Split (1)

train · 1.02M rows

ids stringlengths 36 36	texts stringlengths 1 1.43k
02f38cca-6f57-47dc-bdcd-2efeb7755e44	(b) General Adoptive Acts : Baths an 1 Wash-houses Acts, 1847, etc. Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act, 1889. Public Health Act (Amendment Act), 1890, Parts 2, 3 and 5. Public Health Act (Amendment Act), 1907, Pails 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9, and section 95 of Part 10. Local Government and other Officers' Superannuation Act, 1922. Public Health Act, 1925. (c) Regulations : Regulations as to Cemetery, 1902. Barking Town (Pneumonia) Regulations, 1924. 22 (d) Bye-laws with respect to : Nuisances, 1884. Common Lodging Houses, 1884. Offensive Trades, 1907 (revised 1924).
c6393b89-5ce6-412f-a449-356c921758ee	Houses let in lodgings, or occupied by members of more than one family, 1924. Public Baths, 1900. Tents, Vans, Sheds and similar structures, 1909. Paving of Open Spaces, 1901. Nuisances in connection with the removal of offensive matter, 1908. Employment of Children and Young Persons, 1921 (revised 1924). New Streets and Buildings, 1926. Slaughter Houses, 1890. Hospitals, 1897. Sanitary Conveniences, 1924. Pleasure Grounds, 1902. Mortuary, 1901.
a4a2b279-7d93-4ba0-93b4-9bf53aa8369e	(e) Among the Special Acts and Orders in force within the district, and important from a public health standpoint, are:— 1910.—Orders declaring the trades of fish-skin scraper, fish fryer, dealer by retail in rags, bones, skins, fat or other like articles in an offensive condition, blood drier, tanner, leather dresser, fat melter or fat extractor, glue maker, size maker, gut scraper, and oil boiler to be offensive trades, the last being so declared in 1925. 16. HOSPITALS. Hospitals provided or subsidised by the Local Authority : (a) Small-pox.—By arrangements with West Ham, small-pox cases have been dealt with at Orsett. This agreement with West Ham has terminated since the end of the year under review and alternative arrangements have been made. (b) Hospital Provision at Upney Lane.—You have two hospitals at Upney Lane—a maternity hospital and infectious diseases hospital—and you are building a new infectious diseases hospital.
2e7f6408-4db8-4e7c-9896-5f45a4e4ec6d	The maternity hospital is a galvanized iron building, and its outside is not unlike that of the well-known "Old Cottage," but, within, again like the same old cottage, everything is wondrous neat and clean. 23–24. TABLE I. Hospital Services, Public or voluntary within the District, which are used by the inhabitants of the Borough of Harking. Name of Hospital. Situation. Purpose. Total number of beds available. Management. Men Women Children Controlled by the Council of the Borough of Barking 1 Maternity Ward, Municipal Hospital Upney Lane, Barking, Essex Maternity — 12 — Borough of Barking 2 Municipal Hospital Upney Lane, Barking, Essex Isolation of general infectious diseases (excluding small-pox) 38 Borough of Barking Not controlled by the Council of the Borough of Harking 3 Brentwood Mental Hospital Brentwood, Essex Mental 716 1054 — Essex County Council 4 Brookfield Orthopaedic Hospital Hale End, Woodford Green,
0b002987-3ed2-4cbf-8073-ae9f1e17211f	Essex Orthopaedic — 30 Voluntary 5 City of London Hospital for Diseases of Heart and Lungs Victoria Park, E.2 Heart and Lung Diseases 85 88 8 Voluntary 6 Last Ham Memorial Hospital Shrewsbury Road, E.7 General Medical and General Surgical 34 34 20 Voluntary 7 Hast London Hospital for Children Glamis Road, Shadwell, E.1 Children — — 135 Voluntary 8 Golden Square Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital Golden Square, Piccadilly Circus, W.1 Ear, Nose and Throat 33 32 11 Voluntary 9 Guy's Hospital London Bridge, S.E.1 General Medical and General Surgical, etc. 299 287 63 Voluntary 10 Hospital for Kick Children Great Ormond Street, W.C.1.
66deee85-8139-4bff-b565-81d1ff8a0cc6	General Medical and General Surgical and Isolation (Children only) — 252 Voluntary 11 Joyce Green Hospital Dartford, Kent Isolation of Small-pox (Information not available) London County Council 12 King George Hospital Ilford, Essex General Medical and General Surgical 39 43 22 Voluntary 13 London Hospital Whitechapel Road, E.1 General Medical and General Surgical 377 373 89 Voluntary 14 London Lock Hospital and Home 283, Harrow Road, W.9 Maternity, Genito-Urinary and Venereal Diseases 36 78 44 Voluntary 15 London Skin Hospital 40, Fitzroy Square, W.1 Skin.
79e5ce7a-6416-42e6-9f4b-095cd324051f	(No in-patients) — — — Voluntary 16 Orsett Joint Small-pox Hospital Stifford Long Lane, Grays, Essex Small-pox 11 11 West Ham County Borough Council 17 Poplar Hospital for Accidents East India Dock Road, E.14 General Medical and General Surgical 56 30 26 Voluntary 18 Public Assistance Hospital Oldchurch Road, Romford, Essex General Medical, General Surgical, Children, Maternity, Tuberculosis, Chronic Sick, Mental and Orthopaedic 260 311 100 Essex County Council 19 Queen's Hospital for Children Hackney Road, Bethnal Green, E.2 Children — — 160 Voluntary 20 Queen Mary's Hospital for the East End Stratford.
ccb60e95-2b9a-4051-8e3d-366621b1d36b	E.15 General Medical and Surgical, Children, Maternity 61 111 45 Voluntary 21 Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital (Moorfields Eye Hospital) City Road, E.C.1 Ophthalmic 66 50 19 Voluntary 22 Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex Orthopaedic 45 70 345 Voluntary 23 St. Bartholomew's Hospital Smithfield, E.C.1 General Medical and Surgical, Children, Maternity, etc., Ophthalmic, Orthopaedic, Ear, Nose and Throat, and Septic, etc. 287 344 65 Voluntary 24 St. Mary s Hospital for Women and Children Upper Road, Plaistow, E.l3 General Medical and Surgical, Children, etc. — 27 44 Voluntary 25 Severalls Mental Hospital Mile End, Colchester Mental 717 1113 — Essex C.C. and Colchester B.C. 26.
377d0924-41fd-4441-bfa4-2a11d5e5411d	Westminster Hospital Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, S.W.1 General Medical and Surgical, Maternity, Ear, Nose and Throat, etc. 95 126 20 Voluntary In addition to the above Institutions, there are a number of Santoria to which tuberculous persons resident in Barking are admitted at the instance of the Essex County Council, under their scheme for the treatment of tuberculosis. ^ In the case of isolation and small-pox hospitals the bed accommodation has been given on the basis of 454 square feet per bed. 25—26 TABLE II. HOSPITAL S SERVICES, showing the number of beds for each purpose, and other facilities available. Name of Hospital Other facilities available Arrangements for pathological work Accident Chest (nontub.)
b826042f-60eb-462f-bd02-6194e7df352f	& Heart Children Chronic Sick Dental Dermatological Ear, Nose & Throat General Medical General Surgical Genito-urinary Gynaecological Infectious Diseases Isolation & Observation Maternity Mental Neurological Ophthalmic Orthopaedic Radium Septic Small-pox Tuberculosis Venereal Diseases Controlled by the Council of the Borough of Barking. Operative surgery, Dental, Nursing of Puerperal Fever and Pyrexia. Carried out at the Counties' Laboratory, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.4. 1 † Maternity Ward, Municipal Hospital – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12 – – – – – – – – – 2† Municipal Hospital – – – – – – – – – – – 38 – – – – – – – – – – – Operative surgery, Dental, Ear, Nose and Throat, Orthopaedic, Maternity, Puerperal Fever and Pyrexia, Ophthalmia Neonatorum.
