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▁musical ▁in ▁the ▁stage ▁version . ▁You ▁know , ▁I ▁don ' t ▁want ▁to ▁give ▁away ▁too ▁much , ▁but ▁it ▁will ▁be ▁shock ing ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁which ▁makes ▁you ▁think ." ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Bill ie ▁Joe ▁Arm strong ▁revealed ▁to ▁N ME ▁that ▁plans ▁for ▁a ▁film ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁stage ▁musical ▁had ▁been ▁" pre tty ▁much ▁scra pped ", ▁without ▁providing ▁any ▁more ▁details ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁reason . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁site ▁Internet ▁Broadway ▁database ▁listing ▁Ber keley ▁Rep ' s ▁American ▁Id iot ▁page ▁Did ▁He ▁Like ▁It ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁ ▁Category : R ock ▁musical s ▁Category : R ock ▁oper as ▁Category : Green ▁Day ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁musical s ▁Category : American ▁Id iot ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁musical s ▁Category : S ung - through ▁musical s ▁Category : B road way ▁musical s ▁Category : J u ke box ▁musical s ▁Category : Mus ical s ▁based ▁on ▁works ▁Category : T ony ▁Award - win ning ▁musical s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Inter g overn ment al ▁Neg oti ations ▁framework ▁or ▁I GN ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁nation - states ▁working ▁within ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁to ▁further ▁reform ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council ▁( U NS C ). ▁ ▁Com position ▁The ▁I GN ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁several ▁different ▁international ▁organizations , ▁namely : ▁ ▁The ▁African ▁Union ; ▁ ▁The ▁G |
4 ▁nations ; ▁ ▁The ▁Un iting ▁for ▁Cons ensus ▁Group ▁( U f C ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" C off ee ▁Club "; ▁ ▁The ▁L . 6 9 ▁Group ▁of ▁Develop ing ▁Count ries ; ▁ ▁The ▁Arab ▁League ; ▁and ▁ ▁The ▁Car ib bean ▁Community ▁( C AR IC OM ). ▁ ▁Each ▁group ▁represents ▁a ▁different ▁set ▁of ▁positions ▁vis - a - vis ▁reform ing ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁an ▁" oral ▁decision " ▁was ▁adopted ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁General ▁Assembly ▁by ▁general ▁acc lam ation ▁of ▁its ▁members , ▁which ▁approved ▁of ▁a ▁declaration ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" elements ▁of ▁convergence " ▁which ▁out lined ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁the ▁cons ensus ▁reached ▁by ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁I GN ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁ ▁This ▁statement ▁of ▁cons ensus ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁text ▁and ▁an nex , ▁of ▁a ▁year ▁earlier . ▁ ▁Ult imately , ▁by ▁adopt ing ▁the ▁" elements ▁of ▁cons ensus " ▁document , ▁the ▁General ▁Assembly ▁decided ▁to ▁form ▁an ▁" Open ▁End ed ▁Working ▁Group " ▁to ▁further ▁develop ▁a ▁cons ensus ▁position ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁General ▁Assembly ▁on ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁reform ing ▁the ▁U . N . ▁Security ▁Council . ▁ ▁This ▁program ▁had ▁its ▁orig ins ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁with ▁success ive ▁reports ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 |
7 . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁ag enda ▁for ▁this ▁issue ▁in ▁the ▁U . N . ▁General ▁Assembly ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁online . ▁ ▁Pos itions ▁of ▁each ▁group ▁The ▁positions ▁of ▁the ▁various ▁groups ▁of ▁nations ▁compos ing ▁the ▁I GN ▁framework ▁can ▁be ▁summar ized ▁as ▁follows : ▁ ▁The ▁African ▁Union ▁" Wh ile ▁the ▁group ▁was ▁pleased ▁that ▁the ▁cons ensus ▁decision ▁would ▁roll ▁over ▁the ▁issue ▁into ▁the ▁next ▁session , ▁the ▁A U ▁remained ▁committed ▁to ▁a ▁text - based ▁reform ▁process . ▁In ▁particular , ▁the ▁A U ▁called ▁attention ▁to ▁a ▁letter ▁circul ated ▁by ▁the ▁group ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁elements ▁of ▁convergence ▁on ▁working ▁methods ▁and ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁a ▁reform ed ▁Council . ▁As ▁the ▁A U ▁pointed ▁out , ▁the ▁“ elements ” ▁reflect ▁only ▁two ▁out ▁of ▁five ▁of ▁the ▁issues ▁discussed ▁in ▁the ▁I GN ▁process . ▁As ▁such , ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁ade qu ately ▁reflect ▁the ▁record ▁of ▁the ▁I GN ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 0 th ▁session , ▁as ▁there ▁was ▁substantial ▁agreement ▁and ▁discussion ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁three ▁issues ▁which ▁was ▁not ▁represented ▁in ▁the ▁elements ▁of ▁convergence ▁text . ▁The ▁A U ▁called ▁for ▁a ▁dem ocr atic , ▁transparent , ▁and ▁account able ▁process , ▁and ▁for ▁text - based ▁negoti ations ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁UN ▁‘ fit ▁for ▁purpose .' " ▁ ▁The ▁G 4 ▁nations ▁Brazil , ▁in ▁its ▁capacity |
▁as ▁representative ▁of ▁the ▁G 4 , ▁called ▁for ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁text - based ▁negoti ations ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁I GN ▁substant ive ▁meaning . ▁The ▁G 4 ▁appreciated ▁the ▁elements ▁of ▁conversion ▁text , ▁which ▁served ▁to ▁identify ▁tr ends ▁and ▁move ▁towards ▁cons ensus , ▁even ▁if ▁the ▁text ▁does ▁not ▁reflect ▁all ▁G 4 ▁positions . ▁However , ▁the ▁Group ▁was ▁disappoint ed ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁not ▁convergence ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁three ▁issues . ▁The ▁G 4 ▁noted ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁hoped ▁to ▁begin ▁concrete ▁negoti ations ▁during ▁the ▁ 7 0 th ▁session , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁the ▁longer ▁Security ▁Council ▁reform ▁is ▁post pon ed , ▁the ▁greater ▁the ▁dis cred it ▁to ▁the ▁UN . ▁The ▁status ▁qu o ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁an ▁option , ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁recognized ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁strong ▁mult il ater al ▁system . ▁Brazil ▁c ited ▁the ▁major ▁agre ements ▁reached ▁over ▁the ▁last ▁years — the ▁ 2 0 3 0 ▁Ag enda ▁for ▁S ust ain able ▁Development ▁and ▁the ▁Paris ▁Cl imate ▁Ag re ement , ▁among ▁others , ▁but ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁real m ▁of ▁peace ▁and ▁security ▁is ▁notice ably ▁lack ing ▁in ▁progress ▁and ▁reform . ▁Brazil ▁concluded ▁its ▁statement ▁with ▁a ▁rem inder ▁of ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁‘ UN ▁fit ▁for ▁purpose ▁on ▁peace ▁and ▁security , ▁in ▁a ▁discrete ▁time frame .’ ▁ ▁The ▁Un iting ▁for ▁Cons ensus ▁Group ▁( U f C ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" |
C off ee ▁Club " ▁" Ital y , ▁speaking ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁for ▁Cons ensus ▁group ▁( U f C )[ ,] ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁app la ud ed ▁the ▁technical ▁rol lo ver , ▁which ▁p aved ▁the ▁way ▁for ▁continued ▁discussion ▁aim ing ▁for ▁a ▁broad ▁cons ensus . ▁It ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁I GN ▁is ▁a ▁member - dri ven ▁process , ▁that ▁all ▁sessions ▁and ▁meet ings ▁have ▁been ▁important ▁for ▁movement ▁towards ▁cons ensus , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁points ▁of ▁convergence ▁submitted ▁by ▁the ▁facil it ator ▁reflect ▁U f C ’ s ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁convergence . ▁U f C ▁further ▁called ▁for ▁flex ibility ▁and ▁comprom ise ▁on ▁the ▁remaining ▁issues , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁lead ▁to ▁a ▁broad ▁cons ensus ▁decision ▁in ▁the ▁future ." ▁ ▁The ▁L . 6 9 ▁Group ▁of ▁Develop ing ▁Count ries ▁" N ic ar agua ▁. ▁. ▁. , ▁representing ▁the ▁L 6 9 ▁group ▁of ▁developing ▁countries [, ▁said ▁they ▁were ] ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁pleased ▁that ▁the ▁framework ▁and ▁an ne xes , ▁submitted ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁would ▁remain ▁central ▁to ▁the ▁I GN ’ s ▁work ▁moving ▁forward . ▁The ▁L 6 9 ▁argued ▁that ▁text - based ▁negoti ations ▁would ▁be ▁vital , ▁and ▁should ▁be ▁conducted ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁the ▁framework ▁text , ▁especially ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁three ▁key ▁issues ▁for ▁reform . ▁In ▁closing , ▁the ▁group ▁hoped ▁that ▁the ▁ 7 1 st |
▁session ▁would ▁lead ▁to ▁more ▁concrete ▁progress ." ▁ ▁The ▁Arab ▁League ▁" K uw ait , ▁representing ▁the ▁Arab ▁States , ▁re aff ir med ▁the ▁desire ▁for ▁a ▁broad ▁decision ▁and ▁for ▁continu ing ▁I GN ▁deb ates ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 1 st ▁session . ▁The ▁group ▁hoped ▁for ▁cons ensus , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁lead ▁to ▁true ▁and ▁compreh ensive ▁reform ." ▁ ▁The ▁Car ib bean ▁Community ▁( C AR IC OM ) ▁" G uy ana , ▁speaking ▁for ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁Community ▁( C AR IC OM ), ▁wel com ed ▁the ▁rol lo ver , ▁and ▁called ▁for ▁further ▁work ▁and ▁reflection ▁on ▁Member ▁State ▁propos als ▁when ▁considering ▁the ▁achiev ements ▁of ▁the ▁I GN ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 0 th ▁session , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁framework ▁and ▁an ne xes . ▁C AR IC OM ▁called ▁the ▁progress ▁made ▁important , ▁though ▁limited , ▁and ▁hoped ▁that ▁the ▁text ▁and ▁elements ▁of ▁convergence ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁foundation ▁for ▁reform ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 1 st ▁session ." ▁ ▁Russia ▁and ▁China ▁( U NS C ▁P erman ent ▁M embers ) ▁" Ch ina ▁wel com ed ▁the ▁rol lo ver , ▁and ▁called ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁session ▁to ▁u ph old ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁UN ▁and ▁Member ▁States , ▁and ▁reflect ▁all ▁the ▁views ▁of ▁participants . ▁Russia ▁wel com ed ▁the ▁rol lo ver ▁as ▁well , ▁not ing ▁that ▁cons ensus ▁ad option ▁was ▁good , |
▁but ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁far ▁from ▁universal ▁agreement ▁in ▁the ▁negoti ations . ▁Russia ▁asked ▁that ▁re forms ▁be ▁adopted ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁two - third s ▁majority , ▁though ▁ide ally ▁through ▁cons ensus , ▁and ▁ended ▁with ▁a ▁call ▁for ▁a ▁transparent ▁and ▁inclus ive ▁process ▁without ▁artificial ly ▁im posed ▁tim elines ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁Link s ▁Working ▁Gr oups ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁General ▁Assembly ▁ ▁Category : Un ited ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council <0x0A> </s> ▁K achi , ▁also ▁sp elt ▁K ach hi , ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁of ▁Har ip ur ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁K hy ber ▁Pak ht unk h wa ▁province ▁of ▁Pakistan . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁Be er ▁Union ▁Council ▁and ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ 3 4 ° 8 ' 0 N ▁ 7 2 ° 5 7 ' 0 E ▁with ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 5 5 8 ▁metres ▁( 1 8 3 3 ▁feet ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Har ip ur ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Turkish ▁March , ▁Op . ▁ 5 5 ▁is ▁a ▁composition ▁by ▁Russian ▁composer ▁Mik h ail ▁I pp olit ov - I van ov , ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁in ▁Moscow . ▁ ▁Com position ▁▁ ▁This ▁sym ph onic ▁march ▁last s ▁approximately ▁five ▁minutes . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁very ▁conventional ▁work ▁by ▁I pp olit ov - I van ov , ▁and ▁therefore , ▁all ▁harm on ies ▁and |
▁rh yth ms ▁are ▁conventional . ▁He ▁wrote ▁this ▁composition ▁as ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁research ▁for ▁Turkish , ▁U z bek ▁and ▁Kaz akh ▁folk ▁music ▁in ▁its ▁later ▁years , ▁and ▁two ▁years ▁after ▁compos ing ▁his ▁Turkish ▁F rag ments , ▁which , ▁indeed , ▁re create ▁the ▁same ▁atmosphere ▁with ▁Turkish ▁mel od ies ▁and ▁rh yth ms . ▁He ▁died ▁three ▁years ▁afterwards , ▁and ▁this ▁march ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁last ▁works . ▁ ▁Notable ▁record ings ▁▁ ▁Notable ▁record ings ▁of ▁this ▁march ▁include : ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Com pos itions ▁by ▁Mik h ail ▁I pp olit ov - I van ov ▁Category : Com pos itions ▁for ▁sym phony ▁or chestra ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁compos itions <0x0A> </s> ▁Kurt ▁Warner ' s ▁Arena ▁Football ▁Un le ashed ▁is ▁a ▁sports ▁game ▁developed ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁Mid way ▁for ▁the ▁Sony ▁Play Station . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁It ▁is ▁to ▁note ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁before ▁another ▁A FL ▁video ▁game ▁would ▁be ▁released . ▁It ▁is ▁based ▁around ▁the ▁fame ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁champion ▁Kurt ▁Warner . ▁ ▁Game play ▁ ▁Kurt ▁Warner ' s ▁Arena ▁Football ▁Un le ashed ▁diff ers ▁from ▁other ▁American ▁football ▁video ▁games ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁usage ▁of ▁the ▁ar ena ▁football ▁system . ▁A ▁few ▁rule ▁changes ▁include ▁that ▁there |
▁are ▁half ▁as ▁many ▁players ▁on ▁the ▁field , ▁field ▁goals ▁go ▁back ▁into ▁play ▁if ▁they ▁miss ▁the ▁goal posts , ▁and ▁there ' s ▁no ▁such ▁thing ▁as ▁pun ting . ▁The ▁game ▁is ▁compared ▁to ▁NFL ▁Bl itz ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁for ▁its ▁violence , ▁and ▁one ▁rev iewer ▁even ▁noted ▁that ▁" The ▁post - play ▁violence ▁has ▁been ▁p ump ed ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁level ▁that ▁Bl itz ▁had ▁before ▁the ▁NFL ▁forced ▁Mid way ▁to ▁tone ▁it ▁down ." ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Kurt ▁Warner ' s ▁Arena ▁Football ▁Un le ashed ▁received ▁mostly ▁poor ▁reviews , ▁port ray ing ▁it ▁as ▁being ▁a ▁we aker ▁version ▁of ▁NFL ▁Bl itz ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁Game Sp ot ▁critic ized ▁the ▁game ▁and ▁gave ▁it ▁a ▁low ▁score . ▁" It ' s ▁a ▁scale d - down ▁version ▁of ▁Bl itz ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁with ▁a ▁few ▁changes , ▁but ▁these ▁changes ▁don ' t ▁really ▁enh ance ▁the ▁game ▁in ▁any ▁way ." ▁I GN ▁wrote , ▁"... ▁the ▁actual ▁game ▁engine ▁seems ▁more ▁like ▁a ▁poor ▁man ' s ▁Bl itz ." ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : A ren a ▁football ▁video ▁games ▁Category : M id way ▁video ▁games ▁Category : N orth ▁America - ex clus ive ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Play Station ▁( console ) ▁games ▁Category : Play Station ▁( console )- only |
▁games ▁Warner ▁Warner ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁based ▁on ▁real ▁people ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Sold ot na ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁city - owned , ▁public ▁use ▁air port ▁located ▁one ▁na ut ical ▁mile ▁( 1 . 8 5 km ) ▁sout heast ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁business ▁district ▁of ▁Sold ot na , ▁Al aska . ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁is ▁located ▁along ▁the ▁south ▁bank ▁of ▁the ▁Ken ai ▁River ▁in ▁the ▁sout he astern ▁corner ▁of ▁Sold ot na ▁city ▁limits , ▁and ▁also ▁ad jo ins ▁the ▁Ken ai ▁National ▁Wild life ▁Ref uge . ▁ ▁Road ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁air port ▁is ▁via ▁Fun ny ▁River ▁Road , ▁a ▁short ▁distance ▁east ▁of ▁its ▁intersection ▁with ▁the ▁Ster ling ▁Highway . ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 1 1 3 ▁feet ▁( 3 4 ▁m ) ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁It ▁has ▁one ▁run way ▁designated ▁ 7 / 2 5 ▁with ▁an ▁as ph alt ▁surface ▁meas uring ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁ 1 3 2 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 5 2 4 ▁x ▁ 4 0 ▁m ). ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁ 1 2 - month ▁period ▁ending ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁air port ▁had ▁ 1 5 , 0 5 0 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 4 1 ▁per ▁day : ▁ 8 |
0 % ▁general ▁av iation , ▁ 2 0 % ▁air ▁tax i , ▁and ▁< 1 % ▁military . ▁At ▁that ▁time ▁there ▁were ▁ 4 7 ▁aircraft ▁based ▁at ▁this ▁air port : ▁ 9 2 % ▁single - engine , ▁ 2 % ▁multi - engine ▁and ▁ 6 % ▁ul tr al ight . ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁air line ▁service ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁Al aska ▁Aer onaut ical ▁Indust ries ▁( AA I ), ▁a ▁comm uter ▁air ▁car rier , ▁was ▁operating ▁scheduled ▁passenger ▁service ▁to ▁An ch orage ▁( AN C ) ▁with ▁de ▁Hav ill and ▁Canada ▁D HC - 6 ▁T win ▁Ot ter ▁tur b op rop ▁aircraft . ▁North ▁Pacific ▁Airlines ▁( N PA ), ▁a ▁comm uter ▁air ▁car rier , ▁operated ▁scheduled ▁passenger ▁service ▁to ▁An ch orage ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁and ▁mid ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁with ▁Be ech craft ▁aircraft . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁South ▁Central ▁Air ▁( S CA ), ▁also ▁a ▁comm uter ▁air ▁car rier , ▁was ▁operating ▁scheduled ▁passenger ▁service ▁between ▁the ▁air port ▁and ▁An ch orage ▁flying ▁as ▁Western ▁Express ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁Western ▁Airlines ▁via ▁a ▁code ▁sharing ▁agreement ▁with ▁Pi per ▁Ch ie ft ain ▁tw in ▁prop ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁South ▁Central ▁Air ▁was ▁continu ing ▁to ▁serve ▁Sold ot |
na ▁on ▁an ▁independent ▁basis ▁with ▁fl ights ▁to ▁An ch orage ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁service ▁to ▁An ch orage ▁was ▁being ▁operated ▁by ▁another ▁small ▁comm uter ▁air ▁car rier , ▁In let ▁Airlines . ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁currently ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁any ▁scheduled ▁passenger ▁air ▁service . ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁hub ▁for ▁Red iske ▁Air , ▁a ▁local ▁air ▁tax i ▁air ▁car rier . ▁ ▁A viation ▁acc idents ▁and ▁inc idents ▁On ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁North ▁Pacific ▁Airlines ▁Fl ight ▁ 1 8 0 2 , ▁a ▁Be ech craft ▁BE 6 5 - A - 8 0 ▁Queen ▁Air ▁N 5 0 NP , ▁on ▁a ▁regularly ▁scheduled ▁flight ▁from ▁An ch orage ▁to ▁Sold ot na , ▁crash ed ▁ ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁air port ▁while ▁on ▁approach ▁to ▁land . ▁ ▁All ▁nine ▁on ▁board ▁( se ven ▁passengers ▁and ▁two ▁flight ▁crew ) ▁were ▁killed . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁an ▁air ▁tax i ▁crash ed , ▁killing ▁all ▁ten ▁people ▁on ▁board . ▁ ▁The ▁single - engine ▁de ▁Hav ill and ▁Canada ▁D HC - 3 ▁Ot ter , ▁registered ▁to ▁Red iske ▁Air ▁of ▁nearby ▁Nik is ki , ▁had ▁a ▁pilot ▁and ▁nine ▁passengers ▁ab o ard . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁Ken ai ▁Pen ins ula ▁Bor ough , |
