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cc-by | No difference was evidenced in the expression profile of PB1 and N40 (Fig. 1B ). Densitometric measurements of PB1 levels standardized to a-tubulin levels on independent experiments confirmed that mutations introduced had no effect on PB1 and N40 expressions (data not shown), allowing us to exclude the involvement of N... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 1D ). Viral RNA quantification in lungs of infected mice showed fast and efficient replication of both viruses at 2 and 4 days pi, and, remarkably, the viral loads were not reduced at later time points but still increased at 8 days pi. We also observed an increase in IFN-b mRNA levels: IFN-b transcription was induced a... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 3 ). Genes specific for each virus were used to characterize the functional consequences of PB1-F2 expression. We used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to identify canonical pathways associated to the differentially expressed genes. The significance of each identified pathways are represented in the histograms... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | p,0. 05, dashed line), indicating that the associated canonical pathways are significantly regulated during infection by the DF2 virus but not during infection by the WT virus. Among the most significantly regulated pathways, 3 of them are tightly associated to macrophage activation: ''Acute Phase Response Signaling'',... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | PB1-F2 from Nig06 delays immune gene regulation Pathways relevant to the immune response are prevalent in the transcriptomic signature associated to PB1-F2 expression during infection. In order to evaluate the specific regulation of immune genes during infection by the 2 viruses, we filtered all the regulated immune ge... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | PB1-F2 from Nig06 promotes tissue damage and delays alveolar macrophages activation As shown in Fig. 3A , no pathways were significantly regulated in the WT Nig06-infected mice at 2 days pi. To get insight into the critical events occurring at this time point and to identify functions that could be non-indexed in IPA s... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The data presented were compiled from replicate RNA samples prepared from 3 to 4 individual mice and analyzed on independent microarrays. Functional categories associated to the differentially expressed genes were identified using IPA and represented as histograms. These results are presented as the negative logarithm ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Microarray experiments Transcriptional profiling was performed using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome Microarray Kit, 4644 K (G4122F). Separate microarrays were run for each experimental sample (one sample per mouse and three or four mice per time point (Days postinfection (pi) 2 and 4: n = 3; mock and day pi 8: n = 4). Ar... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank S. Van Der Werf ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ) for providing the A/duck/Niger/2090/06 virus and in vitro transcribed RNA standards prepared from the cloned M gene of A/Paris/ 650/04 , Jean-Claude Manuguerra ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ) for providing the anti-A/ Hong Kong/156/97 ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | This work was funded by the Conseil regional d'I ˆle-de-France through DIM Malinf (''Domaine d'Interet Majeur Maladies Infectieuses, parasitaires et nosocomiales emergentes '', Grant#: dim100157). OL and PLH were supported by '' DIM Malinf '' doctoral fellowships awarded by the '' Conseil regional d'I ˆle-de-France ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The second one can also be tested by giving the patient a complex order (follow a recipe) and assess how he/she deals with the general recommendation in order to test initiation as well as execution. This type of assessment is very difficult to organize and time consuming. Following these examples the expert panel unde... | 10.1007/s12603-013-0046-3 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Requirements Before using ICT devices in clinical trials, several steps need to be achieved: -ICT needs to be accepted by as a valid study endpoint by Health Authorities. In fact, it seems hard to shift from a well establish end point into a surrogate marker. Unless we get this new endpoint to be approved, technologies... | 10.1007/s12603-013-0046-3 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The ICT and Mental Health workshop was supported by by the Innovation Alzheimer association, The Centre National de Référence Santé à domicile et autonomie ( CNR Santé ) and grants from the ANR-09-TECS-016-01 -TecSan -SWEET HOME , the FP7 Dem@care project. | 10.1007/s12603-013-0046-3 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements: TDK is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship , and was supported by an Royal Astronomical Society 2010 Fellowship for some of this work. BR and CH acknowledge support from the the European Research Council in the form of a Starting Grant with numbers 24067 (BR) and 240185 (C... | 10.1088/0067-0049/205/2/12 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | S. Department