dangermouse77/FromAnswerToQuestion-SQuADplusTriviaQA

answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀	question stringlengths 1 25.7k
human children	Dogs have some social skills that parallel what?
scents, pheromones and taste	What is gustatory communication include in dogs?
hand signals	People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else?
Dog communication	Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what?
hand signals	In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs?
dogs.	Which typically has thicker skin, dogs or wolves?
atrophy of the jaw muscles.	Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what?
diagnostic features	What kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs?
once a year.	How often do female wolves enter estrus?
behaviors.	Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?
11	How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog?
morphology and behavior	The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?
tameness	What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?
fear and aggression	What do most dogs show less of than wolves?
production-related traits	Most domestic animals were selected for what traits?
for their behaviors.	Why were dogs initially selected?
11	For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation?
aggression	Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves?
525 million	What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet?
525 million	How many dogs are estimated to be in the world?
human population densities	What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses?
apex	Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator?
fearless	Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs?
dogs	What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia?
apex	Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs?
sheep	Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?
Wolves	What limits the feral dog population in Russia?
leopards.	What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is?
Striped hyenas	What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan?
alligators and pythons	What two reptiles kill dogs and consume them?
Leopards	What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs?
Tigers	What big cats in Indonesia also attack dogs?
alligators and pythons	What type of reptiles eat dogs?
Striped hyenas	What is a known predator of village dogs in India?
omnivores	Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?
vegetables and grains	Dogs can digest meat as well as what else?
obligate	Cats are known as what type of carnivore?
carnivores or omnivores	Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?
protein	Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating?
starch	Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot?
a few hundred years	The majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long?
particular morphologies and behaviors	People selected dogs they wanted based on what two things?
selective breeding	Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what?
Irish Wolfhound	Height measurements in dogs go from six inches for Chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed?
a few hundred years old	How old are most dog breeds?
hundreds	How many different breeds are there?
blue	Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs?
selective breeding	Natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways?
breed	What distinguishes different types of dogs from one another?
modern kennel clubs.	Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds?
natural selection and selective breeding	What is responsible for different dog types and breeds today?
breeds	Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what?
non-scientific	Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs?
unsystematic.	The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what?
four	A scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many types of dogs being determinably distinct?
Malamute and Shar Pei	What, according to the text, are two examples of "old world" dogs?
herding	the Border collie is an example of what type of dog?
four	How many main types of dogs are there?
old world dogs	What type of dogs are Shar Peis?
all others	What are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called?
bite inhibition	What is one of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves?
sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication	What may make dogs have the ability to be trained by, play with and fit in with people?
one of the most successful species on the planet today.	Higher social attributes and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species?
bite inhibition	What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves?
hunter-gatherers	Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans?
aiding handicapped individuals.	Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide?
man's best friend	Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?
a source of meat	Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions?
food scraps.	What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean?
three dog night	What do Australian aborigines call a frigid night?
early warning.	What did a dog's good hearing help humans with?
cleaning up food scraps	How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps?
three dog night	What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night?
cooperative hunting	What type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together?
2004	What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them?
sense of smell	What would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps?
the domestication of the wolf	The successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what?
sled dogs	What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago?
Bering land bridge	What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America?
9,400 years	How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America?
12,000 years ago	Evidence places dogs in North America when?
Athabascan	Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population?
Apache and Navajo tribes	Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago?
horse	People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose?
puppy	A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else?
humans and dogs	What two species have the most widespread bonding?
after World War II	When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets?
1980s	What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets?
outside	In the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where?
elites	Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions?
outside	Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today?
1980s	When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions?
commodification	Shaping dogs to what people want is called what?
dogs.	The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what?
two	How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization?
commodification	When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what?
everyday routines	A second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what?
commodity forms	It is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available?
18th	Dog training can be researched back to what century?
urine marking	How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned?

human children

Dogs have some social skills that parallel what?

scents, pheromones and taste

What is gustatory communication include in dogs?

hand signals

People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else?

Dog communication

Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what?

hand signals

In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs?

dogs.

Which typically has thicker skin, dogs or wolves?

atrophy of the jaw muscles.

Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what?

diagnostic features

What kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs?

once a year.

How often do female wolves enter estrus?

behaviors.

Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?

11

How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog?

morphology and behavior

The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?

tameness

What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?

fear and aggression

What do most dogs show less of than wolves?

production-related traits

Most domestic animals were selected for what traits?

for their behaviors.

Why were dogs initially selected?

11

For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation?

aggression

Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves?

525 million

What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet?

525 million

How many dogs are estimated to be in the world?

human population densities

What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses?

apex

Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator?

fearless

Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs?

dogs

What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia?

apex

Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs?

sheep

Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?

Wolves

What limits the feral dog population in Russia?

leopards.

What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is?

Striped hyenas

What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan?

alligators and pythons

What two reptiles kill dogs and consume them?

Leopards

What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs?

Tigers

What big cats in Indonesia also attack dogs?

alligators and pythons

What type of reptiles eat dogs?

Striped hyenas

What is a known predator of village dogs in India?

omnivores

Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?

vegetables and grains

Dogs can digest meat as well as what else?

obligate

Cats are known as what type of carnivore?

carnivores or omnivores

Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?

protein

Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating?

starch

Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot?

a few hundred years

The majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long?

particular morphologies and behaviors

People selected dogs they wanted based on what two things?

selective breeding

Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what?

Irish Wolfhound

Height measurements in dogs go from six inches for Chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed?

a few hundred years old

How old are most dog breeds?

hundreds

How many different breeds are there?

blue

Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs?

selective breeding

Natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways?

breed

What distinguishes different types of dogs from one another?

modern kennel clubs.

Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds?

natural selection and selective breeding

What is responsible for different dog types and breeds today?

breeds

Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what?

non-scientific

Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs?

unsystematic.

The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what?

four

A scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many types of dogs being determinably distinct?

Malamute and Shar Pei

What, according to the text, are two examples of "old world" dogs?

herding

the Border collie is an example of what type of dog?

four

How many main types of dogs are there?

old world dogs

What type of dogs are Shar Peis?

all others

What are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called?

bite inhibition

What is one of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves?

sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication

What may make dogs have the ability to be trained by, play with and fit in with people?

one of the most successful species on the planet today.

Higher social attributes and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species?

bite inhibition

What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves?

hunter-gatherers

Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans?

aiding handicapped individuals.

Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide?

man's best friend

Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?

a source of meat

Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions?

food scraps.

What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean?

three dog night

What do Australian aborigines call a frigid night?

early warning.

What did a dog's good hearing help humans with?

cleaning up food scraps

How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps?

three dog night

What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night?

cooperative hunting

What type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together?

2004

What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them?

sense of smell

What would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps?

the domestication of the wolf

The successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what?

sled dogs

What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago?

Bering land bridge

What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America?

9,400 years

How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America?

12,000 years ago

Evidence places dogs in North America when?

Athabascan

Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population?

Apache and Navajo tribes

Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago?

horse

People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose?

puppy

A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else?

humans and dogs

What two species have the most widespread bonding?

after World War II

When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets?

1980s

What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets?

outside

In the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where?

elites

Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions?

outside

Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today?

1980s

When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions?

commodification

Shaping dogs to what people want is called what?

dogs.

The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what?

two

How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization?

commodification

When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what?

everyday routines

A second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what?

commodity forms

It is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available?

18th

Dog training can be researched back to what century?

urine marking

How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned?