ▁are ▁widely ▁separated ▁on ▁their ▁back s . ▁The ▁anterior ▁d ors al ▁fin ▁usually ▁poss esses ▁sp ines , ▁while ▁the ▁posterior ▁only ▁has ▁ray s . ▁Northern ▁sen net ▁have ▁ 2 4 ▁verte bra e . ▁They ▁also ▁have ▁five ▁or ▁six ▁sp ines ▁on ▁their ▁d ors al ▁fins ▁and ▁ 9 ▁ray s . ▁Their ▁anal ▁fins ▁have ▁only ▁two ▁sp ines ▁and ▁ 7 - 9 ▁ray s . ▁Northern ▁sen net ▁can ▁grow ▁to ▁be ▁up ▁to ▁ 4 6 cm ▁in ▁length , ▁but ▁they ▁are ▁generally ▁considered ▁the ▁smallest ▁of |
▁the ▁bar rac ud as ▁- ▁with ▁many ▁adult s ▁growing ▁to ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 ft ▁( 0 . 3 ▁m ) ▁in ▁length , ▁and ▁the ▁greatest ▁recorded ▁weight ▁being ▁only ▁ 0 . 9 3 kg . ▁ ▁Northern ▁sen net ▁are ▁o live - color ed , ▁d ors ally , ▁and ▁sil very - white ▁vent r ally . ▁They ▁also ▁have ▁several ▁dus ky ▁bl ot ches ▁along ▁their ▁later al ▁lines . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁and ▁habitat ▁ ▁Northern ▁sen net ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean . ▁Although ▁they ▁normally ▁occur ▁in ▁subt rop ical ▁clim ates ▁from ▁ 4 3 ° N ▁- ▁ 1 8 ° N ▁lat itudes , ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁from ▁Canada ▁and ▁Massachusetts ▁to ▁southern ▁Florida , ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Mexico , ▁where ▁they ▁are ▁generally ▁re ef ▁associated , ▁and ▁the ▁eastern ▁coast ▁of ▁Pan ama . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁at ▁Z ip code zo o ▁at ▁G MA . org ▁ ▁Category : S phy ra en idae ▁Category : F ish ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 2 <0x0A> </s> ▁Muhammad ▁Abd ▁Al - H al im ▁Ab u - G h az ala ▁( 1 9 3 0 – 2 0 0 8 ) ▁( م ح م د ▁ ع ب د ▁ال ح ل ي م ▁ أ ب و ▁ غ ز ال ه ) ▁was ▁Def ense ▁Minister ▁of ▁Egypt ▁from ▁ |
1 9 8 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ▁was ▁se ated ▁next ▁to ▁An war ▁Sad at ▁when ▁the ▁president ▁was ▁assass in ated . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Zu h ur ▁Al ▁Om ara ▁Village , ▁D iling at , ▁Be h era ▁governor ate , ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 3 0 . ▁His ▁family ▁desc ended ▁from ▁" A w lad ▁A ly " ▁tribe . ▁After ▁comple ting ▁his ▁secondary ▁education , ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁Royal ▁Military ▁Academy , ▁then ▁he ▁received ▁the ▁batt alion ▁command ▁di pl oma ▁from ▁St alin ▁Academy ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁He ▁also ▁graduated ▁from ▁N asser ▁Academy ▁for ▁higher ▁military ▁education ▁( C airo ▁ 1 9 6 1 ). ▁On ▁the ▁civil ian ▁studies ▁side , ▁he ▁received ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁commerce , ▁C airo ▁University . ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ▁received ▁the ▁di pl oma ▁of ▁honor ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁War ▁College ▁in ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁thus ▁being ▁the ▁first ▁non - American ▁to ▁receive ▁such ▁an ▁award . ▁ ▁Besides ▁his ▁native ▁Arab ic , ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ▁was ▁also ▁fl uent ▁in ▁fl uent ▁in ▁English , ▁French ▁and ▁Russian . ▁ ▁Career ▁Abd ▁al - H al im ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ▁did ▁not ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁Six - |
Day ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁serving ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Des ert . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁Second ▁Army ' s ▁art illery ▁commander ▁during ▁the ▁October ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁After ▁the ▁war ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Chief ▁of ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁Art illery ▁Corps . ▁Two ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁October ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁Sad at ▁appointed ▁him ▁as ▁a ▁military ▁att ache ▁in ▁Washington ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁There ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁non - American ▁military ▁to ▁receive ▁a ▁di pl oma ▁of ▁honor ▁from ▁the ▁Command ▁and ▁General ▁Staff ▁College ▁at ▁Carl is le ▁Bar ra cks . ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ale h ▁returned ▁to ▁C airo ▁three ▁years ▁later ▁as ▁Director ▁of ▁Military ▁Int elligence ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁Chief ▁of ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁two ▁days ▁later . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁Def ense ▁and ▁military ▁production , ▁A hm ad ▁B ada wi , ▁died ▁along ▁with ▁ 1 2 ▁senior ▁officers ▁in ▁a ▁hel ic opter ▁crash ▁on ▁ 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁An war ▁Sad at ▁appointed ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ▁minister ▁of ▁defense ▁and ▁military ▁production . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁before ▁An war ▁Sad at ▁was |
▁killed , ▁he ▁obtained ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁Field ▁Marsh al ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁involved ▁with ▁Gust ▁Av rak otos ▁and ▁Charlie ▁Wilson ▁in ▁supp lying ▁weapons ▁to ▁the ▁Afghan ▁M uj ah ide en ▁during ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Afghan ▁war . ▁The ▁C IA ▁bought ▁the ▁weapons ▁and ▁passed ▁them ▁through ▁Pakistan ' s ▁I SI ▁to ▁the ▁Afghan ▁re bel ▁groups . ▁Items ▁included ▁. 3 0 3 ▁am mo ▁for ▁Lee – En field ▁rif les , ▁lim pet ▁mines , ▁and ▁urban ▁terror ist ▁devices ▁like ▁b icy cle ▁bomb s . ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁rock ets ▁that ▁some ▁believe ▁was ▁the ▁K aty ush a . ▁ ▁Project ▁T ▁and ▁removal ▁The ▁project ▁T ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁tri - n ational ▁program ▁with ▁Argentina , ▁and ▁Ira q ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁two - stage ▁solid ▁and ▁liquid ▁prop ell ant ▁miss ile ▁with ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁. ▁This ▁program ▁was ▁referred ▁to ▁in ▁Argentina ▁as ▁the ▁Cond or ▁ 2 , ▁and ▁in ▁Ira q ▁as ▁the ▁B adr ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁Project ▁T ▁miss ile ▁is ▁a ▁Sc ud - B ▁variant , ▁whose ▁payload ▁was ▁probably ▁reduced ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁extend ▁its ▁range . ▁ ▁Egypt ian ▁president ▁M ub ar ak ▁removed ▁him ▁from ▁office ▁due ▁to ▁claims ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁miss ile - parts ▁illegal ▁import ▁sc andal ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁by ▁viol ating |
▁U . S . ▁export ▁laws . ▁The ▁USA ▁did ▁not ▁allow ▁export ing ▁certain ▁materials ▁used ▁for ▁making ▁miss ile ▁heads ▁to ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁military . ▁So ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁intelligence ▁under ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ' s ▁commands ▁managed ▁to ▁import ▁those ▁materials ▁indirect ly ▁though ▁Germany ▁in ▁a ▁highly ▁complicated ▁under cover ▁intelligence ▁mission , ▁until ▁the ▁F BI ▁found ▁out ▁about ▁the ▁mission ▁and ▁issued ▁arrest ▁war r ants ▁for ▁the ▁involved ▁Egypt ian ▁Int elligence ▁officers ▁and ▁an ▁involved ▁Egypt ian ▁miss ile ▁scient ist . ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁elections ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ▁was ▁briefly ▁rum ored ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁president ial ▁candidate ▁for ▁the ▁powerful ▁but ▁illegal ▁Muslim ▁Bro ther hood . ▁He ▁finally ▁did ▁not ▁run , ▁and ▁the ▁Muslim ▁Bro ther hood ▁did ▁not ▁field ▁a ▁candidate ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁cont ested ▁Egypt ian ▁president ial ▁elections . ▁The ▁Muslim ▁Bro ther hood ▁offered ▁him ▁to ▁run ▁as ▁their ▁president ial ▁candidate , ▁but ▁he ▁refused ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁different ▁ide ological ▁background s . ▁ ▁Field ▁Marsh al ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ale h ▁wrote ▁his ▁first ▁book ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁“ The ▁can n ons ▁were ▁launched ▁at ▁no on ▁.. ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁art illery ▁through ▁the ▁Ram ad an ▁War ”, ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁explained ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁art illery ▁in ▁the ▁October ▁War ▁and ▁revealed ▁his ▁views ▁and ▁his ▁military ▁doctrine ▁towards ▁Israel . |
▁ ▁Death ▁Ab u ▁Gh az ala ▁died ▁on ▁ 6 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁at ▁El - G alla ▁Military ▁Hospital ▁in ▁C airo ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 7 8 , ▁from ▁thro at ▁cancer . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Field ▁mar sh als ▁of ▁Egypt ▁Category : E gypt ian ▁Muslim s ▁Category : Free ▁Offic ers ▁Mov ement ▁Category : E gypt ian ▁gener als ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁cancer ▁in ▁Egypt ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁es oph age al ▁cancer ▁Category : Def ence ▁Minister s ▁of ▁Egypt ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Be he ira ▁Governor ate <0x0A> </s> ▁American ▁Id iot ▁is ▁a ▁s ung - through ▁rock ▁musical ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁concept ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁by ▁punk ▁rock ▁band ▁Green ▁Day . ▁After ▁a ▁run ▁at ▁the ▁Ber keley ▁Re pert ory ▁Theatre ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁show ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁St . ▁James ▁Theatre ▁on ▁Broadway . ▁Pre views ▁began ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁and ▁the ▁musical ▁officially ▁opened ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁show ▁closed ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁after ▁ 4 2 2 ▁performances . ▁While ▁Green ▁Day ▁did ▁not ▁appear ▁in ▁the ▁production |
, ▁vocal ist / gu itar ist ▁Bill ie ▁Joe ▁Arm strong ▁performed ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁" St . ▁Jimmy " ▁occasionally ▁throughout ▁the ▁run . ▁ ▁The ▁story , ▁expanded ▁from ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁album , ▁cent res ▁on ▁three ▁dis aff ected ▁young ▁men , ▁Johnny , ▁Will ▁and ▁Tun ny . ▁Johnny ▁and ▁Tun ny ▁fle e ▁a ▁st if ling ▁sub urban ▁l ifest yle ▁and ▁parent al ▁restrictions , ▁while ▁Will ▁stays ▁at ▁home ▁to ▁work ▁out ▁his ▁relationship ▁with ▁his ▁pre gn ant ▁girl friend , ▁He ather . ▁The ▁former ▁pair ▁look ▁for ▁meaning ▁in ▁life ▁and ▁try ▁out ▁the ▁freedom ▁and ▁excitement ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁Tun ny ▁quickly ▁gives ▁up ▁on ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁city , ▁joins ▁the ▁military ▁and ▁is ▁sh ipped ▁off ▁to ▁war . ▁Johnny ▁turns ▁to ▁dru gs ▁and ▁finds ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁himself ▁that ▁he ▁grows ▁to ▁dis like , ▁has ▁a ▁relationship ▁and ▁experiences ▁lost ▁love . ▁ ▁The ▁book ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Arm strong ▁and ▁director ▁Michael ▁May er . ▁The ▁music ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁Green ▁Day ▁and ▁the ▁lyr ics ▁were ▁by ▁Arm strong . ▁The ▁score ▁included ▁all ▁the ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁American ▁Id iot ▁album , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁additional ▁Green ▁Day ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁concept ▁album ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ▁Break down , ▁and ▁" When ▁It ' s ▁Time ", ▁a ▁song ▁originally ▁only ▁released ▁as ▁a ▁single ▁in ▁Britain . ▁ ▁The ▁musical ▁won |
▁two ▁Tony ▁Awards : ▁Best ▁Sc en ic ▁Design ▁of ▁a ▁Musical ▁for ▁Christ ine ▁Jones ▁and ▁Best ▁Light ing ▁Design ▁of ▁a ▁Musical ▁for ▁Kevin ▁Adams . ▁It ▁also ▁received ▁a ▁nom ination ▁for ▁Best ▁Musical . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁its ▁Broadway ▁cast ▁recording ▁won ▁a ▁Gram my ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Musical ▁Show ▁Album . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Set ▁in ▁the ▁recent ▁past , ▁the ▁musical ▁opens ▁with ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁sub urban ▁youth s ▁living ▁unh app ily ▁in ▁" J ing let own , ▁USA ". ▁Fed ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁union , ▁the ▁company ▁expl odes ▁in ▁fr ustration ▁during ▁the ▁song ▁" American ▁Id iot ". ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁youth s , ▁Johnny , ▁begins ▁to ▁tell ▁his ▁story ▁in ▁the ▁five - song ▁med ley ▁" J es us ▁of ▁Sub urb ia ", ▁he ▁tal ks ▁about ▁coming ▁from ▁a ▁broken ▁home ▁and ▁seem ing ▁to ▁be ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁He ▁soon ▁goes ▁to ▁comm iser ate ▁with ▁his ▁friend ▁Will , ▁and ▁a ▁third ▁friend , ▁Tun ny , ▁joins ▁the ▁two ▁at ▁Will ' s ▁house . ▁As ▁they ▁party ▁and ▁get ▁dr unk ▁they ▁soon ▁run ▁out ▁of ▁be er , ▁prompt ing ▁them ▁to ▁pick ▁up ▁more ▁at ▁the ▁local ▁ 7 - E le ven . ▁Tun ny ▁soon ▁ex poses ▁the ▁do - nothing ▁go - now here ▁quick s and ▁of ▁their ▁lives ▁in ▁the ▁" City ▁of ▁the ▁Dam ned ". |