▁Al aska <0x0A> </s> ▁Mar guer ite - Jul ie - An to in ette ▁H oud on ▁( 1 7 7 1 ▁– ▁ 1 7 9 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁painter . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁cousin ▁of ▁the ▁sculpt or ▁Jean - An to ine ▁H oud on ▁and ▁her ▁self - port rait ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁book ▁Women ▁P ain ters ▁of ▁the ▁World . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 7 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 9 5 ▁death s ▁Category : F rench ▁women ▁pain ters <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Brown low ▁Medal ▁was ▁the ▁ 9 1 st ▁year ▁the ▁award ▁was ▁presented ▁to ▁the ▁player ▁adj ud ged ▁the ▁fair est ▁and ▁best ▁player ▁during ▁the ▁Australian ▁Football ▁League ▁( AF L ) ▁home ▁and ▁away ▁season . ▁Tom ▁Mitchell ▁of ▁the ▁Haw th orn ▁Football ▁Club ▁won ▁the ▁medal ▁with ▁ 2 8 ▁votes . ▁ ▁Le ading ▁vot eg et ters ▁ ▁V oting ▁procedure ▁The ▁three ▁field ▁u mp ires ▁( th ose ▁u mp ires ▁who ▁control ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁the ▁game , ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁goal ▁or ▁boundary ▁u mp ires ) ▁confer ▁after ▁each ▁match ▁and ▁award ▁three ▁votes , ▁two ▁votes ▁and ▁one ▁vote ▁to ▁the ▁players ▁they ▁regard ▁as ▁the ▁best , ▁second ▁best ▁and ▁third ▁best ▁in ▁the ▁match , ▁respectively . ▁The ▁votes ▁are ▁kept ▁secret ▁until ▁the ▁awards ▁night |
, ▁and ▁are ▁read ▁and ▁tal lied ▁on ▁the ▁evening . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁Australian ▁Football ▁League ▁season ▁ 2 0 1 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁Tamb un ▁( Ch inese : ▁ 打 <0xE6> <0x89> <0xAA> ▁D ǎ ▁m én ) ▁is ▁a ▁major ▁town ▁in ▁K inta ▁District , ▁Per ak , ▁Malays ia . ▁The ▁Lost ▁World ▁of ▁Tamb un , ▁a ▁water park , ▁is ▁located ▁here . ▁ ▁Fam ous ▁goods ▁ ▁Pom el os ▁▁ ▁Tamb un ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁pom elo ▁produce , ▁which ▁is ▁sought ▁after ▁by ▁loc als ▁and ▁tour ists ▁al ike . ▁Many ▁plan ters ▁were ▁H ak k as ▁from ▁southern ▁China . ▁The ▁fruit ▁was ▁originally ▁brought ▁in ▁from ▁Southern ▁China ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁trav elling ▁Chinese ▁as ▁a ▁good ▁source ▁of ▁Vit amin ▁C ▁on ▁extended ▁ship ▁jour ne ys . ▁The ▁plant ▁adapted ▁well ▁to ▁Tamb un - A mp ang - P iah ▁region ' s ▁dark ▁and ▁f err ous ▁soil ▁conditions . ▁ ▁Most ▁pom elo ▁far ms ▁har vest ▁twice ▁a ▁year ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁Chinese ▁New ▁Year ▁and ▁Mid ▁Aut umn ▁Festival . ▁However , ▁some ▁enter pr ising ▁far mers ▁have ▁managed ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁third ▁c rop ▁s que ez ed ▁to ▁increase ▁their ▁yield . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁and ▁the ▁emer gency ▁period ▁after ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁most ▁Tamb un ▁plan ters ▁also |
▁increased ▁yield ▁by ▁re aring ▁p igs ▁and ▁ch ick ens ▁within ▁their ▁pom elo ▁far ms . ▁This ▁pract iced ▁continued ▁until ▁the ▁turn ▁of ▁the ▁century ▁when ▁Japanese ▁en ce phal itis ▁struck ▁the ▁district . ▁ ▁Animal ▁dro ppings ▁In ▁Tamb un , ▁animal ▁dro ppings ▁are ▁used ▁as ▁fert ilis ers . ▁Within ▁the ▁district ▁were ▁S ikh ▁cow ▁farm ▁which ▁supp lement ▁their ▁income ▁by ▁s elling ▁cow - d ungs ▁- ▁a ▁fav oured ▁source ▁of ▁fert ilis ers ▁the ▁pom elo ▁orch ards . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁in ▁Per ak <0x0A> </s> ▁, ▁son ▁of ▁reg ent ▁Ich ij ō ▁A ki y oshi , ▁was ▁a ▁Japanese ▁k ug y ō ▁( court ▁noble ) ▁of ▁the ▁E do ▁period ▁( 1 6 0 3 – 1 8 6 8 ), ▁who ▁founded ▁Da igo ▁family ▁as ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁Ich ij ō ▁family . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁Da igo ▁F uy u hi ro , ▁his ▁he ir , ▁and ▁Tok uda iji ▁K int ake ▁( <0xE5> <0xBE> <0xB3> 大 寺 公 全 ), ▁adopted ▁by ▁Tok uda iji ▁family . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : F u ji w ara ▁cl an ▁Category : I ch ij ō ▁family ▁Category : 1 6 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 6 9 7 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁V ori ini ▁is ▁a ▁tribe ▁of ▁f lies ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁T ach in idae . ▁More |
▁junior ▁hom onym s ▁exist ▁of ▁Wagner ia ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁animal ▁genus ▁name . ▁ ▁Gener a ▁Ath ry cia ▁Rob ine au - Des void y , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁Ble ph ar omy ia ▁Bra uer ▁& ▁Ber gen st amm , ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁Camp y lo ch eta ▁R ó nd ani , ▁ 1 8 5 9 ▁Cy rt oph le ba ▁R ó nd ani , ▁ 1 8 5 6 ▁E ri oth rix ▁Me igen , ▁ 1 8 0 3 ▁Per isce ps ia ▁G ist el , ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁Ph yll om ya ▁Rob ine au - Des void y , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁Ram onda ▁Rob ine au - Des void y , ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁Th el ai ra ▁Rob ine au - Des void y , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁V oria ▁Rob ine au - Des void y , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁Wagner ia ▁Rob ine au - Des void y , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : D ip tera ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : D ex i inae <0x0A> </s> ▁P aint ▁Your ▁W agon , ▁Red ▁L orry ▁Y ellow ▁L orry ' s ▁second ▁album , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁on ▁Red ▁Rh ino , ▁an ▁independent ▁music ▁record ▁label . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁band ' s ▁final ▁original ▁LP |
▁release ▁on ▁the ▁label ▁( ex clus ive ▁of ▁a ▁singles ▁collection , ▁ ▁Sm ashed ▁H its , ▁the ▁following ▁year ) ▁before ▁signing ▁to ▁major ▁label ▁Situ ation ▁Two ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁Like ▁their ▁first ▁album , ▁T alk ▁about ▁the ▁We ather , ▁P aint ▁Your ▁W agon ▁had ▁a ▁very ▁short ▁running ▁time ▁at ▁under ▁ 3 0 ▁minutes . ▁Two ▁of ▁the ▁tracks , ▁" M es cal ▁Dance " ▁and ▁" Bl itz ", ▁were ▁instrument als . ▁Initial ▁copies ▁came ▁with ▁a ▁limited ▁edition ▁seven - inch ▁single ▁with ▁the ▁tracks ▁" Paint ▁Your ▁W agon " ▁and ▁" More ▁J ipp ". ▁ ▁Cass ette ▁and ▁CD ▁releases / re issues ▁have ▁featured ▁various ▁additional ▁bonus ▁tracks . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" W alk ing ▁on ▁Your ▁H ands " ▁ ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 0 ▁ ▁" J ipp " ▁ ▁– ▁ 3 : 0 0 ▁ ▁" Last ▁Train " ▁ ▁– ▁ 2 : 2 1 ▁ ▁" Head ▁All ▁Fire " ▁ ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 0 ▁ ▁" M es cal ▁Dance " ▁ ▁– ▁ 2 : 4 2 ▁ ▁" Sh out ▁at ▁the ▁Sky " ▁ ▁– ▁ 3 : 0 4 ▁ ▁" Wh ich ▁Side " ▁ ▁– ▁ 2 : 0 7 ▁ ▁" T ear ▁Me ▁Up " ▁ ▁– ▁ 2 : 3 1 ▁ ▁" Save ▁My ▁Soul " ▁ ▁– ▁ 2 |
: 4 4 ▁ ▁" Bl itz " ▁ ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 0 ▁ ▁All ▁tracks ▁were ▁written ▁by ▁Chris ▁Re ed ▁and ▁David ▁Wolf enden , ▁except ▁for ▁" Head ▁All ▁Fire ", ▁" T ear ▁Me ▁Up " ▁and ▁" Save ▁My ▁Soul ", ▁written ▁by ▁Re ed . ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Chris ▁Re ed ▁- ▁vocals , ▁guitar ▁David ▁Wolf enden ▁- ▁guitar ▁Leon ▁Phill ips ▁- ▁bass ▁guitar ▁Chris ▁Old ro yd ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Red ▁L orry ▁Y ellow ▁L orry ▁albums ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Pla cent al ▁protein ▁ 1 3 ▁( PP 1 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁protein ▁that ▁in ▁humans ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁L G AL S 1 3 ▁gene . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁and ▁function ▁ ▁Function ▁▁ ▁It ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁two ▁identical ▁sub un its ▁which ▁are ▁held ▁together ▁by ▁dis ulf ide ▁b onds . ▁The ▁mon omer ▁of ▁this ▁protein ▁has ▁struct ural ▁similarity ▁to ▁several ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁beta - gal act os ide - binding ▁S - type ▁lect in ▁family , ▁but ▁it ▁could ▁not ▁bind ▁beta - gal act os ide . ▁This ▁is ▁because ▁the ▁lig and ▁binding ▁site ▁is ▁lack ▁of ▁key ▁resid ue ▁for ▁binding ▁beta - gal act os ide . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁g ale ct in - like ▁protein . ▁The ▁lig and ▁of ▁this ▁protein ▁is ▁still ▁unknown . ▁ ▁C lin ical ▁significance ▁P P |
1 3 ▁levels ▁that ▁are ▁low ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁trim ester ▁of ▁pre gn ancy ▁conf ers ▁a ▁higher ▁risk ▁for ▁developing ▁pre - ec lam ps ia ▁later ▁in ▁pre gn ancy . ▁ ▁References <0x0A> </s> ▁L ick ▁Log ▁Creek ▁is ▁a ▁stream ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Georgia . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁to ▁the ▁Ch atto oga ▁River . ▁ ▁L ick ▁Log ▁Creek ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁a ▁sal ty ▁log ▁which ▁attract ed ▁cattle . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Georgia ▁( U . S . ▁state ) ▁Category : B od ies ▁of ▁water ▁of ▁Rab un ▁County , ▁Georgia <0x0A> </s> ▁Cer ro ▁la ▁Camp ana , ▁the ▁Bell ▁mountain , ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁La ▁Camp ana ▁National ▁Park ▁in ▁central ▁Chile . ▁ ▁The ▁Pacific ▁and ▁the ▁mountain ▁A con c agua ▁are ▁visible ▁from ▁the ▁sum mit ▁on ▁clear ▁days . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁area ' s ▁expand ing ▁human ▁population , ▁considerable ▁def or est ation ▁occurred ▁on ▁the ▁previously ▁heavily ▁wood ed ▁areas ▁of ▁this ▁mountain ▁from ▁approximately ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁AD ▁on wards . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁significant ▁tree ▁species ▁ext ant ▁on ▁Cer ro ▁La ▁Camp ana ▁is ▁the ▁Chile an ▁W ine ▁Pal m , ▁J ub ae a ▁ch il ensis ; ▁this ▁end anger ed ▁pal m ▁pre histor ically ▁had ▁a ▁much ▁wider ▁distribution . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁second ▁survey ▁voyage ▁of ▁HMS ▁Be |
agle ▁arrived ▁at ▁Val par ais o ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁July ▁ 1 8 3 4 , ▁Charles ▁Dar win ▁took ▁residence ▁ash ore ▁to ▁explore ▁the ▁area . ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁August ▁he ▁obtained ▁horses ▁and ▁set ▁off ▁with ▁a ▁companion ▁" on ▁a ▁ge ological ▁exc urs ion " ▁to ▁the ▁base ▁of ▁the ▁And es . ▁They ▁reached ▁the ▁Ha ci enda ▁de ▁San ▁Is id ro , ▁s ited ▁at ▁the ▁foot ▁of ▁Cer ro ▁La ▁Camp ana , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁after ▁being ▁given ▁a ▁guide ▁and ▁fresh ▁horses ▁they ▁began ▁their ▁as cent . ▁In ▁his ▁notes ▁on ▁the ▁veget ation ▁seen ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁up , ▁including ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁b am bo o , ▁he ▁described ▁the ▁process ▁by ▁which ▁sap ▁res emb ling ▁h oney ▁was ▁obtained ▁from ▁the ▁pal ms . ▁In ▁the ▁evening ▁they ▁camp ed ▁at ▁a ▁spring ▁named ▁the ▁Agu a ▁del ▁Gu an aco , ▁then ▁on ▁the ▁next ▁morning ▁clim bed ▁the ▁" rough ▁mass " ▁of ▁fragment ed ▁green stone ▁to ▁the ▁sum mit , ▁where ▁they ▁spent ▁the ▁day . ▁A ▁pla que ▁on ▁the ▁path ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁comm emor ates ▁Dar win ' s ▁as cent . ▁Dar win ▁enjoyed ▁the ▁day ▁thoroughly , ▁writing ▁" Ch ile ▁& ▁its ▁boundaries ▁the ▁And es ▁& ▁the ▁Pac if ick ▁were ▁seen ▁as ▁in ▁a ▁Map . .... ▁Who ▁can ▁avoid ▁adm iring ▁the ▁wonderful ▁force |
▁which ▁has ▁up he aved ▁these ▁mountains , ▁& ▁even ▁more ▁so ▁the ▁count less ▁ages ▁which ▁it ▁must ▁have ▁required ▁to ▁have ▁broken ▁through , ▁removed ▁& ▁level led ▁whole ▁masses ▁of ▁them ?" ▁All ▁over ▁the ▁mountain ▁he ▁had ▁seen ▁attempts ▁at ▁gold ▁min ing , ▁and ▁even ▁on ▁the ▁sum mit ▁a ▁small ▁pit ▁had ▁been ▁exc av ated . ▁After ▁another ▁evening ▁talking ▁round ▁their ▁camp ▁fire , ▁they ▁desc ended ▁on ▁the ▁following ▁day ▁by ▁a ▁different ▁route ▁to ▁the ▁Ha ci enda , ▁and ▁continued ▁on ▁to ▁Qu ill ota ▁on ▁their ▁way ▁to ▁Santiago . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Ad i ant um ▁ger tr ud is ▁ ▁Ch ica uma ▁ ▁Cu esta ▁La ▁D orm ida ▁ ▁K ag ene ck ia ▁ob long a ▁ ▁O co a ▁Valley ▁ ▁Per se a ▁me yen iana ▁ ▁Pu ya ▁co qu imb ensis ▁ ▁Tre vo a ▁tr iner vis ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁'' Char les ▁Dar win ▁pla que ▁on ▁YouTube ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Chile ▁Category : Ch ile an ▁Coast ▁Range <0x0A> </s> ▁Guy - H erv é ▁Im b ou a , ▁better ▁known ▁by ▁his ▁stage ▁name ▁H ▁Mag num , ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁ra pper ▁of ▁I vor ian ▁origin ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁L oud Sch ool ▁Production ▁record ▁label . ▁ ▁Guy - H erv é ▁Im b ou a ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Y op oug on , ▁I v ory |
▁Coast , ▁and ▁imm igr ated ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 9 ▁year ▁old ▁to ▁France ▁and ▁res ided ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁arr ondissement ▁of ▁Paris . ▁He ▁started ▁ra pping ▁in ▁various ▁bands , ▁not ably ▁A con it , ▁a ▁collect ive ▁of ▁young ▁rapp ers ▁from ▁Saint - B la ise ▁region , ▁and ▁appeared ▁in ▁various ▁comp il ations . ▁He ▁later ▁joined ▁the ▁rap ▁collect ive ▁L ' In jection ▁Ly ric ale . ▁G aining ▁fame , ▁he ▁opened ▁for ▁A kon ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁at ▁Ber cy ▁and ▁performed ▁alongside ▁I AM ▁at ▁Z én ith ▁de ▁Paris ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁he ▁released ▁his ▁own ▁materials ▁in ▁the ▁album ▁Dream . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁many ▁rapp ers ▁including ▁K ery ▁James , ▁Int ouch ables , ▁Diam ' S ▁and ▁Sex ion ▁d ' Ass aut . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁O thers ▁/ ▁V ide ography ▁ 2 0 1 2 : ▁" Q ui ▁viv ra ▁ver ra " ▁ 2 0 1 3 : ▁" L ' app ât ▁du ▁gain " ▁ 2 0 1 3 : ▁" M i ▁amor " ▁ ▁Fe ature d ▁in ▁ ▁Private ▁life ▁H ▁Mag m um ▁is ▁the ▁cousin ▁of ▁V inci anne ▁T ano . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Facebook |
▁ ▁Category : F rench ▁rapp ers ▁Category : F rench ▁people ▁of ▁I vor ian ▁descent ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Chen ▁X ing x u ▁( , ▁born ▁ 3 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Chinese ▁actor . ▁He ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁roles ▁as ▁Yang ▁K ang ▁in ▁ ▁The ▁Leg end ▁of ▁the ▁Cond or ▁Hero es ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁and ▁Gu ▁X ia ow u ▁/ ▁Li ▁Ch eng y in ▁in ▁Good bye ▁My ▁Princess ▁( 2 0 1 9 ). ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Chen ▁X ing x u ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁in ▁Sh eny ang , ▁L ia oning , ▁China . ▁He ▁was ▁rec ru ited ▁by ▁a ▁sc out ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁ 3 ▁years ▁old ▁in ▁the ▁park , ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁shoot ▁advert is ements . ▁He ▁shot ▁his ▁first ▁TV ▁series ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 4 . ▁▁ ▁Chen ▁en rolled ▁in ▁the ▁Performance ▁Department ▁( Act ing ▁Department ) ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Academy ▁of ▁D rama ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Career ▁▁ 2 0 0 1 – 2 0 1 0 : ▁Begin nings ▁as ▁child ▁actor ▁Chen ▁first ▁appeared ▁as ▁child ▁actor ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁TV ▁series ▁A ▁Pass ion |
ate ▁Life ▁ ▁which ▁stars ▁Golden ▁Hor se ▁award ▁winning ▁actress - L ü ▁Lip ing . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁he ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁military ▁war ▁drama ▁The ▁Do or ▁to ▁the ▁Wind . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁star red ▁as ▁Pan ▁D ong zi ▁in ▁the ▁modern ▁children ▁TV ▁series ▁Spark ling ▁Red ▁Star . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁star red ▁in ▁the ▁historical ▁series ▁The ▁Leg end ▁of ▁M eng ▁Li ▁Ju , ▁playing ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁young ▁crown ▁prince . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁star red ▁in ▁the ▁rom ance ▁film ▁The ▁Love ▁of ▁Haw th orn ▁Tree . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 – present : ▁R ising ▁popular ity ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Chen ▁started ▁to ▁gain ▁increased ▁attention ▁and ▁popular ity ▁with ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁Yang ▁K ang ▁in ▁the ▁w ux ia ▁drama ▁The ▁Leg end ▁of ▁the ▁Cond or ▁Hero es , ▁adapted ▁from ▁Jin ▁Y ong ' s ▁novel ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Chen ▁star red ▁in ▁the ▁historical ▁rom ance ▁drama ▁Good bye ▁My ▁Princess , ▁based ▁on ▁novel ▁by ▁Fe i ▁Wo ▁Si ▁C un . ▁The ▁drama ▁was ▁a ▁success ▁and ▁achieved ▁a ▁cult ▁following . ▁Chen ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews ▁for ▁his ▁port ray al ▁of ▁Gu ▁X ia ow u / Li ▁Ch eng y in , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁increased |
▁popular ity ▁for ▁him . ▁He ▁was ▁then ▁cast ▁in ▁modern ▁drama ▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Times , ▁followed ▁by ▁military ▁drama ▁The ▁Gl ory ▁of ▁Youth . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Chen ▁star red ▁in ▁the ▁rom ance ▁fant asy ▁web ▁film ▁The ▁En chant ing ▁Ph antom , ▁adapted ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁film ▁A ▁Chinese ▁Ghost ▁Story . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Film ▁ ▁Television ▁series ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nomin ations ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Chinese ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : Ch inese ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : Ch inese ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁from ▁Sh eny ang ▁Category : Cent ral ▁Academy ▁of ▁D rama ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Bol men ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁lake ▁in ▁Sm å land , ▁Sweden . ▁Cover ing ▁ 1 8 4 km ², ▁and ▁with ▁a ▁maximum ▁depth ▁of ▁ 3 7 ▁m , ▁it ▁supplies ▁a ▁considerable ▁part ▁of ▁Sk å ne ▁with ▁fresh ▁water ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁an ▁ 8 2 - km ▁long ▁tunnel , ▁the ▁Bol men ▁Water ▁T unnel , ▁built ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 8 0 s . ▁Bol men ▁is ▁situated ▁at ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁Finn ved en , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁small ▁lands ▁of ▁today ' s ▁Sm å land . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁t |
enth ▁largest ▁lake ▁in ▁Sweden . ▁ ▁It ▁contains ▁ 3 6 5 ▁islands , ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁largest ▁is ▁Bol ms ö , ▁which ▁was ▁histor ically ▁the ▁meeting - place ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁assembly . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Sm å land ▁Category : L akes ▁of ▁K ron o berg ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Pol t ava ▁( , ▁; ▁ ▁; ▁ ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁city ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁Vor sk la ▁River ▁in ▁central ▁Ukraine . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁capital ▁city ▁of ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁O blast ▁( prov ince ) ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁surrounding ▁Pol t ava ▁Ra ion ▁( d istrict ) ▁of ▁the ▁ob last . ▁Pol t ava ▁is ▁administr atively ▁incorpor ated ▁as ▁a ▁city ▁of ▁ob last ▁significance ▁and ▁does ▁not ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁ra ion . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 8 9 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁It ▁is ▁still ▁unknown ▁when ▁Pol t ava ▁was ▁founded , ▁although ▁the ▁town ▁was ▁not ▁att ested ▁before ▁ 1 1 7 4 . ▁However , ▁for ▁reasons ▁unknown , ▁municipal ▁authorities ▁chose ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁city ' s ▁ 1 1 0 0 th ▁anni versary ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁The ▁settlement ▁is ▁indeed ▁an ▁old ▁one , ▁as ▁ar che olog ists ▁un ear th ed ▁a ▁Pale ol ith ic ▁dwell ing ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁S cy th ian ▁remains ▁within ▁the ▁city ▁limits . ▁ ▁Middle ▁A ges ▁The |
▁present ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁is ▁tradition ally ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁settlement ▁L t ava ▁which ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁Hyp at ian ▁Chron icle ▁in ▁ 1 1 7 4 . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁chron icle , ▁on ▁Saint ▁Peter ' s ▁Day ▁( 1 2 ▁July ) ▁of ▁ 1 1 8 2 , ▁Ig or ▁S vi atos lav ich , ▁ch asing ▁h ord es ▁of ▁the ▁C uman ▁k h ans ▁Kon ch ak ▁and ▁Kob iak , ▁crossed ▁the ▁Vor sk la ▁River ▁near ▁L t ava ▁and ▁moved ▁towards ▁Pere ias lav ), ▁where ▁Ig or ' s ▁army ▁was ▁vict orious ▁over ▁the ▁C um ans . ▁During ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁invasion ▁of ▁Rus ' ▁in ▁ 1 2 3 8 – 3 9 ▁many ▁cities ▁of ▁the ▁middle ▁D nie per ▁region ▁were ▁destroyed , ▁possibly ▁including ▁L t ava . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁the ▁region ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Duch y ▁of ▁K iev , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁v ass al ▁of ▁the ▁Alg ird as ' ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Lith u ania . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Russian ▁historian ▁Aleks andr ▁Sh enn ik ov , ▁the ▁region ▁around ▁modern ▁Pol t ava ▁was ▁a ▁C uman ▁Duch y ▁belonging ▁to ▁Mans ur , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁son ▁of ▁Mam ai . ▁Sh enn ik ov ▁also ▁claims ▁that ▁the ▁Mans ur ▁Duch y ▁joined ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Lith u ania ▁as ▁an ▁associated |
▁state ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁v ass al ▁state , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁already ▁existed ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁In ▁ 1 3 9 9 ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁Mans ur ▁assist ed ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Lith u ania ▁in ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁the ▁Vor sk la ▁River , ▁while ▁a ▁legend ▁says ▁that ▁after ▁the ▁battle , ▁the ▁C oss ack ▁Mam ay ▁helped ▁V y ta ut as ▁to ▁escape ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁The ▁city ▁is ▁mentioned ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁no ▁later ▁than ▁ 1 4 3 0 . ▁Supp osed ly , ▁in ▁ 1 4 3 0 ▁the ▁Lith uan ian ▁du ke ▁V y ta ut as ▁gave ▁the ▁city , ▁along ▁with ▁G lin sk ▁( today ▁a ▁village ▁near ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Rom ny ) ▁and ▁G lin its a , ▁to ▁Mur za ▁O lex a ▁( L ox ada ▁Mans ur x an ov ich ), ▁who ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Lith u ania ▁from ▁the ▁Golden ▁Hor de . ▁In ▁ 1 4 3 0 ▁Mur za ▁O lex a ▁was ▁bapt ized ▁as ▁Alexander ▁G lin sky , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁pro gen itor ▁of ▁the ▁G lin sky ▁family . ▁According ▁to ▁Sh enn ink ov , ▁Alexander ▁G lin sky ▁must ▁have ▁been ▁bapt ized ▁in ▁ 1 3 9 0 ▁by ▁C yp rian , ▁Metropolitan ▁of ▁K iev |
, ▁who ▁had ▁just ▁reg ained ▁his ▁title ▁of ▁Metropolitan ▁of ▁K iev ▁and ▁all ▁Russia ▁( r ather ▁than ▁the ▁Metropolitan ▁of ▁Russia ▁Minor ▁and ▁Lith u ania ) ▁and ▁on ▁ 6 ▁March ▁ 1 3 9 0 ▁perman ently ▁moved ▁to ▁Mus c ovy . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 4 8 2 ▁Pol t ava ▁was ▁raz ed ▁by ▁the ▁Crime an ▁Khan ▁M eng li ▁I ▁Gi ray . ▁ ▁Early ▁Modern ▁period ▁In ▁ 1 5 3 7 ▁Og raf ena ▁Vas yl iv na ▁G lin ska ▁( B a ib u za ) ▁passed ▁Pol t ava ▁to ▁her ▁son - in - law ▁My kh ail o ▁Ivan ov ych ▁H ry b un ov - B a ib u za . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁Lub lin ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 9 , ▁the ▁territory ▁around ▁Pol t ava ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Crown ▁of ▁Poland . ▁In ▁ 1 6 3 0 ▁Pol t ava ▁was ▁passed ▁to ▁a ▁Polish ▁magn ate , ▁Bar th ol ome w ▁Ob alk owski . ▁In ▁ 1 6 4 1 ▁it ▁changed ▁ownership ▁again , ▁ ▁to ▁Alexander ▁Kon iec pol ski . ▁In ▁ 1 6 4 6 ▁Pol t ava ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁Wi ś ni owie cki ▁Ord yn ats ia ▁( a ▁large ▁Wi ś ni owie cki ▁estate ▁in ▁Left - bank ▁Ukraine ▁centered ▁in ▁Lub ny ), ▁govern ed ▁by ▁the ▁Ruth en ian - Pol ish |
▁magn ate ▁Jer emi ▁Wi ś ni owie cki ▁( 1 6 1 2 – 5 1 ). ▁In ▁ 1 6 4 8 ▁the ▁city ▁became ▁the ▁base ▁of ▁a ▁distinguished ▁regiment ▁of ▁Ukrain ian ▁C oss acks , ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁C oss ack ▁strong hold ▁during ▁the ▁K hm el ny t sky ▁U pr ising . ▁In ▁ 1 6 5 0 , ▁to ▁comm emor ate ▁a ▁victory ▁of ▁the ▁C oss ack ▁Host ▁over ▁the ▁Polish ▁army ▁at ▁the ▁Pol t av ka ▁River , ▁ ▁the ▁Metropolitan ▁of ▁K iev , ▁Syl v ester ▁Kos so v , ▁ordered ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁monaster y ▁of ▁the ▁Ex alt ation ▁of ▁the ▁Cross ▁in ▁Pol t ava . ▁The ▁project ▁was ▁fin anced ▁by ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁prominent ▁local ▁residents , ▁including ▁Mart yn ▁P ush kar , ▁Ivan ▁I sk ra , ▁Ivan ▁K ram ar ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 6 5 4 ▁Pere y as lav ▁Council , ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁city ▁deleg ates ▁p led ged ▁their ▁alleg iance ▁to ▁the ▁Cz ar ▁of ▁Mus c ovy , ▁after ▁which ▁st ol nik ▁And rei ▁Sp as ite lev ▁arrived ▁in ▁Pol t ava ▁and ▁recorded ▁ 1 , 3 3 5 ▁residents ▁who ▁had ▁p led ged ▁their ▁alleg iance . ▁In ▁ 1 6 5 8 ▁Pol t ava ▁became ▁a ▁center ▁of ▁anti - g overn ment ▁revol t ▁led ▁by ▁Mart yn |
▁P ush kar , ▁who ▁cont ested ▁the ▁legit im acy ▁of ▁Ivan ▁V y hov sky ' s ▁election ▁to ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁Het man ▁of ▁Z apor iz h ian ▁Host . ▁The ▁u pr ising ▁was ▁ex ting u ished ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁Crime an ▁Tat ars . ▁On ▁the ▁issue ▁boy ar ▁Vas ily ▁Bor is ov ich ▁Sh erem ete v ▁wrote ▁to ▁Alex ei ▁Mik h ail ov ich ▁on ▁ 8 ▁June ▁ 1 6 5 8 : ▁"... ▁the ▁Ch erk as ▁[ C oss ack ] ▁city ▁of ▁Plot ava ▁is ▁rav aged ▁and ▁burn ed ▁to ▁the ▁ground ▁and ▁only ▁if ▁the ▁Great ▁S over eign ▁orders ▁to ▁re built ▁on ▁the ▁T atar ▁S ok ma ▁( path way ) ▁of ▁B ake ye v ▁Route ▁and ▁protect ▁many ▁his ▁so ver eign ▁cities ▁from ▁T atar ▁vis its . ▁And ▁if ▁the ▁Great ▁S over eign ▁allows ▁to ▁place ▁a ▁vo iv ode ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁re built ▁the ▁city ▁until ▁the ▁fall ▁that ▁in ▁Plot ava ▁Ch erk asy ▁[ C oss acks ] ▁and ▁residents ▁built ▁their ▁houses ▁and ▁stock - p iled ▁their ▁food ". ▁With ▁the ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6 6 7 ▁tr uce ▁of ▁And rus ovo , ▁the ▁city ▁was ▁finally ▁subject ed ▁to ▁the ▁Ts ard om ▁of ▁Mus c ovy , ▁while ▁remaining ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁C oss ack ▁Het man ate . ▁ ▁The ▁city ▁suffered ▁from ▁the |
▁Great ▁Turkish ▁War ▁when ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 5 ▁Pet ro ▁Ivan en ko ▁led ▁an ▁anti - Mus cov ite ▁u pr ising ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁Crime an ▁Tat ars , ▁who ▁rav aged ▁the ▁local ▁monaster y . ▁The ▁same ▁year ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁Regiment ▁act ively ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁Az ov ▁campaign s ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁taking ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁for tr ess ▁of ▁Ky zy - K erm en ▁( today ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁B ery s lav , ▁Kh erson ▁O blast ). ▁On ▁ 8 ▁July ▁( New ▁Style ) ▁or ▁ 2 7 ▁June ▁( Old ▁Style ) ▁ 1 7 0 9 ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁took ▁place ▁near ▁the ▁city ▁during ▁the ▁Great ▁Northern ▁War . ▁The ▁battle ▁ended ▁in ▁a ▁decis ive ▁victory ▁of ▁Peter ▁I ▁of ▁Russia ▁over ▁the ▁Swedish ▁forces ▁and ▁had ▁great ▁historical ▁importance ▁for ▁the ▁Rus si ans . ▁In ▁ 1 7 1 0 ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁pl ague ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁its ▁surrounding ▁area . ▁In ▁the ▁mid - 1 8 th ▁century ▁the ▁Kol om ak ▁Wood s ▁near ▁Pol t ava ▁became ▁a ▁base ▁of ▁ha id am aks ▁( C oss ack ▁par amil it ary ▁bands ). ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 7 7 0 ▁Pol t ava ▁had ▁several ▁brick ▁fact ories , ▁a ▁regiment al ▁doctor , ▁and ▁a ▁ph arm acy ; ▁that ▁same ▁year ▁the ▁city ▁conducted ▁four ▁fair s . ▁In ▁ |
1 7 7 5 ▁it ▁became ▁a ▁city ▁of ▁Nov or os si y sk ▁Governor ate , ▁guard ed ▁by ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁Company ▁of ▁the ▁D nie per ▁Pi ke ▁Regiment ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Kob elia ky . ▁In ▁ 1 7 7 5 ▁Pol t ava ' s ▁Mon aster y ▁of ▁the ▁Ex alt ation ▁of ▁the ▁Cross ▁( , ▁K rest ov oz d v iz hens ky ▁Mon ast yr ) ▁became ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁b ish ops ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁created ▁E par chy ▁( Di oc ese ) ▁of ▁S la vi ansk ▁and ▁Kh erson . ▁This ▁large ▁new ▁dioc ese ▁included ▁the ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁Nov or os si ya ▁Governor ate ▁and ▁the ▁Az ov ▁Governor ate ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea . ▁Since ▁much ▁of ▁that ▁area ▁had ▁only ▁recently ▁been ▁seized ▁from ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁by ▁Russia , ▁and ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁Orth odox ▁Greek ▁sett lers ▁had ▁been ▁invited ▁to ▁sett le ▁in ▁the ▁region , ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Government ▁selected ▁a ▁ren owned ▁Greek ▁scholar , ▁Eugen ios ▁V oul gar is , ▁to ▁pres ide ▁over ▁the ▁new ▁dioc ese . ▁After ▁his ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁another ▁Greek ▁the olog ian , ▁N ike ph or os ▁The ot ok is . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 7 9 ▁the ▁city ▁established ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁county ▁school , ▁which ▁became ▁its ▁first |
▁sec ular ▁educational ▁institution . ▁In ▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁Catherine ▁the ▁Great ▁stopped ▁in ▁Pol t ava ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁from ▁Crime a , ▁esc orted ▁by ▁Gr ig ori ▁Pot em kin , ▁Alexander ▁Su vor ov ▁and ▁Mik h ail ▁K ut uz ov . ▁In ▁Pol t ava , ▁on ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 1 7 8 7 , ▁before ▁another ▁Rus so - T urk ish ▁War , ▁Pot em kin ▁received ▁his ▁title ▁" Pr ince ▁of ▁T aur ida ", ▁while ▁Su vor ov ▁received ▁a ▁sn uff box ▁with ▁mon ogram . ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁the ▁city ▁became ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁established ▁Pol t ava ▁Governor ate . ▁The ▁city ' s ▁population ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁consisted ▁of ▁some ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁residents . ▁That ▁same ▁year ▁Pol t ava ▁opened ▁a ▁government - fund ed ▁hospital ▁of ▁ 2 0 ▁b eds . ▁▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 1 8 0 8 ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁Male ▁G ymnasium ▁was ▁established . ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁June ▁ 1 8 0 8 ▁some ▁ 5 4 ▁families ▁of ▁craft s men ▁were ▁invited ▁to ▁the ▁city ▁from ▁German ▁principal ities ▁and ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁newly ▁established ▁German ▁S lob oda ▁neighborhood ▁with ▁about ▁ 5 0 ▁cl ay - made ▁houses . ▁In ▁ 1 8 1 0 ▁there ▁were ▁ 8 , 3 2 8 |
▁people ▁living ▁in ▁Pol t ava ; ▁that ▁same ▁year , ▁the ▁city ' s ▁first ▁the ater ▁was ▁built . ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 8 1 2 , ▁on ▁orders ▁of ▁Little ▁Russia ▁Governor ▁General ▁Lob an ov - R ost ov sky , ▁the ▁f amed ▁Ukrain ian ▁writer ▁and ▁states man ▁Ivan ▁Kot ly are v sky ▁formed ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Pol t ava ▁Caval ry ▁C oss ack ▁Regiment . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁Pol t ava ▁had ▁around ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁inhabitants , ▁a ▁district ▁school , ▁a ▁g ymnasium , ▁an ▁Institute ▁for ▁No ble ▁Ma id ens , ▁a ▁spiritual ▁a cademy , ▁a ▁cad et ▁corps , ▁a ▁library ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁schools . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁was ▁opened , ▁leading ▁to ▁ ▁rapid ▁economic ▁growth ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁However , ▁by ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁the ▁Population ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁( around ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ) ▁was ▁mostly ▁working ▁in ▁small ▁enter pr ises . ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁and ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁centuries ▁Pol t ava ▁became ▁an ▁important ▁cultural ▁centre , ▁where ▁many ▁represent atives ▁of ▁Ukrain ian ▁national ▁rev ival ▁were ▁active . ▁▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 2 0 , ▁Pol t ava ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁rule ▁of ▁a ▁number |
▁of ▁govern ments , ▁including ▁the ▁Central ▁R ada , ▁Het man ate , ▁Ukrain ian ▁People ' s ▁Republic , ▁White ▁Mov ement ▁and ▁B ols he vik s . ▁After ▁becoming ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁Ukrain ian ▁Soviet ▁Social ist ▁Republic , ▁Pol t ava ▁experienced ▁acceler ated ▁industrial ▁growth , ▁and ▁its ▁population ▁increased ▁to ▁ 1 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁the ▁Naz i ▁We hr macht ▁occupied ▁Pol t ava ▁from ▁late ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁until ▁ 2 3 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁ret aken ▁during ▁the ▁Ch ern ig ov - Pol t ava ▁Str ateg ic ▁Off ensive ▁of ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁the ▁D nie per . ▁During ▁the ▁Naz i ▁occupation ▁the ▁Jewish ▁population ▁( 9 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁population ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ) ▁was ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁a ▁gh etto ▁before ▁being ▁murder ed ▁during ▁mass ▁execution s ▁perpet r ated ▁by ▁an ▁Einsatz gruppe ▁and ▁buried ▁in ▁mass ▁gra ves ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁By ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁conducted ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁sh utt le ▁bomb ing ▁ra ids ▁against ▁Naz i ▁Germany ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Operation ▁Fr antic . ▁Pol t ava ▁Air ▁Base , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁My r hor od ▁Air ▁Base , ▁were ▁used ▁as ▁eastern ▁locations ▁for ▁landing |
▁B - 1 7 ▁F lying ▁Fort ress ▁heavy ▁bom bers ▁involved ▁in ▁those ▁operations . ▁ ▁The ▁post - war ▁rest oration ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁continued ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁The ▁city ▁became ▁an ▁important ▁centre ▁of ▁military ▁education ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union , ▁where ▁miss ile ▁and ▁communic ations ▁officers ▁were ▁prepared , ▁and ▁was ▁also ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁Soviet ▁Air ▁Force ▁division ▁of ▁heavy ▁bom bers . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁" G rie ving ▁Mother " ▁monument , ▁a ▁mem orial ▁in ▁Pol t ava ▁to ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁Jews ▁murder ed ▁by ▁the ▁Naz is , ▁was ▁des ec r ated ▁on ▁Hitler ' s ▁birth day ▁with ▁the ▁s log an ▁" He il ▁Hitler " ▁and ▁a ▁sw ast ika . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁has ▁a ▁hum id ▁contin ental ▁climate ▁( K ö ppen ▁D fb ). ▁ ▁Government ▁and ▁sub div isions ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁is ▁the ▁administrative ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁O blast ▁( prov ince ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁of ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁Ra ion ▁hous ed ▁within ▁the ▁city . ▁However , ▁Pol t ava ▁is ▁a ▁city ▁of ▁ob last ▁sub ordin ance , ▁thus ▁being ▁subject ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁ob last ▁authorities ▁rather ▁to ▁the ▁ra ion ▁administration ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁city |
▁itself . ▁ ▁Pol t ava ' s ▁government ▁consists ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 0 - member ▁Pol t ava ▁City ▁Council ▁() ▁which ▁is ▁head ed ▁by ▁the ▁Secretary ▁( current ly ▁Ole ks andr ▁K oz ub ). ▁The ▁city ' s ▁current ▁mayor ▁is ▁Ole ks andr ▁Mam ay , ▁who ▁was ▁sw orn ▁in ▁on ▁ 4 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁after ▁being ▁elected ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 1 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁he ▁was ▁re - elect ed ▁as ▁a ▁candidate ▁of ▁Cons cience ▁of ▁Ukraine ▁with ▁ 6 2 . 9 % ▁in ▁a ▁second ▁round ▁of ▁May oral ▁election . ▁ ▁The ▁territory ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁ 3 ▁administrative ▁ra ions ▁( d istrict s ): ▁ ▁She v chen k iv sky ▁Ra ion , ▁to ▁the ▁south - west ▁with ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 2 0 7 7 ▁hect ares ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 4 7 , 6 0 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁It ' s ▁a ▁largely ▁resident ial ▁area ▁and ▁includes ▁the ▁city ▁centre . ▁ ▁Ky iv sky ▁Ra ion , ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁by ▁area , ▁compr ising ▁ 5 4 3 7 ▁hect ares , ▁or ▁ 5 2 . 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁total ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁north - west . ▁Its ▁census ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁was ▁ 1 1 1 , |
