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373fed13-c8ae-4545-bbe6-b892ace1ead7 | 3 37.1 43.2 43.6 45.7 44 INFANTS.—BOYS. South Acton 115 36 33 38½ 38 40½ 38½ 42 39½ 41 38 Roman Catholic 19 35 31½ 39½ 37¼ 42 38½ 44½ 44 42¾ 40½ Priory 95 36½ 31½ 38½ 35 37½ 37¾ 43 41 45½ 45½ Beaumont Park 93 37 32½ 38¾ 35 41½ 39 41 40 41 400 St. |
804b0c2e-7dc2-4642-9789-4ee1d7414356 | Mary's 40 37¼ 33½ 38½ 35½ 40¾ 39½ 43 42¾ 44 47 Southfield Road 117 30½ 33 40 36 42 38½ 44 42 45 43 Central 73 37½ 33½ 40½ 36½ 42¾ 39 45½ 46½ 46¾ 44½ Rothschild Road 77 38 33¼ 39* 35¾ 43 40¾ 43½ 45½ 45½ 46 East Action 20 . . 39¼ 35¼ 41¾ 41½ 44½ 40½ 48 47 Willesden junction 23 37¼ 34 39¾ 37 41 39¾ 43½ 43¾ 46 48 101 The n... |
17dfa4de-a80c-45b7-8b77-225c60223619 | the figures are significant. At almost all age periods the children in the South Acton, Priory, Roman Catholic and Beaumont Park Schools are below the weight of the children in the other schools of the district. Last summer 86 children were selected by the teachers in the schools as being badly nourished. These childre... |
00b5e3ea-f3f3-4b45-a9c0-e5f4f375fd3b | The child bears in his own person some evidence that the home is not altogether what it might be. But in dealing with a large number of children, it is difficult to separate completely the robust from the delicate, and still more difficult to detect those who are slightly under-noutished, and whose home conditions upon... |
b7ad7fd0-5408-461d-8d40-c74fd486faa2 | Among the social factors peculiar to the district, the occupation of the parents, which has a bearing direct or indirect upon the children's health, must be considered. 162 In Acton at the census of 1901, there were 2488 women employed in the laundries of the district. The number has considerably increased since then. ... |
df072744-691b-4a9e-a366-9f136da5e880 | These women are occupied in this employment, not from choice, but from necessity, but as a result it follows that a large number of infants are artificially fed, often on tinned milks deficient in fat or on preparations of various foods. In South Acton a Creche has been established since January 1908 which will accommo... |
8233eaa8-ef80-453f-aa6a-2eaeaf816683 | The ill-effects due to the employment of the mothers does not end with those attending the Infants' Departments. As so many of the women work in the laundries it follows that many of the school children do not obtain a proper meal in the middle of the day, either because the mothers do not come home, or because they ha... |
01d46e02-4137-40c4-b977-f5c9fcb516b3 | In the Report of the Royal Commission on Physical Training occur these sentences: "We consider that the question of the proper and sufficient feeding of children is one which has the closest possible connection with any scheme which may be adopted for the physical, and equally for their mental work. It is evident that ... |
21af01ef-b823-43d4-94a2-1967dfd03c58 | We have no desire to give encouragement to any inclination of the parent to abandon any of his duties and responsibilities in regard to the feeding and clothing of his children; but it must be remembered that, with every desire to act up to their parental responsibility, and while ready to contribute in proportion to t... |
3e3e9e39-2fc7-403e-a9aa-f944fb0fa4b8 | Sixty-two cases were reported and 56 of these children were specially examined. The examination either took place at the school or in the homes of the children. Those cases which by reason of physical or mental defect were unable to attend school were visited at home and there examined: special enquiry being made to di... |
3cc18e94-5c9a-424e-97f2-6947ef885d67 | Their ages vary from 6 to 13 years. Many of the children are about 3 years behind the normal development to be expected from their age, and remain in the same standard nearly 2 years. They are not specially troublesome in class but make very little progress and are a source of much difficulty to the teachers. b. Mental... |
ee6725eb-a02d-4474-a673-5df6fadcdb98 | Are those individuals whose mental powers are at present beyond the reach of reason and appear likely to remain so. Among the imbecile children examined, four would be unable to attend any school, two children might possibly obtain benefit from special schools. d. Infantile Paralysis. One case examined is unsuitable fo... |
