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▁used ▁as ▁a ▁tag ging ▁agent ▁by ▁the ▁K GB ▁during ▁the ▁Cold ▁War ▁Soviet ▁Era . ▁▁ ▁Soviet ▁authorities ▁in ▁Moscow ▁track ed ▁Americans ▁by ▁applying ▁an ▁almost ▁invisible ▁pow der ▁to ▁their ▁cl othing , ▁cars , ▁do ork n obs ▁and ▁other ▁objects . ▁Some ▁other ▁variants ▁of ▁" sp y ▁dust " ▁may ▁have ▁contained ▁l umin ol ▁and ▁would ▁g low ▁under ▁ult rav io let ▁light . ▁ ▁History ▁Sp y ▁dust ▁was ▁first ▁discovered ▁in ▁England ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁▁ ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁revealed ▁to ▁the ▁Central ▁Int elligence ▁Agency ▁in ▁Moscow ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁by ▁Alexander ▁Ch rep an ov , ▁a ▁K GB ▁walk ▁in . ▁ ▁Sp y ▁dust ▁was ▁detected ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁in ▁tiny ▁quantities . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁K GB ▁officer ▁Serge i ▁V ot ont so v ▁( Code ▁name ▁GT / CO W L ) ▁provided ▁a ▁ ▁sample ▁of ▁the ▁subst ance . ▁ ▁Soviet ▁def ector ▁V ital y ▁Y urch en ko ▁confirmed ▁the ▁chemical . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁ ▁the ▁pow der ▁ ▁began ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁Moscow ▁in ▁much ▁larger ▁quantities . ▁ ▁Conc ern ed ▁about ▁the ▁health ▁effects ▁of ▁the ▁subst ance , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁State ▁Department ▁public ly ▁protest ed ▁to ▁the ▁S ovi ets . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁determined |
▁that ▁the ▁health ▁threat ▁was ▁low . ▁ ▁Begin ning ▁about ▁ 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 1 5 , ▁a ▁chemical ▁tracking ▁k it ▁for ▁law ▁enfor cement ▁ag encies ▁was ▁developed ▁using ▁N PP D . ▁To ▁detect ▁N PP D ▁a ▁ 0 . 1 % ▁m eth an ol ▁solution ▁of ▁nap h th ores or cin ol ▁is ▁added ▁to ▁a ▁sw ab ▁of ▁the ▁item ▁in ▁question ▁and ▁then ▁concentr ated ▁hydro ch lor ic ▁acid ▁is ▁added . ▁The ▁observation ▁of ▁a ▁red ▁color ▁indicates ▁a ▁positive ▁test . ▁Nap th ores or cin ol ▁was ▁frequently ▁used ▁in ▁early ▁organ ic ▁chem istry ▁investig ations ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁al de hy de ▁groups ▁in ▁solution , ▁a ▁red ▁ad duct ▁is ▁formed ▁in ▁acid ic ▁solution . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : S ov iet ▁Union – Un ited ▁States ▁relations ▁Category : K GB ▁Category : C old ▁War ▁esp ion age ▁Category : Foreign ▁relations ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Category : N it ro ben zen es ▁Category : Al de hy des <0x0A> </s> ▁Central ▁School ▁Camp us , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Central ▁School ▁and ▁De S oto ▁High ▁School , ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁school ▁complex ▁located ▁at ▁De ▁S oto , ▁Jefferson ▁County , ▁Missouri . ▁ ▁The ▁Central ▁School ▁was ▁built ▁about ▁ 1 8 8 2 , ▁and ▁rem ode led ▁into ▁its ▁current ▁form ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁ ▁It ▁is |
▁a ▁ 2 ▁ 1 / 2 - ▁to ▁ 3 - story ▁rect angular ▁brick ▁building . ▁The ▁De S oto ▁High ▁School ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁three - story , ▁text ured ▁brick ▁building ▁with ▁a ▁flat ▁roof ▁and ▁acc ented ▁with ▁lim estone ▁or ▁cast ▁stone ▁orn ament ▁reflect ing ▁the ▁Class ical ▁Rev ival ▁style . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Sch ool ▁buildings ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : Ne oc lass ical ▁architecture ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : Sch ool ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁Category : Sch ool ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Jefferson ▁County , ▁Missouri ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Jefferson ▁County , ▁Missouri ▁Category : 1 8 8 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Missouri <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁National ▁Committee ▁for ▁a ▁Free ▁Germany ▁( , ▁or ▁NK FD ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁anti - N azi ▁organization ▁that ▁operated ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁Naz i ▁Party ▁to ▁power ▁in ▁Germany ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁out law ing ▁of ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Party ▁of ▁Germany ▁( K PD ) ▁and ▁per sec utions ▁of ▁its ▁members , ▁many ▁of ▁whom ▁fled ▁to |
▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁German ▁invasion ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁in ▁Operation ▁Bar bar ossa , ▁German ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁began ▁to ▁fall ▁into ▁Soviet ▁hands . ▁Several ▁attempts ▁to ▁establish ▁an ▁anti - N azi ▁organization ▁from ▁those ▁P OW s ▁were ▁made ▁with ▁little ▁success ▁since ▁most ▁of ▁them ▁still ▁believed ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁victory ▁of ▁the ▁We hr macht . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁German ▁defeat ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁St aling rad , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁German ▁P OW s ▁rose ▁and ▁their ▁belief ▁in ▁a ▁vict orious ▁Germany ▁was ▁dam aged , ▁hence ▁they ▁were ▁more ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁a ▁membership ▁in ▁an ▁anti - N azi ▁organization . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁Alfred ▁Kun ella ▁and ▁Rudolf ▁Herr n stadt ▁began ▁writing ▁a ▁Committee ▁manif esto . ▁This ▁text ▁pra ised ▁historical ▁figures ▁from ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Pr uss ia ▁who ▁had ▁al lied ▁with ▁Imperial ▁Russia ▁against ▁Napoleon ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁Camp aign ▁of ▁ 1 8 1 3 ; ▁figures ▁such ▁as ▁Heinrich ▁Friedrich ▁Karl ▁vom ▁und ▁zum ▁Stein , ▁Carl ▁von ▁Cla use witz ▁and ▁Graf ▁Y or ck ▁were ▁dep icted ▁as ▁exempl ary ▁Germ ans . ▁The ▁National ▁Committee ▁for ▁a ▁Free ▁Germany ▁( N K FD ) ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁K ras nog or sk , ▁near ▁Moscow ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 3 ; ▁its ▁president ▁was ▁the ▁ex iled ▁German ▁commun ist ▁writer |
▁Er ich ▁Wein ert , ▁with ▁his ▁deput ies ▁Lieutenant ▁Heinrich ▁Graf ▁von ▁Eins ied el ▁and ▁Major ▁Karl ▁Het z . ▁Its ▁leadership ▁consisted ▁of ▁ 3 8 ▁members , ▁including ▁ 2 8 ▁We hr macht ▁P OW s ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁ex iled ▁commun ists . ▁ ▁League ▁of ▁German ▁Offic ers ▁▁ ▁After ▁several ▁failed ▁attempts ▁to ▁rec ruit ▁officers ▁into ▁the ▁NK FD , ▁it ▁was ▁suggested ▁by ▁Lieutenant - Col onel ▁Alfred ▁Bret te ▁that ▁a ▁special ▁organization ▁for ▁officers ▁be ▁set ▁up ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁to ▁come ▁in ▁contact ▁with ▁commun ists ▁and ▁common ▁soldiers . ▁ ▁Two ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁the ▁NK FD , ▁the ▁League ▁of ▁German ▁Offic ers ▁( B und ▁Deutsch er ▁Off izi ere , ▁or ▁B DO ) ▁was ▁founded ; ▁its ▁leader ▁was ▁General ▁Wal ther ▁von ▁Se yd l itz - K urz bach . ▁The ▁main ▁task ▁of ▁the ▁B DO ▁was ▁to ▁deliver ▁propag anda ▁aim ed ▁at ▁the ▁German ▁armed ▁forces . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁officers ▁held ▁as ▁Soviet ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁eventually ▁joined ▁the ▁B DO , ▁the ▁most ▁prominent ▁of ▁them ▁being ▁Field - Mar shal ▁Friedrich ▁Paul us , ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Six th ▁Army ▁captured ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁St aling rad . ▁The ▁B DO ▁later ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁NK FD . ▁ ▁Ide ology ▁▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁NK FD ▁operated ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁and ▁consisted ▁partly ▁of ▁commun ists , ▁it |
▁used ▁conserv ative ▁symbols ▁and ▁ide ology . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁old ▁flag ▁colors ▁of ▁Imperial ▁Germany ▁( black , ▁white ▁and ▁red ) ▁were ▁used ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁We imar ▁German ▁( black , ▁red ▁and ▁gold ), ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁expected ▁to ▁be ▁more ▁popular ▁among ▁officers ▁and ▁soldiers ▁of ▁the ▁conserv ative ▁We hr macht . ▁The ▁stated ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁NK FD ▁organisation ▁was ▁a ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁borders ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁negoti ations ▁for ▁peace , ▁and ▁the ▁depos ing ▁and ▁pun ishment ▁of ▁the ▁Naz i ▁leadership . ▁It ▁also ▁called ▁for ▁the ▁pres ervation ▁of ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁We hr macht . ▁The ▁NK FD ▁believed ▁that ▁German ▁civ ili ans ▁and ▁soldiers ▁had ▁to ▁place ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁nation ▁above ▁those ▁of ▁their ▁Naz i ▁leaders . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁war ▁progress ed ▁and ▁it ▁became ▁increasing ly ▁clear ▁that ▁an ▁anti - N azi ▁coup ▁would ▁not ▁occur , ▁the ▁NK FD ' s ▁ide ological ▁line ▁became ▁more ▁left ist , ▁and ▁eventually ▁identical ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁K PD . ▁ ▁Activity ▁ ▁NK FD ▁and ▁B DO ▁activity ▁focused ▁on ▁propag anda ▁and ▁had ▁their ▁own ▁newspaper ▁and ▁radio ▁station . ▁They ▁sent ▁leaf lets ▁to ▁German ▁soldiers ▁on ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Front ▁and ▁to ▁P OW s ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁cam ps . ▁Red ▁Army ▁Major ▁Lev ▁K ope lev ▁described ▁the ▁joint ▁psych ological ▁war fare ▁at ▁Gr ud |
zi ą dz ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁by ▁the ▁Red ▁Army ▁and ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁NK FD . ▁General ▁Se yd l itz - K urz bach ▁offered ▁to ▁raise ▁an ▁anti - H it ler ▁army ▁from ▁NK FD ▁and ▁B DO ▁members ▁to ▁fight ▁against ▁the ▁Naz is , ▁but ▁the ▁Soviet ▁side ▁rejected ▁their ▁offer . ▁ ▁Some ▁NK FD ▁members ▁were ▁attached ▁to ▁front - line ▁Soviet ▁units ▁to ▁inter rog ate ▁German ▁P OW s ▁and ▁for ▁propag anda ▁purposes . ▁O thers ▁fought ▁behind ▁the ▁German ▁lines ▁alongside ▁Soviet ▁part isan ▁units . ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁very ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁war ▁so - called ▁Se yd l itz - T ro ops ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁German ▁lines ▁in ▁uniform ▁with ▁orders ▁to ▁bl end ▁in ▁with ▁the ▁def enders ▁and ▁spread ▁confusion . ▁Some ▁rejo ined ▁their ▁former ▁com r ades ▁and ▁others ▁followed ▁their ▁orders . ▁Many ▁were ▁caught ▁and ▁executed . ▁As ▁the ▁Red ▁Army ▁entered ▁Germany , ▁some ▁NK FD ▁members ▁were ▁appointed ▁as ▁officials ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁occupation ▁zone . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁Fre ies ▁Deutschland ▁was ▁the ▁week ly ▁newspaper ▁of ▁the ▁NK FD , ▁published ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁Post - W ar ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁Naz i ▁Germany , ▁NK FD ▁members ▁mostly ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Soviet ▁occupation ▁zone ▁in ▁Germany ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁key ▁role ▁in ▁building ▁the ▁German |
▁Democratic ▁Republic . ▁Some ▁B DO ▁members ▁had ▁a ▁key ▁role ▁in ▁building ▁the ▁National ▁People ' s ▁Army , ▁while ▁others ▁( like ▁Se yd l itz ), ▁were ▁pro sec uted ▁as ▁war ▁crim inals . ▁ ▁Notable ▁members ▁▁ ▁Anton ▁A ck ermann ▁Wilhelm ▁Adam ▁Johannes ▁R . ▁Be cher ▁Ger hard ▁Be ch ly ▁Will i ▁B red el ▁Heinrich ▁Graf ▁von ▁Eins ied el ▁Peter ▁G ing old ▁Alfred ▁K ure lla ▁Ar no ▁von ▁L ens ki ▁Wolfgang ▁Leon hard ▁V inc enz ▁Müller ▁Friedrich ▁Paul us ▁Wilhelm ▁P ieck ▁Hermann ▁R ent z sch ▁Wil ly ▁R ied el ▁Wal ther ▁von ▁Se yd l itz - K urz bach ▁Walter ▁Ul br icht ▁Gustav ▁von ▁W angen heim ▁Er ich ▁Wein ert ▁Otto ▁Win zer ▁Friedrich ▁Wolf ▁Mark us ▁Wolf ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Committee ▁for ▁the ▁Liber ation ▁of ▁the ▁Pe op les ▁of ▁Russia ▁Lev ▁K ope lev ▁Japanese ▁People ' s ▁E man cip ation ▁League ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Lev ▁K ope lev , ▁To ▁Be ▁Pres erved ▁Fore ver ▁(" Х ра ни ть ▁ве чно "), ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁ ▁Category : Organ izations ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁Category : G erman ▁resistance ▁to ▁Naz ism ▁▁ ▁Category : Comm un ist ▁Party ▁of ▁Germany ▁Category : Organ izations ▁based ▁in ▁Moscow ▁Category : We hr macht ▁Category : P s ych ological ▁war fare ▁Category : |
S ov iet ▁propag anda ▁organizations ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁East ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Super ▁Cup ▁was ▁a ▁traditional ▁cur tain - ra iser ▁to ▁the ▁Korean ▁football ▁season ▁since ▁its ▁in ception ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁Play ed ▁between ▁the ▁K ▁League ▁champions ▁and ▁Korean ▁FA ▁Cup ▁hold ers , ▁Je on bu k ▁Hy und ai ▁Mot ors ▁are ▁the ▁only ▁non - ch amp ions ▁to ▁have ▁lifted ▁the ▁Super ▁Cup ▁tro phy . ▁ ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁dropped ▁from ▁the ▁Korean ▁football ▁calendar ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . After ▁that , ▁the ▁Def ending ▁Champions ▁of ▁K ▁League ▁and ▁Korean ▁FA ▁Cup ▁are ▁often ▁scheduled ▁to ▁play ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁K ▁League . ▁ ▁Tournament ▁Information ▁D uration : ▁ 1 9 9 9 - 2 0 0 6 ▁Part icip ants : ▁K ▁League ▁Champions ▁& ▁FA ▁Cup ▁w inners ▁Last ▁w inners : ▁U ls an ▁Hy und ai ▁Most ▁wins : ▁Su won ▁S amsung ▁Blue w ings ▁( 3 ) ▁ ▁Title ▁Sp ons ors ▁ ▁Compet ition ▁R ules ▁ ▁League ▁champions ▁versus ▁FA ▁Cup ▁w inners ▁ ▁Match es ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁home ▁ven ue ▁of ▁the ▁league ▁champions ▁ ▁T ie ▁decided ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁with ▁extra ▁time ▁and ▁pen alt ies , ▁if ▁needed ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁Tit les ▁By ▁Season ▁ ▁Tit les ▁By ▁Club ▁ ▁K - Le ague ' s ▁principle ▁of ▁official ▁statistics ▁is ▁that |
▁final ▁club ▁succeed s ▁to ▁prede cess or ▁club ' s ▁history ▁& ▁records . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁K - Le ague ▁ ▁K - Le ague ▁Cup ▁ ▁Korean ▁FA ▁Cup ▁ ▁A FC ▁Champions ▁League ▁ ▁Korean ▁football ▁league ▁system ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁football ▁clubs ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁South ▁Korea ▁- ▁List ▁of ▁Cup ▁W inners , ▁R SS SF . com ▁ ▁Category : K ▁League ▁Super ▁Cup ▁Korea ▁Republic ▁Super ▁Cup ▁Category : Rec urr ing ▁sport ing ▁events ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Category : Rec urr ing ▁events ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁Bush el ’ s ▁Case ▁( 1 6 7 0 ) ▁ 1 2 4 ▁E . R . ▁ 1 0 0 6 ▁( also ▁sp elled ▁Bush ell ' s ▁Case ) ▁is ▁a ▁famous ▁English ▁decision ▁on ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁jur ies . ▁ ▁It ▁also ▁confirmed ▁that ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Common ▁Ple as ▁could ▁issue ▁a ▁writ ▁of ▁habe as ▁cor pus ▁in ▁ordinary ▁criminal ▁cases . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Bush el ' s ▁Case ▁arose ▁from ▁a ▁previous ▁case ▁( The ▁King ▁v . ▁P enn ▁and ▁M ead ▁or ▁Tri al ▁of ▁P enn ▁and ▁M ead , ▁ 6 ▁How . ▁ 9 5 1 ) ▁involving ▁two ▁Qu akers ▁charged ▁with ▁un law ful ▁assembly , ▁William ▁P enn ▁( the ▁future ▁founder ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ) ▁and ▁William ▁M |
ead . ▁They ▁had ▁been ▁arrested ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 6 7 0 ▁for ▁viol ating ▁the ▁Con vent icle ▁Act , ▁which ▁forb ade ▁religious ▁assemb lies ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁five ▁people ▁outside ▁the ▁aus p ices ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁England . ▁The ▁j ury ▁found ▁the ▁two ▁" gu ilty ▁of ▁speaking ▁in ▁Grace ch urch ▁Street " ▁but ▁refused ▁to ▁add ▁" to ▁an ▁un law ful ▁assembly ". ▁The ▁inf uri ated ▁judge ▁charged ▁the ▁j ury ▁that ▁they ▁" sh all ▁not ▁be ▁dismiss ed ▁until ▁we ▁have ▁a ▁ver dict ▁that ▁the ▁court ▁will ▁accept ". ▁ ▁The ▁j ury ▁modified ▁the ▁ver dict ▁to ▁" gu ilty ▁of ▁speaking ▁to ▁an ▁assembly ▁in ▁Grace ch urch ▁Street ", ▁where up on ▁the ▁judge ▁had ▁them ▁locked ▁up ▁over night ▁without ▁food , ▁water ▁or ▁heat . ▁The ▁judge ▁ordered ▁P enn ▁bound ▁and ▁g ag ged . ▁P enn ▁protest ed , ▁shout ing ▁to ▁the ▁j ury , ▁" You ▁are ▁English men , ▁mind ▁your ▁Priv ile ge , ▁give ▁not ▁away ▁your ▁Right ", ▁to ▁which ▁jur or ▁Edward ▁Bush el ▁replied , ▁" N or ▁shall ▁we ▁ever ▁do ." ▁ ▁Finally , ▁after ▁a ▁two - day ▁fast , ▁the ▁j ury ▁returned ▁a ▁not ▁guilty ▁ver dict . ▁The ▁judge ▁f ined ▁the ▁j ury ▁for ▁cont empt ▁of ▁court ▁for ▁returning ▁a ▁ver dict ▁contrary ▁to ▁their ▁own ▁find ings ▁of ▁fact ▁and ▁removed ▁them ▁to ▁prison ▁until |
▁the ▁fine ▁was ▁paid . ▁P enn ▁protest ed ▁that ▁this ▁viol ated ▁Mag na ▁Cart a ▁and ▁was ▁for ci b ly ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁court . ▁▁ ▁Edward ▁Bush el , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁j ury , ▁non eth eless ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁fine . ▁ ▁Dec ision ▁ ▁Bush el ▁pet ition ed ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Common ▁Ple as ▁for ▁a ▁writ ▁of ▁habe as ▁cor pus . ▁Sir ▁John ▁V aug han , ▁Chief ▁Justice ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Common ▁Ple as , ▁initially ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁writ ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁granted , ▁saying ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁King ' s ▁Ben ch ▁that ▁should ▁issue ▁writ s ▁of ▁habe as ▁cor pus ▁in ▁ordinary ▁criminal ▁cases ▁and ▁that ▁Common ▁Ple as ▁could ▁issue ▁the ▁writ ▁only ▁on ▁a ▁claim ▁of ▁privile ge ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁( e . g ., ▁if ▁the ▁pet ition er ▁were ▁an ▁att orney ▁of ▁Common ▁Ple as ); ▁the ▁other ▁just ices ▁issued ▁the ▁writ , ▁however . ▁V aug han ▁ruled ▁that ▁a ▁j ury ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁pun ished ▁simply ▁on ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁ver dict ▁it ▁returned , ▁but ▁that ▁individual ▁jur ors ▁could ▁still ▁be ▁pun ished ▁if ▁it ▁could ▁be ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁acted ▁impro per ly . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Per verse ▁ver dict ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁" The ▁Tri al ▁of ▁William ▁P enn ▁and ▁William ▁M ead , ▁at ▁the ▁Old ▁Ba iley , ▁for ▁a ▁T um ult uous |
▁Assembly ", ▁ 2 2 ▁Charles ▁II . ▁A . ▁D . ▁ 1 6 7 0 , ▁How ell ' s ▁State ▁Tri als , ▁Vol . ▁ 6 , ▁Page ▁ 9 5 1 , ▁at ▁Constitution ▁Society ▁" Case ▁of ▁the ▁Im pr ison ment ▁of ▁Edward ▁Bush ell ▁for ▁alleg ed ▁Mis con duct ▁as ▁a ▁Jur yman ", ▁ 2 2 ▁Charles ▁II . ▁A . ▁D . ▁ 1 6 7 0 , ▁V aug han ' s ▁Re ports , ▁ 1 3 5 , ▁How ell ' s ▁State ▁Tri als , ▁Vol . ▁ 6 , ▁Page ▁ 9 9 9 , ▁at ▁Constitution ▁Society ▁" B et ween ▁Local ▁Know ledge ▁and ▁National ▁Polit ics : ▁Deb ating ▁R ational es ▁for ▁J ury ▁Null ification ▁after ▁Bush ell ’ s ▁Case " ▁by ▁Simon ▁Stern , ▁ 1 1 1 ▁Y ale ▁Law ▁Journal ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ). ▁Rh odes , ▁David . ▁" Life ▁in ▁Crime : ▁Can ▁a ▁Judge ▁ever ▁direct ▁a ▁j ury ▁to ▁conv ict ?" ▁Sol ic itors ▁Journal ▁ 8 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁C ros by , ▁Kevin , ▁" B ush ell ' s ▁Case ▁and ▁the ▁Jur or ' s ▁Soul " ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ 3 3 ( 3 ) ▁Journal ▁of ▁Leg al ▁History ▁ 2 5 1 ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 7 0 ▁in ▁law ▁Category : |
1 6 7 0 ▁in ▁England ▁Category : English ▁criminal ▁case ▁law ▁Category : Leg al ▁history ▁of ▁England ▁Category : J ury ▁null ification ▁Category : J uries ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : C ourt ▁of ▁Common ▁Ple as ▁( Eng land ) ▁cases <0x0A> </s> ▁No . ▁ 1 0 5 ▁Hel ic opter ▁Unit ▁( D aring ▁E ag les ) ▁is ▁a ▁Hel ic opter ▁Unit ▁and ▁is ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁Mil ▁Mi - 8 ▁and ▁based ▁at ▁Gor akh pur ▁Air ▁Force ▁Station . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Ass ign ments ▁ ▁A ircraft ▁Mi - 1 7 ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 1 0 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Arch ae ological ▁Museum ▁of ▁Por os ▁is ▁a ▁museum ▁located ▁on ▁K ory z is ▁Square ▁in ▁Por os , ▁ ▁Greece . ▁ ▁The ▁museum ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁on ▁a ▁plot ▁of ▁land ▁don ated ▁by ▁the ▁K ory z is ▁family . ▁The ▁displays ▁of ▁the ▁museum ▁date ▁from ▁the ▁My c ena e an ▁era ▁to ▁Roman ▁times . ▁ ▁The ▁museum ▁contains ▁a ▁notable ▁collection ▁of ▁arte fact s ▁d ug ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁Arch ae ological ▁School ▁in ▁Tro e zen ▁such ▁as ▁collections ▁of ▁fun er ary ▁st ela e , ▁ancient ▁ins cri ptions ▁and ▁geometric ▁pot tery . ▁The ▁collection ▁also ▁includes ▁exc av ations ▁of ▁the ▁san ctu ary ▁of ▁P ose id on ▁at ▁Kal av re ia , ▁ancient ▁ins cri ptions |
▁and ▁H ellen istic ▁figur ines ▁from ▁Ag ios ▁Konst ant inos ▁in ▁M eth ana ▁and ▁items ▁such ▁as ▁pot tery , ▁bronze ▁vessels ▁and ▁figur ines ▁from ▁the ▁old ▁exc av ations ▁at ▁Herm ione . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁H ellen ic ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Culture ▁and ▁Tour ism ▁/ ▁in ▁Greek ▁ ▁Por os <0x0A> </s> ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁( ), ▁( ), ▁ 2 0 ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 4 – ▁ 8 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Pak ist ani ▁film ▁actress . ▁She ▁started ▁her ▁career ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁industry ▁in ▁British ▁India ▁and ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁Pakistan . ▁She ▁proved ▁her ▁met t le ▁in ▁her ▁emot ional , ▁trag ic ▁roles , ▁her ▁presence ▁on ▁the ▁film ▁screen ▁and ▁her ▁moving ▁dialog ue ▁delivery . ▁She ▁worked ▁in ▁Bol lywood ▁and ▁in ▁Pak ist ani ▁cinema . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁was ▁born ▁into ▁a ▁Si yal ▁K hat ri ▁S ikh ▁family ▁in ▁Raw al p indi , ▁British ▁India , ▁now ▁in ▁Pakistan ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 4 . ▁She ▁did ▁her ▁Senior ▁Cambridge ▁di pl oma ▁from ▁Del hi ▁and ▁then ▁joined ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁and ▁Arts , ▁L uck now . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 0 s , ▁her ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁Bomb ay . ▁She ▁acted ▁in ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 2 ▁mov ies ▁in ▁British ▁India ▁from ▁ 1 |
9 4 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁ ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁later ▁converted ▁to ▁Islam ▁after ▁she ▁married ▁Naz ir ▁Ah med , ▁a ▁famous ▁actor , ▁director ▁and ▁producer ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁She ▁changed ▁her ▁name ▁to ▁S ae eda ▁B ano ▁- ▁a ▁Muslim ▁name . ▁The ▁Sw aran - N az ir ▁pair ▁was ▁a ▁very ▁cre ative ▁couple , ▁ch urn ing ▁out ▁many ▁mov ies ▁together ▁both ▁before ▁and ▁after ▁Part ition ▁of ▁India ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁Film ▁career ▁An ▁exception al ▁and ▁w ond r ous ▁story ▁about ▁how ▁she ▁entered ▁the ▁real m ▁of ▁acting ▁tra ils ▁Sw aran . ▁Her ▁parents ▁died ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁very ▁young ▁and ▁she ▁lived ▁most ▁of ▁her ▁ad oles cent ▁life ▁with ▁her ▁elder ▁brother , ▁whom ▁she ▁rec alls ▁" very ▁strict " ▁on ▁her . ▁However , ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁how ▁she ▁got ▁discovered ▁that ▁Sw aran ▁tells ▁with ▁great ▁passion : ▁" I ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁at ▁a ▁college ▁in ▁L uck now , ▁India . ▁When ▁I ▁was ▁travel ing ▁from ▁Del hi ▁to ▁L uck now , ▁a ▁few ▁film ▁direct ors ▁happened ▁to ▁see ▁me . ▁They ▁approached ▁me ▁to ▁act ▁in ▁films ▁but ▁I ▁was ▁not ▁interested ▁at ▁first . ▁One ▁of ▁them ▁then ▁went ▁to ▁my ▁elder ▁brother ▁with ▁the ▁offer , ▁and ▁to ▁my ▁ut most ▁surprise ▁he ▁agreed ". ▁ ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁started ▁her ▁career |
▁as ▁a ▁stage ▁actress . ▁Her ▁first ▁film ▁was ▁ ▁A wa az ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁Sw aran ▁and ▁Naz ir ▁migr ated ▁to ▁Pakistan ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁Part ition ▁of ▁India ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁They ▁left ▁everything ▁they ▁had ▁behind ▁in ▁Bomb ay ▁and ▁shift ed ▁to ▁L ah ore , ▁Pakistan . ▁The ▁du o ▁had ▁to ▁start ▁from ▁scratch ▁and ▁were ▁considered ▁among ▁the ▁pione ers ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁Pak ist ani ▁film ▁industry . ▁ ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁was ▁the ▁lead ▁actress ▁of ▁Pakistan ' s ▁first ▁ever ▁silver ▁j ub ile e ▁film ▁Ph er ay ▁( 1 9 4 9 ). ▁This ▁film ▁was ▁a ▁P un j abi ▁film ▁but ▁she ▁was ▁comfortable ▁as ▁an ▁Ur du ▁language ▁speaker ▁who ▁was ▁educated ▁in ▁L uck now , ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁Ur du ▁litt ér ateurs . ▁For ▁the ▁film , ▁she ▁was ▁co ached ▁in ▁P un j abi ▁language ▁by ▁B aba ▁Al am ▁S iah pos h , ▁a ▁P un j abi ▁poet , ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ly ric ists ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁songs . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁lead ▁actress , ▁La are y ▁( 1 9 5 0 ), ▁Nau kar ▁( 1 9 5 5 ), ▁He er ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁were ▁her ▁famous ▁films , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁supporting ▁actress , ▁S awa al ▁( 1 9 6 6 ) ▁was ▁her |
▁famous ▁film . ▁From ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁on wards , ▁she ▁cut ▁back ▁her ▁film ▁appearances ▁and ▁mainly ▁shift ed ▁towards ▁supporting ▁roles ▁ ▁until ▁she ▁grace fully ▁retired ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁her ▁lifetime , ▁Sw aran ▁worked ▁with ▁great ▁names ▁like ▁Pr ith vi raj ▁Kap oor ▁and ▁Mot il al ▁in ▁India ▁and ▁with ▁Sant osh ▁K umar , ▁D arp an , ▁In ay at ▁H uss ain ▁Bh atti ▁and ▁Hab ib ▁in ▁Pakistan . ▁ ▁Death ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁died ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 8 3 ▁in ▁L ah ore , ▁Pakistan ▁on ▁ 8 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁She ▁had ▁four ▁children ▁( three ▁daughters ▁and ▁a ▁son ). ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁A wa az ▁( 1 9 4 2 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Tas ve er ▁( 1 9 4 3 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Pr at ig ya ▁( 1 9 4 3 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁I sh ara ▁( 1 9 4 3 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Us ▁Pa ar ▁( 1 9 4 4 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Ra una q ▁( 1 9 4 4 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁R attan ▁( film ) ▁( 1 9 4 4 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁- ▁a ▁career ▁break through ▁film ▁for ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁as ▁an ▁actress ▁and ▁for ▁f amed ▁music ▁director ▁N aus had ▁( N aus had ▁Ali |
) ▁ ▁G har ▁Ki ▁Sh ob ha ▁( 1 9 4 4 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁P reet ▁( 1 9 4 5 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁L ail a ▁Maj nu ▁( 1 9 4 5 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Pr at ima ▁( 1 9 4 5 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Ch and ▁T ara ▁( 1 9 4 5 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁W ama q ▁Az ra ▁( 1 9 4 6 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Sh a am ▁Sa vera ▁( 1 9 4 6 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Ab ida ▁( 1 9 4 7 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁G har bar ▁( 1 9 4 8 ) ▁H indi ▁film ▁ ▁Sach ai ▁( 1 9 4 9 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁Ph er ay ▁( 1 9 4 9 ) ▁a ▁P un j abi ▁language ▁film ▁- ▁Pakistan ' s ▁first - ever ▁' Sil ver ▁j ub ile e ', ▁hit ▁film ▁ ▁An ok hi ▁Da ast an ▁( 1 9 5 0 ) ▁an ▁Ur du ▁language ▁film ▁ ▁La ar ay ▁( 1 9 5 0 ) ▁P un j abi ▁film ▁ ▁B he eg i ▁Pal ken ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁Sh eri ▁Bab u ▁( 1 9 5 3 ) ▁P un j abi ▁film ▁- ▁a ▁career ▁break through ▁film ▁for ▁music ▁director ▁Ras he ed ▁Att re ▁and ▁the |
▁film ▁play back ▁singer ▁Z uba ida ▁Khan um ▁ ▁Kh ato on ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁Nau kar ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁- ▁a ▁' G old en ▁j ub ile e ' ▁hit ▁film ▁with ▁music ▁by ▁the ▁ren owned ▁music ▁director ▁Gh ul am ▁Ah med ▁Ch is ht i ▁( B aba ▁Ch is ht i ) ▁ ▁He er ▁( 1 9 5 5 ▁film ) ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁P un j abi ▁film ▁- ▁a ▁film ▁with ▁many ▁super - hit ▁film ▁songs ▁with ▁music ▁by ▁Saf dar ▁H uss ain ▁ ▁Sab ira ▁( 1 9 5 6 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁S ote eli ▁Ma a ▁( 1 9 5 6 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁No or - e - I sl am ▁( 1 9 5 7 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁Sh ama ▁( 1 9 5 9 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁B illo ▁Je e ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ▁P un j abi ▁film ▁ ▁Az mat - e - I sl am ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁S awa al ▁( 1 9 6 6 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁- ▁a ▁hit ▁musical ▁film ▁with ▁music ▁by ▁Ras he ed ▁Att re ▁ ▁D uni ya ▁Na ▁Man ey ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁Ur du ▁film ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁L ol lywood |
▁actors ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁, ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁film ography ▁on ▁IMDb ▁website ▁ ▁Film ography ▁of ▁actress ▁Sw aran ▁L ata ▁on ▁Complete ▁Index ▁To ▁World ▁Film ▁( C IT WF ) ▁website ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁British ▁India ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Raw al p indi ▁District ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁L ah ore ▁Category : P ak ist ani ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : Con ver ts ▁to ▁Islam ▁from ▁S ikh ism ▁Category : P oth oh ari ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Pak ist ani ▁actress es <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 2 6 0 9 ▁/ ▁ 1 0 ▁Mang al ore ▁Central ▁- ▁Co imb atore ▁J unction ▁Inter city ▁Express ▁is ▁a ▁Super fast ▁express ▁train ▁belonging ▁to ▁Indian ▁Rail ways ▁Southern ▁Railway ▁zone ▁that ▁runs ▁between ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁in ▁India . ▁ ▁It ▁oper ates ▁as ▁train ▁number ▁ 2 2 6 0 9 ▁from ▁ ▁to ▁ ▁and ▁as ▁train ▁number ▁ 2 2 6 1 0 ▁in ▁the ▁reverse ▁direction ▁serving ▁the ▁states ▁of ▁ ▁K arn ata ka , ▁Ker ala ▁& ▁T amil ▁N adu . ▁ ▁Co aches ▁The ▁ 2 2 6 0 9 ▁/ ▁ 1 0 ▁Mang al ore ▁Central ▁- ▁Co imb atore ▁J unction ▁Inter city ▁Express ▁has ▁one ▁AC ▁Chair ▁Car , ▁ ▁five |
▁Non ▁AC ▁chair ▁car , ▁ 1 2 ▁general ▁un res erved ▁& ▁two ▁SL R ▁( se ating ▁with ▁lug g age ▁ra ke ) ▁coach es ▁. ▁It ▁does ▁not ▁carry ▁a ▁p antry ▁car ▁coach . ▁ ▁As ▁is ▁custom ary ▁with ▁most ▁train ▁services ▁in ▁India , ▁coach ▁composition ▁may ▁be ▁am ended ▁at ▁the ▁dis cret ion ▁of ▁Indian ▁Rail ways ▁depending ▁on ▁demand . ▁ ▁Service ▁The ▁ 2 2 6 0 9 ▁ ▁- ▁ ▁Inter city ▁Express ▁covers ▁the ▁distance ▁of ▁ ▁in ▁ 7 ▁hours ▁ 2 0 m ins ▁( 5 5 km / hr ) ▁& ▁in ▁ 7 ▁hours ▁ 1 0 m ins ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 2 6 1 0 ▁ ▁- ▁ ▁Inter city ▁Express ▁( 5 7 km / hr ). ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁average ▁speed ▁of ▁the ▁train ▁is ▁above ▁, ▁as ▁per ▁railway ▁rules , ▁its ▁fare ▁includes ▁a ▁Super fast ▁sur charge . ▁ ▁Rout ing ▁The ▁ 2 2 6 0 9 ▁/ ▁ 1 0 ▁Mang al ore ▁Central ▁- ▁Co imb atore ▁J unction ▁Inter city ▁Express ▁runs ▁from ▁ ▁via ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁to ▁. ▁ ▁Tra ction ▁As ▁the ▁route ▁is ▁elect r ified , ▁a ▁ ▁based ▁ ▁W AP - 4 ▁or ▁Roy ap ur am ▁based ▁W AP - 7 ▁electric ▁ ▁locomot ive ▁pull s ▁the ▁train ▁to ▁its ▁destination . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ 2 2 |
6 0 9 ▁Inter city ▁Express ▁at ▁India ▁Rail ▁Info ▁ 2 2 6 1 0 ▁Inter city ▁Express ▁at ▁India ▁Rail ▁Info ▁ ▁Category : Inter city ▁Express ▁( Ind ian ▁Rail ways ) ▁trains ▁Category : Transport ▁in ▁Mang al ore ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁K arn ata ka ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁Ker ala ▁Category : R ail ▁transport ▁in ▁T amil ▁N adu ▁Category : Transport ▁in ▁Co imb atore <0x0A> </s> ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁month - long ▁celebr ation ▁in ▁Ontario ▁each ▁May ▁of ▁the ▁presence ▁and ▁her itage ▁of ▁people ▁with ▁roots ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Asian ▁countries ▁of ▁Afghan istan , ▁India , ▁Pakistan , ▁Bang l adesh , ▁Sri ▁L anka , ▁Nep al , ▁Bh ut an , ▁and ▁the ▁M ald ives . ▁ ▁In ▁Canada , ▁' S outh ▁Asian ' ▁refers ▁to ▁those ▁who ▁have ▁come ▁directly ▁from ▁these ▁countries ▁to ▁Canada ▁( and ▁their ▁descend ants ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁those ▁who ▁have ▁made ▁second ▁and ▁even ▁third ▁migr ations ▁from ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 5 ▁other ▁countries , ▁such ▁as ▁Guy ana , ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Tob ago , ▁Sur in ame , ▁J ama ica , ▁Gu adel oupe , ▁Martin ique ▁and ▁others ▁from ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁from ▁U g anda , ▁Ken ya , ▁T anz ania , ▁and ▁South ▁Africa ▁from ▁Africa , ▁from ▁Europe , ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁South ▁America ▁and |
▁O ce ania . ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁Ind o - Car ib bean ▁Canadian ▁( O SS IC C ) ▁was ▁formed ▁primarily ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁up coming ▁ 1 5 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁Indians ▁to ▁Guy ana ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁O SS IC C ▁continued ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁Ind o - Car ib bean ▁Heritage ▁Day ▁until ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁with ▁interest ▁coming ▁mainly ▁from ▁Ind o - Car ib beans . ▁ ▁In ▁April , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁the ▁Ind o - Tr in idad ian ▁Canadian ▁Association ▁( IT CA ) ▁was ▁formed ▁and ▁immediately ▁started ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁Day ▁celebr ations ▁that ▁year . ▁In ▁that ▁year ▁too , ▁community ▁activ ist ▁Ash a ▁Mah ar aj ▁organized ▁a ▁display ▁of ▁Indian ▁artifact s , ▁the ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Tob ago ▁Association ▁of ▁Ott awa ▁held ▁its ▁first ▁celebr ation , ▁and ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁East ▁Indian ▁Cultural ▁Organ ization ▁head ed ▁by ▁radio ▁host ▁Richard ▁Az iz ▁organized ▁an ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁celebr ation ▁in ▁Toronto . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁IT CA ▁had ▁decided ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁event ▁as ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Day , ▁and ▁held ▁a ▁huge ▁show / display / d ance ▁at ▁the ▁E to b ico ke ▁Olymp ium . ▁It ▁was ▁never ▁an ▁Ind o - Car ib bean ▁for ▁IT CA ▁but ▁always |
▁Indian , ▁meaning ▁all ▁people ▁with ▁roots ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁sub cont inent . ▁ ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁Since ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁IT CA ▁and ▁later ▁the ▁Council ▁for ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁had ▁decided ▁not ▁to ▁make ▁this ▁an ▁Ind o - Car ib bean ▁event . ▁They ▁realized ▁that ▁Ind o - Car ib beans ▁were ▁only ▁about ▁ 1 0 ▁per ▁cent ▁of ▁the ▁" Ind ian " ▁group ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁and ▁if ▁they ▁conf ined ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁to ▁Ind o - Car ib beans ▁it ▁would ▁remain ▁forever ▁a ▁marg inal ▁event . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁IT CA ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁month ▁of ▁May ▁as ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month . ▁At ▁this ▁stage ▁only ▁IT CA ▁and ▁O SS IC C ▁were ▁organ izing ▁events . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁a ▁Council ▁for ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁was ▁in ▁place , ▁composed ▁of ▁people ▁from ▁IT CA , ▁O SS IC C , ▁the ▁Gu yan ese ▁group ▁G E AC , ▁the ▁Hamilton ▁group ▁C IC A ▁and ▁several ▁individuals . ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁mark ing ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁Indians ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁as ▁ 1 8 3 8 ▁when ▁the ▁first ▁land ed ▁in ▁Guy ana , ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁as ▁the ▁year ▁the ▁first ▁Indians ▁( P un j abi ▁S ik hs ▁actually ) ▁arrived ▁in |
