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board ▁at ▁the ▁absolute ▁ins istence ▁of ▁a ▁b oss y ▁ship board ▁social ▁director . ▁When ▁wh ims y ▁gets ▁to ▁be ▁this ▁over b ear ing , ▁it ▁simply ▁isn ' t ▁wh ims y ▁any ▁more ." ▁Similarly , ▁David ▁An sen ▁of ▁News week ▁dismiss ed ▁S gt . ▁Pe pper ▁as ▁" a ▁film ▁with ▁a ▁dangerous ▁res embl ance ▁to ▁wall paper ". ▁ ▁A ▁more ▁positive ▁review ▁came ▁from ▁The ▁Valley ▁Independent , ▁whose ▁Ron ▁P aglia ▁called ▁the ▁film ▁" Good , ▁camp y ▁fun ", ▁cit ing ▁Steve ▁Martin ' s ▁performance ▁as ▁" a ▁high ▁point " ▁and ▁the ▁celebr ity - filled ▁finale ▁as ▁" something ▁special " ▁before ▁con cluding ▁" there ' s ▁much ▁to ▁enjoy ." ▁The ▁Int ell igen cers ▁Lou ▁Ga ul ▁described ▁the ▁production ▁as ▁" A ▁sort ▁of ▁modern ▁Fant asia ▁for ▁today ' s ▁te ens ". ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁ranked ▁ ▁No . ▁ 7 6 ▁on ▁V H 1 ' s ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Most ▁Sho ck ing ▁M om ents ▁in ▁Rock ▁and ▁Roll . ▁▁ ▁Band ▁response ▁When ▁asked ▁about ▁the ▁film ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁interview , ▁George ▁Harrison ▁expressed ▁his ▁sympathy ▁for ▁St ig wood , ▁F ram pton ▁and ▁the ▁Be e ▁Ge es , ▁acknowled ging ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁all ▁worked ▁hard ▁to ▁achieve ▁success ▁before ▁making ▁S gt . ▁Pe pper . ▁He ▁said ▁of ▁F ram pton ▁and ▁the |
▁Be e ▁Ge es : ▁" I ▁think ▁it ' s ▁dam aged ▁their ▁images , ▁their ▁care ers , ▁and ▁they ▁didn ' t ▁need ▁to ▁do ▁that . ▁It ' s ▁just ▁like ▁the ▁Beat les ▁trying ▁to ▁do ▁the ▁Rol ling ▁St ones . ▁The ▁Rol ling ▁St ones ▁can ▁do ▁it ▁better ." ▁ ▁N omin ations ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁St ink ers ▁Bad ▁Movie ▁Awards , ▁the ▁film ▁received ▁a ▁nom ination ▁for ▁Wor st ▁Picture . ▁When ▁the ▁ball ot ▁was ▁re vised ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁it ▁kept ▁that ▁nom ination ▁while ▁also ▁receiving ▁nomin ations ▁for ▁Wor st ▁Support ing ▁Act ress ▁( D ian ne ▁Stein berg , ▁who ▁played ▁Lucy ▁in ▁the ▁film ) ▁and ▁Wor st ▁On - Screen ▁Group ▁( Lu cy ▁and ▁the ▁Diam onds ). ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁a ▁minor ▁commercial ▁disappoint ment ▁as ▁it ▁earned ▁$ 2 0 . 4 ▁million ▁against ▁the ▁production ▁budget ▁of ▁$ 1 3 ▁million . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁All ▁This ▁and ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁musical ▁document ary ▁that ▁also ▁used ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁using ▁covers ▁of ▁Beat les ▁songs ▁to ▁tell ▁a ▁story . ▁ ▁Ac ross ▁the ▁Un iverse , ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁musical ▁film ▁that ▁also ▁used ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁using ▁Beat les ▁songs ▁to ▁tell ▁a ▁story . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁cover ▁versions ▁of ▁Beat les ▁songs ▁ |
▁Other ▁films ▁released ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁disco ▁and ▁ju ke box ▁movie ▁musical ▁cra ze ▁ ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁F ever ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ ▁Thank ▁God ▁It ' s ▁Friday ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Sk at et own , ▁U . S . A . ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Apple ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁X an adu ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Can ' t ▁Stop ▁the ▁Music ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Fame '' ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 8 ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁musical ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : American ▁musical ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : American ▁rock ▁musical s ▁Category : Fil ms ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Beat les ▁Category : Fil ms ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Be e ▁Ge es ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁albums ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Michael ▁Sch ult z ▁Category : Fil ms ▁produced ▁by ▁Robert ▁St ig wood ▁Category : J u ke box ▁musical ▁films ▁Category : S ung - through ▁musical ▁films ▁Category : Univers al ▁Pictures ▁films ▁hu : S gt ▁Pe pper ’ s ▁L on ely ▁He arts ▁Club ▁Band ▁( film z ene ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Henri ▁Per rey ve ▁( born ▁at ▁Paris , ▁ 1 1 ▁April |
▁ 1 8 3 1 ; ▁died ▁there ▁ 1 8 ▁June ▁ 1 8 6 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁Or ator ian ▁priest . ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁small ▁group ▁who ▁restored ▁the ▁Or atory ▁in ▁France . ▁ ▁Life ▁His ▁father ▁was ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Fac ulté ▁de ▁D roit . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁classical ▁education ▁at ▁the ▁Coll ège ▁Saint - Louis . ▁According ▁to ▁his ▁father ' s ▁wish ▁he ▁studied ▁law , ▁but ▁having ▁finished ▁his ▁legal ▁course ▁he ▁studied ▁philosophy ▁and ▁the ology . ▁ ▁He ▁then ▁became ▁closely ▁un ited ▁with ▁Charles ▁and ▁Ad ol phe ▁Per ra ud . ▁With ▁August e ▁Joseph ▁Al phon se ▁Gr at ry , ▁and ▁under ▁the ▁guidance ▁of ▁Father ▁P ét ét ol , ▁they ▁began ▁the ▁rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁Or atory . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁ord ained ▁priest ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 8 , ▁appointed ▁chap lain ▁to ▁the ▁Ly c ée ▁Saint - Louis ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 0 , ▁and ▁one ▁year ▁later ▁was ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁professor ship ▁of ▁ecc les iast ical ▁history ▁at ▁the ▁Sor bon ne . ▁For ▁some ▁time ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁by ▁ill ness ▁to ▁abandon ▁his ▁lect ures . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁influ ential ▁figure , ▁and ▁linked ▁by ▁friendship ▁with ▁the ▁Catholic ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁in ▁France : ▁O zan am , ▁Mont alem bert , ▁C och in , ▁and ▁especially ▁Jean - B apt iste - Hen ri |
▁Lac ord aire . ▁ ▁Works ▁Among ▁his ▁works ▁were : ▁ ▁" De ▁la ▁critique ▁des ▁Ev ang iles " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 8 5 9 ); ▁ ▁" Ent re ti ens ▁sur ▁l ' E glise ▁c athol ique " ▁( 2 ▁vol s ., ▁Paris , ▁ 1 9 0 1 ); ▁ ▁" La ▁J ourn ée ▁des ▁mal ades " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 9 0 8 ); ▁ ▁" Bi ograph ies ▁et ▁pan é gy ri ques " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 9 0 7 ); ▁ ▁" S ou ven irs ▁de ▁première ▁commun ion " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 8 9 9 ); ▁ ▁" S erm ons " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 9 0 1 ); ▁ ▁" De ux ▁ros es ▁et ▁deux ▁No ë ls " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 9 0 7 ); ▁ ▁" M éd itations ▁sur ▁l ' E v ang ile ▁de ▁Saint ▁Jean " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 9 0 7 ); ▁ ▁" M éd itations ▁sur ▁les ▁sain ts ▁ord res " ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 9 0 1 ). ▁ ▁Some ▁of ▁his ▁letters ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁published ▁in ▁book ▁form . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Att ribution ▁ ▁The ▁entry ▁c ites : ▁Gr at ry , ▁Henri ▁Per rey ve ▁( Lond on , ▁ 1 8 7 2 ); ▁ ▁Bernard , |
▁Les ▁derni ers ▁jours ▁de ▁l ' abb é ▁Per rey ve ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 3 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 6 5 ▁death s ▁Category : F rench ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁pri ests ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁pri ests <0x0A> </s> ▁R ED I RECT ▁U . S . ▁Route ▁ 2 3 ▁in ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁Hills ong ▁Young ▁& ▁Free ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Hills ong ▁Y & F ▁or ▁simply ▁Young ▁& ▁Free ▁or ▁Y & F ) ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁contemporary ▁worship ▁music ▁group ▁from ▁Sydney , ▁Australia , ▁where ▁they ▁started ▁making ▁Christian ▁music ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁at ▁Hills ong ▁Church . ▁They ▁have ▁released ▁three ▁live ▁albums , ▁We ▁Are ▁Young ▁& ▁Free ▁( 2 0 1 3 ), ▁Youth ▁Rev ival ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁and ▁III ▁Live ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁four ▁studio ▁albums , ▁Youth ▁Rev ival ▁Ac oust ic ▁( 2 0 1 7 ), ▁III ▁( 2 0 1 8 ), ▁III ▁( Studio ▁S essions ) ▁( 2 0 1 9 ), ▁and ▁III ▁( Re im ag ined ) ▁( 2 0 1 9 ). ▁Additionally , ▁the ▁group ▁have ▁released ▁two ▁extended ▁plays , ▁This ▁Is ▁Living ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁and ▁We ▁Are ▁Young ▁& ▁Free ▁( The ▁Rem ix es ) ▁- ▁EP ▁( 2 0 1 5 ). ▁ ▁Background ▁The ▁group |
▁formed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁out ▁of ▁Sydney , ▁Australia , ▁where ▁they ▁were ▁located ▁at ▁Hills ong ▁Church . ▁Their ▁members ▁are ▁worship ▁leaders , ▁A od han ▁King , ▁Alexander ▁P app as , ▁Ty ler ▁Doug lass , ▁R ene e ▁Sie ff , ▁Ben ▁Tan , ▁and ▁Mel od ie ▁Wagner . ▁Hills ong ▁United ▁[ launch ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ], ▁the ▁original ▁group , ▁began ▁when ▁the ▁members ▁were ▁all ▁relatively ▁young , ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁started ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁youth ▁min istry ▁at ▁Hills ong ▁Church . ▁As ▁they ▁evol ved ▁and ▁started ▁to ▁m ature , ▁have ▁families ▁of ▁their ▁own , ▁and ▁take ▁on ▁ad ul th ood , ▁many ▁people ▁at ▁the ▁church ▁felt ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁group ▁that ▁would ▁aim ▁its ▁message ▁at ▁younger ▁people ▁with ▁a ▁stim ulating ▁new ▁sound . ▁ ▁History ▁Hills ong ▁Young ▁& ▁Free ▁released ▁their ▁first ▁live ▁album , ▁We ▁Are ▁Young ▁& ▁Free , ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁album ▁deb uted ▁and ▁pe aked ▁at ▁No . ▁ 6 ▁on ▁the ▁A RI A ▁Albums ▁Chart ▁in ▁Australia , ▁also ▁chart ing ▁on ▁several ▁Billboard ▁magazine ▁charts ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁pe aking ▁at ▁No . ▁ 2 2 ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁ 2 0 0 ▁and ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁Christian ▁Albums ▁chart . ▁Their ▁subsequent ▁release ▁an ▁extended ▁play , ▁This ▁Is |
▁Living , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁release ▁chart ed ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁ 2 0 0 ▁at ▁No . ▁ 3 8 ▁and ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁Christian ▁Albums ▁chart . ▁Their ▁second ▁extended ▁play , ▁The ▁Rem ix es , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁second ▁live ▁album , ▁Youth ▁Rev ival , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁On ▁ 6 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Hills ong ▁Young ▁and ▁Free ▁would ▁be ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Gram my ▁Award ▁in ▁the ▁Best ▁Contempor ary ▁Christian ▁Music ▁Album ▁category ▁for ▁their ▁latest ▁album ▁Youth ▁Rev ival . ▁Hills ong ▁Young ▁and ▁Free ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁track , ▁" M arch ing ▁On ", ▁from ▁R end ▁Collect ive ' s ▁album , ▁Good ▁News , ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁M embers ▁Current ▁ ▁A od h án ▁King ▁ ▁Alexander ▁P app as ▁ ▁Ty ler ▁Doug lass ▁ ▁R ene e ▁Sie ff ▁ ▁Ben ▁Tan ▁ ▁Mel od ie ▁Wagner - M ä k inen ▁ ▁Br end an ▁Tan ▁ ▁Laura ▁T og gs ▁( or ▁T og an ival u ) ▁ ▁Alexander ▁E pa ▁lose fa ▁ ▁Tom ▁Fur by ▁ ▁Kar ina ▁Wy kes ▁ ▁Jack ▁Mc Gr ath ▁ ▁T racy |
▁Pr att ▁ ▁Past ▁ ▁T aya ▁Smith - G au k rod ger ▁ ▁Awards ▁On ▁ 6 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Hills ong ▁Young ▁and ▁Free ▁would ▁be ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Gram my ▁Award ▁in ▁the ▁Best ▁Contempor ary ▁Christian ▁Music ▁Album ▁category ▁for ▁their ▁album ▁Youth ▁Rev ival . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁ ▁EP s ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Note : ▁Ch arts ▁do ▁not ▁specify ▁whether ▁' F alling ▁into ▁You ' ▁is ▁the ▁Studio ▁or ▁Live ▁version . ▁The ▁charts ▁also ▁do ▁not ▁specify ▁whether ▁' Real ▁Love ' ▁is ▁the ▁Studio ▁or ▁Live ▁version . ▁ ▁Other ▁chart ed ▁songs ▁ ▁Fe ature d ▁songs ▁▁▁ ▁" Rel ent less ▁( You ng ▁& ▁Free ▁Rem ix )" ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁/ ▁Hills ong ▁UN IT ED ▁– ▁The ▁White ▁Album ▁ ▁" A live " ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁/ ▁Hills ong ▁Wor ship ▁– ▁No ▁Other ▁Name ▁( only ▁DVD ) ▁ ▁" S inking ▁Deep " ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁/ ▁Hills ong ▁Wor ship ▁– ▁No ▁Other ▁Name ▁( only ▁DVD ) ▁ ▁" This ▁Is ▁Living " ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁/ ▁Hills ong ▁Wor ship ▁– ▁Open ▁Heaven ▁/ ▁River ▁Wild ▁( dig ital ▁del ux e ▁edition ▁and ▁DVD ) ▁ ▁" P urs ue / All ▁I ▁Need ▁Is ▁You " ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁/ ▁Hills ong ▁Wor ship |
▁– ▁Open ▁Heaven ▁/ ▁River ▁Wild ▁( dig ital ▁del ux e ▁edition ▁and ▁DVD ) ▁ ▁" M arch ing ▁On ▁( fe aturing ▁Hills ong ▁Young ▁& ▁Free )" ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁/ ▁R end ▁Collect ive ▁– ▁Good ▁News ▁ ▁Music ▁videos ▁▁ ▁" A live " ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁" W ake " ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁" Back ▁to ▁Life " ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁" G ra cious ▁Temp est " ▁( special ▁performance ) ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁" This ▁Is ▁Living " ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁" Where ▁You ▁Are " ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁" Real ▁Love " ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁" F alling ▁In to ▁You " ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁" L ove ▁W on ' t ▁Let ▁Me ▁Down " ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁" P ▁E ▁A ▁C ▁E " ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁" Let ▁Go " ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Category : G ospel ▁music ▁groups ▁Category : Austral ian ▁Christian ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : 2 0 1 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Kevin ▁Bar rett ▁is ▁a ▁game ▁designer ▁who ▁has ▁worked ▁primarily ▁on ▁role - play ing ▁games . |
▁ ▁Career ▁Kevin ▁Bar rett ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁Terry ▁K . ▁Am th or ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁Sp ac em aster ▁( 1 9 8 5 ), ▁the ▁science - f iction ▁version ▁of ▁Ro lem aster , ▁which ▁also ▁had ▁a ▁second ▁edition ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁The ▁first ▁mini atures ▁game ▁from ▁Iron ▁Crown ▁Enter pr ises ▁was ▁Bar rett ' s ▁Sil ent ▁Death ▁( 1 9 9 0 ), ▁which ▁initially ▁used ▁the ▁Sp ac em aster ▁background . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Bar rett ▁had ▁left ▁I CE . ▁He ▁later ▁worked ▁as ▁writer ▁at ▁Bio W are . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Role - play ing ▁game ▁design ers ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 1 3 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁December ▁ 1 8 9 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁church man ▁and ▁far mer ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁days ▁of ▁South ▁Australia , ▁and ▁father ▁of ▁nine ▁children ▁including ▁two ▁sons ▁prominent ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁days ▁of ▁that ▁col ony . ▁ ▁William ▁Fin l ays on ▁Born ▁in ▁Glasgow , ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁n ée ▁Helen ▁Har vey ▁( born ▁Edinburgh ▁ 1 8 1 1 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 8 8 4 ), ▁arrived ▁at ▁Hold fast ▁Bay ▁on ▁the ▁John ▁Ren wick ▁around ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ |
1 8 3 7 , ▁just ▁seven ▁weeks ▁after ▁Governor ▁H ind mar sh . ▁as ▁mission aries ▁with ▁the ▁Bapt ist ▁Mission ary ▁Society ▁of ▁England . ▁ ▁Some how ▁his ▁mission ary ▁amb itions ▁failed ▁to ▁material ise . ▁He ▁found ▁employ ment ▁with ▁the ▁South ▁Australian ▁Company , ▁keeping ▁sheep ▁at ▁Brown ▁Hill ▁Creek ▁with ▁Samuel ▁S leep . ▁He ▁le ased ▁a ▁nearby ▁property ▁of ▁ 1 6 4 ▁acres ▁from ▁the ▁South ▁Australian ▁Company , ▁which ▁he ▁far med ▁while ▁living ▁in ▁a ▁c ott age ▁in ▁Ad ela ide . ▁By ▁ 1 8 5 3 ▁he ▁had ▁built ▁a ▁substantial ▁residence ▁" H elen holm " ▁( fre qu ently ▁" H elen hol me "), ▁named ▁for ▁his ▁wife , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁converted ▁his ▁land ▁title ▁to ▁free hold . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Robert ▁C ock ' s ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁expl oration ▁party ▁that ▁clim bed ▁Mount ▁B ark er ▁and ▁reached ▁Lake ▁Alexand r ina . ▁They ▁were ▁fear ful ▁of ▁encounter ing ▁the ▁war like ▁Per am ang k ▁and ▁Ka urn a ▁inhabitants , ▁but ▁never ▁saw ▁one , ▁though ▁no ▁doubt ▁their ▁progress ▁was ▁being ▁closely ▁observed . ▁ ▁Ad ela ide ' s ▁first ▁Str ict ▁Bapt ist ▁church ▁meeting ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁July ▁or ▁September ▁ 1 8 3 8 ▁at ▁his ▁c ott age ▁in ▁R undle ▁Street ▁( l ater ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁Charles ▁Bir ks |
' ▁shop ) ▁with ▁David ▁Mc L aren ▁acting ▁as ▁past or . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ing ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Cong reg ational ▁Church ▁under ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁T . ▁Q . ▁St ow , ▁then ▁from ▁ 2 7 ▁September ▁ 1 8 5 7 ▁acted ▁as ▁past or ▁( initial ly ▁co - p ast or ) ▁of ▁Z ion ▁Chap el ▁in ▁Hans on ▁Street ▁( l ater ▁renamed ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁P ult en ey ▁Street ), ▁a ▁position ▁he ▁held ▁for ▁ 4 0 ▁years . ▁Jacob ▁Abb ott ▁was ▁co - p ast or ▁for ▁some ▁years ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁church ▁at ▁Step ney ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 8 7 7 . ▁ ▁He ▁was , ▁with ▁Thomas ▁Play ford ▁( 1 7 9 5 – 1 8 7 3 ) ▁and ▁Thomas ▁M ugg ▁( 1 7 9 4 – 1 8 8 0 ), ▁a ▁found ing ▁trust ee ▁of ▁the ▁Mitch am ▁General ▁C emetery . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 8 9 5 , ▁he ▁don ated ▁around ▁ 2 ▁acres ▁of ▁land ▁at ▁Mitch am ▁for ▁the ▁benefit ▁of ▁the ▁dest itute ▁elder ly , ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁' And rew s ▁Hom es ' ▁were ▁built , ▁using ▁money ▁left ▁by ▁Mrs ▁E . W . ▁Andrew s ▁of ▁Glen el g . ▁ ▁Family ▁William ▁Fin l ays on ▁married ▁Helen ▁Har vey ▁( born ▁Edinburgh ▁ 1 8 |
