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cdfb08fb-4e07-4c0e-9151-7aa390c966cd | AC 4366 ST MATTHEW BETHNAL GREEN BET 71 REPORT [1855] TO THE VESTRY OF St.Matthew Bethnal Green, ON THE SANITARY STATE OF THE PARISH, BY SAMUEL PEARCE, MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH. PRINTED BY ORDER OF VESTRY, 1857. 38726 TO JOHN SIMON, Esq. F.R.S. MEDICAL OFFICER OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH; WHOSE NOBLE EXERTIONS IN SANITARY ... |
896b52ab-88b1-489e-b777-4afb8a314580 | "As the Wolf has been extirpated from our forests, so may Pestilence be driven away from our towns." Gentlemen, In accordance with my duties as your first Officer of Health, I have the honour to present to you, a Report on the Parish of Bethnal Green. I have framed it throughout on the subjoined Instructions* of the Ge... |
57693984-4aed-43ab-8e32-76a70565ebcf | Such was "the former geography" * "The duties of the Officer of Health will be to the following effect:— "He will make himself familiar with the natural and acquired features of the place, with the social and previous sanitary state of its population, and with all its existing provisions for health—namely, with the lev... |
5732b4ca-ecee-4465-9a6c-445eddab2e11 | And if he be the first Officer of Health appointed in his district he will, without unnecessary delay, furnish to the Local Authority a connected account of these matters so far as they relate to the public health, making thereon such practical suggestions as he may think applicable." 4 of the old Hare Street Fields, a... |
0145f8a7-aec2-4c33-974c-87ab07841e88 | Bethnal Green forms a part of the eastern metropolitan boundary, and has a superficial area of 760 statute acres; whilst "the London" of the Registrar-General numbers 78,029. Its Registration divisions are Four: Hackney Road, Green, Church, and Town. Of these, the areas and elevations are given below:— Acquired Feature... |
afebdbcb-4ce9-4045-839a-d7a9bb67828d | Andrew 1591 29 10272 4977 5295 St. Bartholomew 1472 49 10016 4957 5059 St. James the Great 750 15 1 4503 2168 2335 St. James the Less 368 21 14 2357 1147 1210 St. John 1090 47 61 7696 3591 4105 St. Jude 1686 68 15 10396 5025 5371 St. Matthias 1078 28 4 8696 4379 4317 St. Peter 900 31 11 5115 2432 2683 St. Philip 1336 3... |
b7c9f8bd-0260-4015-951f-54872e71d0b3 | Thomas 1198 31 10 7563 3697 3866 Totals 13298 394 127 90193 44081 46112 Altogether there were, at the Census, 13,819 houses, or 18.1 to the acre, and the number of Inhabitants was 6 to each house. Population. In 1801 the population amounted to 22,310; in 1811, to to 33,619; in 1821, to 45,676; in 1831, to 62,018; and f... |
ee70f2b3-9ac8-4bb3-9708-33ab8d9267a9 | Excess of Births over Deaths. Census Returns. Immigration Increase. Hackney Road 20031 23910 19.36 3305 3848 543 Green 16766 23555 40.49 719 6763 6044 Church 17293 21787 25.98 3338 4468 1130 Town 19998 20941 4.71 3335 912 * This Table will hereafter be useful in comparing the salubrity of the several parts, † Ninth Ann... |
d396c13b-4ab8-4830-9421-a88121e17743 | For the entire Parish, the decennial increase was 2173* per 100 per annum; which ratio brings us up from 90,193,† to 100,000 in 1856. And as the people of the Metropolis number 2,565,579, it follows that one out of every 25'6 of the Great London Family lives at Bethnal Green. Social and Sanitary state of the Population... |
8dadb514-a84a-4b42-84bf-109e04ee61d3 | So, too, are the sites of its original ponds. Fortunately—in so far as the fenny soil is concerned—the Imperial Gas Company have taken much of that ground, which they are extensively improving and draining. Along Ann's Place runs a black arched-over ditch;‡—to this day, I believe, a fertile source of disease. Generally... |
20f2f8d0-a4ba-42d6-84a6-77020c55d16b | I have consequently calculated the rate prevailing in 1841-51, and the subsequent increase therefrom. † Males, 44,081; Females, 46,112—or 20,547 Families or Occupiers. ‡ This was open in 1849, and "near to its edge," in Shoreditch, "many deaths occurred from Cholera."—Notes on Cholera, p. 193. 7 floors." On the west si... |
8a6f129e-288f-4174-8b89-bbba068efda8 | Jude, and a large open space (late an old market-garden) capable of affording much more houseroom. In the central part, are the several free spaces of Camden and other Gardens, which,—though open to objection, in their present unpaved condition—might by judicious alteration, furnish the staple want of the parish—Model ... |