5eb88a04-dcf7-43f0-af16-37ab882fa79d	Not controlled by the Council of the Borough of Barking. 3 Brentwood Mental Hospital – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1770 – – – – – – – — All specialised treatment available. Own Laboratory. 4 Brookfield Orthopaedic — – – – – – – – – – – – — – – – – 30 – – – – – Operative Surgery. Ultra-violet light Dental,Massage, X-rays, Ophthalmic No information. 5 City of London Hospital for Diseases of Heart and Lungs – 72 8 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 101 – Operative surgery, X-rays, Ultraviolet light, Dental, Massage, Ear, Nose and Throat, Radium. Own Laboratory.
c6ff85ab-f27b-43d3-a04a-d56c486c14d9	6 East Ham Memorial – – – – – – 4 40 36 – 8 – – – – – 4 – – – – – – Operative surgery, X-rays, Ultraviolet light, Dental, Electrical, Mas- Carried out at Clinical Research Association. 7 East London for Children – – 135 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – — – – All specialised treatment available. Own Laboratory. 8 Golden Square Throat, Nose and Ear – – – – – – 76 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Operative surgery, X-rays, Ultraviolet light,. Dental, Ophthalmic, Radium. Carried out by a Pathologist outside the Institution. 9 Guy's 58 – 14 – 4 6 33 179 150 10 24 – 40 21 4 9 24 19 8 – – – 9 All specialised treatment available.
a9cdcbf2-710c-425e-9c66-aa34a2ecd4d0	Own Laboratories. 10 Hospital for Sick Children – – – – – – 18 106 121 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7 All specialised treatment available. Own Laboratory. 11 Joyce Green Hospital (Isolation of Smallpox). No information available from the London County Council. (No information available from the L.C.C.) No information avail- 12 King George Hospital – – 22 – – – – 27 55 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Operative surgery, X-rays, Dental (as casualty), Ophthalmic, Massage, Ear, Nose and Throat, Radium, Gynaecological, Neurological, Dermatological. Own Laboratory. 13 The London – – – – – – 28 306 338 – 28 – 94 21 – – 24 – – – – – – All specialised treatment available. Own Laboratories.
a4597041-95f4-4272-993f-831493d98497	14 London Lock Hospital – – 41 – – – – – – 18 – – – 11 6 – 5 – – – – – 77 Operative surgery, Ultra-violet light, Dental, Ophthalmic, Massage, Ophthalmia Neonatorum. Own Pathologist. 15 London Skin Hospital – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Skin diseases only. (No in-patients.) Ultra-violet light, X-rays. Own Laboratory. 16 Orsett Joint Smallpox – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 22 – – Small-pox only. 17 Poplar Hospital for Accidents – – – – – – – 34 78 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Operative surgery, X-rays, Ultraviolet light, Dental. Massage, Radium by arrangement with the London Hospital. Own Laboratory.
7bef84c1-41e9-494e-b3b8-34be2a7c32f0	18 Public Assistance Hospital – – 100 141 – – – 120 120 – – – – 30 32 – – 6 – – – 68 – All specialised treatment available with the exception of Ophthalmic and Radium. Carried out at the Counties' Laboratory, E.C.4. 19 Queen's Hospital for Children – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – All specialised treatment available with the exception of Radium. Own Laboratory. 20 Queen Mary's Hospital for the East End – – 45 – – – 4 66 61 – 3 – – 50 – – 4 2 – – – – – All specialised treatment available. Own Laboratory.
74d0a539-8e46-4e10-8788-eb28d691b51c	21 Royal London Ophthalmic (Moorfields) Eye Hospital) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 153 – – – – – – All specialised treatment available with the exception of Operative surgery, Massage and Radium. Own Laboratory. 22 Royal National Orthopaedic – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 460 – – – – – Operative surgery, X-rays, Ultraviolet light, Massage. Own Pathologist. 23 St. Bartholomew's Hospital – – 18 – – 6 24 232 250 – 44 – 10 17 – – 22 18 – 55 – – – All specialised treatment available. Own Laboratories. 24 St.
ded81810-8feb-4d9f-9f34-f455e0eecbca	Mary's Hospital for Women and Children – – – – – – – 20 33 – 8 – – – – – 4 – – – – – – Operative surgery, X-rays, Ultraviolet light, Dental, Massage, Ear, Part-time Pathologist in conjunction with other Hospitals. 25 Severalls Mental Hospital – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1830 – – – – – – – – Operative surgery-, X-rays, Ultraviolet light, Dental, Ophthalmic. Own Laboratory. 26 Westminster Hospital 10 – 13 5 – 2 7 56 77 – 10 – 8 12 – – 6 4 15 – – – – All specialised treatment available. Own Laboratories. †In the case of Hospitals under the control of the Borough of Barking:— Maternity Ward Municipal Hospital Number and classification of Medical Staff The Medical Officer of Health is also the Medical Supt.
fcbaae79-1f03-4fea-af60-d6a47c71096a	and is assisted in this work by the Assistant M.O.'s H. Number and classification of Nursing Staff: Matron – 1 Sister 1 – Assistant Nurses — 6 Midwives 2 – Probationer Nurses 4 9 Arrangements for the employment of consultants j Consultants are engaged when necessary. In addition to the above Institutions, there are a number of Sanatoria to which tuberculous persons resident in Barking are admitted at the instance of the Essex County Council, under their scheme for the treatment of tuberculosis. 27 Much good work has been done in it, but the building—as I have said—has outlived its usefulness and it is not the best advertisement for such a progressive town as Barking that nothing more suitable is provided for the little strangers who come amongst us, and who, after all, are the most important visitors the town can ever hope to have. I feel sure that a more suitable building, would attract even larger numbers than at present avail themselves of the amenities you offer.
30dc5c48-1d32-469e-8477-19b7b702b8a0	Your infectious fever hospital comprises as wards three blocks of buildings. These are commonly known as the diphtheria ward, the scarlet fever ward and the new ward. The diphtheria and the scarlet fever blocks are built upon the same pattern as the maternity block—of galvanized iron with matchboard lining. The new ward is a temporary structure and is a large hut built in sections. The diphtheria and scarlet fever wards have outlived their usefulness. Good work has been done in them, and, failing anything better being provided, good work will continue to be done in them, but they hardly comply with reasonable standards of buildings for infectious fever hospitals of today. The new ward could be used as a convalescent ward, but even as such it does not provide highly satisfactory accommodation in winter time. The new hospital which is being built to provide accommodation for fifty-eight beds is a really first-class, up-to-date building.
862c752a-0240-4c3a-adf7-fc567f143fc6	It is being built in such a way that future extensions can be made according to plan and at a cost less than would be the case if the essential units had not been built of the dimensions they have been built. The question as to how many beds should be provided by any town for the reception of infectious diseases is one which can only be answered when the special circumstances of any such town are carefully explored. It is obvious, where houses are small and no provision can be made at home even for nursing, leave alone isolation, there is a larger demand for infectious beds than where the housing conditions are far better. It is also obvious that, where a town has a large child population housed under average conditions, they will want a larger number of beds than a town with a small child population, such as a residential resort for people who have retired. 28 The occupation, too, of the parents must be taken into account.
c9a8897b-a995-46d5-a9f7-84a2fef2e31a	In certain occupations it is most undesirable that the breadwinner should live in a house in which there is a case of infectious disease. Having regard to all these and similar circumstances, I have formed the opinion that in Barking you should have one and a-quarter beds per thousand population—i.e., you will want one hundred beds for a population of eighty thousand and you will want one hundred and twenty-five beds for a population of one hundred thousand. (c) General Provision of Hospital Services for the District.—A special report has been prepared, and is here included, which shows in tabular form the hospital services available, public and voluntary, for the people of Barking. 17. MATERNITY AND NURSING HOMES. With the exception of the maternity ward maintained by you at Upney, there is only one house in Barking used as a nursing home. During 1931, two births have been notified from this address.
b71ae1df-cb77-43f3-918f-65fb0832c151	It appears to me necessary and desirable that you as a Council should be the Authority for the registration of nursing homes under the Nursing Homes Registration Act, 1927. At the present time the County Council carry out these duties, but it is obvious that you as a Council, with all the information your officers are able to put before you, are in the best position of any Authority to decide as to the desirability or otherwise of registering premises under this Act. That this information is of the utmost value is shown by the fact that the County as a matter of routine send letters to the Medical Officers of Health of Sanitary Districts in which it is proposed to establish a new nursing home, asking them for their observations and advising them that perhaps they may think it desirable to discuss the matter with the Chief Officer of the Fire Brigade. 18. MATERNAL MORTALITY. Cases of deaths due to pregnancy or childbirth are investigated, and during the year four confidential reports have been submitted to the Ministry of Health.
768f3846-3cbc-429c-b6c9-1ccd7910326e	29 Similarly, cases of puerperal fever and puerperal pyrexia are the subject of investigation, and any necessary steps are taken to secure adequate nursing and hospital facilities for the patients. If necessary, cases are nursed in the infectious fever hospital, and although there have been three cases of puerperal fever and seven cases of puerperal pyrexia, there have fortunately been no fatalities. 19. INSTITUTIONAL PROVISION FOR UNMARRIED MOTHERS, ILLEGITIMATE INFANTS AND HOMELESS CHILDREN. We have not, in Barking, any institutions which make provision for unmarried mothers, illegitimate infants and homeless children, other than those provided by the Public Assistance Committee and the various voluntary agencies, with which we are constantly in touch. 20. INSTITUTIONAL PROVISION FOR THE CARE OF MENTAL DEFECTIVES.
0903302c-5fbf-49a9-8197-1c73ee887d94	Institutional provision for the care of mental defectives does not come within the scope of the Council's activities, but great interest is taken in this problem, particularly in so far as it relates to children and young persons. 21. AMBULANCE FACILITIES. (a) A motor ambulance is provided for the removal of infectious cases to the Isolation Hospital, Upney Lane. (b) For non-infectious and accident cases, two motor ambulances are kept at the Fire Station, the ambulance and fire services being run in conjunction under the Chief Fire Officer. It is desirable it should be known so widely as possible that, although only one attendant is sent with the ambulance as a rule, two attendants will be sent whenever necessary, and that it is only for the general medical practitioner interested in the case to indicate that such are necessary for them to be available. For my part, I have elsewhere pointed out the advisability of a nurse travelling with certain cases, and I hope that this will not be lost sight of.