72411507-4718-459a-8663-0e8687826d1c | Special arrangements were made to have the child seen at Moorfields Eye Hospital, but so far the parents have not availed themselves of the opportunity. g. Epilepsy. The child examined is attending school as the fits do not occur too frequently to make school attendance inadvisable. h. Deafness- The child who is deaf s... |
1a09d85a-3008-449c-97dc-0a4f4b0af824 | Those for whom a special school is advisable—8 cases. a. Mentally defective 5 cases. b. Physically defective 3 cases. 3. Those for whom a special class is advisable—14 cases. 4. Those unsuitable for any school—8 cases. At present it has not been found possible to arrange a special class for backward or mentally defecti... |
70c4ba4c-e05f-4585-8941-5be74aa4f0fa | They are conducted to school and fetched from it by a guide, and at present six Acton children are attending this school. Blind children are provided for in a similar manner to those who suffer from deafness, and attend the Blind School in Edinburgh Road. No children from the district are now in attendance, but arrange... |
4b98a971-2566-4ba4-9db5-f55479eafda2 | Of these 10 were passed and 1 postponed. This candidate was passed on a subsequent medical examination. Twenty-two teachers have been examined on appointment to schools in this district, 21 of these were passed and one was rejected on account of defective health. A record of each physical examination together with the ... |
d7e19d9a-3a27-47c5-9b5e-246cea5f9c43 | of Scholars who have learned to swim this season. Acton Boys 1 24 182 13 6 Beaumont Park Boys 3 104 951 57 38 Beaumont Park Girls 1 39 402 5 3 Central Senior 5 128 1,800 82 31 Central Junior 3 100 1,440 36 26 Priory Boys 4 131 1,173 57 49 Priory Girls 1 44 368 12 10 South Acton Senior Boys 2 45 990 38 28 Southfield Rd.... |
0904d3ea-5b22-472a-abc5-5fda03c4a918 | We remain, Your obedient servants, D. J. THOMAS. L. E. WILSON. Woodgaths' Electric Printing Works, Strafford Road S. Acton. |
66ee4a88-f2db-40af-aa28-952367305146 | 1 Urban District of Acton. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Medical Officer of Health TOGETHER WITH THE REPORT ON THE Medical Inspection of Schools FOR THE YEAR 1909 . BS X 1/ 18 Act 17 1 Urban District of Acton. ANNUAL REPORT % OF THE Medical Officer of Health FOR THE YEAR 1909 2 By the Order of the Local Government Board, dated ... |
6bc57533-32a5-4935-8832-1410cd8189cd | The Report shall contain an account of the inquiries which he has made as to conditions injurious to health existing in the district, and of the proceedings in which he has taken part or advised under any Statute, so far as such proceedings relate to those conditions; and also an account of the supervision exercised by... |
7e253c6b-3703-4e86-861e-0901bf46acfc | in November 1908, it is recommended that the Report shall deal with the extent, distribution and causes of disease within the district; and should give an account of any noteworthy outbreak of epidemic diseases during the year under review, stating the result of investigations into their origin and propagation, and the... |
9cf67299-4b41-4a37-8c34-8442501b5db3 | ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH FOR THE YEAR 19O9. To the Chairman and Members of the Acton Urban District Council. Gentlemen, I have the honour to submit to the Council a report on the sanitary conditions of the district, together with the vital and other statistics for the year 1909. The population lia... |
6806951a-1220-4a04-829f-5524f06c1dae | The district was remarkably free from Enteric Fever, only 4 notifications being received. The Zymotic death-rate was the same as in 1908. The death-rate from Phthisis and other Tubercular diseases was lower. Changes in the Staff have to be recorded. 4 Mr. Fearns resigned in April owing to ill-health and Mr. A. Thomas w... |
5a8d7bc1-17c0-45a5-b055-8f6995308b4a | The following is a summary of the vital statistics for the year:— Estimated population, 56,000 inhabitants. Birth-rate, 26.4 per 1,000 inhabitants. Death-rate, 126 „ Infantile Mortality, 106 per 1,000 births Zymotic Death-rate, 2.2 per 1,000 inhabitants. Phthisis Death-rate, .87 „ Death-rate from other forms of Tubercu... |