e473806d-7c92-477a-bb82-8e9f72b52bf6 | They illustrate how much each one may do, and forcibly urge us to "go and do likewise." To the south of the railroad is the third subdivision;—the far-famed Lamb Fields, or "St. Giles" of Bethnal Green: now teeming with life, and, perhaps retaining, in its oft-described soil—germs of future disease! Much hazard however... |
2af78b19-c5c5-4283-84d4-c02a256089de | The Bethnal Green portions of the Jews' Burial Grounds are in this sub-division. On the opposite side, the neighbourhood is very poor and bad, and is noted for Fever. Equally notorious is the Irish Colony of Elizabeth Place, or Devil's Alley near Mile End Gate. In that close parallelogram bounded before and behind by h... |
7b9b5d4d-8e5f-4f27-8bbc-783aede8edae | The latter, usually do not exceed two rooms in height, which fortunately, lessens the intensity of the emanations, and diffuses them more readily into space. "All the neighbourhood," says Mr. Welch, "north of Church Street, Friar's Mount, and its pestilential blind alleys, all the streets bordering on Gibraltar Walk on... |
a95dbdf3-dec3-4677-af29-d23ecb3a76e0 | Here too, "on the 12th, 13th, & 14th of August, Surgeons were wanted in many places at once, and the hurried passing and repassing of messengers, and the wailing of relatives filled the streets with confusion and woe." And here, still, on a low 9 open space, are daily piled enormous mounds of London refuse; "to the sig... |
5ea06b6c-26e5-49b7-884f-71b3b193dbcf | In the Eastern Division, there were, in 1855, 37 persons living; and in the Northern, 44 to every death; and "the rate of mortality varied from 23 in 1000, in the Western and Northern Divisions; to 25 in 1000 in the Eastern Division." Last year we lost 2143 persons, of whom, 284 died in the Workhouse, and 57 in Bethnal... |
cb9e84b4-de13-436b-bdfb-a73469f6d967 | Scarlatina. Hooping Cough. Diarrhœa. Typhus. Total of Epidemics. Percentage of Epidemic to Total Deaths. Hackney Road 10 12 23 21 10 26 102 Green 5 37 16 40 20 40 158 22.16 Church 6 18 15 20 22 21 102 Town 10 12 42 20 18 11 113 Totals 31 79 96 101 70 98 475 2216 * Excepting the Southern Division in Cholera years. (Regi... |
33983266-453a-4aed-8f31-ca0ad56b27be | 10 Out of every 69 deaths, one person died of Small Pox, one in 27 of Measles, one in 22 of Scarlatina, one in 21 of Hooping Cough, one in 30 of Diarrhœa, and one in 21 of Typhus. In the Metropolis, generally, the per-centage, of the Epidemic to the total deaths was 18.36. The deaths in the SubDistrict Green, are swell... |
77e30f15-b4b3-4ccb-afe1-de9efe4a789a | * The difference of these proportions is expressed by the numbers .895 and 1.000. Inclinations. Bethnal Green uprises, with slight undulations, from the South to the North, from the East to the West: the minimum elevation being 35.8 in the South; the maximum 59.8 in the North. In the East, the ascent is from 39'4 in Ol... |
b66e43fd-7082-40c0-8553-4621cc11b32c | Such instances occur behind the high road, in Hill Street, Crab Tree Row, Mount Street, &c. Soil. In our Geology, according to Myine's Topographical Map *See Table VII. 11 of London, the soil is formed of gravel and sand, excepting a small patch in the south eastern division of brick-earth loam. Where there are sewers ... |
2f6c714f-a92d-4fd4-87c1-34053c181bff | Most of the superficial ones are fraught with impurities derived in this way, and are, "practically, reservoirs into which all soluble surface nuisances drain." Some, however, do good by relieving the sodden subsoil; as, for instance, the well in the slaughter houses of Messrs. Stevens and Long, where, nearly a hundred... |
63f01c2f-9ca5-44fd-a641-3402f3771fb6 | On our meteorological history—beyond the influence of the low day and high night temperatures, and the less daily range which Mr. Glaisher tells us, distinguish the London from a country climate; coupled with the fact that the emanations, from the undrained places render our air less salubrious—I regret that I possess ... |
51ef005b-4a14-4add-9912-3aaf8bd7e9b7 | 34.9 29.4 37.9 45.8 48.8 56.9 62.1 62.1 57.1 51.2 41.3 35.6 Deaths in London. 6049 6229 7349 4792 4698 5507 3818 4054 5170 3651 3953 6236 Deaths in Bethnal Green. 245 192 262 144 143 179 160 162 175 119 136 226 TABLE VII. Comprising the Summary of the Weather and Deaths in 1855. METEOROLOGY. DEATHS. Mean Temperature of... |
b6ba161c-4d88-436f-94ac-c490eabd45d9 | 46.9 5.3 90 21.1 29.780 61506 2.39 or one in 41 2143 2.14 or one in 46 Our proportion of deaths in each Quarter was 699, 466, 497, and 481. 13 Distribution of Buildings and Open Spaces. Although some parts of the Parish are too thickly peopled, the area of the open spaces is large, and the density is less than in many ... |
