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cc-by | I V. C O S T B E N E F I T A N A L Y S I S We now use our estimated coefficients to provide a cost-benefit analysis of large and small dams. Unfortunately, we do not have explicit information on the costs of construction of the dams in our database. However, Alexander and van Wyk (2005) provide estimates of costs for... | 10.1093/wber/lht026 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The first author would like to thank the Département de Mathématiques de l'Université d'Angers (France) and the Geanpyl project of the Pays de Loire for their support and hospitality during the preparation of the final version of this work. The second author would like to thank the University of... | 10.1093/imrn/rnt246 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Raman micro-spectroscopy More precisely, 997 polymorphonuclears, 95 monocytes and 1127 lymphocytes from 12 different blood samples have been considered in the first part of this study, and a Raman spectrum has been acquired on each of them. In the second part, 4257 spectra have been registered on lymphocytes of 49 leuk... | 10.1186/1746-1596-8-s1-s32 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Conclusion IHMO project has demonstrated the power of Raman micro-spectroscopy coupled with supervised classification algorithm such as Support Vector Machines for cell classification and more precisely for the diagnosis of CLL. Morphological descriptors obtained from multi-Z and multispectral images provide another in... | 10.1186/1746-1596-8-s1-s32 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements • The French National Research Agency (ANR) for funding • Chih-Chung Chang and Chih-Jen Lin , LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines, 2001. Software available at http://www. csie. ntu. edu. tw/~cjlin/libsvm • Clinical staff of the university hospital of Reims • Rodolphe Dagiral and Valér... | 10.1186/1746-1596-8-s1-s32 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Electronically stored patient records from the departments of paediatric cardiology of the French national network for complex congenital heart diseases (M3C) are being searched to identify the children to be included. The minimum dataset will comprise: identification of the subject (file number in the centre or depart... | 10.1186/1471-2458-13-266 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data available for the cohort Electronically stored patient records from the departments of paediatric cardiology of tertiary hospitals in France are being searched to identify the children to be included. The minimum dataset will comprise: identification of the patient (file number in the centre or service, full name,... | 10.1186/1471-2458-13-266 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Up to age 15, follow-up of cancer incidence will be performed though cross linkage with the paediatric cancer registries (Registre des Tumeurs Solides de l'Enfant (RTSE) and Registre National des Hemopathies de l'Enfant (RNHE)), which since 1990 and 2000, respectively, have recorded all cases of childhood (i. e. , unde... | 10.1186/1471-2458-13-266 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Time plan Initial inclusion data collection began in October 2011 and will continue through 2013. Thus, as early as 2014, the statistical analysis will provide the first answers about characteristics of the paediatric population undergoing CCP in France, of doses from paediatric CCP, and on the incidence of cancers in ... | 10.1186/1471-2458-13-266 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Focusing our study on young children will also allow us to follow them in incidence data for at least 10 years, through the French paediatric cancer registries. Nevertheless, due to the medical context, this population of children is characterised by very good medical follow-up with regular medical visits. Specifically... | 10.1186/1471-2458-13-266 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Ongoing comparisons of the DEN E protein structure and cross-reaction analyses between laboratory strains and recent field isolates should yield helpful data to develop future recommendations. Regulatory authorities may also choose to specify other strains that might be used in assays measuring vaccine-induced immunity... | 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.50.20661 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals would like to thank Dr. John Roehrig , CDC Ft. Collins , for drafting this document and the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative that has made the production of this document possible. | 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.50.20661 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data collection Male participants with and without CHD were examined in the morning after an overnight fast. Patients with stable CHD (cases) were examined in the clinics of the Cardiology Department, Toulouse University Hospital and underwent a coronary angiography. Control subjects were examined in the same health ce... | 10.1194/jlr.p036335 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | For each quantitative variable, regression analyses were performed with polynomial models to look for possible nonlinear relationships with dependent variables. Lack of multicolinearity for IF1 and HDL-C or apoA-I was assessed by examining the variance infl ation factors in the fi nal models. Interactions between IF1 a... | 10.1194/jlr.p036335 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | 43 g/l for HDL-C, and 1. 