102c25ef-4338-457e-8a84-b000784a3f5f	30 22. CLINICS AND TREATMENT CENTRES. The table on pages 31-32 shows the various out-patient departments under the control of the Local Authority. The proper housing of these various activities is, I know, a matter which is having your very serious consideration, and I do hope that the forthcoming year will show some definite steps taken towards securing suitable buildings for the multifarious activities you are carrying on. 23. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT, 1929. The operation of the Local Government Act, 1929, has not affected Barking very much, and I have nothing to add to my comments of last year. 31—32 CLINIC AND TREATMENT CENTRES. Name and Situation. When held. Nature of Accommodation. By whom Provided. 1. MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE— (a) Centres Clinic Premises, East Street. Tuesdays and Fridays, 2 p.m.
e3247db6-6c84-4ad5-9cfc-bd23c7ab0477	Accommodation for consultations, weighing of babies, waiting-room, etc. Local Authority. Greatlields Centre, Movers Lane. Mondays, 2 p.m., and 99 99 99 99 99 Alexandra Centre, St. Pauls Road J Thursdays, 2 p.m. 99 99 99 99 99 St. Albans Centre, Urswick Road. Wednesdays, 2 p.m., and Fridays, 2 p.m. 99 99 99 99 99 (b) Ante-natal Clinics Clinic premises, East Street. Wednesdays, 2 p.m.; Fridays, 10.30 a.m. to 12 noon. Accommodation for consultations. 99 99 Alexandra Centre, St. Pauls Road. Tuesdays, 2 p.m. 99 99 99 99 99 St. Albans Centre, Urswick Road.
7abed45d-f4ac-4182-ab60-4c7d59c1042d	Wednesdays, 10.30 a.m. to 12 noon. 99 99 99 99 99 (c) School Nurseries Nil Nil Nil Nil (d) Day Nurseries Nil Nil Nil Nil . SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE— (a) Inspection Clinics and treatment of minor ailments. St. Albans Centre, Urswick Road. Daily, 8.30 a.m. to 12 noon. Large Hall. Local Authority. Clinic premises, East Street. Daily, 8.30 a.m. to 12 noon. Three rooms. 99 >» (b) Eye Clinic 99 99 • Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 12 noon. One room. 99 99 (c) Dental Clinic 99 99 Daily, 9 a.m. to 12 noon and 2 to 4 p.m. Two rooms.
474aa044-97b9-494a-8ce1-6029c7a1672b	99 99 (d) Orthopaedic Clinic Faircross School. Mondays, 9 a.m. to 12 noon, and 2 to 4 p.m. Wednesdays, ditto. Fridays, ditto. One room. 99 99 TUBERCULOSIS— 37, Linton Road. Mondays, 3 to 5 p.m. Thursdays, 10.30 a.m. to 12 noon. Three rooms. Essex County Council. VISYMEAL DISEASES— London Hospitals, etc By arrangement with Essex County Council 33 SECTION 3. SANITARY CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AREA. 24. WATER. Water is supplied to the area by the South Essex Waterworks Company. It is hard, clear and palatable, and we have from time to time received reports as to satisfactory purity.
afe1914d-71ef-4fad-ae2d-71a34706269b	The Stour Supply Scheme was not in operation during the year. 25. RIVERS AND STREAMS. The rivers and streams running through the area are controlled by the River Roding Catchment Board, whilst the River Thames, your southern boundary, and one of its tributaries, the River Roding, which flows through Barking, is under the control of the Port of London. During the year complaints were received from residents with respect to the waterlogged condition of the back gardens of their houses in Victoria Road. From our enquiries we found amongst other perhaps more important matters, that, owing to the considerable increase of the traffic using the River Roding, the water in the river was kept at a much higher level than formerly, by the more frequent use of the lock gates. The attention of the River Roding Catchment Board was directed to the possible increase in the general level of the subsoil water in this area.
34889915-536d-4b08-8672-cffea73f83c6	From time to time the Council has had under consideration the filling of the arm of the Loxford Water where it flows through Berry's Marsh and at the rear of Bridge Street. This watercourse does not appear to serve any useful purpose, and, if arrangements can be made, the filling of such watercourse would considerably improve the amenities in this part of the district. 26. RAINFALL. The rainfall for the year ended December 31st, 1931, was 21.77 inches. Rain fell on 162 clays throughout the period in question. 34 27. DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE. Further considerable progress has been made in the work of sewering the district, to convey the sewage of Ilford and Barking to the Northern Outfall Works of the London County Council at Barking. The Barking Sewage Disposal Works, situated at Gascoigne Road, Barking, continued in operation during the year.
b0467bed-f60e-4982-8f82-e8cd2c61c16b	It is not my intention to report on these sewage works as such because it has long been recognised that they are inadequate, and the steps which are being taken jointly with Ilford to drain into the Northern Outfall Works mean that they will be closed altogether. 28. CLOSET ACCOMMODATION. In the unsewered portion of the district there remain 13 premises with cesspools, 37 premises with pail closets and 6 with privies. During the year, 8 premises have been connected with the sewers and other conversions are in hand. During the year the newly erected and occupied houses in Park View Gardens were drained temporarily to a cesspool, and complaints were received as to the insufficiency of the disposal arrangements. In order to deal with the problem it became necessary to empty the cesspool daily. The houses were later connected with the sewer.
2eb833e5-cf60-4c5f-9845-c2e1dde5b6e9	Whilst the present means of dealing with cesspool and pail closet contents is not ideal, it is anticipated that with the provision of the sewer at Rippleside the need for such will soon cease. 29. SCAVENGING—HOUSE REFUSE. (a) Storage, Collection and Disposal.—The collection and disposal of domestic refuse is controlled by the Engineer and Surveyor. The Corporation have provided hygienic collection vehicles and taken steps to prevent undue exposure during disposal of the rubbish at the tips, but we still have the problem of unsatisfactory storage at the house. May I call your attention to my observations last year that the provision of dustbins by the Council would be an economy in collection costs whilst improving domestic storage pending removal ? 35 During the year, 6,563 loads of refuse were collected, with an average weight of 1 ton 14 cwts. This figure shows a yield of 11.8 cwts.
c4e9c695-0a78-4a52-a95c-90c1b1480149	per 1,000 of the population per day, as against the average figure of 14.3 cwts. per day for non-mining towns. There is no question that the character of house refuse is changing to a much lighter material, with much less wastage of good fuel. A charge of five shillings per load is made for the removal of trade refuse, but no charge is made for the use of the public tips by tradesmen who make their own provision for transport. The disposal of refuse in Barking is undertaken by a modified form of controlled tipping, and it is with pleasure I have noted the improvement in the tip situated at Mayesbrook subsequent to our visit to Bradford. There is also a smaller dump in Jenkins Lane.
7e889bc0-f909-4a3e-9e8a-09cc8baba210	(b) Street Cleansing.—The streets of the town are kept in a satisfactory state of cleanliness', but once again I want to emphasise that much can be done to assist the Council and reduce the cost of cleansing services if the public and tradesmen will co-operate by greater use of the domestic storage available for much of the litter which finds its way into the streets. So far the Corporation have not provided any mechanical means for cleansing the street gullies. I know it may be argued that the time is inopportune for the displacement of the unskilled labour engaged on this work with the existing primitive, inefficient methods in use, but there can be no question that, as now operated, this branch of cleansing is definitely below the town's general standard of demising services. (c) Fouling of Footpaths by Dogs.—Once again I recommend that regulations be drawn up and enforced to prevent this nuisance. 30. SANITARY INSPECTION OF THE AREA. (a) Work of Sanitarv Insnectors.
29eca822-33f1-43ca-8b3c-8b222329dbb5	(1) Inspection of Dwelling Houses. Total Houses Inspected under Public Health or Housing Acts 3,114 Total number of Inspections made 4,831 Housing (Consolidated) Regulations 841 After Infectious Disease 677 Defects Found 9,873 Notices Served (Preliminary) 2,632 Re-inspections re Notices Served 5,439 36 (2) Premises Controlled by Bye-Laws and Regulations. Inspections. Contraventions. Notices served. Houses Let in Lodgings 10 1 1 Common Lodging Houses 120 18 11 Offensive Trades 231 24 8 Tents, Vans and Sheds 195 12 3 Dairies, Cowsheds and Milkshops 282 12 6 Slaughter-houses 89 2 — (3) Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. Inspections. Defects. Notices.
ab3c00ba-8595-4738-821a-4970335068d9	Factories 190 45 23 Laundries 15 8 3 Bakehouses 58 6 3 Domestic Workshops 29 2 2 Other Workshops 122 28 14 Other Workplaces 175 41 19 Outworkers' Rooms 22 — — Butchers' Premises 640 45 22 Fishmongers 77 4 2 Restaurants and Dining Rooms 81 3 2 Stables and Stable Yards 131 29 21 Piggeries 79 8 3 (4) Miscellaneous. Inspections. Defects. Notices.
29ea44c2-1182-4f3b-8ced-465788d44a72	Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919 132 8 4 Vacant Land and Refuse Dumps 203 24 9 Public Lavatories 77 4 3 Schools 76 6 1 Markets and General Shops 393 4 3 Ice-Cream Vendors 131 7 4 Petroleum and Celluloid Stores 160 13 3 Waterlogged Ground 12 — — Fair Grounds 13 — — Other Miscellaneous 145 2 2 Visits to Small-pox Contacts 858 37 (b) Summary of Sanitary Work Carried Out. (1) Drainage. Choked drains, opened, repaired, and cleansed 378 Drains reconstructed 114 New drains (conversions) 8 Ventilation shafts repaired or new fixed 50 New inspection covers 18 (2) Closet Accommodation. Roofs Walls Floors Doors W.C. structures repaired 43 Seats fixed 103 W.C.