b82d4a14-54d1-462b-b9a3-14b47e643d91 | Our crowded streets and courts are therefore becoming more over thronged. So mortality mounts up, and physical degeneration results. Accordingly, we find that after 1841, when the mortality was one to every 41 living, or 24 in 1000, it rose in the decennium 1841-50 to 1 in 38, or 26 in 1000.* To me it appears that the ... |
f77b3cb8-183e-4850-8f09-2ecdda3787d1 | * Since 1861 several of the worst streets have been furnished with sewers, and their sickness and mortality have very much decreased. 14 TABLE IX. DISTRICTS. Persons to a Square Mile Deaths annually to 1000 living. Excess in Deaths above 17 in 1000. Whitechapel 118942 29 12 Shoreditch 95450 28 11 Bethnal Green 69171 26... |
197fe0d1-c8d6-4f22-9c89-aa467603a3b4 | The Burial Grounds, closed and unclosed, number 12: those in use are but 2—the Victoria Park Cemetery, and the Jews'. Whether it would be better to super-impose on any a layer of charcoal, as strongly recommended by Dr. Stenhouse, I, with all deference, leave to you to determine. But "as putrefactive changes, for some ... |
2c798ad0-8148-403a-b576-ed3009d5aa1b | The ground likewise, under and about several arches of the Eastern Counties Railway, and of the 15 passages termed "holes in the walls," (as in Essex, Lisbon Mount Streets, &c.) harbours all sorts of filth. Drains and Sewers. Unhappily our sewers are few, and as a consequence, cesspools abound. "The cesspools now under... |
e2509dc9-bb0c-40ea-be20-95420dc2f7ad | Farr thus illustrates:—"in Bethnal Green, a person assessed to £100 a year, pays £13 12s. to the relief of the poor; in St. George, Hanover Square, £2 8s. only." Water Supply. Our Water-supply, (derived from the Lea) has of late been improved; being drawn from a purer source, and filtered "through an extensive surface ... |
cf9865ad-e926-446f-9a3f-5ffbc9d6f767 | R. D. Thomson's analysis of the water of the East London Company shows, in eaeh gallon, 1.940 grains of organic matter, 14.2 of hardness, and 18.461 of total impurity. 16 Manufacturing Establishments. The manufacturing establishments (unless each weaver's household be so considered) are neither numerous nor extensive. ... |
8d92b966-bfcb-43e8-b8e0-225236c6838e | To that want of water (that great essential to health) I earnestly invoke your special regard. Another evil is, that in certain cul-de-sac houses, as in Providence Place, the privies belonging to the houses behind abut on the walls, and infiltrate ordure under the floors. Thus "unhealthy and unhappy homes induce thousa... |
cdc2ca20-f41f-4459-b05b-edf25f111ca1 | The experiment is neither uncertain nor new; it has been put to the test by Baths and Wash-houses, in St. Martin-in-the-Fields, and has realized 5 per cent. of returns. And, as regards the health question, when, in 1852, the mortality of all London was 22 17 in the 1000,—that of the Model Dwellings reached in each 1000... |
068c6ce8-63e3-4efb-a419-3bff639e2d1a | Since the closure of the Burial Grounds, the Victoria Park Cemetery has become the great graveyard of Bethnal Green, and of other places besides. It is easily reached, and has, in some parts plenty of room. But in the pauper divisions, the practice of piling coffin upon coffin, and of barely separating one pit from ano... |
ef18e6e8-2fdc-4d90-87b7-c3b2e0ec66a7 | The names of the Keepers, the situations of the Houses, and the numbers for which they are licensed, I have ascertained from the Police. Slaughtering Places. There are upwards of 50 butchers who kill, but as some kill sheep or pigs only, and those in their kitchens, the 18 regular Slaughter-Houses are not so many. Whet... |
0c793edf-55c0-47d2-8016-5f07035b7407 | With respect to the cleansing of Public Ways, I take leave to suggest, that it would be an advantage to have the refuse more frequently carted away, and that the contractors (so far as relates to the removal of house dust) require both remonstrance and supervision After the purer supply of water, "the next most effectu... |
1f6a8fca-0d53-43e3-87bc-0ccf2cbc1e7f | But before we shall accomplish desiderata so grand, our highways and by-ways must be thoroughly drained, and mile upon mile of sewerage made. Until then, we are doomed to eke out existence on unhealthy ground—to inhale a slow poison at every breath—and perhaps, at last, to die prematurely— holocausts to preventible, ye... |
65c80bb0-9c14-481c-aa82-7417f36d98be | Gentlemen, when the "ordures that now pollute our river shall fertilize our fields, and ceasing at length to breed disease and death, shall spring up, strangely transmuted, in rich crops of the life-sustaining grain," or, when discharged at high water below Barking Creek, they pass down the stream, slowly but surely, o... |
