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Canis familiaris.
Many researchers prefer what term?
ICZN
Who ruled in 2003 that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts?
Opinion 2027
What was this decision called?
genetic studies
What indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as two monophyletic clades?
extinct.
The common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what?
hunter-gatherers
Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?
Taimyr wolf of North Asia
Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?
human hunter-gatherers
Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?
gray wolf
Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?
Taimyr
Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?
Modern dog breeds
What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other?
catching and tearing.
What are dog teeth best suited for?
scavengers
Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?
wrist
What bones in dog legs are fused?
endurance
A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else?
catching and tearing
What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?
scavengers
Dogs originated as predators and what?
height and weight.
Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics?
English Mastiff
What breed was the largest dog known to have lived?
English Mastiff
What is the biggest known dog?
double
Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?
soft down hair
Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?
double
What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?
topcoat only
What is a single coat?
countershading
When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what?
upper surfaces
A dog with countershading has dark coloring where?
countershading
A natural camo pattern is known as what?
dark coloring
What color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading?
visibility
What is reduced when a dog has countershading?
tails
What part of a dog can be straight, curly or cork-screwed?
emotional state
What does a dog communicate with its tail?
tails
What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed?
genetic ailments
What are some dogs prone to?
parasites
What are all dogs susceptible to?
unspayed
Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?
unspayed females
Who does pyometra affect?
parasites
What are fleas, ticks and mites called?
toxic
Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?
xylitol
Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?
macadamia
What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?
theobromine
What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?
toxic
Some human foods can be what to dogs?
nicotine
What in tobacco can hurt dogs?
dark
What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?
1.2 years
Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs?
shorter
Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?
2013
When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds?
1.2 years longer
Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live?
10 to 13 years.
What is the median lifespan of canines?
Dogue de Bordeaux
What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan?
5.2 years
What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years?
6 to 7 years.
What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound?
Dogue de Bordeaux
Which dog has the shortest lifespan?
5.2 years
What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux?
14 to 15 years.
What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?
Bluey
What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest?
Pusuke
What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived?
1939
What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book?
Bluey
What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years?
1939
When did Bluey die?
Pusuke
Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011?
two
How many times per year do female dogs go into heat?
pregnancy.
What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for?
two years
Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature?
first estrous cycle
What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity?
58 to 68 days
How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies?
63 days
What is the average length of dog pregnancy?
about six
What is the average number of pups in a litter?
one to four
For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter?
63 days
What is the average for a dog to bear her litter?
six
What is the average number of pups per litter?
one to four
Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter?
Neutering
What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation?
the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
According to the text, what agency recommends altering dogs to prevent pregnancies?
testicles
What is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation?
ovaries and uterus
What is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy?
testicles
In neutering, what is removed in a male dog?
ovaries and uterus
In neutering, what is removed in female dogs?
neutered
What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes?
Neutering
Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what?
urinary incontinence
According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog?
Spayed
Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens?
urinary incontinence
What is increased in female dogs with neutering?
prostate cancer
What is increased in male dogs with neutering?
Rico
What is the name of the dog that could ID over 200 things?
Chaser
What is the name of the Border collie that knew over 1000 words?
gesturing and pointing
In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things?
Australian dingos
What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment?
to solve their problems for them.
What is one thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for?
intelligence
Perceiving information and retaining it is what?
over 200
How many labels does Rico the dog know?
advanced
What kind of memory skills do dogs have?
over 1,000
How many words did Chaser know?
9,000–30,000 years BCE
Dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of years on the calendar?
humans.
Dog minds have been shaped by thousands of years of contact with what species?
social-cognitive skills of human children
What do some dog skills parallel in human beings?
humans.
Dogs are very well attuned to what other species' behaviors?
humans.
Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species?
Dog behavior
What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as?
understand and communicate
More than any other species, dogs are able to do what with people?