▁Canada . ▁ ▁The ▁catch ▁line ▁from ▁the ▁letter head ▁for ▁the ▁Council ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁was ▁" Comm emor ating ▁the ▁ 1 6 2 nd ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁arrival ▁in ▁the ▁Amer icas ▁of ▁the ▁people ▁and ▁her itage ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁sub cont inent ". ▁This ▁included ▁all ▁the ▁groups ▁who ▁are ▁now ▁satisfied ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁South ▁A si ans , ▁such ▁as ▁Indians , ▁Pakistan is , ▁Sri ▁L ank ans ▁etc . ▁ ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁Council ▁tried ▁to ▁attract ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁groups , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁hard ▁sell ▁and ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁usually ▁get ▁a ▁positive ▁response . ▁In ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁the ▁word ▁Indian ▁includes ▁everybody ▁who ▁came ▁from ▁what ▁was ▁then ▁un ited , ▁colonial ▁India . ▁ ▁In ▁Canada ▁it ▁was ▁different . ▁When ▁the ▁word ▁Indian ▁was ▁used , ▁the ▁assumption ▁was ▁that ▁it ▁referred ▁to ▁people ▁who ▁had ▁come ▁from ▁India , ▁if ▁it ▁wasn ' t ▁confused ▁with ▁native ▁Indians . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁P un j abi ▁S ik hs ▁did ▁not ▁relate ▁well ▁to ▁India ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁political ▁problems ▁with ▁that ▁country , ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁see ▁themselves ▁as ▁Indians . ▁ ▁The ▁Pakistan is ▁did ▁not ▁respond ▁to ▁the ▁word ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁or ▁to ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁events . ▁The ▁Sri ▁L ank ans ▁also ▁said ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁Indians ▁and ▁ignored ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month . ▁There ▁were ▁similar |
▁problems ▁with ▁people ▁from ▁Bang l adesh ▁and ▁Nep al . ▁The ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁celebr ation ▁was ▁going ▁now here . ▁ ▁Be coming ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁When ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁was ▁launched ▁at ▁the ▁Sc ar borough ▁C iv ic ▁Centre ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁ke yn ote ▁speaker ▁was ▁Ram inder ▁Gill , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁South ▁Asian ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Parliament . ▁Gill ▁said ▁he ▁would ▁introduce ▁a ▁bill ▁in ▁the ▁legisl ature ▁to ▁legit im ize ▁the ▁event , ▁and ▁he ▁did ▁so ▁later ▁that ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁Gill ▁obtained ▁multi - party ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁bill , ▁but ▁was ▁told ▁the ▁legisl ature ▁would ▁not ▁accept ▁Indian ▁Ar rival ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁because ▁it ▁would ▁cause ▁confusion ▁with ▁the ▁Indian ▁Act ▁and ▁other ▁laws ▁rel ating ▁to ▁native ▁Indians . ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month , ▁and ▁the ▁bill ▁received ▁un anim ous ▁support ▁and ▁was ▁signed ▁into ▁law ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Since ▁then , ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁has ▁grown ▁dram atically . ▁Do z ens ▁of ▁celebr ations ▁take ▁place ▁each ▁year , ▁including ▁events ▁at ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Parliament , ▁the ▁Ger ard ▁Street ▁baz aar , ▁numerous ▁religious ▁and ▁community ▁groups ▁and ▁the ▁media . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁emb rac ed ▁enthus iast ically ▁by ▁the ▁Sri ▁L ank ans , ▁Pakistan is , ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 - |
plus ▁sub groups ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Asian ▁community . ▁E ff ort s ▁are ▁being ▁made ▁to ▁extend ▁the ▁celebr ation ▁throughout ▁Ontario ▁and ▁to ▁other ▁provinces ▁and ▁territ ories ▁in ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁ ▁AN ▁A CT ▁TO ▁PRO CLA IM ▁MA Y ▁AS ▁SO UT H ▁AS I AN ▁H ER IT AGE ▁M ON TH ▁AND ▁MA Y ▁ 5 ▁AS ▁SO UT H ▁AS I AN ▁AR RI VAL ▁DA Y ▁ ▁South ▁Asian ▁imm igr ants ▁began ▁arriv ing ▁in ▁Ontario ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁Working ▁primarily ▁in ▁the ▁saw mill ▁industry , ▁South ▁Asian ▁imm igr ants ▁settled ▁in ▁various ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁province . ▁For ▁South ▁A si ans , ▁the ▁month ▁of ▁May ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁time ▁of ▁celebr ation ▁and ▁comm em oration ▁of ▁their ▁arrival ▁from ▁the ▁Indian ▁sub cont inent ▁to ▁the ▁Amer icas ▁beginning ▁on ▁May ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 8 3 8 . ▁ ▁While ▁most ▁South ▁A si ans ▁came ▁to ▁our ▁country ▁from ▁India , ▁many ▁others ▁came ▁to ▁Ontario ▁from ▁such ▁places ▁as ▁Pakistan , ▁Sri ▁L anka , ▁Bang l adesh , ▁U g anda , ▁Ken ya , ▁South ▁Africa , ▁Maur it ius , ▁F iji , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Tob ago ▁and ▁Guy ana . ▁Today , ▁South ▁A si ans ▁make ▁up ▁a ▁significant ▁proportion ▁of ▁Ontario ' s ▁population ▁and ▁are |
▁proud ▁to ▁draw ▁upon ▁their ▁her itage ▁and ▁trad itions , ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁many ▁aspects ▁of ▁culture , ▁commerce ▁and ▁public ▁service ▁across ▁this ▁province . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁appropriate ▁to ▁recognize ▁and ▁pay ▁t ribute ▁to ▁the ▁contributions ▁South ▁Asian ▁imm igr ants ▁have ▁made , ▁and ▁continue ▁to ▁make , ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁and ▁general ▁w elf are ▁of ▁Ontario . ▁ ▁Therefore , ▁Her ▁Majesty , ▁by ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁advice ▁and ▁consent ▁of ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Ontario , ▁en act s ▁as ▁follows : ▁▁ 1 . ▁ ▁May ▁ 5 ▁in ▁each ▁year ▁is ▁proc laimed ▁as ▁South ▁Asian ▁Ar rival ▁Day . ▁▁ 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁month ▁of ▁May ▁in ▁each ▁year ▁is ▁proc laimed ▁as ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month . ▁▁ 3 . ▁ ▁This ▁Act ▁comes ▁into ▁force ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁it ▁receives ▁Royal ▁Ass ent . ▁▁ 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁short ▁title ▁of ▁this ▁Act ▁is ▁the ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Act , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁British ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁ ▁The ▁South ▁Asian ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁organ ised ▁the ▁concept ▁launch ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Month ▁event ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁at ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons . ▁The ▁event ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁collaboration ▁between ▁City ▁S ik hs , ▁Fa ith s ▁Forum ▁for ▁London , ▁The ▁Grand ▁Tr unk ▁Project ▁and ▁The ▁Part ition ▁Comm em oration ▁Camp aign . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External |
▁links ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Act , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Website ▁dedicated ▁to ▁Ind o - Car ib bean ▁her itage ▁ ▁South ▁Asian ▁Heritage ▁Foundation ▁( active ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Category : A fg han ▁di as por a ▁Category : B ang l ades hi - Can ad ian ▁culture ▁Category : B h ut an ese ▁di as por a ▁Category : Culture ▁of ▁Indian ▁di as por a ▁Category : Culture ▁of ▁Pak ist ani ▁di as por a ▁Category : Comm emor ative ▁months ▁Category : F est iv als ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : Ind o - Can ad ian ▁culture ▁Category : M ald iv ian ▁di as por a ▁Category : May ▁observ ances ▁Category : N ep al ese ▁di as por a ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁Category : P ak ist ani - Can ad ian ▁culture ▁Category : S ri ▁L ank an - Can ad ian ▁culture ▁Category : S outh ▁Asian ▁Canadian ▁culture <0x0A> </s> ▁We ird ▁L on ers ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁comedy ▁television ▁series ▁created ▁by ▁Michael ▁J . ▁We ith orn . ▁ ▁The ▁ 6 - ep is ode ▁first ▁season ▁was ▁ordered ▁straight - to - series ▁by ▁the ▁Fox ▁network ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁series ▁is ▁executive ▁produced ▁by ▁We ith orn ▁and ▁J ake ▁Kas dan . ▁The ▁series ▁premier ed ▁on ▁March ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ |
▁On ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Fox ▁can ce led ▁We ird ▁L on ers ▁after ▁one ▁season . ▁Kevin ▁Re illy , ▁the ▁network ▁President ▁who ▁had ▁ordered ▁the ▁series ▁from ▁We ith orn ' s ▁spec ▁script ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁was ▁fired ▁a ▁few ▁months ▁later ▁leaving ▁the ▁series ▁without ▁a ▁champion ▁at ▁the ▁network . ▁ ▁Prem ise ▁Four ▁people ▁who ▁fear ▁personal ▁relationships ▁are ▁unexpected ly ▁thrust ▁into ▁one ▁another ' s ▁lives ▁and ▁form ▁an ▁unlikely ▁bond ▁while ▁living ▁in ▁a ▁town house ▁in ▁Queens , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Cast ▁Beck i ▁Newton ▁as ▁C ary n ▁Gold far b , ▁a ▁high - str ung ▁dent al ▁h yg ien ist ▁who ▁was ▁engaged ▁to ▁be ▁married ▁but ▁suddenly ▁dec ides ▁to ▁call ▁off ▁her ▁eng agement ▁after ▁a ▁brief ▁fl ing ▁with ▁St osh . ▁Zach ary ▁Knight on ▁as ▁St osh ▁Lew and owski , ▁Eric ' s ▁sle azy ▁cousin , ▁whose ▁woman izing ▁l ifest yle ▁has ▁recently ▁cost ▁him ▁his ▁job . ▁With ▁no ▁job ▁and ▁now here ▁to ▁live , ▁he ▁is ▁forced ▁to ▁move ▁in ▁with ▁his ▁cousin ▁Eric . ▁N ate ▁Tor rence ▁as ▁Eric ▁Lew and owski , ▁a ▁to ll ▁collect or ▁who ▁is ▁suddenly ▁on ▁his ▁own ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁after ▁his ▁father ▁unexpected ly ▁passes ▁away . ▁After ▁the ▁fun eral , ▁his ▁est r anged ▁cousin ▁St osh ▁offers ▁to ▁move ▁in |
▁with ▁him . ▁Me era ▁R oh it ▁K umb h ani ▁as ▁Z ara ▁Sand hu , ▁an ▁ang st - rid den ▁artist , ▁who ▁be fri ends ▁Eric ▁after ▁he ▁bu ys ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁paint ings . ▁ ▁Rec urr ing ▁Sus ie ▁Ess man ▁as ▁Ev ely n ▁Gold far b , ▁C ary n ' s ▁mother . ▁David ▁W ain ▁as ▁Howard , ▁C ary n ' s ▁ex - f ian cé . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁We ird ▁L on ers ▁received ▁mixed ▁reviews , ▁with ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes ▁giving ▁the ▁series ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 4 2 % ▁based ▁on ▁reviews ▁from ▁ 2 4 ▁critics ▁and ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 5 . 5 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 . ▁ ▁Neil ▁G enz ling er ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁gave ▁the ▁series ▁a ▁positive ▁review , ▁stating : ▁"[ We ird ▁L on ers ▁is ] ▁not ▁loud ▁or ▁f ren etic . ▁It ’ s ▁not ▁particularly ▁cutting - edge . ▁It ’ s ▁just ▁fun ny , ▁in ▁a ▁relax ed ▁way ▁that ’ s ▁welcome ▁somehow ▁in ▁a ▁television ▁spectrum ▁full ▁of ▁push iness ▁and ▁intensity ." ▁ ▁G wen ▁I hn at ▁of ▁The ▁A . V . ▁Club ▁wrote ▁a ▁positive ▁review ▁giving ▁the ▁series ▁a ▁" B +" ▁grade . ▁She ▁observed ▁that ▁" What ▁We ird ▁L on ers ▁has ▁in ▁its ▁corner ▁is ▁an ▁appe aling ▁cast ▁and ▁some ▁hard - h itting |
▁TV ▁v ets " ▁and ▁remarked ▁that ▁" Since ▁[ J ake ] ▁Kas dan ▁and ▁[ Michael ▁J .] ▁We ith orn ▁both ▁know ▁their ▁way ▁around ▁a ▁sit com ▁set , ▁it ’ s ▁not ▁a ▁surprise ▁that ▁We ird ▁L on ers ▁soon ▁adds ▁more ▁gravity ▁than ▁most ▁new ▁shows ▁bo ast ▁from ▁right ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁gate ." ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁comedy ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : F ox ▁Broadcast ing ▁Company ▁original ▁programming ▁Category : T ele vision ▁series ▁by ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Fox ▁Television ▁Category : T ele vision ▁shows ▁set ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City <0x0A> </s> ▁El ▁Car men ▁( S anta ▁Cruz ) ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁Boliv ia . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁it ▁had ▁an ▁estimated ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 9 , 3 8 2 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁Department ▁( B ol iv ia ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁election ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 9 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁with ▁one ▁third ▁up ▁for ▁vote ▁and ▁two ▁vac an cies ▁in ▁At ter cl iffe ▁and ▁T ins ley . ▁The ▁election , ▁bo ast ing ▁a ▁record ▁field ▁of ▁candidates , ▁seen ▁Labour ▁win ▁back |
▁all ▁their ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁losses ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁gain ing ▁Hills borough . ▁The ▁R ate pay ers ▁Association ' s ▁failure ▁to ▁contest ▁these ▁elections ▁meant ▁their ▁sole ▁representation ▁on ▁the ▁council , ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁F irth ▁Park ▁coun c ill ors , ▁was ▁lost . ▁Over all ▁turn out ▁was ▁un changed ▁from ▁the ▁previous ▁years , ▁at ▁ 3 1 %. ▁ ▁E lection ▁result ▁ ▁The ▁result ▁had ▁the ▁following ▁consequences ▁for ▁the ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁seats ▁on ▁the ▁Council ▁after ▁the ▁elections : ▁ ▁Ward ▁results ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁English ▁local ▁elections ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 s ▁in ▁She ff ield <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Gr ice ▁" Le fty " ▁D ries ell ▁( born ▁December ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁retired ▁college ▁basketball ▁coach . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁coach ▁to ▁win ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 ▁games ▁at ▁four ▁different ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁schools , ▁D ries ell ▁led ▁the ▁programs ▁of ▁David son ▁College , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland , ▁James ▁Mad ison ▁University , ▁and ▁Georgia ▁State ▁University . ▁ ▁He ▁earned ▁a ▁reputation ▁as ▁" the ▁greatest ▁program ▁builder ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁basketball ." ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁fourth - win ning est ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁college |
▁coach , ▁with ▁ 2 1 ▁seasons ▁of ▁ 2 0 ▁or ▁more ▁wins , ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁conference ▁or ▁conference ▁tournament ▁titles . ▁ ▁D ries ell ▁played ▁college ▁basketball ▁at ▁Duke ▁University . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁in ▁Nor folk , ▁Virginia ▁to ▁Frank ▁D ries ell , ▁a ▁j ew eler ▁who ▁had ▁em igr ated ▁from ▁Germany . ▁In ▁the ▁fourth ▁grade , ▁D ries ell ▁received ▁the ▁nick name ▁" Le fty " ▁for ▁his ▁left ▁ ▁handed ness . ▁He ▁attended ▁Gran by ▁High ▁School ▁and ▁quickly ▁became ▁a ▁star ▁on ▁the ▁basketball ▁team . ▁D ries ell ▁earned ▁the ▁city ' s ▁most ▁out standing ▁player ▁tro phy ▁and ▁All - State ▁recognition ▁while ▁leading ▁Gran by ▁to ▁the ▁Virginia ▁State ▁Basketball ▁Championship . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁tournament ▁M VP , ▁total ing ▁ 5 9 ▁points ▁in ▁three ▁games . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁D ries ell ▁received ▁a ▁full ▁scholar ship ▁to ▁attend ▁Duke ▁University , ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁center ▁on ▁the ▁basketball ▁team ▁under ▁head ▁coach ▁Harold ▁Brad ley . ▁D ries ell ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁education ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁After ▁college ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁D ries ell ▁took ▁an ▁office ▁job ▁with ▁Ford ▁Motor ▁Company . ▁D ries ell |
▁also ▁found ▁time ▁to ▁renew ▁his ▁playing ▁career ▁by ▁joining ▁the ▁Virginia ▁semi - pro ▁ranks , ▁where ▁he ▁once ▁scored ▁ 5 9 ▁points ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁game ▁and ▁earned ▁a ▁try out ▁with ▁the ▁then ▁Min ne apolis ▁L akers ▁( l ater ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁L akers ) ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Basketball ▁Association ▁( N BA ). ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁given ▁a ▁chance ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁co aching ▁profession ▁when ▁his ▁prep ▁al ma ▁mater ▁offered ▁him ▁its ▁junior ▁vars ity ▁position ▁for ▁both ▁football ▁and ▁basketball . ▁After ▁convin cing ▁his ▁wife ▁he ▁could ▁offset ▁a ▁significant ▁pay ▁cut ▁by ▁also ▁s elling ▁World ▁Book ▁Encyclop ed ias ▁part - time , ▁he ▁accepted ▁the ▁job ▁and ▁produced ▁back - to - back ▁un be aten ▁football ▁teams ▁and ▁a ▁city ▁basketball ▁champion ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁two ▁years . ▁ ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁vars ity ▁basketball ▁coach ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁going ▁ 1 5 - 5 ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁traditional ▁in - state ▁basketball ▁power ▁New port ▁News ▁High ▁School . ▁There ▁he ▁inherited ▁a ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁midst ▁of ▁a ▁winning ▁stre ak ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁build ▁to ▁a ▁still - standing ▁state ▁record ▁ 5 7 ▁straight . ▁That ▁un be aten ▁team ▁won ▁the ▁Virginia ▁Group ▁I ▁State ▁Championship , ▁best ing ▁his ▁old ▁Gran by ▁squad ▁with ▁four ▁of ▁his ▁former ▁star ters . ▁ ▁His ▁combined ▁vars ity ▁record ▁at ▁the ▁two ▁schools ▁was ▁ 9 7 - |
1 5 . ▁ ▁David son ▁D ries ell ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁David son ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁During ▁his ▁ten ure ▁his ▁teams ▁won ▁three ▁Southern ▁Conference ▁tournament s ▁and ▁five ▁regular ▁season ▁champion ships , ▁ear ning ▁him ▁the ▁Southern ▁Conference ▁Sport sw rit ers ▁Association ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award ▁four ▁years ▁running ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁An ▁excellent ▁rec ru iter ▁at ▁each ▁of ▁his ▁colleg iate ▁co aching ▁stops , ▁D ries ell ▁land ed ▁Dick ▁S ny der , ▁a ▁first ▁round ▁selection ▁by ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Haw ks . ▁He ▁cin ched ▁his ▁w oo ing ▁of ▁college ▁prospect ▁Don ▁David son ▁by ▁telling ▁him ▁" I ' ll ▁put ▁your ▁name ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁[ of ▁your ▁j er sey ] ". ▁When ▁legend ary ▁NC ▁State ▁head ▁coach ▁Ever ett ▁Case ▁attempted ▁to ▁l ure ▁D ries ell ▁with ▁an ▁assistant ▁position ▁offer ▁Le fty ▁replied , ▁" Co ach , ▁I ▁got ▁a ▁better ▁team ▁than ▁you ▁got . ▁Why ▁would ▁I ▁do ▁that ?" ▁ ▁Maryland ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁h ired ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland ▁at ▁College ▁Park ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁During ▁his ▁intro duct ory ▁press ▁conference ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁he ▁fam ously ▁and ▁bold ly ▁stated ▁that ▁Maryland ▁" has ▁the ▁potential |
