text stringlengths 27 153 | label stringlengths 27 153 | id int64 0 40k |
|---|---|---|
requires good high designing skills problems. and insight the usually into However, system mathematical PDE | However, designing PDE system usually requires high mathematical skills and good insight into the problems. | 3,400 |
vision results can problems PDEs well. The solve reasonably that experimental show learnt the different | The experimental results show that the learnt PDEs can solve different vision problems reasonably well. | 3,401 |
can measures. for used be both approximate These exact and services similarity using matching, | These services can be used for both exact and approximate matching, using similarity measures. | 3,402 |
measure are adopting quality information from presented well-established of retrieval. textual borrowed a Results | Results are presented adopting a well-established measure of quality borrowed from textual information retrieval. | 3,403 |
analysis fundamental Object detection video in applications. a for automated step is many vision | Object detection is a fundamental step for automated video analysis in many vision applications. | 3,404 |
detection techniques. performed or usually in detectors by Object video a subtraction object background is | Object detection in a video is usually performed by object detectors or background subtraction techniques. | 3,405 |
automate separate a becomes task. analysis, critical a object detection the To phase without training | To automate the analysis, object detection without a separate training phase becomes a critical task. | 3,406 |
tried People information. to have by using this tackle task motion | People have tried to tackle this task by using motion information. | 3,407 |
explain between the other We DECOLOR sparsity-based methods. relations and | We explain the relations between DECOLOR and other sparsity-based methods. | 3,408 |
long-reach passive focused the networks. of on resilient design optical an We present application | We present an application focused on the design of resilient long-reach passive optical networks. | 3,409 |
to failure. property metro important of a resilience such node is single An placement | An important property of such a placement is resilience to single metro node failure. | 3,410 |
NP-Complete. prove problem that this We is | We prove that this problem is NP-Complete. | 3,411 |
for network based We Ireland. consider case-study a detailed a on | We consider a detailed case-study based on a network for Ireland. | 3,412 |
machine recognition language. segmentation in critical of is of any phases one the Document | Document segmentation is one of the critical phases in machine recognition of any language. | 3,413 |
technique. recognition decides the segmentation symbols Correct of accuracy of character individual | Correct segmentation of individual symbols decides the accuracy of character recognition technique. | 3,414 |
most in the India. script is popular Devnagari | Devnagari is the most popular script in India. | 3,415 |
used Sanskrit for and It Nepali languages. Marathi, writing is Hindi, | It is used for writing Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit and Nepali languages. | 3,416 |
most popular is the the language world. Moreover, third Hindi in | Moreover, Hindi is the third most popular language in the world. | 3,417 |
vowels, various consonants of documents Devnagari consist and modifiers. | Devnagari documents consist of vowels, consonants and various modifiers. | 3,418 |
is proper Hence challenging. segmentation word Devnagari of | Hence proper segmentation of Devnagari word is challenging. | 3,419 |
simple paper. Devnagari documents is proposed histogram this segment to based in A approach | A simple histogram based approach to segment Devnagari documents is proposed in this paper. | 3,420 |
also Various are of challenges Devnagari script discussed. segmentation in | Various challenges in segmentation of Devnagari script are also discussed. | 3,421 |
results. paper presents this implementation series experimental performance and third discusses The ZAPs in | The third paper in this series discusses ZAPs implementation and presents experimental performance results. | 3,422 |
in Wind role an of energy increasing world-wide. energy supply plays the | Wind energy plays an increasing role in the supply of energy world-wide. | 3,423 |
of variables We energy correlation the the the reveal for output. different | We reveal the correlation of the different variables for the energy output. | 3,424 |
between network networks. regulatory Topological relationships and within motifs protein-protein functional interaction and represent | Topological network motifs represent functional relationships within and between regulatory and protein-protein interaction networks. | 3,425 |
self-contained functional Enriched modules. often units into aggregate forming motifs | Enriched motifs often aggregate into self-contained units forming functional modules. | 3,426 |
to mar/car assumptions. in-depth questions of analysis paper we provide an this several relating In | In this paper we provide an in-depth analysis of several questions relating to mar/car assumptions. | 3,427 |
fact by mar/car is question versions complicated the assumptions distinct of that This several exist. | This question is complicated by the fact that several distinct versions of mar/car assumptions exist. | 3,428 |
less show most versions and We are restrictive applications. that for sufficient distributional | We show that distributional versions are less restrictive and sufficient for most applications. | 3,429 |
at and measures local provide nominal associations evaluations levels. both of global detailed These | These measures provide detailed evaluations of nominal associations at both local and global levels. | 3,430 |
association classification. matrix rise matrix proposed also generalized to gives in the confusion The expected | The proposed association matrix also gives rise to the expected generalized confusion matrix in classification. | 3,431 |
