answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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freeformat | Even though few MP3 players can play it, LAME also offers which option? |
640 kbit/s | What is the highest bit rate the LAME encoder allows? |
320 | The ISO standard dictates that decoders only need to be able to decode streams that have how high of a bit rate? |
Constant Bit Rate | What does the term CBR mean? |
Layer III | Which early MPEG layer used CBR? |
uniform | The early software was restricted to which kind of bitrate? |
bit reservoir | What did more sophisticated MP3 encoders use to target an average bit rate? |
the complexity of the sound | What did encoders base the encoding rate for each frame on? |
variable bitrate audio | What kind of audio can a sophisticated MP3 encoder produce? |
layer III | Which type of decoder must support bitrate switching on a per-frame basis? |
VBR | What do encoders use when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality? |
final file size | Using VBR instead of a constant bit rate encoding makes which part of encoding less predictable? |
the user | An average bit rate is used when who choses an average value for the encoder to use? |
bit reservoir | A partially full frame's ability to have part of the next frame's audio data is referred to as what? |
Layer III | What kind of audio is required to use a bit reservoir? |
encoding delay | What is a possible result of handling the bit reservoir? |
temporary | A bit reservoir allows for what kind of changes in effective bit rate? |
constant bitrate | A large benefit of a bit reservoir is that you can use it even while encoding what kind of stream? |
sfb21 | What can scale factor band 21 be shortened to? |
16 kHz | What is the maximum frequency that scale factor band 21 can go up to? |
less efficient storage | The encoder has to choose between less acurate representation in band 21 or which factor in all bands below band 21? |
wasted bitrate | What does less efficient storage result in for VBR encoding? |
tag | What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as? |
album | What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number? |
tag formats for MP3 files | What do MP3 standards not define? |
a standard container format | What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags? |
ID3v2 | Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists? |
APEv2 | What is the most recently introduced standard for tag formatting? |
end | What is the second place in a file that tags are normally stored, with the first being at the beginning? |
separate from the actual MP3 frame data | What is important to note about where the tags are stored? |
treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data | If the MP3 decoders do not extract information from the tags, what do they do to them? |
ReplayGain | What is the name given to the standard for measure and storing the loudness of an MP3 file? |
audio normalization | What is measuring and storing loudness of an MP3 file also known as? |
the overall playback volume | What does the standard ReplayGain allow a player to automatically adjust? |
MP3Gain | What program can be used to modify files based on ReplayGain measurements? |
ReplayGain capability | MP3Gain is important because it allows players without what capability to have adjusted playback? |
European Union | Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free? |
expired | What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free? |
31 December 2017 | When will the technology be patent - free in the United States? |
2007 and 2015 | Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire? |
legal threats | What has many organizations claiming ownership of patents related to aspects of MP3 led to? |
which patents must be licensed | Legal threats and confusion made it difficult to ensure what about patents regarding MP3 products? |
patent infringement | What was the danger of not correctly patenting products? |
early stages | At what stage of the technology were these problems prevalent? |
MPEG-1 standard | What became publicly available on 6 December 1991? |
after prior art has been made public | When can patents not be filed in most countries? |
20 years | How long does it take for patents to expire after being filed? |
12 months | How long can it take for patents to be approved after initially being filed? |
December 2012 | When did patents required to implement MP3 expire in most countries? |
17 years after the publication date | How long does it take for patents to expire in the United States? |
submarine patents | A patent issue much later than normally expected can be referred to as what? |
2017 | What year is the latest that MP3 related patents will expire on in the United States? |
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft | Who holds the longest running MP3 patent in the United States? |
Technicolor | Who administered the longest running MP3 patent in the United States? |
Thomson Consumer Electronics | What was Technicolor's previous name? |
Layer 3 | What patent does Technicolor claim to control? |
actively enforcing these patents | What are Technicolor constantly in the process of doing? |
September 1998 | When did the Fraunhofer institute send out a letter? |
a license | What did the letter claim would be required to distribute and/or sell decoders and/or encoders? |
infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer and Thomson | What does selling unlicensed products mean that the seller is doing? |
the [MPEG Layer-3] standard | What can products not use if they want to avoid infringing on patent rights? |
Thomson | Who was sued for patent infringement on MP3 technology? |
Sisvel S.p.A. | Who initially sued to protect their patent rights? |
a license to their patents | What did Sisvel grant Thomson to end the lawsuit? |
2015 | When did the majority of the patents held by Sisvel expire? |
9. April 2017 | When does the last patent held by Sisvel expire? |
MP3 players | What did German officials seize from SanDisk on September 2006? |
IFA | At which show did SanDisk have their assets seized? |
Sisvel | Which company was the Italian patents firm representing? |
The injunction was later reversed | What happened after the injunction was successful? |
bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany | The continuous back and forth regarding the decisions on patents was referred to as what? |
Texas MP3 Technologies | Who sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in 2007? |
eastern Texas federal court | Which court did the lawsuit take place in? |
all settled the claims against them | What action did the three companies being sued take? |
2009 | What year did the lawsuits end? |
infringement of a portable MP3 player patent | What was the claim that the lawsuit was based on? |
Alcatel-Lucent | Which company allegedly inherited MP3 patents from AT&T-Bell LAbs? |
MP3 coding and compression | What kind of patents were allegedly inherited? |
seven | How many patents did Alcatel claim Microsoft infringed on? |
The court subsequently tossed the award | What subsequently happened after Alcatel was awarded damages? |
US $1.52 billion | How much money was awarded to Alcatel by a San Diego jury? |
MP3 | AAC, mp3PRO and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as which other lossy format? |
psychoacoustic | What model type do all of the lossy formats roughly depend on? |
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft | Which company owns many of the patents that cover the other formats? |
open | Opus and Vorbis are two explans of what kind of compression format? |
any known patent restrictions | Being open formats means that Opus and Vorbis can be used without what? |
free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format | What are some benefits to some of the newer audio compression formats when compared to MP3? |
available free of charge | How can one obtain an open compression format such as Opus or Vorbis? |
lossless formats | What is a significant alternative to MP3? |
unaltered audio content | What can lossless formats provide? |
increased file size | What is the downside of using a lossless format? |
FLAC | What is another example of a lossless format other than Apple Lossless? |
Free Lossless Audio Codec | What does FLAC stand for? |
Chicago | What city did House music originate from? |
1980s | What decade did House music first develop? |
1984 | What year was House music first popularized? |
electronic dance music | What genre does House music fall into? |
"Pump Up The Volume" | What song by MARRS was an early House hit in 1987? |
4/4 beats | House music is characterized by what type of beats? |
euro house, tech house, electro house and jump house | What are some subgenres of House music? |
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