▁Re alis ing ▁they ▁aren ' t ▁going ▁anywhere , ▁Johnny ▁challeng es ▁his ▁friends ▁to ▁start ▁car ing ▁about ▁their ▁lives ▁and ▁everything ▁around ▁them ▁(" I ▁Don ' t ▁Care "). ▁So on ▁Will ' s ▁girl friend , ▁He ather , ▁comes ▁into ▁the ▁story . ▁She ▁finds ▁out ▁that ▁she ▁will ▁have ▁a ▁baby ▁soon , ▁and ▁after ▁seeing ▁Will ▁getting ▁dr unk ▁and ▁high ▁with ▁his ▁friends ▁she ▁feels ▁that ▁she ▁can ' t ▁get ▁through ▁to ▁him ▁in ▁" D ear ly ▁Bel oved ". ▁Johnny ▁bor rows ▁money ▁and ▁bu ys ▁bus ▁tick ets ▁to ▁the ▁city ▁for ▁the ▁three ▁young ▁men , ▁eager ▁to ▁escape ▁sub urb ia . ▁Before ▁the ▁boys ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁leave , ▁He ather ▁tells ▁Will ▁of ▁her ▁pre gn ancy . ▁With ▁no ▁other ▁choice , ▁he ▁tells ▁his ▁friends ▁he ▁must ▁stay ▁at ▁home ▁in ▁" T ales ▁of ▁Another ▁Bro ken ▁Home ". ▁Johnny ▁and ▁Tun ny ▁soon ▁depart ▁for ▁the ▁city ▁with ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁other ▁j aded ▁youth s ▁(" H olid ay "). ▁ ▁While ▁Johnny ▁wand ers ▁the ▁city ▁alone , ▁he ▁p ines ▁for ▁a ▁woman ▁he ▁sees ▁in ▁an ▁a partment ▁window . ▁Johnny ' s ▁dream s ▁and ▁expect ations ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁have ▁fallen ▁short ▁so ▁far ▁as ▁he ▁s ings ▁" B ou lev ard ▁of ▁Bro ken ▁Dream s ". ▁While ▁Tun ny ▁finds ▁it ▁hard ▁to ▁adjust ▁to ▁urban ▁life , ▁he ▁sp ends ▁his ▁time |
▁watching ▁television ▁and ▁is ▁s edu ced ▁by ▁America ' s ▁favour ite ▁son , ▁the ▁all - American ▁sex ▁symbol ▁who ▁everyone ▁wants ▁to ▁be . ▁He ▁is ▁slowly ▁convinced ▁that ▁the ▁favour ite ▁son ▁is ▁everything ▁he ▁wants ▁to ▁be ▁as ▁well . ▁(" F avor ite ▁Son "). ▁With ▁stars ▁in ▁his ▁eyes ▁from ▁F avor ite ▁Son ▁Tun ny ▁real ises ▁that ▁his ▁generation ▁has ▁been ▁so ▁num bed ▁and ▁a path etic ▁that ▁nothing , ▁not ▁even ▁the ▁bright ▁lights ▁of ▁the ▁city , ▁will ▁ex cite ▁him . ▁In ▁the ▁song ▁" Are ▁We ▁the ▁Wait ing ", ▁Tun ny ▁en lists ▁in ▁the ▁army ▁and ▁is ▁sh ipped ▁off . ▁ ▁Back ▁in ▁the ▁city , ▁a ▁fr ustr ated ▁Johnny ▁manifest s ▁a ▁reb elli ous ▁drug - de aling ▁alter ▁e go ▁called ▁St . ▁Jimmy . ▁Johnny ▁takes ▁party ▁dru gs ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁during ▁the ▁song ▁" St . ▁Jimmy ". ▁His ▁new - found ▁courage ▁thanks ▁to ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁and ▁the ▁dru gs ▁allow ▁Johnny ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁successful ▁move ▁on ▁the ▁girl ▁in ▁the ▁window . ▁Back ▁in ▁J ing let own , ▁Will ▁s its ▁on ▁the ▁c ouch ▁as ▁his ▁girl friend ' s ▁pre gn ancy ▁progress es . ▁He ▁drink s ▁be er ▁and ▁beg s ▁for ▁a ▁release . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Tun ny ▁is ▁deployed ▁to ▁a ▁war ▁zone , ▁and ▁is ▁soon ▁shot ▁and ▁wounded . ▁Will ▁and ▁Tun ny ▁sing ▁" |
G ive ▁Me ▁Nov ac aine " ▁as ▁they ▁are ▁both ▁in ▁need ▁of ▁a ▁pain ▁rel ie ver ▁in ▁their ▁current ▁pred ic aments . ▁ ▁Two ▁weeks ▁later , ▁Johnny ▁adm its ▁he ▁has ▁inject ed ▁hero in ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁and ▁sp ends ▁the ▁night ▁with ▁the ▁girl ▁he ▁saw ▁in ▁the ▁window , ▁whom ▁he ▁calls ▁" What ser name ". ▁Johnny ▁is ▁sm itten ▁with ▁What ser name ▁and ▁wants ▁to ▁celebr ate , ▁but ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁has ▁other ▁plans ▁for ▁them ▁in ▁" Last ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Girls / She ' s ▁a ▁Reb el " ▁where ▁Johnny ▁and ▁What ser name ▁go ▁to ▁a ▁club ▁together . ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁hands ▁Johnny ▁hero in ▁and ▁he ▁press ures ▁What ser name ▁into ▁inject ing ▁with ▁him . ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁sets ▁the ▁m ood , ▁What ser name ▁express es ▁her ▁trust ▁in ▁Johnny , ▁and ▁He ather ▁p led ges ▁her ▁love ▁to ▁her ▁new born ▁baby ▁in ▁" Last ▁Night ▁on ▁Earth ". ▁ ▁Will ▁is ▁increasing ly ▁neglect ful ▁as ▁He ather ▁tender ly ▁commits ▁herself ▁to ▁her ▁baby ' s ▁future . ▁He ather ▁has ▁had ▁enough ▁of ▁Will ' s ▁pot - and - al co hol - f uel led ▁a path y . ▁Despite ▁Will ' s ▁protest ations , ▁she ▁takes ▁the ▁baby ▁and ▁wal ks ▁out ▁(" To o ▁Much , ▁To o ▁So on "). ▁At ▁around ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁lying ▁in ▁a |
▁bed ▁in ▁an ▁army ▁hospital ▁(" Before ▁the ▁Lob ot omy "), ▁Tun ny ▁falls ▁victim ▁to ▁the ▁hop eless ness ▁he ▁has ▁seen ▁during ▁w art ime ▁and ▁hall uc in ates . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁nur se ▁eng age ▁in ▁a ▁bal let ic ▁aer ial ▁dance ▁(" Extra ordinary ▁Girl "). ▁He ▁quickly ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁her . ▁His ▁hall uc ination ▁disapp ears , ▁and ▁he ' s ▁left ▁with ▁his ▁fellow ▁soldiers ▁in ▁ag ony ▁(" Before ▁the ▁Lob ot omy ▁( Re prise ) "). ▁ ▁Back ▁in ▁the ▁city , ▁Johnny ▁reve als ▁the ▁depth ▁of ▁his ▁love ▁for ▁What ser name ▁as ▁she ▁sle eps ▁(" When ▁It ' s ▁Time "). ▁The ▁tempt ation ▁of ▁dru gs , ▁however , ▁is ▁too ▁great ; ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁forces ▁Johnny ▁to ▁become ▁increasing ly ▁err atic , ▁and ▁he ▁eventually ▁threat ens ▁What ser name ▁( and ▁then ▁himself ) ▁with ▁a ▁kn ife ▁(" K now ▁Your ▁En emy "). ▁What ser name ▁attempts ▁to ▁talk ▁about ▁Johnny ' s ▁behaviour , ▁while ▁the ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl ▁dress es ▁Tun ny ' s ▁w ounds ▁and ▁He ather ▁and ▁her ▁baby ▁are ▁far ▁away ▁from ▁Will ▁who ▁s its ▁on ▁the ▁c ouch , ▁once ▁again ▁alone ▁(" 2 1 ▁G uns "). ▁Johnny ▁leaves ▁a ▁note ▁for ▁What ser name , ▁saying ▁he ▁has ▁chosen ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁and ▁dru gs ▁over ▁her . ▁An gry ▁and ▁done , ▁What ser |
name ▁tells ▁Johnny ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁" J es us ▁of ▁Sub urb ia " ▁and ▁reve als ▁that ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁is ▁nothing ▁more ▁than ▁" a ▁fig ment ▁of ▁[ his ] ▁father ' s ▁ra ge ▁and ▁[ his ] ▁mother ' s ▁love " ▁(" Let ter b omb "). ▁She ▁leaves ▁him ▁and ▁his ▁unw illing ness ▁to ▁acknow ledge ▁his ▁issues ▁behind . ▁ ▁H urt ▁by ▁What ser name ' s ▁departure , ▁Johnny ▁long s ▁for ▁better ▁days ▁ahead , ▁Tun ny ▁long s ▁for ▁home , ▁and ▁Will ▁long s ▁for ▁all ▁the ▁things ▁he ' s ▁lost ▁(" W ake ▁Me ▁Up ▁When ▁September ▁End s "). ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁appears ▁and ▁makes ▁one ▁last ▁attempt ▁to ▁get ▁Johnny ' s ▁attention , ▁but ▁Johnny ▁has ▁made ▁the ▁conscious ▁decision ▁to ▁end ▁his ▁self ▁destruction , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁met ap hor ical ▁suic ide ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁(" The ▁Death ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy "). ▁Johnny ▁cle ans ▁up ▁and ▁gets ▁a ▁des k ▁job ▁but ▁soon ▁real ises ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁place ▁for ▁him ▁there ▁or ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁(" E ast ▁ 1 2 th ▁Street "). ▁Will , ▁all ▁alone ▁with ▁his ▁television , ▁bem o ans ▁his ▁out cast ▁state ▁(" N ob ody ▁L ikes ▁You "). ▁Will ▁imag ines ▁He ather ▁appearing ▁with ▁her ▁new ▁show - off ▁rock star ▁boy friend ▁who ▁is ▁much ▁cool er ▁than ▁Will ▁(" R ock ▁and |
▁Roll ▁Girl friend "). ▁S ick ▁of ▁stay ing ▁on ▁his ▁c ouch , ▁Will ▁heads ▁to ▁the ▁ 7 - E le ven ▁and , ▁surprising ly , ▁finds ▁Johnny ▁there . ▁Johnny ▁had ▁sold ▁his ▁guitar ▁for ▁a ▁bus ▁ticket ▁home . ▁Tun ny ▁returns ▁from ▁the ▁war ▁zone ▁( as ▁an ▁am put ee ) ▁with ▁the ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl . ▁As ▁Tun ny ▁introdu ces ▁his ▁friends ▁to ▁the ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl , ▁Johnny ▁becomes ▁fur ious ▁with ▁him ▁for ▁leaving ▁the ▁group , ▁but ▁quickly ▁forg ives ▁him ▁and ▁the ▁three ▁friends ▁em brace . ▁He ather ▁and ▁her ▁rock star ▁boy friend ▁arrive ▁in ▁style . ▁In ▁an ▁une asy ▁tr uce , ▁she ▁gives ▁the ▁baby ▁to ▁Will . ▁Other ▁friends ▁show ▁up ▁to ▁gre et ▁the ▁three ▁men ▁they ▁haven ' t ▁seen ▁in ▁a ▁year ▁(" We ' re ▁Com ing ▁Home ▁Again "). ▁One ▁year ▁later , ▁Johnny ▁l aments ▁that ▁he ▁lost ▁the ▁love ▁of ▁his ▁life , ▁but ▁he ▁accepts ▁that ▁he ▁can ▁live ▁inside ▁the ▁struggle ▁between ▁ra ge ▁and ▁love ▁that ▁has ▁defined ▁his ▁life . ▁With ▁this ▁accept ance ▁comes ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁hope ▁(" What ser name "). ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁cast ▁takes ▁their ▁b ows , ▁the ▁cur tain ▁r ises ▁to ▁reve al ▁the ▁entire ▁company ▁with ▁gu it ars , ▁and ▁they ▁perform ▁" Good ▁R idd ance ▁( Time ▁of ▁Your ▁Life ) ". ▁Each ▁performance ▁of ▁this ▁song ▁was ▁recorded |
▁and ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁audience ▁as ▁a ▁free ▁digital ▁download . ▁ ▁Char acters ▁and ▁cast ▁members ▁The ▁principal ▁cast ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁produ ctions ▁of ▁American ▁Id iot . ▁ ▁Background ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Green ▁Day ▁released ▁the ▁album ▁Warning . ▁Village ▁Vo ice ▁music ▁critic ▁Robert ▁Christ g au ▁compared ▁Warning ▁to ▁the ▁band ' s ▁previous ▁album ▁( N im rod ), ▁and ▁noted ▁that ▁"[ B ill ie ▁Joe ▁Arm strong ▁is ] ▁abandon ing ▁the ▁first ▁person . ▁He ' s ▁assuming ▁fict ional ▁personas . ▁And ▁he ' s ▁creating ▁for ▁himself ▁the ▁voice ▁of ▁a ▁thinking ▁left - li ber al ." ▁Christ g au ▁also ▁detected ▁" a ▁faint ▁wh iff " ▁of ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁the ▁the atr ical ▁composer / ly ric ist ▁team ▁of ▁Kurt ▁We ill ▁and ▁Bert olt ▁Bre cht . ▁The ▁tr end ▁of ▁writing ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁person ▁came ▁to ▁f ru ition ▁with ▁Green ▁Day ' s ▁next ▁studio ▁album , ▁American ▁Id iot ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁The ▁first ▁new ▁song ▁Green ▁Day ▁wrote ▁was ▁the ▁single ▁" American ▁Id iot ". ▁ ▁One ▁day , ▁bass ist ▁Mike ▁Dir nt ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁recording ▁a ▁ 3 0 - second ▁song ▁by ▁himself . ▁Arm strong ▁decided ▁that ▁he ▁wanted ▁to ▁do ▁the ▁same , ▁and ▁drum mer ▁Tr é ▁C ool ▁followed ▁suit . ▁Arm strong ▁re called , ▁" It ▁started ▁getting ▁more ▁serious |
▁as ▁we ▁tried ▁to ▁out do ▁one ▁another . ▁We ▁kept ▁connecting ▁these ▁little ▁half - min ute ▁bits ▁until ▁we ▁had ▁something ." ▁This ▁musical ▁suite ▁became ▁" Home coming ", ▁and ▁the ▁group ▁subsequently ▁wrote ▁another ▁suite , ▁" J es us ▁of ▁Sub urb ia ". ▁ ▁Green ▁Day ▁made ▁the ▁record ▁an ▁album - long ▁concept ual ▁piece ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁real ities ▁of ▁the ▁post - 9 / 1 1 ▁era . ▁The ▁band ▁took ▁insp iration ▁from ▁the ▁concept ▁records ▁by ▁The ▁Who , ▁sources ▁in ▁the ▁musical ▁the ater ▁re per toire ▁like ▁The ▁Rock y ▁Hor ror ▁Show ▁and ▁West ▁Side ▁Story , ▁and ▁the ▁concept ▁album - come - stage ▁musical ▁Jesus ▁Christ ▁Super star . ▁Arm strong ▁also ▁said ▁the ▁band ▁intended ▁" that ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁st aged ▁or ▁we ' d ▁create ▁a ▁film ▁or ▁something ... ▁we ▁were ▁thinking ▁in ▁terms ▁that ▁it ▁kind ▁of ▁felt ▁like ▁scoring ▁a ▁movie ." ▁ ▁Director ▁Michael ▁May er ▁heard ▁the ▁album ▁and ▁expressed ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁adapt ing ▁it ▁for ▁the ▁stage . ▁When ▁he ▁approached ▁the ▁band ▁regarding ▁a ▁collaboration , ▁they ▁agreed ▁to ▁work ▁with ▁him . ▁The ▁band ▁also ▁gave ▁May er ▁a ▁wide ▁latitude ▁for ▁his ▁adaptation ▁after ▁seeing ▁his ▁earlier ▁work ▁in ▁Spring ▁Aw ak ening . ▁Though ▁additional ▁songs ▁were ▁included ▁from ▁the ▁Green ▁Day ▁catalog ue , ▁May er ▁added ▁very ▁little ▁dialog ue ▁to ▁the ▁show . ▁He ▁felt ▁instead ▁that |
▁the ▁music ▁and ▁lyr ics ▁were ▁express ive ▁enough ▁on ▁their ▁own , ▁and ▁even ▁removed ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁dialog ue ▁that ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ber keley ▁production ▁before ▁the ▁show ▁moved ▁to ▁Broadway . ▁ ▁Production ▁history ▁ ▁Ber keley ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁The ▁musical ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁Ber keley ▁Re pert ory ▁Theatre . ▁Pre views ▁began ▁on ▁September ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁the ▁official ▁opening ▁was ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁After ▁becoming ▁the ▁top - g ross ing ▁show ▁in ▁the ▁theatre ' s ▁history , ▁the ▁produ cers ▁extended ▁the ▁limited ▁run ▁twice ▁to ▁November ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁The ▁cast ▁included ▁John ▁Gall ag her ▁Jr . ▁as ▁Johnny , ▁Matt ▁Cap lan ▁as ▁Tun ny , ▁Michael ▁Es per ▁as ▁Will , ▁Tony ▁Vincent ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁Reb e cca ▁Na omi ▁Jones ▁as ▁What ser name , ▁Mary ▁Fab er ▁as ▁He ather , ▁and ▁Christ ina ▁S aj ous ▁as ▁the ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl . ▁ ▁Broadway ▁( 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 1 ) ▁The ▁musical ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁St . ▁James ▁Theatre ▁on ▁Broadway , ▁with ▁pre views ▁beginning ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁It ▁officially ▁opened ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁cast ▁for ▁the ▁Ber keley ▁Re |
pert ory ▁production ▁was ▁retained ▁for ▁the ▁Broadway ▁production , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁Cap lan , ▁who ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁St ark ▁S ands . ▁It ▁was ▁rum ored ▁that ▁the ▁show ▁cost ▁between ▁$ 8 ▁million ▁and ▁$ 1 0 ▁million ▁to ▁produce . ▁After ▁six ▁months ▁of ▁performances , ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁" st ill ▁a ▁ways ▁off ▁from ▁possibly ▁turning ▁a ▁profit " ▁according ▁to ▁a ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁report . ▁As ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁promotion ▁for ▁the ▁show , ▁the ▁cast ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁Gram my ▁Awards ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁with ▁Green ▁Day . ▁ ▁Tom ▁K itt ▁was ▁the ▁music ▁super visor ▁and ▁orch estr ator ▁for ▁both ▁the ▁Ber keley ▁and ▁Broadway ▁produ ctions . ▁The ▁lead ▁produ cers ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁were ▁Ira ▁P ittel man ▁and ▁Tom ▁H ul ce . ▁V ive k ▁T iw ary ▁was ▁another ▁producer . ▁The ▁cre ative ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁largely ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁for ▁the ▁musical ▁adaptation ▁of ▁Spring ▁Aw ak ening : ▁director ▁Michael ▁May er , ▁scen ic ▁designer ▁Christ ine ▁Jones ▁and ▁light ing ▁designer ▁Kevin ▁Adams . ▁Steven ▁Hog get t ▁was ▁the ▁ch ore ograph er , ▁Andrea ▁L auer ▁was ▁the ▁cost ume ▁designer ▁and ▁Brian ▁Ron an ▁was ▁the ▁sound ▁designer . ▁ ▁Green ▁Day ' s ▁Bill ie ▁Joe ▁Arm strong ▁played ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁from ▁September ▁ 2 8 ▁to ▁October ▁ |