The association equivalence vector and matrix relations also of shown. hierarchy defined by the are | The hierarchy of equivalence relations defined by the association vector and matrix are also shown. | 3,432 |
provides This drivers. driving filter also patterns insights about of | This filter also provides insights about driving patterns of drivers. | 3,433 |
also recent that make integer some significantly upon touch encodings developments competitive. more programming We | We also touch upon some recent developments that make integer programming encodings significantly more competitive. | 3,434 |
each construct first hypotheses We segmentation a of for set nested slice. neuron | We first construct a nested set of neuron segmentation hypotheses for each slice. | 3,435 |
empirically tabu novel predictions Finally, behavior. algorithm two and regarding search discuss we substantiate | Finally, we discuss and empirically substantiate two novel predictions regarding tabu search algorithm behavior. | 3,436 |
explicitly information. and given processing for investigating | for investigating and processing explicitly given information. | 3,437 |
SNR define factor. effectiveness We by against reconstruction compression plotting | We define effectiveness by plotting reconstruction SNR against compression factor. | 3,438 |
limited to linear sensing. non-adaptive scope is The | The scope is limited to linear non-adaptive sensing. | 3,439 |
The experimentally are on of algorithms the domain resulting from bioinformatics. representation and evaluated problems | The resulting representation and algorithms are experimentally evaluated on problems from the domain of bioinformatics. | 3,440 |
relational Markov an selection (MDPs). policy Decision study large Processes We approach to for | We study an approach to policy selection for large relational Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). | 3,441 |
suggesting to also work. limitations approach, The point our of future experiments some | The experiments also point to some limitations of our approach, suggesting future work. | 3,442 |
technique processing. a is for general Variable constraint elimination | Variable elimination is a general technique for constraint processing. | 3,443 |
space is complexity. its It discarded of high because often | It is often discarded because of its high space complexity. | 3,444 |
combined be extremely it useful with when techniques. However, can other | However, it can be extremely useful when combined with other techniques. | 3,445 |
that the techniques these empirically. and option theoretically show both are known best We | We show that these techniques are the best known option both theoretically and empirically. | 3,446 |
methods. include dynamic search, programming, structured and These heuristic | These include dynamic programming, heuristic search, and structured methods. | 3,447 |
the Using that their performance. compare certain and we affect NMRDPP, problem features identify methods | Using NMRDPP, we compare the methods and identify certain problem features that affect their performance. | 3,448 |
problem framework. can Sophisticated domains be in formalised our | Sophisticated problem domains can be formalised in our framework. | 3,449 |
of paper problem learning studies policies from This diagnostic the training examples. | This paper studies the problem of learning diagnostic policies from training examples. | 3,450 |
a costs. is there most In between kinds of tradeoff settings, diagnostic two these | In most diagnostic settings, there is a tradeoff between these two kinds of costs. | 3,451 |
diagnostic paper (MDP). as a Decision Process This Markov making decision formalizes | This paper formalizes diagnostic decision making as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). | 3,452 |
some including greedy also several over algorithms methods. previously-published paper improvements introduces The | The paper also introduces several greedy algorithms including some improvements over previously-published methods. | 3,453 |
addresses the The then of policies examples. learning question diagnostic from paper | The paper then addresses the question of learning diagnostic policies from examples. | 3,454 |
integrated regularizers To into reduce the are overfitting, algorithms. search | To reduce overfitting, regularizers are integrated into the search algorithms. | 3,455 |
Finally, methods benchmark sets. data diagnostic the the proposed paper compares on five | Finally, the paper compares the proposed methods on five benchmark diagnostic data sets. | 3,456 |
and commercial defense optimal solutions applications. be Provably may desirable for | Provably optimal solutions may be desirable for commercial and defense applications. | 3,457 |
work our extend Rao-Blackwellised earlier in first RDBNs. We filtering the particle described to | We first extend the Rao-Blackwellised particle filtering described in our earlier work to RDBNs. | 3,458 |
first uses predicates smooth hierarchies over estimates. the abstraction one particle the to filters The | The first one uses abstraction hierarchies over the predicates to smooth the particle filters estimates. | 3,459 |
function relational for The designed with second estimation specifically a domains. kernel kernel density employs | The second employs kernel density estimation with a kernel function specifically designed for relational domains. | 3,460 |
integrating of require remote multiple ? these can In addition, information since tasks sources | In addition, since these tasks can require integrating multiple sources of remote information ? | 3,461 |
it efficient possible. make is to as execution desirable as | it is desirable to make execution as efficient as possible. | 3,462 |
the and THESEUS. a both have language We system executor implemented in called | We have implemented both the language and executor in a system called THESEUS. | 3,463 |
algorithm present value a randomized Perseus. called iteration point-based We | We present a randomized point-based value iteration algorithm called Perseus. | 3,464 |
same be We can action with how to extended dealing show spaces. idea continuous the | We show how the same idea can be extended to dealing with continuous action spaces. | 3,465 |