▁to ▁be ▁the ▁U CLA ▁of ▁the ▁East ▁Coast ▁or ▁I ▁wouldn ’ t ▁be ▁here ," ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁dominant ▁college ▁basketball ▁program ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁a ▁still ▁un riv aled ▁dynast y . ▁While ▁D ries ell ▁fell ▁short ▁of ▁that ▁over re aching ▁goal , ▁he ▁was ▁successful ▁in ▁leading ▁the ▁Ter rap ins ▁to ▁eight ▁NCAA ▁Tournament ▁appearances , ▁a ▁National ▁Inv itation ▁Tournament ▁( N IT ) ▁championship , ▁two ▁Atlantic ▁Coast ▁Conference ▁regular ▁season ▁champion ships , ▁and ▁one ▁Atlantic ▁Coast ▁Conference ▁tournament ▁championship . ▁Maryland ▁was ▁ranked ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁No . 2 ▁in ▁the ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁rank ings ▁for ▁four ▁consecutive ▁seasons ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 6 ., ▁and ▁produced ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁All - Amer icans , ▁including ▁the ▁Number ▁ 2 ▁pick ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁NBA ▁draft , ▁Len ▁B ias . ▁ ▁D ries ell ▁co ached ▁the ▁Maryland ▁Ter rap ins ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁he ▁signed ▁a ▁can ' t ▁miss ▁prospect ▁sure ▁to ▁domin ate ▁college ▁basketball , ▁ 6 ' ▁ 1 0 " ▁center ▁Mos es ▁Mal one . ▁Instead , ▁Mal one ▁opt ed ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁A BA ▁Ut ah ▁Stars , ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁modern ▁era ▁player ▁to ▁proceed ▁directly ▁from ▁high ▁school ▁into ▁professional ▁basketball ; ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁he |
▁retired , ▁he ' d ▁become ▁a ▁ 1 6 - time ▁A BA ▁and ▁NBA ▁All - Star , ▁three - time ▁NBA ▁M VP , ▁and ▁Na ism ith ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁F amer . ▁ ▁Among ▁other ▁top ▁names ▁during ▁D ries ell ' s ▁Maryland ▁ten ure ▁are ▁NBA ▁stars ▁Tom ▁Mc Mill en , ▁Len ▁El more , ▁John ▁Lucas , ▁Albert ▁King , ▁Buck ▁Williams ▁and ▁Len ▁B ias . ▁B ias ▁was ▁regarded ▁by ▁many ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁draft ▁by ▁the ▁Boston ▁C elt ics ▁as ▁potentially ▁as ▁great ▁or ▁greater ▁than ▁fellow ▁A CC ▁legend ▁at ▁rival ▁University ▁of ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Michael ▁Jordan , ▁then ▁emer ging ▁as ▁an ▁NBA ▁sens ation . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁trag ically ▁the ▁night ▁of ▁his ▁selection . ▁ ▁At ▁Maryland , ▁D ries ell ▁began ▁the ▁now ▁nation wide ▁tradition ▁of ▁Mid night ▁Mad ness . ▁According ▁to ▁long standing ▁NCAA ▁rules , ▁college ▁basketball ▁teams ▁were ▁not ▁permitted ▁to ▁begin ▁practices ▁until ▁October ▁ 1 5 . ▁D ries ell ▁tradition ally ▁began ▁the ▁first ▁practice ▁with ▁a ▁requirement ▁that ▁his ▁players ▁run ▁one ▁mile ▁in ▁six ▁minutes , ▁but ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁players ▁were ▁too ▁fat igu ed ▁to ▁practice ▁effectively ▁immediately ▁afterwards . ▁At ▁ 1 2 : 0 3 a . m . ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁D ries ell ▁held ▁a ▁one - mile ▁run ▁at ▁the ▁track ▁around ▁By rd ▁Stadium |
, ▁where ▁a ▁crowd ▁of ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 f ans ▁had ▁gathered ▁after ▁learning ▁of ▁the ▁un orth odox ▁practice ▁session . ▁The ▁event ▁soon ▁became ▁a ▁tradition ▁to ▁build ▁excitement ▁for ▁the ▁basketball ▁team ' s ▁up coming ▁season . ▁Mid night ▁Mad ness ▁has ▁been ▁adopted ▁by ▁many ▁national ▁programs ▁such ▁as ▁UN C , ▁Kansas , ▁Kentucky , ▁Michigan ▁State ▁and ▁Duke . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁Maryland ▁defeated ▁Ni ag ara , ▁ 1 0 0 – 6 9 ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁N IT ▁championship . ▁D ries ell ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁season ▁att ained ▁the ▁three ▁goals ▁he ▁had ▁set ▁for ▁the ▁program ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁h iring : ▁" n ational ▁prom in ence ", ▁" n ational ▁ranking ", ▁and ▁" a ▁national ▁championship ". ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁D ries ell ▁saved ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁ten ▁children ▁from ▁several ▁burning ▁buildings . ▁He ▁and ▁two ▁other ▁men ▁were ▁sur f ▁fish ing ▁around ▁mid night ▁in ▁Beth any ▁Beach , ▁Del aware ▁when ▁he ▁saw ▁fl ames ▁coming ▁from ▁a ▁se ash ore ▁resort . ▁D ries ell ▁broke ▁down ▁a ▁door ▁and ▁res cu ed ▁several ▁children ▁from ▁the ▁fire ▁that ▁eventually ▁destroyed ▁four ▁town h ouses . ▁An ▁e y ew it ness , ▁Prince ▁George ' s ▁County ▁circuit ▁court ▁Judge ▁Samuel ▁Mel oy , ▁said , ▁" Let ' s |
▁face ▁it , ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁a ▁hero . ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁inj uries ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁mi racle ▁because ▁fire men ▁didn ' t ▁come ▁for ▁at ▁least ▁ 3 0 min utes ." ▁D ries ell ▁said , ▁" Don ' t ▁build ▁me ▁up ▁as ▁any ▁kind ▁of ▁hero . ▁All ▁we ▁did ▁was ▁try ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁k ids ▁out . ▁It ▁was ▁just ▁luck y ▁that ▁we ▁were ▁fish ing ▁right ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁houses ." ▁For ▁these ▁actions , ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Award ▁of ▁Val or . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁A CC ▁Men ' s ▁Basketball ▁Tournament , ▁Maryland ▁was ▁defeated ▁by ▁North ▁Carolina ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁over time ▁ 1 0 3 - 1 0 0 , ▁elimin ating ▁it ▁from ▁particip ating ▁in ▁that ▁season ' s ▁NCAA ▁basketball ▁tournament . ▁Many ▁consider ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁greatest ▁college ▁basketball ▁games ▁of ▁all ▁time . ▁NC ▁State ▁eventually ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁National ▁Championship , ▁with ▁Maryland ▁finishing ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁poll . ▁ ▁One ▁great ▁team ▁knock ing ▁the ▁other ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament ▁prompt ed ▁its ▁officials ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁land mark ▁decision ▁the ▁next ▁year , ▁expand ing ▁its ▁field ▁from ▁ 2 3 ▁to ▁ 3 2 ▁teams , ▁thereby ▁potentially ▁opening ▁the ▁door ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁one ▁team ▁from ▁a ▁conference |
. ▁ ▁Today , ▁that ▁field ▁has ▁been ▁en larg ed ▁to ▁ 6 8 ▁teams . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁D ries ell ▁led ▁the ▁team ▁to ▁the ▁school ' s ▁second ▁A CC ▁Tournament ▁Championship . ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁university ▁gave ▁D ries ell ▁a ▁ten - year ▁contract ▁extension . ▁ ▁Ear lier ▁that ▁same ▁year , ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁made ▁an ▁Honor ary ▁M ▁Club ▁member . ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁Ter rap in ▁star ▁B ias ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁c oca ine - indu ced ▁heart ▁attack . ▁A ▁subsequent ▁investigation ▁revealed ▁that ▁B ias ▁had ▁exha usted ▁all ▁his ▁athlet ic ▁el ig ibility ▁yet ▁was ▁still ▁ 2 1 ▁cred its ▁short ▁of ▁a ▁degree . ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁D ries ell ▁res igned ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁and ▁took ▁a ▁position ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁athlet ic ▁director . ▁He ▁also ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁television ▁anal yst ▁during ▁college ▁basketball ▁games . ▁Some ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁media ▁widely ▁described ▁D ries ell ▁as ▁a ▁sc ap ego at ▁of ▁ch an cell or ▁John ▁B . ▁S la ugh ter ▁and ▁the ▁university ▁administration . ▁ ▁James ▁Mad ison ▁D ries ell ▁res umed ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁James ▁Mad ison ▁University ▁D uk es ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁stay ing ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 6 |
. ▁ ▁His ▁teams ▁captured ▁five ▁Col onial ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁regular ▁season ▁champion ships , ▁one ▁tournament ▁championship , ▁and ▁an ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament . ▁ ▁Georgia ▁State ▁D ries ell ▁then ▁moved ▁to ▁Georgia ▁State , ▁which ▁he ▁led ▁to ▁four ▁Atlantic ▁Sun ▁Conference ▁regular ▁season ▁champion ships ▁and ▁one ▁tournament ▁championship ▁in ▁six ▁years . ▁He ▁retired ▁from ▁co aching ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁his ▁ 4 1 st ▁season ▁as ▁a ▁head ▁coach , ▁ranked ▁No . 4 ▁in ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁wins ▁behind ▁only ▁Dean ▁Smith , ▁Ad olph ▁Ru pp , ▁and ▁Bob ▁Knight . ▁D ries ell ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁basketball ▁coach ▁to ▁win ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 0 0 g ames ▁at ▁four ▁different ▁colleg es . ▁D ries ell ▁led ▁four ▁of ▁his ▁squad s ▁to ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament ' s ▁El ite ▁E ight , ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁ever ▁advance ▁to ▁its ▁Final ▁Four . ▁D ries ell ' s ▁final ▁record ▁was ▁ 7 8 6 – 3 9 4 . ▁ ▁Hon ors ▁and ▁awards ▁D ries ell ▁earned ▁conference ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁hon ors ▁at ▁each ▁of ▁his ▁destin ations . ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁Southern ▁Conference ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁four ▁times ▁at ▁David son ▁( 1 9 6 3 – 1 9 6 6 ), ▁twice ▁named ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Coast ▁Conference ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁at ▁Maryland ▁( 1 |
9 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 ), ▁twice ▁named ▁the ▁Col onial ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁at ▁James ▁Mad ison ▁( 1 9 9 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 2 ), ▁and ▁once ▁named ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Sun ▁Conference ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁at ▁Georgia ▁State ▁( 2 0 0 1 ). ▁ ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Award ▁of ▁Val or ▁for ▁helping ▁save ▁lives ▁from ▁a ▁July ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁structure ▁fire . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Virginia ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁induct ed ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁class ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Colleg iate ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland ▁Athlet ic ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁induct ed ▁D ries ell ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁induct ed ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁class ▁of ▁the ▁Ham pton ▁Ro ads ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame , ▁which ▁hon ors ▁athlet es , ▁coach es , ▁and ▁administr ators ▁who ▁made ▁contributions ▁to ▁sports ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁Virginia . ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Southern ▁Conference ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ |
▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Georgia ▁State ▁University ▁dedicated ▁their ▁basketball ▁court ▁to ▁D ries ell . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁first ▁annual ▁Le fty ▁D ries ell ▁Award ▁for ▁the ▁best ▁def ensive ▁player ▁in ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁basketball ▁was ▁best owed ▁upon ▁its ▁first ▁recip ient , ▁Jar vis ▁V arn ado ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁State . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland ▁hung ▁a ▁b anner ▁in ▁the ▁X fin ity ▁Center ▁to ▁honor ▁his ▁career ▁at ▁the ▁university . ▁Le fty ▁accepted ▁the ▁honor ▁alongside ▁of ▁numerous ▁former ▁players , ▁assistant ▁coach es , ▁and ▁family . ▁ ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁nominated ▁numerous ▁times ▁for ▁the ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame , ▁receiving ▁wide ▁support ▁from ▁contempor aries . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁D ries ell ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁induction ▁into ▁the ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁formally ▁induct ed ▁on ▁September ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁While ▁a ▁student ▁at ▁Duke ▁University , ▁D ries ell ▁el oped ▁with ▁his ▁wife , ▁Joy ce ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁The ▁two ▁had ▁met ▁while ▁in ▁the ▁nin th ▁and ▁e ighth ▁gr ades , ▁respectively . ▁The ▁couple ▁has ▁four ▁children . ▁His ▁son , ▁Ch uck , ▁was ▁h ired ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁on ▁the ▁Maryland ▁co aching ▁staff ▁under ▁Gary |
▁Williams ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁and ▁served ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 5 , ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁basketball ▁coach ▁at ▁The ▁Cit adel . ▁Ch uck ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁for ▁his ▁father , ▁while ▁at ▁J M U . ▁While ▁co aching ▁under ▁his ▁father , ▁saw ▁first hand ▁just ▁how ▁hard ▁his ▁d ad ▁worked . ▁" D ad ▁gave ▁me ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁responsibility , ▁and ▁we ▁worked ▁hard . ▁As ▁a ▁son ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁player , ▁I ' m ▁not ▁sure ▁I ▁understood ▁how ▁hard ▁he ▁worked . ▁I ▁figured ▁it ▁out ▁pretty ▁quickly ." ▁Ch uck ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁M aret ▁School ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁three ▁daughters , ▁Pam , ▁is ▁a ▁past or ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church ▁in ▁Atlanta . ▁D ries ell ▁is ▁a ▁Pres by ter ian , ▁but ▁has ▁often ▁attended ▁churches ▁affili ated ▁with ▁other ▁Christian ▁denomin ations . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁D ries ell ▁retired ▁to ▁Virginia ▁Beach , ▁Virginia ▁with ▁his ▁wife . ▁ ▁Head ▁co aching ▁record ▁ ▁College ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁college ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁with ▁ 6 0 0 ▁wins ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Georgia ▁State ▁bio ▁( arch ived ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 2 ) ▁College ▁playing ▁statistics ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : |
L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁German ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁Pres by ter ians ▁Category : B asketball ▁coach es ▁from ▁Virginia ▁Category : B asketball ▁players ▁from ▁Virginia ▁Category : Col lege ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁head ▁coach es ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : David son ▁Wild c ats ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : D u ke ▁Blue ▁Dev ils ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : Ge org ia ▁State ▁Pan thers ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : High ▁school ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : James ▁Mad ison ▁D uk es ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : M ary land ▁Ter rap ins ▁athlet ic ▁direct ors ▁Category : M ary land ▁Ter rap ins ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : Na ism ith ▁Memorial ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁induct ees ▁Category : National ▁Colleg iate ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁induct ees ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Nor folk , ▁Virginia ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Virginia ▁Beach , ▁Virginia ▁Category : Cent ers ▁( b asketball ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁National ist ▁fa ction ▁() ▁or ▁Reb el ▁fa ction ▁() ▁was ▁a ▁major ▁fa ction ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁It ▁was ▁composed ▁of ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁right - wing ▁political ▁groups ▁that ▁supported ▁the ▁Spanish ▁coup ▁of ▁July |
▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁against ▁the ▁Second ▁Spanish ▁Republic , ▁including ▁the ▁Fal ange , ▁the ▁C ED A , ▁and ▁two ▁rival ▁monarch ist ▁claim ants : ▁the ▁Alf ons ist ▁Ren ov ación ▁Españ ola ▁and ▁the ▁Car list ▁Trad itional ist ▁Comm union . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁all ▁the ▁groups ▁were ▁merged ▁into ▁the ▁F ET ▁y ▁de ▁las ▁J ON S . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁coup , ▁General ▁Francisco ▁Franco , ▁would ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁the ▁fa ction ' s ▁earlier ▁leaders ▁head ▁the ▁National ists ▁throughout ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁war ▁and ▁emer ge ▁as ▁the ▁dict ator ▁of ▁Spain ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁National ists ▁or ▁National s ▁() ▁was ▁co ined ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Go ebb els ▁following ▁the ▁visit ▁of ▁the ▁c land est ine ▁Spanish ▁deleg ation ▁led ▁by ▁Captain ▁Francisco ▁Ar ran z ▁request ing ▁war ▁material ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁give ▁a ▁clo ak ▁of ▁legit im acy ▁to ▁Naz i ▁Germany ' s ▁help ▁to ▁the ▁Spanish ▁re bel ▁military . ▁The ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁re bel ▁fa ction , ▁who ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁denomin ated ▁as ▁' C rus aders ' ▁by ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Sal aman ca ▁En rique ▁Pla ▁y ▁Den iel ▁— and ▁also ▁used ▁the ▁term ▁Cruz ada ▁for ▁their ▁campaign — ▁immediately ▁took ▁a ▁lik ing ▁to ▁it |
. ▁▁ ▁The ▁term ▁B ando ▁nacional ▁— m uch ▁as ▁the ▁term ▁ro jos ▁( R eds ) ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁loyal ists — ▁is ▁considered ▁by ▁some ▁authors ▁as ▁a ▁term ▁linked ▁with ▁the ▁propag anda ▁of ▁that ▁fa ction . ▁Through out ▁the ▁civil ▁war ▁the ▁term ▁' National ist ' ▁was ▁mainly ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁members ▁and ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁the ▁re bel ▁fa ction , ▁while ▁its ▁oppon ents ▁used ▁the ▁terms ▁fasc istas ▁( f asc ists ) ▁or ▁fac cios os ▁( sect ari ans ) ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁this ▁fa ction . ▁ ▁Bell iger ents ▁The ▁military ▁re bell ion ▁found ▁wide ▁areas ▁of ▁support ▁both ▁inside ▁Spain ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁international ▁sphere . ▁In ▁Spain ▁the ▁Franco ist ▁side ▁was ▁mainly ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁pre domin antly ▁conserv ative ▁upper ▁class , ▁liberal ▁profession als , ▁religious ▁organizations ▁and ▁land - own ing ▁far mers . ▁It ▁was ▁mostly ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁rural ▁areas ▁where ▁progress ive ▁political ▁movements ▁had ▁made ▁few ▁in ro ads , ▁such ▁as ▁great ▁sw ath es ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁Mes eta , ▁including ▁almost ▁all ▁of ▁Old ▁Cast ile , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁La ▁Rio ja , ▁Navar ra , ▁A lava , ▁the ▁area ▁near ▁Zar ago za ▁in ▁Arag on , ▁most ▁of ▁Gal icia , ▁parts ▁of ▁C á cer es ▁in ▁Ext rem ad ura ▁and ▁many ▁dispers ed ▁po ckets ▁in ▁rural ▁And al uc ía ▁where ▁the ▁local ▁society |