3 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁T icket ▁sales ▁for ▁the ▁week ▁Arm strong ▁performed ▁were ▁up ▁ 7 7 %, ▁average ▁ticket ▁prices ▁increased ▁ 2 2 %, ▁and ▁gross ▁sales ▁increased ▁ 1 2 7 % ▁from ▁the ▁previous ▁week ' s ▁tot als . ▁The ▁singer - song writer ▁filled ▁in ▁for ▁Tony ▁Vincent ▁who ▁took ▁time ▁off ▁for ▁personal ▁matters . ▁Arm strong ▁made ▁another ▁ 5 0 ▁appearances ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁between ▁January ▁ 1 ▁and ▁February ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Mel issa ▁E ther idge ▁played ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁on ▁Broadway ▁from ▁February ▁ 1 – 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁Dave y ▁Hav ok ▁took ▁the ▁role ▁from ▁March ▁ 1 – 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Following ▁Arm strong ' s ▁departure ▁from ▁the ▁cast , ▁the ▁show ▁experienced ▁weak ▁sales . ▁The ▁Broadway ▁production ▁closed ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁after ▁ 2 7 ▁pre views ▁and ▁ 4 2 1 ▁performances . ▁Arm strong ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁three ▁weeks . ▁The ▁show ' s ▁cast ▁recording ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Gram my ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Musical ▁Show ▁Album . ▁ ▁International ▁Tour ▁( 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 4 ) ▁American ▁Id iot ▁tou red ▁North ▁America ▁beginning ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 |
8 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁The ▁original ▁national ▁tour ▁cast ▁included ▁Van ▁Hugh es ▁repr ising ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁Johnny , ▁J ake ▁Ep stein ▁as ▁Will , ▁Scott ▁J . ▁Campbell ▁as ▁Tun ny , ▁Les lie ▁Mc Don el ▁as ▁He ather , ▁Gab ri elle ▁Mc Cl inton ▁as ▁What ser name , ▁Nic ci ▁Cl asp ell ▁as ▁The ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl , ▁and ▁Broadway ▁al umn us ▁Josh ua ▁Kob ak ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy . ▁The ▁tour ▁closed ▁on ▁July ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁at ▁the ▁Or phe um ▁Theatre ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁California . ▁A ▁non - Equ ity ▁second ▁U . S . ▁tour ▁launched ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁A ▁UK ▁and ▁Ireland ▁tour ▁visited ▁Manchester , ▁South am pton , ▁Card iff , ▁Edinburgh , ▁Glasgow , ▁Dublin , ▁B irmingham ▁and ▁London ▁later ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁The ▁cast ▁included ▁Alex ▁Ne e ▁as ▁Johnny , ▁Case y ▁O ' F ar rell ▁as ▁Will , ▁Thomas ▁Het tr ick ▁as ▁Tun ny , ▁Kennedy ▁C augh ell ▁as ▁He ather , ▁A ly ss a ▁Di Pal ma ▁as ▁What ser name , ▁Jen na ▁Rub ai i ▁as ▁The ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl , ▁and ▁Tr ent ▁Sau nd ers ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy . ▁It ▁started ▁on ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ |
2 0 1 2 ▁in ▁South am pton ▁and ▁ended ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁at ▁H M V ▁Hamm ers m ith ▁Apol lo ▁in ▁London . ▁A ▁second ▁US ▁tour ▁began ▁performances ▁in ▁Nor folk , ▁Virginia ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁with ▁the ▁UK ▁tour ing ▁cast . ▁It ▁ended ▁Las ▁Veg as , ▁Nev ada ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁American ▁Id iot ▁made ▁its ▁debut ▁in ▁Tokyo , ▁Japan , ▁and ▁a ▁few ▁weeks ▁later ▁on ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁it ▁made ▁its ▁South ▁Korean ▁debut ▁in ▁Se oul . ▁Se an ▁Michael ▁Murray ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Johnny , ▁Maria h ▁Mac F ar lane ▁took ▁over ▁as ▁He ather , ▁and ▁Daniel ▁C . ▁Jackson ▁took ▁over ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy . ▁ ▁A ▁non - Equ ity ▁third ▁US ▁national ▁tour ▁cast ▁included ▁J ared ▁Ne put e ▁as ▁Johnny , ▁Case y ▁O ' F ar rell ▁as ▁Will , ▁Dan ▁T racy ▁as ▁Tun ny , ▁Maria h ▁Mac F ar lane ▁as ▁He ather , ▁Oliv ia ▁P uck ett ▁as ▁What ser name , ▁Taylor ▁Jones ▁as ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl , ▁and ▁Daniel ▁C . ▁Jackson ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Car son ▁H igg ins |
, ▁who ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁non - equ ity / UK ▁tour , ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁after ▁Daniel ▁C . ▁Jackson ▁left ▁the ▁show . ▁The ▁tour ▁ended ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Mal m ö ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁American ▁Id i ots ▁Sc and in av ian ▁premi ere ▁at ▁the ▁Mal m ö ▁Opera ▁from ▁February ▁to ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁was ▁a ▁new ▁production ▁of ▁the ▁musical . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁official ▁production ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁directed ▁by ▁Michael ▁May er . ▁The ▁songs ▁were ▁performed ▁in ▁English ▁but ▁the ▁dialog ue ▁was ▁spoken ▁in ▁Swedish . ▁ ▁West ▁End ▁( 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁A ▁production ▁opened ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁at ▁the ▁Arts ▁Theatre ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁End . ▁The ▁cast ▁includes ▁Am elia ▁L ily ▁as ▁What ser name , ▁A aron ▁Sid well ▁as ▁Johnny , ▁Alex is ▁Ger red ▁as ▁Tun ny , ▁Steve ▁Rus ht on ▁as ▁Will ▁and ▁Lucas ▁R ush ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁The ▁show ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁S ell ▁a ▁Do or ▁Theatre ▁Company ▁and ▁directed ▁and ▁Ch ore ograph ed ▁by ▁R ack y ▁Ple ws ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁announced ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁that ▁the ▁production ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Arts ▁Theatre ▁for ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 |