79016929-3f97-4659-9e61-9a0b870caccd	pans fixed or cleansed 93 Flushing apparatus repaired or renewed 247 (3) Sinks. New fixed 23 New sink wastepipes 132 New gullies 63 (4) Dampness. Roofs and flashings 1,004 Eavesgutters 625 Rainwater pipes 255 Damp walls remedied 829 (5) Water Supply. Defective water fittings repaired and supply reinstated 87 (6) Yard Paving. Yard paving repaired or relaid 213 (7) Dustbins. New ones provided 850 38 (8) General Repairs.
32ab1b70-7df6-49a0-983a-e05bf1e1bc23	House floors repaired 277 Windows repaired or renewed 456 Window sills repaired or renewed 412 Sashcords renewed 448 Washing coppers repaired or renewed 184 Stoves repaired or renewed 310 House doors and frames repaired or renewed 191 Stairs repaired 66 Handrails fixed 9 Chimney pots renewed and stacks rebuilt 198 Dirty or defective rooms repaired, cleansed and redecorated 1,688 Insufficient floor ventilation 112 Insufficient ventilation and light 8 External painting 108 Fences renewed 2 (9) Miscellaneous. Offensive accumulations removed 92 Animals so kept as to be a nuisance 11 Verminous rooms and persons disinfested 22 Dirty premises cleansed 6 Flooding 2 Drains tested 426 Dangerous structures reported 25 Overcrowding 59 Washing accommodation provided 1 Nuisance from burning refuse 10 Offensive fumes 1 (c) Notices Served.
3b8df4e1-9f0c-4008-aa2b-38584135095e	Informal Notices 2,632 Statutory Notices 508 Section 36, Public Health Act, 1875 57 Section 94, Public Health Act, 1875 271 Section 41, Public Health Act, 1875 16 Section 49, Public Health Act, 1907 1 Section 5, Infectious Disease (Prevention) Act, 1890 2 Section 17, Housing Act, 1930 161 508 89 {d) Factory and Workshop Act, 1901. Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. (1) Inspections (including inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors). Premises. Number of Inspections. Written Notices. Prosecutions. Intimations. Statutory. Factories 218 26 — — Workshops 196 19 — — Workplaces 175 19 — — Total 589 64 — — 40 (2) Defects found. Particulars.
5dc83ec0-9757-407d-a7b5-85a02bcfef90	Number of Defects. Number of Prosecutions. Found Remedied Referred to H.M. Ins. Nuisances under the Public Health Acts:— Want of cleanliness 27 27 — — Want of ventilation 3 3 — — Overcrowding — — — — Want of drainage of floors 2 2 — — Other nuisances 39 39 — — Sanitary accommodation:— Insufficient 15 15 — — Unsuitable or defective 37 37 — — Not separate for sexes — — — — Unscreened for sexes — — — — Offences under the Factory and Workshop Acts :— Illegal occupation of underground bakehouse (s.101) — — — — Breach of special sanitary requirements for bakehouses (ss. 97 to 100) — — — — Other offences 2 2 — — Totals 125 125 — * Including those specified in sections 2, 3, 7 and 8, of the Factory and Workshop Act as remediable under the.
775e786a-bc48-4b26-9a5a-c389a5d1cafd	Public Health Acts. (3) Home Work. Six notices were issued to the occupiers of premises in the district where outworkers are employed, who supplied lists twice during the year of 18 workpeople engaged on making wearing apparel, etc., in their homes. 41 (4) Registered Workshops. Workshops on the Register (see. 131) at the end of the year. Number. (1) (2) Bakehouses (including five factory bakehouses) 12 Other Workshops 72 Total number of Workshops on Register 84 (5) Other Matters. Class. (l) Number. (2) Matters notified to H.M. Inspector of Factories :— Failure to affix Abstract of the Factory and Workshop Act (sec. 133) Action taken in matters referred by H.M. Inspector as remediable under the Public Health Acts, but not under the Factory and Workshop Act (sec. 5) 3 Other — Underground Bakehouses (sec.
986583c9-6ca7-4688-8865-f81a6155300b	101):— Certificates granted during the year — In use at the end of the year — (6) Out-workers. The following list shows the nature of the homework carried out in this district by 35 outworkers :— Overall making 1 Mattress maker 1 Shoe and slipper maker 1 Life-belt covering 2 Tie making 2 Artificial flower maker 1 Wearing apparel (various) 25 Christmas cracker making 1 Fancy goods making 1 During the year, 32 lists of out-workers were received from other Authorities in respect of addresses in Barking. Five lists were received from employers within the district. 42 81. SMOKE ABATEMENT. During the year, 130 smoke observations were earned out on factory chimneys and notices were served with respect to the 19 offences registered. We have continued to take an interest in the special difficulties of the electricity generating station at Creekmouth and confidently hope that a solution of the present difficulties will be found.
09ee26ee-5dc2-492e-98e3-1f77f69401c1	A special Chimney Emissions Committee of the Electricity Commission has been investigating the grit emission problem, and we hope that the report will indicate how conditions may be improved. The two additional 75,000 kilowatt sets now in course of construction will be fitted with chain grate stokers and grit arresting equipment. With these operating we hope there will not be any increase in the grit emission from this generating station. The chimney stacks to this new boiler house are to be 250 feet high. Further, the stacks to the pulverized fuel installation are to be increased in height by 75 feet, to a total height of 185 feet. This will, we expect, lead to greater diffusion of the gases. Experiments with a high velocity gas-washer have been in progress, and, as a result, we are advised that a complete unit to be installed on two pulverized fuel boilers will be in operation by the summer of 1932. 32.
0f9a750a-88f9-42ae-8ccd-7cdaa122d60d	PREMISES AND OCCUPATIONS WHICH CAN BE CONTROLLED BY BYE-LAWS OR REGULATIONS. (a) Houses Let in Lodgings.—Supervision is exercised over the small number of tenements in the town and reasonable home conditions obtain. (b) Common Lodging Houses.—One hundred and twenty visits were paid to the two common lodging houses, four of the visits being made at night. Eighteen defects were discovered and eleven notices served. (c) Tents, Vans and Sheds.—There are 10 occupied van dwellings, which are located in yards where water supply and sanitary accommodation are provided. (d) Underground Sleeping Rooms.—There are no such occupied rooms in the district.
848c3aeb-e930-4335-b673-0e437914ccc6	43 (e) Offensive Trades.—The following is a summary of the offensive trade premises registered :— Fish Fryers 22 Dealers in Rags and Bones 9 Gut Scraper 1 Fat Melters 2 Fish Skin Scraper 1 Oil Boiler 1 Soap Makers 3 Total 39 Two hundred and thirty-one visits were paid to these 39 premises, and 24 contraventions of the bye-laws were discovered and any necessary action taken. During the year the Council approved three applications to carry on the business of soap boiler. The premises of a fish fryer became disestablished during the year and were removed from the register. From time to time complaints are received with respect to objectionable odours arising from the Roding Works (oil boiling) situated in Bridge Street. During the year reconstruction of these premises took place. The old plant was scrapped and more up-to-date equipment, incorporating modern fumereducing devices, provided.
141e1699-0fe7-4db4-ab8c-ad4cd51e8ba5	Whilst there has been a very considerable reduction in the objectionable odours emitted, they have not been entirely removed. (f) Refuse Tips.—Situated at West Bank are certain privately owned tips, which have been the subject of representations to you from time to time. The supervision of these tips has token up an unwarrantable amount of the time of your inspectors. The art of tipping has, in skilled hands, reached such a high level of efficiency that there is no excuse for tips being a nuisance. I advise you to see that your bye-lawrs are complied with and to strengthen your bye-laws where this has been found to be necessary. (g) Piggeries.—The seven remaining piggeries in the district are removed from occupied dwellings, but the premises are not entirely satisfactory because of the difficulties in drainage. 44 (h) Stables.—One hundred and thirty-one visits were paid during the year to the stable premises in occupation and 21 notices were served in respect of various unsatisfactory conditions.
eaef3a07-88b3-445e-9220-46e9153c3a5a	33. PARKS AND OPEN SPACES. The open spaces of Barking continue to be not only a source of delight but also happy places for recreation for many of the people of Barking. The large open air swimming bath of which I spoke last year has been used very considerably, and I c in think of no better way of investing public money to promote health than by the provision of these open spaces, swimming baths, tennis courts, cricket pitches and other amenities for healthy recreation. The people of Barking are to be congratulated on the very real contribution they have made in this direction towards the promotion of health. 34. SCHOOLS. There are fourteen elementary schools, in addition to the Park Modem School, the Faircross Special School, and the Abbey Secondary School. With the exception of the Abbey Secondary School, which is not within the district, sanitary inspections are regularly carried out in order that any unsatisfactory conditions may be remedied.
