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4fcc153d-f95f-4ee1-8b0d-86f75a07990a | I think that the time has come when we should consider having at Jeast one full-time nurse at each clinic, the same to be on the permanent staff of the Council. Tonsils and Adenoids.—Operations for the surgical treatment of tonsils and adenoids are carried out by arrangement with Queen Mary's Hospital, Stratford, and St. Mary's Hospital, Plaistow. From time to time I have submitted that children should be detained in hospital for some days after the operation has been performed for the removal of tonsils and adenoids. This operation is not such a minor one as is commonly supposed. It entails not only the physical derangement consequent on an anaesthetic and loss of blood, but also constitutes a real shock to the nervous system. |
f8a8b3ae-e945-4a9f-9f9d-b471440fc920 | I advise you to make arrangements for children to be received into hospital at least the afternoon of the day preceding the operation and to remain in hospital three days after the operation Tuberculosis.—The treatment of tuberculous children is in the hands of the County Council. As I said last year, there is a lot of overlapping. The diagnosis of tubercle in children similarly is in the hands of the County Council and this leads to even still further overlapping. In the case of diagnosis, the consequences of this overlapping are at present to a certain extent mitigated by your own Medical Officer being Tuberculosis Officer, and, although it may be somewhat farcical, the one officer playing a sort of "Box and Cox" all by himself, sometimes being Medical Officer of Health and sometimes being Tuberculosis Officer, this system has worked moderately well, but the idea of a separate Tuberculosis Officer under the County and not under yourself undertaking this work is not a sound one for such a compact administrative unit as Barking. |
980b40af-bd67-4e68-9cc3-7f57fcc5d360 | 137 Skin Diseases.- The treatment of skin diseases is still one which ranks very highly in economic worth so far as the efficiency of your school service is concerned, because it is minor ailments of this nature which causes an undue loss of time by exclusion from school. These cases are treated at your Minor Ailment Clinic, and cases of ringworm of the scalp are treated away from your Minor Ailment Clinic by Dr. A. Kennedy. Although the cases of ringworm and of scabies have gone down, the number of cases of impetigo dealt with has gone up roughly from 300 to 400 cases. This increase in the number of cases of impetigo is out of proportion to the increase in the school population. After deducting a small number of cases of impetigo which to all outward manifestations are impetigo but yet are probably very different from ordinary impetigo and do not readily yield to treatment I am of opinion that the vast majority representing the other cases are in part at least due to home circumstances. |
20696a51-2244-43ee-b038-fdf68a51f0a2 | If only parents would bring their children to the Clinic right away and would actually carry out the treatment offered, we should see but a very small fraction of the number of serious cases of impetigo with which your officers have to deal. We intend using ultra violet light for the intractable cases which form a small proportion of the whole, and for the rest we must appeal to the parents of these children for more active co-operation. It is to be regretted that we often find these cases returning day after day with the dressings entirely removed, and oftentimes come to the opinion that the dressings have only been on for a very small fraction of the day. External Eye Disease.— Although the number of minor eye defects treated this year has gone up from 70 to 118, I am happy to be able to say that the nature of these defects remains essentially 138 minor and we have not come across other than very few cases which have not responded readily to treatment. |
ac9ccd87-f078-43c4-b865-bd22002efd8f | Vision.— The treatment of defective vision shows an increase from 103 in 1929 to 138 in 1930. As for last year, this treatment is carried out by one of your medical officers at the East Street Clinic, and the increased work done not only represents increased school population but represents an increased interest in the care of the eyesight by all those who are responsible for the welfare of the children. Ear Disease.—The treatment carried out at your clinic is the ordinary medical treatment and a large number of ears respond readily to this treatment, but there are a few where the cause of the trouble is deep seated and the treatment more specialised than that which can be carried out at an ordinary Minor Ailment Clinic. Once again I advise you to entertain the possibility of appointing a special aural surgeon, who would attend in the first instance, say once a month during term time. Dental Defects.—The treatment of dental defects is dealt with specially in a part of this report prepared by Mr. |
a6c455cb-9dea-42a4-ad0d-d9526bbc6aa8 | Foy, the dental surgeon. It does seem an enormous pity that the public will not take seriously professional appointments made by their own public authorities. No professional public man or woman in practice could make a success of life, do what is right by his patients, and live an economic life if his patients constantly failed to keep appointments. This, however, is what happens at public consultation centres. For instance, we feel ourselves working about an average when anything up to two-thirds of the appointments turn up. The result is that we are torn between two difficulties. On the one hand, a reasonable number of patients are asked to attend, and the service is 139 - 140 PARTICULARS OF WORK DONE IN CONNECTION WITH ORTHOPAEDIC CLINIC. No. of visits by Orthopaedic Surgeon No. |
e5aad0bc-d736-465a-bb5a-3694e9f80501 | of visits by Masseuse ATTENDANCES Primary Examination Re-Examination For Treatment Total School Children Under School Age School Children Under School Age School Children Under School Age School Children Under Age 11 240 37 43 150 83 2506 1392 2693 1518 TREATMENTS Massage Electricity Remedial Exercises Ultra Violet Therapy Radiant Heat Dressings and Splintage No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children ' No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments No. of Children No. of Treatments School Children 3 47 1 9 45 1695 18 806 — - 11 102 Under School Age ! |
03ab34d5-bc10-408f-b00f-f10d2f726bbc | 9 172 — - 7 101 114 1066 2 9 24 192 Admission to Orthopaedic Hospitals On waiting List for Admission 31/12/30. School Children Under School Age Total School Children Under School Age Total 7 8 15 — - — 141 uneconomic because only about two-thirds of this reasonable number turn up. On the other hand, an extraordinary number of cases are asked to turn up in the hope that a reasonable number will do so, and the curious thing is that when this is done, almost every case keeps the appointment and, in addition, a number of casuals attend. In these circumstances, the work can only be done with great strain on the practitioner, which is neither good to him nor the patients, or, alternatively, some of the patients have to be turned away, which is hardly ever done because such a procedure is bad for the clinic. |
99d54734-12e9-4e7b-9d76-7317551e572e | It is to be hoped that the public will remember that it is their money which is being spent on these Clinics, and it is our responsibility to see that it is spent economically, and that we cannot do this unless people will look upon appointments made in the public service just as seriously as they would look upon other professional appointments. Crippling Defects and Orthopaedics.—The treatment carried out for cripples in Barking has been in the past and still is very good. Mr. Whitchurch Howell attends once a month and Miss Findlay on three whole days a week. This service, however, does not cope adequately with all the work we have at the present time, and will be far short of what is necessary in the immediate future. Last year I seriously urged you to increase your orthopaedic work, and I advise you that forthwith provision should be made for the equivalent of the services of a whole-time orthopaedic nurse. |
c5d1e264-03cb-4b54-9519-e61b2142e5f0 | The premises, too, where this work is carried on are unsatisfactory. There should be waiting room accommodation to replace the draughty corridor in which so many people have to wait at the present time, and to prevent the overcrowding, particularly on Wednesday afternoons, we have in the one room available. There should also be proper accommodation for the children to undress and dress.+ 142 (9) OPEN AIR EDUCATION. Playground. Classes.—May I call attention to the comments I made last year with regard to open air education? This is an aspect of the educational life of a child which is not sufficiently entertained by those who are responsible for looking after children. Everything seems to militate against education in the open air— the construction of the schools, the construction of the furniture, books and stationery, and I am almost tempted to believe, the necessary nature of the curriculum as understood by the representatives of the Board of Education. |
6acc29bb-72c0-4ffb-b5c1-a982bbb22bdf | From a hygienic standpoint there can be no question but that the rule should be for classes generally to be held in the open air, with the building as a refuge only when circumstances make this impossible. It is a very wrong thing for children to be brought up with the idea that the house is the natural environment of man. When one sees the fine results of open-air treatment at sanatoria there is certainly an inclination to look upon houses as only a necessary evil. This is perhaps stretching the situation unduly, but there can be no question we do not do enough in the open air, and the glorification of home life has led to the glorification of the house, to the detriment of open air life. School Journeys.—The following school journeys were made by scholars during 1930:— Date. School. Place Visited. June, 1930 North St. Boys' School Stratford-on-Avon. (7 days). |
0db78a0d-2113-4cc1-ada6-5fd91cf2a90a | (30 boys) June, 1930 Church of England Girl's Yarbridge, Isle of Wight. (10 days) School (22 girls) Sept., 1930 Westbury Boys' School Sandown, Isle of Wight. (15 days) (30 boys) Aug.-Sept., Ripple Boys' School Sandown, Isle of Wight. 1930 (30 boys) (15 days) 143 The total cost of these journeys did not exceed £350. You will remember that last year I reminded you that the question of school journeys on a much more comprehensive basis than then obtained was being considered by you, and this year it is pleasant to note that the list of school journeys represents a much more ambitious and comprehensive programme. School Camps.—School camps are run during the week-ends from Friday to Monday evening. The camp is of a permanent nature and is situated at Hainault. Thirteen Camps were held during the year, in which 624 Scholars participated. |
3737ac6b-1325-4739-855c-730366242396 | During the summer holidays, too, there are additional camps where children are taken for a fortnight at a time to the same huts at Hainault. School camps are a step in the right direction, leading to an appreciation of the open-air life of which I have spoken above. Indeed, it seems to me the time is fast coming when in large metropolitan areas the possibility of extending these camps for weeks and months on end might be entertained. The idea of a school being a wondrous piece of architecture that one hundred years hence will form a glorious epitaph to the people who built it must be broken down. A school is essentially a number of scholars, with an adequate number of teachers, and so impressed am I with the strides which have taken place in open-air education that I am persuaded a very full educational programme could be drawn up to be carried out in a holiday encampment which would surpass any of the present curricula as an educational measure and at the same time promote the health, happiness and wellbeing of the children. |
b0bf16b2-42a7-45a9-be83-25542a69a9eb | The idea that such camps must of necessity be costly is, I believe, unfounded. Providing the children are healthy, are adequately clothed and properly fed, the material part of such an establishment could be—and perhaps should be—of a very simple, inexpensive nature. 144 Open-air Classrooms in Public Elementary Schools.—Modern architecture is tending towards the erection of classrooms which can be turned into open-air classrooms. A lot, however, yet remains to be done in this direction, and I am happy to note that we are moving in the right direction in the new schools which are being built. Ultra Violet Light Treatment.—Ultra violet light treatment has been carried out at Faircross School during the year, the total cases treated being 18. The period of treatment of these cases varied from one month to twelve months and the total number of doses was 806. Children diagnosed as suffering from Tuberculous Glands, Alopaecia, Rheumatism, Anaemia. |
6345dd59-0131-4713-b722-04ad8fb05339 | Debility, Impetigo and Cervical Adenitis are among those who have derived considerable benefit from this treatment. It has been found possible during the year under review to provide increased medical supervision for this work, but the whole question of ultra violet treatment in Barking requires revision and I am submitting a separate report on this matter. (10) OPEN-AIR SCHOOLS. Once again, in discussing the question of Open-air Schools, 1 want to speak of the futility of building an Open-air School, staffing it and equipping it for its special work and then using it only for about 25 hours in the week. The ladies and gentlemen of the Council and its Committees who visit the Open-air School rejoice with me in the good work it is carrying out, but I cannot help feeling that we are spending a lot of money to obtain results which represent a small return for the money expended, when the expenditure of more money would bring an increased return out of all proportion to the extra expense. |
7c2f6879-4c45-409c-b5d1-38b203349f1d | Our aim, of course, is to make Open-air Schools unnecessary, but this involves work by the Council on housing, etc., as well as work by the Education Committee of the Council, but so long as 145 Open-air Schools are necessary I feel that 25 hours a week for about 44 weeks in the year is not a sound financial proposition. The following table shows the position with regard to recommendation and admission to Faircross School during the year. School. Recd. Adm. Refused Waiting Adm. Deferred Left District Westbury 22 12 e 4 — — North Street 14 9 l 2 1 1 Ripple 16 10(1) l 5 — 1 Gascoigne 25 22(2) l 4 — — C. of E 9 5 2 2 — — St. Joseph's & St. |
31dbafb1-5b59-4640-a862-9ac602a61fec | Ethelburga's .. 3 1 — 2 — — Castle 1 1(1) — 1 — — Cambell 4 3 1 — — — No School 19 17 — 2 — — Totals 113 80(4) 12 22 1 2 N.B.—Small figures in brackets indicate the number of children recommended for admission in 1929 but admitted in 1930. (11) PHYSICAL TRAINING. The Local Education Authority have no officer with special. duties for organising physical training in your schools. It has been my good fortune to take a spectator's interest in some of the activities which are carried out amongst our school children, and a few of the opinions I now hold are worth recording for future reference. Where team games such as football are played, the size and shape of the ground is of very great importance, and varying sizes are required for children of different ages who may be taking part. |
681dbdc9-04a0-4710-b9a8-1919a59c11cd | 146 If a game of Rugby is being played by junior boys, it is of advantage for the field to be relatively short. This, however, is by no means obligatory. It is, however, obligatory that the field should be relatively narrow, so that the boys may find touch fairly constantly, with consequent brief intervals in the strenuous game. The aim is essentially to prevent undue strain. Children are capable of enormous output of energy for a short time. Thus young hoys are able to snatch easy runs at cricket who would be completely fatigued even walking round a golf course with quite old men. For this reason races which are to be run should be short and races around the 300 yard mark—comparable with the 440 yards of the adult athlete—should be avoided altogether, because they are the most strenuous of all races. (12) PROVISION OF MEALS. |
5400f122-b5e0-4653-a6fd-485c399524f0 | Whereas, in 1929, 33,991 free meals were provided, during 1930, 31,556 meals were provided. With the active co-operation of all your officers concerned I find it difficult to believe that there are any children who of necessity go without a square meal some time during the day. I look upon this work as one of the finest you are carrying out and trust that the good work which is being undertaken will soon be carried on in adequate accommodation. As you know, the building in which these children are at present fed has been inadequate now for some time. (13) SCHOOL BATHS. Last year I expressed the hope that baths would soon be found in every school, and that certainly provision would be made in every new school opened by the Local Education Authority. 147 It is not sufficient to provide houses with baths; it is also . necessary to bring up a generation to whom bathing is a natural habit. |
700a9523-c019-4559-9e5f-be82b2caf217 | The development of this natural habit is an essential part of education and should form part of every sound educational scheme. The old joke of the bath at home being used as a coal cellar is played out, but the reality that lies behind this sordid joke, though by no means so true as it used to be, is still true, and whilst children who ought to have a bath are allowed in school without having a bath, the necessity for bathing will never be realised. Once more I want to say that the skin is an organ of the body as much as the liver, and if it is not kept active it gets sluggish and will not carry out its functions. Bathing not only removes dirt and allows the skin to function, but stimulates it to function—not only the bathing, but the friction of drying with the towel and the exposure of the body to the atmosphere. There are public swimming baths at East Street. These belong to the Council. |
4abeda90-e40e-427b-8045-4da0d1c586e0 | Children attending elementary schools are instructed in swimming at these baths, and here is a healthy exercise which should be encouraged. The provision of a public swimming pool in the park should do a lot, not only towards promoting cleanliness, but towards getting people into the habit of stimulating themselves by bathing. I do hope that the day is not far distant when there will not be one boy or girl in Barking who is not able to swim. (14), (15), (16) and (17) CO-OPERATION OF PARENTS, TEACHERS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OFFICERS AND VOLUNTARY BODIES. We are fortunately able to continue to express our appreciation of the interest that parents take in routine medical inspection; no 148 less than 66.3 per cent. of the children examined being attended by their parents or guardians. The teachers, too, have continued to take the remarkable interest they have hitherto shown in this work. |
a92191a6-7f23-4d82-a55f-ba3fa40e4426 | The routine medical inspections afford a splendid opportunity for co-operation between the teaching and the medical staff. Last year I pointed out that routine medical inspection is a census of the health of the school population, and that for the purposes of this census we must examine everybody who comes within the categories laid down by the Board of Education. It is just as essential for us to have the healthy people on this census list as the unhealthy, and therefore we want to examine those who are in perfect health quite as much as the others. I am credibly informed that the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children have dealt with 18 cases. The following table shows the way in which these cases have been dealt with:— Total number of cases investigated 18 . (a) Prosecutions 1 (b) Warnings 14 (c) Otherwise dealt with 3 In addition to the above, the local inspector, so I am advised, has paid 126 supervisory visits. |
c8ca726f-55bb-422a-b3c1-b34a06adb80c | (18) BLIND, DEAF, DEFECTIVE AND EPILEPTIC CHILDREN. We continue to report to you the number of these cases you have, but, with you, we regret that there is no sufficient accommodation throughout the country to deal with these cases after they have been found out and classified. It is obvious to me that if these children are to be housed in suitable institutions, each institution accommodating, so far as practicable, children with the same degree of disability, mental or physical, these institutions require to be of a national character. 149 This is particularly so in institutions catering for children with more than one disability, for whom at the present time accommodation is particularly limited. I do hope that you will take every step possible towards this end, which is, I am persuaded, the only solution of the present difficulty. Six deaf and dumb children have attended at Frederick Road Centre, Custom House, during the year. No deaf and dumb child has been maintained in a residential institution. |
39a252cd-6363-4dc6-89d7-eb46560c0cd6 | One blind child has been maintained in a residential institution. During the year under review one child aged five years was admitted to the Frederick Road Centre. The number of known epileptics of all grades is six. Mentally Defective Class, Open Air School.—The problem of mental deficiency is much more difficult than was at one time understood. Actually we have been dealing with children who are educationally backward, but this is in reality a different thing from mental deficiency, which is a much wider term. Once again I want to refer to the children who can only and do only acquire scholarship under the constant stimulus of an educational system. Just as in medicine we learn our most significant lessons in the post mortem room, so in education much may be learned from the study of the mentally defective children. These mentally defective children can be taught to do a marvellous number of things. The difficulty is that you cannot teach them to "be" anything. |
a5aa30f2-7bb2-434f-8e72-716b55c5bf1f | 15 They may cut out and they may sew, they may dress and they may learn parts of a play and they may carry through an evening's entertainment to the wonderment and delight of audiences, and nevertheless they have no sufficient dynamic urge to carry out an hour's consecutive work demanding the least personal initiative. Many of these children, if left to themselves, would merely sit about in odd corners twirl their fingers, make grimaces, probably foul themselves, and be altogether objectionable. Between these children and the normal and bright children there is every grade, and there can be no doubt that many children who under the constant stimulus of our educational system acquire information at such a rate that they may be looked upon as more or less ordinary children, who are nevertheless mentally defective from this standpoint, that they have not a sufficient dynamic urge. |
0949c70f-63ec-4b52-aa6d-1ac658e6703d | To these children the end of school life is something more than the end of acquiring information—it is the beginning of a definitely backward tendency, and before long these children are but little better than if they had had little or no education at all. If our educational system is to be efficient and economic we must not only deal with the problem of the child who is both mentally defective and educationally backward; we must also deal with the problem of the child who is not specially educationally backward but who notwithstanding this is inherently mentally defective. |
03b0f156-3dc1-4af2-8bb4-9b79ff49ae58 | In what way the educationalist would deal with the problem I do not know and I for my part would not be so bold as to suggest a method of dealing with this difficulty, but I may perhaps be allowed to suggest a line required, and that is that all children of a certain age, to be decided upon, shall be given a certain period of time during which class teaching shall stop and individual study take its place with the least possible degree of supervision, and that amongst other things, children be graded according to their educational response during this experimental period. 151 The real trouble is that our educators are too efficient. Under their skilful tuition a high grade mentally defective child can go through the whole curriculum without being discovered. (19) NURSERY SCHOOLS. There are no nursery schools in the district. As the Committee know, I am not so enthusiastic about nursery schools as are, some people. |
df18058e-736b-4b84-80d2-1e60a0ce4904 | "Nursery schools are required for small children who cannot get personal attention where the home is squalid, where food is bad ard insufficient, where the only playroom is the gutter, and where ill health passes unnoticed till chest trouble, rickets or other ailments have developed "—Sir George Newman. It is my earnest suggestion that the real solution of this problem is to make the homes fit for these children to live in. A comprehensive housing scheme on the one hand and the beneficial results of modern education on the other should make nursery schools as such unnecessary. Nursery schools may be classed with the curative treatment in medicine, whereas the whole idea of a public medical service is prevention. (20) SECONDARY SCHOOLS. Once again I want to point out how invidious it is for children leaving your ordinary elementary schools to proceed to a higher education to be debarred from the very comprehensive medical services you have set up. |
b1a63e28-984d-4882-b99e-eb57c0236760 | It has so far proved itself impracticable for the County Council to offer amenities similar to your own. The difficulties they would find in setting up such services would be considerable, but there is no doubt that there is a very real need for the children to be looked after in the way in which you look after your own children, and I 152 do hope that during the next year something will be done along the lines of the County handing over the whole of this work to you, whatever the. financial consideration involved may be. (21) CONTINUATION SCHOOLS. There are no continuation schools in the district. (22) EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS. Milk and newspaper deliveries, general errands, etc.. are the usual forms of employment of children and young persons. In accordance with Rye-laws of the Education Authority, 30 applicants of school age submitted themselves for examination prior to employment, of which number it was necessary to refuse five applicants on medical grounds. |
c93b222b-0ec0-405c-80cd-10bb0b73e3da | Street trading is permissible to boys of 15 years, although licence is refused girls under 16 years, no prior medical examinations being required of applicants. Certain conditions, however, such as mental defect, prevent street trading being engaged in. (23) SPECIAL ENQUIRIES. There have been no special enquiries within the meaning of the Board of Education. The work we have been doing on industrial pneumoconiosis has been of great interest to the Local Authority, particularly to the Juvenile Employment Sub-Committee. There is much more work waiting to be done, and it is unfortunate that the services available are only sufficient for the ordinary day to day routine. 153 I do feel that not only in Barking but throughout the whole of the country much good would accrue if all services were sufficient for reasonable time to be allowed for independent research. (24) MISCELLANEOUS. No young persons who desired to become bursars and student teachers were medically examined during the year by a private medical practitioner. |
72a74aac-bf8c-454d-8360-99c2d0d642fa | This closes the report for the year 1930. 154 REPORT OF THE ORTHOPAEDIC CLINIC. Orthopaedic Clinic, Faircross School, Barking, Essex. May, 1931. To the School Medical Officer. The Orthopaedic Clinic has again shown an increase in numbers, more particularly in the primary examinations, both of school children and also those under school age. The numbers are as follows:— School Children. Under School Age. Primary Examinations 37 43 Re-examinations 150 83 The findings of the primary examinations are as follows:— SCHOOL CHILDREN. 1. |
8ffaa557-b363-4732-8645-30cc81d30b62 | Deformities—Bones and Joints— (a) Congenital— (i) Amputation of Forearm 1 (b) Acquired— (i) Fractures 2 (ii) Arthritis 1 (iii) Genu Valgum 4 (iv) Genu Varum 1 (v) Rickets cum Epilepsy 1 2. Muscular Deformities— (a) Congenital— (i) Talipes 1 (ii) Torticollis 1 155 (b) Acquired— (i) Pes Piano Valgus 5 (ii) Kyphosis 7 (iii) Lordosis 1 (iv) Kypho-lordosis 1 (v) Scoliosis 1 3. |
55147983-d7ed-4a47-9b7d-a1e5a5c5a3cf | Paralysis— (a) Congenital— (i) Cerebellar Ataxia 1 (b) Acquired— (i) Anterior Poliomyelitis 3 (ii) Injury to Wrist 1 CHILDREN UNDER SCHOOL AGE. 1. Deformities—Bones and Joints— (a) Congenital— (i) Webbed Digits of Feet 1 (b) Acquired— (i) Bow Legs 9 (ii) Genu Valgum 15 (iii) Genu Varum 1 2. Muscular Deformities— (a) Congenital— (i) Torticollis 2 (ii) Haematoma-Sterno-Mastoid 5 (iii) Talipes 1 (b) Acquired— (i) Pes Planus 13 3. |
f5265957-be1c-4b7c-a255-81c23a71b04f | Paralysis— (a) Congenital— (i) Spastic Hemiplegia 1 (ii) Cerrebellar Ataxia 1 156 (b) Acquired— (i) Anterior Poliomyelitis 3 (ii) Paresis of Thigh Muscles 1 During the year seven school children and eight children under school age were admitted to hospital. |
10ac5dad-8381-4764-8a1f-823c8276ce42 | The following operations have been carried out:— (a) School Children— (i) Open elongation Tendo Achilles .. 6 (ii) Cuneiform osteotomy femur (right and left) 1 (iii) Stoffel's operation—median and ulnar nerves (Hemiplegia) 1 (iv) Manipulation of foot and plaster splint 2 (b) Children under School Age— (i) Osteoclasis (right and left) 2 (ii) Cuneiform osteotomy femur (right and left) 2 (iii) Tenotomy Tendo Achilles 1 (iv) Manipulation of foot and plaster splint 1 Total 16 The special features of this year's work are the increased number of children under school age sent up for examination. The treatment advised was carried out, except in a few cases where the parents have refused or did not attend regularly with their children. B. WHITCHURCH HOWELL, F.R.C.S. |
fcf42817-47f3-4e07-84e1-5d5ac1c669c5 | 157 REPORT OF DENTAL SURGEON. May, 1931. The Medical Officer of Health, Barking Town Urban District Council. Sir, I have the honour to submit the annual report on the School Dental Service for the year 1929-1930. At the commencement, attention is called to the small number of schools examined during the year. In explanation it is to be noted that in the past it was customary to make school examinations with frequency and by rota irrespective of the number of children waiting for treatment. This led to an accumulation of children examined but not treated, the number examined considerably exceeding the number treated. At the commencement of the year 1929 over two thousand children who had been examined were awaiting treatment, and it was considered administratively and professionally necessary to lessen considerably this number before proceeding with the examination of further schools. Attention is also drawn to the fact that there has been considerable reduction in the extraction of both temporary and permanent teeth. |
a313385c-3885-4039-bd73-2d11394ee26f | In this respect teeth that would have been condemned in the past have been submitted to treatment by routine applications of ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate with extremely gratifying results, 80 per cent. of teeth that might have proved unsavable without such treatment having been usefully retained. The frequency of dental caries in this country is out of all proportion to the knowledge of preventive dentistry at the disposal of the population. A consideration of dental disease should commence not when the first infant tooth appears but so soon as a mother becomes pregnant, under advice obtained at ante-natal clinics, or from attending practitioners. A diet plentiful in calcium salts and those accessory food substances known as vitamins should be taken 158 by the prospective mother; a diet rich in bone making and protective elements. Such a diet is available to the poorest, certainly to all people of Barking, and advice on such selected foods is given, the simplest and most easily procurable foods being recommended. |
a01f7219-bc7d-4a75-b0d2-6b423416924b | Most domestic dietaries contain them, but, unfortunately, their more frequent use is hindered by prepared foods made more palatable or easier of preparation but lacking in food value. Eggs, milk, butter, cheese, herrings, sprats, vitaminised margarine for those who cannot afford butter, liver, carrots, tomatoes, watercress, are all of excellent vitamin A and D value, and could be assisted by fish roes and cod liver oil. It is interesting to notice the improvement in the hardness of decayed areas in the teeth of under-age children treated at this clinic when put on cod liver oil for six months, and in this respect it is quite proper to regard the administration of vitamin D not only as a preventive but as a cure in cases not too far advanced. |
d6ecf9ff-eed4-4b4d-a3db-6fbc2f0c7a78 | Parents should also realise that the dreaded pyorrhoea of adult life is a deficiency disease contracted in childhood and manifested in later life, and its prevention can be effected by a diet rich in vitamin A. From the very spare list given above of food of sound dietetic value it seems that dental disease should prove a rapidly decreasing disease, but it is a matter that needs broadcasting to the people of Barking as much as other places if the present dental condition of young mothers and young children is to be accepted as a criterion of the dental-mindedness of the population. My thanks are again due to the Medical, Nursing, Visiting and Teaching Staffs for their excellent co-operation and propaganda work during the year, work which has proved itself by the considerably lessened number of refusals and by the increasing number who favourably reconsider a first refusal. I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, W. H. FOY, L.D.S., R.C.S. (Eng.), Public Dental Officer. |
ba8e389a-0d2d-4e0b-a9ed-bf4c957bf07b | Barking Town Urban District Council. 159 SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE. TABLE I.—RETURN OF MEDICAL INSPECTIONS. A.—Routine Medical Inspections. Number of Code Group Inspections: Entrants 949 Intermediates 975 Leavers 543 Total 2467 Number of other Routine Inspections 234 B.—Other Inspections. Number of Special Inspections 225 Number of Re-inspections 2633 Total 2858 160 TABLE II. (A)—RETURN OF DEFECTS FOUND BY MEDICAL INSPECTION IN THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1930. Defect or Disease. Routine Inspections. Special Inspections. No. of Defects. No. of Defects. Requiring Treatment. Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. Requiring Treatment. Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. (1) (2) (3) (4) |
d46e7f62-7599-48ce-a940-01a81d533b09 | (8) Malnutrition 7 41 6 Uncleanliness — — — — Skin Ringworm—Scalp — — — — Body — — — — Scabies 1 — — — Impetigo 6 — 1 — Other Diseases (NonTuberculous) 5 2 1 1 Eye Blepheritis 2 — — — Conjunctivitis 2 — — — Keratitis 2 — 1 — Corneal Opacities — — 1 — Defective Vision (excluding Squint) 122 68 18 7 Squint 14 16 6 3 Other Conditions 1 — — — Ear Defective Hearing 4 — 3 2 Otitis Media 12 3 2 1 Other Ear Disease — — 1 — Nose and Throat Enlarged Tonsils only 143 229 8 7 Adenoids only 6 8 1 1 Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 82 90 |
f87813a9-5076-42b5-86e4-383b1b6e3446 | 9 4 Other Conditions 3 6 2 I Enlarged Cervical Glands (NonTuberculous 1 61 — 12 Defective Speech 1 2 — 3 Teeth—Dental Diseases 72 (found, but not referred) (See Table IV. Group IV.) Heart and Circulation. Heart Disease: Organic — 21 — 3 Functional — 41 — 10 Aniemia 6 10 1 1 Lungs Bronchitis 8 55 2 4 Other Non-Tuberculous Diseases 1 6 1 3 161 TABLE II.—Continued. Defect or Disease. Routine Inspections. Special Inspections No. of Defects. No. of Defects. Requiring Treatment Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment Requiring Treatment. Requiring to be kept under observation, but not requiring Treatment. |
eb83315b-7237-405f-94a1-99895e17de2a | (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Tuberculosis r Pulmonary: Definite — 2 — — Suspected — 3 — — Non-Pulmonary: Glands — 5 — 2 Spine — — — — Hip — — — — Other Bones and Joints — — — — Skin — — — — Other Forms — 1 — — Nervous System Epilepsy — 2 — 1 Chorea — 3 — 3 Other Conditions 1 2 — — Deformities Rickets — 2 — — Spinal Curvature 13 8 1 2 Other Forms 5 15 3 3 Other Defects and Diseases 10 62 8 54 162 TABLE II.—Continued. (B.)—Number of Individual Children FOUND AT Routine MEDICAL INSPECTION TO REQUIRE TREATMENT (EXCLUDING UNCLEANLINESS AND DENTAL DISEASES). Group. Number of Children. |
bef1ba54-bb0e-42e3-b968-50fce7dc1c87 | Percentage of Children found to require treatment. Inspected. Found to require treatment (1) (2) (3) (4) CODE GROUPS: Entrants 949 155 16.4 Intermediates 975 176 18.1 Leavers 543 90 16.6 Total (Code Groups) 2467 421 17.1 Other Routine Inspections 234 23 9.8 163 TABLE III.—RETURN OF ALL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN THE AREA. Boys. Girls. Total. Blind (including partially blind.) (I.) Suitable for training in a School or Class for the totally blind. Attending Certified Schools or Classes for the Blind — — — Attending Public Elementary Schools — — — At other Institutions — — — At no School or Institution... — — — (II.) Suitable for training in a School or Class for the partially blind. |
