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East Germany
Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?
the National People's Army
What was the name of the East German armed forces?
eight
How many countries formed the initial Warsaw Pact membership?
1963
In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact?
1966
In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia?
containment
What was the focus of both alliances' policies towards the other in lieu of direct fighting?
Europe
Which continent was considered to be at the center of NATO/Warsaw Pact intrigues?
1956
In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact?
Imre Nagy
Who was the head of the Hungarian government at the time of the revolt?
1968
In which year was the Warsaw Pact activated in a joint action?
Czechoslovakia
Which country did the Pact conquer?
Hungary
In which country did Warsaw Pact officials meet to dissolve the alliance?
1989
In which year did Romania overthrow its communist government?
36
For how many years did the Warsaw Pact formally exist?
Albania
Which former Eastern Bloc country was the latest to join NATO?
1999
In which year did Poland join NATO?
2004
In which year did Slovakia join NATO?
2005
In which year did Poland declassify most of its Warsaw Pact-era archives?
70
How many documents remain classified?
Seven Days to the River Rhine
What was the name of the Warsaw Pact's planned counteroffensive to a NATO first strike?
250
How many nuclear weapons were eventually housed in Poland?
1979
In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived?
a form of philosophical monism
What is materialism?
matter
In nature, this is an essential substance?
spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter
What are some examples of philosophical physicalism?
Materialism
Some people consider physicalism to be synonymous with what?
monist ontology
What class does materialism belong to?
"what does reality consist of?"
What is the first question to ask in order to define the two classes?
"how does it originate?"
What is the second question to ask in order to define the two classes?
spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas)
An idealist considers what as the most important?
matter
A materialist considers what as the most important?
materialist
Was René Descartes an idealist or a materialist?
how material substance should be characterized.
Materialism does not define what?
dialectical materialism
What type of materialism defined the Marxist philosophy?
Karl Jaspers
Who coined the Axial Age?
Eurasia
In what part of the world did materialism develop during the Axial Age?
600 BC
Around what time did materialism become part of Ancient Indian philosophy?
Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy
At that time, who helped develop materialism?
Nyaya–Vaisesika school
What school advanced atomism?
600 BC - 100 BC
Between what years did the school advance atomism?
reductionism
Materialism is linked to what?
Lucretius
De Rerum Natura is a poem by who?
mechanistic explanations
What kinf of explanation does De Rerum Natura provide for phenomena?
Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles")
Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta.
materialistic Cārvāka philosophy
Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?
a digest of all philosophies
What is Sarva-darśana-samgraha?
Madhavacharya
Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha?
Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)
What is the name of the novel written by Ibn Tufail?
1592-1665
Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year?
1596-1650
René Descartes lived from what year to what year?
1664-1729
abbé Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year?
1713-1784
Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?
1770-1850
William Wordsworth lived from what year to what year?
1788-1860
Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?
how material objects will be experienced or perceived
What did he say that the brain would decide?
Ludwig Feuerbach
Who wrote "The Essence of Christianity"?
1841
In what year was "The Essence of Christianity" written?
the outward projection of man's inward nature
What did the author of "The Essence of Christianity" consider religion to be?
Karl Marx
The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher?
functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory
In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize?
matter
What is hyle?
matter and energy
Relativity illustrates that what is interchangeable?
energy
Ontological theory suggests that what is the main substance?
fields
Quantum field theory suggest what is the main substance?
Lambda-CDM model
Which model suggests that matter is 5% of the universe?
dark matter
What type of matter does the model consider it to be?
things
Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?
quantum mechanics and chaos theory.
What are some of the findings that support their argument?
The Matter Myth
What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins?
information
Digital physicists consider what to be more important than matter?
religions
Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?
simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical
Neoplatonism describes divinity as what?
Christians
Which religious group strongly opposed the idea of Neoplatonism?
materialism
If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what?
Emergence, holism, and process philosophy
What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?
dual-aspect monism
Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism?
German rocket technology
Whose technology enabled the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the united States?
the Soviet Union
Who was able to launch the first orbiting satellite?
Yuri Gagarin
Who was the first human in space?
July 20, 1969
When did Apollo 11 land on the moon?
August 2, 1955
On what date did the Space Race begin?
October 4, 1957
Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date?
Yuri Gagarin
Who was the first person in space?
April 12, 1961
What was the date that the first human reached space?
Germany
Where were the actual origin of the Space Race?
liquid-fueled rockets
What were German aerospace engineers experimenting with in the 1930's?
Wernher von Braun
What engineer was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret program?
World War II
Which war in history did the Space Race begin to take root?
1932
A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year?
technical director of the ballistic missile program
What was von Braun's role in the army's rocket program during during World War II?
the Aggregate-4
What was the name of the first vehicle to reach outer space?
General Dornberger
During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program?
Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket
What was the first object to enter space?
1942 and 1943
When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space?
Germany's rocket engineers
After World War II what did the American, English and Soviet allies want to capture?
Operation Paperclip
What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun?
V2 rockets
The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip?
Sergei Korolev
Who led the Soviet rocket engineers
Siberia
Where was Sergei Korolev imprisoned for six years?
the Chief Designer
What was his "secret" title after World War II?