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ericoid mycorrhizal fungi
What fungi can grow in copper metalliferous soils?
Suillus luteus
What fungus protects pine trees from copper toxicity?
Aspergillus niger
What fungus grows from gold mining solution?
fungus Aspergillus
What fungus helps to soften heavy metal sulfides?
antimicrobial
What is an intrinsic property of copper-alloy touch surfaces?
99.9%
355 copper alloys have been proven to kill what percentage of bacteria?
Environmental Protection Agency
What does the acronym EPA stand for?
355
How many copper alloys has the EPA approved as antimicrobial materials?
Legionnaires' disease
What disease do hospitals hope to prevent by installing copper doornobs?
wood preservative
What are copper compounds in liquid form used for?
moss
What does copper wires along with zinc on roofs help to prevent?
antimicrobial protective fabrics
What function does copper serve when used in textile fibers?
as a base
How is copper used with nickel?
Copper compounds
What is used to treat structures for dry rot?
at least 10,000 years
How long has copper been in use?
95%
What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900?
more than half
How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years?
1014 tons
How much copper is estimated to exsist on earth?
Recycling
What is a major source of cooper in modern times?
copper lumps
What did Romans use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuriesBC?
the shape and look
What became more important than the copper value for Roman coins?
Julius Caesar
Who had his own coins produced out of brass?
15,000 t
During the 6th through 3rd centuries BC how much copper was mined in Rome?
Cu-Pb-Sn alloys
Cctavianus Augustus Caesar had his coins made out of what alloys?
60%
What percentage of copper is used in electrical wires?
20%
What percentage of copper is used in roofing and plumbing?
15%
What percentage of copper is used in industrial machinery?
hardness
What property does combining copper with brass or bronze create?
brass
What is a metal that copper is combined with to create a greater hardness?
The softness
What is the explanation for copper's capacity for electrical conductivity?
silver
What metal has a higher thermal conductivity than copper?
3.1×106 A/m2
What is the maximum premissible current density in open air of copper?
corrosion
What occurs when copper is placed touching another metal?
it begins to heat excessively
What happens to copper if an electrical current gets too high?
copper sulfides
In what form is copper extracted?
open pit mines
From what types of mines is copper extracted?
0.4 to 1.0% copper
What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted?
Chile
What country was the top producer of copper in 2005?
in-situ leach process
What is the name of the process being considered in Arizona that allows copper to be recovered?
100%
What percent of copper is recyclable?
80%
What percentage of copper that has been mined is still being used today?
aluminium
What other metal besides copper is 100% recyclable?
aluminium
Name a metal that is recycled more often than copper?
35–55 kg
What is the amount of copper in use, per capita, globally?
green
What pigment color is natural to copper?
highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion
What property does the final patina on cooper have?
carbonate and sulfate
What mixture of compounds is the final patina?
environmental
What conditions effect the mixture of carbonate and sulfate in copper?
finished
What can be done to copper to give it a certain look?
suicide attempts
What are copper salts sometimes used for?
copper toxicity
When ingested in large amounts what does copper salts produce in humans?
3 ppm
What is the minimum amount of copper rabbits should have in their diet?
growth rates
What is a major benefit to rabbits having a higher concentration of copper in their diet?
30 mg/kg
What amount of copper salt is toxic in animals?
3rd–2nd century BC
When did Britain first use brass?
Native Americans
Who were the first copper miners in North America?
Isle Royale
Where was native copper extracted with primitive tools between 800 and 1600?
Peru
What country had a strong copper production in 1000 AD
early 20th century
When did commercial production of copper begin?
29
How many isotopes are there of copper?
63Cu and 65Cu
What are the two stable isotopes of cooper?
63Cu
Which isotope makes up about 69% of natural copper?
3.8 minutes
What is the half life of the copper isotope 68mCu?
61.83 hours
What is the half life of the copper isotope 67Cu?
cupronickel
What is the alloy of copper and nickel called?
low-denomination coins
what is the alloy of copper and nickel used for?
75% copper and 25% nickel
What is the metal composition of a US nickel?
resistance to corrosion
What extraordinary property does the alloy made up of 90% copper and 10% nickel possess?
golden
What color is created when the alloys of copper and aluminium are combined?
Polyols
What is the name of the componds that has more than one alcohol functional group?
reducing sugars
What are copper salts used to test?
color change
How is the presence of sugar shown by using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution?
reddish
What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if sugar is present?
cellulose
What does Schweizer's reagent dissolve?
Alloying copper with tin to make bronze
What started about 4000 years after copper smelting was discovered?
4500 BC
What are the first datings of Bronze artifacts from the Vinca culture?
3700–3300 BC
When did the Bronze Age began in Southeastern Europe?
Chalcolithic
What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called?
Brass
What is an alloy of copper and zinc?
1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass
What is the level of copper in the human body?
in the gut
How is copper absorbed in humans?
albumin
What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver?
Ceruloplasmin
What protein carries the majority of copper in blood?
via bile
How can the body get rid of excess copper?
0.6%
What is the average concentration of copper in ores?
sulfides
What are most commercial ores?
floats on top
What happens to the silicate slag during the flash smelting process?
iron
What does heating copper ore materials with silica remove?
oxides
What do the sulfides convert to after the copper matte is roasted?
four
How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray?
orange-red
What color is pure copper?
reddish tarnish
What does copper aquire when exposed to air?
orange light
The energy difference between filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells corresponds to what color of light?
yellow
What color is the metal caesium?
architectural material
What has copper been used for since ancient times?
antimicrobial indoor products
In recent times what is one interior use copper been expanded to include?
low thermal movement
What is an important benefit to using copper as an architectural material?
hundreds or thousands of years
How long has copper been used in building construction?
antimicrobial
What is the benefit to using copper for things such as counter tops and hand rails?
A psychological identity
Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what?