3911fbff-41e6-413c-9a77-0d39bb5e88f7 | 2 BET 72 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT of the MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH on the SANITARY STATE AND TRANSACTIONS IN BETHNAL, GREEN, DURING 1858. London: PRINTED BY ORDER OF VESTRY. mdccclvii. TO THE GENTLEMEN of the VESTRY OF ST. MATTHEW, BETHNAL GREEN, whose untiring exertions for the physical improvement of their important paris... |
b4db1714-a347-440a-ab93-ecefa8f3de0f | The great work of the day it to improve the health of the people" Gentlemen, The Instructions* to Medical Officers of Health direct them to inquire into, and to report, periodically, upon the physical conditions of the place and people, their vital statistics and sanitary state, the ventilation and drainage of houses, ... |
53c34fd5-fcd0-4259-8461-8744ea796544 | The number of Births fell from 3717, in 1855, to 3640, in 1856. 3.6 children were born to each hundred persons, or 1.9 to every death. As 1905 persons died, the natural addition to our population by excess of Births over Deaths was 1735. But the births do not constitute all the increase; the influx of * From the Genera... |
39ace3fd-67ec-43c6-8461-388620035c46 | Where too, the migratory stream ebbs and flows, as in our Irish colonies of Elizabeth Place and John's Court, the sickness and deaths are probably less than a stationary population would have.* Since the census many new streets have been built, and the influx has, doubtless, further advanced. 2.—MORTALITY AND SICKNESS.... |
ffcc56d3-382b-49a7-be6c-ffbebd39e49c | Their percentage to the total deaths was 20.2—nearly 1 in 5. Numerically—385 against 475, and 20.2 per cent against 22.16— they also contrast favourably with the previous year. One in every 90 deaths arose from Small Pox; 1 in 50 from Measles; 1 in 32 from Scarlatina; 1 in 22 from Hooping Cough; 1 in 25 from Diarrhœa; ... |
8007fd63-f48c-47a0-b52c-458d3105fbe7 | Keith Johnston, F.R.S.E. † Because it only leads into a street reservoir. 5 given in Table 1, in the Appendix to this Report. In the same period, 23 persons died in the Consumption Hospital; 42 in Bethnal House Asylum; and 251 in our Workhouse. Hence, out of every 6 deaths, 1 occurred in our Public Institutions, while ... |
9349336b-ec2b-4b66-9c3c-4d7934cd1365 | Our epidemic rate however was 1.3 per cent in excess, the London per centage forming 18.9 only. That excess apportions us more than our share of the diseases which rank in the preventible class. But if they be estimated, as Dr. Barnes estimates them, on our fractional proportions of the epidemics and population of Lond... |
ab5a975b-a12d-4ba4-a5d3-b0ef5a9397e1 | Should I have the honour to hold office next year, I shall be enabled—through the kindness and liberality of the Registrar-General, to furnish the Sub-district mortality, the death-rate of each Sub-division, and the Sex, Age, &c. of every death. To show the influence that weather has upon life, I have arranged, in Tabl... |
51275715-3b3c-474f-afab-511dd4bd2710 | Then however, the Dispensary and Consumption Hospital did not exist, now, doubtless they draw off a part. During the last six months of the year, 2825 cases were attended by your six Medical Officers. Of these 608 occurred in the Workhouse; —316 in District No. 1;—428 in No. 2;—514 in No. 3;— 568 in No 4;—and 391 in No... |
0c5292f9-798f-41f8-8806-322fb91cafa9 | Their proportions one to another, and to each Sub-division, are given in No. 3 of the Tables adjoined. That Table shows that the epidemics formed nearly a third of the total attacks, and that 1 out of every 35 persons, was under the care of your efficient Medical Staff. 3.—HEALTH, PRESENT AND PREVIOUS. To estimate corr... |
5d11c711-f003-4558-bdc5-5b0f4206713f | 7 annual rate of 3.095* per cent ,or 1 death to every 32 persons; but in the decennium 1841—50, it fell to 2.6 per cent., or 1 death to each 38. I shall presently show that, since 1850, life has further improved. To contrast Bethnal Green with other localities, to test the life differences of high and low levels, wealt... |
93386b6b-59aa-4426-b5bb-55292cea4984 | Applied to ourselves, Table 4 tells that we, with more space to our population, suffered three times the excess of the City of London, and almost doubled that of the densely crowded Strand. It tells too, that in 10 years, we lost 7393 persons more than would have died, had we not exceeded the Lewisham rate. With favour... |