1 1 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 8 8 4 ) ▁before ▁leaving ▁for ▁Australia . ▁They ▁had ▁nine ▁children : ▁Jane ▁Con nell ▁Fin l ays on , ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 3 7 ▁– ▁c . ▁ 1 9 2 6 ) ▁never ▁married . ▁Re put edly ▁the ▁first ▁( white ) ▁girl ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁col ony ▁of ▁South ▁Australia . ▁Another ▁source ▁has ▁her ▁born ▁in ▁Glasgow . ▁Robert ▁K ett le ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 2 7 ▁April ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁– ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁William ▁Fin l ays on ▁jun . ▁( 1 8 ▁May ▁ 1 8 4 1 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁August ▁ 1 9 2 5 ) ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Ad ela ide ▁Edu c ational ▁Institution , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁figure ▁prom in ently ▁in ▁the ▁prize ▁lists . ▁He ▁was ▁employed ▁at ▁D . ▁& ▁J . ▁F ow ler ' s ▁gro c ery ▁w are house ▁and ▁with ▁fellow - employee ▁George ▁Brook man ▁took ▁over ▁their ▁ret ail ▁out let ▁at ▁ 7 0 ▁King ▁William ▁Street ▁when ▁the ▁company ▁went ▁strictly ▁wh oles ale ▁around ▁ 1 8 7 0 . ▁He ▁sold ▁that ▁business ▁to ▁C raw ford ▁& ▁Co . ▁around ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁to ▁concent rate ▁on ▁his ▁min ing ▁interests . ▁He ▁married ▁Sarah ▁Anne ▁Richard son ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁– |
▁ 8 ▁February ▁ 1 8 7 5 ) ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 ; ▁they ▁had ▁two ▁daughters : ▁Helen ▁Mary ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 6 5 – 1 9 1 5 ) ▁Em ily ▁Laura ▁" E mm ie " ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 6 7 – 1 9 5 6 ) ▁married ▁William ▁C orm ack ▁Cal der ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 3 ) ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁March ▁ 1 8 9 8 . ▁Cal der ▁was ▁with ▁The ▁Register ▁then ▁Hans ard ▁staff . ▁He ▁married ▁Em ily ▁Hamb ly ▁Nick els ▁( ▁– ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁December ▁ 1 8 7 9 . ▁by ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁two ▁sons : ▁ ▁Frederick ▁William ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 8 1 – ▁) ▁married ▁cousin ▁Dor othy ▁Jean ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 9 3 ▁– ▁) ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁August ▁ 1 9 1 4 . ▁Dor othy ▁was ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁Eb ene zer ▁Fin l ays on ▁( see ▁below ). ▁Ron ald ▁Nick els ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 8 2 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁one ▁report , ▁his ▁wid ow ▁married ▁William ▁Bur ford ▁and ▁n urs ed ▁him ▁in ▁his ▁last ▁years . ▁Bur ford ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 |
2 5 . ▁If ▁true , ▁this ▁could ▁only ▁mean ▁that ▁Fin l ays on ▁married ▁a ▁third ▁time . ▁John ▁Har vey ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 3 ▁February ▁ 1 8 4 3 ▁– ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Helen ▁Har vey ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 1 ▁September ▁ 1 8 4 6 ▁– ▁ 8 ▁June ▁ 1 8 9 0 ) ▁married ▁William ▁Am bro se ▁of ▁Mann um ▁She ▁died ▁after ▁falling ▁from ▁a ▁trap ▁driven ▁by ▁her ▁father . ▁Eb ene zer ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 2 5 ▁October ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 3 ) ▁was ▁also ▁educated ▁at ▁Ad ela ide ▁Edu c ational ▁Institution . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁navig ator ▁on ▁the ▁River ▁Murray ▁with ▁Captain ▁Rand ell , ▁then ▁in ▁business ▁in ▁partners hips ▁Fin l ays on ▁& ▁Par s ons ▁and ▁Fin l ays on ▁& ▁Gol lin . ▁He ▁married ▁Fin net te ▁Champion ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁June ▁ 1 8 8 5 . ▁Their ▁children ▁included : ▁ ▁Eth el ▁Mon a ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 2 6 ▁May ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁– ▁ 6 ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 7 ) ▁Gordon ▁P atter son ▁Black more ▁on ▁ 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁Gordon ▁was ▁a ▁grand son ▁of ▁Arch de acon ▁F arr ▁Dor othy ▁Jean ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 |
8 9 2 ▁– ▁) ▁married ▁cousin ▁Frederick ▁William ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 8 1 – ▁) ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁August ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁( see ▁above ). ▁Jess ie ▁Grace ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 2 6 ▁Sep ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁– ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 1 9 3 1 ) ▁never ▁married . ▁Elizabeth ▁Mary ▁Christ ina ▁" B ess ie " ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 2 6 ▁August ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 6 ) ▁m . ▁Herbert ▁Nick els ▁of ▁For rest on ▁ 2 7 ▁September ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁Hann ah ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 8 ▁Jul ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁September ▁ 1 9 2 8 ) ▁m . ▁Capt . ▁William ▁Be av is ▁Rand ell ▁( 1 8 5 6 ▁– ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁of ▁G umer ach a ▁ ▁R . ▁K . ▁Fin l ays on ▁E ld est ▁son ▁Robert ▁K ett le ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 2 7 ▁April ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁– ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁North ▁Ad ela ide ▁and ▁spent ▁his ▁younger ▁days ▁on ▁their ▁farm ▁in ▁Mitch am . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁J . ▁L . ▁Young ' s ▁Ad ela ide ▁Edu c ational ▁Institution ▁and ▁even ▁while ▁young ▁was ▁a ▁keen ▁church go er |
. ▁He ▁ran ▁a ▁Sunday - school ▁in ▁George ▁Street , ▁Step ney ▁for ▁the ▁Rev . ▁All an ▁W . ▁Web b ▁which ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁in ▁Ad ela ide . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁de acon ▁of ▁the ▁Z ion ▁Chap el ▁in ▁P ult en ey ▁Street , ▁Ad ela ide ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁was ▁appointed ▁co - p ast or , ▁serving ▁the ▁churches ▁in ▁P ult en ey ▁Street , ▁George ▁Street ▁and ▁another ▁at ▁Burn side . ▁He ▁followed ▁his ▁father ▁as ▁past or ▁of ▁Z ion ▁Church ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 8 9 7 . ▁( Att endance ▁at ▁the ▁Z ion ▁chap el ▁later ▁fell ▁away ▁and ▁was ▁used ▁by ▁P ly mouth ▁Bre th ren ▁then ▁the ▁Salv ation ▁Army , ▁where ▁it ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁soup ▁kitchen ▁during ▁the ▁Great ▁De pression ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Ad ela ide ▁City ▁Mission ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 5 ▁years . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁regular ▁and ▁prominent ▁particip ant ▁in ▁Y M CA ▁m idd ay ▁prayer ▁meet ings ▁for ▁ 3 5 ▁years . ▁ ▁He ▁married ▁Elizabeth ▁Corn ish ▁( 1 8 4 2 ▁– ▁ 1 8 8 0 ) ▁c . ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁city ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 7 . ▁They ▁had ▁eight ▁children , ▁including : ▁Frank ▁Arthur ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 6 4 ▁– ▁ 1 1 ▁October |
▁ 1 8 9 5 ), ▁a ▁tal ented ▁cr ick eter , ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁trag ic ▁cr icket ing ▁accident ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁at ▁the ▁Ad ela ide ▁O val ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁another ▁player , ▁Ernest ▁A . ▁St ow , ▁a ▁son ▁of ▁Judge ▁St ow ▁and ▁grand son ▁of ▁T . ▁Q . ▁St ow . ▁Albert ▁Clement ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 1 8 7 6 – 1 9 2 0 ) ▁married ▁C ( ar oline ) ▁Eth el ▁F itch ▁( 1 8 7 9 – 1 9 5 8 ) ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 7 . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁J . ▁T . ▁F itch . ▁A . ▁C . ▁Fin l ays on ▁was ▁a ▁prominent ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁Australian ▁Liter ary ▁Soci eties ' ▁Union . ▁He ▁married ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 , ▁to ▁the ▁wid ow ▁Elizabeth ▁" Ed ith " ▁Bow en , ▁n ée ▁Bur ford ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 3 2 ▁– ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 1 9 0 0 ), ▁el dest ▁daughter ▁of ▁W . ▁H . ▁Bur ford ). ▁He ▁died ▁at ▁" H elen holm " ▁after ▁several ▁months ' ▁severe ▁ill ness , ▁and ▁was ▁buried ▁at ▁the ▁Mitch am ▁c emetery . ▁ ▁J . ▁Har vey ▁Fin l ays on ▁ ▁John ▁Har vey ▁Fin l ays on ▁( 3 |
▁February ▁ 1 8 4 3 ▁– ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 5 ), ▁editor ▁and ▁part - owner ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁Australian ▁Register , ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁" H elen holm ". ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁George ▁M ugg ' s ▁school ▁and ▁Ad ela ide ▁Edu c ational ▁Institution . ▁ ▁J . H . ▁Fin l ays on ▁joined ▁The ▁Register ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁and ▁became ▁head ▁rep orter ▁ 1 8 6 6 , ▁a ▁propriet or ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁and ▁editor ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 8 . ▁ ▁He ▁res igned ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁due ▁to ▁ill - he alth ▁and ▁went ▁to ▁England . ▁There ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁resident ▁rep orter ▁until ▁ret iring ▁and ▁returning ▁to ▁Ad ela ide ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁dying ▁ 7 ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁editor ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁out sp oken ▁supp orter ▁of ▁female ▁suff rage , ▁free ▁sec ular ▁education , ▁free ▁trade ▁between ▁the ▁Col on ies , ▁and ▁Federation . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁Cong reg ational ▁church man , ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁Justice ▁of ▁the ▁Peace ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁married ▁Alice ▁Sho ob ridge ▁( ca . ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁– ▁ 6 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 3 ) ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁March ▁ 1 8 7 8 . ▁They ▁had ▁a ▁son ▁Har vey |
▁P ym ▁Fin l ays on , ▁and ▁a ▁daughter ▁Kath ar ine , ▁(" K ate "). ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁Rem in isc ences ▁by ▁William ▁Fin l ays on ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Ge ographical ▁Society ▁of ▁Austral asia ▁: ▁South ▁Australian ▁Branch , ▁ 1 9 0 2 . ▁( Man us cript ▁annot ated ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Allen , ▁Th esis ▁( B . A . ▁( H ons )), ▁Fl ind ers ▁University , ▁De pt ▁of ▁English , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Hugh es , ▁Rev . ▁H . ▁Est court ▁Our ▁First ▁H undred ▁Years . ▁The ▁Bapt ist ▁Church ▁of ▁South ▁Australia ▁S . A . ▁Bapt ist ▁Union , ▁Ad ela ide ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁c ited ▁in ▁The ▁Ad vert iser ▁ 1 6 ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁p . 1 0 ▁http :// n la . gov . au / n la . news - article 3 6 3 7 9 1 5 9 ▁Fin l ays on ▁Book ▁Committee ▁Fin l ays on : ▁a ▁family ▁of ▁Scottish ▁P ione ers ▁of ▁South ▁Australia ▁( Ad ela ide , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁c ited ▁by ▁Rob ▁L inn ▁http :// web j ourn als . alph ac ru cis . edu . au / j ourn als / ade b / f / fin l ays on - will iam - 1 8 1 3 - 1 |
8 9 7 / ▁Lo y au , ▁G . ▁E . ▁Notable ▁South ▁Austral ians ▁( Ad ela ide , ▁ 1 8 8 5 ) ▁op . ▁cit . ▁Pre iss , ▁Ken ▁and ▁Pam ela ▁Ob orn ▁The ▁Tor r ens ▁Park ▁Est ate ▁( Ad ela ide , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁op . ▁cit . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Austral ian ▁Bapt ist ▁minister s ▁Category : S ett lers ▁of ▁South ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Great ▁War ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 6 - ep is ode ▁document ary ▁series ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁on ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War . ▁The ▁document ary ▁was ▁a ▁co - production ▁of ▁the ▁Imperial ▁War ▁Museum , ▁the ▁British ▁Broadcast ing ▁Corporation , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Broadcast ing ▁Corporation ▁and ▁the ▁Australian ▁Broadcast ing ▁Commission . ▁The ▁narr ator ▁was ▁Michael ▁Red gra ve , ▁with ▁read ings ▁by ▁Mar ius ▁G oring , ▁Ralph ▁Richard son , ▁Cy ril ▁L uck ham , ▁Sebastian ▁Shaw ▁and ▁Em lyn ▁Williams . ▁Each ▁episode ▁is ▁ ▁long . ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁at ▁the ▁suggestion ▁of ▁Al as da ir ▁Mil ne , ▁producer ▁of ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁current ▁affairs ▁programme ▁Ton ight , ▁the ▁BBC ▁resolved ▁to ▁mark ▁the ▁f ift i eth ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁with ▁a ▁big ▁television ▁project . ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁feature ▁veter ans |
, ▁many ▁of ▁them ▁still ▁relatively ▁fit ▁men ▁in ▁their ▁late ▁si xt ies ▁or ▁early ▁sevent ies , ▁speaking ▁of ▁their ▁experiences ▁after ▁a ▁public ▁appeal ▁for ▁veter ans ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁national ▁press . ▁Those ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁included ▁Edward ▁Spe ars , ▁Henry ▁William son , ▁Hor ace ▁Bir ks , ▁Benjamin ▁Muse , ▁Gustav ▁L ach mann , ▁Mel vin ▁K rule w itch , ▁George ▁Lang ley , ▁Keith ▁Officer , ▁Douglas ▁W im ber ley , ▁Charles ▁Car r ington , ▁Eg bert ▁Cad bury , ▁E uan ▁Rab agli ati , ▁Robert ▁Cot ton ▁M oney , ▁Norman ▁Dem uth , ▁Walter ▁Green wood ▁and ▁Cec il ▁Arthur ▁Lewis . ▁O thers ▁who ▁were ▁interview ed ▁by ▁the ▁BBC ▁but ▁not ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁included ▁Norman ▁Mac Mill an , ▁M abel ▁L eth bridge , ▁Ed gar ▁von ▁Sp iegel , ▁Edmund ▁Bl unden , ▁Martin ▁Niem öll er , ▁John ▁She a , ▁Hans ▁How ald t , ▁William ▁I bb ett , ▁Mart he ▁Bib es co , ▁Philip ▁J ou bert ▁de ▁la ▁F ert é ▁and ▁Eric ▁D orm an ▁O ' G owan . ▁ ▁Title ▁sequence ▁The ▁series ▁title ▁sequence ▁used ▁a ▁ro str um ▁camera ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁mont age ▁of ▁three ▁images , ▁the ▁first ▁showing ▁a ▁sil hou ett ed ▁British ▁soldier ▁standing ▁over ▁the ▁grave ▁of ▁a ▁com rade , ▁the ▁camera ▁first ▁focus es ▁on ▁the ▁cross , ▁where ▁the |
▁almost ▁imper cept ible ▁words ▁IN ▁M EM ORY ▁are ▁gl anced , ▁the ▁second ▁shows ▁a ▁uniform ed , ▁ske let al ▁cor pse ▁by ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁a ▁d ug out . ▁The ▁final ▁image ▁shows ▁a ▁l one ▁British ▁soldier , ▁looking ▁directly ▁into ▁the ▁camera ▁apparently ▁surrounded ▁by ▁corps es , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁mont age ▁of ▁several ▁images ▁combined ▁for ▁dram atic ▁effect . ▁The ▁original ▁image ▁of ▁the ▁st aring ▁soldier , ▁showing ▁him ▁surrounded ▁by ▁fellow ▁soldiers ▁rather ▁than ▁corps es , ▁was ▁taken ▁from ▁photograph ▁Q ▁ 1 ▁in ▁the ▁Imperial ▁War ▁Museum ▁photograph ▁archive ▁but ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁having ▁quickly ▁become ▁symbol ic ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War . ▁This ▁title ▁sequence ▁was ▁set ▁against ▁the ▁series ▁theme ▁music , ▁composed ▁by ▁Wil fred ▁Joseph s ▁and ▁performed ▁by ▁the ▁BBC ▁Northern ▁Orchestra . ▁ ▁E pisode ▁listing ▁The ▁episode ▁titles ▁are ▁taken ▁from ▁quot ations , ▁the ▁orig ins ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁shown ▁in ▁parentheses . ▁ ▁With ▁few ▁exceptions , ▁success ive ▁blocks ▁of ▁episodes ▁are ▁devoted ▁to ▁each ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁war : ▁episodes ▁ 1 – 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁ 7 – 1 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁ 1 1 – 1 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁ 1 5 – 1 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 – 2 3 ▁and ▁ 2 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 8 . |
▁ ▁Two ▁" Extra " ▁episodes ▁exist ▁on ▁the ▁dual - layer ▁DVD ▁edition : ▁▁ ▁" V o ices ▁from ▁the ▁Western ▁Front " ▁ ▁" The ▁Fin ished ▁F ighter " ▁ ▁Musical ▁score ▁The ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁Wil fred ▁Joseph s . ▁It ▁was ▁performed ▁by ▁the ▁BBC ▁Northern ▁Sym phony ▁Orchestra ▁conducted ▁by ▁George ▁Hur st . ▁ ▁His ▁express ive ▁yet ▁uns ent iment al ▁score ▁was ▁widely ▁acc laimed ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁and ▁many ▁have ▁re called ▁the ▁strong ▁contribution ▁it ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁series . ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Guardian ▁column ist ▁Ian ▁Jack ▁remembered ▁how ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁each ▁episode ▁Joseph s ' ▁' omin ous ▁music ▁us her ed ▁the ▁audience ▁into ▁the ▁tren ches '. ▁Much ▁use ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁sym phon ies , ▁including ▁Sh ost akov itch ' s ▁ 1 1 th ▁Sym phony ▁and ▁V aug han ▁Williams ' ▁S inf onia ▁Ant art ica '. ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Each ▁episode ▁of ▁The ▁Great ▁War ▁was ▁seen ▁by ▁an ▁average ▁audience ▁of ▁over ▁eight ▁million ▁people , ▁a ▁ 1 7 ▁percent ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁estimated ▁view ing ▁population . ▁The ▁fourth ▁episode , ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁of ▁the ▁series , ▁reached ▁an ▁audience ▁of ▁over ▁eleven ▁million ▁( 2 2 . 6 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁audience ). ▁ ▁Awards ▁Following ▁transmission ▁of ▁the ▁series ▁by ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Ireland ' s ▁national ▁TV ▁station |
, ▁Tele f ís ▁É ire ann , ▁The ▁Great ▁War ▁won ▁a ▁Jacob ' s ▁Award ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁presentation ▁ceremony ▁in ▁Dublin . ▁ ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁cent en ary ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁fifty ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁series , ▁the ▁BBC ▁announced ▁that ▁un sh own ▁interview ▁material , ▁recorded ▁during ▁the ▁making ▁of ▁The ▁Great ▁War , ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁programme , ▁My ▁Great ▁War , ▁to ▁be ▁shown ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁program mes ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁cent en ary . ▁The ▁programme ▁was ▁first ▁broadcast ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁entitled ▁" I ▁Was ▁There : ▁the ▁Great ▁War ▁Inter views ". ▁ ▁DVD ▁releases ▁There ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁two ▁releases ▁as ▁of ▁mid - 2 0 0 7 , ▁both ▁in ▁the ▁UK , ▁both ▁Region ▁ 2 . ▁The ▁audio ▁has ▁been ▁rem aster ed . ▁The ▁first ▁shows ▁copy right ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁consists ▁of ▁five ▁volumes , ▁each ▁housing ▁two ▁DVD s ▁( single - layer ). ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁cover ▁descri ptions ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁mention ▁of ▁the ▁Ext ra ▁episodes ▁The ▁other ▁shows ▁copy right ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁consists ▁of ▁seven ▁DVD s ▁– ▁six ▁containing ▁the ▁original ▁ 2 6 ▁episodes ▁and ▁one ▁with ▁the ▁two ▁Ext ras . ▁ ▁These ▁disc s ▁are ▁dual - |