9db7309b-7336-49d1-b699-04c25a437866 | Attending Certified Schools or Classes for the Blind — 1 1 Attending Public Elementary Schools 1 — 1 At other Institutions — — — At no School or Institution — — — Deaf (including deaf and dumb and partially deaf.) (I.) Suitable for training in a School or Class for the totally deaf or deaf and dumb. Attending Certified Schools or Classes for the Deaf 2 3 5 Attending Public Elementary Schools — — — At other Institutions — — — At no School or Institution 1 — 1 (II.) Suitable for training in a School or Class for the partially deaf. Attending Certified Schools or Classes for the Deaf — — — Attending Public Elementary Schools — — — At other Institutions — — — . At no School or Institution — — — Mentally Defective Feebleminded (cases not notifiable to the Local Control Authority.) |
4ba9d723-d68b-4db7-bdc2-44913bd45087 | Attending Certified Schools for Mentally Defective Children 29 20 49 Attending Public ElementarySchools 1 1 At other Institutions — — — At no School or Institution — — — Notified to the Local Control Authority during the year. Feeble-minded See Form 307M Imbeciles Idiots Epileptics. Suffering from severe Epilepsy. Attending Certified Special Schools for Epileptics — 1 1 In Institutions other than Certified Special Schools — — — Attending Public Elementary Schools — — — At no School or Institution — — — Suffering from Epilepsy which is not severe. Attending Public Elementary Schools 2 3 5 At no School or Institution — — — 164 TABLE III.—continued. Boys. Girls. Total. Infectious pulmonary and glandular tuberculosis. |
0b3e3a8c-3112-4581-972c-30e77fef864b | At Sanatoria or Sanatorium Schools approved by the Ministry of Health or the Board of Education 1 1 2 At other Institutions — — — At no School or Institution — 1 1 Non-infectious. but active pulmonary and glandular tuberculosis. At Sanatoria or Sanatorium Schools approved by the Ministry of Health or the Board of Education 2 — — At Certified Residential Open Air Schools — — — At Certified Day Open Air Schools — 1 1 At Public Elementary Schools 1 — 1 At other Institutions — 1 1 At no School or Institution — 1 1 Physically Defective. Delicate children (e.g., preor latent tuberculosis, malnutrition debility, anaemia, etc.) At Certified Residential Open Air Schools — — — At Certified Day Open Air Schools 53 73 126 At Public Elementary Schools 11 10 21 At other Institutions — — — At no School or Institution. — 1 1 Active non-pulmonary tuberculosis. |
9b2fb962-ed03-46da-b742-c3adf3b3ba2c | At Sanatoria or Hospital Schools approved by the Ministry of Health or the Board of Education 2 1 3 At Public Elementary Schools — — — At other Institutions 1 — 1 At no School or Institution 1 — 1 Crippled Children (other than those with active tuberculous disease), e.g., children suffering from paralysis, etc. and including those with severe heart disease. At Certified Hospital Schools — — — At Certified Residential Cripple Schools — — At Certified Day Cripple Schools 22 17 39 At Public Elementary Schools — — — At other Institutions — — — At no School or Institution 1 1 2 165 FORM 307M. — STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1930, BY THE LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITY TO THE LOCAL MENTAL DEFICIENCY AUTHORITY. Total No. of Children Notified A nalysis of the above Total. 3 Diagnosis. |
9b1b1660-a32b-4ca6-ad0f-d09192c92a61 | Boys. Girls. 1 (i) Children incapable of receiving benefit or further benefit from instruction in a Special School:— (a) Idiots — — (b) Imbeciles — — (c) Others 1 — (ii) Children unable to be instructed in a Special School without detriment to the interests of other children:— (a) Moral Defectives — — (b) Others 1 — 2. Feeble-minded children notified on leaving a Special School on or before attaining the age of 16 1 3. Feeble-minded children notified under Article 3, i.e., "special circumstances" cases — — Note.—No child should be notified under Article 3 until the Board have issued a formal certificate (Form 308M) to the Authority. 4. Children who in addition to being mentally defective were blind or deaf — — Note.—No blind or deaf child should be notified without reference to the Board—see Article 2, proviso (ii.) |
a2b66353-6e47-4f1e-b711-8f9132614788 | GRAND TOTAL 3 — 166 TABLE IV.—TREATMENT TABLE. GROUP 1.—Minor Ailments (excluding Uncleanliness, for which see Group V.). Disease or Defect. Number of Defects treated, or under treatment during the year. Under the Authority's Scheme. Otherwise. Total 1 2 3 4 Skin:- Ringworm—Scalp 3 — 3 Body 9 — 9 Scabies 5 — 5 Impetigo 400 2 402 Other Skin Diseases 75 4 79 Minor Eye Defects 118 8 126 (External and other, but excluding cases falling in Group II.) Minor Ear Defects 107 4 111 Miscellaneous 1798 2 1800 (e.g., minor injuries, bruises, sores, chilblains, etc.). |
149b8864-d242-4929-8310-55eb6bf7a127 | Total 2515 20 2535 167 GROUP II.—Defective Vision and Squint (excluding Minor Eye Defects Treated as Minor Ailments—Group I.) Defect or Disease. Under Authority's Scheme. Number of defects dealt with. Submitted to refraction by private practitioner or at hospital apart from the Authority's Scheme. Otherwise Total. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Errors of Refraction (including Squint). Operations for Squint should be recorded separately in the body of the report 138 50 - 188 Other Defects or Diseases of the eyes (excluding those recorded in Group I.) |
2fd19e4c-c69d-45a9-ab3e-da6d46ce20ae | - — — — Total 138 50 - 188 Total number of children for whom spectacles were pre scribed:- (a) Under the Authority's Scheme 137 (b) Otherwise 34 Total number of children who obtained or received spectacles:— (a) Under the Authority's Scheme 135 (b) Otherwise 34 GROUP III.—Treatment of Defects of Nose and Throat. NUMBER OF DEFECTS. Received Operative Treatment. Received other forms of treatment. Total number treated Under the Authority's Scheme, in Clinic or Hospital. By Private Practitioner or Hospital, apart from the Authority's Scheme. Total. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 314 67 381 12 393 168 GROUP IV.—Dental Delects. (1) Number of Children who were:— (a) Inspected by the Dentist. |
78817a7a-99b8-4a6a-bb94-f988b072e1b5 | Routine Age Groups— Age 5 23 6 164 7 169 8 153 9 175 10 203 11 166 12 162 13 191 14 239 Total 1645 Specials 74 Grand Total 1719 (b) Found to require treatment 1352 (c) Actually treated 3138 (d) Re-treated during the year as the result of periodical examination 2320 (2) Half-days devoted to - Inspection 13 Treatment 363 Total 376 (3) Attendances made by children for Treatment 3138 (4) Fillings—Permanent Teeth 1166 Temporary Teeth 142 Total 1308 (5) Extractions- Permanent Teeth 300 Temporary Teeth 1869 Total 2169 (6) Administrations of General Anaesthetics for Extractions 704 (7) Other Operations- Permanent Teeth Temporary Teeth 1952 169 GROUP V.—Uncleanliness and Verminous Conditions. |
3ffed9d9-03b9-4140-924b-9565f626222a | (i) Average number of visits per school made during the year by the School Nurses 3 (ii) Total number of examinations of children in the schools by School Nurses 18397 (iii) Number of individual children found unclean 1490 (iv) Number of children cleansed under arrangements made by the Local Education Authority 58 (v) Number of cases in which legal proceedings were taken:- (а) Under the Education Act, 1921 - (b) Under School Attendance Bye-laws - R9/71 |
88d81a8c-0148-443e-9329-f92f4a02bfd8 | Bark 25 BOROUGH OF BARKING REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER. OF HEALTH For the Year 193 1 C.LEONARD WILLIAMS, B.Sc. Hons. (Lend.), M.R.C S. (Eng.) LJR.C.P., D.P.H. (Camb.) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page STAFF 8 INTRODUCTION 9 SECTION 1.—STATISTICS AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE AREA. |
c42b3e0f-6f5f-4515-aa73-4558ccb55e5f | Age Mortality 14 Asbestosis 17 Births 10, 11, 12, 17 Births, Notification of 17 Deaths 10-16 Deaths, Causes of (Tables) 14, 15, 16 Death Certificates 13 General Statistics 10 Illegitimate Births 10, 17 Industries 17 Infantile Mortality 10, 11, 12, 16 Infantile Mortality (Table) 16 Inquests 14 Marriages 16 Overcrowding 17 Poisonous Gas 17 Psittacosis 17 Rheumatic Affections 17 Sickness, Causes of 17 Smallpox 17 Social Conditions 17 Still-births 10, 17 Transport 17 Vital Statistics 10, 11, 12 Zymotic Diseases, Deaths from 14 SECTION 2.—GENERAL PROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN THE AREA. |
f2a8d4f9-31a3-4660-8ec2-ce2a1ffc73a6 | Adoptive Acts 21 Ambulance Attendant 29 Ambuluncc Facilities 29 Bye-Laws 22 Clinic and Treatment Centres30, 31, 32 Counties' Laboratory 21 Homeless Children, Institutional provision for 29 Hospital Services 22-28 Hospital Services, Tables of 23-26 3 SECTION 2—Continued Page Infectious Diseases Nursing 19 Illegitimate Infants, Institutional provision for 29 Laboratory Facilities 21 Legislation Relating to Public Health 21, 22 Local Acts 21 Local Government Act, 1929 30 Maternal Mortality 28, 29 Maternity Cases 9 Maternity Homes 28 Maternity Ward, Municipal Hospital 22, 27, 28 Mental Defectives, Institutional provision for 29 Midwifery 19, 20 Midwives, Supervision of 19,20 Municipal Hospital 22, 27, |