a8dae0fd-4e8f-46d7-ac6a-4fe9d617b23f | This increase was not due to larger families, but to the conversion of houses formerly occupied by one family into flats. To 5 what extent the process is still going on it is difficult to estimate, but it is possible that the next census will reveal a still higher average number of persons to each house. On the other h... |
8912c068-f83e-46cb-b0d7-1f9c03234601 | It has been repeatedly urged that a more frequent enumeration should be made, and it is hoped that the Census Act of 1910 will provide for a quinquennial census. A quinquennial census appears especially necessary for places like Acton. When the census of 1911 has been made, it will be assumed that the increase since 19... |
c124b52d-d18d-43b4-af21-130dc9894e84 | Number 1480 Rate per 1,000 26.4 Rate per 1,000 in England and Wales 25.6 Rate per 1,000 in 76 large towns 25.7 Rate per 1,000 in 143 smaller towns 24.8 6 There were 1480 births registered as having occurred in the district. This number corresponds to a birth-rate of 26.4 per 1,000 inhabitants. On Table 1 the birth-rate... |
b258fdfb-cb50-4a77-acfe-66dada937908 | The birth-rate is not usually considered within the realms of public health; and when a spurious delicacy does not deter one from an adequate discussion of it, it is the fashion nowadays to lament the decline in national fertility. Although the remedy is beyond the scope of a Sanitary Authority, it is important to asce... |
3f62a921-cdbe-436d-b420-eae568356ed1 | We are not concerned with the economical, political and other considerations, but we may inquire into some of the causes which are operative in bringing about a result as to the main value of which we suspend judgment. The Registrar-General has for several years in his Annual Report given a table showing the movement o... |
146e9e91-1578-4d5a-be46-27e6a51e029e | Females age 15—45 years 1876—1880 153.3 1891—1895 126.8 1881 — 1885 144.3 1896—1900 118.8 1886—1890 133.3 1901—1905 112.5 From this table it is clearly seen that the decline in the birth-rate is due to a diminished fertility of women capable of child-bearing. The same phenomena is observed in Acton, but since 1903 the ... |
81b0b5a8-bffb-44c7-ac04-ee386adeb5ad | The following table gives the birth-rate per 1,000 females in Acton between the ages of 15 and 45 years:— 1901 113 1905 110 1902 107 1906 106 1903 116 1907 104 1904 112 1908 102 1909 94 When we turn to the Registrar General's statistics of illegitimate births, we find that in 30 years the birth-rate of illegitimates ha... |
07f16b10-bd49-4366-b0e0-6d976e024bc8 | per 1,000 living. 1906 39 25 .7 1907 37 24 .7 1908 42 26.8 .76 1909 29 19.2 .52 8 Some small allowance must be made for the fact that the Union Infirmary is situated outside the district. So far as the general decline in the birth-rate is to be ascribed to this contributory cause it must be contemplated with satisfacti... |
4393e81c-dd94-44e4-be99-b1d764ed3170 | Another factor that has operated in the production of a lower birth-rate is the higher age at which women enter into matrimony. Throughout the kingdom the average age at which persons marry is higher than formerly, and as a result the number of years spent by women of child-bearing age in wedlock has been proportionate... |
7645d54a-e5c7-4537-809c-37cc2fb3f97c | of the decline in the birthrate (based on the proportion of births to the female population aged 15—45 years) is due to the decrease in the population of married women in the female population of conception ages, and that over seven per cent. is due to decrease of illegitimacy. With regard to the remaining 79 per cent.... |
d9a2ae9b-7cb1-474f-a212-5deb6b2827d8 | Upon the whole question of a falling birth-rate we are not inclined to express an opinion, but there is an aspect of it which is of interest to all hygienists, and to which attention might profitably be called. Everyone admits that a high infantile mortality is hygienically and economically unsound. Infantile mortality... |
5d560614-753d-4d1b-8b55-3350fdc4bbf5 | Last year the birth-rate per 1,000 of the population in the different wards was as follows:— North-East. North West. South-East. South-West. 228 17.6 26.7 37.4 With the exception of the South-East Ward, the birthrate in all the Wards has been steadily undergoing a reduction. In like manner. the infantile mortality in t... |
62e52e8f-b9b5-42e2-a449-c124f544e057 | The Ward distribution of the births was as follows:— North-East. North-West. South-East. South-West. 331 220 294 635 Compared with 1908, fewer births occurred in the NorthEast, South-East and South-West Wards. In the NorthWest Ward there were 5 births more than in 1908. Of the births registered, 754 were of males, and ... |
bf220f36-3b7a-4b10-bb41-5ea449f52e67 | In the notes attached to the Local Government Board Tables it is stated that all deaths of residents occurring in public institutions, whether within or without the district, are to be included among the deaths of the district and in the columns for the several age-groups, and in their respective Wards according to the... |
e06c1b69-8398-4d28-8217-cd79955a67f7 | These regulations do not include those who die before they can be removed to a public institution. For instance, if a man from an outside district is injured on the railway here and the injury is instantaneously fatal the death is to be credited to Acton, If on the other hand he can be removed to a Hospital before he d... |
2cc665cd-5b2a-4aec-b919-b988fb6ed239 | I have therefore excluded the five belonging to other districts, and retained those who died outside the district. Five hundred and seventy-six deaths were registered in the district; five of these are referred to in the preceding 12 graph. These five were non-residents, but who had not died in a public institution. On... |
c0aeea70-c730-44a5-ba9e-ffdd45aab034 | The tendency to death is greatest among persons living at the extremes of life—among infants and old people. The ages at death last year were as follows:— Under 1 year. 1 to 5. 5 to 15. 15 to 25. 25 to 65. over 65. 158 102 40 30 208 170 The Registrar-General has published a table of "factors" for all the large towns, &... |
95acb371-8367-4a54-81de-448e8a890edf | If the "crude death-rate," 12.6, be multiplied by this figure, the "corrected" death-rate is 13.1. The corrected d?ath-rate for the 76 large towns is 15.6, and for the 143 smaller towns 14.5. 13 The death-rate is .5 per 1,000 lower than that of 1908, and 1.3 per 1,000 lower than that of 1907. There was a decrease in th... |
6462fd88-177b-4269-8997-dcff830851da | The deaths of infants under 12 months are dealt with in a succeeding paragraph, but almost as important is the agegroup, 1—5 years. It will be observed on Table IV. that the mortality of children between the ages of 1—5 years is much lower than that of children under 12 months. The burden of disease in childhood falls ... |
47aea960-e57e-4683-aaee-28d73c8450dc | They leave behind them the seeds of future ailments. The diseases which kill infants affect a still larger number of the survivors, leaving behind sequelae which so affect the tissues as to create a favourable ground or nidus for subsequent disease. Ward Distribution.— North-East. North-West. South-East. -West. 124 122... |
abdf01d8-4c97-4b26-ae18-6401d4999da4 | There is an excessive mortality from all the common infectious diseases, and from Digestive diseases. Diseases of childhood would naturally be more prevalent in the Ward, but the number of deaths from such diseases as Measles and Diarrhoea is far greater than the age constitution of the Ward would warrant. Out of 40 de... |
fedb467e-64f3-4b2b-b3d6-c9d9671bb563 | It is known that the poorest classes in our large towns suffer much more heavily from disease and loss of life than do the better class of artizans and wealthier classes. It does not follow that their poverty is the cause, although it may be granted that malnutrition produces disease. These classes may be poor through ... |
193a0b75-b331-4d41-9e39-3c346bca4323 | This investigation, of course, has not been made in Acton, but from the facts obtained in the investigation of infectious diseases and of malnutrition in school children, it is evident that poverty is an important factor in the causation of an excessive mortality in the South-West Ward. As poverty deepens, the death-ra... |
82521e46-4c2a-45ae-9a0d-c46bbbfa468d | More than one-half the deaths from Phthisis occurred in the South-West Ward. MEASLES. In 1909, 40 deaths were registered as due to Measles, 39 of these deaths occurred in Acton, and one in the Children's Hospital, Paddington Green. A glance at the history of the disease in Acton reveals some interesting points in its b... |
85b3c084-2dfe-4fa2-ba9f-1e7917f72490 | During the third quarter of the last century there was a decided improvement, but this was followed by a serious rise towards the end of the century. The following table gives the annual number of deaths in Acton per 100,000 inhabitants, in quinquennial periods for the 25 years 1886—1906. 1882—1886 1887—1891 1892—1896 ... |
82eb3f90-0ba9-4af7-93bf-703c63eccee0 | The major epidemic years were as follows— 1885, with a Death-rate of 120 per 100,000 1889, with a Death-rate of 115 per 100,000 1892, with a Death-rate of 98 per 100,000 1896, with a Death-rate of 80 per 100,000 1902, with a Death-rate of 78 per 100,000 Since 1902 the death-rate has not in any year reached 75 per 100,0... |
30db69f7-269d-4857-a372-93b1b408f3e0 | Following the epidemics of 1892 and 1902, there was no death from the disease in 1893 and 1903. There was a minor epidemic in 1900, followed by complete immunity in 1901, and preceded by a similar state of affairs in 1899. 17 Since 1903, not a single year has passed without a death from Measles, although the death-rate... |
a052a2ec-a80f-449e-9a6a-dfee5ccdfb27 | The first outbreak was limited to a few cases, and the introduction of the disease into the district can be traced with a fair degree of definiteness. A case of Measles, N. S., was notified from the South Acton Infants' School on December 16th, 1908. The child had been ill since December 11th, and the rash had appeared... |
bbc85c73-cb36-4578-979e-b0bfbcba3fbf | The disease was of a severe type and the child died on December 5th. As stated above, N. S. was notified on December 16th and inquiries made amongst children absent from school revealed two more cases. The infection could in all cases be traced to the case D.J. Two classes in the school were affec ted, and the three ch... |
ec65de57-2fc9-45a7-82e6-eed4fd65c8ec | The regulations for the exclusion of children from premises where Measles existed were observed, and no cases occurred in other houses. It is true that the South Acton School was well protected, as an outbreak of Measles had made its appearance amongst its pupils in 1908, but as will be shown later, 64 cases were repor... |
d1f5435c-1fd0-430e-968f-0573b40fca9b | The disease did not spread very extensively amongst the children attending this school; 43 cases were reported in April and one each in July and August. The explanation is probably to be found in the fact that Beaumont Park and South Acton were the two schools that suffered most severely from the epidemic of Measles in... |
00447fc2-d22d-4166-a03c-faca6c7496c8 | One case was reported in July and one in September. The outbreak spread far more extensively here than in Beaumont Park, but Southfield Road had escaped the epidemic of 1908 and the soil would therefore be more fruitful. In Beaumont Park five classes were affected, and in Southfield Road 15. Although better means of is... |
2762c588-588d-4abf-a427-003fa0c7cbf3 | 20 During the third week in May 12 cases were reported from the Priory School, and altogether 104 cases were notified from the Priory Infants Department. In June the disease had made its appearance in South Acton and St. Mary's Schools. During the second week in June 27 cases were notified from the South Acton Infants'... |
ebfa94c3-c400-4984-a394-cc263ea9c18a | Under such conditions Measles once introduced into the Infants' Departments of a school spreads with the greatest rapidity and often assails the whole of the susceptible children within a few weeks. If information could be obtained of the earliest cases school closure could then be resorted to with some prospect of suc... |
723eb215-15ee-4a10-b067-8a3505c40e77 | It is possible, though, 21 that school closure may have an effect on the fatality of an epidemic. It is well known that the principal danger of Measles lies in the size of the epidemic. There is a greater proportional case fatality in large than in small epidemics. The cases increase in severity as an epidemic progress... |
84931225-70e5-4206-8407-8023fffd9fa9 | March 1st week 7 ,, 2nd ,, 0 ,, 3rd ,, 1 1 ,, 4th ,, 13 April 1st ,, 59 1 ,, 2nd ,, 5 ,, 3rd ,, 100 ,, 4th ,, 31 2 May 1st ,, 22 2 ,, 2nd ,, 14 3 ,, 3rd ,, 13 3 ,, 4th ,, 14 3 June 1st ,, 26 2 ,, 2nd ,, 47 2 ,, 3rd 39 3 ,, 4th 23 2 July 1st ,, 12 1 ,, 2nd ,, 17 2 ,, 3rd ,, 10 3 ,, 4th ,, 7 6 August 3rd ,, 1 ,, 4th ,, 2... |
