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Manteia Predictive Medicine
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Which company has led the way in sequencing of individual genetic makeup?
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James D. Watson
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Whose complete genetic information was recorded in 2007?
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the structure of DNA
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What is Watson famous for helping discover?
|
genome map
|
What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome?
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The Human Genome Project
|
Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material?
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Jean Weissenbach
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Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?
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Genoscope
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Where did Weissenbach and his colleagues work?
|
Genome composition
|
What is the term that accounts for the constituents of the haploid genome?
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evolutionary history
|
What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about?
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prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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What two types of organisms have remarkable differences in their genomic composition?
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exon-intron
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What type of organizing can be observed in eukaryote genomes?
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mammals and plants
|
In what types of eukaryotes is there a large amount of non-coding DNA?
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pathogenic microbe
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What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes?
|
virus
|
What is an example of an organism whose full complement of genetic material resides in its chromosomes?
|
plasmids
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Where is additional genetic material found in pathogenic microbes?
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plants, protozoa and animals
|
What are examples of classes of eukaryotes where genome only refers to the information found in chromosomes?
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plastome
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What is a name for the genetic material found within chloroplasts?
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mitochondrial genome
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What is a name for the genetic makeup of mitochondria?
|
Genome size
|
What is the name for the count of all DNA base pairs in a single haploid genome?
|
morphological complexity
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What does genome size have a direct relationship with in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes?
|
repetitive DNA
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What accounts for the breakdown of the relation between genome size and morphological complexity in higher eukaryotes?
|
minimal genomes
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What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?
|
in vivo and in silico
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In what experimental contexts are experiments being carried out on minimal genomes?
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Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes
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What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?
|
proportion of non-repetitive DNA
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In higher eukaryotes, what has an inverse relationship with genome size?
|
genome size
|
What is the size of non-repetitive DNA divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?
|
E. coli
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What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?
|
C. elegans and fruit fly
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What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA?
|
20%
|
What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?
|
tandem repeats and interspersed repeats
|
What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes?
|
proportion of repetitive DNA
|
What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?
|
Tandem repeats
|
Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA?
|
satellite DNA and microsatellites
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What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA?
|
interspersed repeats.
|
What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals?
|
Transposable elements
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What is the main source of interspersed repeats?
|
genome evolution
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What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes?
|
retrotransposons
|
What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements?
|
DNA transposons
|
What are the constituents of Class 2 transposable elements?
|
RNA
|
What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?
|
cut and paste
|
What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move?
|
RNA
|
DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs?
|
karyotype
|
What is another word for the total count of chromosomes?
|
genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content
|
Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists?
|
Duplications
|
What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is?
|
genetic novelty
|
What is a possible product of duplications?
|
Horizontal gene transfer
|
What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome?
|
microbes
|
In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly?
|
chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes
|
Parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer?
|
comprehensive school
|
What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit?
|
selective school system
|
What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?
|
England and Wales
|
What countries used comprehensive schools extensively?
|
90%
|
How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England?
|
Gesamtschule
|
What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school?
|
design and technology and vocational learning
|
What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools?
|
Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges
|
What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?
|
City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes
|
Which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question?
|
164
|
How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?
|
1965
|
In what year were comprehensive schools first created?
|
neighbourhood
|
What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?
|
Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges
|
What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?
|
1970s
|
In what decade did Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?
|
7 to 16
|
What age ranges does Finnish comprehensive school cover?
|
comprehensive
|
What type of school is the Gesamtschule?
|
remedial
|
What kinds of courses are offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?
|
the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur
|
What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can earn?
|
50%
|
What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?
|
less than 1%
|
What percentage of Bavarian students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?
|
Stadtteilschule
|
What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?
|
Sekundarschule
|
What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlin?
|
2010/2011
|
In what school year were Hauptschulen first combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen?
|
college preparatory classes
|
What kind of classes are not offered in Mittelschule?
|
Abitur
|
What certificate is not available to Mittelschule students?
|
Hauptschule
|
What kind of school is not available in some parts of Germany?
|
grade inflation
|
What type of misconduct have comprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?
|
Barbara Sommer
|
Which German minister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?
|
Sigrid Beer
|
Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?
|
Christian Democratic Union
|
Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?
|
Alliance '90/The Greens
|
Which party does Sigrid Beer belong to?
|
bright working class students
|
Who could be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?
|
middle class peers
|
From what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at comprehensive schools?
|
Hauptschule
|
At which school do students achieve the least success?
|
Helmut Fend
|
Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools?
|
tripartite system
|
To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?
|
1972
|
When was the first comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?
|
sixth form
|
Where can students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar?
|
A-levels
|
What examinations do students prepare for in the sixth form?
|
1966
|
When did Ireland first open comprehensive schools?
|
Patrick Hillery
|
Who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?
|
vocational school system
|
What was the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools?
|
community school
|
What type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in Ireland?
|
1970s
|
In what decade were community schools conceived?
|
The state
|
Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?
|
the denominational basis of the schools
|
What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?
|
Community colleges
|
What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?
|
1946
|
In what year was the Walworth School established?
|
London County Council
|
Who established the Walworth School?
|
Holyhead County School
|
What comprehensive school was established in Anglesey?
|
1949
|
When was Holyhead County School established?
|
Woodlands Boys School
|
Which comprehensive school openend in coventry?
|
Anthony Crosland
|
Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?
|
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