a8932ffa-2d5d-41f8-8534-2d1b3bc57f5d | In those years, many sewers were made, and life rose proportionally, in Bethnal Green. Again, if we compare the Sub-district mortality in 1841 and 1843, with that in 1851 and 1853, we arrive at this striking fact, that while the deaths of the Hackney Road, Green, and Church Sub-divisions advanced, those of the Town bec... |
ab0decb5-96db-449d-8250-c0ff21499648 | These differences, most probably, result from the differences in the decennial per centage increase of their population which I showed in my First Report to have been respectively 19.36, 40.49, 25.98, and 4.71. They accord with the law of Dr. Farr, that "an increase of density implies an increase of mortality." 4.—SANI... |
b2361279-ac6f-4d90-b4d1-a1158a9abd6c | You have abolished the black ditch in Lamb Fields, and made a pipe sewer instead—have arched over 30 feet of open sewer behind Hackney Road—the cause I believe of much local disease;—have constructed sewers in several streets, in which Fever was, before, constantly rife; —have connected hundreds of houses with neighbou... |
cd1ae416-e9ca-425f-9f34-758da66163e6 | Having, from time to time, reported many of the worst and most ill-conditioned places, (copies of which are kept in my Journal, and at your Town Hall) I have now grouped together the several improvements, in the Retrospective Synopsis appended to this Report. 9 5.—DEFECTS AND REQUIREMENTS. The first comprise the causes... |
201e73b6-d219-4137-bb01-993149dc53e7 | Cellar abodes. 7. Overcrowding of Inmates. 8. Unwholesome Provisions. SANATORY REQUIREMENTS. 1. a. House, surface, and subsoil drainage. b. Stone or asphalte pavement. c. Daily Scavenging. 2. a. Water-closet Apparatus, and suppression of cesspools. b. Trapping and flushing of all gullies and drains. e. Impermeable pipe... |
754e057d-8af7-4b97-bc2c-f7efe0f57a9f | Other causes, besides, prejudice health: such are the culde-sac streets of Hope Town, and courts of a similar form, which impede the transit of currents of air, and concentrate, and intensify, the emanations evolved. Back-to-back houses too, those without back windows or doors, and others below the levels of the street... |
ba59a346-5052-470a-b403-68ace06e8a26 | Other sources of illness are the gases arising from night-soil depots, and manufactories of manure, from dust and refuse yards, cow sheds, and dung heaps, cat-gut spinners, paunch dressers, slaughter-houses, &c. But in these,—beyond the employment of "the best practicable means" for their abatement—the privileges of tr... |
30a97fd0-39e7-447a-9280-0846daaff5c2 | You can compel owners of property to pave any court, passage, or place which is not a thoroughfare, to provide drains, sinks, water-closet apparatus, and water supply, whenever there is a sewer, lower in level, within 100 feet; can abolish the cesspools, regulate cellar dwellings as to area, drainage and light, and exe... |
07dd0f4a-7974-4ef7-b502-c39c984827b2 | * It would further conduce to our improvement in health, if the canals were more frequently cleansed, and the interments in the Victoria Park Cemetery were limited to the numbers directed, per acre, in the Burials' Acts. Finally, the establishment of New or Renovated Model Dwellings, Ragged Dormitories, Baths and Wash-... |
7f877300-1bcf-42fe-84a3-5650a002906a | Thomson and Hassall, that the shallow well waters, in towns, abound in impurities derived from above, and from cesspools and sewers around—one opinion only can be entertained—that these "infusions of filth" are unfit for drinking and culinary purposes, and should only be used for extinguishing fires, watering roads, an... |
69dc32b3-567b-4442-9199-adcbf7b91dae | Total Permanent Temporary Total Organic Matter Inorganic Matter 1851 15.00 .... .... 23.51 4.12 19.39 1856 13.98 7.53 6.45 22.05 1.09 20.96 In this Table, the terms Permanent and Temporary, as applied to hardness, signify the reduction caused by 5 minutes boiling. By improving the source, and filtering through a bed of... |
d9ccb7b7-f0e7-4f1a-9725-ec5f4fca4a45 | Simon. 12 and it is on this, that the influence of water in promoting epidemics mainly depends. Hence in the Cholera of 1854, when the Company drew their supply three miles higher up the Lea, a great decrease of mortality (in comparison with that of 1849) occurred in those districts which they supplied, e.g., in our ow... |
d1ebf235-c816-4bcd-83df-314140d0032b | Hitherto, neither complaints nor seizures of provisions have been made. As with drinking waters, so, I believe, with the perishable articles of fish, fruit, and vegetables, much harm is done, in the poorer districts, by costermongers and small dealers, storing their wares under the beds, and in close dirty rooms. In re... |
