answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
|---|---|
point particles | What kind of particles are quarks and leptons? |
volume | Despite not having size or volume themselves, quarks and leptons contribute to what measure of composite particles in matter? |
four | How many phases of matter are there? |
quark–gluon plasma | What new phase of matter can be considered with a focus on elementary particles? |
particulate theory of matter | What is the theory that matter is made up of discrete building blocks called? |
Leucippus | What colleague of Democritus, also a Greek philosopher, helped him propose the particulate theory of matter? |
natural sciences | People have been wondering about the nature of matter for the entire history of what branch of science? |
mass | What similar term is often used interchangeably with matter, although the two differ slightly in modern physics? |
closed | Being a conserved quantity means that the value of mass doesn't ever change as long as it's in what kind of system? |
energy | Special relativity says matter can disappear by conversion into what state? |
Earth | What planet isn't a closed system but sometimes appears to be because of the approximate conservation of matter? |
matter | What term does science not have a universally-accepted scientific definition for? |
mass | Sometimes scientific terms were historically considered in ways we know now aren't compatible because scientists didn't need to distinguish matter from what other term? |
matter | What word do physicists sometimes consider to be defined as particles exhibiting rest mass? |
wave–particle duality | What duality describes the conflicting properties of matter in the fields of chemistry and physics? |
the speed of light | Quarks and leptons are sometimes considered matter because they can't travel at what speed? |
Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster | What was Westminster Abbey's original name? |
Gothic | What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered? |
City of Westminster, London | In what city is Westminster Abbey located? |
Between 1540 and 1556 | In what years was the Abbey considered a cathedral? |
Royal Peculiar | What type of building is the Abbey now considered? |
the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster | What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey? |
City of Westminster, London | Where is Westminster Abbey located? |
Between 1540 and 1556 | When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral? |
Church of England "Royal Peculiar" | What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560? |
1245 | What year did the construction of the church begin? |
King Henry III | Who commissioned the Abbey to be built? |
Thorn Ey (Thorn Island) | What was the area previously named? |
7th century | In what century was the church established at the location? |
Mellitus, a Bishop of London | Who was the Bishop in this time frame? |
Thorn Island | What is the meaning of Thorn Ey? |
7th century | When was a church first founded at the site? |
a Bishop of London | Who was Mellitus? |
1245 | When was construction of the present church started? |
King Henry III | Who ordered the construction of the church? |
Aldrich | What was the name of the fisherman in lore that saw a vision of Saint Peter near the Abbey? |
salmon | What type of fish did the Abbey receive from Thames fisherman? |
Benedictine | What kind of monks lived at the Abbey? |
Fishmonger's Company | Who, till this day still gives the Abbey a fish? |
Saint Dunstan | Who along with the King Edgar established the monks at the Abbey? |
Aldrich | Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames? |
Thames fishermen | Who first gifted salmon to the abbey? |
Fishmonger's Company | Who still gives salmon to the abbey today? |
960s or early 970s | When was the monk community installed? |
Romanesque style | What architectural design was St Peter's abbey considered? |
1090 | What year was the building finished? |
28 December 1065 | What was the date of the Abbey's coronation? |
William the Conqueror | Who was the first recorded coronation at the Abbey? |
King Edward the Confessor | What King restored the Abbey in the years 1042 and 1052? |
King Edward the Confessor | Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church? |
Romanesque | What style was the church rebuilt in? |
28 December 1065 | When was the building consecrated? |
5 January 1066 | When did King Edward the Confessor die? |
William the Conqueror | Who was the first documented coronation? |
Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror | Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey? |
1066 | Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey? |
16 | How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey? |
Henry I and Richard II | Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey? |
1100 | When did royal weddings begin at the church? |
Bayeux Tapestry | Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey? |
a dozen | What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community? |
endowments | How was the community able to increase? |
Palace of Westminster | What is adjacent the abbey? |
The abbot and monks | Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest? |
government | The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century? |
The abbot | Who was employed on royal service? |
secular | With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify? |
Cluniac | To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed? |
Lord of the Manor of Westminster | What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey? |
the town economy | What did the monastery help fuel? |
shops and dwellings | What did the abbey build on the west side? |
shops and dwellings | What encroached upon the sanctuary? |
coronation site | What was the abbey to Norman kings? |
Henry Yevele | What architect continued work on the abbey? |
Richard II | Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey? |
Cosmati | What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar? |
The Confessor's shrine | What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation? |
Henry VII | Who added a Perpendicular style chapel? |
Blessed Virgin Mary | Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to? |
Caen | What part of France did the Caen stone come from? |
Isle of Portland | Where did the Portland stone come from? |
1503 | When was the Lady Chapel added? |
1535 | When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800? |
£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 | What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016? |
Glastonbury Abbey | To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth? |
the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries | During what was the abbey made second in wealth? |
1539 | When did Henry VIII take direct royal control? |
Henry VIII | Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540? |
destruction | What did the cathedral status save the abbey from? |
the Diocese of Westminster | What did changing the status of the abbey create? |
1550 | When was Westminster Diocese dissolved? |
a second cathedral of the Diocese of London | The abbey was recognised as what until 1556? |
Saint Peter | Who is the abbey dedicated to? |
Mary I of England | The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom? |
Elizabeth I | Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559? |
Collegiate Church of St Peter | What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it? |
The last of Mary's abbots | Who was made the first dean of the new church? |
1640s | When did the abbey suffer damage? |
Puritan iconoclasts | Who attacked the abbey? |
ties to the state during the Commonwealth | What protected the abbey? |
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