of Energy through Grant DE-FG02-91ER4068 and GL is also supported by the one-hundred talents program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). MK thanks Liping Fu. This work was funded by a EU FP7 PASCAL 2 Challenge Grant. Workshops for the GREAT10 challenge were funded by the eScience STFC Theme... | 10.1088/0067-0049/205/2/12 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgement We thank Dr. Stéphane Biacchesi ( INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France ) for critical reading of the manuscript and Mr Turi 's group from Forte bio for their technical help. | 10.4172/2155-9872.1000169 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | We also tested the LUSH F121A and LUSH F121W lines, because recombinant LUSH F121A was unable to rescue the loss of spontaneous activity in OR67d neurons observed in lush mutants thereby providing a second piece of evidence linking LUSH conformational changes and OR67d neuronal firing [24, 29]. We observed that all LU... | 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001546 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | Re-examination of the Structural Dynamics of LUSH Given the discrepancies between the properties of transgenic and recombinant LUSH proteins, we re-examined the published LUSH structures to determine the relationship between the presence and type of ligand and the conformation of this OBP (Table 1 ). We first superpos... | 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001546 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We are grateful to Marion Pesenti for her help with the structural analysis, Liliane Abuin for technical assistance, and Frederic Schu ¨tz for advice on statistical analysis. We thank Ilona Kadow , Sophie Martin , Leslie Vosshall , and members of the Benton group for discussions and comments on... | 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001546 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | CGD was supported by the Post-doctoral FICYT-PCTI Clarin Programme from the Government of the Principado de Asturias. CC was supported in part by the FP7 EU project Enaromatic ( FP7/2007-2013 , Grant Agreement No. FP7-222927 ). Research in RB's laboratory is supported by the University of Lausanne , a European R... | 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001546 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | 25 4. 6 2. 81/4. 46 2. 70 Propanol LUSH 1OOG P4 3 1. 45 4. 6 3. 33/4. 48 4. 41 Ethanol LUSH 1OOF P4 3 1. 49 4. 6 3. 75/4. 54 3. 03 Apo LUSH D118A 2QDI P4 3 2. 0 4. 0 - - Apo LUSH Apo LUSH cVA LUSH 1OOI 1T14 2GTE P6 1 P4 3 P2 1 2 1 2 1 2. 04 1. 86 1. 40 6. 5 4. 6 8. 5 5. 33 3. 55/4. 54 4. 91/7. 70 -4. 42 8. 09 (K87 A) (... | 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001546 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | When the input D is 0. 1 µm 2 /s, the BIC is reliable for acquisition times between 10 and 200 ms. These data indicate that the BIC is the better indicator for free Brownian motion, when compared to the AIC and AICc. It should be noted that this evaluation is solely for the model of the trajectory and not the inferred ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0082799 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Thus, this technique supplies a rigorous and reliable tool to automatically segment and classify SMT data. Finally, this method can easily confirm previous findings about the loss of confinement of CPǫT receptor trajectories due to lipid raft disaggregation. In the previous analysis, the mean diffusion coefficient incr... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0082799 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | This expression is the probability of going from one space-time coordinate (r 1 , t 1 ) to the next (r 2 , t 2 ) for a diffusivity D and a force F ij with a positioning noise σ. The transition probability for the free Brownian motion can be obtained from Eq. 5 by setting F ij = 0 and gives: P Brownian ((r 2 , t 2 |r 1 ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0082799 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Cell treatment with Cholesterol oxidase Where mentioned, we incubated cells with 20 U/mL cholesterol oxidase (Calbiochem) in HBSS+10mM HEPES for 30 minutes. A cholesterol quantification kit (Invitrogen) was used to determine successful cholesterol digestion on lyzed cells before and after incubation. The data has been ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0082799 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Antigoni Alexandrou for the critical review of this manuscript and for her helpful insight. We also thank Maximilian Richly for his support during the cholesterol oxidase treatment SMT experiments. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0082799 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | g. , the case of nosocomial infections in hospitals). In such contexts, the design and evaluation of prevention measures or containment policies is naturally based on targeting specific classes of individuals. For example, it is possible to prioritize the vaccination of a certain class of individuals (e. g. , nurses in... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | The population is structured in different classes that correspond to different roles in the hospital ward. The collected data, described in detail in Ref. (33) , include the detailed timeordered sequence of individuals' contacts between all subject pairs. We consider various representations of the hospital ward data, c... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Data The dataset we use (33) describes the contacts of 119 individuals in a general pediatric ward of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome, Italy, over a period of one week (9-16 November 2009). The ward under study is located in the Department of Pediatrics and is physically separated from other wards and f... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Bambino Gesù Hospital (33). As described in (33) , during the data collection period all healthcare workers (HCWs) on duty, patients, parents or tutors were invited to participate in the measurements. HCWs participated in several meetings to receive information a... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Overall, the data describes the contacts of 119 individuals, among which more than 90% of the HCWs who were on duty in the ward during the chosen week. These 119 participants were associated with the following role classes: 37 patients (P), 20 physicians (D), 21 nurses (N), 10 ward assistants (A), i. e. , health care w... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Analysis The empirical contact data are analyzed and characterized in Ref. (33). In order for the present paper to be self-contained, we report here the contact matrix measured in the hospital ward as well as the newly introduced contact matrix of distributions (CMD). The simulated properties of epidemic spread, based ... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Results The dataset we use provides information on approximately 16,000 contact events, recorded during one week, among 119 individuals: 37 patients (31. 1% of the total number of individuals), 31 caregivers (26. 1%), 20 physicians (16. 8%), 21 nurses (17. 6%), and 10 ward assistants (8. 4%). Table 2 reports the cont... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Discussion We have introduced and validated in a case study a novel way of summarizing and using in simulation high-resolution contact data that describe the interactions between individuals in a structured population. We based our work on a high-resolution time-resolved dataset on the face-to-face contacts of individu... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | We then used the two representation to simulate the epidemic spread within the hospital community. Each representation was evaluated by comparing the final size of the epidemics, the impact of the seed role class, and the final attack rates in each role class against simulations based on the much richer network-based r... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | These results are somewhat different from the ones obtained in Ref (48) for the case of contacts at a conference. This difference might stem from various causes: first, conference attendees mix more than individuals in a hospital and the structure of the corresponding contact network is thus different from the hospit... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | It is clearly possible to consider intermediate temporal aggregation levels that include some information on the activity schedules, for instance at the daily scale. We have thus built daily contact networks, as well as daily contact matrices and daily contact matrices of distributions: these representations take into ... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Recent studies [48, 49, 51, 52, 53] have investigated models of epidemic spread on temporal networks and studied the role of the networks' temporal properties, sometimes with contrasting results, as discussed in Ref. [54]. The comparison is however difficult, because different datasets, different epidemic models, and... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | More systematic investigations on the interplay between the involved timescales, as well as studies using different epidemic models on the same datasets would be of strong interest for future research [54]. | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | A particularly interesting validation would be to extract a contact matrix of distributions from one set of data, e. g. in a hospital, to use it to design efficient containment strategies, and then to apply these strategies to a simulated epidemic on another dataset for a similar environment, for instance another hospi... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This work has been partially supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant n. 1M22 ) to CR, AET and CC, by the French ANR (contract no. ANR-12-MONU-0018 HARMSFLU ) to AB, and by the EU FET project Multiplex 317532 to AB and CC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and an... | 10.1186/1471-2334-13-185 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge support provided by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). | 10.1186/2048-7010-2-12 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Precession microscopy: pattern acquisition and identification For this rather new technique, sample preparation is the same as in standard TEM observations, although when seeking the best possible spatial resolution for orientation maps obtained on thin