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1828
During which year was the federal government unstable?
Governor Santiago de Baca Ortiz
Who dissolved the government eventually?
Yorkino
With which type of government did Ortiz replace the old one?
F. Elorriaga
Which new governor was arrested by Ochoa and Bustamente?
J. A. Pescador and Simón Ochoa
Who now headed the civil and military authorities?
Colonel J.J. Calvo
Military command was given to whom based on his firmness?
Apaches
The state was in a war with what group?
Simón Elías González
Who declared the state's civil and military forces should be combined during the campaign?
1837
In which year did Gonzalez receive renomination?
indigenous tribes
What group continuously attacked Mexican settlements?
18
How many military colonies were established by the state?
presidios
The military colonies replaced what as population centers?
six men
How many men per 1000 residents were mandated to defend?
liberal
Which political forces maintained strong control over the state until shortly after French intervention?
Chihuahua
The intervention had serious consequences for which state?
President Juárez
Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?
Governor Luis Terrazas
Who assigned the First Battalion of Chihuahua for integration into the army?
Puebla
To where was the battalion first deployed?
Chihuahua
Juarez again based his government in which state?
the French invasion
The base served as the center for the resistance against whose invasion?
Plaza de Armas
On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued where in Chihuahua City?
General Terrazas
Who decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs?
The bell
Which structure in the church became a historical monument?
corn
The officials in Mexico reduced the price of what food from six cents to two cents per pound?
G. Casavantes
Who led the revolt for the northern portion of the state?
Governor Trías
Casavantes was successful in getting which Governor to exile?
water
Durango and Coahuila had a military confrontation over what natural resource?
Díaz
Who was able to secure and stabilize the state eventually and gain the support of the people?
ranching and mining
The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries.
working class
Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?
haciendas
What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?
proletariat
This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse.
Venustiano Carranza
Who issued the Plan de Guadalupe?
Huerta
The Plan de Guadalupe refused to recognize who as the president?
Carranza
Who returned to Mexico to fight Huerta?
Ciudad Juárez
Which city was the rebellion's capital for most of the struggle?
United States
Carranza threatened war with what country in order to maintain credibility nationally?
about a third
The desert zone accounts for how much of the state's surface area?
Coahuila
The Chihuahuan Desert also extends into which neighboring Mexican state?
flat
The desert zone's topography is mostly what shape?
north
Lower elevations and higher temperature are found in which region of the state; north, south, east, or west?
Rio Grande
Which well-known river runs in the northern part of the state?
coyote
Canis latrans is what animal?
American black bear
Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers?
grazing
The main cause of degradation has been what?
rattlesnake
What type of snake is most popular in the region with many different species?
1921
The last census in Mexico that asked for race was carried out in which year?
50.09%
According to the census of 1921, what percentage of citizens were Mestizo?
whites
The second largest group of people were whom?
NAFTA
What agreement sparked industrial development during the 1990s?
maquiladoras
Large factories called what were built to export manufactured goods to the US and Canada?
294,026
How many in the state are employed by maquiladoras?
Small business
What type of business employs the largest portion of the population?
electronics, automobile, and aerospace components
Most maquiladoras today produce what?
auditory
What type of sensation is pitch?
frequency
What is pitch closely related to?
Pitch
Each persons perception of sound is called?
12
Octaves in linear pitch are what size?
1
Semitones in linear pitch are what size?
69
A440 in linear pitch are what size?
100
An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into how many cents?
60.5
The pitch halfway between C (60) and C♯ (61) is labeled what?
twelve-note chromatic scale
What is the most common method of organization?
the twelfth root of two
The pitch ratio between any two successive notes is?
the octave
All these different methods have what in common?
sound
Pitch is the auditory attribute to what?
frequency
Pitch is a close proxy for what?
rapid
High pitch is what type of oscillation?
slower
Low pitch is what type of oscillation?
sound generated
This produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously?
numerous
A listener can hear how many frequencies at once?
overtones
Harmonics are an important class of what?
the partials
Integer multiples are collectively called?
ambiguous
The pitch of complex tones can be?
two
A complex tone is composed of how many waves?
the missing fundamental
The percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as?
divisor of the frequencies present
the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often?
the tone's frequency content
The just-noticeable difference, at which a change is perceived depends on what?
playing two tones in quick succession
The jnd is typically tested by?
1,400
What is the range of perceptible pitch steps to human hearing?
snare drum
Which drum has a higher perceived pitch even though they both have indefinite pitch?
the addition of a true repetition of the original sound
Repetition pitch is caused by what phenomenon?
indefinite pitch
It is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of what?
spelling
The notion of pitch is insensitive to what?
A4
The description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as what?
logarithmic
Human perception of musical intervals is approximately what?
numerical
Music theorist represent pitches using what kind of scale?
autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve
The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is based on what?
unnecessary
Is a temporal delay necessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception?
ambiguities
Pitch perception has inherent octave what?
1189
When did King Richard I begin his reign?
lions
Which animal is the main motif of England's national football team?
a crown
What type of headgear originally appeared on the lions' heads on England's national football team motif?
1949
In which year was the FA given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms?
1966
Since 2003, England has topped their logo with a star to recognize their World Cup win in which year?
blue
What color were England's first away kits?
red
What color are the socks traditionally worn in England's away kits?
grey
Three times in 1996, England wore what color socks in their away kits instead of the traditional red socks?
navy blue
In 2011, England introduced a new away kit in what color?
home matches
When a new edition of England's away kit has been introduced, the kit is sometimes worn during what type of matches?