▁still ▁followed ▁ancient ▁traditional ▁patterns ▁and ▁was ▁yet ▁un touch ed ▁by ▁" mod ern " ▁thought . ▁ ▁Political ▁groups ▁Polit ically ▁this ▁fa ction ▁r al lied ▁together ▁various ▁parties ▁and ▁organizations ▁which ▁in ▁some ▁cases ▁esp oused ▁opposed ▁ide ologies , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ ▁conserv ative ▁C ED A ▁and ▁Ale j andro ▁L err oux ' s ▁radical s ▁( li ber als ), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Fal ang ists , ▁C athol ics ▁and ▁pro - Mon arch ic ▁movements ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Agr ar istas ▁and ▁the ▁Car list as ▁( Re quet és ). ▁ ▁Fal ange ▁ ▁The ▁Fal ange ▁Españ ola ▁was ▁originally ▁a ▁Spanish ▁fasc ist ▁political ▁party ▁founded ▁by ▁José ▁Antonio ▁Pr imo ▁de ▁River a , ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Spanish ▁leader ▁Miguel ▁Pr imo ▁de ▁River a . ▁The ▁Fal ange ▁was ▁created ▁with ▁the ▁financial ▁assistance ▁of ▁Alf ons ist ▁monarch ist ▁fund ing . ▁Upon ▁being ▁formed , ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁was ▁officially ▁anti - cler ical ▁and ▁anti - mon arch ist . ▁As ▁a ▁land owner ▁and ▁arist ocrat , ▁Pr imo ▁de ▁River a ▁assured ▁the ▁upper ▁classes ▁that ▁Spanish ▁fasc ism ▁would ▁not ▁get ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁control ▁like ▁its ▁equival ents ▁in ▁Germany ▁and ▁Italy . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁pro - N azi ▁J unt as ▁de ▁Of ens iva ▁Nacional - S ind ical ista ▁of ▁Ram iro ▁L edes ma |
▁Ram os , ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁Españ ola ▁de ▁las ▁J ON S . ▁ ▁Initial ly , ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁was ▁short ▁of ▁funds ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁small ▁student - based ▁movement ▁that ▁pre ached ▁of ▁a ▁u top ian ▁violent ▁national ist ▁revolution . ▁The ▁Fal ange ▁committed ▁acts ▁of ▁violence ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁war , ▁including ▁becoming ▁involved ▁in ▁street ▁b raw ls ▁with ▁their ▁political ▁oppon ents ▁that ▁helped ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁law less ness ▁that ▁the ▁right - wing ▁press ▁bl amed ▁on ▁the ▁republic ▁to ▁support ▁a ▁military ▁u pr ising . ▁Fal ang ist ▁terror ▁squad s ▁sought ▁to ▁create ▁an ▁atmosphere ▁of ▁dis order ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁justify ▁the ▁im position ▁of ▁an ▁author itar ian ▁regime . ▁With ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁middle - class ▁dis ill usion ment ▁with ▁the ▁C ED A ' s ▁legal ism , ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁expanded ▁rapidly . ▁By ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁the ▁total ▁Fal ang ist ▁volunte ers ▁number ed ▁at ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0 , ▁account ing ▁for ▁ 5 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁all ▁civil ian ▁forces ▁of ▁the ▁National s . ▁ ▁Fal ange ▁Españ ola ▁de ▁las ▁J ON S ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁coup ▁d ' état ▁against ▁the ▁republic , ▁the ▁other ▁being ▁the ▁Car lists . ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁José ▁Antonio ▁Pr imo ▁de ▁River a , ▁Manuel ▁Hed |
illa ▁sought ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Fal ange , ▁but ▁this ▁was ▁us ur ped ▁by ▁Franco ▁who ▁sought ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁movement ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁move ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁fa ction . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁Franco ▁announced ▁a ▁dec ree ▁of ▁un ification ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁political ▁movements , ▁particularly ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁and ▁the ▁Car lists ▁into ▁a ▁single ▁movement , ▁nomin ally ▁still ▁the ▁Fal ange , ▁under ▁his ▁leadership , ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁Fal ange ▁Españ ola ▁Trad icional ista ▁y ▁de ▁las ▁J ON S . ▁Both ▁Fal ang ists ▁and ▁Car lists ▁were ▁initially ▁fur ious ▁at ▁the ▁decision , ▁Fal ang ists ▁in ▁particular ▁saw ▁their ▁ide ological ▁role ▁as ▁being ▁us ur ped ▁by ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁and ▁their ▁" re volution " ▁being ▁in def initely ▁post pon ed . ▁ ▁Upon ▁un ification ▁and ▁se iz ure ▁of ▁leadership ▁by ▁Franco , ▁Franco ▁dist anced ▁the ▁party ▁from ▁fasc ism ▁and ▁declared ▁" The ▁Fal ange ▁does ▁not ▁consider ▁itself ▁fasc ist ; ▁its ▁founder ▁said ▁so ▁personally ." ▁After ▁this ▁announ cement , ▁the ▁practice ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁fa ction ▁of ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁as ▁" f asc ists " ▁disappeared ▁by ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁but ▁Franco ▁did ▁not ▁den y ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁fasc ists ▁within ▁the ▁Fal ange . ▁Franco ▁declared ▁that ▁the ▁Fal ange ' s ▁goal ▁was ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁the ▁" |
gre at ▁neutral ▁mass ▁of ▁the ▁una ff ili ated ," ▁and ▁promised ▁that ▁no ▁ide ological ▁rig id ity ▁would ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁inter f ere ▁with ▁the ▁goal . ▁Under ▁Franco ' s ▁leadership , ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁abandoned ▁the ▁previous ▁ant ic ler ical ▁t endencies ▁of ▁José ▁Antonio ▁Pr imo ▁de ▁River a ▁and ▁instead ▁promoted ▁ne ot rad itional ist ▁National ▁Catholic ism , ▁though ▁it ▁continued ▁to ▁critic ize ▁Catholic ▁pac if ism . ▁Franco ' s ▁Fal ange ▁also ▁abandoned ▁host ility ▁to ▁capital ism , ▁with ▁Fal ange ▁member ▁Ra im undo ▁Fernández - C u esta ▁declaring ▁that ▁Fal ange ' s ▁national ▁synd ical ism ▁was ▁fully ▁compatible ▁with ▁capital ism . ▁ ▁C ED A ▁ ▁The ▁Spanish ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁Aut onom ous ▁Right - wing ▁Gr oups , ▁C ED A , ▁was ▁a ▁Catholic ▁right - wing ▁political ▁organization ▁dedicated ▁to ▁anti - Mar x ism . ▁ ▁The ▁C ED A ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁José ▁María ▁Gil - Rob les ▁y ▁Qu i ñ ones . ▁The ▁C ED A ▁claimed ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁def ending ▁Spain ▁and ▁" Christ ian ▁civil ization " ▁from ▁Marx ism , ▁and ▁claimed ▁that ▁the ▁political ▁atmosphere ▁in ▁Spain ▁had ▁made ▁politics ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁Marx ism ▁versus ▁anti - Mar x ism . ▁With ▁the ▁advent ▁of ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁Naz i ▁Party ▁to ▁power ▁in ▁Germany , ▁the ▁C ED A ▁aligned ▁itself ▁with ▁similar ▁propag anda ▁p |
lo ys ▁to ▁the ▁Naz is , ▁including ▁the ▁Naz i ▁emphas is ▁on ▁authority , ▁the ▁father land , ▁and ▁hierarchy . ▁Gil - Rob les ▁attended ▁in ▁audience ▁at ▁the ▁Naz i ▁Party ▁r ally ▁in ▁N ure m berg ▁and ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁it , ▁hence for th ▁becoming ▁committed ▁to ▁creating ▁a ▁single ▁anti - Mar x ist ▁counter re volution ary ▁front ▁in ▁Spain . ▁Gil - Rob les ▁declared ▁his ▁intention ▁to ▁" g ive ▁Spain ▁a ▁true ▁unity , ▁a ▁new ▁spirit , ▁a ▁total itar ian ▁polity ..." ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁say ▁" D em ocracy ▁is ▁not ▁an ▁end ▁but ▁a ▁means ▁to ▁the ▁con quest ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁state . ▁When ▁the ▁time ▁comes , ▁either ▁parliament ▁subm its ▁or ▁we ▁will ▁eliminate ▁it ." ▁The ▁C ED A ▁held ▁fasc ist - style ▁r al lies , ▁called ▁Gil - Rob les ▁" J efe ", ▁the ▁equivalent ▁of ▁Du ce , ▁and ▁claimed ▁that ▁the ▁C ED A ▁might ▁lead ▁a ▁" M arch ▁on ▁Madrid " ▁to ▁force fully ▁se ize ▁power . ▁The ▁C ED A ▁failed ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁substant ive ▁elect oral ▁g ains ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁that ▁were ▁needed ▁for ▁it ▁to ▁form ▁government ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁right - wing ▁support ▁dra ining ▁from ▁it ▁and ▁turning ▁towards ▁the ▁bell iger ent ▁Alf ons ist ▁monarch ist ▁leader ▁José ▁Cal vo ▁S ot elo . ▁Sub |
sequently , ▁the ▁C ED A ▁abandoned ▁its ▁moder ation ▁and ▁legal ism ▁and ▁began ▁providing ▁support ▁for ▁those ▁committed ▁to ▁violence ▁against ▁the ▁republic , ▁including ▁hand ing ▁over ▁its ▁elect oral ▁funds ▁to ▁the ▁initial ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁coup ▁against ▁the ▁republic , ▁General ▁Em ilio ▁M ola . ▁Sub sequently , ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁the ▁C ED A ' s ▁youth ▁movement , ▁Ju vent udes ▁de ▁A cción ▁Popular ▁( J AP ) ▁began ▁to ▁defect ▁en ▁mas se ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁Fal ange , ▁and ▁ceased ▁to ▁exists ▁as ▁a ▁political ▁organisation ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁Mon arch ists ▁ ▁Car lists ▁ ▁The ▁Car lists ▁were ▁monarch ists ▁and ▁ar dent ▁ul trat rad itional ist ▁C athol ics ▁who ▁sought ▁the ▁installation ▁of ▁Car list ▁P ret ender ▁Francisco ▁J avier ▁de ▁Bor b ón ▁as ▁King ▁of ▁Spain . ▁The ▁Car lists ▁were ▁anti - rep ublic an , ▁anti - dem ocr atic ▁and ▁sta unch ly ▁anti - social ist . ▁The ▁Car lists ▁were ▁so ▁anti - social ist ▁that ▁they ▁opposed ▁both ▁Hitler ▁and ▁M uss ol ini ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁supposed ▁social istic ▁t endencies . ▁The ▁Car lists ▁were ▁led ▁by ▁Manuel ▁Fal ▁Cond é ▁and ▁held ▁their ▁main ▁base ▁of ▁support ▁in ▁Navar re . ▁The ▁Car lists ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁were ▁the ▁original ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁coup ▁d ' état ▁against ▁the ▁republic . ▁ ▁The |
▁Car lists ▁held ▁a ▁long ▁history ▁of ▁violent ▁opposition ▁to ▁the ▁Spanish ▁state , ▁stem ming ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 8 3 3 ▁when ▁they ▁launched ▁a ▁six - year ▁civil ▁war ▁against ▁the ▁state . ▁The ▁Car lists ▁were ▁strongly ▁in trans igent ▁to ▁any ▁coal ition ▁with ▁other ▁movements , ▁even ▁bel ieving ▁that ▁no ▁non - Car list ▁could ▁have ▁honest ▁intent ions . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁war , ▁the ▁Car lists ' ▁milit ia , ▁the ▁Re quet és ▁reached ▁a ▁peak ▁of ▁ 4 2 , 0 0 0 ▁rec ruits ▁but ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁host ilities ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁their ▁overall ▁strength ▁had ▁been ▁reduced ▁to ▁ 2 3 , 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁Car lists ▁contributed ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁National ists ' ▁most ▁effective ▁shock ▁troops ▁during ▁the ▁war . ▁ ▁Alf ons ists ▁▁ ▁The ▁Alf ons ists ▁were ▁a ▁movement ▁that ▁supported ▁the ▁rest oration ▁of ▁Alfonso ▁XIII ▁of ▁Spain ▁as ▁monarch ▁following ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Second ▁Republic ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁They ▁competed ▁with ▁rival ▁monarch ists , ▁the ▁Car lists , ▁for ▁the ▁Spanish ▁throne . ▁After ▁the ▁over throw ▁of ▁the ▁mon archy ▁of ▁Alfonso ▁XIII , ▁Alf ons ist ▁supp or ters ▁formed ▁the ▁Ren ov ación ▁Españ ola , ▁a ▁monarch ist ▁political ▁party , ▁which ▁held ▁considerable ▁economic ▁influence ▁and ▁had ▁close ▁supp or ters ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish ▁army . ▁Ren ov ación ▁Españ ola ▁did |
▁not , ▁however , ▁manage ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁mass ▁political ▁movement . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁the ▁Alf ons ists , ▁led ▁by ▁Antonio ▁Go ico e che a , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁Car lists , ▁met ▁with ▁Italian ▁dict ator ▁Ben ito ▁M uss ol ini ▁to ▁gain ▁support ▁for ▁an ▁u pr ising ▁against ▁the ▁republic , ▁in ▁which ▁M uss ol ini ▁promised ▁to ▁provide ▁money ▁and ▁arms ▁for ▁such ▁a ▁rising . ▁From ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁the ▁char ism atic ▁Alf ons ist ▁leader ▁José ▁Cal vo ▁S ot elo ▁spoke ▁of ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁the ▁" con quest ▁of ▁the ▁state " ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁means ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁an ▁ideal ▁author itar ian , ▁corpor at ist ▁state . ▁S ot elo ▁made ▁passion ate ▁speech es ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁violent ▁counter re volution ▁and ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁military ▁ins urre ction ▁against ▁the ▁republic ▁to ▁counter ▁the ▁thre ats ▁of ▁commun ism ▁and ▁separ at ism ▁that ▁he ▁bl amed ▁as ▁being ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁republic . ▁S ot elo ▁was ▁kid n apped ▁and ▁assass in ated ▁by ▁political ▁oppon ents ▁( who ▁were ▁initially ▁searching ▁out ▁Gil - Rob les ▁of ▁the ▁C ED A ▁to ▁kid nap ) ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁which ▁spark ed ▁f ury ▁on ▁the ▁political ▁right ▁and ▁helped ▁legit im ize ▁the ▁military ▁coup |
▁against ▁the ▁republic . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁war ▁broke ▁out , ▁Inf ante ▁Juan , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Alfonso ▁XIII ▁and ▁he ir ▁to ▁the ▁Spanish ▁throne , ▁requested ▁the ▁permission ▁of ▁Franco ▁to ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁National s ' ▁war ▁effort ▁by ▁en list ing ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁crew ▁of ▁the ▁cru iser ▁B ala eres , ▁which ▁was ▁near ing ▁completion . ▁He ▁promised ▁to ▁ab st ain ▁from ▁political ▁activities , ▁but ▁Franco ▁refused , ▁bel ieving ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁become ▁a ▁figure head ▁for ▁the ▁Alf ons ists ▁who ▁held ▁a ▁strong ▁presence ▁in ▁the ▁military . ▁ ▁Military ▁ ▁Army ▁of ▁Africa ▁ ▁The ▁Army ▁of ▁Africa ▁was ▁a ▁field ▁army ▁g arrison ed ▁in ▁Spanish ▁Mor oc co ▁- ▁a ▁legacy ▁of ▁the ▁R if ▁War ▁- ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁General ▁Francisco ▁Franco . ▁It ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Foreign ▁Leg ion ▁and ▁the ▁Reg ular es , ▁inf antry ▁and ▁caval ry ▁units ▁rec ru ited ▁from ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁Spanish ▁Mor oc co ▁and ▁with ▁Spanish ▁officers ▁as ▁command ers . ▁ ▁The ▁Reg ular es ▁operated ▁as ▁the ▁shock ▁troops ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁forces ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁a ▁substantial ▁pay . ▁More ▁than ▁ 1 3 , 0 0 0 ▁Mor oc can ▁troops ▁were ▁air l ift ed ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁J unk ers ▁Ju ▁ 5 2 ▁plan es ▁supplied ▁by ▁Hitler ▁between ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁conflict ▁in ▁July ▁and ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 6 |
. ▁Their ▁pro verb ial ▁cruel ty ▁and ▁reck less ▁behaviour ▁were ▁not ▁random , ▁but ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁calculated ▁plan ▁of ▁the ▁Franco ist ▁military ▁leaders ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁inst ill ▁terror ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁defence ▁lines . ▁ ▁The ▁Army ▁of ▁Africa ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁most ▁decor ated ▁unit ▁in ▁the ▁May ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁victory ▁brig ade ▁by ▁the ▁National ists ; ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁estimated ▁that ▁one ▁in ▁five ▁of ▁its ▁members ▁were ▁killed ▁during ▁the ▁war , ▁a ▁cas ual ty ▁rate ▁twice ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish . ▁For ▁several ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁war , ▁Franco ▁would ▁have ▁a ▁squad ron ▁of ▁Mo or ish ▁troops ▁act ▁as ▁his ▁esc ort ▁at ▁public ▁cer emon ies ▁as ▁a ▁rem inder ▁of ▁the ▁Army ' s ▁importance ▁in ▁the ▁National ist ▁victory . ▁ ▁Civil ▁Guard ▁ ▁Foreign ▁support ▁ ▁Italy ▁ ▁Italy ▁under ▁the ▁F asc ist ▁leadership ▁of ▁Ben ito ▁M uss ol ini ▁supported ▁the ▁over throw ▁of ▁the ▁republic ▁and ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁regime ▁that ▁would ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁client ▁state ▁to ▁Italy . ▁Italy ▁dist r usted ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Republic ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁pro - F rench ▁lean ings ▁and ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁war ▁had ▁made ▁contact ▁with ▁Spanish ▁right - wing ▁groups . ▁ ▁Italy ▁just ified ▁its ▁inter vention ▁as ▁an ▁action ▁intended ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁B ols he v ism ▁in ▁Spain . ▁Italy ' s ▁F asc ist ▁regime ▁considered ▁the |
▁threat ▁of ▁B ols he v ism ▁a ▁real ▁risk ▁with ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁volunte ers ▁from ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁who ▁were ▁fighting ▁for ▁the ▁Republic ans . ▁M uss ol ini ▁provided ▁financial ▁support ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁training ▁to ▁the ▁Alf ons ists , ▁Car lists , ▁and ▁Fal ange . ▁M uss ol ini ▁met ▁Fal ang ist ▁leader ▁José ▁Antonio ▁Pr imo ▁de ▁River a ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁much ▁enthus ias m ▁in ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁fasc ism ▁in ▁Spain ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁ ▁By ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁an ▁expedition ary ▁force ▁of ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0 ▁It ali ans , ▁the ▁Cor po ▁Tru ppe ▁Vol ont arie , ▁were ▁in ▁Spain ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁General ▁Mario ▁Ro atta . ▁The ▁cont ing ent ▁was ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁four ▁divisions : ▁L itt orio , ▁D io ▁lo ▁V u ole ▁(" G od ▁Will s ▁it "), ▁F iam me ▁N ere ▁(" Black ▁Fl ames ") ▁and ▁P enne ▁N ere ▁(" Black ▁Fe athers "). ▁The ▁first ▁of ▁these ▁divisions ▁was ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁soldiers ; ▁the ▁other ▁three ▁of ▁Black sh irt ▁volunte ers . ▁Italy ▁provided ▁the ▁National ▁forces ▁with ▁f ighter ▁and ▁bom ber ▁aircraft ▁which ▁played ▁a ▁significant ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁war . ▁In ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁Italy ▁interven ed ▁in ▁the ▁political ▁affairs ▁of ▁the ▁National s ▁by ▁sending ▁Roberto ▁Far |
in acci ▁to ▁Spain ▁to ▁ur ge ▁Franco ▁to ▁un ite ▁the ▁National ▁political ▁movements ▁into ▁one ▁fasc ist ▁" Span ish ▁National ▁Party ". ▁ ▁Germany ▁ ▁Naz i ▁Germany ▁provided ▁the ▁National s ▁with ▁material , ▁special ists , ▁and ▁a ▁powerful ▁air ▁force ▁cont ing ent , ▁the ▁Cond or ▁Leg ion ▁German ▁expedition ary ▁forces ▁that ▁provided ▁air l ift ▁of ▁soldiers ▁and ▁material ▁from ▁Spanish ▁Africa ▁to ▁Pen ins ular ▁Spain ▁and ▁provided ▁off ensive ▁operations ▁against ▁Republican ▁forces . ▁The ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War ▁would ▁provide ▁an ▁ideal ▁testing ▁ground ▁for ▁the ▁prof ic iency ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁weapons ▁produced ▁during ▁the ▁German ▁re - arm ament . ▁Many ▁aer onaut ical ▁bomb ing ▁techniques ▁were ▁tested ▁by ▁the ▁Cond or ▁Leg ion ▁against ▁the ▁Republican ▁Government ▁on ▁Spanish ▁soil ▁with ▁the ▁permission ▁of ▁General í sim o ▁Franco . ▁Hitler ▁ins isted , ▁however , ▁that ▁his ▁long - term ▁designs ▁were ▁peace ful , ▁a ▁strategy ▁label led ▁as ▁" Bl um enk rie g " ▁( F lower ▁War ). ▁ ▁Germany ▁had ▁important ▁economic ▁interests ▁at ▁st ake ▁in ▁Spain , ▁as ▁Germany ▁imported ▁large ▁amounts ▁of ▁min eral ▁ore ▁from ▁Spanish ▁Mor oc co . ▁The ▁Naz i ▁regime ▁sent ▁retired ▁General ▁Wilhelm ▁Fa ul pel ▁as ▁amb assador ▁to ▁Franco ' s ▁regime , ▁Fa ul pel ▁supported ▁Franco ▁and ▁the ▁Fal ange ▁in ▁the ▁hope ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁create ▁a ▁Naz i - like ▁regime ▁in ▁Spain . ▁Deb t ▁ow |
