text stringlengths 27 153 | label stringlengths 27 153 | id int64 0 40k |
|---|---|---|
learning resolution Nogood be as solvers seen proof systems. can | Nogood learning solvers can be seen as resolution proof systems. | 7,700 |
CP system, problem. the solve faster can it stronger The the proof a | The stronger the proof system, the faster it can solve a CP problem. | 7,701 |
systems \emph{extended as exist. stronger such resolution} proof However, | However, stronger proof systems such as \emph{extended resolution} exist. | 7,702 |
noncentral a Student's $t$-distribution of The is the generalization $t$-distribution. | The noncentral $t$-distribution is a generalization of the Student's $t$-distribution. | 7,703 |
solving SAT become portfolio approaches In common. CSPs years, problems to have increasingly and recent | In recent years, portfolio approaches to solving SAT problems and CSPs have become increasingly common. | 7,704 |
encodings a are There representing number instances. also CSPs as different of SAT for | There are also a number of different encodings for representing CSPs as SAT instances. | 7,705 |
dramatically the and requirement. burden memory This computational increases | This dramatically increases the computational burden and memory requirement. | 7,706 |
proposed the enhancement. luminance-independent method this way, In a contrast can provide | In this way, the proposed method can provide a luminance-independent contrast enhancement. | 7,707 |
a established. the is amount From varying of data, population | From the data, a varying amount of population is established. | 7,708 |
of nature questions these correlations. surround Open basic the | Open questions surround the basic nature of these correlations. | 7,709 |
sexual The of reproduction of prevalence enigma an biology. ("sex") is evolutionary eukaryotes in | The prevalence of sexual reproduction ("sex") in eukaryotes is an enigma of evolutionary biology. | 7,710 |
long-term increases its superiority essence. in variation tells genetic only Sex | Sex increases genetic variation only tells its long-term superiority in essence. | 7,711 |
ubiquitous causes for accumulation of an and mutations organisms. harmful The immediate pressure | The accumulation of harmful mutations causes an immediate and ubiquitous pressure for organisms. | 7,712 |
irreversibly reduces A reproductive than lower population become the extinct to rate will once R*. | A population will become irreversibly extinct once the reproductive rate reduces to lower than R*. | 7,713 |
explains asexual and as That persistence facultative of widespread organisms. the as sex the well | That explains the widespread sex as well as the persistence of facultative and asexual organisms. | 7,714 |
the for in real and illustrated adaptive are datasets. simulated The improvements in efficiency samplers | The improvements in efficiency for the adaptive samplers are illustrated in real and simulated datasets. | 7,715 |
Decreases well production fisheries decreased loads are in also documented. are when nutrient | Decreases in fisheries production when nutrient loads are decreased are also well documented. | 7,716 |
very of many image crucial is processing quality image applications. Measurement to | Measurement of image quality is very crucial to many image processing applications. | 7,717 |
codecs. prevalent most technique the compression compression is for JPEG lossy which image is | JPEG compression is the lossy compression which is most prevalent technique for image codecs. | 7,718 |
artifacts. Various reduce to deblocking used blocking filters are | Various deblocking filters are used to reduce blocking artifacts. | 7,719 |
introduce approach PSNR-B deblocked for of of quality analyzing We images. a new | We introduce a new approach of PSNR-B for analyzing quality of deblocked images. | 7,720 |
approach new results of called modified show Simulation PSNR-B that PSNR-B. | Simulation results show that new approach of PSNR-B called modified PSNR-B. | 7,721 |
known existing . gives better specific it compared well even blockiness results to indices | it gives even better results compared to existing well known blockiness specific indices . | 7,722 |
genetic recent human evidence found have population growth Population for history. in dramatic studies | Population genetic studies have found evidence for dramatic population growth in recent human history. | 7,723 |
association significant number detected. demography of the affect not Moreover, does here | Moreover, here demography does not affect the number of significant association detected. | 7,724 |
We propose fair max-min timetabling the course curriculum-based decomposition (MMF-CB-CTT) problem. of a | We propose a decomposition of the max-min fair curriculum-based course timetabling (MMF-CB-CTT) problem. | 7,725 |
assignment the The optimization subproblem generalized bottleneck (LBOP). room models as decomposition a problem lexicographic | The decomposition models the room assignment subproblem as a generalized lexicographic bottleneck optimization problem (LBOP). | 7,726 |
the a efficiently. As can consequence, subproblem room problem of the be assignment MMF-CB-CTT solved | As a consequence, the room assignment subproblem of the MMF-CB-CTT problem can be solved efficiently. | 7,727 |
We for proposed a use the problem. insight improve MMF-CB-CTT algorithm previously to this heuristic | We use this insight to improve a previously proposed heuristic algorithm for the MMF-CB-CTT problem. | 7,728 |
scholarships. the more becoming fees more expensive, are As for apply education students | As the education fees are becoming more expensive, more students apply for scholarships. | 7,729 |
hundreds even by sponsor. Consequently, and thousands be of handled to the applications need | Consequently, hundreds and even thousands of applications need to be handled by the sponsor. | 7,730 |