9 0 0 . ▁This ▁district ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁industrial ▁zone . ▁ ▁Pod il sky ▁Ra ion , ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁south - east , ▁in ▁the ▁valley ▁of ▁the ▁Vor sk la ▁river , ▁with ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 2 9 8 8 ▁hect ares ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 5 3 , 7 0 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁of ▁Ro zs osh ent si , ▁Sch er ban i , ▁Ter esh ky , ▁K opy ly ▁and ▁Su pr un iv ka ▁are ▁officially ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁outside ▁the ▁city , ▁but ▁actually ▁const itute ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁ag gl omer ation . ▁ ▁Culture ▁ ▁The ▁centre ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁city ▁is ▁a ▁sem ic irc ular ▁Ne oc lass ical ▁square ▁with ▁the ▁T us can ▁column ▁of ▁cast ▁iron ▁( 1 8 0 5 – 1 1 ), ▁comm emor ating ▁the ▁cent en ary ▁of ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁and ▁featuring ▁ 1 8 ▁Swedish ▁can n ons ▁captured ▁in ▁that ▁battle . ▁As ▁Peter ▁the ▁Great ▁celebrated ▁his ▁victory ▁in ▁the ▁Sav iour ▁church , ▁this ▁ 1 7 th - century ▁wooden ▁shr ine ▁was ▁carefully ▁preserved ▁to ▁this ▁day . ▁The ▁five - dom ed ▁city ▁c athedral , ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁Ex alt ation ▁of ▁the ▁Cross , ▁is ▁a ▁super b ▁monument ▁of ▁C oss ack ▁Bar o que , ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 6 9 |
9 ▁and ▁ 1 7 0 9 . ▁As ▁a ▁whole , ▁the ▁c athedral ▁presents ▁a ▁unity ▁which ▁even ▁the ▁Ne oc lass ical ▁b ellt ower ▁has ▁failed ▁to ▁mar . ▁Another ▁fro thy ▁Bar o que ▁church , ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁D orm ition ▁of ▁the ▁The ot ok os , ▁was ▁destroyed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁and ▁re built ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁A ▁minor ▁planet ▁ 2 9 8 3 ▁Pol t ava ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁by ▁Soviet ▁astronom er ▁Nikol ai ▁Ste pan ov ich ▁Ch ern yk h ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁Sports ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁popular ▁sport ▁is ▁football ▁( s occer ). ▁Two ▁professional ▁football ▁( s occer ) ▁teams ▁are ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁city : ▁Vor sk la ▁Pol t ava ▁in ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁and ▁FC ▁Pol t ava ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁League . ▁There ▁are ▁ 3 ▁stad iums ▁in ▁Pol t ava : ▁But ov sky ▁Vor sk la ▁Stadium ▁( main ▁city ▁stad ium ), ▁Dynam o ▁Stadium ▁are ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁centre ▁and ▁Lok om ot iv ▁Stadium ▁which ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁Pod il ▁district . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁we ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁local ▁capital ▁of ▁professional ▁vol ley ball ▁clubs ▁Pol t av ch anka , ▁where ▁I ▁can ▁visit ▁Ukraine . ▁ ▁Notable ▁people ▁ ▁Marie ▁Bash k irt se ff ▁– ▁ 1 |
9 th - century ▁Paris ian ▁painter , ▁mem oir ist ▁ ▁Y itz h ak ▁Ben - Z vi ▁– ▁a ▁historian , ▁Labour ▁Z ion ist ▁leader , ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁and ▁longest ▁serving ▁Isra eli ▁president ▁ ▁H anka ▁B iel ick a ▁– ▁Polish ▁actress ▁ ▁Ole ks andr ▁Bil ash ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁composer ▁ ▁And ri y ▁D any l ko ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁singer ▁ ▁Son ia ▁D ela un ay ▁– ▁Ukrain ian - born ▁French ▁artist , ▁a ▁c of ound er ▁of ▁the ▁Or ph ism ▁art ▁movement , ▁noted ▁for ▁its ▁use ▁of ▁strong ▁colors ▁and ▁geometric ▁shapes ▁ ▁Nikol ai ▁G og ol ▁– ▁writer ▁and ▁play w right ▁ ▁Alexander ▁G ur w itsch ▁– ▁Russian ▁phys ician ▁and ▁bi ologist ▁ ▁D mit ri ▁K essel ▁– ▁photo j ournal ist , ▁Life ▁magazine ▁war ▁correspond ent ▁ 1 9 4 4 – 1 9 7 2 ▁ ▁V era ▁K hol odn aya ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁actress , ▁the ▁first ▁star ▁of ▁Russian ▁silent ▁cinema ▁ ▁Y uri ▁K ond rat y uk ▁( born ▁O lex andr ▁G nat ov ich ▁Sh ar ge i ) ▁– ▁astr onaut ics ▁and ▁space fl ight ▁pione er ▁who , ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁for es aw ▁ways ▁of ▁reaching ▁the ▁moon ▁ ▁Ivan ▁Kot ly are v sky ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁writer , ▁poet , ▁and ▁play w right ▁ ▁An at oli |
y ▁Vas il iev ich ▁L un ach ar sky ▁– ▁Russian ▁Marx ist ▁revolution ary ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Soviet ▁People ' s ▁Comm iss ar ▁of ▁En light en ment ▁responsible ▁for ▁culture ▁and ▁education ▁ ▁My k ola ▁L ys en ko ▁– ▁Compos er , ▁founder ▁of ▁first ▁Ukrain ian ▁classical ▁music ▁school ▁ ▁M st ys lav ▁- ▁Ukrain ian ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁hier arch ▁ ▁Pan as ▁My r ny ▁( born ▁Pan as ▁Y akov ych ▁Rud chen ko ) ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁writer ▁( P anas ▁My r ny ' s ▁Memorial ▁estate ) ▁ ▁Mik h ail ▁Vas il iev ich ▁Ost ro grad sky ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁math ematic ian , ▁mechan ician , ▁and ▁phys ic ist ▁ ▁Ol ena ▁P ch il ka ▁– ▁Pen ▁name ▁for ▁Ol ha ▁Pet riv na ▁Kos ach , ▁mother ▁of ▁Les ya ▁Uk ra ink a , ▁famous ▁writer , ▁sister ▁of ▁My kh ail o ▁Dra h oman ov ▁ ▁Ivan ▁Pas ke v ich ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁military ▁leader ▁in ▁the ▁Russian ▁service ▁ ▁Sym on ▁Pet li ura ▁– ▁ ▁Ukrain ian ▁politician ▁and ▁states man , ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁Ukraine ' s ▁fight ▁for ▁independence ▁following ▁the ▁Russian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁ ▁Zh anna ▁Pro k hor en ko ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁actress ▁ ▁S asha ▁Put ry a ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁artist ▁ ▁Mos he ▁Z vi ▁Seg al ▁– ▁a ▁prominent ▁figure ▁in ▁various ▁movements |
▁and ▁organizations ▁in ▁Israel , ▁including ▁Et zel ▁and ▁Le chi . ▁ ▁Av raham ▁Sh l ons ky ▁– ▁Isra eli ▁poet ▁and ▁editor ▁ ▁H ry hor ii ▁Sk ov or oda ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁poet , ▁phil os opher , ▁and ▁composer ▁ ▁Maria ▁T arn ow ska ▁( born ▁Maria ▁Nik ola ev na ▁O ' R our ke ) ▁– ▁famous ▁femme ▁f ata le , ▁whose ▁trial ▁for ▁murder ▁( V en ice , ▁ 1 9 1 0 ) ▁attract ed ▁world wide ▁media ▁attention ▁ ▁P ais ius ▁Vel ich kov sky ▁– ▁Eastern ▁Orth odox ▁mon k ▁and ▁the olog ian ▁noted ▁for ▁prom oting ▁st are ts dom ▁ ▁Nikol ai ▁Y ar os hen ko ▁– ▁Ukrain ian ▁painter ▁ ▁Mik h ail ▁Z osh chen ko ▁– ▁Soviet ▁sat ir ist ▁ ▁Econom y ▁and ▁infrastr ucture ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁ ▁Pol t ava ' s ▁transport ation ▁infrastr ucture ▁consists ▁of ▁two ▁major ▁train ▁stations ▁with ▁railway ▁links ▁to ▁K iev , ▁Kh ark iv , ▁and ▁Kre men ch uk . ▁Pol t ava ' s ▁K iev ▁line ▁is ▁elect r ified ▁and ▁is ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁Pol t ava ▁Express . ▁The ▁elect r ification ▁of ▁the ▁Pol t ava - K h ark iv ▁line ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁Av to v ok z al ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁city ' s ▁inter city ▁bus ▁station . ▁B uses |
▁for ▁local ▁municipal ▁routes ▁depart ▁from ▁" AC - 2 " ▁( aut ost ation ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁– ▁along ▁She v chen ko ▁street ) ▁and ▁" AC - 3 " ▁( Z ink iv ska ▁street ). ▁Local ▁municipal ▁routes ▁are ▁park ed ▁along ▁the ▁Tar as ▁She v chen ko ▁Street . ▁Marsh rut ka ▁min ib uses ▁serve ▁areas ▁where ▁regular ▁bus ▁access ▁is ▁un available ; ▁however , ▁they ▁are ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁and ▁cost ▁more ▁per ▁ride . ▁In ▁addition , ▁a ▁ 1 0 - route ▁t rol ley bus ▁network ▁of ▁ ▁runs ▁throughout ▁the ▁city . ▁On ▁the ▁routes ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁go ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁units ▁of ▁t rol ley b uses . ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁is ▁also ▁served ▁by ▁an ▁International ▁Airport , ▁situated ▁outside ▁the ▁city ▁limits ▁near ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁I v ash ky . ▁The ▁international ▁highway ▁M 0 3 , ▁linking ▁Pol t ava ▁with ▁K iev ▁and ▁Kh ark iv , ▁passes ▁through ▁the ▁southern ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁regional ▁highway ▁P - 1 7 ▁crossing ▁Pol t ava ▁and ▁linking ▁it ▁with ▁Kre men ch uk ▁and ▁Sum y . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁has ▁always ▁been ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁science ▁and ▁education ▁cent res ▁in ▁Ukraine . ▁Major ▁univers ities ▁and ▁institutions ▁of ▁higher ▁education ▁include ▁the ▁following : ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁National ▁Ped agog ical ▁University ▁named |
▁after ▁V . ▁G . ▁Kor olen ko ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁National ▁Techn ical ▁Y uri ▁K ond rat y uk ▁University ▁▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁Agr arian ▁State ▁Academy ▁ ▁Ukrain ian ▁Medical ▁St om at ological ▁Academy ▁as ▁Pol t ava ▁Medical ▁And ▁D ental ▁University ▁( U MS A ) ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁University ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Trade ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁Military ▁Institute ▁of ▁Con ne ctions ▁ ▁Pol t av ian ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁National ▁Jur id ical ▁Academy ▁of ▁Ukraine ▁Pol t ava ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Academy ▁of ▁Statistics , ▁region ▁and ▁aud it ▁to ▁the ▁State ▁Statistics ▁Committee ▁of ▁Ukraine ▁ ▁Astronom y ▁ ▁Pol t ava ▁grav imet ric ▁observ atory ▁( PG O ) ▁is ▁situated ▁a ▁bit ▁north ▁from ▁city ▁centre ▁( 2 7 – 2 9 ▁M ias oy ed ov ▁St .). ▁Its ▁main ▁work ▁directions ▁are ▁measurements ▁of ▁Earth ▁rotation , ▁latitude ▁variations ▁( app lying ▁z en ith ▁stars ▁observations , ▁lun ar ▁occ ult ation ▁observations ▁and ▁other ) ▁ ▁Observ ational ▁station ▁of ▁P GO ▁in ▁rural ▁area , ▁some ▁ 2 0 km ▁east ▁along ▁the ▁M 0 3 - E 4 0 ▁highway . ▁Rad iot eles cope ▁U R AN - 2 ▁( U k rain ian : ▁У Р АН - 2 ) ▁is ▁situated ▁there ▁too . ▁ ▁International ▁relations ▁ ▁T win ▁towns ▁– ▁sister ▁cities ▁Pol t ava ▁is ▁tw inned ▁with : ▁▁ ▁Vel |
iko ▁T arn ovo , ▁Bulg aria ▁( 1 9 6 3 ) ▁▁ ▁Fil der stadt , ▁Germany ▁▁ ▁Ost fil dern , ▁Germany ▁▁ ▁Iron de qu oit , ▁New ▁York , ▁United ▁States ▁▁ ▁Krist ian stad ▁, ▁Sweden ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁The ▁murder ▁of ▁the ▁Jews ▁of ▁Pol t ava ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁at ▁Y ad ▁V ash em ▁website . ▁▁▁ ▁Category : C ities ▁in ▁Pol t ava ▁O blast ▁Category : Pol t ava ▁Governor ate ▁Category : K iev ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁Category : C oss ack ▁Het man ate ▁Category : C ities ▁of ▁regional ▁significance ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁Category : Hol oca ust ▁locations ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁Category : O blast ▁cent ers ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁century <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁John ▁Walter ▁( 1 5 6 6 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁November ▁ 1 6 3 0 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁judge ▁and ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament . ▁ ▁Walter ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Bras en ose ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁and ▁the ▁Inner ▁Temple . ▁He ▁was ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁bar ▁in ▁ 1 5 9 0 ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁ben cher ▁of ▁his ▁inn ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 5 . ▁He ▁pract ised ▁in ▁the ▁Ex che quer ▁and ▁Ch anc ery ▁courts , ▁becoming ▁coun sel ▁to ▁Oxford ▁University , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 3 ▁was ▁appointed ▁att orney ▁general ▁and ▁trust ee ▁to |
▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁kn ight ed ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 9 , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 6 2 1 ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁Parliament ▁as ▁member ▁for ▁East ▁L oo e . ▁In ▁ 1 6 2 5 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Chief ▁Baron ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁the ▁Ex che quer . ▁Having ▁opposed ▁Charles ▁I ▁over ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁tre ason , ▁in ▁ 1 6 3 0 ▁he ▁was ▁ordered ▁not ▁to ▁sit ▁again ▁as ▁a ▁judge . ▁▁ ▁He ▁married , ▁first ly , ▁Margaret ▁Off ley , ▁daughter ▁of ▁William ▁Off ley , ▁and ▁they ▁had ▁two ▁children : ▁▁ ▁Sir ▁William ▁Walter , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron et ▁( c . ▁ 1 6 0 4 ▁– ▁ 1 6 7 5 ) ▁ ▁Elizabeth ▁Walter ▁( 1 6 1 3 – 1 7 0 1 ), ▁who ▁married ▁Sir ▁Francis ▁Bur d ett . ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁wife ▁he ▁was ▁rem ar ried , ▁in ▁ 1 6 2 2 , ▁to ▁Anne ▁With am , ▁daughter ▁of ▁William ▁With am . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁The ▁peer age ▁of ▁England , ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁second ▁son ▁named ▁David , ▁who ▁became ▁Lieutenant - General ▁of ▁the ▁Or dn ance . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁November ▁ 1 6 3 0 ▁and ▁was ▁buried ▁at ▁Wol ver c ote ▁in ▁Oxford shire . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Conc ise ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁National ▁Biography ▁www . the pe er |
age . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 5 6 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 6 3 0 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Oxford shire ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Bras en ose ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Inner ▁Temple ▁Category : English ▁kn ights ▁Category : Ch ief ▁Bar ons ▁of ▁the ▁Ex che quer ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁English ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁the ▁T ud or ▁period ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁pre - 1 7 0 7 ▁English ▁Parliament ▁for ▁constitu encies ▁in ▁Corn wall ▁Category : English ▁MP s ▁ 1 6 2 1 – 1 6 2 2 <0x0A> </s> ▁Upper ▁Canada ▁B rew ing ▁Company ▁is ▁a ▁division ▁of ▁S le eman ▁Bre wer ies ▁in ▁Gu el ph , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁F ounded ▁by ▁Frank ▁He aps ▁and ▁Larry ▁Sher wood ▁( of ▁Gran ville ▁Island ▁Bre wer y ) ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁it ▁started ▁bre wing ▁be er ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁grew ▁to ▁become ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁independent ▁bre wer ies ▁in ▁Canada . ▁ ▁While ▁an ▁independent , ▁the ▁bre wer y ' s ▁location ▁was ▁at ▁ 2 ▁Atlantic ▁A ve . ▁in ▁Toronto ▁and ▁included ▁a ▁" g ift ▁shop " ▁that ▁allowed ▁the ▁independent ▁bre wer ▁to ▁sell ▁alco hol ▁on ▁Sunday , ▁something ▁that ▁Ontario ' s ▁lic ensed ▁out let ▁Be er ▁Store ▁chain , ▁which ▁had ▁a |
▁virtual ▁mon opol y ▁on ▁be er ▁sales , ▁was ▁not ▁permitted ▁to ▁do ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁private ▁invest ors ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁went ▁public ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁and ▁was ▁finally ▁acquired ▁by ▁S le eman ▁Bre wer ies ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁S le eman ▁purchased ▁the ▁company ▁for ▁$ 2 8 ▁million ▁and ▁reduced ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁Upper ▁Canada ▁products ▁since ▁they ▁were ▁compet ing ▁with ▁the ▁S le eman ▁line . ▁The ▁new ▁own ers ▁also ▁closed ▁the ▁Toronto ▁bre wer y ▁and ▁moved ▁the ▁operations ▁to ▁its ▁Gu el ph , ▁Ontario ▁facility . ▁Two ▁br ands ▁are ▁manufact ured : ▁Upper ▁Canada ▁L ager , ▁a ▁German - style ▁l ager ▁and ▁Upper ▁Canada ▁Dark ▁Ale , ▁" with ▁a ▁robust ▁mal ty ▁character ▁and ▁a ▁rich ▁ch est nut ▁colour ". ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁sale ▁to ▁S le eman , ▁He aps ▁provided ▁some ▁fund ing ▁to ▁his ▁son ▁Camer on ▁and ▁his ▁partners ▁Greg ▁Taylor ▁and ▁Greg ▁C rom well , ▁all ▁formerly ▁employees ▁of ▁Upper ▁Canada , ▁who ▁opened ▁another ▁Toronto - based ▁bre wer y ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Ste am ▁Wh ist le ▁B rew ing . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁The ▁Bar ▁Tow el ▁ ▁Upper ▁Canada ▁B rew ing ▁Company ▁ ▁Category : Be er ▁bre wing ▁companies ▁based ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : Comp an |
ies ▁based ▁in ▁Gu el ph ▁Category : F ood ▁and ▁drink ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁Category : C uis ine ▁of ▁Ontario <0x0A> </s> ▁T ily ar ▁Lake ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁tour ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁H ary ana . ▁It ▁is ▁ 7 0 ▁kilom eters ▁from ▁New ▁Del hi ▁on ▁the ▁Del hi ▁– ▁F az il ka ▁highway ▁and ▁is ▁located ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Ro ht ak ▁in ▁H ary ana . ▁ ▁The ▁T ily ar ▁Lake ▁is ▁only ▁ 4 2 km ▁from ▁Del hi ▁border ▁and ▁T ily ar ▁Z oo ▁at ▁Ro ht ak ▁is ▁well ▁maintained ▁( entry ▁fee : ▁IN R 1 0 ▁- ▁adult s , ▁IN R 5 ▁- ▁k ids ) ▁and ▁worth ▁visit ing ▁spe cially ▁for ▁families . ▁Fish ing ▁is ▁perm iss ible ▁at ▁T ily ar ▁Lake ▁after ▁pay ing ▁IN R 2 0 0 ▁fish ing ▁fee . ▁ ▁The ▁lake ▁lies ▁in ▁a ▁ ▁area ▁and ▁forms ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁tour ist ▁setup , ▁making ▁it ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁green est ▁st ret ches ▁in ▁the ▁ad jo ining ▁area . ▁The ▁sp a cious ▁la wn s ▁and ▁the ▁scen ery ▁on ▁view ▁make ▁this ▁resort ▁a ▁great ▁place ▁to ▁relax , ▁and ▁people ▁visit |
▁from ▁as ▁far ▁away ▁as ▁M umb ai . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁excellent ▁spot ▁for ▁watching ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁birds ▁that ▁f lock ▁on ▁the ▁little ▁island ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁lake . ▁Entry ▁to ▁T ily ar ▁lake ▁is ▁free . ▁The ▁lake ▁complex ▁also ▁houses ▁Ro ht ak ▁Z oo . ▁ ▁M ini ▁zoo ▁H ary ana ▁had ▁many ▁mini ▁zo os ▁spread ▁across ▁the ▁state . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁H ary ana ▁decided ▁to ▁shut ▁these ▁down ▁and ▁replace ▁them ▁with ▁well ▁developed ▁vi able ▁zo os , ▁this ▁included ▁setting ▁up ▁the ▁zoo ▁at ▁Ro ht ak ▁within ▁T ily ar ▁Lake ▁complex . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁en clos ures ▁for ▁housing ▁animals ▁and ▁av i aries ▁for ▁birds ▁were ▁built . ▁Vis itor ▁facilities ▁such ▁as ▁land sc aping , ▁walk ways ▁& ▁tri als , ▁gard ens , ▁h il lock s , ▁la kes , ▁artificial ▁water falls , ▁ca fe , ▁visitor ▁to ile ts ▁& ▁rest ing ▁sh el ters , ▁watch ▁to wers , ▁drink ing ▁water ▁facilities ▁etc . ▁were ▁created . ▁Entry ▁is ▁only ▁IN R ▁ 1 0 ▁for ▁adult s ▁and ▁IN R ▁ 5 ▁for ▁k ids . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁animals ▁have ▁been ▁hous ed ▁in ▁this ▁zoo : ▁▁ ▁T iger ▁ ▁Leop ard ▁ ▁Fox ▁ ▁Hy ena ▁ ▁Wolf ▁ ▁G har ial ▁ ▁M ug ger ▁ ▁Hi pp op ot am |
us ▁ ▁H imal ay an ▁black ▁bear ▁ ▁Jack al ▁ ▁Ot ter ▁ ▁P ig - ta iled ▁mon key ▁ ▁Bab oon ▁ ▁Bon net ▁mac aque ▁ ▁Gray ▁lang ur ▁ ▁S amb har ▁ ▁Black bu ck ▁ ▁Ch ink ara ▁ ▁Indian ▁h og ▁de er ▁ ▁B ark ing ▁de er ▁ ▁Gu ine af ow l ▁ ▁Silver ▁p he asant ▁ ▁Fant ail ▁p ige on ▁ ▁C ock at iel ▁ ▁Album ▁A ▁travel og ue ▁coll age ▁of ▁pictures ▁of ▁T ily ar ▁Lake ▁and ▁Z oo ▁is ▁available ▁ ▁and ▁below ▁are ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁pictures ▁of ▁species ▁found ▁at ▁the ▁zoo ▁( p ictures ▁for ▁representation ▁only ): ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : W ild life ▁san ctu aries ▁in ▁H ary ana ▁Category : Ro ht ak ▁district ▁Category : L akes ▁of ▁H ary ana ▁Category : T our ism ▁in ▁H ary ana ▁Category : Z o os ▁in ▁H ary ana ▁Category : Ro ht ak <0x0A> </s> ▁Thomas ▁Thomas ▁R iley ▁was ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁Mor oc co ▁for ▁ 5 ▁years . ▁He ▁was ▁sw orn ▁in ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁and ▁arrived ▁at ▁his ▁post ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁King ▁Moh ammed ▁VI ▁awarded ▁Amb assador ▁R iley ▁the ▁" Gr and ▁Cro ix ▁du ▁Ord re ▁du ▁O u iss am ▁El ▁A la ou ite |
" ▁( Gr and ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁O u iss am ▁A la ou ite ). ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁following ▁the ▁inaug uration ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁President , ▁all ▁Amb ass adors ▁automatically ▁tender ▁their ▁res ign ations . ▁Amb assador ▁R iley ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁recip ient ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Department ' s ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Sue ▁M . ▁C obb ▁Award ▁for ▁Ex empl ary ▁Diplom atic ▁Service , ▁the ▁only ▁award ▁given ▁by ▁the ▁State ▁Department ▁to ▁a ▁political - app o inte e ▁Amb assador . ▁Thomas ▁R iley ▁was ▁Senior ▁V P ▁and ▁Man aging ▁Director ▁International ▁for ▁Sav vis , ▁Inc . ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁He ▁then ▁joined ▁Bright Source ▁Energy , ▁an ▁Oak land , ▁California - based ▁global ▁provider ▁of ▁utility ▁scale ▁solar ▁technology , ▁as ▁senior ▁advis er ▁for ▁International ▁business ▁development . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁R iley ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁San ▁Mate o , ▁California . ▁After ▁receiving ▁his ▁B S ▁in ▁Indust rial ▁Engineering ▁from ▁Stan ford ▁University , ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁engineer ▁at ▁Bo eing ▁for ▁one ▁year . ▁R iley ▁then ▁attended ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ▁ ▁where ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁M BA , ▁and ▁then ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁work ▁at ▁TR W ▁Mission ▁in ▁London ▁and ▁Paris . ▁ ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁US ▁after ▁ 4 ▁years ▁and ▁c of ounded ▁a ▁company ▁s elling ▁construction ▁equipment ▁to ▁East ▁Africa ▁( S om |
alia , ▁Ken ya , ▁Dj ib out i , ▁Sud an ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁he ▁began ▁an ▁almost ▁ 2 0 - year ▁career ▁in ▁Sil icon ▁Valley , ▁as ▁Product ▁Manager ▁for ▁an ▁advanced ▁electric ▁utility ▁meter ▁at ▁Rob inton ▁Product s ; ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁Unity ▁Systems , ▁manufact urer ▁of ▁an ▁autom ated ▁home ▁and ▁building ▁control ▁system ; ▁as ▁founder ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁Web ▁State , ▁an ▁online ▁training ▁company ; ▁and ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁Active Photo , ▁an ▁online ▁digital ▁image ▁service . ▁ ▁R iley ▁is ▁the ▁holder ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Pat ent ▁ 5 3 0 3 7 6 7 ▁for ▁an ▁energy ▁management ▁system . ▁ ▁R iley ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Nancy ▁Vie ira ▁da ▁Rosa ▁R iley , ▁a ▁former ▁tax ▁att orney ▁and ▁author ▁of ▁the ▁children ' s ▁book ▁" Mor oc can ▁Myst ery ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Pat ent ▁ 5 3 0 3 7 6 7 ▁ ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Chron icle ▁article ▁“ O ur ▁Man ▁in ▁Mor oc co ” ▁ ▁State ▁Magazine ▁( p . 2 0 ) ▁- ▁Sue ▁M . ▁C obb ▁Award ▁for ▁Ex empl ary ▁Diplom atic ▁Service ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁Mor oc co ▁Category : St an ford ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Har vard ▁Business ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁San |
▁Mate o , ▁California ▁Category : Gr and ▁Cross es ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁O u iss am ▁A la ou ite ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁State ▁Road run ners ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁State ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁college ▁football ▁season . ▁ ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁State ▁competed ▁as ▁an ▁Independent ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 0 . ▁They ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁California ▁Coast ▁Conference ▁( CC C ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁but ▁that ▁conference ▁dis band ed ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁season . ▁The ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁Road run ners ▁were ▁led ▁by ▁second - year ▁head ▁coach ▁Harold ▁Davis ▁and ▁played ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Pe ab ody ▁Stadium ▁in ▁Santa ▁Barbara , ▁California . ▁They ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁four ▁wins , ▁four ▁losses ▁and ▁one ▁tie ▁( 4 – 4 – 1 ). ▁Over all , ▁the ▁team ▁out sc ored ▁its ▁oppon ents ▁ 8 7 – 6 4 ▁for ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : UC ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁G auch os ▁football ▁seasons ▁Santa ▁Barbara ▁State ▁f ▁U C ▁Santa <0x0A> </s> ▁Ál var o ▁Me j ía ▁Cas tr ill ón ▁( born ▁January ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 |
7 ▁in ▁Santa ▁Rosa ▁de ▁Cab al , ▁Ris ar al da ▁Department ) ▁is ▁a ▁Colomb ian ▁former ▁professional ▁road ▁cycl ist . ▁ ▁Me j ía ▁took ▁up ▁cy cling ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 6 , ▁after ▁watching ▁L uch o ▁Herr era , ▁Fab io ▁Par ra ▁and ▁Ó scar ▁V arg as ▁racing ▁in ▁the ▁V uel ta ▁a ▁Colombia . ▁He ▁had ▁previously ▁competed ▁in ▁football ▁and ▁athlet ics , ▁having ▁been ▁national ▁junior ▁champion ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁metres . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁Under - 2 3 ▁V uel ta ▁a ▁Colombia ▁and ▁the ▁Cl ás ico ▁R CN . ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁young ▁r ider ▁classification ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁and ▁finished ▁fourth ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁U CI ▁Road ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Stuttgart , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁winning ▁break ▁alongside ▁Gian ni ▁B ugno , ▁Steven ▁Ro oks ▁and ▁Miguel ▁Ind ur ain . ▁Me j ía ▁joined ▁the ▁Motor ola ▁team ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 : ▁that ▁season ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁Vol ta ▁a ▁Catalunya ▁and ▁finished ▁fourth ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Tour ▁de ▁France . ▁Sub sequently ▁he ▁spent ▁two ▁more ▁seasons ▁with ▁Motor ola ▁before ▁finishing ▁his ▁road ▁racing ▁career ▁with ▁the ▁Pet role o ▁de ▁Colombia ▁team . ▁He ▁spent ▁two ▁more ▁years ▁racing ▁mountain ▁b ikes ▁before ▁ret iring ▁from |
▁competition . ▁During ▁his ▁career ▁he ▁also ▁won ▁other ▁stage ▁races ▁including ▁the ▁V uel ta ▁a ▁Mur cia , ▁Route ▁du ▁Sud ▁and ▁V uel ta ▁a ▁Gal icia . ▁ ▁After ▁ret iring ▁from ▁competition , ▁Me j ía ▁became ▁a ▁doctor ▁and ▁lect urer , ▁and ▁has ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁Techn ological ▁University ▁of ▁Pere ira ▁and ▁the ▁Universidad ▁And ina ▁in ▁Pere ira . ▁ ▁Career ▁achiev ements ▁ ▁Major ▁results ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁▁ 3 rd ▁Over all ▁Cl ás ico ▁R CN ▁ 1 st ▁Stage ▁ 7 ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁▁ 1 st ▁ ▁Over all ▁Cl ás ico ▁R CN ▁▁ 2 nd ▁Over all ▁V uel ta ▁a ▁Colombia ▁ 1 st ▁Pro log ue ▁& ▁Stage ▁ 6 ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁▁ 1 st ▁ ▁Over all ▁Cl ás ico ▁R CN ▁ 1 st ▁St ages ▁ 6 ▁& ▁ 8 ▁( IT T ) ▁▁ 3 rd ▁Tro fe o ▁Mas ferrer ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁▁ 2 nd ▁Over all ▁Cl ás ico ▁R CN ▁▁ 3 rd ▁Over all ▁Crit éri um ▁du ▁D au ph iné ▁Lib éré ▁ 1 st ▁Stage ▁ 8 ▁( IT T ) ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁▁ 1 st ▁ ▁Young ▁r ider ▁classification ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁▁ 1 st ▁ ▁Over all ▁Tour ▁of ▁Gal icia ▁ 1 st ▁Stage ▁ 3 ▁▁ 4 th ▁Road ▁race , ▁U CI ▁Road ▁World ▁Championships |
▁▁ 4 th ▁Over all ▁Vol ta ▁a ▁Catalunya ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁▁ 1 st ▁ ▁Over all ▁V uel ta ▁a ▁Mur cia ▁▁ 4 th ▁Over all ▁Cl ás ico ▁R CN ▁ 1 st ▁Pro log ue ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁▁ 1 st ▁ ▁Over all ▁Vol ta ▁a ▁Catalunya ▁▁ 3 rd ▁Over all ▁Tour ▁of ▁Gal icia ▁▁ 4 th ▁Over all ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁▁ 1 st ▁ ▁Over all ▁Route ▁du ▁Sud ▁▁ 6 th ▁Over all ▁V uel ta ▁a ▁Mur cia ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁▁ 4 th ▁Over all ▁Tour ▁Du P ont ▁▁ 8 th ▁Over all ▁Crit éri um ▁du ▁D au ph iné ▁Lib éré ▁ ▁Grand ▁Tour ▁general ▁classification ▁results ▁tim eline ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Article ▁on ▁Me j ía ▁from ▁di ari ov as co . com ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Santa ▁Rosa ▁de ▁Cab al ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁male ▁cycl ists ▁Category : T our ▁de ▁France ▁cycl ists ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁phys icians ▁Category : G iro ▁d ' Italia ▁cycl ists ▁Category : V uel ta ▁a ▁España ▁cycl ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁disc ourses , ▁behav i ours ▁and ▁structures ▁which ▁express ▁feelings ▁of ▁anx iety , ▁fear , ▁host ility |
▁and ▁re jection ▁towards ▁Islam ▁or ▁Muslim s ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁can ▁manifest ▁itself ▁through ▁disc rim ination ▁in ▁the ▁work force , ▁negative ▁coverage ▁in ▁the ▁media , ▁and ▁violence ▁against ▁Muslim s . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁ar son ▁attacks ▁against ▁mos ques ▁and ▁vehicle ▁ram ming ▁have ▁statist ically ▁ris en ▁against ▁Muslim s , ▁pre domin ately ▁in ▁England ▁and ▁Scotland . ▁ ▁In ▁employ ment ▁ ▁Many ▁studies ▁and ▁surve ys ▁have ▁concluded ▁that ▁Muslim s ▁face ▁disc rim ination ▁in ▁the ▁work ▁force . ▁Research ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁by ▁Dr ▁N abil ▁Kh att ab ▁and ▁Professor ▁Ron ▁John ston ▁using ▁data ▁from ▁the ▁Office ▁for ▁National ▁Statistics ' ▁Labour ▁Force ▁Survey ▁found ▁that ▁" Mus lim ▁men ▁were ▁up ▁to ▁ 7 6 % ▁less ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁job ▁of ▁any ▁kind ▁compared ▁to ▁white , ▁male ▁British ▁Christians ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁age ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁qual ifications ." ▁An ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁report ▁by ▁N abil ▁Kh att ab ▁and ▁Sh ere en ▁Hus sein ▁found ▁that ▁first - gener ation ▁Muslim ▁women ▁from ▁Bang l adesh ▁were ▁over ▁six ▁times ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁un emp loy ed ▁than ▁White ▁non - Mus lim ▁women ▁when ▁adjust ing ▁for ▁factors ▁such ▁as ▁" level ▁of ▁education , ▁family ▁situation ▁and ▁age ." ▁First ▁generation ▁Muslim ▁Pak ist ani ▁and ▁Muslim ▁Black ▁women ▁faced ▁less ▁disc |
rim ination ▁but ▁were ▁still ▁four ▁times ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁un emp loy ed ▁than ▁White ▁non - Mus lim ▁women ▁when ▁adjust ing ▁for ▁those ▁same ▁factors . ▁ ▁A ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Social ▁M ob ility ▁Commission ▁report ▁concluded ▁that ▁Muslim s ▁were ▁being ▁held ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁work place ▁by ▁w ides p read ▁Islam oph ob ia , ▁rac ism ▁and ▁disc rim ination . ▁Despite ▁out perform ing ▁their ▁non - Mus lim ▁counter parts ▁in ▁education , ▁Muslim s ▁were ▁roughly ▁half ▁as ▁likely ▁to ▁hold ▁higher ▁manager ial , ▁administrative , ▁and ▁professional ▁occup ations . ▁Al most ▁ 5 0 % ▁of ▁Muslim ▁households ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁pover ty , ▁compared ▁with ▁less ▁than ▁ 2 0 % ▁in ▁the ▁overall ▁population . ▁The ▁report ▁listed ▁bar riers ▁to ▁success ▁including ▁negative ▁s tere ot ypes ▁about ▁Muslim s , ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁Muslim ▁staff ▁or ▁role ▁models ▁in ▁the ▁class room , ▁bul lying , ▁and ▁har ass ment . ▁The ▁report ▁revealed ▁that ▁women ▁we aring ▁head scar fs ▁face ▁particular ▁disc rim ination ▁once ▁entering ▁the ▁work place . ▁Professor ▁Jac qu eline ▁Stevens on ▁of ▁She ff ield ▁Hall am ▁University ▁which ▁led ▁the ▁research , ▁stated ▁that ▁" Mus lim s ▁are ▁being ▁ex cluded , ▁disc rimin ated ▁against ▁or ▁failed ▁at ▁all ▁stages ▁of ▁their ▁transition ▁from ▁education ▁to ▁employ ment ." ▁ ▁In ▁education ▁ ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁in ▁schools |
▁is ▁a ▁growing ▁concern ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁since ▁pro jections ▁show ▁there ▁may ▁be ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Muslim ▁te en agers ▁in ▁the ▁education ▁system ▁by ▁ 2 0 2 1 . ▁Vari ous ▁inc idents ▁have ▁occurred ▁where ▁students ▁were ▁attacked ▁while ▁near ▁school ▁or ▁on ▁campus . ▁Studies ▁show ▁such ▁actions ▁are ▁increasing ly ▁common ▁after ▁trigger ▁inc id ences ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Manchester ▁bomb ing . ▁Women ▁and ▁girls ▁who ▁wear ▁head scar ves ▁are ▁especially ▁target ed . ▁Made ▁pre val ent ▁by ▁the ▁Tell ▁Me as uring ▁Anti - Mus lim ▁Att acks ▁( MA MA ) ▁organization , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁reported ▁that ▁around ▁ 6 % ▁or ▁ 5 3 ▁accounts ▁of ▁reported ▁inc idents ▁of ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁have ▁occurred ▁in ▁British ▁educational ▁institutions ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁inc idents ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁bul lying ▁and ▁ver bal ▁ab use ▁such ▁as ▁calling ▁a ▁fellow ▁peer ▁a ▁“ ter ror ist ” ▁or ▁ta un ting ▁religious ▁gar ments ▁like ▁that ▁of ▁a ▁hij ab . ▁The ▁Muslim ▁Student ▁Survey ▁was ▁sent ▁out ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁Union ▁of ▁Stud ents ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁gather ▁data ▁on ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁in ▁educational ▁environments . ▁In ▁this ▁survey , ▁nearly ▁ 3 3 % ▁of ▁Muslim ▁students ▁reported ▁either ▁ab use ▁or ▁crime ▁in ▁their ▁place ▁of ▁study . ▁Most ▁of |
▁these ▁reports ▁are ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁directly ▁related ▁to ▁Islam oph ob ia . ▁It ▁also ▁shows ▁a ▁dis connect ▁when ▁rel ating ▁to ▁such ▁students ▁since ▁only ▁about ▁four ▁in ▁ten ▁reported ▁Muslim ▁students ▁feel ▁their ▁student ▁govern ments ▁understand ▁their ▁needs . ▁Even ▁in ▁Wales , ▁teachers ▁in ▁ 1 6 ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 2 ▁local ▁authorities ▁have ▁reached ▁out ▁to ▁an ▁Anti - R ac ism ▁char ity , ▁Show ▁R ac ism ▁the ▁Red - Card , ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁inc idents ▁of ▁rac ism ▁in ▁their ▁schools . ▁ ▁In ▁air ports ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Muslim ▁mental ▁health ▁worker ▁who ▁helps ▁to ▁prevent ▁radical isation ▁Fa iz ah ▁Sh a he en , ▁was ▁det ained ▁at ▁Don c aster ▁She ff ield ▁Airport ▁under ▁Sch edule ▁ 7 ▁of ▁the ▁T error ism ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁for ▁reading ▁Sy ria ▁Spe aks : ▁Art ▁and ▁Culture ▁from ▁the ▁Front line ▁on ▁a ▁Thom son ▁Air ways ▁plane . ▁Sh a he en ▁claimed ▁she ▁was ▁target ed ▁and ▁sing led ▁out ▁because ▁she ▁was ▁Muslim . ▁Green ▁Party ▁leader ▁Natal ie ▁Ben nett , ▁director ▁of ▁English ▁P EN ▁Jo ▁G lan ville , ▁and ▁co - editor ▁of ▁Sy ria ▁Spe aks ▁Z ah er ▁Om are en ▁expressed ▁out rage ▁at ▁the ▁incident . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Sh a he en ▁su ed ▁Thom son ▁Air ways ▁asking ▁for ▁an ▁ap |
ology . ▁The ▁company ▁said ▁that ▁their ▁crew ▁were ▁trained ▁to ▁report ▁" any ▁concerns ▁they ▁may ▁have ▁as ▁a ▁pre ca ution ." ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Muhammad ▁Rab ban i , ▁the ▁international ▁director ▁of ▁C AGE , ▁was ▁arrested ▁and ▁conv icted ▁under ▁schedule ▁ 7 ▁of ▁the ▁T error ism ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁for ▁failing ▁to ▁hand ▁over ▁passwords ▁for ▁an ▁iPhone ▁and ▁a ▁laptop , ▁which ▁he ▁said ▁contained ▁sensitive ▁information ▁from ▁a ▁tort ure ▁victim . ▁He ▁was ▁stopped ▁by ▁police ▁after ▁flying ▁into ▁He ath row ▁Airport ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁from ▁Q atar , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁investig ating ▁a ▁tort ure ▁case ▁alleg edly ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Rab ban i ▁and ▁his ▁law y ers ▁argued ▁that ▁he ▁should ▁not ▁have ▁to ▁hand ▁over ▁the ▁password ▁because ▁it ▁would ▁expose ▁sensitive ▁information ▁given ▁to ▁him ▁by ▁a ▁third ▁party . ▁His ▁arrest ▁and ▁conv iction ▁spark ed ▁out rage ▁and ▁protest s ▁outside ▁the ▁court ▁building ▁in ▁central ▁London ▁where ▁his ▁case ▁was ▁heard ▁by ▁people ▁who ▁believed ▁the ▁case ▁represented ▁a ▁government ▁over re ach ▁with ▁regards ▁to ▁counter ter ror ism ▁stop - and - search ▁powers ▁and ▁profil ing ▁of ▁Muslim s . ▁Rab ban i ▁released ▁a ▁statement ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁September ▁saying ▁he ▁would ▁file ▁for ▁an ▁appeal . ▁ ▁In ▁politics ▁ ▁Some ▁raised ▁concerns ▁over ▁the ▁comments ▁made ▁about ▁then ▁candidate |