6c84bb12-6622-47e5-a5d4-16ab483aa02e | Government Inspectors have condemned the piling and close packing system as out of all proportion to the space in use. It is said that, on every Sunday, 130 bodies are interred:— that, in fact, 16000 pounds* of mortal matter are added, on that day alone, to the already decomposing mass. So continuous is the dead march ... |
52f2f5b9-cf4d-4998-b755-30923fe7a068 | Having, Gentlemen, informed you, last October, in a special Report, of the condition of each slaughtering place, I have only, on this occasion, to express my admiration of the alacrity displayed, by the several butchers, in carrying out your orders, and my conviction that the improvements effected Trill, equally, condu... |
e79675b8-795d-46a6-ad6e-ff6e85e04390 | During 1856, there were 2187 Paupers admitted, and 2129 discharged; 48 Children were born—18 legitimate, 30 illegitimate; 251 died; and 615 Vagrants and 46093 Out-door Poor had relief. On December 31st, the inmates numbered 1072; namely, 360 * Leading Article, Lancet, Nov. 8, 1856. †As the Abatttoir of Roule is in Pari... |
d93062d4-93f3-456b-907a-d42cdabfca3f | The last subject of my Report—one of deep interest in its bearing on Pauper Statistics, on which, in fact, the amount of our Poor Rates chiefly depends—is the "Internal Life," or the homes of the poorer and industrial classes. If we would strike at the roots of disease—at the prime causes of our death excess, and untim... |
9bf2ada5-808e-44f5-81e1-fc8ab8ffaa4b | But,—without a thorough reform of all such pestiferous places as Nova Scotia Gardens with its mountains of house refuse, road mud, offal, and filth;—as the manure baking depots of Digby Street, Globe Lane;—as Elizabeth Place, or Devil's Alley where lately were harboured in 30 small rooms of 10 feet by 6, and 2 sheds, 9... |
4233a4d8-1d0a-4278-963b-08247417e946 | 1, Collingwood Street, where an open privy poisons the air, and the ground floor front room derives all its light from 2 small panes of glass; which, for want of a 15 window, the shutters contain;—as No. 10, Mead Street, with its rooms 3 feet lower down than the street, with its covered-in yard and overflowing privy an... |
7e2fecab-8ec2-4c96-a6a9-e5db77c1c8b5 | The data furnished in this and in my former Report show, that comparing area and population, Bethnal Green is, by no means, overcrowded, and that, notwithstanding the rapid increase of its people, health and life have progressed. They show, also, that wherever sewers and drainage have been made, there mortality has mos... |
350c9d03-27e4-4bed-b2d1-a53160bd1177 | By their adoption we shall exalt the standard of life, and in the emphatic words of the Registrar-General, "obtain victories over death and the grave." So, too, shall we wipe out the reproach of 1849, that Cholera was allowed to fall on Bethnal Green as though the name of the pestilence had never been heard.* * Officia... |
2e40a77e-8760-48a8-b704-1e8d64339505 | May we not, too, expect that as in Wellington Street, Old Ford Lane, where, Fever in 1852, caused 11 preventible deaths, and sanatory measures arrested its march, so, that in all Bethnal Green, when likewise improved, the scythe of death will be stayed? This year, your four grand Sewerage Works will, in those favoured ... |
c2aaec1a-143f-464e-939f-96b6a3bc3a8c | Be it our pleasing task to labour on in the field, to further the health, and to lengthen the lives of some of the 100,000 people of Bethnal Green. And assuredly, no pursuit can be purer, nothing more Godlike than to give health to man* ! I have the honour to be Gentlemen, With great respect, Very faithfully your's, SA... |
3ea291ff-6b98-41b8-9bef-a0fa0b47af52 | Synopsis of Cases, attended by the Poor Law Medical Officers, during the last six months of the year. 4. Comparison of Bethnal Green, with certain other Districts, in reference to Elevation, Density, and Mortality. 5. Retrospective Synopsis of Sanitary Works. 18 TABLE 1. Showing the Sub-District Epidemic Mortality in 1... |
de07de20-36bd-479b-b702-6d4e166c8128 | 21 38 58 85 76 107 385 20.2 TABLE 2. Showing the London Weather and Deaths, and the relative Mortality in Bethnal Green. METEOROLOGY. DEATHS. 1856. Months. Mean Beading of Barometer. Mean Temperature of Air. Mean Dew point Temperature. Relative proportion of Wind. Daily Horizontal Movement of Air. Amount of Rain in Inc... |