layer . ▁It ▁is ▁distributed ▁by ▁D D ▁Video . ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁the ▁Daily ▁Mail ▁distributed ▁the ▁series ▁on ▁DVD ▁to ▁its ▁readers ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁promotion . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁One ▁– ▁CBS ▁production ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) ▁ ▁The ▁World ▁at ▁War ▁– ▁Th ames ▁Television ▁production ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Som me ▁– ▁From ▁De fe at ▁to ▁Vict ory ▁BBC ▁production ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Books ▁▁▁ ▁J ourn als ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Web sites ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁How ▁the ▁Great ▁War ▁Was ▁Lost ▁- ▁and ▁Found ▁( The ▁review ▁wrong ly ▁implies ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁either ▁inde bt ed ▁to , ▁or ▁written ▁by ▁Sir ▁William ▁Wal ton , ▁whom ▁it ▁also ▁err one ously ▁c ites ▁for ▁the ▁score ▁of ▁Scott ▁of ▁the ▁Ant ar ctic ' ', ▁written ▁by ▁Ralph ▁V aug han ▁Williams .) ▁ ▁The ▁Great ▁War , ▁E pisode ▁ 6 ▁▁▁ ▁I WM ▁Inter view ▁with ▁E uan ▁Rab agli ati , ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁" We ▁Must ▁H ack ▁Our ▁Way ▁Through " ▁ ▁I WM ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Frederick ▁At kin son , ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁" O ur ▁H ats ▁We ▁Do ff ▁To ▁General ▁J off re " ▁ ▁I WM ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Ernest ▁Am is , ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁" So ▁S leep ▁E asy ▁In |
▁Your ▁B eds " ▁ ▁I WM ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Joseph ▁Murray , ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁" Please ▁God ▁Send ▁Us ▁A ▁Vict ory " ▁ ▁I WM ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Richard ▁Tal bot ▁Kelly , ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁" What ▁Are ▁Our ▁Al lies ▁Do ing ?" ▁& ▁" S ure ly ▁We ▁Have ▁Per ished " ▁ ▁I WM ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Hor ace ▁Bir ks , ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁" The ▁Hell ▁Where ▁Youth ▁And ▁L augh ter ▁Go " ▁ ▁I WM ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Herbert ▁Sul z bach , ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁" And ▁We ▁W ere ▁Young " ▁ ▁Category : Jac ob ' s ▁Award ▁w inners ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 s ▁British ▁document ary ▁television ▁series ▁Category : B rit ish ▁document ary ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Document ary ▁films ▁about ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : Document ary ▁television ▁series ▁about ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : B BC ▁television ▁document aries ▁about ▁history <0x0A> </s> ▁I lies cu ▁is ▁a ▁Roman ian ▁surname : ▁ ▁Adri ana ▁I lies cu ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 8 ), ▁Roman ian ▁university ▁lect urer ▁and ▁children ' s ▁writer ▁ ▁Arist ide ▁I lies cu ▁(? ▁– ▁ 1 9 4 2 ), ▁Roman ian ▁sculpt or ▁and ▁painter ▁ ▁Constantin ▁C . ▁I lies cu ▁( 1 8 9 2 |
▁– ▁ 1 9 7 8 ), ▁Roman ian ▁phys ician ▁ ▁Constantin ▁I . ▁I lies cu ▁(? ▁– ▁? ), ▁Roman ian ▁politician ▁ ▁I on ▁I lies cu ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 0 ), ▁President ▁of ▁Roman ia ▁( 1 9 9 2 – 1 9 9 6 ; ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Juan ▁I lies co ▁( 1 8 9 8 ▁– ▁ 1 9 6 8 ), ▁Roman ian - born ▁Argent ine ▁ch ess ▁player ▁ ▁Mih ai ▁I lies cu ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 7 8 ), ▁Roman ian ▁b obs led der ▁ ▁Nicola e ▁I lies cu ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 6 ), ▁Roman ian ▁writer ▁and ▁opinion ▁journalist ▁ ▁Oct av ian ▁I lies cu ▁( 1 9 1 9 ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 9 ), ▁Roman ian ▁num ism at ist ▁▁ Ș er ban ▁I lies cu ▁( 1 9 5 6 ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 6 ), ▁Roman ian ▁lingu ist ▁and ▁journalist ▁ ▁Val entin ▁Ad rian ▁I lies cu ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 6 1 ), ▁Roman ian ▁politician ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Dum it ru ▁I lies cu ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Category : R oman ian - language ▁s urn ames ▁Category : Pat ron ym ic ▁s urn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁Li u ▁L ili ▁ ▁( born ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁Chinese ▁female ▁track ▁cycl |
ist , ▁representing ▁China ▁at ▁international ▁compet itions . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁U CI ▁Track ▁Cy cling ▁World ▁Cup ▁she ▁won ▁in ▁the ▁team ▁s print ▁at ▁round ▁one ▁in ▁Glasgow ▁the ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁at ▁round ▁two ▁in ▁Ap el do orn ▁the ▁bronze ▁medal . ▁ ▁Career ▁results ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁International ▁Track ▁Cup ▁ 2 nd ▁Team ▁P urs uit ▁( with ▁Han ▁Cu ip ing , ▁He ▁Jun ya o ▁and ▁X ing ▁Fe ix ue ) ▁ 3 rd ▁ 5 0 0 m ▁Time ▁Tri al ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Japan ▁Track ▁Cup ▁ 3 rd ▁S print ▁ 3 rd ▁S print ▁ 3 rd ▁S print , ▁China ▁Track ▁Cup ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ch inese ▁female ▁cycl ists ▁Category : Ch inese ▁track ▁cycl ists ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Murray ▁Ch at lain ▁( born ▁January ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁pre late ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church , ▁who ▁( as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁serves ▁as ▁Arch bishop ▁of ▁Ke ew atin - Le ▁Pas . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Murray ▁Ch at lain ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁in ▁S ask ato on , ▁S ask atch ew an |
. ▁ ▁He ▁completed ▁b ac cala ure ate ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁S ask atch ew an ▁and ▁earned ▁the ▁M . Div . ▁degree ▁at ▁St . ▁Peter ' s ▁Sem inary ▁in ▁London , ▁Ontario . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Ch at lain ▁was ▁ord ained ▁a ▁priest ▁for ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁S ask ato on ; ▁in ▁subsequent ▁years ▁he ▁served ▁par ishes ▁in ▁that ▁dioc ese ▁and ▁within ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Mack en zie - F ort ▁Smith . ▁ ▁Pope ▁Bened ict ▁XVI ▁appointed ▁Ch at lain ▁as ▁co adj utor ▁bishop ▁of ▁Mack en zie - F ort ▁Smith ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Ch at lain ▁was ▁consec r ated ▁in ▁September ▁of ▁that ▁year , ▁and ▁he ▁succeeded ▁Bishop ▁Den is ▁C rote au , ▁O . M . I . ▁as ▁ordinary ▁upon ▁the ▁latter ' s ▁ret irement ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁Bened ict ▁XVI ▁appointed ▁Ch at lain ▁arch bishop ▁of ▁Ke ew atin - Le ▁Pas ▁on ▁December ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁His ▁installation ▁as ▁the ▁sixth ▁bishop ▁of ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁as ▁the ▁inaug uration ▁in ▁V at ican ▁City ▁of ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Pope ▁Francis . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Reference ▁page ▁at ▁c atholic - h ier archy . |
org ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁b ish ops ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁S ask ato on ▁Category : St . ▁Peter ' s ▁Sem inary ▁( Di oc ese ▁of ▁London , ▁Ontario ) ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Ric cio ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁Alo is io ▁Ric cio , ▁bishop ▁Andrea ▁Ric cio , ▁Italian ▁sculpt or ▁Anton ello ▁Ric cio , ▁Italian ▁painter ▁Bill ▁Ric cio , ▁American ▁activ ist ▁Dan ▁Ric cio , ▁American ▁business man ▁Dan iele ▁Ric cio , ▁Italian ▁engineer ▁Dennis ▁Ric cio , ▁American ▁NFL ▁footballer ▁E ros ▁Ric cio , ▁Italian ▁ch ess ▁player ▁Fel ice ▁Ric cio , ▁Italian ▁painter ▁Giovanni ▁Batt ista ▁Ric cio , ▁Italian ▁music ian ▁Luigi ▁Ric cio ▁Mar iano ▁Ric cio , ▁Italian ▁painter ▁Michel ▁Ric cio , ▁lawyer ▁Paolo ▁Ric cio , ▁German ▁phil os opher ▁Su z anne ▁Ric cio - M aj or , ▁box er ▁Thomas ▁Ric cio ▁( disambiguation ), ▁multiple ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁S lak bash ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁sel o ) ▁and ▁the ▁administrative ▁center ▁of ▁S lak bas he v sky ▁Sel so vi et , ▁Be le be ye v sky ▁District , ▁Bash k ort ost an , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 5 5 1 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁There ▁are ▁ 1 0 ▁streets . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ |
▁It ▁is ▁located ▁ 2 5 km ▁from ▁Be le bey . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Link s ▁▁ ▁Та ть я на ▁Е ф рем ова : ▁О ▁Си ль би , ▁ме к ке ▁чу ва ш ского ▁на рода ▁на ▁зем лях ▁Ба ш кор стана ▁ ▁Ви та лий ▁Ста нь я л : ▁У дар ▁по ▁ба шки р ской ▁Ш вей ца рии ▁ ▁Е лена ▁У х са й : ▁Сов ремен ный ▁в ан да ли зм , ▁или ▁Ко гда ▁зем ля ▁пла че т ▁ ▁Ви ту с ▁Не бе ри нг : ▁Э ко кон ф ли кт ▁пре вра ща ется ▁в ▁националь ную ▁чу му ▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Bash k ort ost an ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Be le be ye v sky ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Wiel kie ▁Bud z iska ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁C ek c yn , ▁within ▁T uch ola ▁County , ▁K uy av ian - P omer an ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁north - central ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁north - east ▁of ▁C ek c yn , ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁T uch ola , ▁and ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁By dg osz cz . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 2 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Wiel kie ▁Bud z iska <0x0A> </s> ▁" R h ythm ▁Is ▁G onna ▁Get |
▁You " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁written ▁by ▁En rique ▁" K iki " ▁Gar cia ▁and ▁Gl oria ▁Est ef an , ▁and ▁released ▁by ▁Gl oria ▁Est ef an ▁and ▁Miami ▁Sound ▁Machine ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁as ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁Let ▁It ▁Lo ose ▁( and ▁the ▁European ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁An yth ing ▁for ▁You ). ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁their ▁fourth ▁top ▁ 1 0 ▁( and ▁second ▁top ▁five ) ▁single ▁on ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Billboard ▁Hot ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁pe aking ▁at ▁number ▁five . ▁In ▁the ▁UK , ▁it ▁took ▁a ▁year ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁for ▁the ▁single ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁chart ▁hit . ▁ ▁First ▁released ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁single ▁from ▁Let ▁It ▁Lo ose , ▁the ▁song ▁failed ▁to ▁chart ; ▁a ▁re issue ▁came ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁after ▁the ▁song ▁featured ▁in ▁St ake out , ▁once ▁again ▁the ▁song ▁failed ▁to ▁chart . ▁However , ▁after ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁follow - up ▁singles ▁" Any thing ▁for ▁You " ▁and ▁" 1 - 2 - 3 ", ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁re - re leased ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁just ▁before ▁Christmas ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁UK ▁top ▁ 2 0 ▁hit , ▁pe aking ▁at ▁number ▁ 1 6 ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁also ▁featured ▁in ▁prom os ▁for ▁W heel ▁of |
▁Fort une , ▁with ▁lyr ics ▁changed ▁to ▁" W heel ' s ▁G onna ▁Get ▁You ". ▁ ▁An ▁extended ▁rem ix ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁a ▁ 1 2 " ▁single ▁in ▁the ▁US . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁sample d ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Bol lywood ▁film , ▁T ride v , ▁in ▁the ▁song ▁" O ye ▁O ye - T ir chi ▁Top iw ale " ▁and ▁" G aj ar ▁ne ▁Ki ya ▁I sh ara ". ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁sample d ▁by ▁Est ef an ' s ▁own ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁single ▁" O ye ". ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁pres ervation ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Rec ording ▁Reg istry ▁by ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress ▁as ▁being ▁" c ultur ally , ▁histor ically , ▁or ▁artist ically ▁significant ." ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Official ▁versions ▁and ▁rem ix es ▁Original ▁versions ▁ ▁Album ▁Version ▁( aka ▁ 7 " ▁Version ▁/ ▁Radio ▁Version ▁/ ▁Single ▁Version ) ▁ ▁— ▁( 3 : 5 4 ) ▁ ▁Pablo ▁Fl ores ▁rem ix es ▁▁ 1 2 " ▁Version ▁( aka ▁Ext ended ▁Version ▁/ ▁O - eh ▁O - eh ▁Edit ) ▁ ▁— ▁( 7 : 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Dub ▁Mix ▁ ▁— ▁( 5 : 5 8 ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁rem ix es ▁ ▁Radio ▁Mix ▁ ▁— ▁( 3 : 3 4 ) ▁ ▁Ext ended ▁Mix ▁ ▁— |
▁( 6 : 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Inst rument al ▁Dub ▁ ▁— ▁( 3 : 3 4 ) ▁ ▁Release ▁dates ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : G l oria ▁Est ef an ▁songs ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁singles ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Gl oria ▁Est ef an ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁songs ▁Category : E pic ▁Records ▁singles ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁En rique ▁Gar cia ▁( song writer ) ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁National ▁Rec ording ▁Reg istry ▁record ings <0x0A> </s> ▁Rod ▁Whit aker ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁former ▁professional ▁rugby ▁league ▁footballer . ▁He ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁New castle ▁Kn ights ▁squad ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁Background ▁Whit aker ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁le agues ▁with ▁C ess no ck ▁before ▁signing ▁with ▁New castle ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁Whit aker ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁grade ▁debut ▁for ▁New castle ▁in ▁Round ▁ 1 ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁against ▁the ▁Par ram atta ▁E els ▁in ▁the ▁club ' s ▁inaug ural ▁match . ▁ ▁Whit aker ▁played ▁four ▁more ▁games ▁for ▁New castle . ▁ ▁His ▁last ▁match ▁in ▁first ▁grade ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 4 - 8 ▁loss ▁against ▁the ▁Pen r ith ▁Pan thers . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁http :// www . rug b yle ague project . org / play ers / R od _ Wh it aker |
/ summary . html ▁ ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rugby ▁league ▁players ▁Category : New castle ▁Kn ights ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : R ugby ▁league ▁w ingers ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁women ' s ▁ 1 0 0 ▁metres ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Summer ▁Univers ia de ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 8 ▁and ▁ 9 ▁July ▁at ▁the ▁G w ang ju ▁Univers ia de ▁Main ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁Medal ists ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁He ats ▁Qual ification : ▁First ▁ 3 ▁in ▁each ▁heat ▁( Q ) ▁and ▁next ▁ 6 ▁fast est ▁( q ) ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁semif inals . ▁ ▁Wind : He at ▁ 1 : ▁+ 0 . 4 m / s , ▁He at ▁ 2 : ▁+ 0 . 6 m / s , ▁He at ▁ 3 : ▁+ 0 . 5 m / s , ▁He at ▁ 4 : ▁+ 0 . 3 m / s , ▁He at ▁ 5 : ▁+ 0 . 1 m / s , ▁He at ▁ 6 : ▁+ 0 . 1 m / s ▁ ▁Sem if inals ▁Qual ification : ▁First ▁ 2 ▁in ▁each ▁heat ▁( Q ) ▁and ▁the ▁next ▁ 2 ▁fast est ▁( q ) ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁final . ▁ ▁Wind : He at ▁ 1 |
: ▁+ 1 . 3 m / s , ▁He at ▁ 2 : ▁+ 1 . 6 m / s , ▁He at ▁ 3 : ▁+ 1 . 8 m / s ▁ ▁Final ▁Wind : ▁+ 0 . 4 m / s ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 1 0 0 ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁in ▁women ' s ▁athlet ics ▁ 2 0 1 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁Elizabeth ▁Fal con er ▁( born ▁July ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁American ▁master s ▁of ▁the ▁k oto , ▁a ▁traditional ▁z ither ▁from ▁Japan . ▁Un us ually , ▁she ▁is ▁lic ensed ▁in ▁two ▁k oto ▁schools ▁in ▁Japan . ▁She ▁began ▁playing ▁the ▁k oto ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁She ▁earned ▁a ▁jun sh ih an ▁( associ ate ▁degree ) ▁from ▁the ▁Se i ha ▁K oto ▁School , ▁studying ▁under ▁Nag ane ▁Ut ay umi . ▁This ▁school ▁focused ▁on ▁classical ▁works . ▁She ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁Tokyo ▁and ▁studied ▁under ▁the ▁este emed ▁S aw ai ▁Kaz ue ▁and ▁S aw ai ▁T ada o ▁at ▁the ▁S aw ai ▁K oto ▁School , ▁and ▁earned ▁a ▁Sh ih an ▁( master ' s ▁license ) ▁at ▁the ▁S aw ai ▁K oto ▁School , ▁which ▁focus es ▁on ▁contemporary ▁works . ▁She ▁is ▁an ▁adm ir er ▁of ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁S aw ai ▁Kaz ue . ▁ |
▁Fal con er ▁holds ▁a ▁B A ▁in ▁Japanese ▁Studies ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Oregon , ▁an ▁MA ▁in ▁Japanese ▁Ped ag ogy , ▁and ▁a ▁Ph D ▁in ▁International ▁Education , ▁writing ▁her ▁dis sert ation ▁on ▁k oto ▁teaching ▁methods ▁in ▁Japan . ▁Her ▁works ▁for ▁k oto ▁are ▁published ▁in ▁Japan . ▁She ▁has ▁earned ▁numerous ▁awards ▁for ▁her ▁work ▁combining ▁Japanese ▁fol kt ales ▁with ▁original ▁k oto ▁music ▁and ▁has ▁produced ▁over ▁ 1 0 ▁albums ▁on ▁her ▁label , ▁K oto ▁World . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Elizabeth ▁Fal con er ▁official ▁site ▁ ▁Category : American ▁female ▁mus icians ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Oregon ▁al umn i ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : K oto ▁players ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁Whe eler ▁County , ▁Texas . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁complete ▁list ▁of ▁properties ▁and ▁districts ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Whe eler ▁County , ▁Texas . ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁properties ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁in ▁the ▁county . ▁One ▁property ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁Record ed ▁Texas ▁Historic ▁Land mark . ▁ ▁Current ▁list ings ▁ ▁The ▁locations ▁of ▁National ▁Register ▁properties ▁may ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁a ▁mapping ▁service ▁provided . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in |
