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industrial biotechnology
What is another for which organisms have been modified for?
medicine
What is yet another application for which organisms have been modified for?
multicellular organisms
For what sort of organisms is the embryo normally engineered?
gene therapy techniques
What techniques can be used to alter the genomes of an adult organism to treat genetic disease?
the embryo
What part of the organism is usually created which becomes a developed genetically altered organism?
the genomes of cells
What can be changed in an adult organism using gene therapy techniques?
genetic diseases
What can be treated using genetic engineering?
the Republic of Guinea-Bissau
What is the official name for Guinea-Bissau?
West Africa
Where is Guinea-Bissau located?
13,948 sq mi
How many square miles is Guinea-Bissau?
1,704,000
What is the estimated population of Guinea-Bissau?
36,125
How many kilometers does Guinea-Bissau cover?
Gabu
What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once part of?
Mali Empire
What empire was Guinea-Bissau once part of?
1973
What year was Guinea-Bissau declared independent?
Guinea (formerly French Guinea)
What country did Guinea-Bissau seek to differentiate itself from?
political instability
Guinea-Bissau has a history of what since independence?
14%
What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese?
44%
What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo?
African traditional religions and Islam
What are the two main religions?
one of the lowest in the world
What is their gross domestic product status?
Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
What is the minority religion?
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
What Islamic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
Community of Portuguese Language Countries
What Portuguese organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
Economic Community of West African States
What West African organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
What South Atlantic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
the Latin Union
What Latin organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
Portuguese Guinea
What area was known as the Slave Coast?
Europeans
Who exported African slaves to the western hemisphere?
Gabu
What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of?
until the 18th century
How long did the Mali Empire persist?
Arabs
Who traded slaves into the Middle East?
1455
When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage?
1479–1480
When was Eustache de la Fosse's voyage?
Diogo Cão
What was the name of the Portuguese explorer?
Congo River
What river did Diogo Cao reach in the 1480's?
Angola
What country is about 4200 km from Guinea-Bissau?
the rivers and coast
What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?
16th century
When did the Portuguese first set up trading posts in Guinea-Bissau?
19th century
When did the Portuguese explore the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
local African rulers
Who controlled the inland trade in Guinea-Bissau during this time?
Bissau and Cacheu
What ports were the Portuguese restricted to?
the British
Who tried to establish a rival foothold at Bolama?
the 1790s
When was a rival foothold attempted at Bolama?
the Portuguese
Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?
part of present South Senegal
What other area did the Portuguese regard as their special territory?
the British
What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau?
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)
What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?
1956
When did the armed rebellion begin?
Amílcar Cabral
Who was the leader of the armed rebellion?
Cuba
Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels?
January 1973
When was Cabral assassinated?
24 September 1973
When was independence declared?
25 April 1974
What date was independence considered universal?
socialist-inspired military coup
What event caused the recognition to be universal?
Portugal
Where did a coup take place?
Lisbon's Estado Novo regime
Who was overthrown in the coup?
Luís Cabral
Who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau?
thousands
How many Guinean soldiers did the PAIGC kill?
Bissorã
Where did one of the massacres occur?
29 November 1980
When did the PAIGC acknowledge the executions?
Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá
Where were the soldiers buried?
a revolutionary council
Who controlled the country prior to 1984?
1994
When were the first multi-party elections held?
An army uprising
What led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War?
June 1999
When was the president ousted?
Kumba Ialá
Who was elected president in the 2000 election?
September 2003
When was a military coup conducted?
Ialá
Who did the military arrest?
March 2004
When were legislative elections held?
October 2004
When did the mutiny of military factions occur?
the head of the armed forces
Who died in the mutiny?
June 2005
After the coup, when were presidential elections held?
Ialá
At that time, who ran claiming to be the legitimate president of the country?
João Bernardo Vieira
Who won the election?
Malam Bacai Sanhá
Who did Vieira beat in a runoff election?
1999
When was Vieira, a former president, deposed?
arms
What was reported to be entering the country prior to the election?
attacks on government offices
What type of "disturbances" were reported during the campaign?
"calm and organized"
How did foreign election monitors describe the election?
2005
What year was the election held?
foreign
Where the election monitors local, or foreign?
November 2008
When was the parliamentary election held?
PAIGC
Who won a strong majority in the election?
67
How many seats did PAIGC win in the election?
President Vieira's
Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?
November 2008
When did the attack on the residence occur?
Vieira
Who was assassinated on 2 March 2009?
General Batista Tagme Na Wai
Who was assassinated on 1 March 2009?
Military leaders
Who pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession?
Raimundo Pereira
Who was appointed interim president?
Malam Bacai Sanhá
Who won the election in June 2009?
12 April 2012
When was a coup d'etat staged?
members of the country's military
Who staged the coup d'etat?
Mamadu Ture Kuruma
Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?
opposition parties
Who did Kuruma negotiate with?
vice chief of staff
What was Kuruma's former position?
Guinea-Bissau
What country is listed as a republic?
In the past
When had the government been highly centralized?
mid-1991
When was multi-party governance established?