▁for ▁mayor , ▁S adi q ▁Khan ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁London ▁mayor al ▁election ▁which ▁attempted ▁to ▁link ▁Khan ▁to ▁Islam ist ▁extrem ists . ▁Public ▁opinion ▁pol ling ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁showed ▁that ▁ 3 1 % ▁of ▁London ers ▁were ▁" un com fort able " ▁with ▁the ▁prospect ▁of ▁a ▁Muslim ▁mayor . ▁The ▁V ote ▁Le ave ▁campaign ▁during ▁leading ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁Bre x it ▁vote ▁was ▁also ▁critic ized ▁as ▁frequently ▁port ray ing ▁Muslim ▁imm igr ants ▁as ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁future ▁of ▁the ▁country . ▁The ▁government ▁issued ▁Case y ▁Review ▁into ▁Integr ation ▁and ▁O pport unity ▁which ▁aim ed ▁to ▁examine ▁the ▁conditions ▁for ▁imm igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁was ▁critic ized ▁for ▁its ▁over ▁focus ▁of ▁the ▁Muslim ▁community , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁deeper ▁method ical ▁fail ings . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁over ▁a ▁third ▁of ▁Muslim s ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁said ▁polit icians ▁often ▁make ▁big oted ▁comments ▁towards ▁Muslim s . ▁In ▁addition , ▁current ▁British ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Bor is ▁Johnson ▁has ▁also ▁had ▁a ▁history ▁inter tw ined ▁with ▁is lam oph ob ia ▁writing ▁in ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁“ The ▁Dream ▁of ▁Rome ” ▁that ▁there ▁must ▁be ▁something ▁about ▁Islam ▁that ▁has ▁caused ▁them ▁to ▁be ▁“ liter ally ▁centuries ▁behind .” ▁Furthermore , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Johnson ▁compared ▁Muslim ▁women ▁we aring ▁ve ils ▁to ▁“ letter ▁boxes ” ▁and |
▁“ bank ▁ro bb ers ” ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁strong push ▁back ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁media . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Conserv ative ▁MP ▁Bob ▁Black man ▁was ▁critic ised ▁for ▁hosting ▁a ▁parliament ary ▁event ▁attended ▁by ▁far - right ▁H indu ▁national ist ▁T apan ▁Gh osh . ▁The ▁conference ▁was ▁also ▁attended ▁by ▁Home ▁Secretary ▁Am ber ▁Rud d ▁and ▁First ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁Dam ian ▁Green , ▁who ▁dist anced ▁themselves ▁from ▁Gh osh ' s ▁views ▁a ▁week ▁afterwards . ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁event , ▁Gh osh ▁had ▁pra ised ▁the ▁per sec ution ▁of ▁Muslim s ▁in ▁My an mar , ▁said ▁Muslim s ▁were ▁" all ▁j ih ad is ," ▁and ▁that ▁Muslim s ▁should ▁be ▁forced ▁to ▁leave ▁their ▁religion ▁if ▁they ▁come ▁to ▁a ▁western ▁country . ▁Black man ▁respond ed ▁to ▁criticism ▁saying ▁did ▁not ▁regret ▁sharing ▁a ▁platform ▁with ▁Gh osh ▁and ▁that ▁Gh osh ▁was ▁not ▁Islam oph ob ic . ▁The ▁Muslim ▁Council ▁of ▁Britain ▁condem ned ▁parliament ▁for ▁wel coming ▁" a ▁man ▁who ▁tr ades ▁in ▁propag ating ▁hat red ▁against ▁Muslim s ▁in ▁India ." ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁October , ▁Labour ▁MP ▁Naz ▁Shah ▁wrote ▁to ▁Home ▁Secretary ▁Am ber ▁Rud d ▁asking ▁why ▁Gh osh ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁UK ▁vis a . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁The ▁Muslim ▁Council ▁of ▁Britain ▁wrote ▁to ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁calling ▁for ▁an ▁ur gent ▁inqu iry ▁following |
▁a ▁number ▁of ▁alleg ations ▁of ▁Islam oph ob ia . ▁A ▁Conserv ative ▁coun c ill or ▁Stephen ▁Ar d ley ▁had ▁been ▁susp ended ▁after ▁he ▁alleg edly ▁posted ▁Islam oph ob ic ▁comments ▁about ▁the ▁Mayor ▁of ▁London , ▁S adi q ▁Khan . ▁Ar d ley ▁had ▁said ▁it ▁was ▁" un bel iev able " ▁that ▁a ▁Muslim ▁had ▁been ▁elected ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁describe ▁those ▁who ▁voted ▁for ▁him ▁as ▁" bl ind ". ▁The ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁formal ▁inqu iry ▁into ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁in ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁former ▁T ory ▁cabinet ▁minister ▁Say e eda ▁War si ▁as ▁being ▁" long ▁over due ". ▁In ▁fact , ▁in ▁recent ▁pol ling , ▁date ▁shows ▁that ▁ 6 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁party ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁Islam ▁is ▁a ▁general ▁threat ▁to ▁the ▁well - be ing ▁of ▁Western ▁civil ization . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁media ▁ ▁The ▁British ▁media ▁began ▁adopt ing ▁the ▁term ▁' I sl am oph ob ia ' ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁rise ▁in ▁negative ▁feelings ▁towards ▁the ▁Muslim ▁community . ▁A ▁report ▁from ▁the ▁R unn ym ede ▁Trust ▁later ▁served ▁to ▁more ▁dram atically ▁move ▁the ▁issue ▁into ▁the ▁public ▁light ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁media , ▁particularly ▁the ▁Daily ▁Mail ▁and ▁the ▁Daily ▁Express , ▁have ▁been ▁critic ised ▁for ▁in app ropri ate ▁comments ▁on ▁migr |
ants , ▁imm igration ▁and ▁Muslim s . ▁A ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁survey ▁by ▁City ▁University , ▁London ▁of ▁journal ists ▁found ▁an ▁under re presentation ▁of ▁Muslim s ▁in ▁the ▁field . ▁Only ▁ 0 . 4 % ▁of ▁British ▁journal ists ▁identified ▁as ▁Muslim ▁or ▁H indu , ▁ 3 1 . 6 % ▁were ▁Christian , ▁and ▁ 6 1 . 1 % ▁had ▁" no ▁religion ." ▁C ited ▁in ▁a ▁report ▁covering ▁the ▁eth ics ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Press , ▁Lord ▁Justice ▁Le ves on ▁wrote ▁that ▁“ the ▁evidence ▁demonstr ates ▁that ▁sections ▁of ▁the ▁press ▁bet ray ▁a ▁t endency , ▁which ▁is ▁far ▁from ▁being ▁universal ▁or ▁even ▁pre ponder ant , ▁to ▁port ray ▁Muslim s ▁in ▁a ▁negative ▁light .” ▁▁ ▁An ▁academic ▁paper ▁by ▁K aty ▁S ian ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁journal ▁South ▁Asian ▁Popular ▁Culture ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁expl ored ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁how ▁" for ced ▁conversion ▁narr atives " ▁arose ▁around ▁the ▁S ikh ▁di as por a ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁S ian , ▁who ▁reports ▁that ▁claims ▁of ▁conversion ▁through ▁court ship ▁on ▁camp uses ▁are ▁w ides p read ▁in ▁the ▁UK , ▁says ▁that ▁rather ▁than ▁re lying ▁on ▁actual ▁evidence ▁they ▁primarily ▁rest ▁on ▁the ▁word ▁of ▁" a ▁friend ▁of ▁a ▁friend " ▁or ▁on ▁personal ▁an ec d ote . ▁According ▁to ▁S ian , ▁the ▁narr ative ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁accus ations ▁of ▁" |
white ▁sla very " ▁lod ged ▁against ▁the ▁Jewish ▁community ▁and ▁foreign ers ▁to ▁the ▁UK ▁and ▁the ▁US , ▁with ▁the ▁former ▁having ▁t ies ▁to ▁anti - sem it ism ▁that ▁mirror ▁the ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁bet rayed ▁by ▁the ▁modern ▁narr ative . ▁S ian ▁expanded ▁on ▁these ▁views ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ' s ▁M ist aken ▁Ident ities , ▁For ced ▁Con versions , ▁and ▁Post colon ial ▁Form ations . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁BBC ▁Radio ▁ 4 ▁acknowled ged ▁a ▁compla int ▁that ▁it ▁failed ▁to ▁properly ▁introduce ▁or ▁challenge ▁Frank ▁G aff ney ' s ▁" con sp i racy ▁theories ▁about ▁Muslim s ▁and ▁Islam " ▁when ▁he ▁appeared ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁on ▁Today . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁article ▁for ▁The ▁Independent , ▁writer ▁S uf yan ▁Is mail ▁was ▁critical ▁of ▁the ▁media ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Beck ton ▁acid ▁attack , ▁stating ▁that ▁most ▁main stream ▁media ▁failed ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁incident ▁or ▁" at ▁best ▁re leg ated ▁it ▁to ▁a ▁minor ▁story ". ▁Is mail ▁suggested ▁that ▁had ▁the ▁roles ▁of ▁the ▁vict ims ▁and ▁perpet r ator ▁been ▁revers ed ▁the ▁case ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁head line ▁news . ▁He ▁compared ▁the ▁acid ▁attack ▁to ▁violent ▁hate - m ur ders ▁of ▁Muslim s ▁that ▁had ▁received ▁little ▁coverage ▁in ▁contrast ▁with ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Jo ▁C ox ▁or ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Lee ▁R |
ig by . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁The ▁Sun ▁published ▁a ▁column ▁by ▁Tre vor ▁K avan agh ▁which ▁question ed ▁what ▁actions ▁British ▁society ▁should ▁take ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁" The ▁Muslim ▁Problem ". ▁K avan agh ▁c ited ▁an ▁opinion ▁piece ▁by ▁Labour ▁Sh adow ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Women ▁and ▁Equ al ities ▁Sarah ▁Champion ▁MP ▁several ▁days ▁previously ▁as ▁a ▁reason ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁" now ▁acceptable " ▁to ▁describe ▁Muslim s ▁as ▁a ▁" specific ▁rather ▁than ▁cultural ▁problem ". ▁Se an ▁O ' Gr ady ▁of ▁The ▁Independent ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁column ▁used ▁language ▁rem in is cent ▁of ▁Naz i ▁propag anda ▁and ▁Naz i ▁phr ases . ▁ ▁A ▁joint ▁compla int ▁was ▁made ▁to ▁IP SO ▁by ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Deput ies ▁of ▁British ▁Jews , ▁Tell ▁MA MA ▁and ▁Fa ith ▁Mat ters . ▁A ▁statement ▁by ▁the ▁groups ▁said : ▁" The ▁printing ▁of ▁the ▁phrase ▁' The ▁Muslim ▁Problem ' ▁– ▁particularly ▁with ▁the ▁capital isation ▁and ▁ital ics ▁for ▁emphas is ▁– ▁in ▁a ▁national ▁newspaper ▁sets ▁a ▁dangerous ▁preced ent , ▁and ▁h arks ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁phrase ▁' The ▁Jewish ▁Problem ' ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁century ." ▁A ▁cross - party ▁group ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 ▁MP s ▁from ▁the ▁Conserv atives , ▁Labour , ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Democr ats ▁and ▁the ▁Gre ens ▁subsequently ▁signed ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁the ▁editor ▁of ▁The ▁Sun ▁demand ing ▁action ▁over ▁the |
▁column . ▁The ▁letter ▁stated ▁the ▁MP s ▁" w ere ▁truly ▁out rag ed ▁by ▁the ▁hate ▁and ▁big ot ry " ▁in ▁K avan agh ' s ▁column . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁justice ▁system ▁ ▁A ▁r uling ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁by ▁the ▁European ▁Court ▁of ▁Human ▁Rights ▁effectively ▁cleared ▁of ▁criminal ▁responsibility ▁security ▁officials ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁killing ▁of ▁Jean ▁Charles ▁de ▁M enez es ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁De ▁M enez es ▁was ▁tra iled ▁and ▁then ▁shot ▁dead ▁at ▁London ' s ▁Stock well ▁t ube ▁station ▁by ▁j um py ▁security ▁officers ▁who ▁mist ook ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁suic ide ▁bom ber ▁a ▁fort night ▁after ▁multiple ▁bomb ings ▁on ▁the ▁capital ' s ▁transport ▁network ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Crit ics ▁of ▁the ▁r uling ▁claimed ▁that ▁it ▁u ph eld ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁the ▁authorities ▁to ▁kill ▁potentially ▁innoc ent ▁people ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁mere ▁supp osition ▁and ▁ra cial / rel ig ious ▁pre jud ice . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁police ▁officers ▁war ned ▁a ▁Muslim ▁doctor , ▁N ail a ▁Im ran , ▁against ▁pressing ▁charges ▁following ▁anti - Mus lim ▁har ass ment ▁as ▁a ▁counter ▁claim ▁could ▁lead ▁to ▁her ▁" be ing ▁arrested ." ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁R unn ym ede ▁Trust ▁and ▁University ▁of ▁Green wich ▁study ▁found ▁that ▁being ▁black ▁or ▁Muslim ▁doubles ▁a ▁prisoner ' s |
▁ch ances ▁( 4 0 %) ▁of ▁having ▁worse ▁prison ▁experiences , ▁which ▁includes ▁having ▁rest raint s ▁used ▁against ▁them ▁and ▁being ▁put ▁into ▁seg reg ation ▁in ▁past ▁six ▁months , ▁compared ▁with ▁white ▁or ▁non - Mus lim ▁prisoners ▁( 2 1 %). ▁They ▁were ▁also ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁on ▁the ▁lowest ▁r ung ▁of ▁the ▁prison ▁re wards ▁and ▁pun ishment ▁scheme , ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁put ▁into ▁seg reg ation ▁and ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁rest raint ▁used ▁against ▁them . ▁Al most ▁a ▁third ▁of ▁Muslim ▁prisoners ▁( 2 9 %) ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁prison ▁jobs ▁or ▁attend ▁education ▁courses , ▁compared ▁with ▁ 1 7 % ▁of ▁Christian ▁prisoners . ▁R unn ym ede ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁dis cre p ancy ▁in ▁treatment ▁particularly ▁affect s ▁re h abil itation . ▁ ▁Def ining ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁Result ing ▁from ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁w ides p read ▁accept ance ▁and ▁cons ensus , ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁the ▁British ▁Government ▁failed ▁to ▁adopt ▁a ▁concrete ▁definition ▁for ▁is lam oph ob ia . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁All ▁Party ▁Parliament ary ▁Group ▁on ▁Muslim s , ▁Professor ▁Peter ▁Hop kins ▁of ▁the ▁Centre ▁for ▁H ate ▁Studies ▁at ▁Le ic ester ▁University ▁stated ▁that ▁by ▁not ▁adopt ing ▁a ▁concrete ▁definition ▁for ▁is lam oph ob ia ▁it ▁may ▁“ enc ou rage ▁some ▁people ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁den y ▁that ▁Islam oph ob |
ia ▁is ▁an ▁issue ▁in ▁society .” ▁ ▁S tere ot ypes ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁ 7 / 7 ▁attacks ▁on ▁the ▁London ▁Under ground , ▁the ▁Commission ▁on ▁British ▁Muslim s ▁and ▁Islam oph ob ia , ▁war ned ▁that ▁increased ▁attacks ▁against ▁individuals ▁and ▁mos ques , ▁was ▁resulting ▁in ▁bit tern ess ▁that ▁created ▁violent ▁" time - b omb s ". ▁ ▁H ate ▁cr imes ▁▁ ▁Some ▁Muslim s ▁have ▁been ▁vict ims ▁of ▁violence ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁religion . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁The ▁Guardian ▁commission ed ▁an ▁IC M ▁poll ▁which ▁indicated ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁anti - Mus lim ▁inc idents , ▁particularly ▁after ▁the ▁London ▁bomb ings ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Another ▁survey ▁of ▁Muslim s , ▁this ▁by ▁the ▁Open ▁Society ▁Institute , ▁found ▁that ▁of ▁those ▁pol led ▁ 3 2 % ▁believed ▁they ▁had ▁suffered ▁religious ▁disc rim ination ▁at ▁air ports , ▁and ▁ 8 0 % ▁said ▁they ▁had ▁experienced ▁Islam oph ob ia . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁a ▁report ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ex eter ' s ▁European ▁Muslim ▁research ▁centre ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁anti - Mus lim ▁hate ▁cr imes ▁has ▁increased , ▁r anging ▁from ▁" de ath ▁thre ats ▁and ▁murder ▁to ▁persistent ▁low - level ▁assault s , ▁such ▁as ▁sp itting ▁and ▁name - call ing ," ▁for ▁which ▁the |
▁media ▁and ▁polit icians ▁have ▁been ▁bl amed ▁with ▁fuel ing ▁anti - Mus lim ▁hat red . ▁The ▁Islam oph ob ic ▁inc idents ▁it ▁described ▁include : ▁" Ne il ▁Lew ington , ▁a ▁violent ▁extrem ist ▁national ist ▁conv icted ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁of ▁a ▁bomb ▁plot ; ▁Ter ence ▁G avan , ▁a ▁violent ▁extrem ist ▁national ist ▁conv icted ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁of ▁manufact uring ▁n ail ▁bomb s ▁and ▁other ▁explos ives , ▁fire ar ms ▁and ▁weapons ; ▁a ▁gang ▁attack ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁on ▁Muslim ▁students ▁at ▁City ▁University ; ▁the ▁murder ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁of ▁Muslim ▁p ension er , ▁I k ram ▁Sy ed ▁ul - Ha q ; ▁a ▁serious ▁assault ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁on ▁the ▁Im am ▁at ▁London ▁Central ▁Mos que ; ▁and ▁an ▁ar son ▁attack ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁on ▁Green wich ▁Islam ic ▁Centre ." ▁Other ▁Islam oph ob ic ▁inc idents ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁report ▁include ▁" Y as ir , ▁a ▁young ▁Mor oc can ," ▁being ▁" near ly ▁killed ▁while ▁waiting ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁bus ▁from ▁Will es den ▁to ▁Reg ent ' s ▁Park ▁in ▁London " ▁and ▁" left ▁in ▁a ▁com a ▁for ▁three ▁months "; ▁" M oh ammed ▁Ko he lee ," ▁a ▁" c aret aker ▁who ▁suffered ▁burn s ▁to ▁his ▁body ▁while |
▁trying ▁to ▁prevent ▁an ▁ar son ▁attack ▁against ▁Green wich ▁Mos que "; ▁" the ▁murder " ▁of ▁" To oting ▁p ension er ▁Ek ram ▁Ha que " ▁who ▁" was ▁brut ally ▁be aten ▁to ▁death ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁his ▁three ▁year ▁old ▁grand d augh ter " ▁by ▁a ▁" race - h ate " ▁gang ; ▁and ▁" pol ice ▁officers " ▁being ▁injured ▁" d uring ▁an ▁English ▁Def ence ▁League ▁( ED L ) ▁march ▁in ▁Sto ke ." ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁fans ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁football ▁club ▁New castle ▁United ▁directed ▁anti - Mus lim ▁ch ants ▁at ▁Egypt ian ▁M idd les br ough ▁F . C . ▁stri ker ▁M ido . ▁An ▁FA ▁investigation ▁was ▁launched ▁He ▁revealed ▁his ▁anger ▁at ▁The ▁FA ' s ▁investigation , ▁bel ieving ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁make ▁no ▁difference ▁to ▁any ▁future ▁ab use . ▁Two ▁men ▁were ▁eventually ▁arrested ▁over ▁the ▁chant ing ▁and ▁were ▁due ▁to ▁appear ▁at ▁Te ess ide ▁Mag istr ates ▁Court . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁report ▁by ▁Professor ▁N ig el ▁Cop sey ▁of ▁Te ess ide ▁University , ▁concluded ▁that ▁between ▁ 4 0 % ▁and ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁mos ques ▁and ▁other ▁Islam ic ▁cent ers ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁had ▁suffered ▁v andal ism ▁or ▁ar son . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁week ▁following ▁the ▁London ▁Bridge ▁attack ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 |
, ▁anti - Mus lim ▁hate ▁cr imes ▁increased ▁five fold . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁largest ▁increase ▁in ▁hate ▁cr imes ▁against ▁Muslim s ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁since ▁the ▁similar ▁back l ash ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Mur der ▁of ▁Lee ▁R ig by . ▁Ac id ▁attacks ▁against ▁Muslim s ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Beck ton ▁acid ▁attack ▁have ▁also ▁ris en . ▁Days ▁after ▁the ▁London ▁Bridge ▁attack , ▁a ▁man ▁named ▁Dar ren ▁Os bor ne ▁intention ally ▁ram med ▁a ▁van ▁into ▁Muslim s ▁coming ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁mos que ▁in ▁London , ▁killing ▁one ▁and ▁leaving ▁ 1 0 ▁people ▁injured . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁West ▁York shire ▁Police ▁launched ▁a ▁hate ▁crime ▁investigation ▁after ▁letters ▁threaten ing ▁acid ▁attacks ▁on ▁Muslim s ▁were ▁posted ▁in ▁Brad ford . ▁The ▁police ▁said ▁the ▁thre ats ▁were ▁" ext rem ely ▁seriously " ▁increased ▁pat rol s ▁in ▁Han over ▁Square , ▁a ▁mainly ▁Muslim ▁inner - city ▁area ▁where ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁residents ▁received ▁the ▁letters ▁last ▁week . ▁The ▁literature ▁shows ▁an ▁image ▁of ▁a ▁sword ▁and ▁the ▁Saint ▁George ' s ▁Flag ▁with ▁the ▁words : ▁" K ill ▁sc um ▁Muslim s ." ▁ ▁An ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Press ▁Association ▁investigation ▁found ▁that ▁hate ▁cr imes ▁target ing ▁mos ques ▁and ▁other ▁Muslim ▁places ▁of ▁worship ▁across ▁the ▁UK ▁more ▁than ▁double d ▁between ▁ 2 0 1 6 |
▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁same ▁month , ▁during ▁H ate ▁Crime ▁A war eness ▁Week , ▁Associ ate ▁Professor ▁of ▁C rimin ology ▁at ▁B irmingham ▁City ▁University ▁Im ran ▁A wan ▁and ▁L ect urer ▁in ▁C rimin ology ▁at ▁Not ting ham ▁Tr ent ▁University ▁I rene ▁Z em pi ▁presented ▁research ▁at ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁showing ▁that ▁some ▁non - Mus lim ▁men ▁suffered ▁ver bal , ▁physical ▁and ▁emot ional ▁ab use ▁because ▁they ▁looked ▁Muslim . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁letters ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁people ▁in ▁East ▁London ▁calling ▁for ▁a ▁" P un ish ▁a ▁Muslim ▁Day ", ▁with ▁a ▁points ▁system ▁to ▁award ▁people ▁for ▁acts ▁of ▁hat red ▁toward ▁Muslim s . ▁Police ▁said ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁cred ible ▁evidence ▁of ▁a ▁planned ▁attack , ▁and ▁in ▁June ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁a ▁man ▁from ▁Lincoln ▁was ▁arrested ▁and ▁charged ▁with ▁four teen ▁criminal ▁off ences ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁hate ▁mail ▁campaign . ▁At ▁his ▁trial ▁at ▁the ▁Old ▁Ba iley ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁he ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁fifteen ▁charges ▁rel ating ▁to ▁the ▁" P un ish ▁a ▁Muslim ▁Day " ▁letters ▁and ▁other ▁correspond ences ▁sent ▁to ▁individuals , ▁public ▁figures ▁and ▁organis ations . ▁ ▁Organ is ations ▁ ▁English ▁Def ence ▁League ▁▁ ▁The ▁emer gence ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁Def ence ▁League ▁has ▁resulted ▁in ▁demonstr ations ▁in ▁English ▁cities ▁with ▁large ▁Muslim ▁populations . |
▁The ▁ED L ▁is ▁a ▁far - right , ▁anti - I sl am ▁street ▁protest ▁movement ▁which ▁oppos es ▁what ▁it ▁cons iders ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁spread ▁of ▁Islam ism , ▁Sh aria ▁law ▁and ▁Islam ic ▁extrem ism ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁The ▁ED L ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁Islam oph ob ic . ▁It ▁has ▁had ▁confront ations ▁with ▁various ▁groups , ▁including ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁Un ite ▁Again st ▁F asc ism ▁( U AF ) ▁and ▁An onymous . ▁ ▁Co - found er ▁and ▁political ▁activ ist ▁Tommy ▁Robinson ▁left ▁the ▁group ▁after ▁four ▁years ▁to ▁take ▁on ▁a ▁more ▁peace ful ▁and ▁political ▁approach , ▁and ▁wor ried ▁about ▁the ▁d angers ▁of ▁right - wing ▁extrem ism . ▁ ▁Of ▁the ▁online ▁is lam oph ic ▁attacks ▁reports ▁received ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁by ▁the ▁Tell ▁Me as uring ▁Anti - Mus lim ▁Att acks ▁( MA MA ) ▁organization , ▁ 6 9 % ▁had ▁a ▁connection ▁to ▁the ▁far ▁right ▁including ▁the ▁English ▁Def ense ▁League . ▁ ▁Scottish ▁Def ence ▁League ▁▁ ▁The ▁SD L ▁are ▁similar ▁to ▁their ▁counter part ▁and ▁are ▁very ▁closely ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁ED L . ▁They ▁are ▁seen ▁as ▁Scotland ' s ▁main ▁anti - I sl am ic ▁group . ▁The ▁SD L ▁hold ▁regular ▁demonstr ations ▁in ▁Scottish ▁cities . ▁The ▁group ▁is ▁mainly ▁active ▁in ▁Edinburgh , ▁F ife ▁and ▁Glasgow . ▁ ▁Two - time ▁murder er ▁Ron |
nie ▁C oul ter ▁was ▁seen ▁in ▁attend ance ▁at ▁a ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁SD L ▁demonstr ation ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁ ▁Thomas ▁Con ington ▁who ▁pet rol ▁bom bed ▁the ▁Edinburgh ▁Central ▁Mos que ▁and ▁received ▁ 4 ▁years ▁in ▁prison ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁is ▁alleg ed ▁to ▁be ▁associated ▁with ▁SD L ▁members . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁an ▁SD L ▁supp orter ▁was ▁found ▁guilty ▁of ▁kick ing ▁on ▁the ▁body ▁and ▁p unch ing ▁on ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁an ▁anti - f asc ist ▁protest er ▁who ▁was ▁hand ing ▁out ▁anti - rac ism ▁leaf lets ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁It ▁was ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁he ▁called ▁the ▁other ▁fellow ▁protest ers , ▁in ▁particular ▁a ▁black ▁South ▁African ▁woman , ▁a ▁mon key . ▁He ▁received ▁ 1 2 ▁months ▁community ▁service . ▁Also ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁former ▁Scottish ▁Labour ▁Party ▁Deput y ▁Le ader ▁An as ▁Sar war ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁he ▁faced ▁death ▁thre ats ▁from ▁the ▁SD L . ▁ ▁British ▁National ▁Party ▁▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁British ▁National ▁Party ▁launched ▁a ▁campaign ▁against ▁supposed ▁plans ▁for ▁a ▁mos que ▁that ▁local ▁authorities ▁said ▁did ▁not ▁exist . ▁ ▁O pp osition ▁Several ▁organis ations ▁exist ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁to ▁combat ▁Islam oph ob ia . ▁Tell ▁MA MA ▁is ▁an ▁organisation ▁that ▁mon itors ▁and ▁records ▁hate ▁cr imes ▁against |
▁Muslim s . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁passage ▁of ▁Executive ▁Order ▁ 1 3 7 6 9 ▁by ▁U . S . ▁President ▁Donald ▁Trump , ▁protest s ▁took ▁place ▁all ▁across ▁the ▁country ▁by ▁non - Mus lim ▁Brit ons ▁in ▁solid ar ity ▁with ▁British ▁Muslim s ▁and ▁Muslim ▁refuge es . ▁ ▁Following ▁a ▁protest ▁by ▁the ▁ED L ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁B irmingham ▁Central ▁Mos que ▁held ▁a ▁tea ▁party ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁counter ing ▁those ▁demonstr ations ▁and ▁prom oting ▁inter fa ith ▁dialog ue . ▁The ▁tea ▁party ▁ended ▁up ▁receiving ▁more ▁participants ▁than ▁the ▁original ▁ED L ▁march . ▁ ▁J - V o ice , ▁a ▁social ist ▁and ▁progress ive ▁Jewish ▁community ▁project , ▁has ▁condem ned ▁what ▁it ▁refers ▁to ▁as ▁a ▁" a ▁rise ▁in ▁hat red ▁towards ▁Muslim s " ▁and ▁called ▁for ▁Muslim s ▁and ▁Jews ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁to ▁remain ▁un ited ▁against ▁the ▁" far - right ." ▁Following ▁a ▁meeting ▁between ▁Manchester ' s ▁Jewish ▁community ▁and ▁Tommy ▁Robinson , ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Deput ies ▁of ▁British ▁Jews ▁stated ▁that ▁" Rob inson ’ s ▁record ▁of ▁anti - Mus lim ▁prov ocation ▁means ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁never ▁be ▁a ▁partner ▁of ▁a ▁respect able ▁or ▁main stream ▁Jewish ▁organisation ." ▁ ▁Based ▁out ▁of ▁London , ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Commission ▁( I H RC ) ▁is ▁a ▁UK ▁human ▁rights ▁organization ▁that ▁works ▁to ▁campaign ▁for ▁justice ▁for |
▁the ▁British ▁Muslim ▁community . ▁Al ong ▁with ▁working ▁closely ▁with ▁the ▁United ▁Nations , ▁I H RC ▁has ▁produced ▁and ▁submitted ▁numerous ▁articles , ▁reports , ▁and ▁general ▁research ▁on ▁is lam oph ob ia ▁to ▁govern ments ▁and ▁international ▁organizations ▁to ▁offer ▁ ▁History ▁Robert ▁Lam bert ▁and ▁Graham ▁Edward ▁Ged des ▁have ▁compared ▁Islam oph ob ia ▁and ▁anti - Mus lim ▁street ▁violence ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁P aki - bash ing , ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁rac ist ▁violence ▁that ▁was ▁perpet r ated ▁against ▁South ▁A si ans ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁Lam bert ▁notes ▁that ▁a ▁key ▁difference ▁is ▁that , ▁whereas ▁the ▁National ▁Front ▁and ▁B NP ▁target ed ▁all ▁South ▁A si ans ▁( including ▁Muslim s , ▁H ind us ▁and ▁S ik hs ), ▁the ▁ED L ▁specifically ▁target ▁British ▁Muslim s . ▁Lam bert ▁also ▁comp ares ▁the ▁media ' s ▁role ▁in ▁fuel ing ▁" P aki - bash ing " ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁to ▁its ▁role ▁in ▁fuel ing ▁anti - Mus lim ▁sentiment ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 1 st ▁century . ▁Ged des ▁notes ▁that ▁variations ▁of ▁the ▁" P aki " ▁ra cial ▁sl ur ▁are ▁occasionally ▁used ▁by ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁ED L . ▁ ▁British ▁Asian ▁Muslim s ▁faced ▁disc rim ination ▁and ▁rac ism ▁following ▁En och ▁Pow ell ' s ▁R ivers ▁of ▁Blood ▁speech ▁and ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Front ▁in ▁the |
▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁This ▁included ▁over t ▁rac ism ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁P aki ▁bash ing , ▁pre domin antly ▁from ▁white ▁power ▁skin head s , ▁the ▁National ▁Front , ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁National ▁Party , ▁throughout ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁Draw ing ▁insp iration ▁from ▁the ▁Indian ▁independence ▁movement , ▁the ▁black ▁power ▁movement , ▁and ▁the ▁anti - ap art heid ▁movement , ▁young ▁British ▁Pak ist ani ▁and ▁British ▁Bang l ades hi ▁activ ists ▁began ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁anti - rac ist ▁Asian ▁youth ▁movements ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁including ▁the ▁Brad ford ▁Youth ▁Mov ement ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁the ▁Bang l ades hi ▁Youth ▁Mov ement ▁following ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Al tab ▁Ali ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁New ham ▁Youth ▁Mov ement ▁following ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Ak ht ar ▁Ali ▁Ba ig ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Islam ▁in ▁England ▁Islam ▁in ▁Scotland ▁Islam ▁in ▁Wales ▁Islam ▁in ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁P aki ▁( sl ur ) ▁T error ism ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : O pp osition ▁to ▁Islam ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁International ▁L ia ison ▁Committee ▁on ▁Res usc itation ▁( IL C OR ) ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 |
9 2 ▁to ▁provide ▁an ▁opportunity ▁for ▁the ▁major ▁organizations ▁in ▁res usc itation ▁to ▁work ▁together ▁on ▁C PR ▁( Card iop ul mon ary ▁Res usc itation ) ▁and ▁E CC ▁( E mer gency ▁Card i ov asc ular ▁Care ) ▁protocol s . ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁chosen ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁deliber ate ▁play ▁on ▁words ▁rel ating ▁to ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁sick ▁hearts ▁– ▁" ill ▁cor " ▁( cor ▁is ▁Latin ▁for ▁heart ). ▁ ▁I LC OR ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Heart ▁Association ▁( A HA ), ▁the ▁European ▁Res usc itation ▁Council ▁( ER C ), ▁the ▁Heart ▁and ▁St roke ▁Foundation ▁of ▁Canada ▁( HS FC ), ▁the ▁Australian ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Committee ▁on ▁Res usc itation , ▁the ▁Res usc itation ▁Coun c ils ▁of ▁Southern ▁Africa ▁( RC SA ), ▁the ▁Res usc itation ▁Coun c ils ▁of ▁Asia ▁( R CA ) ▁and ▁the ▁Inter ▁American ▁Heart ▁Foundation ▁( IA H F ). ▁ ▁Mission ▁statement ▁" To ▁provide ▁a ▁cons ensus ▁mechanism ▁by ▁which ▁the ▁international ▁science ▁and ▁knowledge ▁relevant ▁to ▁emer gency ▁card iac ▁care ▁can ▁be ▁identified ▁and ▁review ed . ▁This ▁cons ensus ▁mechanism ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁provide ▁consistent ▁international ▁gu idel ines ▁on ▁emer gency ▁card iac ▁care ▁for ▁Basic ▁Life ▁Support ▁( B LS ), ▁Pa ed iat ric ▁Life ▁Support ▁( PL S ) ▁and ▁Advanced ▁Life ▁Support ▁( AL S ). ▁While ▁the ▁major ▁focus ▁will |
▁be ▁upon ▁treatment ▁gu idel ines , ▁the ▁ste ering ▁committee ▁will ▁also ▁address ▁the ▁effect iveness ▁of ▁educational ▁and ▁training ▁approaches ▁and ▁topics ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁organisation ▁and ▁implementation ▁of ▁emer gency ▁card iac ▁care . ▁The ▁Committee ▁will ▁also ▁encou rage ▁coord ination ▁of ▁dates ▁for ▁gu idel ines ▁development ▁and ▁con ferences ▁by ▁various ▁national ▁res usc itation ▁coun c ils . ▁These ▁international ▁gu idel ines ▁will ▁aim ▁for ▁a ▁common ality ▁supported ▁by ▁science ▁for ▁B LS , ▁A LS ▁and ▁P LS ." ▁ ▁Object ives ▁The ▁object ives ▁of ▁I LC OR ▁are ▁to : ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁a ▁forum ▁for ▁discussion ▁and ▁for ▁coord ination ▁of ▁all ▁aspects ▁of ▁card iop ul mon ary ▁and ▁c ere br al ▁res usc itation ▁world wide . ▁ ▁F oster ▁scientific ▁research ▁in ▁areas ▁of ▁res usc itation ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁data ▁or ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁controvers y . ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁for ▁dis sem ination ▁of ▁information ▁on ▁training ▁and ▁education ▁in ▁res usc itation . ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁a ▁mechanism ▁for ▁collect ing , ▁review ing ▁and ▁sharing ▁international ▁scientific ▁data ▁on ▁res usc itation . ▁ ▁Produ ce ▁as ▁appropriate ▁statements ▁on ▁specific ▁issues ▁related ▁to ▁res usc itation ▁that ▁reflect ▁international ▁cons ensus . ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁I LC OR ▁meets ▁twice ▁each ▁year ▁usually ▁altern ating ▁between ▁a ▁ven ue ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁a ▁ven ue ▁elsewhere ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁I LC OR ▁produced ▁the ▁first |
▁International ▁C PR ▁Gu idel ines ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁re vised ▁protocol s ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁( pub lished ▁concurrent ly ▁in ▁the ▁scientific ▁journ als ▁Res usc itation ▁and ▁Cir cul ation ). ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 8 1 ▁exper ts ▁completed ▁ 4 0 3 ▁works he ets ▁on ▁ 2 7 5 ▁topics , ▁review ing ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 2 0 0 0 ▁published ▁studies ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁revision . ▁ ▁A ▁further ▁update ▁appeared ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁The ▁standard ▁revis ions ▁cycle ▁for ▁res usc itation ▁is ▁five ▁years . ▁The ▁next ▁is ▁therefore ▁scheduled ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Intern ational ▁medical ▁and ▁health ▁organizations ▁Category : E mer gency ▁medicine ▁organis ations ▁Category : Card iop ul mon ary ▁res usc itation <0x0A> </s> ▁Sab al ▁gre ther iae ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁pal m ▁tree ▁that ▁is ▁en demic ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Quint ana ▁Ro o ▁in ▁Mexico , ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁threatened ▁by ▁habitat ▁loss . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Herm il ilo ▁J . ▁Qu ero ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁The ▁specific ▁ep ith et , ▁" gre ther iae ", ▁hon ors ▁Rosa ura ▁Gre ther , ▁a ▁botan ist ▁who ▁worked ▁with ▁Qu ero . ▁It ▁is ▁very ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁Mexican ▁Pal met to ▁( S |
. ▁mex icana ) ▁and ▁may ▁be ▁syn onym ▁of ▁that ▁species . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁gre ther iae ▁Category : End em ic ▁fl ora ▁of ▁Mexico ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Quint ana ▁Ro o ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Category : V ul ner able ▁plants ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁Mod icus ▁minim us ▁is ▁a ▁cl ing fish ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁ ▁G ob ies oc idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁on ▁co arse ▁substr ates ▁consisting ▁of ▁mixed ▁shell ▁fragments ▁and ▁gra vel ▁and ▁on ▁b eds ▁of ▁bra chi op ods . ▁Graham ▁S . ▁Hard y ▁described ▁this ▁species ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁with ▁a ▁type ▁local ity ▁of ▁the ▁channel ▁between ▁southern ▁Rang it oto ▁Island ▁and ▁D ' U r ville ▁Island , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁collected ▁at ▁a ▁depth ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁minim us ▁Category : End em ic ▁marine ▁fish ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : F ish ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Edward ▁Frank ▁Dan owski ▁( Se ptember ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁– ▁February ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁quarter back ▁and ▁half back ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁( N FL ). ▁ ▁Dan owski ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁for ▁seven ▁seasons ▁( 1 9 3 4 – 1 9 3 |
9 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 ) ▁and ▁quarter back ed ▁the ▁team ▁when ▁they ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁NFL ▁Championship ▁Games . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁Ford ham ▁University . ▁ ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁Rose ▁Hill ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁R ams ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁am ass ing ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁ 2 9 – 4 4 – 3 ▁(. 4 0 1 ). ▁His ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁squad ▁reached ▁# 2 0 ▁in ▁the ▁pol ls . ▁ ▁He ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Aqu eb og ue , ▁his ▁father , ▁Anton , ▁was ▁a ▁Polish ▁imm igr ant . ▁His ▁son , ▁John ▁Dan owski , ▁is ▁the ▁head ▁lac ros se ▁coach ▁at ▁Duke ▁University ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁long time ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Hof stra ▁P ride , ▁and ▁his ▁grand son , ▁Matt ▁Dan owski , ▁is ▁second ▁in ▁Division ▁I ▁in ▁total ▁points ▁in ▁NCAA ▁lac ros se ▁history . ▁ ▁Ed ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Su ff olk ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁on ▁Long ▁Island , ▁New ▁York , ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁Category ▁with ▁the ▁Class ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁Head ▁co aching ▁record ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁( 1 9 2 5 – 7 8 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 |
1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁football ▁quarter back s ▁Category : American ▁football ▁running ▁back s ▁Category : F ord ham ▁R ams ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : F ord ham ▁R ams ▁football ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁River head ▁( town ), ▁New ▁York ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Polish ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁Raf san jan ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁air port ▁in ▁Raf san jan , ▁Iran . ▁ ▁Airlines ▁and ▁destin ations ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁Iran ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁K erman ▁Province ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁K erman ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁Sin ik ka ▁Boh lin ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 7 ), ▁is ▁a ▁Swedish ▁social ▁dem ocr atic ▁politician ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 – 2 0 1 0 . ▁She ▁served ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Nord ic ▁Council ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Boh lin ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Finland ▁to ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁father ▁and ▁a ▁K are li an - Bel arus ian ▁mother , ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁Sweden ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S |