▁Texas ▁Record ed ▁Texas ▁Historic ▁Land marks ▁in ▁Whe eler ▁County ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : W he eler ▁County , ▁Texas ▁Whe eler ▁County ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Whe eler ▁County , ▁Texas ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁C rop ston ▁Res er voir ▁( origin ally ▁known ▁as ▁Brad gate ▁Res er voir ) ▁lies ▁in ▁Ch arn wood ▁Forest ▁in ▁Le ic esters hire , ▁England . ▁The ▁dam ▁and ▁associated ▁water ▁works ▁are ▁in ▁C rop ston , ▁while ▁the ▁bulk ▁of ▁the ▁res er voir ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁neighbour ing ▁New town ▁Lin ford ▁parish . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁opened ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁in ▁a ▁corner ▁of ▁Brad gate ▁Park , ▁a ▁large ▁exp anse ▁of ▁open ▁land ▁north west ▁of ▁Le ic ester . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁Brad gate ▁Park ▁and ▁C rop ston ▁Res er voir ▁Site ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest . ▁ ▁London - based ▁consult ing ▁engineer ▁Thomas ▁Haw ks ley ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁Le ic ester ▁Water ▁Works ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁surve ying ▁work . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 8 6 7 , ▁ ▁of ▁land ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁de er ▁park ▁at ▁Brad gate ▁Park ▁was ▁purchased ▁from ▁the ▁Earl ▁of ▁St am ford ▁for ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁£ 2 4 , 0 0 0 . ▁A ▁stone ▁wall ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁George ▁Rud kin ▁around ▁the ▁boundary ▁to ▁separate ▁the ▁de er |
▁park ▁from ▁the ▁res er voir , ▁at ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁ 8 s ▁ 1 0 d ▁per ▁yard . ▁The ▁dam ▁is ▁ ▁long ▁and ▁r ises ▁to ▁a ▁height ▁of ▁ ▁at ▁its ▁highest ▁point , ▁which ▁gives ▁a ▁depth ▁of ▁water ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁cost ▁of ▁the ▁dam ▁was ▁£ 4 1 , 3 5 6 ▁and ▁the ▁res er voir ▁£ 8 , 5 0 0 ▁with ▁the ▁contract ▁being ▁awarded ▁to ▁Bent on ▁& ▁Wood iw iss ▁of ▁Derby . ▁The ▁res er voir ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 . ▁The ▁dam ▁was ▁originally ▁constructed ▁from ▁a ▁mixture ▁of ▁sil ice ous ▁sand ▁and ▁cl ay , ▁but ▁as ▁water ▁was ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁le aking ▁through ▁it , ▁it ▁was ▁re built ▁and ▁now ▁extends ▁ ▁below ▁the ▁surface . ▁Water ▁from ▁the ▁res er voir ▁was ▁pip ed ▁to ▁four ▁large ▁filter ▁b eds . ▁It ▁was ▁then ▁p ump ed ▁to ▁an ▁elev ation ▁matching ▁the ▁supply ▁from ▁Thor nt on ▁Res er voir ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁supplies ▁from ▁the ▁two ▁res er voir s ▁could ▁be ▁merged . ▁ ▁The ▁res er voir ▁is ▁formed ▁by ▁the ▁River ▁Lin ▁and ▁is ▁owned ▁and ▁managed ▁by ▁Se vern ▁Tr ent . ▁The ▁growing ▁population ▁of ▁Le ic ester ▁and ▁surrounding ▁areas ▁meant ▁that ▁by ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁the ▁res er voir s ▁in ▁Le ic esters hire ▁were ▁no ▁longer ▁ade qu ate ▁to ▁meet ▁demand , |
▁and ▁water ▁is ▁now ▁pip ed ▁from ▁Lady b ower ▁Res er voir ▁to ▁C rop ston . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Dr inking ▁water ▁res er voir s ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Res er voir s ▁in ▁Le ic esters hire <0x0A> </s> ▁E up it he cia ▁dal h ous i ensis ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ge omet r idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Afghan istan ▁and ▁the ▁western ▁H imal ay as ▁( nor thern ▁Pakistan ▁and ▁northern ▁India ). ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁about ▁ 2 4 – 2 9 mm ▁for ▁males ▁and ▁ 3 0 – 3 7 mm ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁fore - ▁and ▁h ind w ings ▁are ▁pale ▁brown ▁to ▁fa wn . ▁ ▁The ▁lar va e ▁are ▁thought ▁to ▁feed ▁on ▁the ▁con es ▁of ▁P inus ▁species . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁dal h ous i ensis ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Asia <0x0A> </s> ▁J em ma ▁Mi ▁Mi ▁( born ▁ 4 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁net ball ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁Sun cor p ▁Super ▁Net ball ▁league , ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Fire bird s . ▁ ▁Mi ▁Mi ▁made ▁her ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Fire bird s ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁signing ▁with ▁the ▁Br is b ane - based ▁franch ise ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 6 |
. ▁As ▁a ▁young ▁sport sw oman , ▁Mi ▁Mi ▁played ▁high - level ▁touch ▁rugby ▁and ▁represented ▁the ▁Australian ▁under - 1 5 ▁and ▁Queensland ▁under - 2 1 ▁net ball ▁teams , ▁before ▁going ▁on ▁to ▁represent ▁Australia ▁once ▁more ▁at ▁the ▁Net ball ▁World ▁Youth ▁Cup . ▁She ▁has ▁played ▁ 1 1 ▁of ▁ 2 9 ▁matches ▁in ▁her ▁first ▁two ▁seasons ▁at ▁the ▁Fire bird s . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Queensland ▁Fire bird s ▁profile ▁ ▁Sun cor p ▁Super ▁Net ball ▁profile ▁ ▁Net ball ▁D raft ▁Central ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁net ball ▁players ▁Category : Que ens land ▁Fire bird s ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S un cor p ▁Super ▁Net ball ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Led bet ter ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁on ▁U . S . ▁Route ▁ 2 9 0 ▁in ▁far ▁northern ▁F ay ette ▁County , ▁Texas , ▁United ▁States . ▁Although ▁it ▁is ▁un in cor por ated , ▁Led bet ter ▁has ▁a ▁post ▁office , ▁with ▁the ▁Z IP ▁code ▁of ▁ 7 8 9 4 6 . ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁The ▁climate ▁in ▁this ▁area ▁is ▁character ized ▁by ▁hot , ▁hum id ▁sum mers ▁and ▁generally ▁m ild ▁to ▁cool ▁winter s . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Kö ppen ▁Cl imate ▁Classification ▁system , ▁Led bet ter ▁has ▁a ▁hum id ▁subt rop ical ▁climate |
, ▁abbre vi ated ▁" C fa " ▁on ▁climate ▁maps . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁LED B ET TER , ▁T X ▁Hand book ▁of ▁Texas ▁Online . ▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁F ay ette ▁County , ▁Texas ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Texas <0x0A> </s> ▁Just us ▁Carl ▁Hass kar l ▁( 6 ▁December ▁ 1 8 1 1 ▁– ▁ 5 ▁January ▁ 1 8 9 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁expl orer ▁and ▁botan ist ▁special izing ▁in ▁P ter id oph y tes , ▁Bry oph y tes ▁and ▁S per mat oph y tes . ▁He ▁was ▁co - found er ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁of ▁Natural ▁Cur ios ities ▁of ▁India , ▁in ▁Bav aria ▁and ▁spent ▁his ▁time ▁research ing ▁fl ora ▁of ▁Indones ia ▁for ▁years . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Just us ▁Carl ▁Hass kar l ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁K ass el ▁in ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁West phal ia . ▁In ▁his ▁earlier ▁life ▁he ▁studied ▁at ▁a ▁plant ▁nur ser y ▁in ▁Po pp els dorf ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 7 . ▁And ▁later ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁he ▁studied ▁Natural ▁History ▁while ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁prepared ▁himself ▁for ▁an ▁expedition ▁to ▁the ▁trop ics . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 6 , ▁he ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁Java ▁and ▁tried ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁living ▁through ▁his ▁knowledge ▁in ▁Physics ▁and ▁Medicine , ▁with ▁little ▁success . |
▁Sub sequently , ▁he ▁sent ▁a ▁request ▁to ▁the ▁Governor ▁general ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁' s ▁Land s ▁Plant ent u in ▁and ▁a ▁year ▁later ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁assistant ▁cur ator . ▁With ▁director ▁Johannes ▁E lias ▁Te ij sm ann , ▁they ▁re arr anged ▁their ▁cro ps ▁to ▁tax onom ic ▁families , ▁which ▁would ▁result ▁in ▁the ▁disp lacement ▁of ▁many ▁spec im ens ▁in ▁the ▁botan ical ▁garden . ▁T ogether ▁they ▁organized ▁exped itions ▁to ▁various ▁parts ▁of ▁modern ▁Indones ia ▁and ▁expand ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁plants ▁collection ▁in ▁the ▁Botan ic ▁Garden . ▁Hass kar l ▁also ▁proposed ▁starting ▁a ▁library ▁( B ibli othe ca ▁Bog ori ensis ) ▁which ▁was ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁and ▁Her b arium ▁Bog or ien se ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 2 , ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁government ▁sent ▁him ▁to ▁Lima ▁and ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 8 5 3 , ▁Just us ▁made ▁an ▁expedition ▁to ▁the ▁interior ▁of ▁Peru ▁and ▁even ▁reaching ▁the ▁eastern ▁border ▁of ▁Lake ▁Tit ic aca , ▁where ▁he ▁gathered ▁Cin ch ona ▁trees ▁for ▁Mal aria ▁treatment . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁he ▁sent ▁his ▁collections ▁of ▁se eds ▁and ▁spec im ens ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁introduced ▁Cin ch ona ▁trees ▁to ▁Java , ▁the ▁extract ▁of ▁the ▁tree ▁would ▁later ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁make ▁qu in ine . ▁However , ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁w ors ening |
▁health ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Netherlands ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 6 . ▁ ▁Later ▁he ▁participated ▁in ▁exam ining ▁and ▁describe ▁the ▁Comm elin aceae ▁of ▁Georg ▁August ▁Schwe inf ur th ' s ▁A by ss in ian ▁plant ▁collections ▁and ▁also ▁worked ▁on ▁several ▁plant ▁families , ▁such ▁as ▁Cy at he a ▁j ung hu hn iana ▁in ▁Le iden . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁he ▁became ▁correspond ent ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Netherlands ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences , ▁he ▁res igned ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 9 . ▁ ▁Some ▁publications ▁▁ 1 8 5 6 ▁. ▁Fil ice ▁jav an ica e ▁. ▁Bat avia ▁ 1 8 5 6 ▁. ▁Ret zia ▁observation ▁of ▁PL ANT IS ▁botan ica e ▁Botan ici ▁Bog ori ensis ▁h ort icult ure ▁. ▁Le iden ▁ 1 8 5 9 ▁. ▁H ort us ▁Bog ori ensis ▁desc r . ▁Ret zia e ▁seu ▁nova ▁edit io ▁( 1 . ▁Teil , ▁Amsterdam ▁ 1 8 5 8 , ▁ 2 . ▁Teil ▁in ▁Bon pl and ia ▁ 1 8 6 6 ▁. ▁Ne uer ▁R umph s ▁Her b arium ▁am bo in ense ▁Schl üss el ▁zu ▁. ▁Halle ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁. ▁H ort i ▁mal ab ar ici ▁R he ede ani ▁cla vis ▁loc u ple t iss ima ▁. ▁Dresden ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁. ▁Comm elin aceae ▁ind ica e ▁. ▁Vienna ▁ 1 |
8 4 7 ▁. ▁Plant ae ▁jav an ica e ▁r ari ores ▁. ▁Berlin ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁The ▁gender ▁Hass kar lia ▁Ba ill . ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Eu ph orb ia ceae ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁his ▁honor . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁botan ists ▁by ▁author ▁abbre viation ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Dutch ▁expl or ers ▁Category : 1 8 1 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 9 4 ▁death s ▁Category : D utch ▁botan ists ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Netherlands ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁K ass el ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁West phal ia <0x0A> </s> ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁( b irth ▁name ▁Ger hard ▁Er ich ▁Ludwig , ▁born ▁March ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁in ▁Al sf eld , ▁H esse , ▁Germany ) ▁is ▁a ▁German - American ▁document ary ▁photograph er ▁and ▁photo j ournal ist . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁initially ▁studied ▁German ▁literature , ▁political ▁science , ▁and ▁physical ▁education ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mar burg , ▁before ▁leaving ▁prem ature ly ▁to ▁travel ▁in ▁Sc and in avia ▁and ▁North ▁America , ▁supporting ▁himself ▁with ▁jobs ▁as ▁a ▁brick layer , ▁sail or , ▁and ▁d ish w ash er . ▁ ▁Upon ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁Germany , ▁he ▁studied ▁phot ography ▁with ▁Professor ▁Otto ▁Stein ert ▁ ▁at ▁the |
▁Fol kw ang ▁Hoch schule ▁( F ol kw ang ▁Academy , ▁now ▁Fol kw ang ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Arts ) ▁in ▁Ess en , ▁gradu ating ▁with ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁Ph oto ▁Design ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ess en ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁He ▁co - f ounded ▁Vis um , ▁Germany ' s ▁first ▁photograph er - owned ▁photo ▁ag ency ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Hamburg ▁and ▁began ▁working ▁for ▁major ▁international ▁publications ▁and ▁advert ising ▁ag encies . ▁▁ ▁He ▁re - located ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he ▁signed ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁contract ▁photograph er ▁for ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine , ▁foc using ▁on ▁environmental ▁issues ▁and ▁the ▁changes ▁following ▁the ▁dissol ution ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁His ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁resulted ▁in ▁his ▁exhibition ▁and ▁book , ▁Bro ken ▁Empire : ▁After ▁the ▁Fall ▁of ▁the ▁USS R , ▁a ▁ten - year ▁ret ros pective ▁published ▁by ▁National ▁Geographic ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁His ▁on going ▁coverage ▁of ▁post - S ov iet ▁Russia ▁has ▁gar ner ed ▁his ▁distinction ▁as ▁being ▁the ▁western ▁world ' s ▁for em ost ▁color ▁photograph er ▁document ing ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁is ▁a ▁veter an ▁of ▁the ▁ren owned ▁A ▁Day ▁in ▁the ▁Life ▁book ▁series ▁created ▁by ▁David ▁Elli ot ▁C ohen |
▁and ▁Rick ▁Sm olan . ▁His ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁in ▁museum s ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Natural ▁History ▁Museum ▁in ▁Vienna , ▁Austria ; ▁at ▁festiv als ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Vis a ▁pour ▁L ' Image ▁ ▁Per p ign an ; ▁and ▁gall eries . ▁▁ ▁Major ▁awards ▁include ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Luc ie ▁Award ▁for ▁International ▁Phot ograph er ▁of ▁the ▁Year , ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Dr . ▁Er ich ▁Sal omon ▁Award ▁( Dr . ▁Er ich ▁Sal omon ▁Preis ), ▁dedicated ▁to ▁Er ich ▁Sal omon , ▁a ▁lifetime ▁achiev ement ▁award ▁for ▁photo j ournal ists ▁given ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁Society ▁for ▁Phot ography ▁( D G Ph ), ▁and ▁the ▁Missouri ▁Honor ▁Medal ▁for ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Service ▁in ▁Journal ism ▁from ▁the ▁Missouri ▁School ▁of ▁Journal ism ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁▁ ▁Based ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California , ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁continues ▁to ▁photograph ▁primarily ▁for ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine ▁while ▁working ▁on ▁personal ▁projects ▁such ▁as ▁S leep ing ▁C ars ▁and ▁bringing ▁back ▁into ▁light ▁work ▁from ▁his ▁archive , ▁such ▁as ▁early ▁color ▁portrait ure ▁of ▁Joseph ▁Be u ys ▁and ▁Fried ens reich ▁H undert w asser . ▁ ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁Cover age ▁and ▁Crow df und ing ▁▁ ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁first ▁photograph ed ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁dis aster ▁for ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁and ▁again ▁in ▁ |
2 0 0 5 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁he ▁created ▁a ▁kick st arter ▁campaign ▁that ▁supported ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁Ex clusion ▁Zone ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁on going ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁worst ▁nuclear ▁dis aster ▁to ▁date ▁, ▁becoming ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁intern ation ally ▁recognized ▁document ary ▁photograph ers ▁to ▁util ize ▁crow df und ing ▁for ▁a ▁personal ▁project . ▁While ▁the ▁campaign ▁was ▁still ▁in ▁progress , ▁the ▁F uk ush ima ▁D ai ichi ▁nuclear ▁dis aster ▁brought ▁renew ed ▁attention ▁to ▁Ch ern ob yl , ▁nuclear ▁energy ▁issues , ▁and ▁his ▁project , ▁eventually ▁pushing ▁the ▁fund ing ▁to ▁nearly ▁ 2 0 0 % ▁of ▁its ▁initial ▁goal . ▁ ▁The ▁images ▁resulting ▁from ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ' s ▁return ▁trip ▁to ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁have ▁been ▁published ▁and ▁exhib ited ▁glob ally ▁including ▁at ▁the ▁European ▁Bank ▁for ▁Re const ruction ▁and ▁Development ▁( E BR D ) ▁Head quarters ▁in ▁London ; ▁presented ▁at ▁the ▁LO OK 3 ▁Char l ott es ville ▁Festival ▁of ▁the ▁Phot ograph ▁in ▁Virginia ▁(); ▁and ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁his ▁i Pad ▁app ▁( now ▁dis cont in ued ), ▁The ▁Long ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁. ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁app ▁was ▁awarded ▁ 1 st ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Press ▁Phot ograph ers ▁Association ' s ▁annual ▁Best ▁of |
▁Ph oto j ournal ism ▁contest ▁in ▁the ▁Table t ▁division . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Zone ▁to ▁report ▁on ▁the ▁clean up ▁efforts ▁and ▁the ▁progress ▁of ▁the ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁New ▁Sa fe ▁Con fin ement . ▁Having ▁covered ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁N uc lear ▁Dis aster ▁for ▁two ▁dec ades , ▁he ▁te amed ▁up ▁with ▁Aust rian ▁publish er ▁Edition ▁Lam mer h uber ▁to ▁publish ▁The ▁Long ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁( ess ay ▁by ▁Mik h ail ▁G orb ache v , ▁quotes ▁by ▁S vet l ana ▁Alex iev ich ). ▁The ▁book ▁received ▁international ▁acc laim ▁and ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Phot ob ook ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award ▁by ▁PO Y i ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁S leep ing ▁C ars ▁▁ ▁S leep ing ▁C ars ▁is ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ' s ▁on going ▁personal ▁project ▁document ing ▁where ▁cars ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁res ide ▁at ▁night — ▁t uck ed ▁into ▁drive ways , ▁proud ly ▁displayed ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁homes , ▁g low ing ▁under ▁street ▁l amps , ▁covered ▁with ▁tar ps ▁or ▁simply ▁left ▁bare . ▁The ▁vehicles ▁rest ▁against ▁background s ▁of ▁varying ▁ambient ▁light ▁on ▁the ▁w inding ▁streets ▁of ▁the ▁Hollywood ▁Hills ▁to ▁the ▁flat ▁gr idd ed ▁sub ur bs ▁of ▁the ▁Valley . ▁N est led ▁in ▁the ▁low - lying |