4deac6cd-1ae7-43cd-ab7c-576d68d097c9	Upon complaints being made, any necessary work is usually carried out forthwith. It has not been found necessary to close any department of the schools as a result of infectious disease. 35. RAG FLOCK ACTS, 1911 AND 1028. There are three premises where upholstery repairs are carried out and these premises are regularly inspected. The general practice at all establishments is to use fibre or wood wool for the purpose of repairs. On no occasion has rag flock been found in use. 36. OLD CLOTHES. There is no legislation, so far as we are advised, dealing with second-hand clothing exposed for sale, and much of this which is sold may be verminous, and, of course, some of it may have come from infectious persons.
a0e4d22e-8b21-42b2-b4a7-01057b225ff9	I would suggest that you entertain the possibility of promoting legislation to enforce disinfection of all such second-hand clothing sold in Barking and that, immediately, you take steps to see that no one should be afforded an opportunity of selling such old clothes in the Corporation market unless the clothing has been so disinfected. 45 SECTION 4. HOUSING. 37. STATISTICS. (a) General. Number of new houses erected during the year :— (1) Total (2) As part of a municipal housing scheme— (a) Barking (b) L.C.C (3) Others (including pi irate enterprise and subsidy houses) 2,557 26 2,410 121 (b) Unfit Dwelling-houses. 1.
5a4b95c8-fb22-4324-bc5f-f66cf9c1deef	Inspection of Dwelling-houses during the Year:— (1) (a) Total number of dwelling-houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) (b) Number of inspections made for the purpose (2) (a) Number of dwelling-houses (included under sub-head (1) above) which were inspected and recorded under the Housing Consolidated Regulations, 1925 (b) Number of inspections made for the purpose (3) Number of dwelling-houses found to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation (4) Number of dwelling-houses (exclusive of those referred to under the preceding sub-head) found not to be in all respects reasonably fit for human habitation... 2.
cf4956cb-f767-4e6d-9cf8-68d3ee45dcec	Remedy of Defects during the Year without Service of formal Notices :— Number of defective dwelling-houses rendered fit in consequence of informal action by the Local Authority or their officers 3,114 4,831 841 907 80 2,632 2,097 46 3. Action under Statutory Powers during the Year :— A.—Proceedings under sections 17, 18 and 23 of the Housing Act, 1930 : (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs 161 (2) Number of dwelling-houses which were rendered fit after service of formal notices (a) By owners 156 (b) By local authority in default of owners 5 B.
0f160e36-eb34-42a3-acb4-a9b9f58f16ae	—Proceedings under Public Health Acts : (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring defects to be remedied 374 (2) Number of dwelling-houses in which defects were remedied after service of formal notices :— (a) By owners 356 (b) By local authority in default of owners 18 C.—Proceedings under sections 19 and 21 of the Housing Act, 1930 : (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made Nil (2) Number of dwelling-houses demolished in pursuance of Demolition Orders Nil D.—Proceedings under section 20 of the Housing Act, 1930 : (1) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing. Orders were made Nil (2) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the tenement or room having been rendered fit Nil E.—Proceedings under section 3 of the Housing Act,
840bb35a-842a-4afd-8a7d-7392caf5fc09	1925 : (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs Nil (2) Number of dwelling-houses which were rendered fit after service of formal notices :— («) By owners Nil (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil (3) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Closing Orders became operative in pursuance of declarations by owners of intention to close Nil 47 P.—Proceedings under sections 11, 14 and 15 of the Housing Act, 1925 : (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Closing Orders were made Nil (2) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the dwelling-houses having been rendered fit Nil (3) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made .
bc779dd0-9c41-478b-834a-bd46b31d1dd8	Nil (4) Number of dwelling-houses demolished in pursuance of Demolition Orders 10 Formal Demolition Orders were not served : the houses being demolished subsequent to Closing Orders becoming operative. 38. HOUSING CONDITIONS. (a) General Observations.—The total number of inhabited houses in the district is 14,371 (including 975 shops), which, compared with the total of 6,762 at the census of 1921, gives an indication of the growth of the town during the past decade, the greatest increase having taken place during the immediate past three years. Of the total of 13,396 dwelling houses, 1,240 are owned by the Council and approximately 4,000 have been erected in the area by the London County Council since the year 1929. It is interesting to note that 1,595 houses have been purchased by occupiers with assistance under the Small Dwellings Acquisition Act.
4cf31e94-1787-4aa1-9b97-f0d1d6436509	It will be seen that Barking has made a remarkable contribution to the solution of the housing problem, and there can be but few towns in England where such a high percentage of the houses are either owned by public authorities or are being purchased through the assistance of a public authority. I am still perturbed at the number of sheds to be found in the back gardens of houses in Barking. May I refer you to the considerable comments made in my report for last year ? I do hope that the competent Committee which deals with this matter will consider how undesirable the.-.c sheds arc, when called upon to pass the very large number of applications which come before them every month. 48 HOUSES BUILT IX DISTRICT. 1926—1931. Total. As part of Municipal Housing Scheme. Others (including private enterprise and subsidy houses).
9082c2dd-0c75-4fbb-b5ca-60c0dc1d15ff	1926 289 47 242 1927 358 30 328 1928 375 40 335 1929 700 (Barking) 206 237 (L.C.C.) 257 1930 1,064 (Barking) 59 35 (L.C.C.) 970 1931 2,557 (Barking) 26 121 (L.C.C.) 2,410 Totals 5,343 4,045 1,298 Of the 4,045 houses shown above as part of Municipal Housing Scheme, 408 were provided by the Borough of Barking and 3,637 by the London County Council. It will be noted that the number of new houses erected as the result of private enterprise is small. The houses so erected are of the town terrace type, with a gridlike layout. There is little variety of design and but slight difference in mode of treatment.
0ac6966d-ac93-42a4-bd2e-1a54e87f5fce	May I hope that the rest of such houses to be erected will be much more suitably laid out, and thus compare favourably with the layout of the estates the Council themselves have developed ? 49 (b) Sufficiency of Supply of Houses and Overcrowding.—During the year the erection of li t houses on the Corporation Upney Estate was in progress as the first portion of the five years' programme of building. The houses to be erected are chiefly of the two-bedroom, non-parlour type, let at an inclusive rental of 10s. 6d. per week. This type of house provides what is regarded as minimum amenities at a reasonable rent. Unfortunately, even this low rent is more than some of the families living in overcrowded circumstances are able easily to pay. Economic conditions force such families to find accommodation in the cheapest of rooms, usually in houses with low rents and below the general standard of fitness.
09681e18-4761-4789-98df-5505d8f44f60	The owner of such houses, with a low rent income and increased maintenance repairs, finds himself unable economically to keep the houses in repair. In my view the Corporation would be meeting a very great need if a small block of tenements could be provided to house families in indigent circumstances, at a rent not exceeding 7s. 6d. per week. I believe that such accommodation would do much to remove the sordid conditions under which some families live, and assist considerably the development of good citizenship among the younger members of the families. It should be remembered that a house cannot be condemned because it is overcrowded. The remedy should be to remove the overcrowding, and I must emphasize that this can only be done in many instances where houses are available at very cheap rents. (c) Fitness of Houses.—With the exception of the houses situated in the older and poorer quarter of the town, the standard of fitness and the amenities available are good.
dbfe8a0d-f023-4878-bce5-c88634f71640	The older houses occupy much of the time of the sanitary inspectors in securing the maintenance of habitable conditions. (d) Unhealthy Areas.—In March, 1931, official representations were made to the Council that 69 premises (62 of which were occupied), housing 75 families, were unfit for occupation and should be demolished. 50 The Council, in accordance with section 1 of the Housing Act, 1930, declared that the areas composed of the following premises were unhealthy areas and should be dealt with as clearance areas :— 227-235, North Street 1-11, Holly Square 114-150, North Street 1-1, Tanner Square known as the Holly Square Area. 1-6, Red Lion Place 1-4, St. John's Retreat 70-76, North Street known as the Red Lion Place Area.
f6ff7f4c-1847-401d-88ad-420009171b5d	2-18, Bifron Square 1-27, Bifron Square 2-14, Axe Street 49-59, Broadway 1, White Court Shaftesbury Hall School known as the Bifron Square Area. During the year little progress could be made with these clearance schemes owing to pressure of other work. This delay is regrettable, not only in so far as it affects the occupiers of the houses concerned, but because it further postpones action with respect to other areas scheduled for treatment in the period 1930-1935. 51 SECTION 5. INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD. 39. MILK SUPPLY AND ICE-CREAM. (a) Milk Supply.—Registered with the Authority are 41 retail purveyors, of whom 12 occupy premises outside the district. In addition there are 2 cow-keepers.
70459ea3-4789-435e-bef7-54c761928209	During the year one dairyman was removed from the register in accordance with section 2 of the Milk and Dairies Amendment Act, 1922. It is unfortunate that legislation does not give power to prohibit the use of premises as a dairy when the occupier is removed from the register as unsatisfactory, and so avoid the possibility of applications for the use of the premises from persons who are essentially his nominees. There are two occupied cowshcd premises, with a total of 40 milch cows. One is of recent construction, whilst the other is of the old-fashioned type but provided with the statutory requirements. The following table sets out the results of the bacteriological examination of various samples, from which it will be seen that out of a total of 52, seven were found to be unsatisfactory Type of Sample. Satisfactory. Unsatisfactory. Totals. Grade "A" (T.T.)
4fe0d0fb-2d0e-440f-8eb7-086016b4aa08	Milk 3 3 Raw Milk 20 4 24 "Pasteurised " Milk 22 3 25 Totals 45 7 52 Whilst 25 of the samples examined are described as pasteurised milk, the majority of the samples represent supplies which, although pasteurised, were not retailed as such, a condition to which I drew your particular attention in my Reports for the years 1929 and 1930, 52 There were during the year 12 samples of milk submitted to biological examination for the presence of tubercle. Of this number three samples were found to be infected. The bacteriological examination of all milk samples is carried out for this Authority by the Counties Public Health Laboratories of 91, Queen Victoria Street, London, whilst the examination of samples of milk for the presence of tubercle is carried out by Professor R. T. Hewlett, of the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich, by animal inoculation.
9d3fded4-0e33-47dc-aea3-41f42ffb7d43	The following table shows the number of licences gran'.ed during the year for the sale of graded milks under the Milk (Special Designations) Order, 1923 :— "Certified" Milk 1 Grade "A" Milk 1 "Pasteurised" Milk 5 Grade "A" (T.T.) Milk 10 Grade "A" Milk, Pasteurised 1 Licences were granted to two local firms for the bottling of Grade " A " (T.T.) Milk, and one for the treatment and sale of milk as " pasteurised." There are in the district 45 retailers and 11 wholesale distributors of sterilised milk. One dairyman was prosecuted for bottling milk in the street. It will be seen that a considerable amount of work has been done in endeavouring to maintain a satisfactory standard of food value and purity, but considerable work yet remains to be done.
f43aa6ea-226d-4103-80a7-374bd435fe16	I hope you will take every step you can to see that all milk which is pasteurised shall be sold as pasteurised milk. This, I think, is the first important step to take in promoting a cleaner milk supply. As Medical Officer of Health I am anxious to promote the sale of milk, and I rejoice in the co-operation I have had from many milk retailers towards this end. It is, however, to be regretted that 7 samples out of the 52 examined baeteriologically were found to be unsatisfactory, whilst, of course, to find 3 out of 12 samples of milk examined for tuberculosis to be infected, clearly indicates the magnitude of the task before us in obtaining a milk supply which we can assure the public is quite safe. 53 (b Ice-cream.—The following results of the bacteriological examination of ice-cream samples show wide variation in the cleanliness of the product. Sample No. B. Count. B. Coli.
7dd21c91-b4b8-46ed-98d1-c92f88160960	32 1,500,000 .Absent in 1 c.c. 33 180,000 ditto 34 210,000 Present in 1 c.c. 35 320,000 Present in 0.01 c.c. 36 42,000 Present in 1 c.c. 37 410,000 Present in 0.0001 c.c. 38 4S0,000 ditto 39 350,000 ditto 40 3,200 Present in 1 c.c. 42 3,600 Absent in 1 c.c. 43 720 ditto Samples 36, 40, 42 and 43 were taken from supplies of the large manufacturers distributing in the district and indicate the high standard of cleanliness obtaining at the factories. I must again emphasize the need for larger powers to control the manufacture and distribution of this food product. 40. MEAT AND OTHER FOODS.
58f271b7-d25c-49e4-849c-8d532aa987b9	Meat.-—The one licensed slaughter-house continued in the occupation of the same person and has not given cause for complaint during the year. The following table gives particulars of notifications received, and the animals slaughtered, during the five years ended December 31st, 1931. Year 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 Total. Notifications Received 150 126 72 64 39 451 Cattle 97 40 64 80 12 293 Pigs 204 409 137 93 200 1,043 Sheep 786 815 426 332 17.3 2,532 Calves 137 71 10 11 1 230 Totals 1224 1335 637 516 386 4098 54 Diseased meat was destroyed as under:— Description. Disease. Weight. 1 beast's lung Congestion 10 lbs.
d9a1867f-fc89-4458-8e37-ce4338ddd656	3 beasts' livers Distomatosis 42 „ 1 beast's liver Angioma 14 „ 1 „ mesentery Tuberculosis 3 „ 24 sheep's lungs Parasites 72 „ 17 „ livers Distomatosis 68 „ 12 pigs' lungs Pneumonia 48 „ 12 „ lungs Parasites 60 „ 8 „ lungs Congestion 32 „ 2 „ lungs Tuberculosis 7 „ 12 „ livers Cirrhosis 72 „ 1 pig's liver Tuberculosis 5 „ 9 pigs' heads Tuberculosis 126 „ 4 pigs (portion of carcasses) Tuberculosis 160 „ 4 pigs' mesenteries Tuberculosis 8 „ Total 727 lbs. In addition there were surrendered, 3 pigs' offals and one beast's offals affected with Tuberculosis. 41. UNSOUND FOOD. The following list gives particulars of the unsound food destroyed during the year:— Meat Tinned Foodstuffs.
b826b5d0-0a4d-4e82-9a4a-8c3df89772f7	13 pigs' heads. 33 tins meat products. 10 lbs. beef. 21 tins milk products. 8 lbs. pork. 22 tins fruit and vegetable products. 4 lbs. mutton. 14 tins syrup. 5 tins fish products. Fish. Confectionery. 112 lbs. winkles. 140 lbs. skate. 33 lbs. mixed sweets. 30 lbs. shrimps. 55 42. ADULTERATION, ETC. The Food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, 1928, and kindred Acts and Regulations arc administered in this district by the Essex County Council. I am indebted to Mr. H. C. Card, Chief Food and Drugs Officer for the Metropolitan Area of the Essex County Council, for the particulars of samples purchased and submitted for analysis during the year. These samples are submitted for chemical examination to Dr.
4ed93403-02ec-426c-8c40-882a758df774	Bernard Dyer, the County Analyst. Other Milk. Butter. Samples. Total. 52 64 88 204 No proceedings were instituted in relation to these samples during the period covered. 43. NUTRITION. Once again I want to say that I do not think there is any need for a lot of scientific training of the public in the nutritive value of various foods, and to repeat that if good, plain, straightforward food is made available for the public at a price the public are able to pay, and if that food is as widely variable as possible, and if the public are taught to avail themselves of these amenities, they will, without any scientific knowledge, prepare foods which are scientifically accurate. 57 SECTION 6. PREVALENCE OF AND CONTROL OVER INFECTIOUS AND OTHER DISEASES. 44. NOTIFICATION TABLES. The following table shows the number of notifications of infectious diseases received during 1931:— TABLE I. Diseases.
53d32bc0-beb0-4928-9958-b9820abf5209	Males. Females. Total. Total eases removed to Hospital. Deaths.
5d387e58-6a0a-49ed-87d1-6358cc55934a	Small-pox 3 2 5 5 - Scarlet Fever 71 90 161 148 1 Diphtheria 122 119 241 238 7 Puerperal Septiæmia - 3 3 2 1 Pneumonia: Acute Influenzal 63 46 69 12 22 Following measles - - Other forms 40 4 Erysipelas 10 15 25 5 - Ophthalmia Neonatorum 7 10 17 1 - Puerperal Pyrexia - 7 7 6 - Para-typhoid Fever 1 2 3 3 1 Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis 1 - 1 1 - Chicken-pox 151 182 333 1 - Totals 429 476 905 422 36 58 The following diseases were notifiable in 1931 under the original Infectious Disease (Notification) Acts, 1889,
6e96a924-199e-40cf-962a-5f7953e822ac	and 1899:— Small-pox, diphtheria, relapsing fever, cholera, erysipelas, typhus, plague, puerperal fever, enteric fever, scarlet fever and continued fever, and by Orders or Regulations framed under section 180, Public Health Act, 1875 Tuberculosis (all forms), ophthalmia neonatorum, cerebro-spinal fever, acute poliomyelitis, encephalitis lethargica, influenzal pneumonia, acute primary pneumonia, malaria, dysentery, trench fever, and puerperal pyrexia. An order was made under the Infectious Disease (Notification) Act, 1880, making chicken-pox a notifiable disease throughout the district. The Barking Town (Pneumonia) Regulations, 1921, provides for the notification of Pneumonia supervening upon Measles.
a81b57b4-9d75-454b-9f68-b55324120726	The total notifications of infectious diseases numbered 905 exclusive of tuberculosis and inclusive of chicken-pox, compared with 1,004 the previous year. During 1931 the number of notifications of tuberculosis (all forms) was 123 compared with 95 in 1930. 59—60 TABLE II. Notifiable Disease. No. of cases notified at age groups. Cases classified according to Wards. Under one year. 1 to 2 years. 2 to 3 years. 3 to 4 years. 4 to 5 years. 5 to 10 years. 10 to 15 years. 15 to 20 years. 20 to 35 years. 35 to 45 years. 45 to 65 years. Over 65 years. Totals. Abbey. Gascoigne. Central. Ripple (West). Ripple (East— L.C.C. Est.) Westbury. Longbridge (West).