4da9a373-b21f-45bd-9cb1-de9da27b2ca3 | 28 National Health Insurance 20 Nursing Homes 28 Nursing in the Home 19 Plaistow Maternity Charity 19 Poor Law Medical Out-Relief 20 Private Medical Practitioners, Co-operation of 20 Public Assistance Committee 20 Public Hospital Services 23-20 Puerperal Fever and Pyrexia 29 Regulations 21 Smallpox Hospital Arrangements 22 Special Acts and Orders 22 Specimens submitted to Laboratory for Examination 21 Unmarried Mothers, Institutional provision for 29 Voluntary Hospital Services 23-26 SECTION 3.—SANITARY CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AREA. Cesspools 34 Closet Accommodation 34, 37 Common Lodging Houses 42 Creekmouth Generating Station 42 Dampness 37 Defects found under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901 40 Drainage and Sewerage 34, 37 Dustbin Maintenance 37 Dwelling Houses, Inspection of 35 Factories, Inspection of 36, |
2b17ea08-f4c0-471a-ba1d-1c9cdbcef04d | 39 Factory and Workshop Act, 1901 39, 40, 41 Fouling by Dogs 35 Home Work 40 Houses Let in Lodgings 42 Miscellaneous Sanitary Inspections 36 Miscellaneous Sanitary Work carried out 38 4 SECTION 3—Continued Page Northern Outfall Sewage Works 34 Notices Served 38 Offensive Trades 43 Old Clothes 44 Out-workers 41 Pail Closets 34 Parks and Open Spaces 44 Piggeries 43 Port of London Authority 33 Premises Controlled by Bye-laws and Regulations 42, 43, 44 Premises and Occupations controlled by Bye-;aws and Regulations 36 Privies 34 Rag Flock Acts, 1911 and 1928 44 Rainfall 33 Refuse Disposal 34, 35 Refuse Storage and Collection 34, 35 Refuse Tips 43 Registered Workshops 41 Repairs, General 38 Rivers and Streams 33 Sanitary Inspection of the Area 35-41 Sanitary Work, |
3d271cc7-1601-41ed-a133-948da89543cf | Summary of 37, 38, 40 Scavenging 34, 35 Schools 44 School Closure 44 Schools, Sanitary Inspection of 44 Sinks 37 Smoke Abatement 42 Stables 44 Street Cleansing 35 Tents, Vans and Sheds 42 Trade Refuse 35 Underground Sleeping-rooms 42 Water Supply 33, 37 Workplaces, Inspection of 36, 39 Workshops, Inspection of 36, 39 Yard Paving 37 SECTION 4.—HOUSING. |
355509bb-a341-4da4-a44e-8c94b650451c | Closing and Demolition Orders 46, 47 Fitness of Houses 49 Houses Built hi the District, 1926—1931 48 Houses Erected during the Year 45 Housing Conditions 47 Housing Defects Remedied 46 Housing Inspections 45 Housing Statistics 45-50 5 SECTION 4.—Continued Page Housing Supply and Demand 49 Inhabited Houses, Number of 47 Proceedings under Public Health Acts 46 Proceedings under the Housing Act, 1925 46,47 Proceedings under the Housing Act, 1930 46 Shed Structures 47 Small Dwellings Acquisition Act 47 Unfit Dwelling Houses 45 Unhealthy Areas 49, 50 SECTION 5.—INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD. |
20ec3621-1ecf-450e-ba6e-c9575b973b56 | Adulteration of Food 55 Animals Slaughtered 53 Baeteriogical Examination of Ice-cream 53 Bacteriological Examination of Milk 51,52 Bottling of Milk 52 Chemical Examination of Food 55 Diseased Meat Destroyed 54 Food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, 1928 55 Graded Milk Licences Granted 52 Ice-cream 53 Meat and Other Foods 53, 54 / Milk and Dairies Amendment Act, 1922 51 Milk (Special Designations) Order, 1923 52 Milk Supply 51, 52 Nutrition 55 Prosecutions 52 Slaughter-houses 53 Tuberculous Milk 52 Unsound Food Destroyed 54 SECTION 6.—PREVALENCE OF AND CONTROL OVER INFECTIOUS AND OTHER DISEASES. Admissions to Isolation Hospital (Table) 68 Cancer 65, 66 Cancer, Occupations of Fatal Cases (Table) 66 Cancer, |
c13f5a85-3944-4578-bc0a-c2bb38f1e190 | Organs affected in Fatal Cases of (Table) 66, 67 Chicken-pox 65 Diphtheria 61 Diphtheria, Immunization against 70 Diphtheria Notifications (Monthly Summary Table) 61 Diseases Notifiable 58 Dysentery 62 Encephalitis Lethargies 62 Enteric Fever 64 Erysipelas 65 6 SECTION 6—Continued Page Hospital Accommodation for Infectious Diseases 68, 69 Infectious Diseases 57-68 Infectious Diseases (Tables) 57, 59, 60, 61 Influenza 67 Isolation Hospital 68, 69 , Malaria 62 Measles 65, 69 Mosquitoes 71 Natural History Society 71 Non-notiliable Acute Infectious Diseases 65, 66, 67 Notifiable Infectious Diseases 57-65 Notifications classified according to Wards (Table) 59, 60 Pathological Specimens, |
b7b8169b-76fe-474e-86cc-060635e102d1 | Examination of 70 Pneumonia 62 Psittacosis 65 Puerperal Fever and Pyrexia 64, 65 Rat Repression 71 Rheumatic Fever 65 Scarlet Fever 62 Scarlet Fever Notifications (Monthly Summary Table) 61 Small-pox 62 Summer Diarrhoea 65 Tuberculosis 62, 63, 64 Tuberculosis Dispensary 63 Tuberculosis Register 64 Tuberculosis, New Cases and Deaths (Table) 62 Unnotified Fatal Cases of Tuberculosis 64 Vaccination 70 Verminous Persons, Cleansing and Disinfection of 70 Whooping Cough 65 SECTION 7.—MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE. Ante-Natal Clinics 74 Artificial Sunlight Clinic 84 Baths for Expectant Mothers 84,87 Birth Notifications 73 Birth Rate 74 Children Act, 1908, Part 1 81 Convalescent Treatment 81, 87 Dental Clinic 82, 93 . |
77d7fd2c-4a4c-43b2-9e04-711287cf2241 | Dental Surgeon, Report of 92, 93 Dental Treatment 81,87 Eye Defects 81 Facilities for Treatment 81 Foster Children 81, 82 Health Visitors, Work of 30 Illegitimacy 82 Infantile Mortality 76-77 7 SECTION 7.—Continued Page Infantile Mortality, Years 1891-1931 (Table) 77 Infant Welfare Clinics, Work of 73, 80 Maternal Mortality 70 Maternal Mortality, Years 1926-1931 70 Maternity Ward, Municipal Hospital 74, 75 Meals to Expectant and Nursing Mothers 84, 85, 87 Minor Ailments 81, 87 Neo-Natal Mortality 78 Non-Notified Births 73 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 79 Ophthalmia Neonatorum (Table) 79 Orthopaedic Clinic 82, 83 Orthopaedic Treatment 81, 87 Provision of Dried Milk, etc. |
a3bece7f-1810-4d46-87af-b2277eddaa49 | 80,87 Provision of Fresh Milk 85,87 Provision of Spectacles 87 Puerperal Fever and Pyrexia 70 Registration and Notification of Births 73 Services provided for Mothers and Children under five years 87 St. Albans Clinic 73 Still Births 78, 79 Toddlers' Refraction Clinic 81 Tonsils and Adenoids 81, 87 Ultra Violet Light Treatment 87 RECOMMENDATIONS, SUMMARY OF (1927-1931) 88-91 8 STAFF, 1931. Medical Officer of Health, School Medical Officer, Medical Superintendent, Isolation Hospital, and District Tuberculosis Officer : C. LEONARD WILLIAMS, B.Sc. Hons. (Lond.), M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P., D.P.H. (Cambs.). Asst. Medical Officers of Health and Asst. |
f1587a57-1a90-489d-8dd6-57c5cb60b1f0 | School Medical Officers: J. GWEN BEVAN, B.Sc., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Resigned 13th July, 1931.) HILDA C. DEAN, M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H. EDITH A. WHITNEY, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H. (Commenced 1st August, 1931.) Orthopaedic Surgeon (Part Time): B. WHITCHURCH HOWELL, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S. Dental Surgeons: W. H. FOY, L.D.S., R.C.S. (Eng.). H. HAZELL, L.D.S., R.C.S. (Eng.). (Commenced 1st April, 1931.) Sanitary Inspectors: N. BAST ABLE (Chief Sanitary Inspector) (b, c, d and f). |
ed57e17f-ff49-40f1-ba09-07ca3258c97d | II. CARR (Sanitary Inspector) (b, c, c and m). C. S. COOK (Sanitary Inspector) (b and c). R. II. WIGMORE (Sanitary Inspector) (b and c). (Commenced 14th April, 1931.) Health Visitors: Mrs. G. STOKES (g and ???). Mrs. M. W. WALTON (a, h and l). Miss G. ELLIOTT (a, h and I). Miss E. M. CROSS (b, g, h and i). Matron, Isolation Hospital: Miss M. J. HEDGCOCK (h, i and j). Masseuse, Orthopcedic Clinic (Part Time): Miss A. E. FINDLAY, C.S.M.M.G. (k). Clerical Staff: Chief Clerk. F. READ. |
984a5145-8739-453f-8309-a4196464896f | C. G. EAGLESFIELD (Commenced 1st June, 1931.) D. G. TONKIN. Miss V. SIIEAD. Miss II. NUNN. Miss II. KING. A. J. STORER. .T. LACEY (Commenced 16/1/31.) (Resigned 16/6/31.) E. A. ELLIS (Commenced 5th October, 1931). Disinfector and Mortuary Attendant: H. LONG. (a) Sanitary Inspector's Certificate of Sanitary Inspectors Examination Board. (b) Sanitary Inspector's Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute. (c) Meat, etc., Inspector's Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute. (d) Smoke Inspector's Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute. (e) Building Inspector's Certificate of Worshipful Company of Carpenters. |
6562f5bc-836e-4d85-9a0c-0f7f532bb5a7 | (f) Sanitary Science Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute. (g) Health Visitor's Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute. (h) Certificate of Central Midwives' Board. (i) General Hospital Training. (j) General Fever Training. (k) Certificate M.E. and S.R.E. (l) Health Visitor's Diploma of Board of Education. (m) Smoke Inspector's Certificate, L.C.C. School of Engineering. 9 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Medical Officer of Health for the Borough of Barking, in the County of Essex, for the Year ended 31st December, 1931. PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICES, BARKING, ESSEX. July, 1932. To the Mayor, Aldermen and Councillors of the Borough of Barking. Mr. Mayor, Mrs. Jackson and Gentlemen, Herewith I beg to submit for your favourable consideration my Report as Medical Officer of Health for the year ended 31st December, 1931. |