the Experimental of POMDP large in scale Perseus show problems. potential results | Experimental results show the potential of Perseus in large scale POMDP problems. | 3,466 |
in current remain planning, AI planners. Despite progress challenging for many recent benchmarks | Despite recent progress in AI planning, many benchmarks remain challenging for current planners. | 3,467 |
strategy. Our share a common methods four-step | Our methods share a common four-step strategy. | 3,468 |
A and filtering the ranking useful procedure selects most macro-operators. | A filtering and ranking procedure selects the most useful macro-operators. | 3,469 |
to Finally, speed used the are searches. macros up future selected | Finally, the selected macros are used to speed up future searches. | 3,470 |
international We ideas effectiveness the competitions. of from planning on benchmarks our demonstrate | We demonstrate the effectiveness of our ideas on benchmarks from international planning competitions. | 3,471 |
sites, sites, model. finite unlinked markers or mutating a We to according biallelic consider infinite | We consider unlinked biallelic markers mutating according to a finite sites, or infinite sites, model. | 3,472 |
text first, skew regions are extracted corrected. and At | At first, text regions are extracted and skew corrected. | 3,473 |
into and regions characters. Then, lines segmented these binarized are and | Then, these regions are binarized and segmented into lines and characters. | 3,474 |
recognition are into module. the passed Characters | Characters are passed into the recognition module. | 3,475 |
them a easy Designing an neighborhoods fashion applying and in task. meaningful not is these | Designing these neighborhoods and applying them in a meaningful fashion is not an easy task. | 3,476 |
order are in must appropriate which Moreover, determined. be applied they an | Moreover, an appropriate order in which they are applied must be determined. | 3,477 |
paper investigate attempt this we In to this issue. | In this paper we attempt to investigate this issue. | 3,478 |
inventory The on biobjective routing a problem. the article study presents | The article presents a study on the biobjective inventory routing problem. | 3,479 |
safety in issue critical paramount example, settings. For is of the confidence | For example, the issue of confidence is paramount in safety critical settings. | 3,480 |
based studied Recent branch-and-bound on Boolean search. optimizers the work of validation | Recent work studied the validation of Boolean optimizers based on branch-and-bound search. | 3,481 |
oracle. This both entails unsatisfiable solutions from answers implementing and NP the for satisfiable validating | This entails implementing solutions for validating both satisfiable and unsatisfiable answers from the NP oracle. | 3,482 |
of accompanied, birth proteins of electrophoresis Two-dimensional has and the proteomics. preceded, | Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins has preceded, and accompanied, the birth of proteomics. | 3,483 |
(e.g. electrophoresis Then and limitations are two-dimensional of features positive the discussed | Then the limitations and positive features of two-dimensional electrophoresis are discussed (e.g. | 3,484 |
by example taken the illustrated literature a from commented in and detailed detail. This is | This is illustrated by a detailed example taken from the literature and commented in detail. | 3,485 |
and classification Machines. performs pathway Boltzmann using identity appearance The (factored)-Restricted models deep object | The identity pathway models object appearance and performs classification using deep (factored)-Restricted Boltzmann Machines. | 3,486 |
control location, orientation, the and models attended scale pathway of object. speed the The | The control pathway models the location, orientation, scale and speed of the attended object. | 3,487 |
of estimated particle these states posterior filtering. is The distribution with | The posterior distribution of these states is estimated with particle filtering. | 3,488 |
chemotaxis an particular, In to chemoeffector cooperatively interact ultrasensitive bacterial to receptors concentrations. produce response | In particular, bacterial chemotaxis receptors interact cooperatively to produce an ultrasensitive response to chemoeffector concentrations. | 3,489 |
study Muller's of accumulation. effect the to provides framework ratchet a quantitative | Muller's ratchet provides a quantitative framework to study the effect of accumulation. | 3,490 |
We Methods: ratchet. maps to describe Muller's Wright-Fisher how process | Methods: We describe how Wright-Fisher process maps to Muller's ratchet. | 3,491 |
general diffusion landscape adaptive from construct analytically equation. We | We analytically construct adaptive landscape from general diffusion equation. | 3,492 |
from model adaptive generalize We landscape of application diffusion viewpoint. the | We generalize the application of diffusion model from adaptive landscape viewpoint. | 3,493 |
More a us importantly, the model perform evaluation. to principled directed enables | More importantly, the directed model enables us to perform a principled evaluation. | 3,494 |
cards, case it suit is rank each In of the of and playing the card. | In the case of playing cards, it is the suit and rank of each card. | 3,495 |
system passes. image processing done in two is The | The image processing system is done in two passes. | 3,496 |
been the theory uncertainty measures of In introduced. have many functions, belief of | In the theory of belief functions, many measures of uncertainty have been introduced. | 3,497 |
these represent. not what easy really it always to to measures try is However, understand | However, it is not always easy to understand what these measures really try to represent. | 3,498 |
this re-interpret In belief of theory the uncertainty in some we paper, of measures functions. | In this paper, we re-interpret some measures of uncertainty in the theory of belief functions. | 3,499 |
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