9601f100-11ad-4498-93eb-0d27e68261e9	Longbridge (East—L.C.C. Eat.). Small-pox — — — — — — 2 — 2 1 — — 5 3 — — — — — 2 — Scarlet Fever 3 6 15 18 11 61 27 9 10 1 — — 161 6 15 2 29 36 15 22 36 Diphtheria 3 4 19 18 17 99 48 14 18 1 — — 241 35 39 14 43 28 45 21 16 Puerperal Septicaemia — — — — — — — — 2 1 — — 3 — 1 — 1 — 1 — — Pneumonia (primary, influenzal and following measles) 7 7 4 5 4 8 2 3 28 13 18 10 109 24 11 12 10 2 10
3acac917-7e23-4cc4-93f4-1c0ec767a17b	29 11 Erysipelas — — 1 — — 4 2 — 6 2 7 3 25 3 3 2 7 — 5 5 — Ophthalmia Neonatorum 17 — — — — — — — — — — — 17 3 3 1 4 1 2 2 1 Puerperal Pyrexia — — — — — — — — 5 2 — — 7 1 — — 1 1 — 2 2 Enteric Fever — — — — — — 1 — 2 — — — 3 — — — — — — 3 — Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 — — 1 — — — — — Chicken-pox 14 20 24 24 23 188 30 7 3 — — — 333 43 50 14 72 15 62
c5ccadb6-5022-4927-bfb1-38b9966c02f0	64 13 Totals 44 37 64 65 55 360 112 33 76 21 25 13 905 118 122 46 167 83 140 150 79 61 TABLE III. Monthly summary of notifications of Scarlet Fever and Diphtheria received during 1931:— Scarlet Fever. Diphtheria. Total. January 13 33 46 February 11 24 35 March 9 13 22 April 7 19 26 May 11 26 37 June 2 23 25 July 13 18 31 August 19 18 37 September 15 16 31 October 18 18 36 November 24 18 42 December 19 15 34 Totals 161 241 402 45. NOTIFIABLE INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
4068aae3-565a-4565-8981-e47ef5d5b2ea	(a) Diphtheria.—241 cases were notified, compared with 35S the preceding year. Of cases notified, 240 were removed and treated in the local isolation hospital. 7 deaths from diphtheria occurred. The average stay of diphtheria in hospital was 45.2 days, the longest stay being 128 days. Sex.—122 cases were male and 119 female. The death rate from diphtheria has shown a decline over the last thirty years. A quarter of a century ago the death rate from diphtheria over an average of four years was 0.335 per 1,000 population; at the present time, over an average of five years, it is only 0.114. There were 7 deaths out of a total number of 241 cases, making a percentage death rate of 2.9. Anti-toxin is readily available for all cases.
87c05d3c-4de1-4cc1-b186-5e8727becf41	This is kept at the Fire Station and may be obtained at the hospital, but in most cases patients requiring anti-toxin are removed to hospital. 62 (b) Scarlet Fever.—The number of cases notified was 161 compared with 178 the previous year. One fatal case occurred. 145 cases were isolated at the local Infectious Diseases Hospital. The average stay of scarlet fever cases in the Municipal Hospital was 42.3 days, compared with 14 days in 1930. The longest period of detention was 88 days and the shortest 16 days. One case was detained in an L.C.C. Hospital for 129 days. Sex.—71 cases were male and 90 female. (c) Pneumonia, Malaria and Dysentery.—The following table shows the incidence during the year of pneumonia, malaria and dysentery, which are notifiable under the Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations, 1927:— Diseases. No. Notified.
d884d2e9-ec75-4eb9-81c3-6a21729f4950	No. of deaths. Malaria None None Dysentery None None Pneumonia 109 26 (d) Small-pox.—There have been 5 cases of small-pox during the year 1931. This figure compares favourably with that of 45 for 1930. (e) Encephalitis Lethargica.—There were no deaths from encephalitis during 1931. (f) Tuberculosis.—Particulars of new cases of tuberculosis and of all deaths from the disease in the area during 1931 are given in this Report in the following form:— New Cases. Deaths. Pulmonary. NonPulmonary. Pulmonary. NouPulmonary. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Under 1 year — 1 1 — — — 1 1 1 to 5 years 1 — 3 3 — —
58867e85-2702-454f-832a-c6a6f238c071	1 1 5 to 10 years 1 — 6 5 — — — — 10 to 15 years 3 1 3 4 1 — — 1 15 to 20 years 3 4 2 3 1 2 — — 20 to 25 years 8 7 1 2 4 3 — — 25 to 35 years 15 l6 3 — 6 8 — — 35 to 45 years 10 6 1 — 4 4 — — 45 to 55 years 4 2 1 — 2 1 — — 55 to 65 years 1 1 — — 3 — — — 65 years and upwards 1 — — — — 1 — — Totals 47 38 21 17 21 19 2 3 63 During the year,
efd6dfa7-4178-4eac-b16d-5377a5c82766	123 notifications were received of all forms of tuberculosis— pulmonary 85 and non-pulmonarv 38. Information was received of the removal into the district of 37 tuberculous persons, included in number of notifications received. Once again I want to call attention to the large number of inward transfers. This is due in large part to the expansion and development of the district. The following are particulars of cases notified under Forms I and II during the year:— Form I. Form II. Pulmonary. Non-Pulmonary. Pulmonary. Non -Pulmonary. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. 31 35 7 6 27 23 7 6 There were 789 attendances at the dispensary during the year for the purpose of medical examination, 333 being made by new cases.
c0cc4974-c108-44f7-9a15-71cce6e3b7f7	Of new cases attending during the year, 18 were subsequently notified as suffering from tuberculosis, 39 had been previously notified, while 36 were inward transfers. The following table gives in tabular form the number of patients removed from the Dispensary Register during the year:— No. on Dispensary Register 31-12-30. Numbers removed from the Dispensary Register. Number on Dispensary Register 31-12-31. Died. Left District and L.S.O. Discharged (Non Tb.) Discharged " Cured " Amended Diagnosis. Total. 355 38 22 119 39 38 256 306 At the end of the year, 295 cases on the Dispensary Register were definitely diagnosed as suffering from tuberculosis, whilst in 11 cases the diagnosis still remained in abeyance. Forty-five deaths occurred from tuberculosis (all forms) 40 of these being pulmonary cases. The number of deaths in institutions was 19.
8be4fe5a-9c7d-42f0-8974-25b63bdbfc58	64 The death rate for tuberculosis (all forms) during 1931 was 0.87 per 1,000 population, compared with 0.82 for the previous year. Of the 45 deaths from tuberculosis 4 had not been notilied to us before death— i.e., 8.9 per cent. of the total deaths from tuberculosis. The following table shows the position of the Tuberculosis Register on 31/12/31 compared with 31/12/27. Number on Register, 31/12/27 946 Number since admitted to Register 382 Number since discharged from Register: Cured 131 Died 230 Amended Diagnosis 238 Left district or lost sight of 167 Duplicate notification 14 780 Number on Register 31/12/31 548 It will be seen that in 1927 there were 946 persons on the Register. At that time Barking had a population of approximately 40,000.
39e9f759-6127-4248-ad7e-98928a9ae530	At the end of 1931, although the population was then estimated to be nearly 60,000, there were only 548 persons on the Register. This means to say that four years ago the Register was entirely misleading. There were many names on it which ought not to have been on it. The revision of this Register has been a work of great interest to me, and I am sorry I was not able to complete it before I gave up the clinical tuberculosis work in Barking. (g) Enteric Fever.—Three cases of enteric fever were notified during the year, all of which were removed to hospital. In addition, there was a case of para typhoid, where the patient died and the diagnosis was made on pathological findings after death. (h) Puerperal Fever.—Three cases were notified during the year; two were admitted to hospital and recovered.
0a35cf19-8725-473f-8e25-4ed1068188d4	65 (i) Puerperal Pyrexia.—Seven cases were notified during the year, of which six were removed to hospital ; all of the cases recovered. (j) Erysipelas.—25 cases were notified during the year compared with 40 during 1930. Five patients were removed to hospital. (k) Chicken-Pox.—In view of the prevalence of small-pox in surrounding districts, chicken-pox was made a notifiable disease in the district in April, 1928, and continued to be notifiable throughout 1931. A total of 333 eases were notified during the year compared with 288 during 1930. Sex.—151 were male and 182 female. 46. NON-NOTIFIABLE ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. (a) Measles, etc.—The most important of these are measles, whooping cough and summer diarrhoea.
12c31a78-b75f-4bbf-afdc-e85a32cd1fd6	There were no serious epidemics of these diseases, and the deaths registered were as follows:— Measles 1 Whooping Cough 4 Summer Diarrhœa 6 (b) Rheumatic Fever.—Rheumatic fever is a very serious problem in Barking. I am persuaded it is even more important than scarlet fever and I hope the time will come when both rheumatic fever and measles are treated in hospital. (c) Psittacosis.—I am happy to be able to say there has been no recurrence of the outbreak of psittacosis noted last year. As I have pointed out elsewhere, prevention of the disease is very easy and now that the people have been warned that they should not buy birds which are likely to be infected I think we may reasonably expect that we shall not have a recurrence. (d) Cancer.—There have been 55 deaths from cancer, 34 below the age of 65 years and 21over the age of 65.