problems, need solve on some several the (criteria) to attributes selected. alternatives be based To | To solve the problems, some alternatives based on several attributes (criteria) need to be selected. | 7,731 |
were data. Data fuzzy used a crisp and | Data used were a crisp and fuzzy data. | 7,732 |
response. tended spatial to purely retinal in correlations increase Meanwhile, correlations the | Meanwhile, purely spatial correlations tended to increase correlations in the retinal response. | 7,733 |
model The traditional such contour on images. work active not does | The traditional active contour model does not work on such images. | 7,734 |
contour Manifold to In active model this on generalize paper, the we images. work valued | In this paper, we generalize the active contour model to work on Manifold valued images. | 7,735 |
regions our values algorithm expected, detects with image. As similar in Manifold the | As expected, our algorithm detects regions with similar Manifold values in the image. | 7,736 |
and results images. texture demonstrate segmentation manifold images for We valued | We demonstrate segmentation results for manifold valued images and texture images. | 7,737 |
sensory requires predictions inputs. Guiding brain future behavior about make to the | Guiding behavior requires the brain to make predictions about future sensory inputs. | 7,738 |
Proper subsequent and measures similarity two applied. are statistical of introduced analysis is curves a | Proper similarity measures of two curves are introduced and a subsequent statistical analysis is applied. | 7,739 |
mathematical is of though. no texture a definition There | There is no mathematical definition of a texture though. | 7,740 |
Automating far trivial. this a for computer from is task | Automating this task for a computer is far from trivial. | 7,741 |
algorithm an paper, this for texture based unsupervised propose In contour novel active segmentation. we | In this paper, we propose an active contour based novel unsupervised algorithm for texture segmentation. | 7,742 |
on and of real both our demonstrate We texture algorithm images. performance artificial | We demonstrate performance of our algorithm on both artificial and real texture images. | 7,743 |
defined these weighted-sum a as Vulnerability is of components. | Vulnerability is defined as a weighted-sum of these components. | 7,744 |
was A reduced penalty for vulnerability. imposed | A penalty was imposed for reduced vulnerability. | 7,745 |
also region, but focus not context only can Our shape. system and global region preserve | Our system can preserve not only focus region, but also context region and global shape. | 7,746 |
backed thorough Our by studies. theoretical results are numerical up | Our theoretical results are backed up by thorough numerical studies. | 7,747 |
uncertainty partial equations. propagating ordinary for a and Polynomial through chaos technique is powerful differential | Polynomial chaos is a powerful technique for propagating uncertainty through ordinary and partial differential equations. | 7,748 |
spatial resolution to of images hyperspectral Hyperspectral low pixels sensors. mixed contain due | Hyperspectral images contain mixed pixels due to low spatial resolution of hyperspectral sensors. | 7,749 |
called pixels pixels than containing distinct material more Mixed one endmembers. are | Mixed pixels are pixels containing more than one distinct material called endmembers. | 7,750 |
of percentages presence endmembers pixels The are called in mixed fractions. abundance | The presence percentages of endmembers in mixed pixels are called abundance fractions. | 7,751 |
characterizing five at present aimed paper, axioms this we inconsistency In indices. | In this paper, we present five axioms aimed at characterizing inconsistency indices. | 7,752 |
assumptions, The used theoretical developed framework algorithms. here SMC several commonly cover, will under | The theoretical framework developed here will cover, under assumptions, several commonly used SMC algorithms. | 7,753 |
genes. have gene to Such generally as marker families referred been | Such gene families have generally been referred to as marker genes. | 7,754 |
phylogenetic to (for We refer and these markers. phylogenetic ecology) as therefore PhyEco | We therefore refer to these as PhyEco (for phylogenetic and phylogenetic ecology) markers. | 7,755 |
In is paper, an deterministic this scheme this proposed. for mean approximating iterative | In this paper, an iterative deterministic scheme for approximating this mean is proposed. | 7,756 |
Hence transformations are geometric called all these elementary. | Hence all these geometric transformations are called elementary. | 7,757 |
is of the important component current An methods assembly scaffolding process. | An important component of current assembly methods is the scaffolding process. | 7,758 |
theory, for signal suitable Based representation dictionary sparse CS a the of is on required. | Based on CS theory, a suitable dictionary for sparse representation of the signal is required. | 7,759 |
optimal. adaptive to proved dictionary be is The | The adaptive dictionary is proved to be optimal. | 7,760 |
CR-DL start-of-the-art and DR-DL with al. the proposed Compared by et Merlet methods | Compared with the start-of-the-art CR-DL and DR-DL methods proposed by Merlet et al. | 7,761 |
al., Bilgic offers espectively, our work and et advantages. the following | and Bilgic et al., espectively, our work offers the following advantages. | 7,762 |
learned dictionary diffusion signals. optimal proved to be First, is the Gaussian for | First, the learned dictionary is proved to be optimal for Gaussian diffusion signals. | 7,763 |
the first a is Second, this learn to to our voxel-adaptive work dictionary. knowledge, | Second, to our knowledge, this is the first work to learn a voxel-adaptive dictionary. | 7,764 |
will of theoretically in the dictionary reconstruction importance demonstrated adaptive The and EAP be empirically. | The importance of the adaptive dictionary in EAP reconstruction will be demonstrated theoretically and empirically. | 7,765 |
