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with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites
How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?
July 25, 2015
When were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched?
the Xichang Satellite Launch Center
Where were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched from?
Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket
What were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched with?
an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more spacecraft into different orbits
What is the Expedition-1?
navigation services
What will the three latest satellites provide after testing?
testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links
What kind of testing will be performed on the three latest satellites?
three
How many satellites will be used to test a new system of navigation signaling?
Canon law
What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church?
Christian
In what type of religion are canon laws applicable?
Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches
Which institutions make up the Catholic Church?
church council
What body was first responsible for creating canon?
canons
What does canon law consist of?
kanon
What is the Greek term for canon?
kaneh
What is the Hebrew term for canon?
Qanun
What is the Arabic term meaning canon?
reed
What is the common definition of the word canon as it appears in Greek, Arabic and Hebrew?
cane
Which English term is derived from the same root as the Greek, Arabic and Hebrew words for canon?
eighty-five
How many ancient canons exist in the Eastern Church?
fifty
How many ancient canons exist in the Western Church?
Ecclesiastical Canons
What is another term for Apostolic Canons?
325
When was the First Council of Nicaea held?
a rule
What is the Greek definition of κανὠν?
the Church's hierarchical authorities
Who enforces canon law in Catholicism?
canon law
What is the name for the collection of formal rules in Catholicism?
external organization and government
What does management of canon law aim to regulate?
order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church
What is canon law's purpose with respect to members of the Catholic Church?
rites
What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff?
five
How many major rites exist?
the Supreme Pontiff
Who is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church?
full union
What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
Roman Catholic
Which denomination is led by the Supreme Pontiff?
immutable divine and natural law
What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?
changeable circumstantial and merely positive law
What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?
formal authority and promulgation
What is given to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church by its leader?
Supreme Pontiff
What is the pope's official title?
legislative, executive, and judicial
What three divisions of power often found in government does the pope hold?
The Catholic Church
What entity believes itself to have the longest standing internal mechanism of laws in Western Europe?
Roman law
What is a legal system older than Catholic law?
canons
What is the term for laws produced at the Council of Jerusalem?
first century
When was the Council of Jerusalem held?
Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic
Apart from the Old and New Testaments, which other cultures influenced canon?
the jus novum
Which period followed the jus antiquum?
the Code of Canon Law
What is the most recent era of Latin canon law?
the jus vetus
What is the name for the time preceding the Code of Canon Law?
different disciplines and practices
In what ways did the Eastern Catholic Churches's legal systems vary from those of the west?
process of codification
What led to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches?
1990
When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches promoted?
Pope John Paul II
Who sponsored the promulgation of Eastern Catholic Church laws?
the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
What was the name of the formal version of laws ruling the Eastern Catholic Churches?
lawyers, judges
What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?
civilly-binding force
What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law?
Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus
What does J.C.B. stand for?
Bachelor of Canon Law
What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?
Juris Canonici Licentiatus
What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?
Roman Law Code of Justinian
What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics?
adversarial
What word characterizes the type of procedure found in American and British courts?
inquisitorial
What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts?
to enquire
What is the English meaning of inquirere?
Europe
What continent's laws developed alongside those of the Church?
modern civil law and common law
In which types of law can elements of canon law be seen?
Edson Luiz Sampel
Who stated that Church law can be seen in the growth of civil law institutions?
Europe and Latin American
What two regions does Sampel cite as examples of the influence of canon law?
contemporary society
What does Sampel claim had a great impact on?
Aristotelian-Thomistic
What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?
Aquinas
Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?
law
What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church?
the common good
What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?
a rule of conduct
What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism?
the Latin or Western Church
Prior to 1917, what church was in a similar situation as the Eastern Catholic Churches as regards its legal system?
more diversity in legislation
What was different about the Eastern Churches compared with the Western?
custom
What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?
1929
When did Pius XI announce his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern Churches?
1949 through 1958
During what time period were the Codes for Eastern Churches made available, prior to the final version?
1917
When was the original Code of Canon Law published?
the Roman Rite
For which part of the Roman Catholic Church was the first Code published?
1962 - 1965
During what years was the Second Vatican Council held?
the Roman Rite
For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983?
1990
When was the first Code produced for Eastern Churches?
Greek
What language is used by members of the Orthodox denomination?
canons and commentaries upon them
What are the constituents of the Pēdálion?
Rudder
What does Pēdálion mean in English?
bishops
Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?
the Ecumenical Councils
Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon?
the Church of England
In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society?
12th
In what century did Saxons and Normans separate?
common law
What type of law is not found in ecclesiastical systems in the modern day?
Oxford and Cambridge
At which universities were canon law degrees abolished?
Henry VIII
Who was responsible for banning canon law education from Oxford and Cambridge?
the Anglican Communion
What is a term for the Church of England and churches that align with it?
the Episcopal Church
What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America?
the Anglican Church of Canada
What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in Canada?
their own private systems of canon law
What do extant churches of the Anglican Communion still operate with?
principles of canon law
As of 2004, what do all Anglican Communion Churches share?
factually
What term characterizes the way in which the existence of canon principles can be shown?
its own legal system
Through what does each member of the Anglican Communion make a contribution to Church law?
living
What kind of force could the canonical principles be said to have within the Communion?
unity
What does having common principles show and support for churches int he Communion?
"practice and procedure" or "church order"
What are two other possible terms for canon law among some denominations?
Presbyterian and Reformed churches
In what types of institutions are canon rules called "practice and procedure"?