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ethnic identity
What aspect or type of identity does Weinreich single out?
identity
What psychological concept does Weinreich state as between the past and future?
one's self-construal
A person's identity is defined as the totality of what?
individual and group identity
The central task for psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists is to describe what topics?
Weinreich
Who developed the ISA?
Identity Structure Analysis
ISA stands for what?
Weinreich's identity variant
Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what?
diffused
Those with high levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?
foreclosed or defensive
Those with low levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?
the identity variant
An adolescent going through a family break up turning into an adult in a stable marriage is given as an example of change in what?
an optimal level
What level of identity diffusion is interpreted as the norm?
Anthropologists
What group has shifted the focus of research in identity?
an appropriate analytical tool
What does a researcher have to identify to carry out empirical research?
Barth
What researcher advocated for focus on the boundaries of ethnic groups rather than the cultural aspects of ethnic groups?
the framework
If identity is a virtual site, what do boundaries supply to the virtual site?
identity
Boundaries are frequently used by researchers to help define what?
one's total identity
What are gender identity, ethnic identity, and occupational identity aspects of?
age and accumulated experiences
How one construes oneself now and in the future differs considerably because of what 2 things?
the life cycle
The young child, the adolescent, the young adult and the older adult are phases of what?
the height of one's powers
The salient experiential markers one uses to define one's past self differ based on the age that one was at what?
identity
What is distinct from the self?
how identity is maintained
What can the literature of self-psychology offer insight into?
self-esteem
What have theorists shown interest in relating to the self-concept?
self-psychology
The I and the Me are two areas of interest in what?
the social environment
Self-psychology is compelled to investigate how personal self relates to what?
mental events and states
What two factors are focused on when explaining an individual's actions within a group?
identity
What are individual cognition and collective behavior are levels of?
identity
What term have Anthropologists employed to refer to the Eriksonian idea of selfhood?
anthropologists
Modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970's led what group to be more interested in identity?
the Eriksonian approach
Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others?
inclusive or exclusive
What are the two types of group boundaries?
exclusive
A marker that imposes restriction on the behavior of others is what kind of boundary?
inclusive
A marker that people are ready and willing to associate with is what kind of boundary?
language
What boundary is given as an example that can be inclusive or exclusive?
Neo-Eriksonian
What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia?
exploration and commitment
The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts?
any individual's sense of identity
In the Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm, exploration and commitments determine what in large part?
a sense of positive self-esteem
What do many people gain from their identity groups?
discrimination
People favoring those in their group over outsiders, is an example of what?
the social identity tradition
Belonging and discrimination are both important to researchers working in what tradition?
social identity theory
Distinction between in and out groups has been shown to affect people's evaluations of others in work related to what?
a primordialist approach
What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing?
social constructionist theory
The view that identity is based on a political choice of characteristics is rooted in what theory?
political and historical contexts
Primordialist and social constructionist views need to be understood in what contexts?
the lens of identity
Various research traditions are using what lens to examine phenomena?
glorified maids
What stigma do correctional officers have to deal with?
occupational settings
The implications of identity and identity construction are discussed in what settings?
an identity they can live with
What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create?
workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life
What are the two examples give for justifications and values for occupational choices?
benign
What is it called when someone aspires to the characteristics of significant others?
malign
What is it called when someone wants to dissociate from the characteristics of significant others?
defensive contra-identification
Dissociating from the characteristics of significant others is a process of what?
significant others
The formation of identity occurs through identifications with whom?
relative weakness or relative strength
What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments?
identity diffusion
What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?
identity foreclosure
What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future?
identity moratorium
What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?
identity achievement
What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices?
category of analysis
Many scholars confuse identity as a category of practice and what other category?
their own preconceptions of identity
What do many scholars demonstrate a tendency towards?
the idea of identification
The idea that identity is made of components that are identified by individuals is what idea?
human social self-expression
Some scholars try to introduce new concepts to capture the fluid qualities of what?
define it empirically
What is it impossible to do with identity?
Gender identity
What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree?
identity
What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of?
cognitive psychology
Identity refers to the capacity for self-reflection and awareness in what scientific study?
Erik Erikson
Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity?
ego identity
What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self?
the personal identity
The personal idiosyncrasies that separate individuals are called what?
the social identity or the cultural identity
What are the 3 names for the collection of a person's social roles?
the psychodynamic tradition
In what tradition is Erikson's work to track identity formation throughout a lifetime?
Laing's
Whose definition of identity closely follows Erikson's?
metaperspective of self
One person's perception of another's perception is an example of what concept?
self/identity
The person, aspects of self, and personal characteristics displayed to others are components of what?
Kenneth Gergen
Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self?
The strategic manipulator
In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes alienated from his or her social self?
The pastiche personality
In what classification is a person who gives up the chance for a true self and adopts social perceptions of him or herself?
the relational self
In what classification is a person who gives up their exclusive sense of self and defines him or herself only in terms of social engagement?
postmodern culture
The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture?
the concept of boundaries
What concept helps map and define people's experiences of self in society?
identity
What is a volatile, flexible, and abstract thing?
other social beings
Language, dress, behavior, and choice of space are affected by recognition by what group?
boundaries
What do markers help create?
influence
Markers can be used to exert what on other people?
Himachal Pradesh
What is the third fastest growing economy in India?
fourth
What is Himachal Pradesh ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States?
Abundance of perennial rivers
What enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states?
hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture
What three things is the economy of the state dependent on?
Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan
What other Indian states does it sell hydroelectricity to?
15 April 1948
When did the Chief Commissioners Province of HP come into being?
18 December 1970
When was the State of Himchal Pradesh Act passed?
25 January 1971
When did Himachal emerge as the 18th state of the Indian Union?
1 November 1956
When did Himachal Pradesh become a union territory?
as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states
Why did the Chief Commissioners Province of HP come into being?
In the assembly elections held in November 2012
When did Congress secure an absolute majority?
36 of the 68 seats
How many seats did Congress win?
Virbhadra Singh
Who was sworn in as HImachal Pradesh's Chief Minister for a record sixth term?
Governor Urmila Singh
Who administered the oath of office and secrecy?
historic Ridge Maidan in Shimla
Where was the oath of office and secrecy taken?
hydro electric resources
Himachal is extremely rich in?