we alternative model. an propose VAR estimating in the In manuscript, this way | In this manuscript, we propose an alternative way in estimating the VAR model. | 7,766 |
theoretical into new brings insights the model In addition, our analysis. VAR method | In addition, our method brings new theoretical insights into the VAR model analysis. | 7,767 |
Such indirect the and matrices transparent. conditions not about transition are | Such conditions are indirect about the transition matrices and not transparent. | 7,768 |
both prediction. for provide of convergence explicit estimation rates and We | We provide explicit rates of convergence for both estimation and prediction. | 7,769 |
such assumption how it affected if However, is are is last dropped. the unclear tests | However, it is unclear how such tests are affected if the last assumption is dropped. | 7,770 |
A frequency the moments to the spectrum. is key of ingredient first specify two | A key ingredient is to specify the first two moments of the frequency spectrum. | 7,771 |
populations, may mutations simultaneously spreading. In be large multiple beneficial | In large populations, multiple beneficial mutations may be simultaneously spreading. | 7,772 |
or management not. huge a whether has role hospitalized of Imaging patients, the occupied in | Imaging has occupied a huge role in the management of patients, whether hospitalized or not. | 7,773 |
variety a patients Depending imaging on were use. modalities the available clinical problem, for of | Depending on the patients clinical problem, a variety of imaging modalities were available for use. | 7,774 |
of birth process. image medical This of the gave annotation | This gave birth of the annotation of medical image process. | 7,775 |
semantic gap. is problem to annotation the of solve image intended The and analysis | The annotation is intended to image analysis and solve the problem of semantic gap. | 7,776 |
increase is due to in acquisition images. of for annotation The reason image | The reason for image annotation is due to increase in acquisition of images. | 7,777 |
the the activity design most The successful phase in of important is process. building annotation | The design phase is the most important activity in the successful building of annotation process. | 7,778 |
consistent obtained Values seem observed. those with | Values obtained seem consistent with those observed. | 7,779 |
image is Segmentation Image partitioning into classes. technique of some distinct original a the | Image Segmentation is a technique of partitioning the original image into some distinct classes. | 7,780 |
multilevel segmentation. thresholding technique been In method, used has proposed for our image | In our proposed method, multilevel thresholding technique has been used for image segmentation. | 7,781 |
is (CS) of optimal of value. threshold for Cuckoo used approach A selection Search new | A new approach of Cuckoo Search (CS) is used for selection of optimal threshold value. | 7,782 |
quality. segmentation MSE measured understand are to PSNR Finally, and the | Finally, MSE and PSNR are measured to understand the segmentation quality. | 7,783 |
complexity of as of serves a the measure text. structural It | It serves as a measure of structural complexity of the text. | 7,784 |
It in is data detection anomaly applied to transmission. | It is applied to anomaly detection in data transmission. | 7,785 |
demonstrate the that integration leads sources to of robust multiple data more We performance. | We demonstrate that the integration of multiple data sources leads to more robust performance. | 7,786 |
A copula is of to dependencies these approach a express in terms function. common | A common approach is to express these dependencies in terms of a copula function. | 7,787 |
To estimation the account of framework for proposed. for is a Bayesian copulas this, conditional | To account for this, a Bayesian framework for the estimation of conditional copulas is proposed. | 7,788 |
our We and by cancer advocate important view relevant combining concepts. reviewing | We advocate our view by reviewing and combining important cancer relevant concepts. | 7,789 |
many existed years. markets India for In have financial | In India financial markets have existed for many years. | 7,790 |
exist maturity markets varying Today debt, and of commodities foreign in exchange. equity, | Today markets of varying maturity exist in equity, debt, commodities and foreign exchange. | 7,791 |
Fuzzy Computational use of Sets, such Networks, etc. as Intelligence Genetic Algorithms, The Systems Neural | The use of Computational Intelligence Systems such as Neural Networks, Fuzzy Sets, Genetic Algorithms, etc. | 7,792 |
has Predictions established. Stock widely Market been for | for Stock Market Predictions has been widely established. | 7,793 |
the knowledge from extract to is stock daily in of The form movements. process rules | The process is to extract knowledge in the form of rules from daily stock movements. | 7,794 |
can These used rules guide be then to investors. | These rules can then be used to guide investors. | 7,795 |
paradigm is develop used rule extraction a The thus algorithm. to | The paradigm is thus used to develop a rule extraction algorithm. | 7,796 |
problem Problem widely has Transportation Research domain. studied is in which been Operations an important | Transportation Problem is an important problem which has been widely studied in Operations Research domain. | 7,797 |
simulate life It often real been to has used problems. different | It has been often used to simulate different real life problems. | 7,798 |
In application remarkable Hard has Problems in of this significance. particular, Problem NP a | In particular, application of this Problem in NP Hard Problems has a remarkable significance. | 7,799 |
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