37 g/l for apoA-I) to test the statistical interaction between IF1 and HDL-C or apoA-I. The Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square statistic was used to assess model fi t. The performance of the fi nal model was evaluated by analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC)... | 10.1194/jlr.p036335 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | The future NFS installation will produce high intensity neutron beams from hundreds of keV up to 40 MeV. Taking advantage of this facility, data of particular interest for the nuclear community in view of the development of the fast reactor technology will be measured. The development of an experimental setup called FA... | 10.1051/epjconf/20136205005 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Introduction The advent of the Neutrons For Science (NFS) facility at Caen (France) in 2015 will allow exploring the underexploited fast energy domain in order to provide data for fundamental physics and nuclear technology. On one hand, a lot of information is needed for the development of physics models to reach a com... | 10.1051/epjconf/20136205005 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Furthermore, scientists challenged this designation of ionized water as inappropriate and being what drinking water is naturally, but without interference. For those reasons, in 1993 the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare requested the Association of Alkaline Ionized Water Apparatus to provide scientific data guara... | 10.3390/w5042094 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | A direct relationship between the presence of bacterial persister cells and the recalcitrant nature of chronic infections has been proposed [16]. The c-di-GMP metabolism in P. aeruginosa is highly complex: 42 genes containing putative diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and/or phosphodiesterase are present [17]. It has been ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | e. magnesium or manganese). To verify whether c-di-GMP could in any way hamper or negatively affect substrate binding to YfiN HAMP-GGDEF , the GTP binding experiment was also repeated in the presence of an excess of product: no influence of c-di-GMP on the binding affinity of the substrate was observed (Figure S2 and... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Likewise, Wood and coworkers have shown that in vitro feedback inhibition for fulllength YfiN is observed only at c-di-GMP concentration higher than 200 μM [18]. Thus, the YfiBNR signaling system appears to be an ON/OFF switch, with the output of the module (i. e. c-di-GMP production) responding only to external stres... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 31 Å); XCC4471 from X. campestris [31] (light purple -PDB: 3qyy -rmsd: 1. 64 Å) and A1U3W3 from M. aquaeolei [32] (dark purple -PDB: 3ign -rmsd: 1. 34 Å). The first row shows the homo-domain cross-linking (GGDEF/GGDEF), while the second shows the hetero-domain cross-linking (within the same chain) of inhibited PleD... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Starting from top left, the reported structure are: PleD (PDB: 2v0n [28] ); WspR (PDB: 3bre [30] ); A1U3W3 (PDB: 3ign [32] ); PleD (PDB: 1w25 [27] ); PelD (PDB: 4dn0 ) [33]. and PP4397 (PDB: 3kyf [34] ). B) Comparison of the I-site of YfiN and (PDB: 2v0n [28] ). The two subunits of a hypothetical inhibited dimer... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Homology modeling of full-length YfiN To gain insights into the mechanism of allosteric regulation of YfiN and how modifications affecting the periplasmic domain are transmitted into the cytoplasm, homology modeling of the full-length dimeric protein was attempted. Figure 5 shows the predicted domain organization of ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | fluorescens adopts a novel fold, consisting of a V-shaped, domain-swapped dimer (PDB Code: 3pjv [24] ) that shows only weak structural similarity to the PAS fold (RMSD ~2. 5 Å), prompted us to investigate further this issue by resubmitting the N-terminal region of YfiN to HHPRED and another fold prediction method, Phy... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | As in LapD, the N-and C-terminal helices of the LapD-like domains presumably connect directly to the transmembrane helices (TM2) and the HAMP domains. To model the later domain (residues 182-246) we used as structural template the HAMP domain of the aerotaxis transducer AER2 (PDB Code: 4I3M [39] ), while transmembrane... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Therefore, we can speculate that the periplasmic domain of YfiN may not only play a regulatory role, but would also be essential to maintain the enzyme in a dimeric state, allowing the HAMP domains to form a stable four-helices bundle, thus keeping the two GGDEF domains in close proximity. The linker region between the... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | e. with the two active sites facing each other). Therefore a severe rearrangement of the linker region (unlocking) must be assumed in order for catalysis to occur. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0081324. g007 protein concentration of 2 mg/mL in 250 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8. 0, 10% glycerol. Radial absorbance scans we... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Crystallization -data collection and refinement Crystallization condition for YfiN HAMP-GGDEF were screened using a crystallization robot (Phoenix, Art Robbins), by mixing 300 nL of 3. 7 mg/mL protein solution in 0. 1 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris pH 8 and 2 % glycerol with equal volumes of screen solution. No positive hit was ob... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 87 Å; c=107. 