foils, a compromise between expected grain size and sample thickne... | 10.1111/jmi.12065 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Workshop Methodology Forty-three experts (pediatric and adult endocrinologists, clinical and basic geneticists, epidemiologists, a nutrition specialist, an orthopedic surgeon, a psychiatrist, health technology assessment specialists, a bioethicist, a health economist, and a patient advocate; see author list in Acknowle... | 10.1210/jc.2012-3888 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 5 y) (5, 49 -58) were included. Adult studies included RCTs of rhGH treatment for Ն 6 months (7, 29, 59, 60) and uncontrolled trials (61) (62) (63) (64) , because data were more limited. Safety data from pharmaceutical registries (phase 4 trials) 1 and sponsored clinical trials (phase 3) were reviewed. Data on d... | 10.1210/jc.2012-3888 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | B. Weight of evidence is in favor of usefulness or efficacy. C. Usefulness or efficacy is less well established by evidence or opinion. D. Evidence or general agreement that the procedure or treatment is not useful or effective and in some cases may be harmful. To each recommendation, a CEBM level of evidence score was... | 10.1210/jc.2012-3888 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The workshop participants thank the Foundation for Prader-Willi Research and the EVIDEM Collaboration , particularly Dr Mireille Goetghebeur (president of the nonprofit EVIDEM Collaboration) for her help in preparing the methodological approach to this clinical practice guideline and, along with Pat... | 10.1210/jc.2012-3888 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Perspectives In complex tracking situations (e. g. Z info missing, 3 bees overlapping), our GNN method reaches its limit. We are currently working to use a combined MHT-IMM tracking method to improve tracking results. This work is a preliminary for a behavioral analysis. Based on 3D trajectories collected, we will be a... | 10.5220/0004346300100019 | preprint | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Using slightly modified diffusivities for some sites, and neglecting samples for which the firn fractionation signals are strongest, a combined multisite inversion can be performed, which returns an isotope reconstruction that is consistent with firn data. However, the isotope trends are lower than what has been conclu... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Data The δ 13 C(CH 4 ) firn air results are separately presented for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) sites and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) sites in Fig. 1. At each location, δ 13 C(CH 4 ) shows a stable or slowly decreasing trend with depth in the upper firn and stronger isotope depletions in the bubble close-off zone (d... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2001 ), South Pole 1995 (SPO-95) and South Pole 2001 (SPO-01) (Sowers et al. , 2005). (1) Institute where the measurements used in this study were performed. ( 2 (Sowers et al. , 2005). The numbers associated with the names on the legend are the dates (year) of the firn sampling for each site. the NH sites, the ... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Single-site δ 13 C scenarios In order to investigate the consistency among the different sites, the inverse model is first applied to the isotope data from each site individually and single site δ 13 C(CH 4 ) atmospheric trends are shown in Fig. 2a and d. A regularization term is used to control the smoothness of the ... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Note that for the readability of the figure, the age spread is not represented in Fig. 6 , but that no discrete age exists for a given firn air sample. The lower panel shows that the data from DE08 and SPO-01 are near the lower envelope of the multi-site reconstruction, whereas the data from VOS are for a large part of... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 7a a comparison with five data points from EUROCORE (Sapart et al. , 2012) covering the period 1800-1950. Figure 7 shows that the direct measurements over the last decade (light grey lines) fall within the uncertainty envelopes of the δ 13 C(CH 4 ) reconstruction from the firn air samples. The Cape Grim archive da... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The dashed grey line in b) represents air--archive data from Cape Grim (Francey et al. , 1998) and the solid grey lines represent continuous atmospheric monitoring data from the NOAA--ESRL network. Note that the age spread of each data point is not presented here in order to keep the figure readable. comparison of th... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The red continuous lines are the "best--estimate" scenarios for each hemisphere with uncertainties (short dashed lines). The red long--dashed--line is the SH scenario shifted by 0. 5‰ a: NH raw δ 13 C(CH4) data (light blue dots) and δ 13 C(CH4) data corrected for firn fractionation from the EUROCORE ice core (Sapart e... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 4 (red stars). The grey lines represent continuous atmospheric monitoring data from the NOAA-ESRL network (NH and SH). were also calculated with the LGGE-GIPSA model using regular diffusivity (Fig. 7 : black stars) and "slightly modified diffusivity" as explained in Sect. 5. 