1 6 ▁after ▁a ▁UK ▁tour ▁con cluding ▁in ▁B elf ast ▁in ▁early ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁Matt ▁Thor pe ▁played ▁Johnny ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁tour ▁until ▁Newton ▁Fa ulk ner ▁became ▁available . ▁In ▁the ▁West ▁End , ▁Newton ▁Fa ulk ner ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁Johnny . ▁Matt ▁Thor pe ▁made ▁a ▁few ▁further ▁guest ▁appearances ▁as ▁Johnny ▁before ▁taking ▁over ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Will ▁from ▁Steve ▁Rus ht on . ▁ ▁San ▁Jose ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁A ▁production ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁San ▁Jose ▁by ▁City ▁L ights ▁Theatre ▁Company . ▁It ▁ran ▁from ▁July ▁ 1 4 ▁to ▁August ▁ 2 1 , ▁but ▁was ▁extended ▁by ▁an ▁extra ▁week . ▁ ▁V ancouver ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁A ▁production ▁by ▁Fight ing ▁Ch ance ▁Produ ctions ▁ran ▁from ▁July ▁ 2 8 ▁to ▁August ▁ 2 7 ▁alongside ▁the ▁theatre ▁company ' s ▁production ▁of ▁He athers ▁at ▁Gran ville ▁Island ' s ▁Water front ▁Theatre . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁Western ▁Canadian ▁premi ere ▁of ▁American ▁Id iot . ▁ ▁Br is b ane ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁American ▁Id iot ▁had ▁its ▁Australian ▁debut ▁at ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Perform ing ▁Arts ▁Centre ▁from ▁February ▁ 2 3 ▁to ▁March ▁ 1 2 . ▁The ▁role ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁was ▁shared ▁between ▁Australian ▁rock ▁mus icians ▁Chris ▁Chen ey ▁( The ▁Living ▁End ), ▁and ▁Phil ▁Jam ies on ▁( Gr in sp oon ). ▁ |
▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁A ▁production ▁will ▁open ▁in ▁Buenos ▁Aires , ▁Argentina ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁through ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁eight ▁weeks . ▁All ▁the ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁musical ▁will ▁be ▁adapted ▁to ▁Spanish ▁with ▁a ▁few ▁selected ▁dates ▁on ▁its ▁original ▁language . ▁ ▁C open hagen ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁A ▁production ▁will ▁open ▁in ▁C open hagen , ▁Den mark ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁through ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁seven ▁weeks . ▁ ▁Frankfurt ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁first ▁German ▁production ▁of ▁American ▁Id iot ▁opened ▁at ▁the ▁ren owned ▁rock ▁concert ▁ven ue ▁Bat sch k app ▁in ▁Frankfurt . ▁The ▁production , ▁which ▁is ▁mounted ▁by ▁the ▁startup ▁company ▁Off - Mus ical ▁Frankfurt , ▁is ▁directed ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Hel mut ▁He ep . ▁The ▁cre ative ▁team ▁also ▁consists ▁of ▁Ludwig ▁Mond ▁( ch ore ograph er ) ▁and ▁Dean ▁Wil ming ton ▁( mus ical ▁director ). ▁The ▁lyr ics ▁were ▁translated ▁into ▁German ▁by ▁Tit us ▁Hoff mann . ▁The ▁production ▁gar ner ed ▁positive ▁reviews , ▁with ▁J ens ▁Als bach ▁from ▁Musical zent rale ▁saying ▁that ▁it ▁" sets ▁new ▁standards ▁for ▁musical ▁theatre ▁in ▁Germany ." ▁ ▁Australian ▁Tour ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁Following ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁musical ' s ▁ 2 0 1 |
7 ▁run ▁in ▁Br is b ane , ▁it ▁returned ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁season ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁tour ing ▁around ▁Australia . ▁Perform ances ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁Ad ela ide , ▁Per th ▁and ▁Melbourne , ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁Br is b ane , ▁and ▁then ▁ending ▁in ▁Dar win . ▁The ▁role ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁was ▁shared ▁between ▁Australian ▁rock ▁mus icians ▁Phil ▁Jam ies on ▁( Gr in sp oon ), ▁Sarah ▁Mc Le od ▁( The ▁Super jes us ) ▁and ▁Ad al ita ▁S rs en ▁( Mag ic ▁D irt ). ▁ ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro ▁( T BA ) ▁A ▁production ▁will ▁open ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro . ▁First ▁announced ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁it ▁currently ▁has ▁no ▁release ▁date . ▁ ▁São ▁Paulo ▁( T BA ) ▁A ▁production ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁debut ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Mor rist own , ▁N J ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁From ▁February ▁ 8 ▁through ▁February ▁ 1 7 , ▁En core ▁The atr ical ▁Company ▁presented ▁a ▁limited ▁ 6 ▁show ▁eng agement ; ▁the ▁production ▁was ▁ha iled ▁by ▁aud ien ces ▁and ▁critics ▁al ike ▁and ▁featured ▁aer ial ▁sequences ▁st aged ▁by ▁Jason ▁Wh icker ▁( a er ial ▁ch ore ograph er ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁Ber keley ▁Rep ▁production ) ▁and ▁On ▁the ▁Fly ▁Produ ctions . ▁ ▁UK ▁( 2 0 |
1 9 ) ▁The ▁ 1 0 th ▁anni versary ▁tour ▁was ▁planned ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁The ▁cast ▁includes ▁Tom ▁Mil ner ▁as ▁Johnny , ▁Josh ua ▁Dow den ▁as ▁Tun ny , ▁Samuel ▁Pope ▁as ▁Will , ▁Luke ▁Friend ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁Sam ▁La very ▁as ▁What ser name . ▁The ▁tour ▁wrapped ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Musical ▁numbers ▁The ▁show ▁features ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁American ▁Id iot , ▁some ▁b - s ides ▁from ▁the ▁American ▁Id iot ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁G uns ▁single ' s ▁and ▁a ▁few ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁from ▁Green ▁Day ' s ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ▁Break down . ▁The ▁show ▁also ▁features ▁an ▁on stage ▁band . ▁▁ ▁" American ▁Id iot " – ▁Company ▁ ▁" J es us ▁of ▁Sub urb ia " ▁ ▁" J es us ▁of ▁Sub urb ia " – ▁Johnny ▁and ▁Will ▁ ▁" City ▁of ▁the ▁Dam ned " – ▁Tun ny , ▁Johnny , ▁Will , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" I ▁Don ' t ▁Care " – ▁Johnny , ▁Will , ▁Tun ny , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" D ear ly ▁Bel oved " – ▁He ather ▁& ▁Men ▁ ▁" T ales ▁of ▁Another ▁Bro ken ▁Home " – ▁Johnny , ▁Will , ▁Tun ny , ▁He ather , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" H olid ay " – ▁Johnny |
, ▁Tun ny , ▁The o , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" B ou lev ard ▁of ▁Bro ken ▁Dream s " – ▁Johnny , ▁What ser name , ▁Tun ny , ▁& ▁Men ▁ ▁" F avor ite ▁Son " – ▁F avor ite ▁Son ▁& ▁Women ▁ ▁" Are ▁We ▁the ▁Wait ing " – ▁Tun ny , ▁F avor ite ▁Son , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" St . ▁Jimmy " – ▁Johnny , ▁Dec lan , ▁The o , ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" G ive ▁Me ▁Nov ac aine " – ▁Will , ▁Tun ny , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" Last ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Girls / She ' s ▁a ▁Reb el " – ▁Johnny , ▁What ser name , ▁Ger ard , ▁Ch ase , ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" Last ▁Night ▁on ▁Earth " – ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁What ser name , ▁He ather , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" To o ▁Much ▁To o ▁So on " – ▁The o , ▁A ly sha , ▁Will , ▁& ▁He ather ▁ ▁" Before ▁the ▁Lob ot omy " – ▁Tun ny , ▁Josh ua , ▁Ben , ▁& ▁Ch ase ▁ ▁" Extra ordinary ▁Girl " – ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl , ▁Tun ny , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" Before ▁the ▁Lob ot omy ▁( Re prise )" – ▁Tun ny , ▁Josh ua , ▁Ben , ▁& ▁Ch ase |