78ed25e7-348a-4c81-af68-4e8f808daa7f | 29.468 39.4 36.4 7 8 8 8 103 2.6 159 42 4497 755 February. 29.899 42.0 37.8 6 6 7 10 123 1.1 161 25 4198 742 March. 30.011 38.7 33.1 9 16 2 4 99 1.1 198 32 5838 881 April. 29.615 46.8 38.7 6 10 7 7 132 2.3 136 19 4490 731 May. |
f7d6c678-b5e1-40eb-93ab-ade55ba91071 | 29.647 49.5 42.9 10 6 6 9 148 3.5 147 1.905 or 1 Death in 52 27 20.20 5403 2.178 or 1 Death in 46 949 18.90 June. 29.877 58.5 51.8 4 1 7 18 76 1.6 139 29 4176 784 July. 29.831 61.1 54.5 5 2 8 15 90 0.9 113 23 3999 873 August. 29.746 63.6 56.2 5 9 10 7 44 2.4 205 58 5710 1671 September. |
be7abe26-3e29-406b-a2b9-e0374ff31229 | 29.652 55.2 47.4 7 5 6 12 97 2.8 150 33 4357 955 October. 29.991 51.7 47.6 4 8 6 10 49 1.6 128 33 3944 763 November. 29.902 40.7 37.3 12 4 3 13 91 1.0 214 36 5484 910 December. 29.646 40.2 37.3 7 2 6 16 141 1.3 155 28 4690 722 Totals of year. 29.774 49.1 43.4 82 77 76 129 100 21.9 1905 385 56786 10736 20 TABLE 3. |
76843ad9-5873-4715-8233-902c5f499b17 | Cases of Sickness attended by the Poor Law Medical Officers of Bethnal Green, during the last Six months of 1856. Parish of Bethnal Green Small Pox. Measles. Scarlatina. Hooping Cough. Diarrhoea. Typhus. Total Epidemics. Other Diseases. Total Sickness. Percentage of Epidemic to Total Sickness. Proportion of Total Sickn... |
0b327eef-1144-4de5-aa7f-5a03a860fdc0 | 1 3 1 4 52 53 113 203 316 19 1 2 8 12 5 7 54 94 180 248 428 13 24 3 15 2 8 91 64 180 334 514 32.49 1/35 4 28 4 3 18 22 10 76 53 182 386 568 4 28 5 11 20 19 45 56 151 240 391 10 21 Workhouse. 25 87 112 496 608 26 100 Totals. 14 57 53 44 343 407 918 1907 2825 32.49 1/35 76 202 21 TABLE 4. Contrasting Bethnal Green with c... |
c26ef5e8-d215-401d-a379-3bf35affaa17 | Persons to a Square Mile. Deaths to 1000 living Excess of Deaths over 17 in 1000. Lives lost in the 10 years, 1841-50 beyond 17 per 1000. Lewisham 28 1.7 1075 17 0 0 Hampstead 350 4.9 3137 18 1 110 St. Geo' Hanover Sq. |
da735802-cba6-4ccb-8782-8e6cdf7064d1 | 49 60.0 38376 18 1 696 Hackney 55 12.8 8201 20 3 1510 City of London 38 128.9 82472 20 3 1678 Strand 50 252.4 161556 22 5 2196 Bethnal Green 38 108.1 69171 26 9 7393 Shoreditch 48 149.1 95450 28 11 10598 Whitechapel 28 185.8 118942 29 12 9054 "West London 28 213 136311 31 14 3982 St. Saviour 2 137.4 87944 33 16 5496 Re... |
497aa0c6-704b-4f89-a537-bbb79ae36b79 | Blocks of Sewers Constructed. Nos. 360 Nos. 1 Nos. 5 Houses connected with Sewers. Street Cesspools Filled up. Gullies Trapped. Nos. 360 Nos. 60 Nos. 86 Privies altered to Water-closets. Privies Constructed. Sewer Ventilators Constructed. Nos. 420 Nos. 21 Nos. 2 Cellar Dwellings Abolished. Paving Works Completed. Dust ... |
eb9c400b-da7a-461f-a954-0e87fa66ece4 | Gentlemen, To bring down our transactions to the termination of the first year of our sanitary cycle, I have appended a short summary of the first quarter of 1857. I have done so, because the RegistrarGeneral has recommended the Officers of Health to adopt his tabulation, and to publish in each quarter, uniform returns... |
364e25d0-fec6-4a62-ac5e-58dfefed0816 | But although the sum total was more, the epidemic proportion was less, namely 87 against 99, or a percentage of 14.6 The same result obtained throughout Loudon, evidencing that Sanitation has already done good. 153 individuals fell victims to diseases of the respiratory class, 64 to consumption, 40 to hooping cough, an... |
9a0eb63e-7478-42e6-9505-9c2cca817545 | The deaths of children under the age of 1 constituted 26 per cent of the total deaths; those under 5 about 48, while "in the more distant and rural part of Surrey, the latter do not quite reach 29," If, as Dr, Lyon Playfair says, to die between the ages 20—60 be to perish prematurely, then, in addition to our large inf... |
6326290a-e175-48d5-bef0-715213d875c7 | To the Gentlemen of the Vestry of Bethnal Green, TABLE 1. Deaths Registered in the Parish of St. Matthew, Bethnal Green, in the 13 Weeks ending March 28th, 1857. Causes of Death. Ages. Total. Causes of Death. Ages. Total Under 5 Under 20 20 and under 40 40 and under 60 60 and under 80 80 and above Under 5 Under 20 20 a... |
7c2b1245-d3a9-457d-9861-79734ab4c01e | Digestive Organs : Small-pox I .. .. .. .. .. 1 Teething 18 .. .. .. .. .. 18 Measles 5 .. .. .. .. .. 5 Quinsy 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 Scarlatina 13 1 .. .. .. .. 14 Gastritis Hooping Cough. 40 . . . . . 40 Enteritis 1 . . . 1 . 2 Croup 2 . . . . . 2 Peritonitis 1 . . . . . 1 Thrush 1 . . . . . 1 Ascites . . . 2 2 . 4 Diar... |