wed ish ▁Social ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁polit icians ▁Category : W omen ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁ 1 9 9 8 – 2 0 0 2 ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 0 6 ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁R ik sd ag ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : S wed ish ▁people ▁of ▁Bel arus ian ▁descent ▁Category : S wed ish ▁people ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁descent ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁women ▁polit icians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Swedish ▁women ▁polit icians ▁Category : S wed ish ▁people ▁of ▁K are li an ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁Cam po ▁del ▁Mor o ▁is ▁a ▁park ▁in ▁Madrid , ▁Spain . ▁ ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Palace ▁of ▁Madrid ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Madrid ▁Category : P ala cio ▁neighborhood , ▁Madrid <0x0A> </s> ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁is ▁a ▁magazine ▁which ▁is ▁published ▁by ▁Sum mit ▁Media ▁- ▁under ▁license ▁from ▁BBC ▁World wide ▁and ▁Im mediate ▁Media ▁Company ▁- ▁and ▁features ▁Philipp ine - only ▁content . ▁ ▁History ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁with ▁British ▁and ▁Filip ino ▁contents ▁published . ▁A ▁major ▁change ▁came ▁when ▁a ▁Filip ino ▁editor - in - ch ief ▁took ▁the ▁hel m ▁and ▁published ▁Philipp ine ▁content ▁unique ▁to ▁the |
▁magazine . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁red es igned ▁its ▁contents , ▁with ▁some ▁segments ▁being ▁renamed . ▁On ▁June ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁they ▁published ▁their ▁ 7 5 th ▁issue ▁and ▁made ▁a ▁contest ▁on ▁their ▁website . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁they ▁red es igned ▁again ▁to ▁attract ▁more ▁readers . ▁On ▁June ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁they ▁put ▁out ▁their ▁supp lement ary ▁issue ▁called ▁" Top ▁B ikes ". ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁they ▁made ▁their ▁first ▁" Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁Car ▁Of ▁The ▁Year ▁Awards " ▁with ▁the ▁Toy ota ▁ 8 6 ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁winner . ▁This ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁red es igned ▁their ▁magazine ▁again ▁in ▁comm em oration ▁of ▁its ▁" 9 th - year ▁anni versary ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁issue " ▁celebr ation ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁month . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁celebrated ▁their ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁and ▁red es igned ▁their ▁magazine ▁again . ▁They ▁celebrated ▁ 1 1 ▁years ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁A ▁year ▁later , ▁in ▁the ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁issue , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁P H ▁red es igned ▁their ▁magazine ▁again , ▁with ▁a ▁more ▁flat ▁and ▁minimal ist ▁design . ▁Vari ous ▁changes ▁have ▁been ▁added ▁over ▁the ▁years , |
▁such ▁as ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁the ▁M oto ▁S api ens ▁page ▁in ▁the ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁issue . ▁▁ ▁The ▁editor ial ▁staff ▁of ▁the ▁online ▁component ▁of ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines , ▁Top G ear . com . ph , ▁was ▁su ed ▁by ▁N est or ▁P un z al an ▁after ▁they ▁err one ously ▁identified ▁P un z al an ▁as ▁the ▁potential ▁k iller ▁in ▁a ▁road ▁ra ge ▁incident ▁in ▁Qu ia po ▁on ▁their ▁popular ▁Facebook ▁page . ▁Among ▁the ▁dem ands ▁made ▁by ▁P un z al an ▁was ▁for ▁Vern on ▁B . ▁Sar ne , ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁Editor - in - ch ief , ▁to ▁res ign ▁after ▁he ▁identified ▁himself ▁as ▁the ▁party ▁at ▁fault ▁on ▁their ▁Facebook ▁page ▁that ▁resulted ▁in ▁P un z al an ▁being ▁threatened ▁and ▁cy ber bul lied . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁publish er ▁Sum mit ▁Media ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁ending ▁publication ▁of ▁the ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁print ▁magazine . ▁ ▁Content ▁The ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁include : ▁Re action ▁Time ▁- ▁letters ▁from ▁av id ▁readers ▁New ▁Metal ▁- ▁features ▁new ▁cars ▁and ▁concepts . ▁Car ▁Culture ▁- ▁columns ▁of ▁contrib utors , ▁usually ▁from ▁top ▁Philipp ine ▁d ail ies . ▁Tra ffic ▁Sto pper ▁G ear head ▁A ▁Day ▁in ▁the ▁Life ▁- ▁where ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the |
▁T GP ▁staff ▁take ▁jobs ▁connected ▁with ▁autom ob iles . ▁Car ▁Club ▁- ▁where ▁car ▁clubs ▁get ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁magazine . ▁Sh ake ▁Down ▁- ▁Test s ▁of ▁New ▁C ars , ▁replacing ▁D riv es ▁on ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁issue . ▁The ▁Top ▁Read ▁- ▁where ▁the ▁main ▁stories ▁( us ually ▁the ▁cover ▁stories ) ▁are ▁being ▁read . ▁Road ▁T rip ▁M oto ▁S api ens ▁- ▁a ▁section ▁introduced ▁with ▁the ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁issue , ▁where ▁new ▁motor cy cles ▁are ▁being ▁review ed . ▁Full ▁Th rott le ▁- ▁where ▁stories ▁related ▁to ▁racing ▁and ▁mot ors port ▁are ▁being ▁read . ▁Assembly ▁Line ▁- ▁it ▁shows ▁people ▁who ▁supported ▁their ▁stories ▁and ▁also , ▁some ▁re actions ▁about ▁the ▁stories ' ▁behind - the - sc enes . ▁The ▁Gar age ▁New ▁Car ▁Guide ▁- ▁spons ored ▁by ▁B PI . ▁ ▁Car ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁- ▁Toy ota ▁ 8 6 ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁Maz da ▁ 6 ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁- ▁Maz da ▁ 3 ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁- ▁Maz da ▁M X - 5 ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁- ▁H onda ▁C iv ic ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁H onda ▁C iv ic ▁Type ▁R ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁- ▁Ford ▁R anger ▁R apt or ▁▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁- ▁Su zu ki ▁Jim ny ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links |
▁▁▁ ▁Top ▁G ear ▁Philippines ▁at ▁Sum mit ▁Media ▁ ▁Category : Mag az ines ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Category : Ph ili pp ine ▁mag az ines ▁Category : Top ▁G ear <0x0A> </s> ▁W ugg ub un ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁Ab original ▁community , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Kim ber ley ▁Region ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia , ▁within ▁the ▁Sh ire ▁of ▁Wy nd ham - E ast ▁Kim ber ley . ▁ ▁Govern ance ▁ ▁The ▁community ▁is ▁managed ▁through ▁its ▁incorpor ated ▁body , ▁W ugg ub un ▁Ab original ▁Corporation , ▁incorpor ated ▁under ▁the ▁Ab original ▁Coun c ils ▁and ▁Associ ations ▁Act ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁on ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Town ▁planning ▁ ▁W ugg ub un ▁Layout ▁Plan ▁No . 1 ▁has ▁been ▁prepared ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁State ▁Pl anning ▁Policy ▁ 3 . 2 ▁Ab original ▁S ett lement s . ▁Layout ▁Plan ▁No . 1 ▁is ▁yet ▁to ▁be ▁end ors ed ▁by ▁the ▁community . ▁As ▁such ▁the ▁Layout ▁Plan ▁exists ▁only ▁as ▁a ▁draft . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Reg istr ar ▁of ▁Ind igen ous ▁Corpor ations ▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : K im ber ley ▁( West ern ▁Australia ) ▁Category : A bor iginal ▁communities ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Michael ▁James ▁de ▁Grey ▁All ingham ▁( born ▁ 6 ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 5 , |
▁in ▁In ver ness ) ▁and ▁educated ▁at ▁Str ath all an , ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁cr ick eter . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁right - hand ed ▁b ats man ▁and ▁a ▁right - arm ▁medium - pace ▁bow ler . ▁ ▁All ingham ▁played ▁ 4 9 ▁matches ▁for ▁Scotland , ▁including ▁first ▁class , ▁List ▁A ▁cr icket , ▁international ▁and ▁I CC ▁Tro phy ▁matches . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁represented ▁the ▁Scotland ▁B ▁team ▁as ▁a ▁sc rum - half ▁in ▁rugby ▁union , ▁but ▁quit ▁following ▁a ▁kne e ▁injury . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁sport ▁at ▁Edinburgh ▁Academy . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Cr icket ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Cr icket ▁World ▁Cup ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Sc ot land ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Sc ot land ▁One ▁Day ▁International ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : C rick eters ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : C rick eters ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Cr icket ▁World ▁Cup ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Str ath all an ▁School ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁In ver ness <0x0A> </s> ▁Juan ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁ 2 nd ▁Duke |
▁of ▁Med in ac eli , ▁Grande e ▁of ▁Spain , ▁( in ▁full , ▁), ▁( 1 4 8 5 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 5 4 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Spanish ▁no blem an . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Don ▁Luis ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁ 1 st ▁Duke ▁of ▁Med in ac eli ▁by ▁third ▁wife ▁Catal ina ▁B ique ▁de ▁O re j ón . ▁Since ▁his ▁parents ▁only ▁married ▁In ▁Art ic ulo ▁Mort is ▁in ▁ 1 5 0 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁considered ▁a ▁bast ard ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁but ▁was ▁legit im ated ▁by ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Mon arch s ▁as ▁the ▁el dest ▁surv iving ▁male ▁issue ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁Duke . ▁He ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁batt les ▁for ▁the ▁incorpor ation ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Navar re ▁into ▁the ▁un ified ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Spain ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁King ▁Ferdinand ▁II ▁of ▁Arag on . ▁He ▁also ▁was ▁a ▁court ier ▁under ▁Queen ▁Isabel la ▁I ▁of ▁Cast ile ▁till ▁ 1 5 0 4 , ▁of ▁her ▁daughter ▁Queen ▁Jo anna ▁of ▁Cast ile ▁The ▁Mad , ▁and ▁later ▁supported ▁her ▁son ▁King ▁Charles ▁I ▁since ▁ 1 5 1 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁reward ed ▁with ▁a ▁grande es hip ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 0 . ▁ ▁Des c end ants ▁Juan ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁married ▁M enc ía ▁Manuel ▁de ▁Portugal , ▁daughter ▁of ▁Dom ▁Aff onso ▁de ▁Portugal |
, ▁ 1 st ▁Count ▁of ▁Far o , ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁three ▁children . ▁In ▁ 1 5 1 2 , ▁he ▁married ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁time , ▁with ▁María ▁de ▁Silva ▁( 1 4 9 4 ▁– ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁ 1 5 4 4 ), ▁daughter ▁of ▁Don ▁Juan ▁de ▁Silva , ▁ 3 rd ▁Count ▁of ▁C if u entes ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁four ▁more ▁children . ▁ ▁By ▁M enc ía ▁Manuel ▁de ▁Portugal : ▁ ▁Isabel ▁M enc ía ▁Manuel ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 5 0 ), ▁who ▁married ▁Pedro ▁Z ap ata ▁de ▁Ay ala . ▁ ▁Luis ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Portugal ▁ ▁Gast ón ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Portugal ▁ ▁By ▁María ▁de ▁Silva : ▁ ▁Juan ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Silva ▁ ▁Fernando ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁y ▁Silva ▁( 1 5 1 6 – 1 5 7 9 ), ▁who ▁married ▁Ana ▁de ▁Th ie ul loy e ▁ ▁Catal ina ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁who ▁married ▁Lorenzo ▁Gó mez ▁de ▁M endo za , ▁ 4 th ▁Count ▁of ▁Cor u ña ▁ ▁Lu isa ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da , ▁who ▁married ▁A rias ▁P ardo ▁de ▁Sa aved ra ▁ ▁Il leg it imate : ▁ ▁Francisco ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 4 4 ) ▁ ▁Diego ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : 1 4 8 5 ▁birth |
s ▁Category : 1 5 4 4 ▁death s ▁Category : D uk es ▁of ▁Med in ac eli ▁Category : Count s ▁of ▁Puerto ▁de ▁Santa ▁María ▁Juan ▁ 0 2 ▁Category : G ran de es ▁of ▁Spain <0x0A> </s> ▁Bour gue ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁surname . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁include : ▁ ▁Math ias ▁Bour gue ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 4 ), ▁French ▁tennis ▁player ▁Maurice ▁Bour gue ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 9 ), ▁French ▁ob o ist , ▁composer , ▁and ▁conduct or ▁ ▁Category : F rench - language ▁s urn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁Roger ▁Le en hardt ▁( 2 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁writer ▁and ▁film maker . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁a ▁b our ge ois ▁Protest ant ▁family , ▁this ▁brilliant ▁student ▁of ▁philosophy ▁was ▁very ▁soon ▁fasc in ated ▁by ▁cinema . ▁Through ▁a ▁cousin , ▁he ▁started ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁news re el ▁program ▁É cla ir ▁Journal ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁set ▁up ▁his ▁own ▁production ▁company ▁with ▁René ▁Z uber , ▁" Les ▁Films ▁du ▁Comp as ," ▁later ▁known ▁as , ▁" R og er ▁Le en hardt ▁Films .” ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁critic ▁in ▁the ▁journal ▁Es prit , ▁he ▁was ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁per cept ive ▁obser vers ▁of ▁pre - war ▁France ▁and ▁strongly ▁influenced ▁André |
▁B az in ▁and ▁the ▁entire ▁" N ouvelle ▁V ague .” ▁ ▁Thanks ▁to ▁his ▁series ▁of ▁articles ▁known ▁as ▁" La ▁petite ▁é cole ▁du ▁spect ateur ," ▁cinema ▁became ▁considered ▁as ▁an ▁art ▁and ▁a ▁language ▁in ▁its ▁own ▁right . ▁Le en hardt ▁also ▁contributed ▁to ▁other ▁journ als , ▁such ▁as ▁Font aine , ▁Les ▁Let tres ▁Fran çais es , ▁and ▁l ' E c ran ▁français , ▁in ▁which ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁he ▁delivered ▁his ▁famous ▁cry , ▁" Down ▁with ▁Ford ! ▁Long ▁Live ▁Wy ler !" ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁he ▁fost ered ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁cinema ▁club ▁Object if ▁ 4 9 ▁of ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁co - pres ident ▁with ▁Robert ▁B ress on ▁and ▁Jean ▁Co ct eau . ▁ ▁Dest ined ▁to ▁promote ▁a ▁new ▁cinema ▁d ' a uteur , ▁the ▁club ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁in ▁Bi ar ritz ▁of ▁the ▁Festival ▁of ▁C urs ed ▁Films ▁[ F estival ▁des ▁Films ▁Ma ud its ]. ▁ ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁he ▁pres ided ▁over ▁the ▁French ▁Association ▁for ▁the ▁Prom otion ▁of ▁Cinema ▁[ Associ ation ▁française ▁pour ▁la ▁diffusion ▁du ▁cinéma ] ▁which ▁organized ▁a ▁travel ing ▁festival , ▁Cin éma ▁Days ▁[ Les ▁J ourn ées ▁du ▁cinéma ] ▁( 1 9 5 3 – 1 9 6 0 ). ▁ ▁Finally , ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁Le |
en hardt ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁in ▁T ours ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Days ▁of ▁Film ▁[ J ourn ées ▁international es ▁du ▁film ] ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁Festival ▁of ▁T ours . ▁Special ized ▁in ▁short ▁films , ▁the ▁festival ▁brought ▁together ▁the ▁for em ost ▁film m akers , ▁including ▁François ▁Tru ff aut , ▁Chris ▁Mark er , ▁Ag n ès ▁V arda , ▁Jacques ▁Dem y , ▁Roman ▁Pol ans ki , ▁Robert ▁En rico , ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁His ▁document ary ▁works ▁are ▁numerous ▁and ▁include ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 ▁short ▁films ▁and ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁a ▁similar ▁number . ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁main ▁categories ▁of ▁his ▁work : ▁Port ra its ▁of ▁great ▁writers ▁( e . g . ▁François ▁Maur iac , ▁Paul ▁Val é ry , ▁Victor ▁Hugo , ▁etc .), ▁and ▁port ra its ▁of ▁famous ▁pain ters ▁( e . g ., ▁Mon et , ▁P iss ar ro , ▁B az ile , ▁etc .). ▁He ▁also ▁made ▁a ▁film ▁on ▁the ▁orig ins ▁of ▁phot ography ▁( D ag uer re ▁ou ▁la ▁Na issance ▁de ▁la ▁phot ographie , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁and ▁another ▁on ▁the ▁in vention ▁of ▁cinema ▁( Na issance ▁du ▁cinéma , ▁ 1 9 4 6 ), ▁a ▁master pie ce ▁of ▁ped agog ical ▁and ▁intelligence . ▁ ▁Priv ile ging ▁his ▁artist ▁vision , ▁Le en hardt ▁made ▁only ▁three ▁feature - length ▁fiction ▁films : |
▁ ▁( 1 9 4 8 ), ▁ ▁( 1 9 6 1 ), ▁and , ▁for ▁television , ▁Une ▁fille ▁dans ▁la ▁mont agne ▁( 1 9 6 4 ). ▁ ▁Moreover , ▁Roger ▁Le en hardt ▁appeared ▁in ▁three ▁films ▁as ▁an ▁actor . ▁In ▁Les ▁D erni ères ▁vac ances , ▁he ▁is ▁the ▁teacher . ▁Jean - L uc ▁God ard ▁chose ▁him ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁character ▁" Int elligence " ▁in ▁Une ▁femme ▁mari ée ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) ▁and ▁François ▁Tru ff aut ▁chose ▁him ▁as ▁the ▁publish er ▁in ▁L ' Hom me ▁qui ▁aim ait ▁les ▁femmes ▁( 1 9 7 7 ). ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Roger ▁Le en hardt , ▁Les ▁yeux ▁ou ver ts : ▁entre ti ens ▁avec ▁Jean ▁Lac out ure . ▁Se uil , ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁Roger ▁Le en hardt , ▁Chron iques ▁du ▁cinéma . ▁C ah iers ▁du ▁cinéma , ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁death s ▁Category : F rench ▁film ▁produ cers <0x0A> </s> ▁Mur ai ▁Jun ▁( 村 井 ジ ュ ン , ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁- ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁what ▁is ▁regarded ▁today ▁as ▁the ▁largest ▁ind igen ous ▁church ▁in ▁Japan ▁- ▁I es u ▁no ▁Mit ama ▁Ky ō ka i , ▁was ▁born ▁into ▁a ▁Method ist ▁family ▁in |
▁Tokyo ▁and ▁later ▁studied ▁the ology ▁at ▁A oy ama ▁College . ▁While ▁he ▁was ▁studying ▁there , ▁something ▁trouble d ▁him ▁deeply ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁anticip ating ▁suic ide . ▁Hence ▁Mur ai ▁planned ▁to ▁jump ▁over board ▁a ▁fer ry ▁near ▁Okay ama ▁Pref ect ure ▁during ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁However , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁about ▁to ▁jump ▁over board , ▁he ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit ' s ▁presence ▁suddenly ▁over wh el med ▁him ▁and ▁he ▁began ▁speaking ▁in ▁tong ues . ▁▁ ▁That ▁experience ▁gave ▁him ▁new ▁courage ▁to ▁accept ▁the ▁Christian ▁faith ▁and ▁his ▁previous ▁lack ▁of ▁confidence ▁in ▁the ▁religion ▁was ▁now ▁elimin ated . ▁Mur ai ▁then ▁abandoned ▁A oy ama ▁College ▁to ▁begin ▁pre aching ▁the ▁g ospel . ▁Not ▁long ▁afterwards , ▁he ▁was ▁assigned ▁as ▁a ▁past or ▁for ▁the ▁Japan ▁Bible ▁Church . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁Mur ai ▁informed ▁his ▁small ▁church ▁group ▁in ▁Tokyo ' s ▁N ish is ug amo ▁of ▁his ▁Pent ec ost al ▁experience ▁which ▁had ▁changed ▁his ▁life . ▁ ▁During ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁whilst ▁in ▁Taiwan , ▁he ▁came ▁across ▁the ▁True ▁Jesus ▁Church , ▁and ▁ind igen ous ▁Chinese ▁church ▁that ▁had ▁only ▁been ▁established ▁for ▁over ▁ 2 0 ▁years . ▁He ▁accepted ▁the ▁main ▁do ctr ines ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁and ▁received ▁bapt ism ; ▁he ▁then ▁left ▁his ▁previous ▁church ▁den om ination . ▁However , ▁during ▁that |