▁ ▁" When ▁It ' s ▁Time " – ▁Johnny ▁ ▁" K now ▁Your ▁En emy " – ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁Will , ▁Johnny , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" 2 1 ▁G uns " – ▁What ser name , ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Girl , ▁He ather , ▁Tun ny , ▁Johnny , ▁Will , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" Let ter b omb " – ▁What ser name ▁& ▁Women ▁ ▁" W ake ▁Me ▁Up ▁When ▁September ▁End s " – ▁Johnny , ▁Will , ▁Tun ny , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" Home coming " ▁ ▁" The ▁Death ▁of ▁St . ▁Jimmy " – ▁St . ▁Jimmy ▁& ▁Johnny ▁ ▁" E ast ▁ 1 2 th ▁St ." – ▁Johnny , ▁The o , ▁Ger ard , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" N ob ody ▁L ikes ▁You " – ▁Will ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" R ock ▁and ▁Roll ▁Girl friend " – ▁He ather , ▁Will , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" We ' re ▁Com ing ▁Home ▁Again " – ▁Johnny , ▁Tun ny , ▁Will , ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" What ser name " – ▁Johnny ▁& ▁Company ▁ ▁" Good ▁R idd ance ▁( Time ▁of ▁Your ▁Life )" – ▁Company ▁( Cur tain ▁call ) ▁ ▁Green ▁Day ▁re - re leased ▁the ▁single ▁" 2 1 ▁G uns " ▁with ▁the ▁musical ▁cast ▁on ▁Sp inner . com ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 , |
▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁This ▁version ▁features ▁Bill ie ▁Joe ▁Arm strong , ▁together ▁with ▁Christ ina ▁S aj ous , ▁Reb e cca ▁Na omi ▁Jones , ▁Mary ▁Fab er , ▁and ▁St ark ▁S ands , ▁with ▁back - up ▁from ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁American ▁Id iot ▁cast . ▁Another ▁version ▁was ▁released ▁with ▁John ▁Gall ag her ▁Jr ., ▁Michael ▁Es per , ▁and ▁S ands ▁singing ▁the ▁parts ▁that ▁Arm strong ▁had ▁previously ▁s ung . ▁Green ▁Day ▁and ▁the ▁cast ▁of ▁the ▁musical ▁also ▁performed ▁the ▁song ▁at ▁the ▁ 5 2 nd ▁Ann ual ▁Gram my ▁Awards ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁cast ▁recording ▁of ▁the ▁musical ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁cast ▁album ▁includes ▁all ▁the ▁songs ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁musical ▁plus ▁a ▁brand ▁new ▁recording ▁of ▁" When ▁It ' s ▁Time " ▁by ▁Green ▁Day . ▁The ▁album ▁won ▁Best ▁Musical ▁Show ▁Album ▁at ▁the ▁ 5 3 rd ▁Ann ual ▁Gram my ▁Awards . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁Re views ▁for ▁the ▁Ber keley ▁Re pert ory ▁Theatre ▁production ▁were ▁mixed . ▁Charles ▁Mc N ulty ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times ▁called ▁the ▁show ▁" kin et ically ▁entertain ing ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁that ▁intention ally ▁reflect s ▁the ▁shall ow , ▁media - s atur ated ▁culture ▁the ▁album ▁rails ▁against ". ▁Kar en ▁D ' S ou za ▁of |
▁San ▁Jose ▁Mercur y ▁News ▁called ▁the ▁production ▁" a ▁thr ash ing ▁coll age ▁of ▁songs ▁f used ▁together ▁with ▁hyp not ic ▁movement ▁and ▁eye - po pping ▁visual s " ▁and ▁thought ▁the ▁show ▁" as ▁comp elling ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁abstract ▁[ and ] ▁channels ▁the ▁gr ung y ▁spirit ▁of ▁punk ▁while ▁also ▁pl uck ing ▁at ▁the ▁heart strings ." ▁However , ▁Jim ▁Harr ington ▁of ▁the ▁Oak land ▁Trib une ▁compared ▁the ▁show ▁unf avor ably ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁album , ▁writing : ▁"[ what ] ▁once ▁was ▁a ▁fine ▁G ou da , ▁has ▁been ▁pre pack aged ▁as ▁Vel ve eta ", ▁and ▁continued ▁sar cast ically , ▁" In ▁other ▁words , ▁it ▁should ▁do ▁big ▁business ▁on ▁Broadway ." ▁Charles ▁I sh er wood ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁commented ▁that ▁the ▁show ▁contained ▁" char acters ▁who ▁lack ▁much ▁in ▁the ▁way ▁of ▁emot ional ▁depth ▁or ▁specific ity , ▁and ▁plot lines ▁that ▁are ▁simple ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁cr ud ity " ▁but ▁also ▁felt ▁that ▁" the ▁show ▁poss esses ▁a ▁stim ulating ▁energy ▁and ▁a ▁vision ▁of ▁was ted ▁youth ▁that ▁holds ▁us ▁in ▁its ▁g rip ." ▁ ▁I sh er wood ' s ▁review ▁for ▁the ▁Broadway ▁production ▁was ▁enthus i astic . ▁He ▁called ▁the ▁show ▁" a ▁p uls ating ▁portrait ▁of ▁was ted ▁youth ▁that ▁inv okes ▁all ▁the ▁standard ▁genre ▁convent ions ... ▁only ▁to ▁trans c end ▁them ▁through ▁the |
▁power ▁of ▁its ▁music ▁and ▁the ▁art istry ▁of ▁its ▁execution , ▁the ▁show ▁is ▁as ▁inv ig or ating ▁and ▁ultimately ▁as ▁moving ▁as ▁anything ▁I ’ ve ▁seen ▁on ▁Broadway ▁this ▁season . ▁Or ▁maybe ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁seasons ▁past ." ▁Jed ▁Gott lie b ▁of ▁the ▁Boston ▁Her ald ▁enjoyed ▁the ▁prem ise ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁but ▁found ▁that ▁" the ▁music ▁and ▁message ▁suffer ▁in ▁a ▁setting ▁where ▁the ▁audience ▁is ▁polit ely , ▁so ber ly ▁se ated ". ▁Michael ▁K uch w ara ▁of ▁the ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁found ▁the ▁show ▁to ▁be ▁" vis ually ▁striking ▁[ and ] ▁mus ically ▁advent ur ous ", ▁but ▁noted ▁that ▁" the ▁show ▁has ▁the ▁bar est ▁w isp ▁of ▁a ▁story ▁and ▁minimal ▁character ▁development ". ▁Paul ▁Kol nik ▁in ▁USA ▁Today ▁enjoyed ▁the ▁contradiction ▁that ▁Green ▁Day ' s ▁" mass ively ▁popular , ▁stark ly ▁dis en ch anted ▁album ▁... ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁feel - good ▁musical ▁of ▁the ▁season ". ▁Time ▁magazine ' s ▁Richard ▁Z og lin ▁op ined ▁that ▁the ▁score ▁" is ▁as ▁pure ▁a ▁spec imen ▁of ▁contemporary ▁punk ▁rock ▁as ▁Broadway ▁has ▁yet ▁encountered ▁[ y et ] ▁there ' s ▁enough ▁variety .... ▁Where ▁the ▁show ▁fall ▁short ▁is ▁as ▁a ▁fully ▁developed ▁narr ative ." ▁He ▁concluded ▁that ▁" American ▁Id iot , ▁despite ▁its ▁earnest ▁h uff ing ▁and ▁pu ff ing , ▁remains ▁little ▁more ▁than ▁an ▁annot ated ▁rock ▁concert .... ▁Still , |
▁[ it ] ▁deser ves ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁che ers – ▁for ▁its ▁ir res ist ible ▁musical ▁energy ▁and ▁for ▁opening ▁fresh ▁v istas ▁for ▁that ▁odd ▁couple , ▁rock ▁and ▁Broadway ." ▁Peter ▁Tra vers ▁from ▁Rol ling ▁Stone ▁wrote , ▁" Th ough ▁American ▁Id iot ▁car ries ▁echo es ▁of ▁such ▁rock ▁musical s ▁as ▁Tommy , ▁H air , ▁R ent ▁and ▁Spring ▁Aw ak ening , ▁it ▁cut s ▁its ▁own ▁path ▁to ▁the ▁heart . ▁You ▁won ’ t ▁know ▁what ▁hit ▁you . ▁American ▁Id iot ▁knows ▁no ▁limits — ▁it ' s ▁a ▁global ▁knock out ." ▁ ▁Paul ▁Taylor ’ s ▁review ▁in ▁The ▁Independent ▁ha ils ▁American ▁Id iot ▁as ▁“ the ▁H air ▁of ▁its ▁generation ”. ▁Yet , ▁as ▁noted ▁by ▁Harry ▁Lou ▁in ▁The ▁Indian apolis ▁Business ▁Journal , ▁“ [ i ] ts ▁female ▁characters ▁are ▁sketch ed ▁even ▁l ighter ▁than ▁the ▁main ▁men ▁are ”. ▁Although ▁intended ▁to ▁emp ower ▁the ▁dis ill usion ed ▁youth ▁of ▁early ▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁America , ▁American ▁Id iot ▁ex cludes ▁the ▁female ▁voice ▁from ▁this ▁disc ourse . ▁This ▁dis emp ower ing ▁of ▁the ▁female ▁is ▁evident ▁in ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁female ▁leads ▁are ▁denied ▁identity , ▁let ▁alone ▁ag ency . ▁Just ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁is ▁given ▁a ▁name , ▁and ▁all ▁represent ▁a ▁s tere ot yp ical ▁form ▁of ▁‘ w oman ’ ; ▁the ▁mother , ▁the |
