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1920
In what year did the British defeat the Dervishes?
Taleex
What was the capital of the Dervish State?
1927
In what year did Fascist Italy achieve full control of Somalia?
1941
In what year did the Italian occupation of Somalia end?
Italian Somaliland
Along with British Somaliland, what country in the region was a British protectorate after the Second World War?
the Potsdam Conference
At what meeting did the United Nations give Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland?
Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali
Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization?
ten
How many years would Italy have to allow Italian Somaliland to become independent?
1960
In what year was the British protectorate over British Somaliland ended?
the Ogaden
Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British?
1948
In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia?
Emperor Menelik
The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader?
1956
In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia?
Somali
What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District?
French Somaliland
What was Djibouti called in 1958?
1960
In what year did Somalia become independent?
Vice President of the Government Council
What was Mahmoud Harbi's title?
1977
When did Djibouti achieve independence?
Hassan Gouled Aptidon
Who was the first president of Djibouti?
26 June 1960
On what date did British Somaliland gain independence?
the State of Somaliland
What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence?
the Trust Territory of Somalia
What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland?
1 July 1960
On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite?
Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
Who was the first President of the Somali Republic?
15 October 1969
On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated?
one of his own bodyguards
Who assassinated Abdirashid Ali Shermarke?
21 October 1969
On what day, the day after the funeral of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, did a coup occur?
Mohamed Siad Barre
Who was the commander of the army when the coup occurred?
Major General
What was Mohamed Siad Barre's rank?
Salaad Gabeyre Kediye
Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council?
Chief of Police
What was Jama Korshel's title?
Lieutenant Colonel
What was the military rank of Salaad Gabeyre Kediye?
the Somali Democratic Republic
What name did the Supreme Revolutionary Council give to Somalia?
suspended the constitution
Along with dissolving the Supreme Court and parliament, what action did the Supreme Revolutionary Council take?
industry
What did the new government nationalize along with land?
the Arab League
What international body did the new government join?
1974
In what year did the new government enter the Arab League?
the African Union
What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become?
literacy
What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase?
Ethiopia
Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live?
northeastern
In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?
Pan-Somalism
What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country?
Cuba
Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia?
the Ogaden War
What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia?
2005
In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity?
Afro-Asiatic
What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to?
E1b1b1a
What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis?
Egypt/Libya
Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?
77%
What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?
2006
When did Richards publish his mtDNA research?
Ethiopians
Along with Egyptians, Algerians and Somalis, what people commonly possess the M1 haplogroup?
Asia
On what continent is the M1 haplogroup believed to have originated?
Holden
Who authored an mtDNA study in 2005?
Afro-Asiatic
What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with?
2014
When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?
Ethio-Somali
According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?
Somalis
According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?
at least 23,000 years ago
According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?
the Near East
According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?
2006
In what year did Mahamoud publish his research?
northern
In what geographic part of Somalia is Zeila located?
the Quraysh
From whom were the early Muslims fleeing?
Sunni
Along with the Shafi'i, to what sect of Islam do most Somalis belong?
Islam
What is the majority religion in Somalia?
Shia
A small minority of Somalis belong to what branch of Islam?
dugsi
What is another name for a Qur'anic school?
40
What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female?
the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs
What government body regulates Qur'anic education?
Toronto
Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis?
the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque
What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?
droughts
Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising?
schools
Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising?
the Arabian Peninsula
Along with the Horn of Africa, what is a notable location where Somali Islamic figures have been influential?
clan
What is a basic social unit of Somali society?
northern
In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located?
Hawiye
Of what clan is the Abgaal a sub-clan?
marriage
What practice is often used to bind different clans together?
3
According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan?
55
According to a recent study, how many Dhulbahante men married women of a different Dhulbahante sub-clan?
Darod
To what clan family do the Ogaden belong?
4.3%
What percentage of Dhulbahante men married women of the Majerteen or Ogaden?
1975 Somali Family Law
What law gave Somali husbands and wives equal rights over personal property?
the Somali Democratic Republic
What was the official name of the country in which the 1975 Somali Family Law was passed?
equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce
In addition to giving spouses equal rights over their personal property during marriage, what did the Somali Family Law give them?
Somalis
What is the biggest ethnic group in Somalia?
85%
What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis?
20th
During what century did the nomad lifestyle decline among Somalis?
their seafaring tradition
Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe?
Kenya
Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found?
Civil strife
What led to an increase in the number of Somalis leaving the country?
Europe
Along with the Middle East and North America, to what continent did the Somali diaspora go in the 1990s?
Toronto
Along with Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Vancouver, what Canadian city has a significant Somali population?
69th
As of 2006, where did Somalis rank in terms of population by ethnicity in Canada?
108,000
About how many Somalis live in the UK?
78%
What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London?
57,906
As of 2014, how many Somalis lived in Sweden?
38,413
In 2014, how many Somalis resided in Norway?
16,721
How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014?
the United States
What country is Cedar Rapids located in?
Minneapolis
Along with Saint Paul, what city constitutes the Twin Cities?