62 Å. The Matthews coefficient for YfiN HAMP-GGDEF was 1. 38 Å 3 Da -1 with a solvent fraction of 0. 11, pointing to the assumption that only the GGDEF domain (YfiN GGDEF ) was present in the crystal lattice (Matthews coefficient for YfiN GGDEF was 1. 93 Å 3 Da -1 with a solvent fraction of 0. 36). Phases ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Homology modeling and in silico analysis The YfiN protein sequence from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was retrieved from the Uniprot database (http:// www. uniprot. org; accession number: Q9I4L5). UniRef50 was used to find sequences closely related to YfiN from the Uniprot database. 123 orthologous sequences displaying a mini... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | ebi. ac. uk/clustalw). Secondary structure predictions were performed using several tools available, including DSC [54] and PHD [55] , accessed through NPSA at PBIL (http://npsa-pbil. ibcp. fr/), and Psi-Pred (http://bioinf. cs. ucl. ac. uk/psipred [56] ). A consensus of the predicted secondary structures was then ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | All the programs options were kept at default. A three-dimensional model of YfiN (residues 11-253) was constructed using the MODELLER-8 package [57] , using as structural templates the following crystal structures: the Nterminal domain of the HAMP/GGDEF/EAL protein LapD from P. fluorescens (residues 35-161; PDB Code: ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The structural templates were oriented as follows: 1) GGDEF domain of YfiN (residues 254-414) was initially superposed to the GGDEF domain of WspR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PDB Code: 3i5c) to predict the structure and orientation of the linker region (residues 247-253 of YfiN, corresponding to residues 170-176 of 3i... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Starting from top left, the reported structure are: PleD (PDB: 2v0n [28] ); WspR (PDB: 3bre [30] ); A1U3W3 (PDB: 3ign [32] ); PleD (PDB: 1w25 [27] ); PelD (PDB: 4dn0 ) [33]. and PP4397 (PDB: 3kyf [34] ). B) Comparison of the I-site of YfiN and (PDB: 2v0n [28] ). The two subunits of a hypothetical inhibited dimer of Yfi... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and we would like to thank the staff members for assistance in using beamline ID-14. 1. The authors would like to acknowledge Daniela Verzili and Carlotta Zamparelli for AUC measurement an... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Ministero della Università e Ricerca of Italy [ RBRN07BMCT and 20094BJ9R7 to FC, RBFR10LHD1 to SR]; Sapienza University of Rome to FC and AP; Fondazione Italiana Fibrosi Cistica [13/2009-with the contribution of Delegazione Novara and Delegazione Cosenza2 to FC]. VS acknowledges a Post-doctoral fellowship... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Starting from top left, the reported structure are: PleD (PDB: 2v0n [28] ); WspR (PDB: 3bre [30] ); A1U3W3 (PDB: 3ign [32] ); PleD (PDB: 1w25 [27] ); PelD (PDB: 4dn0 ) [33]. and PP4397 (PDB: 3kyf [34] ). B) Comparison of the I-site of YfiN and (PDB: 2v0n [28] ). The two subunits of a hypothetical inhibited dimer of Yfi... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081324 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We would like to thank Gonzalo Parra , Abhishek Pratap , Geoff Macintyre , and Thomas Abeel for their helpful comments on this paper and Stephanie Holt for assisting in the preparation of the manuscript. | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003305 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | vivax reference genome [10]. Whole genome sequencing data also provide an opportunity to circumvent these shortcomings. Instead of directly mapping massively parallel sequencing reads onto a reference genome sequence, one can de novo assemble them into long contiguous DNA sequences or ''contigs'' [11]. These contigs ... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | De novo genome assembly of a Plasmodium vivax field isolate We selected a Cambodian P. vivax field isolate previously sequenced in our laboratory [6] to perform de novo assembly of large genomic regions. De novo assemblies are complicated when high levels of heterozygosity are present in the sequencing dataset. While... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | vivax reference genome sequence would be discarded by this procedure (2,220 DNA sequences of 100 bp can be mapped on the human genome out of 22,577,222 possible sequences). We then applied an error-correction algorithm to the filtered dataset and de novo assembled the short reads into large contiguous DNA sequences (co... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Telomeric regions are typically difficult to assemble into a final genome sequence as they contain low complexity-and repeated DNA sequences. To test whether the unmapped contigs may have been originally sequenced from the Salvador I strain but had not been successfully assembled in the published genome sequence, we co... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Identification of two novel P. vivax invasion protein genes We identified two contigs without homologous DNA sequences in the Salvador I reference genome that contained predicted genes similar to P. cynomolgi invasion protein genes (Table 2 ). A 31 kb contig (Figure 3A ) contained 10 predicted protein coding genes in... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Mapping of C127 contigs to the Salvador I reference genome and identification of novel DNA sequences To identify P. vivax DNA sequences missing from the Salvador I genome [8] , we mapped all contigs to the reference genome sequence using Lastz, allowing for up to 10% DNA sequence divergence. We then screened for conti... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Gene predictions For all contigs with more than 5 kb of contiguous DNA sequence that did not map to the Salvador I reference genome, we searched for putative protein coding gene sequences using the SNAP gene prediction algorithm [13]. We used the NCBI gene annotations of the P. vivax Salvador I genome as the training ... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | vir gene analysis To optimize gene predictions for the members of the vir multigene family, we re-ran the SNAP algorithm on all de novo assembled contigs but using only vir genes annotated from the Salvador I reference as a training set. We translated the predicted genes into proteins and used blastp against the NCBI n... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Montpetit and the sequencing group of the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center for their help with HiSeq sequencing. The raw sequence data generated for this study are accessible through SRA (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sra/):SRP0157575 (P. vivax) and SRR826495 (P. simio... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | This work was funded by a Cleveland CTSC Pilot award and a NIAID award ( R01 AI103228 ) to DS and a NIAID award ( R21 AI093922 ) to PAZ. DM was supported by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs during this work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or pre... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002569 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data sampling and data analysis The data set for this study was obtained from the race website http://www. fina. org. This database records every result of any FINA swimming competition held worldwide. Results were available from 10 km swimming events like FINA World Cups, World Championships, European Championships an... | 10.1186/2193-1801-2-603 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | As independent variable the 'relative event date' was used. To find differences between two groups, a Student's t-test was used in case of normal distributed data (with Welch's correction in case of unequal variances) and a Mann-Whitney test was used in case of not normal distributed data. Multiple groups were tested f... | 10.1186/2193-1801-2-603 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Finishers In total, data were available from 1,171 women and 1,548 men finishing at the FINA World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games. From the FINA Swimming World Cup a total of eight races had to be excluded from analyses due to too small numbers of finishers for statistical anal... | 10.1186/2193-1801-2-603 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The detailed flux calculations are described elsewhere [9]. Neutrino Interaction Simulations and Cross Section Parameters-Neutrino interactions in the ND280 and SK detectors are simulated with the NEUT Monte Carlo generator [22]. External data, primarily from the Mini-BooNE experiment [23] , are used to tune some NE... | 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211803 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The CC inclusive sample is further subdivided into two samples called CCQE and CCnQE. The CCQE sample is optimized to select charged current quasi-elastic events and the CCnQE sample contains the remaining events. This separation is made to improve constraints on the neutrino flux and cross section parameters. The CCQE... | 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211803 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | This ND280 fit also estimates the SK flux parameters, which are constrained through their prior covariance with the ND280 flux parameters as calculated by the beam simulation described earlier. The absolute track momentum scale, pion secondary interactions, and background uncertainties are the largest detector systemat... | 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211803 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The SK energy scale uncertainty is evaluated by comparing energy loss in data and MC for samples of cosmic-ray stopping muons and associated decay-electrons, as well as by comparing reconstructed invariant mass for data and MC for π 0 s produced by atmospheric neutrinos. The other seven SK event-selection-related uncer... | 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211803 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | and |∆m 2 32 | = 2. 44×10 -3 eV 2 /c 4. The primary and alternative analyses are consistent; the binned maximum fractional difference between best-fit spectra is 1. 8%, and the confidence regions are almost identical. A complementary analysis was performed, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo [2] methods to produce a samp... | 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211803 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The contours from this analysis are similar in shape and size to the two previously described analyses, but are not expected to be identical due to the difference between Bayesian and classical intervals. This analysis also has similar results to the ND280 data fit described previously and provides a cross check. Concl... | 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211803 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | the support of MEXT, Japan ; NSERC , NRC and CFI , Canada ; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 , France; DFG, Germany ; INFN, Italy; Ministry of Science and Higher Education , Poland; RAS, RFBR and MES, Russia ; MEST and NRF , South Korea; MICINN and CPAN, Spain; SNSF and SER , Switzerland; STFC, U. K. ; and DOE, ... | 10.1103/physrevlett.111.211803 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | grant M100101219 and the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche ( ANR , grant ANR-11-BSV5-014 02 ). Substrate Patterning was carried out at the Plateforme Technologique Amont (PTA-Grenoble ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscr... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0070416 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | However, this approach is not suitable for measuring the His misincorporation into the whole proteome. His misincorporation measurement in suppressed cells. In our selection model, His misincorporation at H30W codon is necessary for cell growth but it can occur at each Trp codon of cellular proteins. To measure and com... | 10.1038/srep01359 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 1% TFA). Aliquots of 0. 5 ml of a 10/1 mixture of matrix and digest solutions were spotted on a sample plate, allowed to dry in air and then inserted into the mass spectrometer (''dried droplet method''). MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS analyses were performed using a 4800 MALDI-TOF/TOF Analyser mass spectrometer ... | 10.1038/srep01359 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The most ions with the most intense signals (up to six, depending on signal intensity) were sequentially isolated for fragmentation in the linear ion trap using CID at a target value of 100,000 charges. The resulting fragments were recorded in the linear trap. Proteins were identified by high accuracy MS and MSMS Data ... | 10.1038/srep01359 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank the sequencing department of Genoscope. We also thank Susan Cure , Valerie de Crecy-Lagard and Bruno Sargueil for improving the manuscript and Lan N'guyen and Isabelle Boko for technical assistance. | 10.1038/srep01359 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The combined samples yield a mean density of identified quasars of 15 deg -2 with a maximum of 20 deg -2 , mostly in zones where photometric variability, UV, and/or NIR data are available. The combined BONUS plus CORE sample can be used for Lyα BAO studies, which require the highest possible quasar density in a broad s... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220724 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | In particular we used the sub-sampling technique described below. We also tried a bootstrap technique (e. g. Efron & Gong, 1983 ) consisting of substituting the entire set of N subdivisions of the data by N of these subdivisions chosen at random (with replacement) to obtain a "bootstrap" sample. The covariances are the... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220724 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The two ways of dividing the data lead to similar covariance matrices. Each sector s in each division of the data provides a measurement of ξ s (r, µ) that can be used to derive a monopole and quadrupole, ξ ℓs (r), (ℓ = 0, 2). The covariance of the whole BOSS sample can then be estimated from the weighted and rescaled ... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220724 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | 17 ± 0. 05 , (29) clearly indicating deceleration between z = 2. 3 and z = 0. 5. This measurement is in good agreement with the fiducial value of 1. 146. We emphasize that this result is independent of r s , assuming only that the BAO-peak position is redshift-independent in comoving coordinates. The result also does n... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220724 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Conclusions In this paper, we have presented the first observation of the BAO peak using the Lyα forest. It represents both the first BAO detection deep in the matter dominated epoch and the first to use a tracer of mass that is not galactic. The results are consistent with concordance ΛCDM, and require, by themselves,... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220724 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The flux field was constructed by generating Gaussian random fields g with an appropriately chosen power spectrum (Font-Ribera et al. , 2012a) to which the log-normal transformation F = exp(-ae υg ) is applied (Coles & Jones, 1991; Bi et al. , 1992; Gnedin & Hui, 1996). Here a and υ are free parameters chosen to rep... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220724 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. We thank Carlos Allende Prieto , Ashley Ross and Uros Seljak for stimulating discussions and Adam Riess for providing the data points of Riess et al. (2007) in figure 21. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation , the Participating Institutions, the National Sc... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220724 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Second, larger cells may be required to diagnose the presence of ecosystems characterized by processes that operate over large spatial scales, or diagnostic features that are sparse, cryptic, clustered or mobile (e. g. pelagic or artesian systems). Last, larger cells allow AOO estimation even when high resolution data ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0062111 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Sample Ecosystems Twenty ecosystems were selected for assessment based on the authors' areas of expertise, spanning five continents and three ocean basins (full details of assessments in Appendix S2). Although non-random, the selection encompassed terrestrial, subterranean, continental aquatic and marine aquatic enviro... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0062111 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Estimates of current change in distribution were derived from time series of maps or imagery, almost all of which required reasoned assumptions to justify interpolation or extrapolation to the required 50-year time frame. Historical changes in distribution were most commonly inferred by comparing a contemporary map wit... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0062111 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Eleven of the case studies used explicit process models to guide selection of functional variables for assessment of criteria C and D. Only one of these models was quantitative, permitting simulations to estimate risks of collapse under criterion E, although data appear sufficient to support construction of such models... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0062111 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments Participants of six international workshops hosted by the Zoological Society of London (UK) , NatureServe (Washington DC, USA) , the Smithsonian Institution (Washington DC, USA) , Tour du Valat (Arles, France) , the Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (Melbourne, Australia) and Centr... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0062111 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The spot size was about 180 μm in diameter and a pressure of 10 -7 Pa was maintained in the chamber during analysis. The full spectra (0-1350 eV) were obtained with constant pass energy of 150 eV and high resolution spectra with constant pass energy of 40 eV. High resolution XPS spectra were fitted and quantified using... | 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.07.053 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | In fact, the size of these rectangular blocks decreased with decreasing film thickness for BCOSTO. Figure 4 (b) depicts the AFM image for a BCONGO film (d ~ 160 nm), whose surface morphological features differed much from that of BCOSTO films, since it revealed a dense and grainy characteristics. This is probably due ... | 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.07.053 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | We point out that although the HAADF parameters were set to reach Z-contrast, contributions from the B-site (Cr) ions were not evident, possibly due to the large difference in atomic numbers of Cr and Bi and also the large thickness of the BCOSTO film. However, its corresponding FFT pattern (inset) revealed 45° oriente... | 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.07.053 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Moreover, this will explain why no structural changes are observed in our HAADF images. Changes in microstructure with respect to the layer thickness were observed for BCOSTO film thicknesses varying from 10 to 130 nm (Fig. 11 ). Here we show the TEM data only for the 85 and 25 nm thick BCOSTO films [Figs. 11(a ) and 1... | 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.07.053 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Acknowledgement This work was supported by the CNRS-MPG joint fellowship programme on nanoscience. V. K. would like to thank Dr. R. Ranjith and Dr. Wei Peng for the scientific discussions. The authors also acknowledge Mr. Schammelt for PLD lab maintenance , Mareike Herrmann for TEM sample preparations and Dr... | 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.07.053 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | The period July 2005-June 2006 Based on satellite information (the monthly SST composite of MODIS Aqua 9 km, disc. sci. gsfc. nasa. gov/giovanni), the SURATLANT data set (NO - 3 and DIC) and Eq. ( 6 ), we built the climatological seasonal cycle of SST, NO - 3 , DIC and δ 13 C DIC for 2005-2006 (Fig. 5 ). Because DIC c... | 10.5194/bgd-10-14515-2013 | preprint | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. This study has been supported by EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE ( 264879 ) and by CNRS/INSU in France (O. R. E. SSS and OCEANS-C13 projects). We thank the EIMSKIP Company , the captains and crews of the M/V Skogafoss and the M/V Reykjafoss , all the very helpful embarked observers for the 13 C... | 10.5194/bgd-10-14515-2013 | preprint | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | However, virus samples are usually collected from a particular tissue from within an individual-for example from fluid or epithelium from vesicles on a single foot, from vesicles in/ around the mouth or from oesophageal-pharyngeal scrapings (known as probang samples), and it is evident that these different populations ... | 10.1098/rstb.2012.0203 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | (d) Animal For the animal scale, we use the consensus sequences generated from samples taken at various points during the infection of a single animal, specifically animal number two in [26] ; data available from the EBI SRA repository (http://www. ebi. ac. uk/ena/) accession number ERP001880 from 1 May 2013. Briefly,... | 10.1098/rstb.2012.0203 | review | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | (e) Herd For the herd scale, we use and compare sequence data from two types of dataset. First, serial cow-to-cow infection chains from controlled experiments from [38] where the consensus sequences from viral samples were generated using Sanger sequencing for each animal in two independent cow-to-cow infection chain... | 10.1098/rstb.2012.0203 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | In this case, the consensus sequence of the animal itself contains only a single mutation from the original inoculum at genome position 2754. All the individual samples from this animal contain the 2754 mutation and are between 0 and 3 mutations away from the animal-level consensus. Therefore, as this mutation is share... | 10.1098/rstb.2012.0203 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | (c) Herd At the herd scale we compare two types of data: (i) serial cow-to-cow infection chains from controlled experiments and (ii) serial herd-to-herd infection chains from real FMD epidemics in the UK. Experimentally manipulated serial cow-to-cow infection chains are not herds because, although they are a set of ani... | 10.1098/rstb.2012.0203 | review | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | We see little difference between rates of substitution generated over cow-to-cow and herd-to-herd transmission events, in terms of number of nucleotide changes between units or substitution rates; however, we note the small number of datasets limits the statistical power of this inference. This could be a product of he... | 10.1098/rstb.2012.0203 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Lythgoe & Fraser [45] concluded that there is preferential transmission of ancestral virus through the cycling of virus through very long-lived memory CD4 þ T cells, a process they termed 'store and retrieve'. Although we observe higher evolutionary rates between hosts compared with within hosts for FMDV, there are n... | 10.1098/rstb.2012.0203 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | The experimental precision on the measured M W is therefore currently the limiting factor on the constraints. The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider reported several direct measurements of the natural width [7] and mass [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] of ... | 10.1103/physrevd.88.052018 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | B. D0 Measurement The D0 (2012) measurement uses data corresponding to 4. 3 fb -1 of integrated luminosity recorded between 2006 and 2009. D0 calibrates the calorimeter energy scale using Z → ee decays. Corrections for energy lost in un-instrumented regions are based on a comparison between the shower-development profi... | 10.1103/physrevd.88.052018 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | When nonmagnetic barrels were used with the APC, core orientation with the FlexIt tool would be measured for each cored section. If depth objectives could not be achieved with APC/XCB coring, the rotary core barrel (RCB) would be deployed. The downhole logging program of Expedition 340 was designed to complement the co... | 10.2204/iodp.proc.340.101.2013 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | g. , U content in hemipelagic sediment is higher than that found in volcanic products). Single bioclastic and volcaniclastic turbiditic units throughout both holes can be traced by their uphole monotonically decreasing values in magnetic susceptibility, P-wave velocity, and density, mimicking their grading in grain siz... | 10.2204/iodp.proc.340.101.2013 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Geochemistry In addition to studies done on retrieved sediment, pore water samples obtained from hemipelagic sediment were also analyzed. Pore water samples from turbiditic units were generally not obtained because it is not possible to collect meaningful pore water data from such highly permeable material. Pore water ... | 10.2204/iodp.proc.340.101.2013 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Geochemistry In addition to studies done on the retrieved sediment, headspace gas samples and pore water samples obtained from hemipelagic sediment were also analyzed. Pore water samples from turbiditic units were generally not obtained because it is not possible to collect meaningful pore water data from such permeabl... | 10.2204/iodp.proc.340.101.2013 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Paleomagnetism The magnetostratigraphic record obtained from the material cored at Site U1396 is in excellent accordance with biostratigraphic observations. The FlexIt orientation tool was deployed with all cores from Holes U1396B and U1396C and 12 of the 15 cores from Hole U1396A. Declination can therefore be correcte... | 10.2204/iodp.proc.340.101.2013 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Site U1397 Background and objectives IODP Site U1397 (proposed Site CARI-10B; 14°54. 41′N, 61°25. 35′W; 2482 mbsl) is located west of Martinique (Fig. F11 ; Table T1 ). The bathymetric survey for Site U1397 revealed a region with a topographic high bound by large canyons. Site survey seismic data indicated that this s... | 10.2204/iodp.proc.340.101.2013 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Paleomagnetism Generally, the retrieval of a magnetostratigraphic record for this site was as complicated as the retrieval of a biostratigraphic record because of the nature of the cored material and recovery. Using the detailed core description logs, only data measured on identifiable hemipelagic sediment layers were ... | 10.2204/iodp.proc.340.101.2013 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Structural/functional relatedness -lessons from protein engineering Proteins with conserved sequence motifs and/or structural features are often grouped into protein families, which can provide important information about the possible biochemical role of a given protein (Buljan & Bateman, 2009; Ganfornina & Sanchez, 1... | 10.3109/10408444.2013.842956 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
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