ed ▁by ▁Franco ▁and ▁the ▁National s ▁to ▁Germany ▁rose ▁quickly ▁upon ▁purch asing ▁German ▁material , ▁and ▁required ▁financial ▁assistance ▁from ▁Germany ▁as ▁the ▁Republic ans ▁had ▁access ▁to ▁Spain ' s ▁gold ▁reserve . ▁ ▁Portugal ▁▁ ▁Upon ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁civil ▁war , ▁Portuguese ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Ant ón io ▁de ▁O live ira ▁Sal azar ▁almost ▁immediately ▁supported ▁the ▁National ▁forces . ▁Sal azar ' s ▁Estado ▁Nov o ▁regime ▁held ▁t ense ▁relations ▁with ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Republic ▁that ▁held ▁Portuguese ▁diss idents ▁to ▁his ▁regime ▁in ▁it . ▁Portugal ▁played ▁a ▁critical ▁role ▁in ▁supp lying ▁Franco ' s ▁forces ▁with ▁am mun ition ▁and ▁many ▁other ▁log ist ical ▁resources . ▁Despite ▁its ▁dis cre et ▁direct ▁military ▁invol vement ▁— ▁rest rained ▁to ▁a ▁somewhat ▁" sem i - o fficial " ▁end ors ement , ▁by ▁its ▁author itar ian ▁regime , ▁of ▁an ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 – 1 2 , 0 0 0 - strong ▁volunte er ▁force , ▁the ▁so - called ▁" V iri atos " ▁— ▁for ▁the ▁whole ▁duration ▁of ▁the ▁conflict , ▁Portugal ▁was ▁instrument al ▁in ▁providing ▁the ▁National ▁fa ction ▁with ▁a ▁vital ▁log ist ical ▁organization ▁and ▁by ▁re ass uring ▁Franco ▁and ▁his ▁al lies ▁that ▁no ▁inter ference ▁what so ever ▁would ▁h inder ▁the ▁supply ▁traffic ▁directed ▁to ▁the ▁National s , ▁crossing ▁the ▁borders ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁I ber ian ▁countries ▁— ▁the ▁National s ▁used ▁to ▁refer |
▁to ▁Lis bon ▁as ▁" the ▁port ▁of ▁Cast ile ". ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁with ▁Franco ' s ▁victory ▁increasing ly ▁certain , ▁Portugal ▁recognized ▁Franco ' s ▁regime ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁war ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁signed ▁a ▁treat y ▁of ▁friendship ▁and ▁non - ag gression ▁p act ▁that ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁I ber ian ▁P act . ▁Portugal ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁diplom atic ▁role ▁in ▁supporting ▁the ▁Franco ▁regime , ▁including ▁by ▁ins isting ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁that ▁Franco ▁sought ▁to ▁rep licate ▁Sal azar ' s ▁Estado ▁Nov o ▁and ▁not ▁M uss ol ini ' s ▁F asc ist ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Holy ▁See ▁▁ ▁Among ▁many ▁influ ential ▁C athol ics ▁in ▁Spain , ▁mainly ▁composed ▁of ▁conserv ative ▁Trad itional ists ▁and ▁people ▁belonging ▁to ▁pro - Mon arch ic ▁groups , ▁the ▁religious ▁per sec ution ▁was ▁square ly ▁and ▁based ▁on ▁evidence ▁probably ▁right ly ▁mostly ▁bl amed ▁on ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Republic . ▁The ▁en su ing ▁out rage ▁was ▁used ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁coup ▁by ▁the ▁national ist / mon arch ist ▁fa ction ▁and ▁readily ▁extended ▁itself . ▁The ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁took ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁re bel ▁government ▁and ▁defined ▁the ▁religious ▁Sp ani ards ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁per sec uted ▁in ▁Republican ▁areas ▁as ▁' mart y rs ▁of ▁the ▁faith '. ▁The ▁dev out ▁C athol ics ▁who ▁supported ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Republic , ▁included ▁high |
- ran king ▁officers ▁of ▁the ▁Popular ▁Army ▁such ▁as ▁republic an ▁Catholic ▁general ▁Vic ente ▁Ro jo ▁L l uch , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Bas que ▁national ists ▁who ▁opposed ▁the ▁re bel ▁fa ction . ▁ ▁Initial ly ▁the ▁V at ican ▁held ▁itself ▁from ▁declaring ▁too ▁open ly ▁its ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁re bel ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁war , ▁although ▁it ▁had ▁long ▁allowed ▁high ▁ecc les iast ical ▁figures ▁in ▁Spain ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁and ▁to ▁define ▁the ▁conflict ▁as ▁a ▁' C rus ade '. ▁Through out ▁the ▁war , ▁however , ▁Franco ist ▁propag anda ▁and ▁influ ential ▁Spanish ▁C athol ics ▁label led ▁the ▁sec ular ▁Republic ▁as ▁" the ▁enemy ▁of ▁God ▁and ▁the ▁Church " ▁and ▁den ounced ▁the ▁Republic , ▁holding ▁it ▁responsible ▁for ▁anti - cler ical ▁activities , ▁such ▁as ▁shut ting ▁down ▁Catholic ▁schools , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁killing ▁of ▁pri ests ▁and ▁n uns ▁by ▁ex alt ed ▁mob s ▁and ▁the ▁des ec r ation ▁of ▁religious ▁buildings . ▁ ▁F ors aken ▁by ▁the ▁Western ▁European ▁powers , ▁the ▁republic an ▁side ▁mainly ▁dep ended ▁from ▁Soviet ▁military ▁assistance , ▁which ▁played ▁into ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁port ray al ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Republic ▁as ▁a ▁' Mar x ist ' ▁and ▁god less ▁state ▁in ▁the ▁Franco ist ▁propag anda . ▁By ▁means ▁of ▁its ▁extensive ▁diplom atic ▁network ▁the ▁Holy ▁See ▁used ▁its ▁influence ▁to ▁lo bb y ▁for ▁the ▁re bel |
▁side . ▁During ▁an ▁International ▁Art ▁Ex hib ition ▁in ▁Paris ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁in ▁which ▁both ▁the ▁Franco ist ▁and ▁the ▁Republican ▁govern ments ▁were ▁present , ▁the ▁Holy ▁See ▁allowed ▁the ▁National ist ▁pav il ion ▁to ▁display ▁its ▁exhibition ▁under ▁the ▁V at ican ▁flag , ▁for ▁the ▁re bel ▁government ' s ▁flag ▁was ▁still ▁not ▁recognized . ▁By ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁the ▁Holy ▁See ▁had ▁already ▁officially ▁recognized ▁Franco ' s ▁Spanish ▁State , ▁being ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁ ▁Regarding ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁See ▁during ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁Civil ▁War , ▁Manuel ▁Mon tero , ▁lect urer ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Bas que ▁Country ▁commented ▁on ▁ 6 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 7 : ▁ ▁Other ▁supp or ters ▁▁▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁English , ▁Irish , ▁French , Fil ip inos , ▁Russian ▁" Wh ites ", ▁Polish , ▁Roman ian , ▁and ▁Belg ian ▁volunte ers ▁came ▁to ▁Spain ▁to ▁fight ▁on ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁National s . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Republican ▁fa ction ▁( Span ish ▁Civil ▁War ) ▁ ▁Spanish ▁Republican ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁ ▁Al pert , ▁Michael . ▁A ▁New ▁International ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War . ▁P aper back ▁edition . ▁Ham pshire ▁and ▁London , ▁England , ▁UK : ▁Mac mill an ▁Press ▁Ltd , |
▁ 1 9 9 7 ; ▁New ▁York , ▁New ▁York , ▁USA : ▁St . ▁Martin ' s ▁Press ▁Ltd , ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁Be e vor , ▁Anton y . ▁The ▁Battle ▁for ▁Spain ; ▁The ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War , ▁ 1 9 3 6 – 1 9 3 9 . ▁We iden feld ▁& ▁Nicol son , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Cas an ova , ▁Juli àn . ▁The ▁Spanish ▁Republic ▁and ▁Civil ▁War . ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Davis , ▁Paul ▁K . ▁Bes ie ged : ▁an ▁en cyc lopedia ▁of ▁great ▁sie ges ▁from ▁ancient ▁times ▁to ▁the ▁present . ▁Santa ▁Barbara , ▁California , ▁USA : ▁ABC - CLI O , ▁Inc , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Gall ag her , ▁Tom . ▁Portugal : ▁a ▁tw enti eth - century ▁interpretation . ▁Manchester , ▁England , ▁UK : ▁Manchester ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁De ▁Men eses , ▁Fil ipe ▁R ibe iro ▁. ▁Franco ▁and ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War . ▁London , ▁England , ▁UK ; ▁New ▁York , ▁New ▁York , ▁USA : ▁Rout ledge , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Pay ne , ▁Stanley ▁G . ▁F asc ism ▁in ▁Spain , ▁ 1 9 2 3 – 1 9 7 7 . ▁Mad ison , ▁Wisconsin , ▁USA : ▁Wisconsin ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 |
9 . ▁ ▁Pr eston , ▁Paul . ▁The ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War : ▁Re action , ▁Revolution ▁& ▁Re ven ge . ▁ 3 rd ▁edition . ▁W . ▁W . ▁New ▁York , ▁New ▁York , ▁USA : ▁N orton ▁& ▁Company , ▁Inc , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Turn b ull , ▁Patrick . ▁The ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War , ▁ 1 9 3 6 – 3 9 . ▁ 6 th ▁edition . ▁Oxford , ▁England , ▁UK ; ▁New ▁York , ▁New ▁York , ▁USA : ▁O sp rey ▁Publishing , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Los ▁histor i adores , ▁contra ▁Marg allo ▁por ▁neg arse ▁a ▁ab rir ▁los ▁arch ivos ▁ ▁Category : Span ish ▁Civil ▁War ▁Category : F asc ism ▁in ▁Spain ▁Category : F ar - right ▁politics <0x0A> </s> ▁R ED I RECT ▁Fac ulty _ of _ Comm unic ation , _ Art _ and _ Te chn ology _ at _ Sim on _ F ras er _ Univers ity <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mor ong ▁Command ▁was ▁a ▁batt alion ▁of ▁Filip ino ▁soldiers ▁and ▁resistance ▁f igh ters ▁led ▁by ▁General ▁Lic er io ▁Ger ón imo ▁during ▁the ▁Philipp ine – American ▁War . ▁This ▁force ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁vict ories ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Pay e , ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Pul ang ▁L up a , ▁along ▁with ▁several ▁other ▁successful ▁gu err illa ▁ra ids ▁and ▁capt ures |
▁of ▁enemy ▁units . ▁They ▁even ▁managed ▁to ▁re capt ure ▁many ▁American - h eld ▁towns . ▁ ▁Constant ▁sk irm ishes ▁and ▁batt les ▁with ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Const ab ul ary ▁and ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁to l led ▁heavily ▁on ▁the ▁batt alion . ▁Half ▁the ▁command ▁under ▁Colonel ▁Max imo ▁Ab ad ▁surrender ed ▁in ▁Bo ac ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁and ▁soon ▁after ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁batt alion ▁surrender ed ▁with ▁General ▁Ger on imo . ▁ ▁The ▁Mor ong ▁Battalion , ▁despite ▁its ▁losses , ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁successful ▁units ▁in ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Revolution ary ▁Army ▁during ▁the ▁war . ▁ ▁Category : Ph ili pp ine – American ▁War ▁Category : History ▁of ▁R iz al <0x0A> </s> ▁Cam pton ville ▁( former ly , ▁Com pton ville ▁and ▁Gold ▁R idge ) ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁and ▁census - design ated ▁place ▁( CD P ) ▁located ▁in ▁n ort he astern ▁Y uba ▁County , ▁California . ▁ ▁The ▁town ▁is ▁located ▁ ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁Mary sv ille , ▁off ▁Highway ▁ 4 9 ▁between ▁Down ie ville ▁and ▁Nev ada ▁City . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁a ▁r idge ▁between ▁the ▁North ▁F ork ▁and ▁Middle ▁F ork ▁of ▁the ▁Y uba ▁River , ▁not ▁far ▁from ▁New ▁Bull ards ▁Bar ▁Dam ▁Res er voir . ▁ ▁Cam pton ville ▁lies ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 2 8 2 |
5 ▁feet ▁( 8 6 1 ▁m ). ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 5 8 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Gold ▁was ▁discovered ▁here ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁and ▁the ▁place ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁Gold ▁R idge . ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁Cam pton ville ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁when ▁the ▁first ▁post ▁office ▁opened . ▁The ▁name ▁hon ors ▁Robert ▁Cam pton , ▁the ▁town ▁black sm ith . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁significant ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁California ▁Gold ▁R ush ▁era ▁and ▁a ▁stopping ▁point ▁for ▁travel ers ▁and ▁fre ight ▁ha ul ers ▁along ▁H enn ess ▁Pass ▁Road , ▁a ▁major ▁route ▁over ▁the ▁Sierra ▁Nev ada ▁via ▁H enn ess ▁Pass ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 5 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 8 6 0 s . ▁ ▁A ▁pla que ▁in ▁Cam pton ville ▁says ▁the ▁ro aring ▁town ▁had ▁over ▁fifty ▁sal o ons ▁had ▁bro th els ▁and ▁even ▁a ▁bow ling ▁al ley ▁at ▁one ▁time . ▁ ▁However , ▁by ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁William ▁H . ▁Bre wer ▁passed ▁through ▁Cam pton ville ▁and ▁described ▁it ▁in ▁his ▁journal ▁as ▁follows : ▁ ▁September ▁ 1 0 ▁we ▁started ▁on ▁our ▁way -- first ▁to ▁Nev ada ▁[ City ], ▁a ▁few ▁miles , ▁a ▁fine ▁town ▁in ▁a ▁rich ▁min ing ▁region , ▁then ▁to ▁San ▁Juan ▁North ▁( there ▁are ▁several ▁other ▁San ▁Ju ans ▁in |
▁the ▁state ), ▁then ▁to ▁Cam pton ville , ▁a ▁miser able , ▁dil ap id ated ▁town , ▁but ▁very ▁pictures qu ely ▁located , ▁with ▁immense ▁hyd ra ul ic ▁dig g ings ▁about . ▁The ▁amount ▁of ▁soil ▁sl u iced ▁away ▁in ▁this ▁way ▁seems ▁incred ible . ▁Bl uff s ▁si xty ▁to ▁a ▁hundred ▁feet ▁thick ▁have ▁been ▁was hed ▁away ▁for ▁hundreds ▁of ▁acres ▁together . ▁But ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁rich , ▁the ▁gold ▁has ▁“ sto pped ,” ▁the ▁town ▁is ▁dil ap id ated -- but ▁we ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁big ▁prices ▁never theless . ▁ ▁As ▁gold ▁min ing ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁w an ed , ▁the ▁local ▁economy ▁dep ended ▁on ▁the ▁tim ber ▁industry . ▁When ▁Sierra ▁Mountain ▁M ills ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁putting ▁ 7 5 ▁people ▁out ▁of ▁work , ▁many ▁people ▁moved ▁away . ▁ ▁Today ▁the ▁town ▁includes ▁the ▁Lost ▁N ug get ▁gas ▁station ▁and ▁convenience ▁store , ▁a ▁post ▁office , ▁Cam pton ville ▁Element ary ▁School ; ▁a ▁monument ▁to ▁the ▁Pel ton ▁wheel , ▁the ▁invent or ▁of ▁which ▁lived ▁here ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 0 s ; ▁and ▁the ▁original ▁May o ▁Sal oon , ▁currently ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁restaurant ▁and ▁bar ▁called ▁Bur ge e ▁Dave ' s ▁at ▁the ▁May o ; ▁and ▁the ▁Y uba ▁River ▁R anger ▁District ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁T ah oe ▁National ▁Forest , ▁which ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁headquarters |
▁of ▁the ▁T ah oe ▁Hot sh ots ▁fire ▁crew . ▁ ▁Geography ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Census ▁Bureau , ▁the ▁CD P ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 0 . 9 square ▁miles ▁( 2 . 3 km ² ), ▁all ▁of ▁it ▁land . ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Kö ppen ▁Cl imate ▁Classification ▁system , ▁Cam pton ville ▁has ▁a ▁warm - sum mer ▁Mediter rane an ▁climate , ▁abbre vi ated ▁" C sa " ▁on ▁climate ▁maps . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁United ▁States ▁Census ▁reported ▁that ▁Cam pton ville ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 5 8 . ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 1 8 0 . 8 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 6 9 . 8 / km ²). ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁Cam pton ville ▁was ▁ 1 1 7 ▁( 7 4 . 1 %) ▁White , ▁ 0 ▁( 0 . 0 %) ▁African ▁American , ▁ 1 5 ▁( 9 . 5 %) ▁Native ▁American , ▁ 2 ▁( 1 . 3 %) ▁Asian , ▁ 0 ▁( 0 . 0 %) ▁Pacific ▁Island er , ▁ 4 ▁( 2 . 5 %) ▁from ▁other ▁races , ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁( 1 2 . 7 %) ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁ ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 5 ▁persons ▁( 3 . 2 %). ▁ ▁The ▁Census ▁reported ▁that ▁ 1 5 |
8 ▁people ▁( 1 0 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁lived ▁in ▁households , ▁ 0 ▁( 0 %) ▁lived ▁in ▁non - inst itution al ized ▁group ▁qu arters , ▁and ▁ 0 ▁( 0 %) ▁were ▁institution al ized . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 7 0 ▁households , ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 2 2 ▁( 3 1 . 4 %) ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁in ▁them , ▁ 3 0 ▁( 4 2 . 9 %) ▁were ▁opposite - sex ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 7 ▁( 1 0 . 0 %) ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁ 5 ▁( 7 . 1 %) ▁had ▁a ▁male ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁wife ▁present . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 8 ▁( 1 1 . 4 %) ▁un mar ried ▁opposite - sex ▁partners hips , ▁and ▁ 0 ▁( 0 %) ▁same - sex ▁married ▁cou ples ▁or ▁partners hips . ▁ 2 4 ▁households ▁( 3 4 . 3 %) ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 8 ▁( 1 1 . 4 %) ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 2 6 . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 4 2 ▁families ▁( 6 0 . 0 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ); ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 8 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 3 |
6 ▁people ▁( 2 2 . 8 %) ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 0 ▁people ▁( 6 . 3 %) ▁aged ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 3 6 ▁people ▁( 2 2 . 8 %) ▁aged ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 5 3 ▁people ▁( 3 3 . 5 %) ▁aged ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 2 3 ▁people ▁( 1 4 . 6 %) ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 4 4 . 3 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 2 . 6 ▁males . ▁ ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 0 . 0 ▁males . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 8 1 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 9 2 . 7 ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 3 5 . 8 / km ² ), ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 9 ▁( 5 5 . 7 %) ▁were ▁owner - occup ied , ▁and ▁ 3 1 ▁( 4 4 . 3 %) ▁were ▁occupied ▁by ▁rent ers . ▁The ▁home owner ▁vac ancy ▁rate ▁was ▁ 0 %; ▁the ▁r ental ▁vac ancy ▁rate ▁was ▁ 8 . 8 %. ▁▁ 8 6 ▁people ▁( 5 4 . 4 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ) ▁lived ▁in ▁owner - occup |
ied ▁housing ▁units ▁and ▁ 7 2 ▁people ▁( 4 5 . 6 %) ▁lived ▁in ▁r ental ▁housing ▁units . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Cam pton ville ' s ▁Community ▁Website ▁Cam pton ville ▁Element ary ▁School ▁ ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁Y uba ▁County , ▁California ▁Category : M ining ▁communities ▁of ▁the ▁California ▁Gold ▁R ush ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁Sierra ▁Nev ada ▁( U . S .) ▁Category : Down ie ville , ▁California ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁Category : 1 8 5 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁California ▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁V ▁magazine ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁fashion ▁magazine ▁published ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁The ▁magazine ▁is ▁printed ▁season ally ▁and ▁highlight s ▁tr ends ▁in ▁fashion , ▁film , ▁music ▁and ▁art . ▁A ▁men ' s ▁fashion ▁quarter ly ▁entitled ▁V MAN ▁started ▁as ▁an ▁off sh oot ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁History ▁V ▁magazine ▁was ▁launched ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁as ▁the ▁" you ng er ▁sib ling " ▁publication ▁to ▁the ▁limited - ed ition ▁quarter ly ▁V ision aire . ▁V ▁releases ▁four ▁issues ▁a ▁year , ▁one ▁for ▁each ▁current ▁season al ▁collection ; ▁Spring ▁Pre view , ▁Fall ▁Pre view , ▁Winter ▁Pre view ▁and ▁Summer ▁Pre view . ▁The ▁magazine ▁has ▁a ▁read ership ▁of ▁ |