044555ef-7337-487d-8a62-e6abc07b96c9 | This Report is drawn up in accordance with Circular 1206, 1931, from the Ministiy of Health. There is a growing tendency for some matters affecting the health of the town to be referred to a joint sub-committee comprised of members of the Health Committee and the Education Committee. This, so far as it goes, is a welcome step towards unification, but I do suggest to you that the time is approaching when all these matters relating to health should be under one Committee. This Report will show the increase which has taken place in the work of the Health Sn vices, and I do hope that suitable increases in the staff, particularly the medical staff, will enable us to maintain the satisfactory services you have carried out in the past. I am, Mr. Mayor, Mrs. Jackson and Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, C. LEONARD WILLIAMS, Medical Officer of Health. 10 SECTION 1. STATISTICS AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE AREA. 1. General Statistics. |
4141b99f-d24e-4bc7-b894-af3000f911a5 | Area (acres) 4,106 Ward areas 3,806 Tidal Water H.W.M. Thames 240 Hoding 58 Loxford Wa???er 2 300 4,106 Population (1931 Census) 51,277 Population (June, 1931) (Registrar-General's Estimate) 51,830 Number of Inhabited Houses, March, 1932, according to Rate Hooks:— Houses 13,396 Shops 975 Total 14,371 Population Density, i.e., No. of persons per acre 12.6 Rateable Value—General £466,090 0 0 Sum represented by a penny rate £1,784 0 0 Education rates:- Elementary Secondary Included in General Rate Figure 3 10½ 6 ½ General Rate 14 0 2. Extracts from Vital Statistics for the Year. Live Births:— Total. Males. Females . Birth Rate. |
dad66865-7eaf-493c-98ef-f8193082b410 | Legitimate 926 475 451 17.9 Illegitimate 21 13 8 8.4 Total 947 488 459 18.3 Still Births:— Rate per 1,000 total births:— Legitimate 32 17 15 34.7 Illegitimate 2 — 2 Deaths 536 278 258 — Death Rate 10.3. Percentage of total deaths occurring in public institutions, 41.6. Number of women dying in, or in consequence of, childbirth:— From Sepsis. From other causes. Total. 13 4 Number of deaths of infants under one year of age:— Males. Females. Total. Death Rate. Total Infantile Deatn Rate. |
960b488c-9e2f-49d8-bfcd-3b043ffad49c | Legitimate 32 27 59 63.7 64.4 Illegitimate 1 1 2 95.2 Number of deaths from Measles (all ages) 1 „ „ Whooping Cough (all ages) 4 „ „ Diarrhoea (under 2 years of age) 6 11_12. 3. BIRTH RATE, DEATH RATE, AND ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1931. (Provisional figures.) (The mortality rates for England and Wales refer to the whole population but for London and the towns to civilians only.) — Rate per 1,000 Total Population. Annual Death Rate per 1,000 Population. Rate per 1,000 Live Births. Percentage of Total Deaths. Live Births. Still-births. All Causes. Enteric Fever. Small-pox. Measles. Scarlet Fever. Whooping Cough. |
2ea0934e-769a-4709-9e80-14e915131c21 | Diphtheria. Influenza. Violence. Diarrhoea and Enteritis (under two years). Total Deaths under one year. Certified by Registered Medical Practitioners. Inquest Cases. Certified by Coroner after P.M. No Inquest. Uncertified Causes of Death. England and Wales 15.8 0.67 12.3 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.36 0.54 6.0 66 91.18 6.17 1.70 0.95 107 County Boroughs and Great Towns, including London 16.0 0.67 12.3 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.33 0.48 8.4 71 91.43 5. |
201f255b-8864-4ce4-be72-3ba3492a61eb | 84 2.24 0.49 159 Smaller Towns (1921 Adjusted Populations,20,00050,000) 15.6 0.73 11.3 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.36 0.43 4.0 62 92.17 5.49 1.25 1.09 London 15.0 0.50 12.4 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.06 0 .26 0.57 9.7 65 89.52 6.23 4.24 0.01 BARKING 18.3 0.66 10.33 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.14 0.59 0.62 6. |
7bdd3160-f9fb-4711-85e1-a50bee60496c | 34 64 79.3 7.5 13.2 0.00 Puerperal Sepsis. Others. Total. The maternal mortality rates for England and Wales are as follows per 1,000 Live Births „ „ Total Births 1.60 1.59 2.45 2.35 4.11 3.95 4. VITAL STATISTICS OF WHOLE DISTRICT FROM 1925 TO 1931. Year. Population estimated to Middle of each Year. Births. Total Deaths Registered in the District. Transferable Deaths Net Deaths belonging to the District. Nett. Of Nonresidents registered in the District. Of residents registered out of the District. Under One year of age. At all Ages. Number. Rate. Number. Rate. Number. Rate per 1,000 Net Births. Number. Rate. |
11e8d09c-e53f-407e-99a5-b3866242c5a1 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1925 38,450 825 21.4 287 7.4 8 107 66 80.0 386 10.0 1926 38,920 818 21.0 259 6.6 11 118 49 59.9 366 9.4 1927 39,900 710 17.7 251 6.2 7 162 47 66.1 406 10.1 1928 40,870 805 19.7 276 6.7 6 144 51 63.3 414 10.1 1929 42,160 787 18.7 291 6.9 8 152 42 53.4 435 10.3 1930 45,000 799 17. |
141eb41a-c197-4f6e-a776-69c0622d4283 | 75 256 3.68 7 186 40 61.3 435 9.7 1931 51,830 947 18.3 328 6.3 7 213 61 64.4 536 10.3 13 5. DEATHS. (a) General.—There were 328 deaths registered in Barking in 1931. Of these 7 were deaths of non-residents. Barking residents to the number of 215 died elsewhere during the year. Including the latter and excluding the deaths of visitors, the net number of deaths was as follows:— Males. Females. Total. |
f52edb64-cfce-4375-b1d8-179767df2fcf | 278 258 536 The death rate for 1931 was 10.3 per 1,000, compared with 9.7 in 1930, 12.3 for England and Wales, 12.3 for the hundred and seven Great Towns, 11.8 for the hundred and fifty-nine Smaller Towns, and 12.4 for London. In the year 1926, the Government of the day set to work and brought in a Bill to deal with the registration of deaths. The Bill was passed and the Act conferred certain powers on Coroners. Thus Coroners may now order a post-mortem to be carried out and a report to be made to them without of necessity, as heretofore, holding an open inquest on such a case. |
08d5138f-8511-470a-9f66-97f0beb05e3a | In accordance with the Act, the form of certification of death has been altered and the list of approved diagnoses which it is permissible to use on death certificates has been brought more up to date and provision was supposed to have been made for such certification to be secret. It is obvious that unless certification is secret the hands of the certifying doctor are tied. He can hardly be expected to write on a piece of paper that an affectionate husband and devoted father actually died from syphilis or some similar complaint, and there are other ways in which practitioners are likely to find themselves in similar difficulties which their own humanity and delicacy constrain them to evade in one way or another. |
308c5991-ad85-40a2-9d7a-b2f0a9cd7bd1 | The curious thing is that interests somewhere have brought the whole purpose of this secrecy to no avail, because whereas under the new Act the people themselves are only officially given a note to the registrar, assuring the registrar that a detailed certificate is on the way, these same relatives can—and at the instigation 6f some business companies often do—go to the registrar and for a small sum of money obtain a copy of the detailed certificate, which, when the Bill was before Parliament, was originally intended to be secret. Until these certifications of death are really secret the actual value of statistics prepared from them is doubtful from any public health standpoint. 14 (b) Age Mortality.—The deaths in various age groups, according to the figures obtained locally, were as follows:— Age Group. No. of Deaths. |
7ef0f954-8232-4e92-b669-97022b07c68e | Under 1 year 61 1 to 2 years 8 2 to 5 years 15 5 to 15 years 17 15 to 25 years 26 25 to 45 years 86 45 to 65 years 129 Over 65 years 194 (c) Causes of death in 1931.—The table on the next page shows the principal causes of death at various ages. Those diseases, etc., causing most deaths or important from a Public Health aspect were as follows:— . Disease. No. of Deaths. Percentage of total net deaths registered. |
2a7fe61b-1bc7-4b15-a169-ff5b9d8f6e8c | Cardio-vascular system 115 21.5 Cancer 55 10.3 Tuberculosis (all forms) 45 8.4 Pulmonary affections (exclusive of tuberculosis), viz., Bronchitis 33 6.2 Pneumonia (all forms) 32 6.0 Other respiratory diseases 8 1.5 Zymotic Diseases 20 3.7 (d) Deaths from Zymotic Diseases.—These diseases caused 3.7 per cent, of the total deaths, such deaths being caused in the following proportions:— Enteric Fever 1 Measles 1 Whooping Cough 4 Scarlet Fever 1 Diphtheria 7 Diarrhoea 6 Smallpox – (e) Inquests.—Coroner's inquests were held on 40 deaths. 15 (f) Causes of and ages of death during the year 1931. (Net Deaths.) Causes of Death. |
26c2e46e-c45b-495d-9b1f-f11a51b48bb3 | Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occurring in or beyond the district. Under one year 1 and under 5. |
8ccb4940-265e-4d1b-a8a6-a66df756982e | 5 and under 15 15 and under 25 25 and under 45 45 and under 65 65 and upwards Total Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers — — — — 1 — — 1 Measles — 1 — — — — — 1 Scarlet Fever — 1 — — — — — 1 Whooping Cough 3 1 — — — — — 4 Diphtheria — 5 2 — — — — 7 Influenza 2 — — 1 3 10 15 31 Encephalitis Lethargica — — — — — — — — Cerebro-Spinal Fever — — — — — — — — Tuberculosis of Respiratory System — — 1 10 22 6 1 40 Other Tuberculous Diseases 2 2 1 — — — — 5 Syphilis — — — — — 1 — 1 General Paralysis of the Insane, etc. |
b3201171-8b22-463c-85a6-c7569cb9e4ef | — — — — 1 3 — 4 Cancer — — — — 5 29 21 55 Diabetes — — — — — 1 3 4 Cerebral Haemorrhage — — — — 1 12 19 32 Heart Disease — — 1 1 8 22 65 97 Aneurysm — — — — — 1 2 3 Other Circulatory Diseases — — — — — 4 14 18 Bronchitis 3 2 — 1 3 3 21 33 Pneumonia 9 7 1 — 8 5 2 32 Other Respiratory Diseases — 1 — — 3 3 1 8 Peptic Ulcer — — — — 1 2 2 5 Diarrhoea, etc. |
