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plywood
If current building trends continue, what material will be replaced by particle and fiber board?
100 million
About how many cubic meters of wood was used in 1991 to make products like glulam, LVL, and structural composite lumber?
cellulose
What material results from chemically breaking down wood?
MDF
What's the abbreviation for medium-density fiberboard?
mechanically
How is wood broken down into chips and fibers?
laminate
What type of flooring can be made from wood derivatives?
paper
What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?
furniture
What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs?
wooden spoon
What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with?
handles
Which parts of tools are sometimes made out of wood?
beds
What pieces of furniture that most people use every night can be made out of wood?
chopsticks
What special wooden utensils do many people use to eat Chinese takeout?
Moisture content
What could we monitor electronically that could help inform new methods of wood protection?
glue
Development in the wood manufacturing industry include using lignin to make what substance?
tire
Instead of rubber, what important part of a car might someday be replaced by components of wood?
high strength fabrics
What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear?
modify wood
In addition to extracting components from wood, what might scientist do by adding components, for example, to make innovative products?
carvings
Along with sculptures, what type of art have people been making out of wood for centuries?
totem poles
What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers?
Western Red Cedar
What type of tree was often used for totem poles?
Edinburgh
What city in Scotland would you visit to see the Millennium clock tower?
National Museum of Scotland
What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower?
african blackwood
What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from?
ripple sycamore
What expensive wood with a prized color is used to make the backs of violins?
tonewoods
What category of wood is often used for musical instruments?
European spruce
What's the common name for Picea abies?
tone
Along with resonance, what property of an instrument will be affected by the wood used to make it?
woodwind instruments
What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood?
Arundo donax
What are woodwind instrument's reeds often made out of?
monocot
Is the Arundo donax a monocot or dicot cane plant?
reeds
What objects do musicians have to have in order to play woodwind instruments?
white willow
What wood is usually used for cricket bats?
Major League Baseball
Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization?
parquetry
What is commonly used for the basketball courts the NBA plays on?
maple
What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash?
fragile
Compared to hickory and ash, what adjective might be used for a maple baseball bat?
archery bows
What pieces of equipment for shooting arrows used to be wooden?
sticks
Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood?
persimmon
When the golf club called the "wood" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used?
synthetic materials
What is the golf club known as the "wood" usually made out of today?
fiberglass
What other modern material has joined composites, carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum to replace wood in the manufacture of sporting equipment?
cellulose
What component of wood is degraded by bacteria that scientists are still trying to learn about?
Symbiotic
What type of bacteria are present in Xylophaga?
sunken
What type of wood is it possible the bacteria in Xylophaga help break down?
over a year
How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it?
Flavobacteria
What bacteria starting with the letter "F" were found in wood after it was underwater for more than a year?
Afro-Asiatic
What language family is Somali a part of?
Cushitic
What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of?
Sunni Muslim
What is the majority religion of Somalis?
12.3 million
How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia?
Ethiopia
What country has the second largest Somali population?
Irir Samaale
From whom are several Somali clans descended?
soo and maal
From what words is the term 'Somali' generally regarded as being derived?
go and milk
What does 'soo and maal' mean in English?
dhawamaal
What word in Arabic means 'wealthy' in English?
livestock
What resource traditionally comprised Somali wealth?
Berbera
What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?
Po-pa-li
What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?
15th
In what century was the term 'Somali' first used?
the Abyssinian Emperor
Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?
Zeila
Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located?
5000 years
How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created?
the Laas Geel complex
Where are the most notable rock paintings located?
human figures
Along with animals, what is depicted on the rock paintings of Laas Geel?
the northern Dhambalin region
Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist?
northern
In what geographic part of Somalia are these rock paintings commonly found?
the Doian culture
Along with the Hargesian culture, what culture was present in Somalia in the Stone age?
Inscriptions
What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings?
the Stone age
During what period did the Doian culture thrive?
Somalia
In what country is the oldest evidence of ceremonial burial in the Horn of Africa located?
4th millennium BC
From what millennium do the oldest cemeteries in the Horn of Africa date?
the Jalelo site
At what site were important paleolithic stone tools found?
northern
In what geographic part of Somalia were important paleolithic stone tools found?
commerce
What economic activity in the Horn of Africa did the ancient Somalis connect to the rest of the world?
frankincense
Along with myrrh and spices, what important luxury did ancient Somali merchants provide?
Mycenaeans
Along with the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians, what ancient people regarded myrrh as a luxury?
Land of Punt
What ancient land was connected to the modern Somali people?
Pharaonic Egypt
What nation did the Land of Put have a close relationship with?
Hatshepsut
Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close?
pyramidal structures
Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt?
Cape Guardafui
Near what headland was Mosylon located?
Damo
Along with Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone and Essina, what city-state flourished in ancient Somalia?
Sabaeans
Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis?
Indo-Greco-Roman
What trade did the ancient Somalis and others compete for?
Red Sea
What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born?
the Arabian Peninsula
In what location was Islam born?
Berberi
What civilization was Mogadishu a part of?
the City of Islam
What was another name for Mogadishu?
gold
The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu?
the Walashma dynasty
What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?
Zeila
What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?
Djibouti
Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?
15,000
According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?
the Red Sea
Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?
the Ajuran Sultanate
What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses?
the Sultanate of Adal
What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi?
Ahmed Gurey
What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known?
the Ethiopian Empire
What state did Adal conquer?
Sultan Ahmed Yusuf
What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire?
the Ottoman and German empires
What states supported the Dervish State?