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Thessalonica of Theodosius I | Who intitiated Christianity to be a state church of the Roman Empire? |
state-sponsored support | What was the church lacking before the edict that would allow them to legally counter heresy? |
state powers of legal enforcement | What did church authorities gain as a result of this edict? |
death sentence | What punishment is cited as church authorities being able to exact on individuals perceived as heretics? |
Priscillian | Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome? |
excommunicated | What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death? |
Catholics | What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation? |
Cayetano Ripoll | Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church? |
Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter | From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy? |
obstinate and willful manifest heresy | What is thought of to spiritually cut one off from the Church even before excommunication? |
The Codex Justinianus | What book gives the definition of a heretic as anyone that does not follow the Catholic Church or the orthodox holy faith? |
Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism | What groups are cited as being considered heretical by the Church before the 11th century? |
Paulicians | What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe? |
Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars | What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century? |
France | In what country did the Cathars grow to represent a popular movement? |
The Cathar Crusade | What was started by the Roman Catholic Church to dispense of the Cathars in Languedoc? |
Heresy | What was a major reason and justification for the Europian wars of religion? |
Galileo Galilei | Who was brought before the Inquisition for heresy but renounced his beliefs and thus remained under house arrest for life? |
the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe | What belief did Galileo have at the time that appeared to be extremely heretical to the church? |
Pope St. Gregory | Who denounced Jewish People in many of his writings? |
Christ | What were the Jews described as enemies of? |
Jewish | According to Pope St. Gregory what religion must you be in order to be a heretic? |
Roman-Christian law | In what culture of law were Jews and heretics often lumped together? |
Eastern Christianity | What area of Christianity commonly cited the first seven Ecumenical Councils in regards to heresy? |
Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation | After what two events did various Christian churches also begin using the first seven Ecumenical Councils to identify heresy? |
Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm | What beginning Christian heresies did the Orthodox Church also reject during this time? |
"On the Jews and Their Lies" | What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy? |
blasphemous | What term does Luther assign to the practice of Jewish Prayer? |
Jewish circumcision | What is said to be a special spiritual problem? |
European Reformation | What event in England during the 16th century had an outcome of many deaths for heresy? |
Henry VIII | During what king's reign did 60 Protestants die for heresy? |
Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher | What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England? |
Edward VI | Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547? |
1612 | In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy? |
1659, 1660, and 1661 | During which years did the execution of the Boston martyrs take place? |
Anglican Puritans | Which group was responsible for the deaths of the Boston martyrs? |
purer absolute theocracy | What goal is cited as the reason these killings took place? |
Quaker sect | What rival group did the Anglican Puritans want purged from their area? |
Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox | Which two groups viewed the Puritans themselves as nothing more than heresy? |
1826 | What year did the deaths of heretics under Christianity come to an end? |
Cayetano Ripoll | Who was the last heretic put to death under the Catholic Inquisition? |
Christian | Under which religion do charges of heresy still occur in modern times? |
Protestant | Which religion is cited as having problems with modern biblical criticism? |
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith | What belief of the Catholic Church criticizes writings without using the word heresy? |
Spanish inquisition | What event is stated as a reason why the word heretic is used less often in modern times? |
Jorge Luis Borges | Who was the author of the short story "The Theologians"? |
Christian heresy | What subject does the question of who has a monopoly on spiritual truth regard? |
Shia Qizilbash | What group did Sultan Selim the Grim label as heretics? |
70 | What number of Christians did Selim the Grim equate to the killing of one Shiite? |
Sharia law | What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution? |
Salman Rushdie | What author was declared a heretic and had a bounty placed on his head by the government of Iran? |
heretical | What does Orthodox Judaism regard Jews who depart from traditional practices as? |
right-wing groups | What alignment within Orthodox Judaism view individuals as heretics that reject Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith? |
The liberal wing | Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism? |
squirreling | What term is used for the act of using Church of Scientology techniques in contrast to what Hubbard envisioned? |
The Religious Technology Center | What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission? |
innovation | What must be welcomed in areas for the term do be perceived as complimentary? |
an abstraction | What did Isaac Asimov consider heresy as? |
endoheretics | Which type of heresy is the scientific community well equipped to defend itself against? |
orthodoxy | What has heresy within the scientific community repeatedly become? |
The Dinosaur Heresies | What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs? |
the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough | What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years? |
Jurassic Park | What film did Robert T. Bakker's book reportedly influence? |
active poses | What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as? |
endoheretic | What label is associated with Robert T. Bakker as a result of his work? |
exoheretic | What label is associated with Immanuel Velikovsky due to his works outside the accepted discipline? |
scientific journals | What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice? |
extinction event and punctuated equilibrium | What two examples of ideas from Immanuel Velikovsky are stated as to have gained some acceptance? |
an established orthodoxy | By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on? |
metaphors | What figure of speech is the word heresy commonly used as in present day scenarios? |
1955 | In which year was the Warsaw Pact established? |
Soviet Union | Which nation formed the nucleus of the Warsaw Pact? |
the Cold War | Which conflict was the impetus for the formation of the Pact? |
seven | How many Soviet allied countries were members of the Warsaw Pact? |
West Germany | The acceptance of which country into NATO prompted the formation of the Warsaw Pact? |
NATO | Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact? |
Czechoslovakia | Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment? |
Solidarity | What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress? |
Czechoslovakia | Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment? |
1989 | In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively? |
Solidarity | What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact? |
Hungary | In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place? |
Václav Havel | Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? |
the USSR | Despite being headquartered in Poland, the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country? |
the USSR | Which nation was in effective control of both political and military functions of the Warsaw Pact? |
socialism and communism | Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe? |
Brezhnev | Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line? |
Western Europe | The Soviet Union feared invasion from which potential enemy? |
West Germany | The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself? |
the USSR | Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament? |
Molotov | Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification? |
1952 | When was reunification first proposed as an idea? |
the USA | The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition? |
Hastings Ismay | Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO? |
burglar | To what did the British general compare the USSR in his opposition to their joining NATO? |
1954 | In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States? |
France | Which NATO country feared a unified and rearmed Germany? |
1954 | In which year was West Germany admitted to NATO? |
Norway | Halvard Lange was a minister of which NATO member? |
May | In which month of 1955 was this pact declared? |
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