bab5af37-d9c7-4a62-b221-f67cf63e3bb7 | (under two years) 5 1 — — — — — 6 Appendicitis — 2 2 — — — — 4 Cirrhosis of Liver — — — — — 1 1 2 Other Diseases of Liver — — — — 2 — 1 3 Other Digestive Diseases — — — 1 2 5 5 13 Acute and Chronic Nephritis — — 1 — 4 5 8 18 Puerperal Sepsis — — — 1 — — — 1 Other Puerperal Causes — — — — 3 — — 3 Congenital Debility, Premature Birth, etc. |
bfbc1599-74bd-4717-ab23-65d4364de571 | 31 — — — — — — 31 Senility — — — — — — — — Suicide — — — — 3 4 — 7 Other Violence 1 1 3 4 7 4 5 25 Other Defined Diseases 5 — 4 8 8 7 9 41 Causes ill-defined or unknown — — — — — — — — Totals 61 24 10 27 85 128 195 536 16 (g) Infant mortality during the year 1931. The following table gives the actual causes of death of children dying under one year of age. Net deaths from stated causes at various ages under one year:— Causes of Death. (All causes certified.) - Under 1 week. 1—2 weeks. 2—3 weeks. 3—4 weeks. Total under 4 weeks. 4 weeks and under 3 months. 3 months and under 6 months 6 months and under 9 months. |
65aac62e-c92e-4a58-b612-85d19f8710f8 | 9 months and under 12 months. Total under one year. Bronchitis — 1 1 — 2 — 1 — — 3 Congenital Debility — — — 1 1 1 — — — 2 Congenital Malformation 2 — — 2 4 1 2 — — 7 Convulsions 1 — — — 1 — — — — 1 Deficient inherent Vitality 2 — — — 2 — — — — 2 Diarrhoea and Vomiting — — — — — — — — 1 1 Gastro Enteritis 1 — — — 1 — 1 3 — 5 Influenza — — — — — — 1 — 1 2 Injury at Birth 1 — — — 1 — — — — 1 Marasmus — — — 1 1 1 — — — 2 Meningitis — — — — — 1 — 1 — 2 Operation — — — |
00cd52b6-44b5-4e38-a88c-0582db3ecf7e | — — — — — 1 1 Pneumonia — 1 — — 1 2 3 1 2 9 Premature Birth 12 2 2 — 16 1 — — — 17 T B. Meningitis — — — — — — 1 1 2 Want of Proper Attention at Birth 1 — — — 1 — — — — 1 Whooping Cough — — — — —• 2 — 1 — 3 Totals 20 4 3 4 31 9 9 6 6 61 Net Births in the year:— Legitimate 926 Illegitimate 21 947 Net Deaths in the year:— Legitimate 59 Illegitimate 2 61 6. MARRIAGES. The following table shows the number of marriages registered in the district and the marriage rate per 1,000 population for the years 1923 to 1931. Y ear. No. |
97d635de-f1e2-4f75-9bce-b9b66ba993ac | of Marriages. Rate per 1,000 Population. 1923 219 5.9 1924 208 5.4 1925 258 6.7 1926 249 6.3 1927 304 7.6 1928 311 7.6 1929 276 6.5 1930 287 6.4 1931 338 6.5 17 7. BIRTHS. The net number of births registered in 1931 was 947, affording an annual birth rate of 18.3 per 1,000 population, compared with 17.8 in 1930, 18.7 in 1929 and 19.7 in 1928. Of all births, 21 were illegitimate, giving a percentage of 2.2 of the total births. |
b68f0bac-290d-4793-82bc-d330dd7fe828 | Notification of Births Acts, 1907-1915.—Daring 1931 there were 901 births notified to the Medical Officer of Health, 696 being notified by midwives and 205 by parents and doctors. Twenty-three still-births were notified, 18 being notified by midwives and 5 by doctors and parents. Five still-births were not notified. 8. SOCIAL CONDITIONS. Barking has an industrial population, and this of course you will take into your consideration when arranging for your social services. The Industrial Exhibition held during the Charter celebrations showed the diversity of industries which are carried on in Barking. 9. CAUSES OF SICKNESS. With the exception that this year there have been ho cases of psittacosis, (Parrots Disease) the causes of sickness with which I dealt in detail last year apply equally truly for this year. |
4cb2b360-4fa3-4a0b-8875-34dcada4bc63 | There are considerable rheumatic affections in Barking ; transport is so bad as to be a serious nuisance ; the passing of the Workmen's Compensation (Silicosis and Asbestosis) Act, 1930, has not had time to make itself seriously felt; we still have from time to time poisonous hydrogen sulphide wafted into Barking from outside; overcrowding is still with us; and the public will not be protected against small-pox. Fortunately, what are commonly known as the ordinary infectious diseases have been lighter during the year under review. From time to time I have pointed out the deplorable condition under which the people travel in the electric trains from Barking, and equally deplorable are the conditions under which people queue up for 'buses, often in the rain, for long periods of time. The whole question of transport to and from Barking is one that does not brook delay. |
93f53581-356d-4395-afe6-31ac2751a39f | The arterial road can hardly be classed as one of the causes of sickness because the dangers lurking on this road so often lead to sudden death, but I do fecl that no report on the well-being of the people of the town would be complete if I did not call your attention to the large number of accidents which occur on this road. 19 SECTION 2. GENERAL PROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN THE AREA. 10. NURSING IN THE HOME. (a) General.—Last year I called attention to the fact that nursing in the home is carried out by the Plaistow Maternity Charity, and mentioned my information that this organisation does not receive from the public in Barking financial assistance comparable with the amount of work they are carrying out. Nursing in the home is equally important as other branches of nursing, and it is a sorry state of affairs that, owing to lack of support, this organisation has not been able to extend its activities to cover the increased population in Barking. |
521cf149-f3e0-4f50-9c8b-3c603a7febce | (b) Infectious Diseases.—In the event of an epidemic, the Council can provide nurses for such cases as may require to be nursed in their own homes. 11. MIDWIFERY. By agreement, dated January 1st, 1924, with the Plaistow Maternity Charity, the Council annually subsidise the Charity on any deficit from £300 in respect of 300 District Midwifery cases attended by the Charity reckoned at the rate of £1 per case. The takings of the Charity for the year ended December 31st, 1931, in respect of 240 cases, amounted to £249 19s. Od. leaving a balance due to the Charity from the Council of £50 1s. Od. |
a3802e79-5eb6-485f-9865-040006801eb9 | According to information obtained from the County Medical Officer, at the end of 1931 there were ten midwives practising in the district, three of which were employed by you at your Maternity Ward at Upney Lane, two under the Plaistow Maternity Charity, and five practising privately. During 1931 there were 931 maternity cases. 220 of these were conducted by the Plaistow Maternity Charity, 163 of them were conducted by your own midwives at Upney Hospital, leaving 548 which were dealt with by medical practitioners, private midwives or otherwise. It will be seen, therefore, that roughly one-half of the midwifery is already under your supervision, because not only is your Medical Officer of Health, Medical Superintendent of the maternity ward at Upney, but he is also on the Committee of Management of the Plaistow Maternity Charity. |
3f86e34c-4aab-419c-bd90-fef94012bb59 | 20 The whole question of providing an efficient midwifery service is a very difficult one in Barking, as indeed it is throughout the whole country. We have large, well-endowed hospitals, which are further supported by voluntary subscriptions and which conduct midwifery at an uneconomic price. Similarly, we have large training schools which are anxious to get cases to demonstrate midwifery to their pupils and at which midwifery is conducted at an uneconomic price. It is in these circumstances that people have come to value midwifery in terms of this uneconomic price, so that frankly it is difficult for a well-trained midwife to make a paying proposition of her profession. |
e07ccd2b-8fa4-4832-9729-9ea8e9a21623 | You very wisely in your admissions to your Maternity Home say that people who can afford to pay the actual cost shall be asked to pay the actual cost, and I feel that until all other organisations charge an economic rate to people who can afford to pay, the profession of midwifery will never attract a sufficient number of highly educated and well-trained women. It is very beautiful to think that there have been so many women who have sacrificed themselves in order to provide this necessary service for other women, but I doubt very much whether a business nation can afford to try to run such an important service largely on a voluntary basis. 12. NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE. You, as a Council, have nothing to do with National Health Insurance, but your Medical Officer is in personal touch with almost every medical practitioner in Barking, and this promotes a spirit of co-operation between the work of the National Health Insurance Commissioners and other departments of public medicine. 13. POOR LAW MEDICAL OUT-RELIEF. |
17291948-f8ff-4c86-8345-bd022434de66 | Similarly, your Medical Officer is in touch with the medical services maintained by the Public Assistance Committee, and once again I wish to thank Dr. O'Loughlin for the very courteous way in which he has co-operated with me on many occasions. 21 14. LABORATORY FACILITIES. The necessary laboratory work of the district is carried out by arrangement with the Essex County Council at the Counties' Laboratory, situated in Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.4, particulars of the number of specimens submitted for examination being supplied by the following table:— Specimen. Number examined. Diphtheria 3,304 Sputa 420 Typhoid 26 Ringworm 7 Miscellaneous 13 Total 3,770 In addition there were 22 biological examinations. 15. LEGISLATION RELATING TO PUBLIC HEALTH. (a) Local Acts: Barking Town Wharf Act, 1893. Barking Parish Act, 1888. |
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