4fc40c94-688a-45ab-b258-313e2716afc0 | Scurvy Stricture of Intestinal Canal Ague Disease of Stomach, &c 1 . . . . . 1 Remittent Fever 1 . . . . . 1 Disease of Pancreas Infantile Fever Hepatitis Tyhus 7 4 4 3 2 . 20 Jaundice 2 . . . 1 . 3 Metria Disease of Liver . . . 3 2 . 5 Rheumatic Fever . 2 1 . . 3 Disease of Spleen Erysipelas 4 . . . 1 . 5 VIII. Kidney... |
94bef61d-c60a-4b17-87c0-dec44ae39953 | Dropsy, &c. Stone Hæmorrhage 2 1 I 2 2 .. 8 Cystitis .. .. .. 1 1 .. 2 Dropsy 2 .. .. 2, 2 1 7 Abscess .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 2 Disease of Kidneys, &c .. 2 .. 3 1 .. 6 Ulcer Fistula IX. Childbirth : Mortification 2 .. l .. 1 .. 4 Paramenia Cancer .. .. .. 1 2 .. 3 Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Gout Childbirth (see Metria)... |
160cfc8d-89f5-4884-a2c7-3c538f6356a0 | Tubercular Class: X. Joints, Bones, &c. : Scrofula Arthritis Tabes Mesenterica 31 .. 1 .. .. .. 32 Rheumatism Phthisis (Consumption) 6 12 25 20 1 .. 64 Disease of Joints, &c Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain) 9 1 .. .. .. •. 10 XI. Skin, Cellular, Tissue, &c.: Carbuncle IV. Brain, Nerves, &c.: Phlegmon Cephalitis 6 .. ... |
1e570fe6-ceb8-45b3-a054-f41cc7ce7927 | Malformation : Paralysis .. .. .. 5 6 1 12 Delirium Tremens Spina Bifida Chorea Other Malformations 3 .. .. .. .. •• 3 Epilepsy 1 .. .. .. 2 .. 3 Tetanus XIII. Premature Birth and Debility . Insanity .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 19 .. .. .. .. .. 19 Convulsions 21 .. .. .. .. .. 21 XIV. Atrophy : 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of B... |
16b5cd27-ce6c-4dba-8d5d-911d25bc7123 | Violence, Privation, &c.: Aneurism Intemperance .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Disease of Heart, &c. 1 1 2 3 1 .. 8 Privation of Food Want of Breast Milk 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2 Neglect VI. |
1847e4b4-f859-435d-b39b-8f4260a60e33 | Respiratory Organs : Cold Laryngitis 3 1 1 1 .. .. 6 Poison Bronchitis 10 1 5 19 21 3 59 Burns and Scalds .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Pleurisy 1 .. .. .. 1 Hanging, .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 Pneumonia 48 1 .. 5 2 56 Suffocation, 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Asthma .. i 15 8 2 26 Drowning .. .. .. 2 .. .. 2 Disease of Lungs, &c 2 1 1 .. 1 .. 5 F... |
c7013c49-afc9-4608-a652-b231ea2cadad | 9 1 .. 1 4 .. 15 Totals carried forward 225 27 46 81 60 7 446 Totals 288 33 47 101 105 19 593 23 APPENDIX TO TABLE 1. Showing the Causes of, and the Ages at Death, in each of the Sub-districts of Bethnal Green during the 13 weeks ending March 28th, 1857. Sub-Districts. CAUSES. | Zymotic or Epidemic Class. Tubcrcular Cl... |
e08ac93e-a697-4a62-8766-e2817338b37f | Hackney Road 23 21 15 3 40 8 12 23 145 Green 23 40 19 5 47 10 5 58 207 church 29 28 12 1 34 11 6 13 134 Town 25 17 8 — 32 8 2 15 107 Totals 100 106 54 9 153 37 25 109 593 AGES. Sub-Districts. -1 1-5 5-10 10-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Gen. |
84d3d9c2-8907-4e88-9a40-ed4538eb88e6 | Total 46 36 3 3 8 31 16 2 145 43 29 5 10 21 35 52 12 207 33 39 4 1 12 18 25 2 134 Town 33 29 4 3 6 17 12 3 107 Totals 155 133 16 17 47 101 105 19 593 TABLE 2. Classifying the Causes of, and Ages at Death, in the Workhouse, Bethnal Green, during the 13 Weeks ending March 28, 1857. CAUSES. Zymotic or Epidemic Class. Tube... |
b9a62940-e2e9-4d5f-a72b-cc4d26aa0252 | 6 16 1 — 9 3 1 31 67 AGES. -1 1-5 5-10 10-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 General Total. 8 3 1 — 6 12 30 7 67 London: Printed j:y J. S. FORSAITH, 118, Bethnal Green Road. |
8607e019-0118-48bd-aa33-61f0f05c84ed | 3 BET 73 REPORT of the MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, on the SANITARY HISTORY of BETHNAL GREEN, DURING 1857. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF VESTRY. 1858. THIS REPORT on the SANITARY HISTORY OF BETIINAL GREEN DURING. 1857, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED by the OFFICER OF HEALTH TO THE GREAT PIONEER OF HYGIENIC REFORM DR. THOMAS S0U... |
ec843a1f-b62e-4d5b-8047-edc7f35cb17b | Gentlemen, I have the honor to present my Report on our Sanitary History, during 1857. In my First Annual, I had the pleasure of recording, that in 1856 the health of Bethnal Green, as of all London, was unusually good. It is now my less pleasing task to report that the year 1857 proved less genial and more destructive... |
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This dataset was created using Corpus Creator. This dataset was created by parsing a corpus of text files into chunks of sentences using Llama Index. This processing was done with a chunk size of 256 and a chunk overlap of 0.
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