answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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ericoid mycorrhizal fungi | What fungi can grow in copper metalliferous soils? |
Suillus luteus | What fungus protects pine trees from copper toxicity? |
Aspergillus niger | What fungus grows from gold mining solution? |
fungus Aspergillus | What fungus helps to soften heavy metal sulfides? |
antimicrobial | What is an intrinsic property of copper-alloy touch surfaces? |
99.9% | 355 copper alloys have been proven to kill what percentage of bacteria? |
Environmental Protection Agency | What does the acronym EPA stand for? |
355 | How many copper alloys has the EPA approved as antimicrobial materials? |
Legionnaires' disease | What disease do hospitals hope to prevent by installing copper doornobs? |
wood preservative | What are copper compounds in liquid form used for? |
moss | What does copper wires along with zinc on roofs help to prevent? |
antimicrobial protective fabrics | What function does copper serve when used in textile fibers? |
as a base | How is copper used with nickel? |
Copper compounds | What is used to treat structures for dry rot? |
at least 10,000 years | How long has copper been in use? |
95% | What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900? |
more than half | How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years? |
1014 tons | How much copper is estimated to exsist on earth? |
Recycling | What is a major source of cooper in modern times? |
copper lumps | What did Romans use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuriesBC? |
the shape and look | What became more important than the copper value for Roman coins? |
Julius Caesar | Who had his own coins produced out of brass? |
15,000 t | During the 6th through 3rd centuries BC how much copper was mined in Rome? |
Cu-Pb-Sn alloys | Cctavianus Augustus Caesar had his coins made out of what alloys? |
60% | What percentage of copper is used in electrical wires? |
20% | What percentage of copper is used in roofing and plumbing? |
15% | What percentage of copper is used in industrial machinery? |
hardness | What property does combining copper with brass or bronze create? |
brass | What is a metal that copper is combined with to create a greater hardness? |
The softness | What is the explanation for copper's capacity for electrical conductivity? |
silver | What metal has a higher thermal conductivity than copper? |
3.1×106 A/m2 | What is the maximum premissible current density in open air of copper? |
corrosion | What occurs when copper is placed touching another metal? |
it begins to heat excessively | What happens to copper if an electrical current gets too high? |
copper sulfides | In what form is copper extracted? |
open pit mines | From what types of mines is copper extracted? |
0.4 to 1.0% copper | What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted? |
Chile | What country was the top producer of copper in 2005? |
in-situ leach process | What is the name of the process being considered in Arizona that allows copper to be recovered? |
100% | What percent of copper is recyclable? |
80% | What percentage of copper that has been mined is still being used today? |
aluminium | What other metal besides copper is 100% recyclable? |
aluminium | Name a metal that is recycled more often than copper? |
35–55 kg | What is the amount of copper in use, per capita, globally? |
green | What pigment color is natural to copper? |
highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion | What property does the final patina on cooper have? |
carbonate and sulfate | What mixture of compounds is the final patina? |
environmental | What conditions effect the mixture of carbonate and sulfate in copper? |
finished | What can be done to copper to give it a certain look? |
suicide attempts | What are copper salts sometimes used for? |
copper toxicity | When ingested in large amounts what does copper salts produce in humans? |
3 ppm | What is the minimum amount of copper rabbits should have in their diet? |
growth rates | What is a major benefit to rabbits having a higher concentration of copper in their diet? |
30 mg/kg | What amount of copper salt is toxic in animals? |
3rd–2nd century BC | When did Britain first use brass? |
Native Americans | Who were the first copper miners in North America? |
Isle Royale | Where was native copper extracted with primitive tools between 800 and 1600? |
Peru | What country had a strong copper production in 1000 AD |
early 20th century | When did commercial production of copper begin? |
29 | How many isotopes are there of copper? |
63Cu and 65Cu | What are the two stable isotopes of cooper? |
63Cu | Which isotope makes up about 69% of natural copper? |
3.8 minutes | What is the half life of the copper isotope 68mCu? |
61.83 hours | What is the half life of the copper isotope 67Cu? |
cupronickel | What is the alloy of copper and nickel called? |
low-denomination coins | what is the alloy of copper and nickel used for? |
75% copper and 25% nickel | What is the metal composition of a US nickel? |
resistance to corrosion | What extraordinary property does the alloy made up of 90% copper and 10% nickel possess? |
golden | What color is created when the alloys of copper and aluminium are combined? |
Polyols | What is the name of the componds that has more than one alcohol functional group? |
reducing sugars | What are copper salts used to test? |
color change | How is the presence of sugar shown by using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution? |
reddish | What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if sugar is present? |
cellulose | What does Schweizer's reagent dissolve? |
Alloying copper with tin to make bronze | What started about 4000 years after copper smelting was discovered? |
4500 BC | What are the first datings of Bronze artifacts from the Vinca culture? |
3700–3300 BC | When did the Bronze Age began in Southeastern Europe? |
Chalcolithic | What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called? |
Brass | What is an alloy of copper and zinc? |
1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass | What is the level of copper in the human body? |
in the gut | How is copper absorbed in humans? |
albumin | What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver? |
Ceruloplasmin | What protein carries the majority of copper in blood? |
via bile | How can the body get rid of excess copper? |
0.6% | What is the average concentration of copper in ores? |
sulfides | What are most commercial ores? |
floats on top | What happens to the silicate slag during the flash smelting process? |
iron | What does heating copper ore materials with silica remove? |
oxides | What do the sulfides convert to after the copper matte is roasted? |
four | How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray? |
orange-red | What color is pure copper? |
reddish tarnish | What does copper aquire when exposed to air? |
orange light | The energy difference between filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells corresponds to what color of light? |
yellow | What color is the metal caesium? |
architectural material | What has copper been used for since ancient times? |
antimicrobial indoor products | In recent times what is one interior use copper been expanded to include? |
low thermal movement | What is an important benefit to using copper as an architectural material? |
hundreds or thousands of years | How long has copper been used in building construction? |
antimicrobial | What is the benefit to using copper for things such as counter tops and hand rails? |
A psychological identity | Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what? |
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