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Thessalonica of Theodosius I
Who intitiated Christianity to be a state church of the Roman Empire?
state-sponsored support
What was the church lacking before the edict that would allow them to legally counter heresy?
state powers of legal enforcement
What did church authorities gain as a result of this edict?
death sentence
What punishment is cited as church authorities being able to exact on individuals perceived as heretics?
Priscillian
Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome?
excommunicated
What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death?
Catholics
What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation?
Cayetano Ripoll
Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church?
Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter
From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy?
obstinate and willful manifest heresy
What is thought of to spiritually cut one off from the Church even before excommunication?
The Codex Justinianus
What book gives the definition of a heretic as anyone that does not follow the Catholic Church or the orthodox holy faith?
Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism
What groups are cited as being considered heretical by the Church before the 11th century?
Paulicians
What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe?
Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars
What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century?
France
In what country did the Cathars grow to represent a popular movement?
The Cathar Crusade
What was started by the Roman Catholic Church to dispense of the Cathars in Languedoc?
Heresy
What was a major reason and justification for the Europian wars of religion?
Galileo Galilei
Who was brought before the Inquisition for heresy but renounced his beliefs and thus remained under house arrest for life?
the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe
What belief did Galileo have at the time that appeared to be extremely heretical to the church?
Pope St. Gregory
Who denounced Jewish People in many of his writings?
Christ
What were the Jews described as enemies of?
Jewish
According to Pope St. Gregory what religion must you be in order to be a heretic?
Roman-Christian law
In what culture of law were Jews and heretics often lumped together?
Eastern Christianity
What area of Christianity commonly cited the first seven Ecumenical Councils in regards to heresy?
Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation
After what two events did various Christian churches also begin using the first seven Ecumenical Councils to identify heresy?
Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm
What beginning Christian heresies did the Orthodox Church also reject during this time?
"On the Jews and Their Lies"
What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy?
blasphemous
What term does Luther assign to the practice of Jewish Prayer?
Jewish circumcision
What is said to be a special spiritual problem?
European Reformation
What event in England during the 16th century had an outcome of many deaths for heresy?
Henry VIII
During what king's reign did 60 Protestants die for heresy?
Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher
What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England?
Edward VI
Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547?
1612
In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy?
1659, 1660, and 1661
During which years did the execution of the Boston martyrs take place?
Anglican Puritans
Which group was responsible for the deaths of the Boston martyrs?
purer absolute theocracy
What goal is cited as the reason these killings took place?
Quaker sect
What rival group did the Anglican Puritans want purged from their area?
Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox
Which two groups viewed the Puritans themselves as nothing more than heresy?
1826
What year did the deaths of heretics under Christianity come to an end?
Cayetano Ripoll
Who was the last heretic put to death under the Catholic Inquisition?
Christian
Under which religion do charges of heresy still occur in modern times?
Protestant
Which religion is cited as having problems with modern biblical criticism?
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
What belief of the Catholic Church criticizes writings without using the word heresy?
Spanish inquisition
What event is stated as a reason why the word heretic is used less often in modern times?
Jorge Luis Borges
Who was the author of the short story "The Theologians"?
Christian heresy
What subject does the question of who has a monopoly on spiritual truth regard?
Shia Qizilbash
What group did Sultan Selim the Grim label as heretics?
70
What number of Christians did Selim the Grim equate to the killing of one Shiite?
Sharia law
What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution?
Salman Rushdie
What author was declared a heretic and had a bounty placed on his head by the government of Iran?
heretical
What does Orthodox Judaism regard Jews who depart from traditional practices as?
right-wing groups
What alignment within Orthodox Judaism view individuals as heretics that reject Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith?
The liberal wing
Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism?
squirreling
What term is used for the act of using Church of Scientology techniques in contrast to what Hubbard envisioned?
The Religious Technology Center
What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission?
innovation
What must be welcomed in areas for the term do be perceived as complimentary?
an abstraction
What did Isaac Asimov consider heresy as?
endoheretics
Which type of heresy is the scientific community well equipped to defend itself against?
orthodoxy
What has heresy within the scientific community repeatedly become?
The Dinosaur Heresies
What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs?
the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough
What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years?
Jurassic Park
What film did Robert T. Bakker's book reportedly influence?
active poses
What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as?
endoheretic
What label is associated with Robert T. Bakker as a result of his work?
exoheretic
What label is associated with Immanuel Velikovsky due to his works outside the accepted discipline?
scientific journals
What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice?
extinction event and punctuated equilibrium
What two examples of ideas from Immanuel Velikovsky are stated as to have gained some acceptance?
an established orthodoxy
By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on?
metaphors
What figure of speech is the word heresy commonly used as in present day scenarios?
1955
In which year was the Warsaw Pact established?
Soviet Union
Which nation formed the nucleus of the Warsaw Pact?
the Cold War
Which conflict was the impetus for the formation of the Pact?
seven
How many Soviet allied countries were members of the Warsaw Pact?
West Germany
The acceptance of which country into NATO prompted the formation of the Warsaw Pact?
NATO
Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?
Czechoslovakia
Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment?
Solidarity
What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?
Czechoslovakia
Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment?
1989
In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively?
Solidarity
What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?
Hungary
In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place?
Václav Havel
Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact?
the USSR
Despite being headquartered in Poland, the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?
the USSR
Which nation was in effective control of both political and military functions of the Warsaw Pact?
socialism and communism
Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?
Brezhnev
Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line?
Western Europe
The Soviet Union feared invasion from which potential enemy?
West Germany
The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself?
the USSR
Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament?
Molotov
Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification?
1952
When was reunification first proposed as an idea?
the USA
The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition?
Hastings Ismay
Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO?
burglar
To what did the British general compare the USSR in his opposition to their joining NATO?
1954
In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States?
France
Which NATO country feared a unified and rearmed Germany?
1954
In which year was West Germany admitted to NATO?
Norway
Halvard Lange was a minister of which NATO member?
May
In which month of 1955 was this pact declared?