▁art istic ▁muse , ▁and ▁the ▁object ▁of ▁the ▁vo ye ur istic ▁male ▁gaz e . ▁ ▁Re views ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁End ▁production ▁were ▁generally ▁positive . ▁Rach el ▁Ward ▁of ▁The ▁Te legraph ▁gave ▁it ▁four ▁out ▁of ▁five ▁stars , ▁calling ▁" 9 0 ▁minutes ▁of ▁un inter rupted ▁cha os ". ▁Kate ▁Stan bury ▁from ▁Official ▁London ▁Theatre ▁summar ized , ▁" Ch a otic , ▁inten se ▁and ▁p uls ating ▁with ▁legend ary ▁Green ▁Day ▁hits , ▁a ▁trip ▁to ▁this ▁Tony ▁Award - win ning ▁musical ▁may ▁just ▁give ▁you ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁your ▁life ." ▁Paul ▁Taylor ▁of ▁The ▁Independent ▁also ▁gave ▁four ▁out ▁of ▁five ▁stars , ▁pra ising ▁director ▁and ▁ch ore ograph er ▁R ack y ▁Ple ws ▁for ▁making ▁" a ▁sharp - w itted ▁version ▁that ▁thro bs ▁with ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁energy ▁of ▁a ▁rock ▁gig ▁( if ▁minus ▁the ▁feeling ▁of ▁un predict ability ) ▁while ▁being ▁sh rew d ly ▁cal ibr ated ▁to ▁suit ▁the ▁int im acy ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 5 0 - se ater ▁Arts ▁Theatre ." ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nomin ations ▁American ▁Id iot ▁won ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁five ▁awards . ▁At ▁a ▁meeting ▁of ▁the ▁Tony ▁Administration ▁Committee ▁on ▁April ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁score ▁of ▁American ▁Id iot ▁was ▁de emed ▁in el ig ible ▁for ▁a ▁Tony ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Original ▁Sc ore ▁nom ination ▁because ▁less ▁than ▁ 5 0 |
% ▁of ▁it ▁was ▁written ▁for ▁the ▁stage ▁production . ▁ ▁Broadway ▁production ▁ ▁Br is b ane ▁production ▁ ▁Broadway ▁attend ances , ▁performances , ▁and ▁gross ▁rece i pts ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁month - by - month ▁break down ▁of ▁sales , ▁attend ance , ▁and ▁performance ▁data ▁for ▁the ▁production ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 , 7 0 9 - cap acity ▁St . ▁James ▁Theatre . ▁ ▁Document ary ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁a ▁document ary ▁showing ▁Arm strong ' s ▁journey ▁from ▁punk ▁rock ▁to ▁Broadway ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁released . ▁Cal led ▁Broadway ▁Id iot ▁and ▁showing ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁behind - the - sc enes ▁of ▁the ▁musical ▁production , ▁the ▁movie ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁Doug ▁Hamilton , ▁veter an ▁television ▁journalist ▁for ▁CBS ▁News ' ▁ 6 0 ▁Min utes ▁and ▁P BS ▁document aries ▁such ▁as ▁Nova , ▁Front line ▁and ▁American ▁Masters . ▁A ▁tra iler ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁document ary ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁South ▁by ▁South west ▁Film ▁Festival ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁it ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁some ▁the aters ▁and ▁on ▁video ▁on ▁demand ▁by ▁Film B uff . ▁ ▁Film ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes ▁reports ▁that ▁ 6 5 % ▁of ▁critics ▁gave ▁the |
▁film ▁a ▁positive ▁review ▁based ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁reviews , ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁score ▁of ▁ 5 . 8 / 1 0 . ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁which ▁assign s ▁a ▁normal ised ▁rating ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 ▁based ▁on ▁reviews ▁from ▁critics , ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 5 1 ▁( c iting ▁" m ixed ▁or ▁average ▁reviews ") ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁reviews . ▁ ▁Pl anned ▁film ▁adaptation ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁production ▁company ▁Play t one ▁option ed ▁the ▁musical ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁film ▁version , ▁and ▁Universal ▁Pictures ▁began ▁initial ▁negoti ations ▁to ▁dist ribute ▁it . ▁Michael ▁May er , ▁who ▁directed ▁the ▁Broadway ▁production , ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁director . ▁D ust in ▁L ance ▁Black ▁was ▁initially ▁h ired ▁to ▁adapt ▁the ▁musical . ▁Bill ie ▁Joe ▁Arm strong ▁was ▁asked ▁to ▁star ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy , ▁and ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁proposed ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁release . ▁Arm strong ▁later ▁posted ▁on ▁his ▁Twitter ▁account ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁not ▁" tot ally ▁committed " ▁to ▁the ▁role ▁but ▁was ▁interested ▁in ▁it . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁at ▁a ▁screen ing ▁of ▁Broadway ▁Id iot , ▁May er ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁adaptation ▁was ▁still ▁happening , ▁but ▁production ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁scheduled ▁due ▁to ▁" Hol lywood ▁b ull sh it ". ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁play |
w right ▁Rol in ▁Jones ▁told ▁the ▁Hart ford ▁Cour ant ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁writing ▁a ▁new ▁screen play ▁for ▁the ▁film . ▁Compar ing ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁musical , ▁Jones ▁said , ▁" The ▁idea ▁is ▁to ▁get ▁it ▁a ▁little ▁d irt ier ▁and ▁a ▁little ▁nast ier ▁and ▁translate ▁it ▁into ▁visual ▁terms . ▁There ' s ▁not ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁dialog ue ▁and ▁it ▁probably ▁should ▁be ▁a ▁little ▁shorter , ▁too . ▁After ▁that , ▁it ▁just ▁takes ▁its ▁' movie ▁time ' ▁in ▁getting ▁done ". ▁He ▁expected ▁to ▁finish ▁the ▁script ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁month . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁N ME , ▁Arm strong ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁now ▁being ▁made ▁at ▁H BO ▁and ▁the ▁script ▁was ▁getting ▁re writ es . ▁He ▁confirmed ▁he ▁would ▁repr ise ▁his ▁Broadway ▁role ▁as ▁St . ▁Jimmy . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Arm strong ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁" going ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁lot ▁different ▁from ▁the ▁musical . ▁It ' s ▁kind ▁of , ▁more ▁sur real ▁but ▁I ▁think ▁there ' s ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁parts ▁of ▁it ▁that ▁might ▁off end ▁people ▁– ▁which ▁is ▁good . ▁I ▁think ▁it ' s ▁a ▁good ▁time ▁to ▁off end ▁people . ▁I ▁think ▁there ' s ▁just ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁imag ery ▁that ▁we ▁couldn ' t ▁pull ▁off ▁in ▁the |