3 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁V ▁is ▁edited ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Gan ▁and ▁features ▁new ▁American ▁fashion ▁displayed ▁through ▁sho ots ▁and ▁editor ial s ▁foc using ▁more ▁specifically ▁on ▁art , ▁film , ▁music ▁and ▁fashion . ▁V ▁has ▁been ▁noted ▁for ▁its ▁invent ive ▁and ▁progress ive ▁sty ling , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁its ▁report age ▁of ▁cultural ▁figures ▁and ▁global ▁youth ▁culture . ▁Past ▁contrib utors ▁have ▁included ▁I nez ▁van ▁L ams we erde ▁and ▁V ino od h ▁Mat adin , ▁H edi ▁S lim ane , ▁Mario ▁Test ino , ▁Mario ▁Sor r enti , ▁and ▁Karl ▁L ager feld . ▁Inter view ▁subjects ▁have ▁included ▁Joan ▁Did ion , ▁Sal man ▁R ush die , ▁Robert ▁Alt man , ▁Bro oke ▁Sh ield s , ▁and ▁Norman ▁Mail er . ▁I cons ▁in ▁fashion , ▁film , ▁music ▁and ▁art ▁to ▁grace ▁the ▁cover ▁include ▁Madonna , ▁K aty ▁Perry , ▁Maria h ▁Care y , ▁R ih anna , ▁Na omi ▁Campbell , ▁Grace ▁Jones , ▁Brad ▁Pitt , ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars , ▁David ▁B owie ▁and ▁Lady ▁G aga . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 7 L ▁and ▁Ste id l ▁published ▁the ▁book ▁V ▁Best : ▁Five ▁Years ▁of ▁V ▁Magazine , ▁chron ic ling ▁the ▁first ▁five ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁publication . ▁In cluded ▁are ▁fashion ▁articles , ▁photos , ▁inter views ▁and ▁more ▁from ▁the ▁first |
▁five ▁years ▁of ▁V . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Lady ▁G aga ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁guest ▁editor ▁for ▁V ▁for ▁its ▁ 9 9 th ▁issue , ▁which ▁features ▁a ▁record - setting ▁six teen ▁different ▁covers . ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁cover ▁of ▁the ▁magazine ▁for ▁its ▁ 1 0 0 th ▁issue . ▁Spe ars ▁shot ▁three ▁different ▁covers ▁for ▁the ▁mil estone ▁issue ▁with ▁photograph er ▁Mario ▁Test ino . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁cover ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁cele brit ies ▁that ▁have ▁been ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁cover ▁of ▁V ▁Magazine ▁include ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars , ▁Lady ▁G aga , ▁L ana ▁Del ▁Rey , ▁Sel ena ▁G ome z , ▁Justin ▁B ie ber , ▁Madonna , ▁K aty ▁Perry , ▁Maria h ▁Care y , ▁G wen ▁Stef ani , ▁Jan et ▁Jackson , ▁M iley ▁C yrus , ▁G w yn eth ▁P alt row , ▁Camer on ▁Dia z , ▁Win ona ▁Ry der , ▁R ih anna , ▁K es ha , ▁James ▁Franco , ▁David ▁Beck ham , ▁Natal ie ▁Port man , ▁Dak ota ▁F anning , ▁K irst en ▁D unst , ▁Krist en ▁Stewart , ▁Jenn ifer ▁Con nel ly , ▁Nick i ▁M ina j , ▁K any e ▁West , ▁Or lando ▁Blo om , ▁Dem i ▁Moore , ▁Bey on cé , ▁Adri |
ana ▁Lima , ▁Marc ▁Jacob s , ▁Sal ma ▁Hay ek , ▁C eline ▁D ion ▁and ▁more . ▁ ▁Crit ic isms ▁The ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁issue ▁of ▁V ▁magazine ▁entitled ▁" The ▁Size ▁Issue " ▁featured ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁plus ▁s ized ▁models . ▁This ▁edition ▁printed ▁two ▁different ▁covers , ▁one ▁with ▁plus ▁s ized ▁" P reci ous " ▁star ▁Gab ou rey ▁Sid ibe , ▁while ▁the ▁other ▁featured ▁the ▁petite ▁actress ▁Dak ota ▁F anning . ▁One ▁criticism ▁of ▁the ▁issue ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁magazine ' s ▁intent ions ▁were ▁to ▁ju xt ap ose ▁big ▁and ▁small ▁as ▁in ▁a ▁competition ▁with ▁one ▁another . ▁However , ▁others ▁" emb rac ed ▁the ▁magazine ' s ▁bold ▁statement " ▁and ▁comm ended ▁V ▁on ▁its ▁efforts ▁to ▁" mod ern ize ▁the ▁beauty ▁standard ". ▁ ▁Fe atures ▁In ▁the ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁issue ▁of ▁American ▁Ph oto ▁Magazine , ▁V ▁magazine ▁photograph er ▁Nick ▁Knight ▁was ▁featured ▁for ▁the ▁photo ▁spread ▁" W ild flow ers " ▁that ▁he ▁shot ▁for ▁the ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁issue ▁of ▁V . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁V ▁Magazine ▁featured ▁band ▁Mon ot ron ic ▁as ▁the ▁music ▁behind ▁a ▁V TV ▁summer ▁sw im we ar ▁feature . ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁techn ologies ▁The ▁V ▁Magazine ▁website ▁consists ▁of ▁multiple ▁different ▁navig ational ▁links ▁such ▁as ; ▁blog , ▁magazine , ▁fashion , ▁articles |
, ▁photo ▁and ▁video . ▁The ▁website ▁contains ▁features ▁from ▁the ▁current ▁issue ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ex tras ▁and ▁exclusive ▁out t akes ▁that ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁put ▁into ▁the ▁final ▁printing ▁of ▁the ▁magazine . ▁Other ▁interactive ▁techn ological ▁features ▁on ▁V ’ s ▁website ▁include ▁the ▁magazine ' s ▁Twitter ▁stream , ▁blog ▁and ▁Facebook ▁page . ▁ ▁V MAN ▁magazine ▁ ▁V MAN ▁magazine ▁featuring ▁men ' s ▁cl othing ▁is ▁an ▁off sh oot ▁of ▁V ▁magazine . ▁Est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁it ▁is ▁published ▁quarter ly ▁by ▁V ision aire ▁Publishing , ▁also ▁responsible ▁for ▁V ▁and ▁V ision aire . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Vog ue ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : American ▁arts ▁mag az ines ▁Category : American ▁b imon th ly ▁mag az ines ▁Category : American ▁fashion ▁mag az ines ▁Category : Mag az ines ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Category : Mag az ines ▁published ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City <0x0A> </s> ▁K oo ▁H s ien - j ung ▁( ; ▁Rom aj i : ▁Ko ▁Ken ’ ei ; ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 1 8 6 6 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Taiwan ese ▁business man ▁and ▁politician ▁who ▁enjoyed ▁strong ▁links ▁to ▁the ▁colonial ▁administration ▁of ▁Taiwan ▁under ▁Japanese ▁rule . ▁ ▁He ▁founded ▁the ▁Ko os ▁Group ▁of ▁companies , ▁the ▁largest ▁business ▁group ▁in ▁Taiwan . ▁ ▁K oo ▁was ▁a ▁business man ▁at |
▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Sh imon ose ki ▁in ▁which ▁Q ing ▁dynast y ▁China ▁c eded ▁Taiwan ▁to ▁Japan . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁Japanese ▁forces ▁arrived ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 , ▁K oo ▁initi ated ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁Japanese ▁forces ▁in ▁Ke el ung ▁and ▁ur ged ▁them ▁to ▁enter ▁Tai pe i ▁to ▁restore ▁order . ▁ ▁K oo ' s ▁close ▁links ▁to ▁the ▁Japanese ▁allowed ▁him ▁both ▁to ▁purs ue ▁a ▁successful ▁political ▁career ▁( he ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Taiwan ese ▁to ▁be ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁em peror ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Pe ers ▁of ▁Japan , ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 4 ) ▁and ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁business es ▁that ▁formed ▁the ▁nucle us ▁of ▁today ' s ▁Ko os ▁Group ▁of ▁companies . ▁ ▁K oo ▁had ▁four ▁conc ub ines , ▁eight ▁sons ▁and ▁four ▁daughters . ▁ ▁His ▁fifth ▁son , ▁K oo ▁Chen - fu , ▁inherited ▁control ▁of ▁his ▁father ' s ▁business ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁negoti ator ▁for ▁Taiwan ▁during ▁the ▁Wang – K oo ▁sum mit . ▁ ▁His ▁e ighth ▁son , ▁K oo ▁K w ang - ming , ▁became ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Taiwan ▁Independ ence ▁movement . ▁His ▁grand son ▁is ▁Richard ▁K oo , ▁an ▁econom ist ▁special izing ▁in ▁balance ▁sheet ▁re cess ions . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : H ok k ien ▁business people ▁Category : T ai wan ese ▁business people ▁Category |
: T ai wan ese ▁company ▁found ers ▁Category : T ai wan ese ▁collabor ators ▁with ▁Imperial ▁Japan ▁Category : T ai wan ese ▁people ▁of ▁H ok lo ▁descent ▁Category : 1 8 6 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 7 ▁death s ▁Category : K oo ▁family ▁of ▁L uk ang ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Pe ers ▁( J apan ) ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ch ang h ua ▁County ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Taiwan ese ▁business people ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Taiwan ese ▁people ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁office - hold ers ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Taiwan ese ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Philip ▁She pp ard ▁( born ▁ 4 ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁composer , ▁producer , ▁cell ist , ▁invent or , ▁public ▁speaker , ▁phil anth rop ist , ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁and ▁cre ative ▁innov ator . ▁He ▁has ▁composed ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 ▁film , ▁television ▁and ▁the atr ical ▁scores ▁including ▁Detroit : ▁Be come ▁Human ▁and ▁the ▁Star ▁Wars : ▁The ▁Force ▁Aw ak ens ▁behind ▁the ▁scenes ▁Com ic ▁Con ▁tra iler . ▁She pp ard ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Mot ion ▁Picture ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Music ▁Class ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁She pp ard ▁has ▁recorded ▁arrang ements ▁of |
▁all ▁the ▁world ' s ▁ 2 0 5 ▁national ▁anth ems ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁She pp ard ▁trained ▁in ▁c ello ▁and ▁composition ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music , ▁during ▁which ▁time ▁he ▁special ised ▁in ▁contemporary ▁music . ▁He ▁worked ▁closely ▁with ▁Hans ▁Werner ▁Hen ze , ▁Sir ▁Michael ▁T ipp ett ▁and ▁Luci ano ▁Ber io ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁found ing ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Kre ut zer ▁String ▁Quart et . ▁Wh ilst ▁a ▁student , ▁She pp ard ▁made ▁week ly ▁appearances ▁at ▁the ▁Sp itz ▁night club , ▁playing ▁entirely ▁impro vised ▁concert s , ▁sometimes ▁featuring ▁his ▁P iano ▁Quint et ▁ – ▁formed ▁with ▁Keith ▁T ipp ett . ▁He ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁pian ist ▁Abd ul lah ▁I bra him , ▁who ▁encourag ed ▁him ▁to ▁move ▁away ▁from ▁a ▁conventional ▁musical ▁environment , ▁and ▁purs ue ▁his ▁composition . ▁He ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁pione er ▁electro - ac oust ic ▁impro vis ation ▁joining ▁the ▁Smith ▁Quart et ▁and ▁appearing ▁regularly ▁with ▁the ▁London ▁S inf on iet ta . ▁After ▁comple ting ▁a ▁fellow ship , ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁senior ▁lect urer . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Film ▁sound tra cks ▁ ▁She pp ard ' s ▁first ▁orch est ral ▁sound track ▁was ▁commission ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁for ▁the ▁document ary ▁feature , |
▁In ▁the ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁the ▁Moon , ▁which ▁won ▁major ▁awards ▁at ▁the ▁B ould er , ▁Florida , ▁Indian apolis ▁and ▁Sed ona ▁film ▁festiv als , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁A udi ence ▁Award ▁at ▁the ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁The ▁sound track ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁L akes h ore ▁records ▁im print . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁with ▁members ▁of ▁UN K LE ▁he ▁arranged ▁and ▁performed ▁solo ▁c ello ▁on ▁the ▁rem ix ▁of ▁The ▁X - Files ▁theme ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁end ▁titles ▁of ▁' X - Files ▁I ▁W ant ▁to ▁Bel ieve '. ▁Also , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁South ▁Korean ▁film , ▁Dream ▁. ▁ ▁His ▁next ▁major ▁commission ▁was ▁the ▁sound track ▁for ▁' Ser gio ' ▁directed ▁by ▁Greg ▁B ark er ▁which ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁document ary ▁film , ▁The ▁Till man ▁Story , ▁which ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Grand ▁J ury ▁Prize ▁for ▁Document ary . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁sound track ▁for ▁ 2 ▁document aries ▁that ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival : ▁The ▁F |
law ▁directed ▁by ▁British ▁film maker ▁David ▁S ington , ▁which ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Grand ▁J ury ▁Prize ▁for ▁World ▁Cinema ▁- ▁Document ary ▁and ▁Bobby ▁Fischer ▁Again st ▁the ▁World , ▁directed ▁by ▁L iz ▁Gar bus . ▁Also , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁his ▁album ▁Cloud ▁Songs ▁was ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁First ▁Or bit ▁, ▁a ▁real - time ▁recre ation ▁of ▁Y uri ▁G ag arin ' s ▁pione ering ▁first ▁orbit , ▁shot ▁entirely ▁in ▁space ▁from ▁on ▁board ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station ▁and ▁combined ▁with ▁Y uri ▁G ag arin ' s ▁original ▁voice ▁record ings ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁flight ▁of ▁V ost ok ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁short ▁film ▁The ▁Long ▁J our ney ▁Home ▁ ▁and ▁also ▁worked ▁again ▁with ▁film - maker ▁L iz ▁Gar bus ▁on ▁the ▁document ary ▁film ▁Love , ▁Mar il yn ▁st arring ▁Elizabeth ▁B anks , ▁Ad rien ▁Bro dy , ▁Glen ▁Close , ▁U ma ▁Th ur man ▁and ▁Vi ola ▁Davis . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁She pp ard ▁once ▁again ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁director ▁Greg ▁B ark er ▁and ▁producer ▁John ▁Batt se k ▁to ▁compose ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁Em my ▁winning ▁document ary ▁Manh unt : ▁The ▁Inside ▁Story ▁of ▁the ▁H unt ▁for ▁Os ama ▁Bin ▁L aden , ▁which |
▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Grand ▁J ury ▁Prize ▁for ▁Document ary . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁ 3 ▁document ary ▁films , ▁We ▁Are ▁the ▁Gi ant , ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁and ▁The ▁Human ▁Face ▁of ▁Big ▁Data . ▁She pp ard ' s ▁collabor ations ▁with ▁director ▁Greg ▁B ark er ▁and ▁producer ▁John ▁Batt se k ▁continued ▁with ▁We ▁Are ▁The ▁Gi ant , ▁a ▁document ary ▁film ▁about ▁the ▁Arab ▁Spring ▁and ▁which ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁Trib eca ▁Film ▁Festival ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁J ury ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Document ary ▁Fe ature . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁She pp ard ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁professional ▁clim ber , ▁mount aine er , ▁sk ier , ▁director ▁and ▁photograph er , ▁Jimmy ▁Ch in ▁and ▁professional ▁clim ber , ▁mount aine er ▁and ▁author ▁Con rad ▁An ker , ▁on ▁the ▁award - win ning ▁document ary ▁advent ure ▁film , ▁Mer u . ▁Tw elve ▁of ▁the ▁tracks ▁from ▁the ▁film ' s ▁sound track ▁were ▁composed ▁by ▁She pp ard . ▁Mer u ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Sund ance ▁Film |
▁Festival ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁A udi ence ▁Award ▁for ▁Document ary ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Grand ▁J ury ▁Prize ▁for ▁Document ary . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁She pp ard ▁also ▁composed ▁the ▁original ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁document aries ▁Th in ▁Ice : ▁The ▁Inside ▁Story ▁of ▁Cl imate ▁Science ▁ ▁and ▁The ▁F ear ▁of ▁ 1 3 ▁directed ▁by ▁David ▁S ington ▁and ▁which ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁G ri erson ▁Award ▁for ▁Document ary ▁Film ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁London ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁She pp ard ▁created ▁the ▁original ▁score ▁for ▁ 3 ▁document ary ▁films : ▁Keep ▁Qu iet , ▁Rest less ▁Cre ature : ▁Wend y ▁Wh el an ▁which ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Knight ▁Document ary ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Miami ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁and ▁The ▁University . ▁Keep ▁Qu iet , ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Trib eca ▁Film ▁Festival ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁J ury ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Document ary ▁Fe ature . ▁Rest less ▁Cre ature : ▁Wend y ▁Wh el an ▁and ▁The ▁University ▁was ▁awarded ▁Best ▁Document ary ▁Film ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁L . A . ▁Raw ▁Science ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁She pp ard ▁te amed ▁up ▁again ▁with ▁director ▁Greg ▁B ark er ▁and ▁producer ▁John ▁Batt se k ▁to ▁release |
, ▁The ▁Final ▁Year ▁, ▁which ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Toronto ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁and ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Brothers ▁ ▁which ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁She pp ard ▁also ▁composed ▁the ▁original ▁score ▁for ▁Ch osen ▁, ▁st arring ▁Har vey ▁Ke itel . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁She pp ard ▁collabor ated ▁again ▁with ▁director ▁David ▁S ington , ▁who ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁on ▁In ▁the ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁the ▁Moon , ▁on ▁the ▁Net fli x ▁original ▁document ary , ▁Mercur y ▁ 1 3 , ▁ ▁which ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁San ▁Francisco ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ ▁Television ▁scores ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁She pp ard ▁Philip ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁ 4 ▁part ▁TV ▁series ▁document ary , ▁Moon ▁Mach ines : ▁The ▁L un ar ▁Module , ▁The ▁Navigation ▁Computer , ▁The ▁Command ▁Module ▁and ▁The ▁Sat urn ▁V ▁Ro cket . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁She pp ard ▁also ▁wrote ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁pieces ▁for ▁Vi ol ▁Cons ort ▁that ▁formed ▁the ▁sound track ▁for ▁Dr . ▁David ▁Star key ' s ▁series ▁on ▁Henry ▁VIII . ▁It ▁also ▁featured ▁Scottish ▁singer ▁D ot ▁All ison . ▁Also ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁TV ▁movie , ▁Jul iet te ▁B ino che : ▁Sk etch |
es ▁for ▁a ▁Port rait . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁music ▁producer ▁for ▁three ▁episodes ▁of ▁the ▁P BS ▁TV ▁series , ▁God ▁In ▁America : ▁Compos er : ▁Soul ▁of ▁a ▁Nation / Of ▁God ▁and ▁Ca esar , ▁A ▁Nation ▁Reb orn / A ▁New ▁Light , ▁A ▁New ▁Adam / A ▁New ▁E den . ▁She pp ard ▁also ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁National ▁Geographic ▁TV ▁document ary ▁Inside ▁the ▁Mil ky ▁Way , ▁and ▁the ▁BBC ▁TV ▁document ary , ▁Little ▁Sh ips ▁which ▁marked ▁the ▁ 7 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁D unk irk . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁one ▁episode ▁of ▁The ▁Church ills : ▁The ▁Cho ice . ▁She pp ard ▁also ▁created ▁the ▁sound track ▁for ▁the ▁P BS ▁TV ▁document ary ▁Sec rets ▁of ▁the ▁Sun : N ova . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁She pp ard ▁created ▁the ▁sound track ▁for ▁The ▁Fant astic ▁Mr . ▁Fe yn man , ▁a ▁TV ▁document ary ▁on ▁the ▁life ▁and ▁work ▁of ▁Nobel ▁prize - win ning ▁phys ic ist , ▁Richard ▁Fe yn man . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁She pp ard ▁wrote ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁BBC ▁series ▁Human ▁Un iverse ▁presented ▁by ▁Brian ▁C ox ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁TV ▁document ary , ▁A ▁Good ▁Job : ▁St ories ▁of ▁the |