▁fog ▁of ▁these ▁distinct ly ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁neighborhood s , ▁the ▁vehicles ▁begin ▁to ▁take ▁on ▁personal ities ▁of ▁their ▁own . ▁The ▁project ▁was ▁published ▁as ▁a ▁mon ograph ▁by ▁Edition ▁Lam mer h uber ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁with ▁new ▁images ▁posted ▁to ▁the ▁S leep ing ▁C ars ▁Inst agram . ▁ ▁Qu ote ▁ ▁" A ▁great ▁photograph ▁touch es ▁the ▁soul ▁and ▁broad ens ▁the ▁mind ." ▁" T ech ni que ▁and ▁composition ▁in ▁phot ography ▁are ▁equivalent ▁to ▁grammar ▁and ▁syntax ▁in ▁pro se ." ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁A O ▁TE A ▁RO A : ▁Island ▁of ▁Lost ▁Des ire . ▁H undert w asser ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ▁( Al bre cht ▁K na us ▁Verlag , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁B RO K EN ▁EM PI RE : ▁After ▁the ▁Fall ▁of ▁the ▁USS R ▁( National ▁Geographic ▁Society , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁R U SSL AND ▁— ▁Eine ▁Welt macht ▁im ▁W and el ▁( National ▁Geographic ▁Society , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Long ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁( Ed ition ▁Lam mer h uber , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁minus ▁ 2 / 3 ▁( R ock y ▁No ok , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁▁ ▁S leep ing ▁C ars ▁( Ed ition ▁Lam mer h uber , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁▁ ▁Il ▁Flash ▁In vis |
ibile ▁( Ap oge o , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Anth ologies ▁▁ ▁What ▁Me ets ▁the ▁E ye ▁— ▁Im ages ▁of ▁R ural ▁P over ty ▁( Intern ational ▁Fund ▁for ▁Agricult ural ▁Development , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁In ▁F ocus : ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Great est ▁Port ra its ▁( National ▁Geographic ▁Society , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁W ide ▁Ang le : ▁National ▁Geographic ' s ▁Great est ▁Places ▁( National ▁Geographic ▁Society , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Wit ness : ▁The ▁World ' s ▁Great est ▁News ▁Phot ograph ers ▁( Car l ton ▁Books , ▁Ltd , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁What ▁Mat ters ▁( S ter ling , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Vis ions ▁of ▁Parad ise ▁( National ▁Geographic ▁Society , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁National ▁Geographic ▁ 5 0 ▁Great est ▁Pictures ▁( National ▁Geographic ▁Society , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁▁ ▁Festival ▁La ▁G ac illy - B aden , ▁I ▁Love ▁Africa , ▁Ev ely n ▁Sch lag ▁and ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁Art ists ▁in ▁Res idence ▁( Ed ition ▁Lam mer h uber , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁National ▁Geographic ▁St ories ▁▁▁ ▁" The ▁Put in ▁Generation " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁" M useum s - Mag ie " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁December ▁ 2 0 |
1 5 ▁ ▁" On ▁a ▁Roll " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁" Two ▁C ities " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁" Die ▁Stadt , ▁die ▁immer ▁wird " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁" The ▁N uc lear ▁Tour ist " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁" Search ing ▁for ▁King ▁Arthur " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁" Tom orrow land " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine : ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁" Cr ime a : ▁A ▁Jew el ▁in ▁Two ▁Crow ns " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine : ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁" S oul ▁of ▁Russia " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine : ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁" J ak ob ▁der ▁Re iche " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁" M osc ow ▁Never ▁S le eps " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine : ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁" Send ▁Me ▁to ▁Si ber ia " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Magazine : ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁" V it us ▁Ber ing " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Sc and in avia : ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁" V it us ▁Ber ing " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁" Mark tl " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁May ▁ 2 |
0 0 6 ▁ ▁" The ▁Long ▁Sh adow ▁Of ▁Ch ern ob yl " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁" N ap ole on ▁In ▁Germany " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁" The ▁Sal ton ▁Sea " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁" N ib el ungen " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁" Russ ia ▁R ising " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁ ▁" Russ lands ▁See le " ▁National ▁Geographic ▁Germany : ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁ ▁" The ▁Brothers ▁Gr imm ▁– ▁Guard ians ▁of ▁the ▁Fair y ▁T ale " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁" A ▁Com eb ack ▁for ▁the ▁C oss acks " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁" Russ ia ' s ▁Iron ▁Road ▁( Trans - S iber ian ▁Rail road )" ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁" M osc ow . ▁The ▁New ▁Revolution " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁" Re in vent ing ▁Berlin " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁" T or onto " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁" S ov iet ▁Pol l ution ," ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁" L eth |
al ▁Leg acy : ▁Pol l ution ▁in ▁the ▁Form er ▁U . S . S . R ." ▁" Ch ern ob yl : ▁Living ▁With ▁the ▁Mon ster " ▁" A ▁Bro ken ▁Empire " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁" Russ ia : ▁Play ing ▁by ▁New ▁R ules " ▁" K az akh stan : ▁F acing ▁the ▁Night m are " ▁" U k raine : ▁Running ▁on ▁Em pty " ▁ ▁" Main - Dan ube ▁Canal ▁Link s ▁Europe ' s ▁Water ways ," ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁" The ▁Mor ning ▁After : ▁Germany ▁Re un ited " ▁National ▁Geographic : ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁website ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁Inst agram ▁Russian ▁Dest iny , ▁presentation ▁on ▁YouTube ▁The ▁Long ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ch ern ob yl ▁K ick st arter ▁The ▁Long ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ch ern ob yl : ▁A ▁Ph oto ▁Book ▁K ick st arter ▁The ▁Long ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ch ern ob yl , ▁a ▁long - term ▁project ▁by ▁G erd ▁Ludwig ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Al sf eld ▁Category : American ▁photo j ournal ists ▁Category : G erman ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Document ary ▁photograph ers <0x0A> </s> ▁ 1 8 1 5 |
▁in ▁sports ▁describes ▁the ▁year ' s ▁events ▁in ▁world ▁sport . ▁ ▁Box ing ▁Events ▁ ▁Tom ▁C rib b ▁retain s ▁his ▁English ▁championship ▁but ▁no ▁f ights ▁involving ▁him ▁are ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 5 . ▁ ▁Cr icket ▁Events ▁ ▁After ▁being ▁sever ely ▁impact ed ▁by ▁loss ▁of ▁both ▁re venue ▁and ▁man power ▁during ▁the ▁Napole onic ▁Wars , ▁a ▁reasonable ▁number ▁of ▁matches ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁as ▁a ▁disc ern ible ▁recovery ▁can ▁begin ▁in ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁Napoleon ▁Bon ap arte ' s ▁defeat . ▁ ▁The ▁earliest ▁known ▁first - class ▁centuries ▁at ▁the ▁new ▁Lord ' s ▁Cr icket ▁Gr ound ▁are ▁scored ▁in ▁the ▁M idd les ex ▁v ▁E ps om ▁match ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁& ▁ 2 5 ▁August ▁by ▁Felix ▁Lad bro ke ▁and ▁Frederick ▁Wood bridge ▁who ▁score ▁ 1 1 6 ▁and ▁ 1 0 7 ▁respectively ▁for ▁E ps om . ▁England ▁ ▁Most ▁runs ▁– ▁William ▁Lam bert ▁ 1 7 2 ▁( HS ▁ 5 0 ) ▁ ▁Most ▁w ick ets ▁– ▁Henry ▁Bent ley ▁ 1 5 ▁( BB ▁ 4 – ?) ▁ ▁Hor se ▁racing ▁England ▁▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁Gu ine as ▁St akes ▁– ▁fil ly ▁by ▁Sel im ▁▁▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁Gu ine as ▁St akes ▁– ▁Tig ris ▁▁ ▁The ▁Derby ▁– ▁Wh isk er ▁ ▁The ▁O aks ▁– ▁Min uet |
▁ ▁St . ▁Leg er ▁St akes ▁– ▁Fil ho ▁da ▁P uta ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 1 8 1 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁" A men ▁& ▁Att ack " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁power ▁metal ▁group ▁Power w olf ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁single ▁released ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁Pre ach ers ▁of ▁the ▁Night . ▁ ▁The ▁music ▁video ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁YouTube . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁the ▁song ▁got ▁covered ▁by ▁M ille ▁Pet ro zza ▁and ▁Marc ▁G ör tz . ▁It ▁was ▁available ▁on ▁the ▁Del ux e ▁Edition ▁of ▁Power w olf ' s ▁album ▁The ▁Sac r ament ▁of ▁Sin . ▁ ▁Track ▁list ings ▁and ▁formats ▁ ▁Digital ▁download ▁▁ ▁" A men ▁& ▁Att ack " ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 4 ▁ ▁" L iving ▁On ▁a ▁Night m are " ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 2 ▁▁ 7 " ▁single ▁▁ ▁A . ▁" A men ▁& ▁Att ack " ▁ ▁B . ▁" L iving ▁On ▁a ▁Night m are " ▁ ▁Person nel ▁▁ ▁Att ila ▁D orn ▁– ▁vocals ▁ ▁Matthew ▁Gre yw olf ▁– ▁lead ▁and ▁rh ythm ▁guitar ▁ ▁Charles ▁Gre yw olf ▁– ▁lead ▁and ▁rh ythm ▁guitar , ▁bass ▁guitar ▁ ▁Ro el ▁van ▁Hel den ▁– ▁drums , ▁per cussion ▁ ▁F alk ▁Maria ▁Sch leg el ▁– ▁organ , ▁key boards ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category |
: Power w olf ▁songs ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁singles ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁songs ▁Category : N ap alm ▁Records ▁singles <0x0A> </s> ▁Philip ▁Wil fred ▁Robert son ▁was ▁a ▁New ▁Zealand ▁chem ist , ▁university ▁professor , ▁and ▁writer . ▁ ▁Philip ▁Robert son , ▁son ▁of ▁Donald ▁Robert son ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁September ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁and ▁educated ▁at ▁Well ington ▁College , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁du x ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁He ▁then ▁graduated ▁with ▁an ▁MA ▁in ▁chem istry ▁from ▁Victoria ▁University ▁of ▁Well ington ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 , ▁followed ▁by ▁an ▁M Sc ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁Sir ▁George ▁Grey ▁Sch olar ship , ▁a ▁Senior ▁Sch olar ship ▁and ▁the ▁Jacob ▁Joseph ▁Sch olar ship . ▁He ▁gained ▁first - class ▁hon ours ▁in ▁natural ▁sciences ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁as ▁a ▁Rh odes ▁Sch olar , ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁Ph D ▁at ▁Leipzig ▁University . ▁ ▁Robert son ▁married ▁Florence ▁Elizabeth ▁Graham ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁He ▁took ▁up ▁the ▁chair ▁of ▁chem istry ▁at ▁Victoria ▁University ▁College ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁where ▁he ▁head ed ▁the ▁department ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁Robert son ▁had ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁literature ▁and ▁wrote ▁several ▁short ▁stories . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁ret irement ▁Robert son ▁was ▁appointed ▁professor ▁emer it us . ▁He ▁was ▁awarded |
▁the ▁H ector ▁Memorial ▁Medal ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁a ▁fellow ship ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁Robert son ▁died ▁in ▁London ▁on ▁ 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Davis , ▁Brian ▁R . ▁' Ro bert son , ▁Philip ▁Wil fred ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁- ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁ ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Biography , ▁updated ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Well ington ▁College ▁( New ▁Zealand ) ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁chem ists ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁Rh odes ▁Sch ol ars ▁Category : V ict oria ▁University ▁of ▁Well ington ▁al umn i ▁Category : V ict oria ▁University ▁of ▁Well ington ▁fac ulty ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : Le ip zig ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁New ▁Zealand ▁scient ists <0x0A> </s> ▁H w ang ▁Ky ung - se on ▁( , ▁born ▁May ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ), ▁also ▁sp elled ▁H w ang ▁Ky ung - sun , ▁is ▁a ▁female ▁South ▁Korean ▁Ta ek w ondo ▁pract ition er . ▁She ▁is ▁a |
▁two - time ▁Olympic ▁Champion ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Olympics ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁- 6 7 kg ▁category ▁at ▁the ▁Be ij ing ▁Olympic ▁Games , ▁be ating ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁world ▁light weight ▁(- 6 3 kg ) ▁champion ▁Kar ine ▁Ser ger ie ▁of ▁Canada ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁- 6 7 kg ▁category ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁Olympic ▁Games , ▁be ating ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁European ▁Champion ▁(- 6 7 kg ) ▁Nur ▁T atar ▁of ▁Turkey ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁She ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Korean ▁female ▁ath lete ▁( and ▁the ▁second ▁Korean ) ▁to ▁defend ▁an ▁individual ▁title ▁in ▁the ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁and ▁to ▁win ▁an ▁Olympic ▁individual ▁medal ▁in ▁a ▁particular ▁event ▁in ▁three ▁consecutive ▁Olympic ▁Games , ▁Jin ▁J ong - oh ▁in ▁shooting ▁having ▁achieved ▁the ▁same ▁fe ats ▁for ▁men ' s ▁ 5 0 ▁m ▁p istol ▁earlier ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁At ▁ 2 6 , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁young est ▁Korean ▁to ▁achieve ▁these ▁records . ▁She ▁also ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁woman ▁ever ▁to ▁win ▁three ▁Olympic ▁ta ek w ondo ▁med als . ▁She ▁has ▁won ▁ 2 ▁gold ▁med als ▁and ▁ 1 ▁bronze ▁medal . ▁pp ▁ ▁References ▁▁ |
▁H w ang ▁Ky ung - se on ▁profile ▁on ▁Database O lymp ics . com ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁ta ek w ondo ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁South ▁Korea ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁South ▁Korea ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁ta ek w ondo ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁ta ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁of ▁South ▁Korea ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Nam y ang ju ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁female ▁ta ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁Category : T a ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : T a ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : T a ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : T a ek w ondo ▁pract ition ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁South ▁Korea ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ |
2 0 0 6 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : Univers ia de ▁medal ists ▁in ▁ta ek w ondo ▁Category : P ye ong ha e ▁H w ang ▁cl an ▁Category : Univers ia de ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁South ▁Korea <0x0A> </s> ▁Beng t ▁M ika el ▁M og ren , ▁( born ▁ 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swedish ▁bishop , ▁the olog ian ▁and ▁author . ▁ ▁Biography ▁M orgen ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁a ▁pe asant ▁family ▁in ▁Ham mar , ▁Ask ers und ▁in ▁Ö re bro . ▁For ▁some ▁time ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁prison ▁officer . ▁He ▁has ▁under g one ▁training ▁in ▁anti qu arian ▁buildings ▁in ▁Goth enburg ▁and ▁studied ▁the ology ▁in ▁U pp s ala , ▁T üb ingen ▁and ▁at ▁Harvard ▁University . ▁In ▁his ▁master ' s ▁th esis , ▁he ▁wrote ▁about ▁the ▁youth ▁movement ▁in ▁the ▁Co ptic ▁Church . ▁M og ren ▁was ▁ord ained ▁a ▁priest ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁for ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Str äng n äs ▁by ▁Bishop ▁Jon as ▁J ons on . ▁M og ren ▁worked , ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁at ▁Holy ▁Tr inity ▁Par ish ▁in ▁U pp s ala . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁dioc es an ▁cur ate ▁in ▁V ä ster å s . ▁ ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁church ▁science ▁with ▁the ▁dis |
sert ation ▁Den ▁rom ant iska ▁kyr kan ▁( The ▁rom antic ▁church ), ▁dealing ▁with ▁his ▁views ▁on ▁church ▁and ▁state ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 8 0 0 s . ▁He ▁addresses ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁the ▁anti - S emit ic ▁ideas ▁present ▁among ▁several ▁rom antic ▁think ers . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁Te acher ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁by ▁the ▁students ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁The ology ▁in ▁U pp s ala . ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁bishop ▁of ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁V ä ster å s . ▁He ▁was ▁ord ained ▁a ▁bishop ▁in ▁U pp s ala ▁C athedral ▁on ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S wed ish ▁Luther an ▁b ish ops ▁Category : L GB T ▁Luther an ▁b ish ops ▁Category : Har vard ▁Div inity ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Luther an ▁b ish ops <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁Personal ▁Car ▁Communic ator ▁( P CC ) ▁is ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁protection ▁in ▁a ▁key ▁f ob ▁developed ▁by ▁Vol vo . ▁ ▁The ▁Personal ▁Car ▁Communic ator ▁was ▁first ▁introduced ▁by ▁the ▁company ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁S 8 0 ▁sedan ▁for ▁model ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁personal ▁car ▁communic ator ▁uses ▁a ▁two |