89662c66-dd10-4d3e-a173-edda5f57a0b2	It will be seen, therefore, that over half the cases of cancer which have proved fatal this year have affected people who may be looked upon as still members of the working community and therefore still of economic value to the country—that is, they arc people with duties and responsibilities, which, if and when they are removed, will probably, in a town such as Barking, have to be shouldered by the State. 66 The following table shows the occupations of the 55 persons who died from cancer during the year 1931. Male. Female. Gas workers 4 Spinsters 3 General labourers 4 Wives 16 Painters 2 Widows 9 Master fishmonger 1 Marine engineer 1 Journeyman 1 Chemical workers 2 Storeman 1 Foreman, tar factory 1 Stevedore 1 Maltster 1 Mechanical engineer 1 Watchman 1 Printer's engineer 1 Motor guard 1 Boiler coverer 1 Donkeyman 1 Packers.
efdc9697-86bc-4723-90d2-a8431d2b2ba0	2 27 28 The following table shows the organs affected, according to the returns of certified causes of death. Organ. Male. Female. Bladder 1 1 Breast - 4 Bronchus 1 - Cervix - 1 Colon 4 4 Glands of neck 1 - Larynx 2 - Liver 3 - Lungs 2 2 Mouth 1 - Oesophagus 1 2 67 Organ. Male. Female. Pancreas 1 - Pelvic colon 1 1 Peritoneum - 1 Pleura - 1 Prostate 2 - Rectum 3 2 Stomach - 4 Thyroid 1 - Tongue 3 - Uterus - 3 Vagina - 1 Ventriculi - 1 27 28 (e) Influenza.—There were no less than 31 deaths from influenza during the year 1931. This shows how serious influenza can be.
1832dbaa-cf0b-4701-8cec-fd9634983acc	Almost all the cases had definite pneumonic symptoms and therefore come within the group of respiratory diseases which are so fatal in England. There is no doubt that the general public look upon influenza far too lightly, and, by keeping at work when they ought to be in bed, they not only aggravate their own disability, and in many cases provoke fatal complications, but also spread the disease. For some time now I have felt that hospital accommodation should be available for cases of influenza which cannot reasonably be nursed at home. 68 47. ISOLATION HOSPITAL. (a) Admissions. The following is the table of admissions, etc., in respect of infectious diseases during 1931:— Disease. In Hospital January, 1st, 1931. Admitted during the year. Died. Discharged. In Hospital Dec. 31st, 1931.
642c39ec-c46a-4afe-9765-adc0fd4e6a80	Scarlet Fever 11 145 1 127 28 Diphtheria (including 1 case admitted as Laryngeal Croup) 42 240 8 252 20 Pneumonia 1 1 1 1 - Puerperal Fever - - - - - Puerperal Pyrexia - 1 - 1 - Enteric Fever - 3 - 3 - Mumps - 1 - 1 - Meningitis - 1 1 - - Rheumatism - 1 - 1 - Tonsilitis - 1 - - 1 Others - 2 - 2 - The case of laryngeal croup died. It was not a case of diphtheria but a case of pneumonia, with rickets, involving amongst other things the cartilages of the voice box.
bc645c27-7598-4eb2-92dd-361ca397fbf7	(b) Number of lied Days.—The total number of bed days in the infectious diseases hospital during 1931 was 16,905—that is to say, an average of -16 patients were in hospital throughout the 365 days in the year. It is generally recognised that 100 beds, even when not fully occupied, represent sufficient work for a whole-time medical officer, so that during 1931 the amount of work undertaken at the hospital was equal to about half the time of a whole-time officer. (c) Hospital Accommodation.—The problem of using the hospital accommodation available to the very best advantage is one to which I have made reference in previous reports, and I would refer you particularly to my remarks on the hospitalisation of scarlet fever in my Annual Report for the year 1928.
8c4fd6cd-2fd0-4732-9e2d-dd3d6d575e33	From these 69 remarks it will be seen that uncomplicated cases of scarlet fever are removed from hospital so soon as is practicable, but there is still a very real prejudice on the part of the public against persons with any form of peeling being discharged, and, whilst I believe it would be quite possible to save a certain amount of time by discharging patients from hospital before they have quite finished peeling, I am persuaded that the time is not yet ripe for such action to be taken. The possibility in Barking of replacing hospital treatment in certain instances by nursing and supervision at home is remote. With what may be termed an essentially industrial population and with so many employers hesitating to employ persons from houses where there is infectious disease—indeed there are some such employers who refuse to do so—the nursing of infectious diseases in the homes of Barking is not likely substantially to diminish the needs of the Borough for hospitalisation.
acb02329-4e61-4c03-a312-a1a7b6c33871	In a town the size of Barking there has hitherto been no need to set up any special organisation to deal with the selection of cases for admission to your own hospital, the more so because of the personal association between your own Medical Officer and the other doctors practising in the area, with whom on very numerous occasions throughout the year your officer has been in consultation prior to the admission of eases to hospital. It has always been your custom to admit cases of measles to hospital when they are complicated by broncho-pneumonia and when such accommodation is available. I hope it will be possible to make such accommodation more readily available in the future than it has been in the past, and the opening of the new hospital will materially help towards this end. It is impossible this year to complete a report of this nature without saying something of the old infectious fever hospital, which is now overshadowed, literally and metaphorically, by the new infectious fever hospital which is being erected on an adjacent site.
340f6920-045b-4af0-b079-8b6369085a76	It is to be hoped that the spirit of service and sacrifice which has characterised this hospital in the past will follow it into the new buildings in which it will be housed in the future. There has been an enormous amount of good work done in what has now come to be known as the old isolation hospital, and because it has been found necessary to build a more up-to-date building we should none the less think with pride and respect of those who gave to Barking this first isolation hospital. If we have climbed on the backs of those who first saw the need for succouring the diseased in their distress and if from this higher position we have a clearer view of what is necessary to carry out their ideals, we must be thankful to them for the work which they have done and on no account belittle their efforts because we, with the help of their foundations, are able to do something better. 48. VACCINATION. 70 Your Medical Officer has carried out no primary vaccinations or re-vaccinations.
4dbc567e-9ee7-4b08-9490-bb71bfd6fc6f	He works in the closest co-operation with the Public Vaccinating Officer, who carries out such vaccinations if and when it is necessary and possible. 49. EXAMINATION OF PATHOLOGICAL SPECIMENS, ETC. In a previous table on page 21 I have shown the use which has been made of the facilities provided for the examination of pathological and bacteriological specimens. Some people are born immune for all practical purposes to certain diseases, and in certain diseases, such as diphtheria, where a person is not born immune, this immunity can be provoked artificially. It seems to me right and proper that the Authority should make available for all persons facilities for them or their dependents to be tested to see if they are immune to diphtheria, and, if they are not immune, for this immunity to be provoked.
eafce7b5-f889-4303-8f5b-9ec1726f0966	How far the immunisation of a certain part of the population is likely materially to influence the incidence of diphtheria is another question, but I do feel strongly that, where parents are anxious to avail themselves of these latest benefits, the opportunity of taking such advantage should be denied to no one. 50. CLEANSING AND DISINFECTION OF VERMINOUS PERSONS. In Barking, as I have said previously, there is no particular station which is known as the Cleansing and Disinfecting Station, although of course a large amount of steam disinfection is carried out at the Upney Hospital. It seems to me that the time has come when the Council might well entertain the possibility of setting up a Cleansing Station at the lower end of the site on which the infectious fever hospital is built. Such a station would be in close proximity to the laundry and the disinfector and would therefore be conveniently situated.
37fc86b8-1680-4c90-8a20-b21299066698	If it should prove practicable to get a right of way into the grounds at this point it would not be necessary for persons who seek to have themselves or their clothes cleansed to enter the hospital grounds. 71 51. RAT REPRESSION. No extra special activities were undertaken during Rat Week, except the exhibition of posters directing attention to the matter and advising affected householders what steps to take. The extensive propaganda which has taken place in past years has taught the general public to give notice to this department so soon as any evidence of rat infestation is found. During the year, there were 101 applications for the free supply of raticides, and 132 visits were paid by the sanitary inspectors to infested premises. 52. MOSQUITOES. The prevalence of mosquitoes in Barking is well known for a month or two in summer, and this matter has received the attention of the Natural History Society.
a5752f0f-2d57-4b7c-aea6-7132bf7294e5	The result of the investigations which have been carried out tend to show that the greater part of any nuisance which exists arises from mosquitoes which breed, not down in the marshes, but in the back gardens of the houses in the town itself, and that if persons would see that there were no collections of stagnant water left in old cans and in other places where these mosquitoes could breed we should have but little trouble from these irritating insects. 73 SECTION 7. MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE. 33. GENERAL. The Council's Scheme under the Maternity and Child Welfare Act, 1918, has been extended during the year, by the opening early in 1931 of a further session at the St. Albans Clinic. The question of clinie accommodation is one which you have at present before you and is one in which I know you are deeply interested. I hope it will be possible to arrange at an early date for all the clinic work to be done in permanent buildings. 54.
915e61bf-20da-42df-a624-d755b164a03e	REGISTRATION AND NOTIFICATION OF BIRTHS. By the Registration Act, 1836, all live births must be registered within a period of six weeks. The actual number of live births within the district during the year was 905, the net total of 947 being obtained by adjustment of " transferred " notifications. The births registered included 488 males and 459 females. There were 21 illegitimate births, or 2.2 per cent, of the total. In comparison with 1930, 148 more births were registered daring the year, an increase equivalent to 18.5 per cent. By the Notification of Births Act, 1907, all live births and still-births of seven months and over are required to be notified to the Medical Officer of Health within 36 hours. Of the total live births all except 27 or 2.9 per cent. were notified. In addition, 5 still-births were not notified.

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.