▁F DN Y . ▁For ▁the ▁Rugby ▁World ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁piece , ▁This ▁is ▁Rugby , ▁which ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁theme ▁music ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁players ’ ▁entrance . ▁ ▁Video ▁game ▁and ▁apps ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁virtual ▁reality ▁video ▁game , ▁K itt y ▁N igi ri . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁She pp ard ▁composed ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁character , ▁K ara , ▁in ▁Qu antic ▁Dream ' s ▁video ▁game ▁Detroit : ▁Be come ▁Human . ▁ ▁Solo ▁albums ▁and ▁collabor ations ▁She pp ard ' s ▁early ▁solo ▁albums , ▁' The ▁G lass ▁C athedral ' ▁and ▁' The ▁D iver ▁in ▁the ▁C rypt ', ▁featured ▁new ▁compos itions ▁de vised ▁for ▁site - specific ▁performances . ▁The ▁tracks ▁feature ▁a ▁spe cially ▁commission ed ▁electric ▁c ello ▁that ▁has ▁become ▁a ▁corner stone ▁of ▁many ▁of ▁She pp ard ' s ▁compos itions . ▁The ▁albums ▁attract ed ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁Scott ▁Walker , ▁who ▁invited ▁him ▁to ▁play ▁at ▁his ▁South bank ▁Centre ▁Mel td own ▁Festival . ▁They ▁collabor ated ▁again ▁on ▁P ulp ' s ▁album ▁' We ▁Love ▁Life ' ▁with ▁Jar vis ▁C ocker ▁and ▁after ▁that ▁on ▁Walker ' s ▁crit ically ▁acc laimed ▁album ▁' The ▁Dr ift '. ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁arranged ▁songs ▁for ▁Jar vis ▁C ocker ' s ▁solo ▁album ▁' J ar vis ', |
▁David ▁B owie ▁and ▁Su z anne ▁V ega . ▁ ▁She pp ard ▁released ▁Some where ▁Al ong ▁the ▁Edge ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁It ▁was ▁his ▁first ▁studio ▁album ▁away ▁from ▁specific ▁movie ▁sound tra cks ▁since ▁The ▁D iver ▁in ▁the ▁C rypt . ▁“ Each ▁track ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁someone ▁who ▁lives ▁fully ▁at ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁life ▁- wh ether ▁expl or ers , ▁artists , ▁travel ers ▁or ▁think ers .” ▁She pp ard ▁regularly ▁collabor ates ▁with ▁James ▁Lav elle ▁and ▁UN K LE . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁they ▁wrote ▁and ▁produced ▁the ▁album ▁' End ▁Tit les .... St ories ▁for ▁Film ' ▁( with ▁G av in ▁Clark , ▁Josh ▁Hom me , ▁Chris ▁G oss ▁and ▁Pablo ▁Clement s ) ▁following ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁recent ▁album ▁' W ar ▁St ories '. ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁She pp ard ▁collabor ated ▁again ▁with ▁Lav elle ▁on ▁UN K LE ' s ▁fifth ▁studio ▁album ▁The ▁Road : ▁Part ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁She pp ard ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁O des za ▁on ▁their ▁album , ▁A ▁M oment ▁A part , ▁which ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁Best ▁Dance / E lect ron ic ▁Album ▁and ▁the ▁single ▁“ Line ▁of ▁S ight ” ▁featuring ▁W Y N NE ▁& ▁M ansion air ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁Best ▁Dance ▁Rec ording ▁at ▁the ▁ 6 0 th |
▁Ann ual ▁G RA MM Y ▁Awards ▁A ▁M oment ▁A part . ▁She pp ard ▁is ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁strings ▁for ▁A ▁M oment ▁A part ▁and ▁Just ▁A ▁Memory . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁She pp ard ▁released ▁his ▁s oph om ore ▁solo ▁orch est ral ▁album , ▁Fall ▁From ▁Earth , ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Live ▁event ▁and ▁stage ▁production ▁ ▁She pp ard ▁has ▁produced ▁the ▁music ▁for ▁two ▁BBC ▁TV ▁live ▁events ; ▁The ▁Manchester ▁Pass ion ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁The ▁Liverpool ▁N ativity ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁These ▁have ▁won ▁numerous ▁awards , ▁including ▁the ▁BBC ▁award ▁for ▁Best ▁Music ▁Production ▁of ▁the ▁Year , ▁which ▁was ▁awarded ▁to ▁She pp ard , ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁writer ▁Stephen ▁Pow ell . ▁ ▁She pp ard ▁has ▁had ▁a ▁long ▁and ▁fruit ful ▁professional ▁relationship ▁with ▁Ak ram ▁Khan . ▁He ▁first ▁joined ▁Ak ram ▁as ▁an ▁impro vis ing ▁cell ist ▁in ▁the ▁Kath ak ▁projects ▁' Th ird ▁Catalogue ' ▁and ▁' R on in ', ▁collabor ating ▁with ▁Han if ▁K ure ishi ▁and ▁the ▁A K ▁Company ▁for ▁' The ▁God ▁of ▁Small ▁T ales '. ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁She pp ard ▁was ▁commission ed ▁to ▁write ▁' S ac red ▁Mon sters ' ▁for ▁Ak ram ▁Khan ▁and ▁Syl vie ▁Gu ille m . ▁He ▁tou red ▁with ▁the ▁production |
▁until ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁his ▁final ▁performance ▁being ▁at ▁the ▁Her od ▁Att icus ▁theatre ▁in ▁the ▁shadow ▁of ▁the ▁Par then on . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁She pp ard ▁was ▁commission ed ▁to ▁compose ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁Ak ram ▁Khan ▁collaboration ▁featuring ▁Jul iet te ▁B ino che . ▁The ▁production , ▁In - I , ▁st aged ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Theatre ▁in ▁London ▁featured ▁design ▁by ▁An ish ▁Kap oor . ▁ ▁She pp ard ▁wrote ▁and ▁produced ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁Olympic ▁Hand over ▁Cer em ony , ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Be ij ing ▁Olympics . ▁This ▁marks ▁the ▁point ▁when ▁the ▁Olympic ▁flag ▁passes ▁to ▁London ▁in ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁The ▁sequence ▁begins ▁with ▁the ▁orch est ral ▁work ▁' This ▁is ▁London ' ▁performed ▁by ▁the ▁London ▁Sym phony ▁Orchestra , ▁and ▁leads ▁to ▁an ▁arrangement ▁of ▁' Who le ▁L otta ▁Love ' ▁( by ▁Led ▁Ze ppel in ) ▁performed ▁by ▁Jimmy ▁Page , ▁Le ona ▁Lewis ▁and ▁the ▁London ▁Sym phony ▁or chestra . ▁This ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁co - produ ced ▁by ▁Steve ▁Rob son , ▁Jimmy ▁Page , ▁She pp ard ▁and ▁Le ona ▁Lewis . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁She pp ard ▁performed ▁in ▁ 5 ▁performances ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁series , ▁BBC ▁Prom s : ▁Prom ▁ 9 : ▁El gar |
▁An ni versary , ▁Prom ▁ 1 2 : ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁Prom ▁ 3 8 : ▁Stra vin sky ' s ▁R ite ▁of ▁Spring , ▁Prom ▁ 5 9 : ▁Ton h alle ▁Orchestra , ▁Prom ▁ 6 4 : ▁Ju row ski ▁& ▁London ▁Phil harm onic . ▁For ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁London ▁Olympics ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁She pp ard ▁conducted , ▁re arr anged ▁and ▁edited ▁all ▁ 2 0 5 ▁national ▁anth ems ▁for ▁the ▁w inners ’ ▁cer emon ies . ▁The ▁national ▁anth ems ▁were ▁recorded ▁with ▁The ▁London ▁Phil harm onic ▁Orchestra ▁at ▁Ab bey ▁Road ▁Studios ▁and ▁took ▁ 5 2 ▁recording ▁hours . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁She pp ard , ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁James ▁Lav elle ▁of ▁UN K LE , ▁co - produ ced ▁Day d ream ing ▁With ▁Stanley ▁Kub rick ▁, ▁an ▁audio - visual ▁show ▁set ▁in ▁Som erset ▁House ▁against ▁visual s ▁from ▁Stanley ▁Kub rick ' s ▁various ▁works . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁She pp ard ▁performed ▁live ▁at ▁Facebook ▁Head quarters . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁She pp ard ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁H ATCH ▁Global ▁Imp act ▁Series ▁with ▁International ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Att orney ▁Kim ber ley ▁Mot ley , ▁music ian ▁K T ▁T unst all , ▁spoken ▁word ▁artist ▁Steve ▁Con nell , ▁and ▁Paul ▁Dur ham ▁to ▁raise ▁aw aren ess |
▁for ▁the ▁Identity ▁Project . ▁ ▁In nov ation ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁She pp ard ▁released ▁the ▁game ▁Comp ose ▁Your self ▁through ▁Think Fun , ▁a ▁game ▁that ▁enables ▁players ▁to ▁build ▁their ▁own ▁sym ph onic ▁works ▁using ▁a ▁computer ▁algorithm ▁and ▁a ▁deck ▁of ▁cards . ▁ ▁Ke yn ote ▁speaking ▁She pp ard ▁has ▁delivered ▁ke yn otes ▁on ▁cre ative ▁innov ation , ▁intersection ▁of ▁music ▁and ▁data , ▁the ▁inn ate ▁musical ▁ability ▁within ▁each ▁person , ▁and ▁other ▁topics ▁that ▁connect ▁music ▁to ▁cre ativity , ▁te ch ▁and ▁intros pection ▁in ▁con ferences ▁around ▁the ▁glo be ▁such ▁as ▁C 2 MT L , ▁e . g . ▁conference , ▁Business ▁In nov ation ▁Factory , ▁and ▁The ▁How ▁To ▁Academy . ▁ ▁Phil anth ropy ▁▁ ▁She pp ard ▁previously ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Executive ▁Board ▁of ▁H ATCH , ▁a ▁ 5 0 1 ( c )( 3 ) ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁She pp ard ▁also ▁speak s ▁and ▁performs ▁at ▁various ▁H ATCH ▁events ▁including , ▁the ▁annual ▁Big ▁Sky ▁H ATCH ▁Exper ience ▁and ▁H ATCH E du . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁She pp ard ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁E iff el ▁Tower ▁on ▁the ▁opening ▁night ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ▁Cl imate ▁Change ▁Sum mit , ▁C OP 2 1 , ▁to ▁start ▁ 1 ▁Heart ▁ 1 ▁Tree ' s ▁effort ▁to ▁re - for est ▁conflict |
▁and ▁war ▁zones . ▁The ▁performance ▁and ▁virtual ▁re for est ation ▁installation ▁were ▁live ▁extensions ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 ▁Heart ▁ 1 ▁Tree ▁app ▁that ▁focus es ▁on ▁climate ▁change . ▁The ▁music ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁app ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁E iff el ▁Tower ▁ 3 D ▁pro jections ▁are ▁from ▁She pp ard ' s ▁album , ▁Str ange ▁News ▁from ▁Another ▁Star . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁She pp ard ▁co - f ounded ▁the ▁H ATCH ▁Ost in ato ▁Project , ▁whose ▁mission ▁is ▁to ▁emp ower ▁students ▁to ▁realize ▁that ▁they ▁can ▁compose ▁music ▁by ▁en abling ▁them ▁to ▁experience ▁original , ▁fully ▁realized ▁sounds . ▁The ▁program ▁matches ▁compos ers ▁and ▁profession als ▁with ▁schools ▁and ▁music ▁classes ▁to ▁allow ▁for ▁collaboration ▁on ▁music ▁creation , ▁resulting ▁in ▁professional ▁music ▁production . ▁She pp ard ▁has ▁contributed ▁his ▁music ▁to ▁several ▁films , ▁such ▁as ▁Jos ie ’ s ▁La La ▁Land , ▁an ▁animated ▁film ▁about ▁a ▁four teen ▁year ▁old ' s ▁battle ▁against ▁le uk emia , ▁A ▁Cow ▁Can ▁Change ▁Everything , ▁a ▁short ▁film ▁about ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁families ▁in ▁Ken ya , ▁U g anda , ▁and ▁R w anda ▁and ▁the ▁support ▁they ▁received ▁from ▁the ▁G ates ▁Foundation , ▁and ▁A ▁D anger ous ▁J our ney , ▁an ▁animated ▁film ▁about ▁the ▁explo itation , ▁ab use ▁and ▁de grad ation ▁of ▁children ▁in ▁Africa . ▁She pp ard ▁has ▁also ▁contributed ▁his ▁music |
▁to ▁such ▁organizations ▁as ▁Peace L ove ▁Story t ellers , ▁My Counter p ane , ▁and ▁the ▁BBC ▁Natural ▁History ▁Unit . ▁ ▁Awards , ▁nomin ations ▁and ▁achiev ements ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Solo ▁Albums ▁and ▁Coll abor ations ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Film ▁and ▁television ▁ ▁Live ▁event ▁production ▁ ▁Ke yn otes ▁ ▁Video ▁games ▁ ▁In vent ions ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁She pp ard , ▁Philip . ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Music ▁M akes ▁Your ▁Child ▁S mar ter : ▁How ▁Music ▁Hel ps ▁Every ▁Child ' s ▁Development . ▁( ▁). ▁Sch ir mer ▁Trade ▁Books . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Philip ▁She pp ard ▁website ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : English ▁cell ists ▁Category : English ▁compos ers ▁Category : English ▁conduct ors ▁( music ) ▁Category : B rit ish ▁male ▁conduct ors ▁( music ) ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : A cadem ics ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁conduct ors ▁( music ) ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁British ▁male ▁mus icians <0x0A> </s> ▁B aj p atti ▁( V id han ▁Sab ha ▁constitu ency ) ▁() ▁is ▁an ▁assembly ▁constitu ency ▁in ▁Sit amar hi ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁Bi har . ▁ ▁Over view |
▁ ▁As ▁per ▁Del im itation ▁of ▁Parliament ary ▁and ▁Assembly ▁constitu encies ▁Order , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 7 . ▁B aj p atti ▁( V id han ▁Sab ha ▁constitu ency ) ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁the ▁following : ▁B aj p atti ▁and ▁ ▁B ok h ara ▁community ▁development ▁blocks ; ▁Bir ar , ▁Bh adi yan , ▁Jan ip ur , ▁Bah era ▁Jah id pur , ▁Dor pur , ▁Maj ha ur , ▁Ras ul gan j ▁Ur f ▁Ko ili , ▁Nan pur ▁U tt ari , ▁Nan pur ▁Dak sh ini , ▁D ad ri , ▁Sir si ▁and ▁Ga uri ▁gram ▁pan ch ay ats ▁of ▁Nan pur ▁CD ▁Block . ▁ ▁B aj p atti ▁( V id han ▁Sab ha ▁constitu ency ) ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁ ▁Sit amar hi ▁( L ok ▁Sab ha ▁constitu ency ). ▁ ▁= M embers ▁of ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁ ▁National ▁Highway ▁ 7 7 ▁connect s ▁the ▁area ▁to ▁the ▁Mu za ff arp ur ▁district ▁and ▁Pat na . ▁National ▁High ways ▁ 7 7 , ▁ 1 0 4 , ▁and ▁other ▁roads ▁connect ▁to ▁the ▁ad jo ining ▁districts . ▁State ▁high ways ▁link ▁it ▁to ▁Mad h ub ani ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁She oh ar ▁in ▁the ▁west . ▁The ▁nearest ▁air port ▁to ▁sit amar hi ▁is ▁the ▁Jay ▁P rak ash ▁Nar ay an ▁International ▁Airport ▁which ▁is ▁about ▁ |
1 4 7 . 5 ▁kilometres ▁( 8 0 mi ) ▁away . The ▁nearest ▁railway ▁Station ▁is ▁b aj p atti ▁railway ▁station , ▁which ▁is ▁about ▁two ▁kilom eters . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁partial ▁list ▁of ▁schools ▁in ▁B aj p atti . ▁▁ ▁Sw ami ▁V ive kan and ▁co aching ▁Institute , ▁High ▁School ▁Road ▁ ▁Sh arda ▁Con vent ▁School ▁ ▁G yan ▁G anga ▁Paris ar ▁School ▁ ▁K anya ▁Middle ▁School ▁ ▁Ad ar sh ▁Middle ▁School ▁ ▁St ▁Mary ' s ▁School ▁ ▁Do on ▁Public ▁School ▁ ▁D . P . S , ▁Th ana ▁Road ▁ ▁S . R . P . N ▁High ▁School ▁ ▁K ast ur ba ▁Aw asi ya ▁School ▁ ▁Y S GR ▁Computer ▁Education ▁ ▁Tem ples ▁▁ ▁Ram ▁J ank i ▁Temple ▁ ▁S ai ▁Temple , ▁Station ▁Road ▁ ▁Ma a ▁Mang ala ▁Ka ali ▁Mad ir ▁ ▁Bod h ay an ▁Temple , ▁B anga on ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Assembly ▁constitu encies ▁of ▁Bi har ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁Sit amar hi ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁X y loc op a ▁comb usta ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁car p enter ▁be e . ▁ ▁Description ▁X y loc op a ▁comb usta ▁has ▁a ▁black ▁body ▁with ▁black ▁hair ▁on ▁the ▁head ▁and ▁the ▁thor ax . ▁Br ist les ▁on ▁the ▁pyg id ial ▁area ▁are ▁re dd ish . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁This ▁species ▁can |
▁be ▁found ▁in ▁Sierra ▁Le one , ▁Equ atorial ▁Guinea , ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo , ▁Som alia , ▁Eth iop ia , ▁T anz ania , ▁Moz amb ique , ▁Ang ola . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁E ard ley , ▁C . ▁D . ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁Catalogue ▁of ▁A po idea ▁( H ymen optera ) ▁in ▁Africa ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁Sah ara , ▁Part ▁ 1 , ▁The ▁genus ▁X y loc op a ▁L atre ille ▁( An th op hor idae ), ▁Ent om ology ▁Mem oir , ▁No . ▁ 7 0 ▁B . ▁Bon elli , ▁“ Os serv azioni ▁et o ec olog iche ▁sug li ▁I men ot ter i ▁ac ule ati ▁dell ' E ti op ia . ▁VII ▁X y loc op a ▁( M es ot rich ia ) ▁comb usta ▁Smith ▁( H ymen optera ▁Anth op hor idae ), ” ▁Bol lett ino ▁dell ' I st ituto ▁di ▁Ent om ologia ▁della ▁Univers ita ▁degli ▁St udi ▁di ▁Bolog na , ▁vol . ▁ 3 3 , ▁pp . 1 – 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁ ▁comb usta ▁Category : In sect s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁German ium ( II ) ▁hydro x ide , ▁normally ▁written ▁as ▁Ge ( OH ) 2 ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁poor ly ▁character ised ▁comp ound ▁sometimes ▁called ▁hyd r ous ▁g erman ium ( |
II ) ▁ox ide ▁or ▁g erman ous ▁hydro x ide . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁reported ▁by ▁W ink ler ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 . ▁ ▁Properties ▁and ▁prepar ation ▁German ium ( II ) ▁hydro x ide ▁is ▁formed ▁as ▁a ▁white ▁or ▁yellow ▁precip itate ▁when ▁base ▁is ▁added ▁to ▁solutions ▁containing ▁Ge II ▁produced ▁for ▁example ▁by ▁the ▁reduction ▁of ▁an ▁acid ▁solution ▁of ▁Ge O 2 , ▁g erman ium ▁dio x ide ▁with ▁H 3 PO 2 , ▁hyp oph osph orous ▁acid ▁or ▁altern atively ▁by ▁hydro ly s is ▁of ▁Ge Cl 2 ▁ ▁The ▁initial ▁precip itate , ▁which ▁has ▁no ▁definite ▁sto ichi ometry , ▁can ▁be ▁represented ▁by ▁Ge O .\ math it { x } H 2 O , ▁Ge ( OH ) 2 .\ math it { x } H 2 O ▁or ▁lo os ely ▁Ge ( OH ) 2 ▁and ▁is ▁only ▁slightly ▁sol ub le ▁in ▁water ▁or ▁alk ali ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁appreci ably ▁sol ub le ▁in ▁per ch lor ic ▁acid , ▁H Cl O 4 . ▁It ▁is ▁sol ub le ▁in ▁hydro ch lor ic ▁acid , H Cl . ▁On ▁dig estion ▁with ▁sod ium ▁hydro x ide , ▁Na OH ▁it ▁yields ▁a ▁brown ▁ins ol ub le ▁comp ound ▁which ▁after ▁dry ing ▁in ▁vac uo ▁forms ▁a ▁brown ▁py roph or ic ▁subst ance ▁with ▁the ▁approximate ▁sto ichi ometry ▁of ▁( H Ge ) 2 O |
3 . ▁On ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁the ▁inf ra red ▁spectrum ▁( H Ge ) 2 O 3 ▁may ▁contain ▁a ▁g erman ium ▁hydro gen ▁bond , ▁Ge - H . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : G erman ium ▁comp ounds ▁Category : H ydro x ides <0x0A> </s> ▁Son ▁cub ano ▁is ▁a ▁genre ▁of ▁music ▁and ▁dance ▁that ▁origin ated ▁in ▁the ▁high lands ▁of ▁eastern ▁Cuba ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁syn cret ic ▁genre ▁that ▁bl ends ▁elements ▁of ▁Spanish ▁and ▁African ▁origin . ▁Among ▁its ▁fundamental ▁His pan ic ▁components ▁are ▁the ▁vocal ▁style , ▁lyr ical ▁met re ▁and ▁the ▁prim acy ▁of ▁the ▁tres , ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁Spanish ▁guitar . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁its ▁characteristic ▁cla ve ▁rh ythm , ▁call ▁and ▁response ▁structure ▁and ▁per cussion ▁section ▁( b ongo , ▁mar ac as , ▁etc .) ▁are ▁all ▁root ed ▁in ▁trad itions ▁of ▁B ant u ▁origin . ▁ ▁Ar ound ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁the ▁son ▁reached ▁Hav ana , ▁where ▁the ▁first ▁record ings ▁were ▁made ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁This ▁marked ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁its ▁expansion ▁throughout ▁the ▁island , ▁becoming ▁Cuba ' s ▁most ▁popular ▁and ▁influ ential ▁genre . ▁While ▁early ▁groups ▁had ▁between ▁three ▁and ▁five ▁members , ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁the ▁se xt eto ▁( se xt et ) ▁became ▁the ▁genre ' s ▁primary ▁format |