- way ▁radio ▁communic ator , ▁allowing ▁the ▁vehicle ▁owner ▁to ▁check ▁such ▁security ▁items ▁as ▁the ▁lock ing ▁status ▁of ▁the ▁vehicle . ▁Most ▁notable ▁is ▁the ▁ability ▁of ▁a ▁heart ▁beat ▁monitor ▁that ▁checks ▁if ▁someone ▁is ▁left ▁inside ▁the ▁car . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Autom ot ive ▁access ories ▁Category : Autom ot ive ▁techn ologies ▁Category : Lock s ▁( security ▁device ) ▁Category : V eh icle ▁security ▁systems ▁Category : Vol vo ▁C ars <0x0A> </s> ▁Am bl ève ▁may ▁refer ▁to ▁▁ ▁Am bl ève ▁( river ) ▁in ▁Belg ium ▁ ▁Am el , ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁Belg ium , ▁called ▁Am bl ève ▁in ▁French <0x0A> </s> ▁L iz ▁Cant or ▁( born ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁television ▁person ality . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁reality ▁television ▁game ▁show ▁The ▁M ole ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Education ▁Cant or ▁attended ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁St ▁Peters ▁Luther an ▁College ▁at ▁Ind o oro op illy , ▁west ▁of ▁Br is b ane ▁city . ▁While ▁there ▁she ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁a ▁pre fect ▁and ▁sports ▁captain . ▁She ▁graduated ▁from ▁Griff ith ▁University ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁with ▁a ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Communic ations , ▁major ing ▁in ▁journal ism ▁and ▁meteor ology . ▁While ▁at ▁university ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁string ▁quart et ▁and ▁or chestra ▁and ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁basketball , |
▁soft ball , ▁hockey ▁and ▁deb ating ▁teams . ▁She ▁has ▁said ▁she ▁had ▁considered ▁studying ▁marine ▁bi ology ▁but ▁the ▁performance ▁side ▁of ▁her ▁person ality ▁pulled ▁her ▁towards ▁a ▁career ▁in ▁the ▁media ▁industry . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Sur f ing ▁Cant or ▁was ▁a ▁professional ▁sur fer ▁who ▁competed ▁on ▁the ▁Australian ▁junior ▁circuit ▁for ▁five ▁years . ▁Sp ons ored ▁by ▁Bill ab ong , ▁her ▁sur f ing ▁career ▁took ▁her ▁to ▁F iji , ▁T ah iti , ▁the ▁M ald ives , ▁Hawai i ▁and ▁Europe ▁to ▁comp ete . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁sur f ▁jud ges ▁to ▁travel ▁intern ation ally ▁on ▁the ▁ASP ▁and ▁World ▁Circ uit ▁Tour . ▁ ▁Television ▁She ▁made ▁her ▁on - screen ▁debut ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Australian ▁feature ▁film ▁Bl ur red , ▁which ▁followed ▁five ▁groups ▁of ▁te en agers ▁as ▁they ▁hit ▁the ▁road ▁for ▁School ies ▁Week . ▁A ▁year ▁later ▁she ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁film ▁G ett in ▁Square ▁before ▁landing ▁a ▁role ▁on ▁Australian ▁television ▁drama ▁series ▁Blue ▁Water ▁High ▁as ▁Cor in ▁Hard y ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁That ▁year ▁she ▁won ▁a ▁spot ▁on ▁the ▁Channel ▁ 7 ▁reality ▁television ▁show ▁The ▁M ole , ▁a ▁show ▁which ▁kick start ed ▁her ▁career ▁with ▁broad c aster ▁Channel ▁ 7 . ▁In ▁The ▁M ole ▁she ▁ ▁worked ▁with ▁other ▁contest ants ▁to ▁perform ▁challeng |
es , ▁each ▁of ▁which ▁add ▁money ▁to ▁the ▁winner ' s ▁pot . ▁But ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁members ▁is ▁" The ▁M ole ", ▁a ▁sab ote ur ▁who ▁is ▁cover t ly ▁trying ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁group ▁fail . ▁She ▁competed ▁against ▁ 1 2 ▁other ▁contest ants ▁and ▁won , ▁leaving ▁the ▁show ▁with ▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁prize ▁money . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁show ▁Channel ▁ 7 ▁h ired ▁Cant or ▁as ▁a ▁present er ▁on ▁Queensland ' s ▁water ▁based ▁out door ▁advent ure ▁l ifest yle ▁program ▁Creek ▁to ▁Coast ▁and ▁on ▁The ▁Great ▁South ▁East , ▁a ▁travel ▁program ▁foc using ▁on ▁tour ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁South ▁East ▁Queensland . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Cant or ▁made ▁her ▁debut ▁as ▁a ▁weather ▁present er ▁for ▁Channel ▁ 7 ▁News ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁present er ▁for ▁Queensland ' s ▁live ▁Gold ▁L otto ▁draw . ▁Cant or ▁is ▁still ▁involved ▁in ▁each ▁of ▁these ▁roles . ▁L iz ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁host ▁on ▁travel ▁and ▁l ifest yle ▁show ▁Queensland ▁Week ender ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁will ▁appear ▁in ▁new ▁ult ra ▁HD ▁network ▁IN SI G HT ' s ▁first ▁ever ▁advent ure ▁reality ▁show ▁shot ▁in ▁ 4 k ▁Living ▁Stone ▁- ▁B ots w ana . ▁ ▁Radio ▁Cant or ▁has ▁filled ▁in ▁on ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁summer ▁radio ▁shows ▁for ▁Nova ▁Br is b ane |
, ▁Hot ▁Tom ato ▁and ▁Sea ▁FM ▁on ▁the ▁Sun sh ine ▁Coast ▁and ▁Gold ▁Coast . ▁She ▁te amed ▁up ▁with ▁well - known ▁radio ▁person ality ▁Michael ▁" P ick le " ▁Walk ley ▁to ▁host ▁Sea ▁FM ▁Summer ▁Break fast ▁on ▁the ▁Gold ▁Coast ▁over ▁the ▁Christmas ▁break ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 / 1 4 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Cant or ▁married ▁Ryan ▁L ys aught ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁at ▁Ay ana ▁Res ort , ▁B ali . ▁They ▁live ▁on ▁the ▁Gold ▁Coast . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁L iz ▁Cant or , ▁Seven ▁News ▁profile ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : Se ven ▁News ▁present ers ▁Category : Gr iff ith ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Part icip ants ▁in ▁Australian ▁reality ▁television ▁series <0x0A> </s> ▁Cha et oc eros ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁is ▁a ▁marine ▁di atom ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Cha et oc eros . ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁primary ▁producer ▁in ▁the ▁o ce ans . ▁C . ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁forms ▁rest ing ▁sp ores ▁and ▁rest ing ▁cells , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁essential ▁nut ri ents . ▁ ▁Hab itat ▁C . ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁is ▁a ▁tropical ▁or ▁subt rop ical ▁species . ▁The ▁most ▁recent ▁discover ies ▁have ▁been ▁in ▁warm ▁waters ▁off ▁Japan ’ s ▁coast , ▁including |
▁up well ing ▁regions ▁around ▁the ▁I zu ▁Islands . ▁ ▁Description ▁Like ▁most ▁marine ▁di at oms , ▁C . ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁is ▁character ized ▁by ▁its ▁fr ust ule , ▁or ▁cell ▁wall , ▁which ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁sil icon ▁dio x ide ▁and ▁other ▁organ ic ▁matter . ▁The ▁fr ust ule ▁forms ▁as ▁different ▁s ized ▁val ves , ▁which ▁overlap ▁and ▁are ▁called ▁the ca e . ▁ ▁Re production ▁C . ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁can ▁reproduce ▁both ▁a sex ually ▁and ▁sex ually . ▁When ▁it ▁div ides ▁a sex ually , ▁the ▁the ae ▁vert ically ▁separate , ▁and ▁this ▁leads ▁to ▁a ▁progress ive ▁reduction ▁in ▁cell ▁size ▁as ▁one ▁daughter ▁cell ▁will ▁always ▁be ▁smaller ▁than ▁its ▁parent ▁cell . ▁If ▁the ▁cells ▁fail ▁to ▁reproduce ▁sex ually , ▁the ▁size ▁reduction ▁will ▁cause ▁the ▁disapp earance ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁cl ones . ▁ ▁Rest ing ▁sp ores ▁and ▁rest ing ▁cells ▁N ut ri ents ▁such ▁as ▁nit rate ▁are ▁necessary ▁for ▁ph y top l ank ton ▁to ▁th rive . ▁Since ▁the ▁ocean ’ s ▁avail ability ▁of ▁nut ri ents ▁var ies , ▁di at oms ▁must ▁have ▁ways ▁to ▁adapt ▁under ▁different ▁nut ri ent ▁levels ▁to ▁maintain ▁health y ▁populations . ▁When ▁these ▁nut ri ents ▁are ▁scar ce , ▁C . ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁can ▁form ▁alternative ▁d orm ant ▁life ▁cycles ▁to ▁wait ▁out ▁the |
▁unf avor able ▁conditions . ▁ ▁These ▁forms ▁are ▁rest ing ▁sp ores ▁and ▁rest ing ▁cells . ▁The ▁cells ▁not ▁in ▁a ▁d orm ant ▁state ▁are ▁veget ative ▁cells . ▁Rest ing ▁sp ores ▁use ▁excess ive ▁amounts ▁of ▁sil ica ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁heavily ▁sil ic ified ▁cell ▁wall . ▁They ▁then ▁sink ▁to ▁the ▁sed iment ▁until ▁conditions ▁are ▁favor able ▁and ▁cause ▁them ▁to ▁germ inate ▁into ▁a ▁di atom ▁blo om . ▁If ▁excess ▁sil ican ▁acid ▁is ▁not ▁available , ▁C . ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁will ▁form ▁rest ing ▁cells . ▁ ▁Sil ic ic ▁acid ▁is ▁limit ing ▁to ▁di at oms . ▁In ▁a ▁single ▁population ▁of ▁C . ▁pseud oc ur vis et us ▁both ▁rest ing ▁sp ores ▁and ▁rest ing ▁cells ▁may ▁be ▁formed , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁sil ica . ▁Rest ing ▁cells ▁res emble ▁veget ative ▁cells , ▁except ▁they ▁have ▁weak ly ▁p ig ment ed , ▁sh run ken ▁and ▁fragment ed ▁ch lor op last s . ▁Rest ing ▁cells ▁and ▁rest ing ▁sp ores ▁both ▁have ▁a ▁lower ▁resp ir atory ▁rate ▁and ▁photos yn th etic ▁activity ▁than ▁veget ative ▁cells . ▁Their ▁met abol isms ▁slow ▁down ▁since ▁they ▁are ▁d orm ant . ▁Both ▁forms ▁accum ulate ▁excess ▁neutral ▁lip ids ▁to ▁use ▁as ▁stored ▁material ▁to ▁maintain ▁basic ▁met abol ic ▁activity ▁and ▁to ▁use ▁for ▁growth ▁once ▁they ▁begin ▁to ▁germ inate . ▁Additionally |
, ▁rest ing ▁sp ores ▁also ▁accum ulate ▁gl uc ose ▁to ▁store ▁and ▁use ▁as ▁energy ▁while ▁d orm ant . ▁Both ▁d orm ant ▁forms ▁have ▁smaller ▁amounts ▁of ▁ch lor oph yll ▁a ▁than ▁veget ative ▁cells , ▁since ▁neither ▁are ▁act ively ▁photos yn thes izing . ▁The ▁reduction ▁in ▁ch lor oph yll ▁a ▁is ▁also ▁necessary ▁because ▁d orm ant ▁cells ▁in ▁the ▁eu ph otic ▁zone ▁may ▁accum ulate ▁excess ▁photos yn th etic ▁energy , ▁causing ▁le th al ▁phot och em ical ▁dam ages . ▁Once ▁high ▁enough ▁levels ▁of ▁nit ro gen ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁essential ▁nut ri ents ▁are ▁available , ▁the ▁d orm ant ▁forms ▁can ▁germ inate ▁into ▁a ▁blo om ▁of ▁veget ative ▁cells . ▁Other ▁environmental ▁factors ▁such ▁as ▁light ▁intensity ▁and ▁temperature ▁must ▁also ▁be ▁at ▁the ▁right ▁levels ▁for ▁germ ination ▁to ▁occur . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Category : C osc in od isc oph y ceae <0x0A> </s> ▁G ull ball en ▁( English : ▁the ▁Golden ▁Ball ) ▁is ▁a ▁Norwegian ▁football ▁award ▁given ▁by ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁Football ▁Federation ▁to ▁the ▁best ▁male ▁and ▁female ▁Norwegian ▁football ers ▁each ▁year . ▁The ▁award ▁replaced ▁K nik sen ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁award ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁best ▁Norwegian ▁footballer ▁in ▁a ▁calendar ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁award ▁was ▁given ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁to ▁Stefan ▁Joh ansen , ▁Until ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the |
▁award ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁only ▁one ▁player , ▁either ▁male ▁or ▁female . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Ada ▁H eg er berg ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁award . ▁ ▁Ada ▁H eg er berg ▁has ▁won ▁the ▁award ▁three ▁times ▁( in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁it ▁more ▁than ▁twice . ▁G ull ball en ▁has ▁been ▁given ▁out ▁at ▁Norwegian ▁sport ▁award ▁Id rett sg alla en ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁W inners ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 7 ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 – present ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁G ull ball en ▁has ▁been ▁awarded ▁to ▁both ▁a ▁male ▁and ▁a ▁female ▁footballer . ▁ ▁By ▁club ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁clubs ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁clubs ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Norway ▁Category : Europe an ▁football ▁tro ph ies ▁and ▁awards ▁Category : A wards ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Category : Foot ball ▁in ▁Norway ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁sports ▁tro ph ies ▁and ▁awards <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁North western ▁Wild c ats ▁team ▁represented ▁North western ▁University ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁football ▁season . ▁In ▁their ▁sixth ▁year ▁under ▁head ▁coach ▁Bob ▁Vo ig |
ts , ▁the ▁Wild c ats ▁compiled ▁a ▁ 2 - 6 - 1 ▁record ▁( 2 – 5 ▁against ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁oppon ents ), ▁finished ▁in ▁sevent h ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁Ten , ▁and ▁were ▁out sc ored ▁by ▁their ▁oppon ents ▁by ▁a ▁combined ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 5 2 ▁to ▁ 1 6 6 . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁North western ▁Wild c ats ▁Category : N orth western ▁Wild c ats ▁football ▁seasons ▁North western ▁Wild c ats ▁football <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Death ▁of ▁Isra a ▁Gh ray eb ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁in ▁the ▁Palest in ian ▁city ▁of ▁Beth le hem . ▁Isra a ▁Gh ray eb , ▁ 2 1 ▁years ▁old , ▁was ▁reported ly ▁be aten ▁to ▁death ▁in ▁an ▁" hon or ▁killing " ▁because ▁she ▁posted ▁a ▁self ie ▁with ▁her ▁f iance ▁a ▁day ▁before ▁they ▁were ▁supposed ▁to ▁get ▁engaged . ▁Her ▁family ▁has ▁denied ▁the ▁accus ation , ▁saying ▁that ▁instead ▁she ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁heart ▁attack . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁investigation ▁Gh ray eb ▁died ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁after ▁sust aining ▁inj uries ▁at ▁her ▁home ▁in ▁Beit ▁Sah our . ▁Her ▁death ▁caused ▁protest s ▁by ▁Palest ini ans ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁accus ation ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁an ▁honour ▁killing . ▁Gh ray eb ' s ▁family ▁claims ▁that ▁the ▁cause ▁of ▁her ▁death ▁was ▁a ▁heart ▁attack |
. ▁As ▁of ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁The ▁Palest in ian ▁authorities ▁had ▁three ▁people ▁in ▁cust ody ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁death , ▁and ▁were ▁await ing ▁the ▁final ▁for ens ic ▁report . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁of ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁the ▁investigation ▁concluded ▁that ▁Gh ray eb ▁died ▁due ▁to ▁comp lications ▁in ▁her ▁resp ir atory ▁system ▁caused ▁by ▁repeated ▁beat ings . ▁Three ▁family ▁members ▁charged . ▁ ▁Public ▁response ▁# We Are All Is ra a ▁has ht ag ▁was ▁spread ▁on ▁social ▁networks ▁in ▁solid ar ity ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 1 - year - old ▁Palest in ian ▁Isra a ▁Gh ray eb ▁from ▁Beth le hem , ▁who ▁died ▁after ▁alleg edly ▁being ▁be aten ▁and ▁tort ured ▁in ▁an ▁" hon or ▁killing " ▁after ▁she ▁posted ▁a ▁video ▁on ▁social ▁media ▁with ▁a ▁man ▁whom ▁she ▁was ▁soon ▁supposed ▁to ▁be ▁engaged ▁to . ▁ ▁Res p ons es ▁The ▁death ▁of ▁Isra a ▁Gh ray eb ▁ ▁prov oked ▁out rage ▁on ▁the ▁West ▁Bank , ▁with ▁Palest ini ans ▁arr anging ▁protest s ▁against ▁the ▁killing ▁in ▁Beth le hem ▁and ▁Ram al lah . ▁ ▁Ad al ah ▁Justice ▁Project , ▁a ▁Palest in ian ▁Human ▁Rights ▁organisation , ▁said ▁they ▁were ▁" out rag ed ▁and ▁sad den ed " ▁by ▁" hein ous ▁killing ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Human ▁rights ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Palest ine ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category |
: 2 0 1 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Cons pi racy ▁theories ▁Category : De ath s ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Palest ine ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁controvers ies ▁Category : Pal est in ian ▁women ▁Category : Pe ople ▁murder ed ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Palest ine ▁Category : August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁events ▁in ▁Asia ▁category : 2 0 1 9 ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Palest ine ▁Category : Cr ime ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Palest ine <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁is ▁a ▁ 5 0 1 ( c )( 3 ) ▁not - for - pro fit ▁ag ency ▁that ▁provides ▁free ▁summer ▁vac ations ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁children ▁from ▁low - in come ▁communities . ▁ ▁Each ▁year , ▁thousands ▁of ▁children ▁visit ▁volunte er ▁host ▁families ▁in ▁ 1 3 ▁states ▁from ▁Virginia ▁to ▁Maine ▁and ▁Canada ▁through ▁the ▁Friend ly ▁Town ▁Program ▁or ▁attend ▁one ▁of ▁five ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁summer ▁cam ps . ▁The ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁has ▁helped ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 . 8 ▁million ▁children ▁since ▁ 1 8 7 7 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 7 , ▁The ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁was ▁created ▁to ▁allow ▁children ▁living ▁in ▁dis adv ant aged ▁communities ▁to ▁get ▁away ▁from ▁hot , ▁no isy ▁city ▁streets ▁and ▁enjoy ▁free ▁summer ▁experiences ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁▁ ▁Re ver end ▁Will ard ▁Par s ons , |
▁a ▁minister ▁who ▁had ▁just ▁moved ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁to ▁a ▁small , ▁rural ▁parish ▁in ▁Sh erman , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁asked ▁members ▁of ▁his ▁con greg ation ▁to ▁provide ▁country ▁vac ations ▁as ▁volunte er ▁host ▁families ▁for ▁New ▁York ▁City ’ s ▁need iest ▁children . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁The ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund . ▁By ▁ 1 8 8 1 , ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁The ▁Fund ▁was ▁expand ing ▁so ▁rapidly ▁that ▁Re ver end ▁Par s ons ▁asked ▁for ▁and ▁secured ▁support ▁from ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Trib une . ▁By ▁ 1 8 8 8 , ▁The ▁Fund ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁as ▁The ▁Trib une ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁A id ▁Society . ▁ ▁Today , ▁F resh ▁Air ▁continues ▁to ▁depend ▁on ▁favor able ▁public ity ▁from ▁the ▁media ▁with ▁assistance ▁from ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times . ▁ ▁Vol unte er ▁host ▁family ▁program , ▁called ▁" Fri end ly ▁Town s " ▁ ▁F resh ▁Air ▁children ▁ages ▁ 7 ▁to ▁ 1 2 ▁years ▁old ▁are ▁given ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁visit ▁with ▁host ▁families ▁across ▁ 1 4 ▁different ▁states ▁and ▁Canada ▁to ▁experience ▁the ▁jo ys ▁of ▁summer ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁F resh ▁Air ▁children ▁are ▁registered ▁by ▁more ▁than ▁ 9 0 ▁particip ating ▁social ▁services ▁and ▁community ▁organizations ▁located ▁in ▁dis adv ant aged ▁neighborhood s ▁in ▁the ▁five ▁bor ough s ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁First - time ▁visitors , ▁seven ▁to ▁ 1 2 ▁years ▁old |
, ▁spend ▁one ▁or ▁two ▁weeks ▁with ▁their ▁host ▁family . ▁Young sters ▁who ▁are ▁re - inv ited ▁by ▁the ▁same ▁family ▁may ▁continue ▁with ▁The ▁Fund ▁through ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁may ▁enjoy ▁longer ▁summ ert ime ▁vis its ▁year ▁after ▁year . ▁ ▁Friend ly ▁Town s ▁host ▁families ▁are ▁volunte ers ▁who ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁sub ur bs ▁or ▁small ▁town ▁communities . ▁Host ▁families ▁range ▁in ▁size ▁and ▁background ▁but ▁share ▁the ▁desire ▁to ▁open ▁their ▁hearts ▁and ▁homes ▁to ▁give ▁city ▁children ▁an ▁experience ▁they ▁will ▁never ▁forget . ▁Host s ▁say ▁the ▁F resh ▁Air ▁experience ▁is ▁as ▁en rich ing ▁for ▁their ▁own ▁families , ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁for ▁the ▁inner - city ▁children . ▁There ▁are ▁no ▁financial ▁requirements ▁for ▁hosting ▁a ▁child . ▁ ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁F resh ▁Air ▁children ▁are ▁from ▁low - in come ▁communities , ▁often ▁without ▁the ▁resources ▁to ▁send ▁their ▁children ▁on ▁summer ▁experiences . ▁A ▁visit ▁to ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁a ▁warm ▁and ▁lov ing ▁volunte er ▁host ▁family ▁can ▁make ▁all ▁the ▁difference ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁to ▁an ▁inner - city ▁child . ▁All ▁it ▁takes ▁to ▁create ▁lif el ong ▁mem ories ▁is ▁la ughing ▁in ▁the ▁sun sh ine , ▁running ▁bare foot ▁in ▁the ▁grass , ▁r iding ▁b ikes ▁down ▁country ▁lan es ▁and ▁making ▁new ▁friends . ▁ ▁In ▁every ▁Friend ly ▁Town , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁volunte er ▁committee ▁and ▁Chair person ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁program . ▁The |
▁committee ▁public izes ▁the ▁program , ▁screens ▁applications , ▁checks ▁references , ▁inter views ▁families ▁in ▁their ▁homes ▁and ▁appro ves ▁new ▁hosts . ▁The ▁committee ▁members ▁also ▁make ▁follow - up ▁vis its ▁to ▁all ▁particip ating ▁host ▁families ▁every ▁three ▁years . ▁The ▁Friend ly ▁Town ▁committee ▁ass ists ▁hosts ▁while ▁F resh ▁Air ▁children ▁are ▁visit ing ▁and ▁often ▁plans ▁group ▁activities ▁during ▁the ▁tri ps . ▁The ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁provides ▁support ▁to ▁Fund ▁Representatives , ▁Chair people ▁and ▁host ▁families ▁ 2 4 ▁hours ▁a ▁day , ▁when ▁F resh ▁Air ▁children ▁are ▁visit ing ▁their ▁towns . ▁ ▁Summer ▁camp ing ▁for ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁children ▁ ▁The ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁own s ▁and ▁oper ates ▁five ▁cam ps ▁located ▁on ▁The ▁Fund ’ s ▁Sh ar pe ▁Res ervation ▁ ▁in ▁Fish kill , ▁New ▁York , ▁ 6 5 ▁miles ▁north ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁Sh ar pe ▁Res ervation ▁has ▁ 2 , 3 0 0 ▁acres ▁of ▁beautiful ▁land ▁with ▁la kes , ▁p onds , ▁streams ▁and ▁h ik ing ▁tra ils ▁through ▁the ▁woods . ▁ ▁Camp ▁Tommy ▁is ▁The ▁Fund ' s ▁camp ▁for ▁boys , ▁ages ▁ 1 2 ▁to ▁ 1 5 , ▁with ▁ 1 2 0 ▁camp ers ▁in ▁each ▁session . ▁Camp ▁Tommy ▁offers ▁h ik ing , ▁nature ▁and ▁other ▁out door ▁programs ▁designed ▁to ▁develop ▁co operation ▁and ▁encou rage ▁team ▁building . ▁Major ▁improvements ▁and ▁recently ▁constructed ▁facilities ▁have |
▁created ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁significant ▁educational ▁programs , ▁such ▁as ▁liter acy ▁and ▁career ▁skills ▁development , ▁computer ▁work sh ops , ▁phot ography ▁and ▁music . ▁Origin ally ▁Camp ▁P ione er ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 8 - 1 9 9 8 , ▁Camp ▁Tommy ' s ▁inaug ural ▁year ▁was ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁Camp ▁Tommy ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Tommy ▁Hil fig er ▁for ▁his ▁gener ous ▁support ▁and ▁dedic ation ▁to ▁F resh ▁Air ▁children . ▁ ▁Camp ▁Hay den - Mark s ▁Memorial ▁serves ▁ 2 0 4 ▁boys ▁each ▁session , ▁age ▁nine ▁to ▁ 1 2 . ▁Camp ers ▁enjoy ▁out door ▁activities ▁including ▁sports , ▁co oper ative ▁games , ▁bo ating , ▁arts ▁and ▁craft s , ▁drama , ▁science ▁and ▁h ik ing . ▁Boys ▁at ▁Hay den - Mark s ▁Memorial ▁also ▁benefit ▁from ▁educational ▁activities , ▁including ▁computers , ▁video , ▁music ▁and ▁art . ▁ ▁At ▁Camp ▁ABC , ▁girls ▁live ▁in ▁small ▁groups ▁where ▁they ▁learn ▁to ▁develop ▁self - conf idence , ▁independence ▁and ▁team work ▁skills . ▁Edu c ational ▁programs ▁promote ▁environmental ▁aw aren ess , ▁cultural ▁arts ▁and ▁physical ▁fit ness ▁in ▁a ▁fun , ▁safe , ▁support ive ▁environment . ▁Each ▁session , ▁ 2 1 6 ▁girls ▁make ▁new ▁friends ▁while ▁particip ating ▁in ▁many ▁different ▁fun ▁and ▁exc iting ▁activities . ▁ ▁Camp ▁H idden ▁Valley ▁serves ▁ 1 3 0 ▁girls ▁and ▁boys ▁with ▁and ▁without ▁special ▁needs , |
▁ages ▁eight ▁to ▁ 1 2 . ▁At ▁this ▁unique ▁camp , ▁children ▁with ▁and ▁without ▁dis abilities ▁live ▁and ▁play ▁together ▁and ▁find ▁out ▁how ▁much ▁they ▁have ▁in ▁common . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁special ▁needs ▁our ▁camp ers ▁have ▁to ▁include ▁sick le - cell ▁an emia , ▁c ere br al ▁p als y , ▁mus cular ▁d yst ro phy , ▁hearing ▁imp air ments ▁and ▁physical ▁dis abilities ▁that ▁require ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁wheel ch airs , ▁bra ces ▁or ▁cr ut ches . ▁Camp ▁activities ▁include ▁art , ▁h ik ing , ▁nature ▁and ▁cre ative ▁writing . ▁The ▁spe cially ▁designed ▁pool ▁complex ▁is ▁enjoyed ▁by ▁all ▁camp ers , ▁including ▁children ▁who ▁use ▁wheel ch airs , ▁bra ces ▁or ▁other ▁forms ▁of ▁assistance . ▁ ▁Camp ▁Maria h , ▁The ▁Fund ' s ▁Career ▁A war eness ▁Camp , ▁enables ▁nearly ▁ 3 0 0 ▁inner - city ▁ad oles c ents ▁to ▁explore ▁educational ▁paths ▁and ▁career ▁options , ▁while ▁enjo ying ▁camp ▁advent ures . ▁Camp ▁Maria h ▁offers ▁a ▁unique ▁setting ▁to ▁eng age ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁in ▁an ▁educational ▁curr icul um ▁and ▁prepare ▁them ▁for ▁the ▁world ▁of ▁work . ▁Int ensive ▁three - and - a - half - week ▁summer ▁sessions ▁and ▁week end ▁camp ing ▁tri ps ▁are ▁complement ed ▁by ▁year - round ▁activities ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁Children ▁must ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁sixth ▁grade ▁to ▁apply ▁for ▁the ▁Career ▁A war eness ▁Program |
. ▁Camp ▁Maria h ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Board ▁member ▁Maria h ▁Care y ▁for ▁her ▁gener ous ▁support ▁and ▁dedic ation ▁to ▁F resh ▁Air ▁children . ▁ ▁Year - round ▁programs ▁and ▁off - season ▁camp ing ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁H ous ing ▁Author ity ▁spons ors ▁day ▁tri ps ▁to ▁camp , ▁to ▁help ▁bright en ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁children ▁living ▁in ▁housing ▁develop ments . ▁This ▁year - round ▁partners hip ▁with ▁The ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁continues ▁to ▁fl our ish ▁and ▁provide ▁camp ing ▁programs ▁to ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁inner - city ▁young sters . ▁ ▁The ▁Fund ▁has ▁expanded ▁its ▁initi ative ▁to ▁intens ify ▁its ▁relationship ▁with ▁young ▁camp ers . ▁Boys ▁and ▁girls ▁from ▁Cam ps ▁Hay den - Mark s ▁Memorial , ▁H idden ▁Valley ▁and ▁An ita ▁Bl iss ▁Col er ▁( ABC ) ▁particip ate ▁in ▁week end ▁camp ing ▁programs ▁in ▁the ▁fall , ▁winter ▁and ▁spring . ▁Activ ities ▁included ▁h ik ing , ▁cook ing , ▁arts ▁and ▁craft s ▁and ▁co oper ative ▁games . ▁ ▁The ▁Coun sel or - In - Tra ining ▁( C IT ) ▁Program ▁at ▁Cam ps ▁An ita ▁Bl iss ▁Col er ▁( ABC ) ▁and ▁Hay den - Mark s ▁Memorial ▁have ▁expanded ▁trem end ously ▁in ▁recent ▁years . ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁C IT s ▁are ▁former ▁camp ers . ▁All ▁C IT s ▁must ▁be ▁ 1 6 ▁and ▁ 1 7 |
▁years ▁old ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁summer . ▁During ▁summer ▁and ▁week end ▁camp ▁vis its , ▁young ▁people ▁ac quire ▁super vis ory ▁skills ▁to ▁become ▁future ▁camp ▁coun sel ors . ▁They ▁develop ▁leadership , ▁team - building ▁and ▁communic ations ▁skills ▁through ▁a ▁year - round ▁program . ▁ ▁Career ▁A war eness ▁Program s ▁ ▁The ▁Career ▁A war eness ▁Program ▁focus es ▁on ▁expand ing ▁the ▁education ▁and ▁career ▁options ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁ad oles c ents . ▁Boys ▁and ▁girls , ▁ages ▁ 1 2 ▁to ▁ 1 4 , ▁make ▁a ▁commit ment ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁spe cially ▁designed ▁educational , ▁recre ational ▁and ▁camp ing ▁experiences ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁at ▁Camp ▁Maria h . ▁All ▁students ▁register ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 6 th ▁grade . ▁After ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁grade ▁school ▁year , ▁they ▁begin ▁the ▁program ▁in ▁the ▁summer . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Inner - city ▁children , ▁country ▁sum mers : ▁narr ating ▁American ▁child hood ▁and ▁the ▁ge ograph ies ▁of ▁wh iten ess ▁a ▁discussion ▁of ▁media ▁representations ▁of ▁the ▁F resh ▁Air ▁Fund ▁and ▁issues ▁of ▁race ▁ ▁Category : Organ izations ▁based ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City <0x0A> </s> ▁Sh ink i ▁Bus ▁Co ., ▁Ltd ▁is ▁a ▁transport ▁company ▁based ▁in ▁H ime ji , ▁Japan , ▁operating ▁local ▁bus ▁services ▁in ▁Hy ogo ▁pre fect ure ▁and ▁other ▁services ▁mainly ▁related |
▁to ▁transport ▁and ▁tour ism . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁company ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Sh ink i ▁Autom obile ▁( ▁ 神 ▁ <0xE5> <0xA7> <0xAB> ▁ 自 動 ▁ 車 ▁ 株 式 会 社 , ▁Sh ink i ▁J id ô sha ▁Kab ush ik iga ish a ▁) ▁in ▁K obe ▁. ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁the ▁company ▁moved ▁and ▁settled ▁in ▁H ime ji , ▁renamed ▁as ▁Sh ink i ▁Co ▁Autom ot ive ( ▁ 神 <0xE5> <0xA7> <0xAB> 合 同 自 動 車 株 式 会 社 , ▁Sh ink i ▁G ō d ō ▁J idos ha ▁Kab ush ik iga ish a ▁) ▁. ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁the ▁company ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁back ▁to ▁its ▁original ▁name . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁the ▁company ▁again ▁mod ifies ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁become ▁Sh ink i ▁Bus , ▁the ▁current ▁name . ▁ ▁Ve h icles ▁Currently , ▁four ▁models ▁of ▁M its ub ishi ▁F uso , ▁Is uz u , ▁H ino , ▁N iss an ▁Dies el ▁( then ▁" UD ▁Tru cks "), ▁N iss an ▁Civil ian , ▁Toy ota ▁Co aster , ▁Toy ota ▁H ia ce ▁are ▁introduced . ▁Electric ▁cars ▁and ▁high - speed ▁cars ▁were ▁un ified ▁in ▁M FT BC ▁for ▁a ▁long ▁time , ▁but ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁two ▁H ino |
▁and ▁Se leg a ▁were ▁introduced . ▁The ▁most ▁not ew orth y ▁point ▁in ▁color ing ▁is ▁the ▁painting ▁of ▁char ter ▁cars . ▁This ▁was ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁graph ic ▁designer ▁Kaz um asa ▁Nag ai ▁designed ▁that ▁was ▁requested ▁to , ▁in ▁the ▁article ▁of ▁the ▁bus ▁magazine ▁is ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁introduced ▁as ▁a ▁" design er ▁brand ▁tour ▁bus ". The ▁earlier ▁char tered ▁car ▁design ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁design ▁for ▁high - speed ▁vehicles ▁for ▁day time ▁even ▁after ▁that . ▁The ▁night ▁express ▁bus ▁is ▁a ▁design ▁that ▁arranged ▁H ime ji ▁Castle . ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁vehicle , ▁the ▁base ▁color ▁was ▁a ▁blue ▁color , ▁but ▁the ▁base ▁color ▁has ▁been ▁changed ▁when ▁updating ▁the ▁vehicle . ▁The ▁nick name ▁of ▁" O range ▁Ar row ▁Str and ▁S AN DA " ▁was ▁public ly ▁rec ru ited ▁and ▁named . ▁Shin - S anda ▁Station ▁and ▁M ita ▁Station ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁pre - ar rival ▁and ▁departure ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁routes , ▁capacity ▁has ▁become ▁from ▁usual ▁route ▁bus ▁from ▁about ▁ 4 0 ▁people ▁to ▁ 1 1 6 ▁people . ▁Reg ular ▁sight see ing ▁bus ▁" S ky ▁Bus ▁K obe " ▁with ▁open ▁top ▁bus ▁bor rows ▁Ne o ▁Plan ▁Sky lin er ▁and ▁Ne o ▁Plan ▁Space ▁Lin er ▁of ▁" S ky ▁Bus ▁Tokyo " ▁from ▁Hin om aru ▁Auto ▁Indust ry ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ |
▁Group ▁companies ▁ ▁Cons olid ated ▁subs idi ary ▁Sh ink i ▁Green ▁Bus ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁West ▁Princess ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Zone ▁Bus ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁S ight see ing ▁Bus ▁Corporation ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Tax i ▁Corporation ▁ ▁Ma iko ▁God ▁Princess ▁Tax i ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁T ach ib ana ▁Sh ink i ▁Tax i ▁Corporation ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Tax i ▁H ime ji ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁El te o ▁Corporation ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Indust ry ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Com merce ▁and ▁Indust ry ▁Co . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Create ▁Co . ▁Ltd . ▁Sh ink i ▁Environment ▁Service ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Hope ▁Corporation ▁Sh ink i ▁Angel ▁Heart ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Food ▁Service ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Tra vel ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁( origin ally ▁a ▁subs idi ary ▁of ▁As ah i ▁Broadcast ing ▁" ABC ▁· ▁Tra vel ", ▁after ▁the ▁company ▁bought ▁it ▁the ▁name ▁changed ▁to ▁" ABC ▁Sh ink i ▁Tra vel " ▁by ▁Sh ink i ▁Bus ▁capital ▁participation , ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁the ▁company ▁remains ▁even ▁after ▁becoming ▁the ▁current ▁company ▁name ) ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁S ight see ing ▁Hold ings ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Bus ▁T ours ▁Co |
., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Fu ji ya ▁Kam ab oko ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sh ink i ▁Del iver ing ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Sw im ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Equ ity - method ▁affili ate ▁S any o ▁Department ▁Store ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Other ▁affili ates ▁S any o ▁Electric ▁Railway ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁ ▁Hans hin ▁Electric ▁Railway ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁- ▁the ▁largest ▁share holder . ▁However , ▁the ▁Sh ink i ▁bus ▁does ▁not ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁H ank y u ▁Hans hin ▁T oh o ▁group ▁. ▁ ▁Bus ▁Terminal ▁Co ., ▁Ltd . ▁- ▁Tem por ary ▁dispatch ▁of ▁execut ives ▁and ▁capital ▁al liance . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁report ▁that ▁management ▁integration ▁will ▁be ▁integrated ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁President ▁U es ug i ▁of ▁Sh ink i ▁Bus ▁to ▁the ▁press ▁coverage ▁expressed ▁motiv ation , ▁but ▁since ▁then ▁both ▁companies ▁have ▁not ▁announced ▁the ▁official ▁announ cement . ▁The ▁company ' s ▁K obe ▁Total ▁All ▁tax is ▁came ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁dissol ution , ▁Am agas aki ▁Sales ▁Office ▁in ▁Am agas aki ▁City ▁was ▁transferred ▁by ▁T ach ib ana ▁Sh ink o ▁tax i , ▁which ▁is ▁operated ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁( K obe ▁head ▁office ▁is ▁K obe ▁head ▁office ▁K ok us ai ▁K ogy o ▁( now ▁K ok us ai ▁Os aka ▁→ ▁International ▁K obe ▁K obe ) ▁Transfer ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links |
▁ ▁Category : Bus ▁companies ▁of ▁Japan <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Pap al ▁States ▁under ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁IX ▁assumed ▁a ▁much ▁more ▁modern ▁and ▁sec ular ▁character ▁than ▁had ▁been ▁seen ▁under ▁previous ▁pont ific ates , ▁and ▁yet ▁this ▁progress ive ▁modern ization ▁was ▁not ▁nearly ▁sufficient ▁in ▁resist ing ▁the ▁t ide ▁of ▁political ▁liberal ization ▁and ▁un ification ▁in ▁Italy ▁during ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁ ▁A ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁from ▁the ▁perspective ▁of ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 th ▁ ▁century ▁is ▁readily ▁available . ▁ ▁P ius ' ▁internal ▁administration ▁P ius ▁IX ▁was ▁not ▁only ▁Pope , ▁but ▁until ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁also ▁the ▁S over eign ▁R uler ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States . ▁His ▁rule ▁was ▁considered ▁sec ular ▁and ▁as ▁such ▁he ▁was ▁occasionally ▁accord ed ▁the ▁title ▁" king ". ▁However ▁whether ▁this ▁was ▁ever ▁a ▁title ▁accepted ▁by ▁the ▁Holy ▁See ▁is ▁unclear . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁fer vent ▁contemporary ▁critic ▁of ▁his ▁inf al lib ility ▁dog ma , ▁Ign az ▁von ▁D öll inger , ▁considered ▁the ▁" polit ical ▁regime " ▁of ▁the ▁po pe ▁in ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁as ▁" wise , ▁well - int ention ed , ▁m ild - n ature d , ▁f rug al ▁and ▁open ▁for ▁innov ations ". ▁Yet ▁there ▁was ▁controvers y . ▁In ▁the ▁period ▁before ▁the ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁revolution , ▁P ius ▁IX |
▁was ▁a ▁most ▁ar dent ▁reform er . ▁After ▁the ▁revolution ▁however , ▁his ▁political ▁re forms ▁and ▁constitution al ▁improvements ▁were ▁considered ▁minimal ists , ▁remaining ▁largely ▁within ▁the ▁framework ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁laws ▁mentioned ▁above ▁ ▁Government al ▁structure ▁▁ ▁The ▁government al ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁reflected ▁the ▁dual ▁spiritual - sec ular ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁pap acy ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁The ▁sec ular ▁or ▁lay ▁persons ▁were ▁strongly ▁in ▁the ▁majority ▁with ▁ 6 8 5 0 ▁persons ▁versus ▁ 3 0 0 ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁cler gy . ▁But ▁the ▁cler gy ▁occupied ▁the ▁key ▁decision ▁making ▁positions ▁and ▁every ▁job ▁applic ant ▁had ▁to ▁present ▁a ▁character ▁evaluation ▁from ▁his ▁Par ish ▁pri ests ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁be ▁considered . ▁ ▁The ▁Card inal ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁appointed ▁and ▁dismiss ed ▁minister s ▁of ▁which ▁three ▁were ▁lay ▁people . ▁Their ▁dec isions ▁were ▁subject ▁to ▁pap al ▁appro val s . ▁They ▁were ▁minister s ▁for : ▁In ternal ▁Affairs ▁including ▁Police ▁and ▁Health ; ▁Com merce , ▁including ▁trade , ▁craft s ▁and ▁industry , ▁agricult ure , ▁arts , ▁rail ways ; ▁War , ▁including ▁the ▁pap al ▁army ; ▁Cle men cy ▁and ▁Justice ▁including ▁police ▁and ▁the ▁jud ici ary . ▁ ▁Fin ance ▁▁ ▁The ▁financial ▁administration ▁in ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁under ▁P ius ▁IX ▁were ▁increasing ly ▁put ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁lay ▁persons . ▁The ▁budget ▁and ▁financial ▁administration ▁in ▁the |
