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pure hunter-gatherer
What type of hunter-gatherer has disappeared ?
Lee and Guenther
Who has rejected Wilmsen's arguments?
prehistoric hunter-gatherers
Whose lifestyle does Shultziner think we can learn about?
egalitarianism
What is it about prehistoric hunter-gatherers that impresses Shultziner?
Wilmsen
Who has offered arguments that Lee and Guenther disliked?
the landscape
What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate?
cutting or burning undesirable plants
How do they manage the landscape?
slash-and-burn
What technique do they use to make animal habitats?
agriculture
What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with?
domesticated food
What do modern hunter-gatherers depend on at least somewhat?
hunt and gather
What do some agriculturalists often do?
go hunting
What do they sometimes do for entertainment?
to escape colonial control
Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?
agriculture became difficult
Besides avoiding government controls, what other reason could they have?
Pila Nguru
What is the name of the Spinifex people?
Western Australia
Where do the Pila Nguru people live?
Sentinelese
Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island?
Indian Ocean
Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands?
ice-free corridors
These ancient hunter-gathers followed what path in pursuit of game?
Laurentide and Cordilleran
Between what ice sheets were the corridors located?
primitive boats
What other way could they have crossed on to this continent?
Great Plains
Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live?
stone tool production
What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?
common style
What is it about the tool styles that is remarkable?
across the Americas
Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found?
25 to 50 members
How many members did the mobile tool-making hunters often have?
warmer more arid
What kind of climate occurred in the Americas?
megafauna
What disappeared during the Archaic period?
regional adaptations
What became the norm for the mobile bands?
hunting and gathering
What did they rely less and less on?
increasing regional generalization
What was there a pattern of in this period?
United Nations Population Fund
What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities?
reproductive health
UNFPA's work concerns what general area?
wanted
One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?
safe
Another of UNFPA's goals is to make all childbirths what?
female genital mutilation
What, in addition to its work against obstetric fistula, is UNFPA campaigning against?
four
In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate?
three quarters
About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?
United Nations Development Group
UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group?
Europe
UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States?
1969
When did UNFPA begin its work?
United Nations Fund for Population Activities
What was UNFPA's original name?
1987
When did the organization change its name?
United Nations Development Fund
UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body?
1971
When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly?
2015
When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals?
193
How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?
17
How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?
15 years
The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period?
ambitious
Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope?
health
The third of the goals concerns what?
education
What does the fourth goal focus on improving?
gender equality
What is the topic of the fifth goal?
Rafael M. Salas
Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?
Nigeria
Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?
Thoraya Ahmed Obaid
Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?
Dr Nafis Sadik
Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?
population and reproductive health programs
UNFPA is the largest worldwide funder of what type of programs?
150
In how many countries does UNFPA operate?
non-governmental organizations
In addition to working directly with governments, with whom does UNFPA work?
the international community
What supports UNFPA's work?
young people
The Fund's programs support women, men, and who else?
reproductive health
UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?
the reproductive system
These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?
social health
What is the third element?
developing countries
Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?
population concerns
To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?
policies and strategies
What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?
Dr. Osotimehin
Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?
Goodwill Ambassadors
The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else?
women and young people
UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom?
governments
With whom does UNFPA work in partnership?
United Nations agencies
With what sort of agencies does UNFPA work?
raise awareness
In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA do with its partners?
communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector
Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies?
forced-abortions
UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion?
sterilizations
UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?
anti-family planning groups
What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA?
three
Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?
governments and the private sector
Who contributes to UNFPA?
$1 billion
Contributions exceeded how much in 2014?
$529 million
How much of its funding was earmarked?
$477 million
What was the amount of funding for UNFPA's core resources?
the mid-to-late '90s
During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?
sterilizations
Peru was found to have been coercing what?
reforms and protocols
UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?
women seeking assistance
UNFPA's goal in Peru was to protect whose rights?
laws and practices
After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?
the Bush Administration
Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?
From 2002 through 2008
During what period did the administration deny funding?
the US Congress
Who allocates UNFPA funding in the U.S.?
forced abortions and coercive sterilizations
What in the Chinese program caused trouble for UNFPA?
the Kemp-Kasten Amendment
What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding violated?
China
Which country was administering forced abortions?
three
How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team?
the State Department
Which U.S. department investigated the allegations?
population control policies
What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of helping China carry out?
Secretary of State
What was this official's position at the time?
Colin Powell
Who was the official that accused UNFPA?
vehicles and computers
What was UNFPA accused of contributing to the Chinese program?