3. (Fig. 7 : red stars). The corrected firn... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | This is expected since these samples contain air from a period when CH 4 mixing ratios in the atmosphere strongly increased. The same is true for the only available ice core data from the NH site EUROCORE (Fig. 7a ). However, here the δ 13 C(CH 4 ) data corrected for isotopic fractionation are rather at the high end of... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Additional model and measurement uncertainties As discussed above, the discrepancies between the different trend reconstructions may be due to calibration issues, uncertainties of the CH 4 scenario and/or insufficiently constrained diffusivity, but also to other features. A major drawback while working with multiple da... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | This exercise could not be carried out here, because most of the datasets presented were measured long ago and some systems have been dismounted. The available information about intercalibration is presented in Table S1. It has been discovered recently that Krypton (Kr) produces a strong interference for CH 4 isotope ... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 8 ± 0. 2 ‰ (Schmitt et al. , 2013). For the IMAU system, it was possible to correct for the Krinterference (Schmitt et al. , 2013). Using this correction, we carried out a δ 13 C(CH 4 ) reconstruction for the NM-EU-08, NM-09 and NGR datasets with Kr correction (Fig. 8 ). The temporal trend of the Kr-corrected scenari... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Conclusion and perspectives We reconstructed δ 13 C(CH 4 ) atmospheric scenarios over the last 50 yr for both northern and southern high latitudes using a firn transport model and taking as input δ 13 C(CH 4 ) firn air measurements from 10 firn sampling campaigns. Our calculations reveal discrepancies between sites and... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | At present, it is difficult to discriminate between different sources of uncertainty such as scale differences between laboratories, the recently discovered Krinterference affecting the δ 13 C(CH 4 ) trends, the representation of fractionation effects in the lock-in zone and the uncertainty of the 12 CH 4 scenario used... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. We thank the teams involved in the firn air sampling at NEEM site during the 2008 and 2009 field seasons. NEEM is directed and organized by the Centre of Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute and US NSF, Office of Polar Programs. It is supported by funding agencies and institutions in Belgium... | 10.5194/acp-13-6993-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The isolates were representative of the S. agalactiae population and belong to the main clonal lineages defined by MLST [13]. MLST was performed previously and data were not available for the 24 isolates from patients with infection of the respiratory tract [14]. Briefly, PCR was used to amplify fragments of about 50... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The arrays were processed in the PCS 4000 ProteinChip Reader (Bio-Rad) which was programmed in a positive ion mode and at ion acceleration potential of 20 kV. Spectra processing and statistics using ProteinChip Data Manager 3. 0. 7 software (Bio-Rad) After calibration and normalization of all spectra using the total io... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Database search and processing of results SEQUEST was used through a Bioworks 3. 1. 1 interface (ThermoFinnigan, San Jose, CA) to search a subset of the NCBI non-redundant database restricted to Streptococcus agalactiae entries. Peak lists were created using extract-msn (BioWorks 3. 3. 1 Thermo Scientific) with the def... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | EDM and candidate biomarker selection The protein patterns of 170 isolates of GBS and of three reference strains of the same taxon were obtained on two types of ProteinChip arrays, CM10 and Q10. The spectral data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis: univariate p-value tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis)... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | For all mass spectrometry experiments (SELDI and MALDI), the spectra were calibrated using a set of reference proteins of known mass. This resulted in only small differences, less than 0. 05%, in the masses observed for the target proteins, for example, the p7878 in all IEX, HPLC and 1D SDS-PAGE fractions displayed mas... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | agalactiae isolates only according to patterns of protein masses [33, 34]. By contrast, we determined protein abundance as being differently distributed among groups of isolates, and identified the primary sequences of some of these potential biomarkers. The predicted masses of the putative biomarkers are slightly hig... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | agalactiae isolates. According to the EMBL-EBI database (pfam05532), CsbD is a bacterial protein produced in response to general stress. Its expression in Bacillus subtilis is mediated by sigma-B [s(B)], an alternative sigma factor controlling the general stress regulon [35]. Sigma-B is activated in response to numero... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank Prof. Pierre Coutos-Thevenot ( University of Poitiers, France ) for access to HPLC facilities, Mr. Thierry Cochard ( INRA, Nouzilly, France ) for the help in BioNumerics analysis, and Prof. Carole Creuzenet ( Western University, London, Canada ) for reading critically the manuscript. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments VB is recipient of the ENP Graduate Program fellowship from École des Neurosciences de Paris Ile-de-France and the Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRSQ) doctoral award. The original research was supported by the MD Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NS... | 10.4161/rdis.26537 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The directed fishery for orange roughy to the west of Ireland and Britain started in the early 1990s in ICES Division VIa (Fig. 1 ), where it was rapidly depleted and the fishery ceased (ICES 2011). The a Corresponding author: leonie. dransfeld@marine. ie deepwater mixed fishery continued, however, on other target spe... | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | VMS analysis In EU waters, all fishing vessels >15 m are required to transmit their position and speed at least every 2 h via Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) by satellite (EC 2003). Spatial and temporal distributions of the French and Irish Deepwater fisheries in the part of ICES Subareas VI and VII that is within Ire... | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | French deepwater fisheries were identified by only selecting vessels with deepwater fishing licenses defined by the same regulation. In addition, positions of both data sets were only selected if they fell between the 800-2000 m contour lines. Exploratory survey data prior to the development of deepwater fishing sugges... | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Distribution of orange roughy Spatial catch information on orange roughy within the Irish EEZ was compiled from scientific observer programmes, scientific surveys and high resolution catch data based on VMS and Irish logbook analysis. Data from deepwater surveys included the orange roughy acoustic survey programme carr... | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | g. , if a vessel on a given date had 10 fishing positions and a daily retained catch of 200 kg of orange roughy, the assumed catch at each of the fishing positions would be 20 kg. Overall, 2340 catch records with positional and depth information were compiled, which included 502 records with orange roughy catches above... | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Productivity susceptibility analyses Two productivity susceptibility analyses (PSA) were carried out following methods described by Hobday et al. (2007 Hobday et al. ( , 2011) ) using a modified version of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) assessment worksheets. The first PSA was a multi-species comparison of spec... | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | In addition to their large body sizes and high longevity, their low reproductive potential increases their vulnerability still further (Clarke et al. 2003) , which was fully reflected in the multispecies PSA output. The susceptibility of orange roughy to current and historical fisheries was evaluated by carrying out a... | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. We would like to thank all scientists and skippers for their cooperation in the provision of survey and observer data. Francis Neat from Marine Scotland Science is thanked in particular. | 10.1051/alr/2013066 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Experimental Crystal data Supplementary data and figures for this paper are available from the IUCr electronic archives (Reference: FY2097). | 10.1107/s1600536813017054 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | Experimental Crystal data Data collection: CrystalClear-SM Expert (Rigaku, 2009) ; cell refinement: CrystalClear-SM Expert; data reduction: CrystalClear-SM Expert; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) and CRYSTALBUILDER (Wel... | 10.1107/s1600536813001281 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | We first provide a brief overview of collaborative creation and the different approaches that have been used to create language resources. We then provide details of Phrase Detectives and JeuxDeMots, followed by other notable efforts of GWAP for language resource creation. Next we discuss some key issues in using a gam... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | This approach, called crowdsourcing [31] , revolutionised the way traditional tasks could be completed and made new tasks possible that were previously inconceivable due to cost or labour limitations. One use for crowdsourcing can be as a way of getting large amounts of human work hours very cheaply as an alternative ... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Traditional, Entirely Validated Annotation In order to evaluate crowdsourcing approaches to language resource creation it is necessary to also consider more traditional approaches. When we talk about traditional annotation, we think of the methodology used, for example, to create the OntoNotes corpus 8 , containing m... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | JeuxDeMots JeuxDeMots (JDM) is a two player GWAP, launched in September 2007, that aims to build a large lexico-semantic network composed of terms (nodes) and typed relations (links between nodes) [42] -see Figure 4. It contains terms and possible refinements in the same spirit as WordNet [21] , although it is orga... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | A screenshot of the game is shown in Figure 5. The same term T, along with the same instructions, are later given to another player for whom the process is identical. To make the game more fun, the two players score points for words they both choose. Score calculation was designed to increase both precision and recall... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | For a target term T, common answers from both players are inserted into the database. Answers given by only one of the two players are not, thus reducing noise. The semantic network is therefore constructed by connecting terms by typed and weighted relations, validated by pairs of players. These relations are labelled ... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | database the players have added 110,000 new terms however these include spelling mistakes, plurals, feminine forms, numbers, dates and foreign words. In the interest of quality and consistency, it was decided that the validation process would involve anonymous players playing together. A relation is considered valid on... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Knowledge Acquisition 1001 Paraphrases [17] , one of the first GWAP whose aim was to collect corpora, was developed to collect training data for a machine translation system that needs to recognise paraphrase variants. In the game, players have to produce paraphrases of an expression shown at the top of the screen, su... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Generation A family of GWAP which have been used to collect data used in computational linguistics are the GIVE games developed in support of the GIVE-2 challenge for generating instructions in virtual environments, initiated in the Natural Language Generation community [40]. GIVE-2 is a treasure-hunt game in a 3D wor... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Data size and availability In JDM, more than 1,340,000 relations between terms have been collected, the sum of the weights being over 150,000,000. More than 150,000 terms have at least one outgoing relation, and more than 120,000 have at least one incoming relation. The current JDM database is available from the game w... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Game Interface and Task Design The game interface should be attractive enough to encourage players to start playing and easy enough to use so they keep playing. Before building a GWAP it is essential to have an understanding of game concepts, such as game flow and creating entertaining game scenarios. The design of the... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Indirect financial incentives can be a cost-effective way to increase participation in a game. It is common for the majority of the workload to be done by a minority of players. Motivating the right kind of players is a complex issue, central to the design of the game interface and the task, and is as important as attr... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We would like to thank Jean Heutte ( CREF-CNRS ) for his help with the concepts of game flow and for the comments of the reviewers of this chapter. The contribution of Karën Fort to this work was realized as part of the Quaero Programme 32 , funded by OSEO, French State agency for innovation. T... | 10.1007/978-3-642-35085-6_1 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Experimental Crystal data Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2010) ; cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008) ; program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) ; molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia... | 10.1107/s1600536813011781 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Computing details Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2010) ; cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2010) structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) ; molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and PLATON (Spek, 2009) ; software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 2012). wh... | 10.1107/s1600536813011781 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This is surprising because many treatments induced a heterogeneous phenotypic response across the cell population in each sample. Another simple method, which performs factor analysis on the cellular measurements before averaging them, provided substantial improvement and was able to predict MOA correctly for 94% of th... | 10.1177/1087057113503553 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | We extracted the core profiling methods-namely, the algorithms for constructing per-sample profiles from per-cell measurements-from the larger methodologies, applied them to a typical experiment, and compared their ability to classify compounds into MOA. Our test experiment uses a physiologically relevant p53-wildtype ... | 10.1177/1087057113503553 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
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