▁Pap al ▁States ▁had ▁long ▁been ▁subject ▁to ▁criticism ▁even ▁before ▁P ius ▁IX , ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁end ▁with ▁his ▁pap acy . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁he ▁created ▁a ▁government al ▁fin ance ▁con greg ation ▁consisting ▁of ▁four ▁lay ▁persons ▁with ▁fin ance ▁▁▁ ▁background ▁for ▁the ▁twenty ▁provinces . ▁The ▁chron ic ▁budget ▁def ic it ▁disappeared ▁by ▁ 1 8 5 8 . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁steady ▁increase ▁in ▁reven ues ▁stem ming ▁from ▁the ▁tax ation ▁of ▁exports , ▁imports ▁and ▁trade ▁and ▁a ▁decrease ▁in ▁sp ending ▁especially ▁for ▁the ▁pap al ▁army . ▁The ▁tax ▁bur den ▁of ▁the ▁citizens ▁was ▁far ▁below ▁European ▁average , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁an ▁infl ux ▁of ▁foreign ▁residents ▁into ▁Rome , ▁many ▁of ▁them ▁non - C athol ics , ▁which ▁created ▁local ▁problems ▁with ▁religious ▁services ▁and ▁their ▁integration . ▁The ▁pap acy ▁react ed ▁with ▁new ▁consumption ▁tax es ▁for ▁lux ury ▁items ▁and ▁be er , ▁and ▁an ▁exem ption ▁from ▁real ▁estate ▁tax es ▁of ▁low - cost ▁houses ▁for ▁long - term ▁residents . ▁A ▁problem ▁after ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁was ▁the ▁worth less ▁paper ▁money ▁introduced ▁by ▁the ▁revolution ary ▁Republican ▁government ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 8 . ▁It ▁was ▁accepted ▁and ▁ex changed ▁at ▁a ▁lower ▁value ▁by ▁the ▁pap al ▁tre as ury . ▁ ▁The ▁criticism ▁of ▁the ▁economic ▁policies ▁of ▁P ius ▁IX ▁included ▁the ▁argument ▁that ▁the ▁Pope ▁maintained ▁in ▁Rome |
▁large ▁areas ▁for ▁agricult ure ▁and ▁forest ry ▁at ▁the ▁exp ense ▁of ▁potential ▁industrial ▁development . ▁Supp or ters ▁of ▁P ius ▁point ▁to ▁the ▁increases ▁in ▁ag ro - indust ry ▁during ▁his ▁leadership , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁sil k , ▁o live ▁oil ▁and ▁wine ▁production ▁and ▁great ▁product ivity ▁g ains ▁in ▁agricult ure , ▁acc red ited ▁in ▁part ▁to ▁a ▁scientific ▁research ▁inst itute ▁and ▁bene vol ent ▁tax ation , ▁which ▁permitted ▁ref in ancing ▁of ▁existing ▁deb ts . ▁ ▁Com merce ▁and ▁trade ▁▁ ▁P ius ▁IX ▁is ▁cred ited ▁with ▁system atic ▁efforts ▁to ▁improve ▁manufact uring ▁and ▁trade ▁by ▁giving ▁advantages ▁and ▁pap al ▁pri zes ▁to ▁domestic ▁produ cers ▁of ▁w ool , ▁sil k ▁and ▁other ▁materials ▁dest ined ▁for ▁export . ▁He ▁improved ▁the ▁transport ation ▁system ▁by ▁building ▁roads , ▁vi ad uct s , ▁brid ges ▁and ▁sea ▁ports . ▁A ▁series ▁of ▁new ▁railway ▁links ▁connected ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁to ▁northern ▁Italy . ▁It ▁became ▁soon ▁visible ▁that ▁the ▁Northern ▁It ali ans ▁were ▁more ▁ade pt ▁to ▁explo it ▁econom ically ▁the ▁modern ▁means ▁of ▁communication ▁than ▁the ▁inhabitants ▁in ▁central ▁and ▁Southern ▁Italy . ▁A ▁growing ▁dis cre p ancy ▁of ▁income ▁developed ▁pover ty ▁in ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States , ▁which ▁P ius ▁IX ▁tried ▁to ▁respond ▁to ▁with ▁increased ▁char ities . ▁This ▁in ▁turn ▁made ▁him ▁subject ▁to ▁criticism ▁of ▁being ▁too ▁gener ous ▁to ▁lazy ▁and ▁a |
path etic ▁populations , ▁making ▁them ▁almost ▁dependent ▁on ▁his ▁social ▁policies . ▁ ▁To ▁increase ▁commerce , ▁P ius ▁engaged ▁in ▁numerous ▁and ▁far - re aching ▁agre ements ▁with ▁neighbour ing ▁states ▁but ▁also ▁with ▁the ▁Belg ium , ▁United ▁States , ▁Russia , ▁France , ▁and ▁Pr uss ia ▁to ▁reduce ▁mut ual ▁tar iffs , ▁equal ▁treatment ▁of ▁commercial ▁entities ▁and ▁ships ▁from ▁different ▁states , ▁crime ▁fighting ▁and ▁postal ▁convent ions ▁ ▁Justice ▁ ▁The ▁justice ▁system ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁was ▁subject ▁to ▁numerous ▁accus ations ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁not ▁unlike ▁the ▁justice ▁systems ▁in ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁Italy . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁general ▁lack ▁of ▁legal ▁books ▁and ▁standards , ▁and ▁accus ations ▁of ▁partial ity ▁of ▁the ▁jud ges . ▁Through out ▁Italy ▁but ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States , ▁ma f ia - type ▁criminal ▁bands ▁threatened ▁commerce ▁and ▁trav ellers ▁in ▁several ▁regions , ▁eng aging ▁in ▁rob ber y ▁and ▁murder ▁at ▁will . ▁This ▁problem , ▁imm ort al ized ▁by ▁Aless andro ▁Man z oni ' s ▁The ▁Bet ro th ed , ▁and ▁v ivid ly ▁described ▁by ▁the ▁English ▁Card inal ▁Nicholas ▁Wis eman , ▁existed ▁long ▁before ▁P ius ▁IX . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁a ▁reform ▁was ▁issued , ▁intended ▁to ▁clarify ▁juris diction . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 9 , ▁P ius ▁ordered ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁a ▁un ified ▁criminal ▁code . ▁He ▁also ▁ordered ▁a ▁reform ▁of ▁pap |
al ▁pr isons ▁and ▁pen al ▁houses . ▁The ▁Police ▁was ▁put ▁under ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State , ▁and ▁given ▁more ▁authority ▁and ▁power . ▁This ▁contributed ▁to ▁a ▁significant ▁reduction ▁of ▁crime ▁but ▁also ▁to ▁accus ations ▁of ▁partial ity . ▁ ▁Military ▁▁ ▁A ▁unique ▁position ▁was ▁granted ▁to ▁the ▁pap al ▁army , ▁consisting ▁almost ▁exclus ively ▁of ▁foreign ers , ▁since ▁the ▁Roman ▁Black ▁Nob ility ▁was ▁not ▁willing ▁to ▁serve ▁and ▁the ▁population ▁resist ed ▁military ▁service ▁as ▁well , ▁despite ▁a ▁decent ▁sal ary ▁structure ▁and ▁the ▁potential ▁for ▁promotion . ▁A ▁main , ▁but ▁not ▁the ▁only , ▁element ▁of ▁the ▁pap al ▁army ▁was ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Guard . ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁pap al ▁soldiers ▁amount ed ▁to ▁ 1 5 . 0 0 0 ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 9 . ▁The ▁numerous ▁national ities ▁presented ▁lingu istic ▁problems , ▁and ▁their ▁arm ament ▁was ▁not ▁high ▁on ▁the ▁priority ▁list ▁of ▁P ius ▁IX . ▁During ▁much ▁of ▁his ▁pont ificate , ▁the ▁military ▁security ▁was ▁guaranteed ▁by ▁either ▁Austria ▁or ▁France . ▁However , ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁and ▁French ▁troops ▁did ▁not ▁always ▁behave ▁like ▁model ▁Christians , ▁creating ▁res ent ments ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁population ▁and ▁further ing ▁the ▁national istic ▁t endencies ▁towards ▁a ▁un ified ▁Italy , ▁free ▁of ▁any ▁foreign ers . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁Liber als ▁attacked ▁P ius ▁IX ▁for ▁his ▁educational ▁policies , ▁which ▁largely ▁were ▁a ▁continu ation ▁of ▁traditional ▁Catholic ▁education ▁prior ities ▁with |
▁an ▁accomp any ing ▁neglect ▁of ▁the ▁natural ▁sciences ▁on ▁the ▁primary ▁and ▁secondary ▁level . ▁Education ▁was ▁not ▁mand atory ▁in ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States , ▁a ▁fact ▁which ▁some ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁low ▁educational ▁standards ▁in ▁comparison ▁to ▁other ▁countries . ▁Second ary ▁education ▁was ▁largely ▁in ▁private ▁hands ▁or ▁in ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁Catholic ▁instit utes ▁and ▁religious ▁orders . ▁During ▁his ▁reign , ▁P ius ▁IX ▁under to ok ▁innov ative ▁efforts : ▁he ▁created ▁new ▁schools ▁for ▁the ▁hand ic apped ▁and ▁evening ▁academ ies ▁for ▁persons ▁to ▁improve ▁their ▁education ▁after ▁working ▁hours . ▁He ▁also ▁created ▁all - day ▁schools ▁for ▁children ▁whose ▁parents ▁were ▁absent ▁during ▁the ▁working ▁hours . ▁To ▁improve ▁the ▁overall ▁situation , ▁he ▁created ▁a ▁min istry ▁of ▁education ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 1 . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁two ▁pap al ▁univers ities ▁in ▁Rome ▁and ▁Bolog na ▁suffered ▁much ▁from ▁the ▁revolution ary ▁activities ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁but ▁their ▁standards ▁in ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁science , ▁mathematics , ▁philosophy ▁and ▁the ology ▁were ▁considered ▁ade qu ate . ▁ ▁P ius ▁recognized ▁that ▁much ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁done ▁and ▁instit uted ▁a ▁reform ▁commission . ▁He ▁increased ▁the ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁Camer l engo ▁and ▁decided ▁to ▁personally ▁appoint ▁each ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁univers ities . ▁He ▁increased ▁the ▁sal aries ▁of ▁the ▁university ▁staff , ▁increased ▁staff ▁positions , ▁and ▁added ▁ge ology , ▁agricult ure ▁science , ▁arch ae ology , ▁astronom y , ▁and |
▁bot any ▁to ▁the ▁teaching ▁areas . ▁He ▁created ▁a ▁new ▁clin ic ▁for ▁pre gn ant ▁women ▁to ▁give ▁birth , ▁several ▁museum s , ▁and ▁a ▁pap al ▁astronom ical ▁observ atory ▁The ology ▁students ▁were ▁subject ed ▁to ▁more ▁rig orous ▁training . ▁The ology ▁students ▁from ▁foreign ▁countries ▁benef ited ▁from ▁his ▁financial ▁support ▁of ▁German , ▁French , ▁Polish , ▁South ▁American , ▁North ▁American , ▁English , ▁and ▁Irish ▁sem in aries , ▁where ▁they ▁could ▁study ▁together . ▁ ▁Social ▁life ▁ ▁There ▁was ▁one ▁newspaper ▁Gi orn ale ▁di ▁Roma ▁and ▁one ▁period ical , ▁Civil ta ▁C att ol ica , ▁run ▁by ▁Jes uits . ▁When ▁Marc anton io ▁Pac elli , ▁the ▁grand father ▁of ▁Eugen io ▁Pac elli , ▁approached ▁P ius ▁regarding ▁an ▁official ▁newspaper , ▁L ’ Os serv atore ▁Rom ano , ▁which ▁actually ▁printed ▁what ▁the ▁Pope ▁said ▁and ▁did ▁the ▁previous ▁day , ▁P ius ▁turned ▁him ▁down . ▁Pac elli ▁published ▁anyway , ▁and ▁Leo ▁XIII ▁bought ▁it ▁from ▁him ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁later . ▁The ▁social ▁life ▁of ▁Rome ▁centered ▁around ▁the ▁Roman ▁cler gy ▁and ▁black ▁nob ility , ▁their ▁affairs ▁and ▁sc and als . ▁Out s iders , ▁Protest ants , ▁and ▁Jews , ▁who ▁came ▁in ▁ever ▁increasing ▁numbers ▁into ▁Rome , ▁had ▁little ▁or ▁no ▁access ▁to ▁these ▁inner ▁circles . ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁revolution , ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁ex clusion ▁and ▁of ▁a ▁lack |
▁of ▁progress ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁an ▁alternative ▁soci eties , ▁consisting ▁of ▁numerous ▁secret ▁associations , ▁some ▁looking ▁for ▁social ▁change , ▁some ▁consp ir ative ▁or ▁revolution ary ▁in ▁nature , ▁others ▁aim ing ▁at ▁Italian ▁unity , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁not ▁toler ated ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States , ▁which ▁saw ▁them ▁threaten ▁the ▁Pap al ▁the ocracy . ▁ ▁Arts ▁▁ ▁P ius ▁IX ▁was ▁a ▁patron ▁of ▁the ▁arts ▁like ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁prede cess ors . ▁The ▁two ▁the at res ▁in ▁Rome ▁were ▁popular ▁in ▁part ▁because ▁he ▁ex empt ed ▁them ▁from ▁any ▁pap al ▁c ensor ship . ▁He ▁gener ously ▁supported ▁all ▁expressions ▁of ▁art , ▁architecture , ▁painting , ▁sculpt ure , ▁music , ▁g olds m ith s , ▁co ppers m ith s ▁and ▁more , ▁and ▁handed ▁out ▁numerous ▁re wards ▁to ▁its ▁represent atives . ▁Much ▁of ▁his ▁efforts ▁were ▁orient ed ▁to ▁the ▁Roman ▁churches ▁but ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States , ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁renov ated ▁and ▁improved . ▁Saint ▁Peter ' s ▁Bas il ica ▁got ▁numerous ▁improvements , ▁including ▁the ▁existing ▁mar ble ▁flo ors ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁stat ues ▁of ▁the ▁Apost le ▁Peter ▁and ▁Apost le ▁Paul ▁at ▁the ▁Pla za . ▁He ▁restored ▁prof ane ▁buildings ▁as ▁well ▁and ▁ordered ▁a ▁renov ation ▁of ▁the ▁paint ings ▁in ▁the ▁V at ican . ▁He ▁greatly ▁increased ▁the ▁V at ican ▁library ▁and ▁added ▁to |
▁the ▁V at ican ▁manufact uring ▁a ▁new ▁factory ▁for ▁m osa ics . ▁The ▁pap al ▁minist ries ▁were ▁ordered ▁to ▁re loc ate ▁into ▁the ▁cent r ally ▁located ▁Can cell aria ▁to ▁enable ▁regular ▁citizens ▁access ▁to ▁pap al ▁officials . ▁ ▁Great ▁efforts ▁were ▁undert aken ▁to ▁restore ▁historic ▁walls , ▁f ount ains , ▁streets ▁and ▁brid ges . ▁He ▁ordered ▁the ▁exc av ation ▁of ▁Roman ▁sites , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁several ▁major ▁discover ies . ▁He ▁ordered ▁the ▁strength ening ▁of ▁the ▁Col os se um ▁which ▁was ▁threaten ing ▁to ▁collapse ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁H uge ▁sums ▁were ▁spent ▁in ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁Christian ▁c ata com bs , ▁for ▁which ▁P ius ▁created ▁a ▁new ▁arch ae ological ▁commission ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 3 . ▁A ▁major ▁success ▁during ▁his ▁pont ificate ▁was ▁the ▁discover ies ▁of ▁the ▁C ata com bs ▁of ▁San ▁Call isto , ▁which ▁included ▁totally ▁unknown ▁tomb s , ▁texts ▁and ▁paint ings . ▁Out side ▁of ▁Rome , ▁P ius ▁restored ▁E tr us can ▁and ▁ancient ▁Roman ▁monuments ▁in ▁Per ug ia , ▁Ost ia , ▁B ene vent o , ▁An con a ▁and ▁R aven na ▁ ▁Protest ants ▁and ▁Jews ▁▁ ▁The ▁Pap al ▁States ▁were ▁a ▁the ocracy ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁and ▁C athol ics ▁had ▁more ▁rights ▁than ▁members ▁of ▁other ▁relig ions . ▁P ius ▁IX ' s ▁policies ▁changed ▁over ▁time . ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of |
▁his ▁pont ificate , ▁together ▁with ▁other ▁liberal ▁measures , ▁P ius ▁opened ▁the ▁Jewish ▁gh etto ▁in ▁Rome . ▁After ▁returning ▁from ▁ex ile ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁during ▁which ▁the ▁Roman ▁Republic ▁issued ▁sharp ▁anti - Ch urch ▁measures , ▁the ▁Pope ▁issued ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁anti - li ber al ▁measures , ▁including ▁re - inst itut ing ▁the ▁Gh etto . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 8 , ▁in ▁a ▁highly ▁public ized ▁case , ▁a ▁six - year - old ▁Jewish ▁boy , ▁Ed g ardo ▁Mort ara , ▁was ▁taken ▁from ▁his ▁parents ▁by ▁the ▁police ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States . ▁He ▁had ▁reported ly ▁been ▁bapt ized ▁by ▁a ▁Christian ▁servant ▁girl ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁ill , ▁because ▁she ▁fe ared ▁that ▁otherwise ▁he ▁would ▁go ▁to ▁Hell ▁if ▁he ▁died . ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁the ▁law ▁did ▁not ▁permit ▁Christians ▁to ▁be ▁raised ▁by ▁Jews , ▁even ▁their ▁own ▁parents . ▁P ius ▁IX ▁stead fast ly ▁refused ▁" to ▁extr ad ite ▁a ▁soul ". ▁C alls ▁to ▁return ▁the ▁child ▁to ▁his ▁parents , ▁from ▁The ▁Times , ▁numerous ▁heads ▁of ▁state ▁including ▁Emperor ▁Franz ▁Josef ▁of ▁Austria - H ung ary ▁and ▁Emperor ▁Napoleon ▁III ▁of ▁France ▁and ▁Amb assador ▁Gram ont , ▁were ▁polit ely ▁rejected . ▁ ▁Foreign ▁relations ▁and ▁effects ▁of ▁Italian ▁un ification ▁ ▁R ising ▁t ide ▁of ▁Italian ▁national ism ▁Italian ▁national ism ▁had ▁been ▁st oked |
▁during ▁the ▁Napole onic ▁period ▁but ▁dashed ▁by ▁the ▁settlement ▁of ▁the ▁Congress ▁of ▁Vienna ▁( 1 8 1 4 – 1 5 ), ▁which ▁left ▁Italy ▁divided ▁and ▁largely ▁under ▁H abs burg ▁Aust rian ▁dom ination . ▁In ▁ 1 8 4 8 , ▁national ist ▁and ▁liberal ▁revolution s ▁began ▁to ▁break ▁out ▁across ▁Europe ; ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 9 , ▁a ▁Roman ▁Republic ▁was ▁declared ▁and ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁IX ▁fled ▁the ▁city . ▁Louis ▁Napoleon ▁Bon ap arte , ▁recently ▁elected ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁declared ▁French ▁Second ▁Republic , ▁saw ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁ass u age ▁conserv ative ▁Catholic ▁opinion ▁in ▁France , ▁and ▁in ▁co operation ▁with ▁Austria ▁sent ▁troops ▁to ▁restore ▁Pap al ▁rule ▁in ▁Rome . ▁After ▁some ▁hard ▁fighting ▁( in ▁which ▁Giuseppe ▁Gar ib ald i ▁distinguished ▁himself ▁on ▁the ▁Italian ▁side ), ▁P ius ▁was ▁returned ▁to ▁Rome , ▁and ▁rep ent ing ▁of ▁his ▁previous ▁liberal ▁t endencies ▁purs ued ▁a ▁har sh , ▁conserv ative ▁policy ▁even ▁more ▁repr ess ive ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁his ▁prede cess ors . ▁However , ▁P ius ▁did ▁continue ▁to ▁build ▁rail ro ads , ▁te legraph s , ▁and ▁gas ▁lights . ▁ ▁Press ures ▁from ▁S ardin ia ▁and ▁Sav oy ▁In ▁the ▁years ▁that ▁followed , ▁Italian ▁national ists ▁– ▁both ▁those ▁who ▁wished ▁to ▁un ify ▁the ▁country ▁under ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁S ardin ia ▁and ▁its ▁r uling ▁House ▁of ▁Sav oy ▁and ▁those ▁who ▁fav |
ored ▁a ▁republic an ▁solution ▁– ▁saw ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁as ▁the ▁chief ▁obst acle ▁to ▁Italian ▁unity . ▁Louis ▁Napoleon , ▁who ▁had ▁now ▁seized ▁control ▁of ▁France ▁as ▁Emperor ▁Napoleon ▁III , ▁tried ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁double ▁game , ▁simultaneously ▁forming ▁an ▁al liance ▁with ▁S ardin ia , ▁playing ▁on ▁his ▁famous ▁uncle ' s ▁national ist ▁credentials ▁on ▁the ▁one ▁hand ▁and ▁maintain ing ▁French ▁troops ▁in ▁Rome ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁Pope ' s ▁rights ▁on ▁the ▁other . ▁ ▁Second ▁Italian ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Second ▁Italian ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence , ▁much ▁of ▁northern ▁Italy ▁was ▁un ified ▁under ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Sav oy ' s ▁government ; ▁in ▁the ▁after math , ▁Gar ib ald i ' s ▁expedition ▁of ▁the ▁Th ous and ▁over th rew ▁the ▁Bour bon ▁mon archy ▁in ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁the ▁Two ▁Sic il ies . ▁Af raid ▁that ▁Gar ib ald i ▁would ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁republic an ▁government ▁in ▁the ▁south , ▁the ▁S ard ini ans ▁pet ition ed ▁Napoleon ▁for ▁permission ▁to ▁send ▁troops ▁through ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁to ▁gain ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Two ▁Sic il ies , ▁which ▁was ▁granted ▁on ▁the ▁condition ▁that ▁Rome ▁was ▁left ▁und ist urbed . ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 0 , ▁with ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁region ▁already ▁in ▁re bell ion ▁against ▁Pap al ▁rule , ▁S ardin ia ▁conquer ed ▁the ▁eastern ▁two - third s ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁and |
▁c ement ed ▁its ▁hold ▁on ▁the ▁south . ▁Bolog na , ▁Ferr ara , ▁Um b ria , ▁the ▁March es , ▁B ene vent o ▁and ▁P onte cor vo ▁were ▁all ▁formally ▁an nex ed ▁by ▁November ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁and ▁a ▁un ified ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Italy ▁was ▁declared . ▁The ▁Pap al ▁States ▁were ▁reduced ▁to ▁the ▁Lat ium ▁region ▁surrounding ▁Rome , ▁raising ▁the ▁Roman ▁Question . ▁ ▁Rome ▁declared ▁capital ▁of ▁Italy ▁ ▁Rome ▁was ▁declared ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁Italy ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁when ▁the ▁first ▁Italian ▁Parliament ▁met ▁in ▁the ▁kingdom ' s ▁old ▁capital ▁Tur in ▁in ▁P ied mont . ▁However , ▁the ▁Italian ▁Government ▁could ▁not ▁take ▁possession ▁of ▁its ▁capital , ▁because ▁Napoleon ▁III ▁kept ▁a ▁French ▁g arrison ▁in ▁Rome ▁protect ing ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁IX . ▁By ▁the ▁September ▁Convention ▁of ▁ 1 8 6 4 , ▁Napoleon ▁III ▁agreed ▁to ▁withdraw ▁French ▁forces ▁from ▁Rome ▁in ▁return ▁for ▁Italy ▁respect ing ▁the ▁borders ▁of ▁the ▁r ump ▁Pap al ▁States . ▁French ▁forces ▁were ▁with dra wn ▁by ▁ 1 8 6 6 , ▁but ▁their ▁absence ▁encourag ed ▁Gar ib ald i ▁to ▁launch ▁a ▁renew ed ▁attempt ▁to ▁take ▁Rome ▁and ▁French ▁troops ▁returned , ▁defe ating ▁Gar ib ald i ' s ▁expedition ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁M ent ana . ▁The ▁opportunity ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁last ▁vest ige ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁States ▁came ▁when ▁the ▁Franco - |