413dcbc4-fe10-4ef1-9b3f-2c48e79f2fb4 | The outbreak reached its height during the third week in April, and began to decline towards the end of May. The number of deaths, though, was higher in July than in any other month. Of course a certain interval generally 22 elapses between the appearance of the rash and death, but in this epidemic the deaths in most o... |
cd5bb4a2-c87e-4dee-b83f-feaa2ecfe013 | School closure may diminish the virulence of an epidemic by removing children from a vitiated atmosphere. It has been pointed out in previous Annual Reports that the age at which relatively the greatest number of children die of measles is the second year of life. After the third year has passed there is a rapid decrea... |
05d0ceec-6673-432c-a202-d058143a1d4d | 4 to 5. 5 to 6. 6 to 7. 7 to 8. Over 8 years. 41 120 140 105 56 31 Although the above tables are not complete, they are sufficient to show that the incidence of attack is different from that 23 of death. The main incidence of death is on the second year, while the incidence of attack is on the fourth, fifth and six yea... |
4cfde8ac-4075-4fb4-9b1e-face9a05e179 | Raising the age of attendance to five years would diminish the spread of infection for a time, but it must be recognised that in the southern portion of Acton the exclusion of children under five must lead to the establishment of Creches. The question of controlling infection in Creches would have to be considered, as ... |
da5bf533-a463-424f-8a72-7524063d10cf | In the first one, that is the one that was controlled and in which only nine cases occurred, we were fortunate in being notified of the first case at the time of its occurrence. In the second, and more extensive outbreak, the first notifications referred to the first "crop" and not to the first "case." The difficulty o... |
bc918029-7211-42cb-866a-f4043c4bbd09 | Margaret's Terrace 5 deaths. Somerset Road 4 ,, Stirling Road 2 ,, Junction Road 2 ,, Hanbury Road 2 ,, Nelson Place 2 ,, Berrymede Road 2 ,, Southfield Road 2 ,, Stanley Road 2 ,, St. Alban's Avenue 1 death Shirley Road 1 ,, Whellock Road 1 ,, Bolton Road 1 ,, Rothschild Road 1 ,, Palmerston Road 1 ,, Acton Lane 1 ,, ... |
c95270c1-2d65-4c89-990f-ac91831bdaa9 | Poverty re-acts on the case-fatality of Measles in many ways. One authority asserts that a fire in the bedroom is one of the most necessary items in the treatment of the disease. Where poverty so great as to render this fire impossible exists, the children develop complications which make the percentage of deaths abnor... |
0f87b4f0-0d69-4c4e-b37d-36031096ca59 | Out of 141 cases reported from Southfield Road, in 69 there was a doctor in attendance ; from Beaumont Park, out of 65 cases reported, a doctor attended in 32 of them, and from Rothschild Road a doctor was in attendance on 30 out of 61 cases reported. In the Priory, on the other hand, out of 104 cases reported, in 6 on... |
43efc410-b027-4228-9d7c-297513a4080f | It would be impracticable to nurse even a majority of the cases in a 26 hospital, and the experience of Glasgow has not been attended with very encouraging results. WHOOPING COUGH. Thirteen deaths occurred from Whooping Cough. Six of the deaths occurred in the South-West Ward, four in the SouthEast, two in the North-Ea... |
1a05ee28-0047-4491-833d-8d1c534cc7e0 | School children suffering from Whooping Cough are notified by the teachers, and the houses are visited by the school nurse and instructions are given as to the isolation of the patient and general treatment of the illness. SCARLET FEVER. Scarlet Fever continued in its prevalence almost throughout the year. Towards the ... |
1e6da816-0133-4e92-9a0b-3476f3959546 | The source of infection in a fatal case may have been an individual suffering from the mildest of symptoms. The intensity of the symptoms, of course, depends upon two factors—the seed and the soil. Children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids, for instance, usually exhibit symptoms of a severe type. But apart from the s... |
fc97176f-b102-472a-8d1e-64204f9c8c4d | Throughout the earlier part of the epidemic the majority of the cases exhibited very mild symptoms, but during the last quarter of 1909 the symptoms were of a severe type, and this latter fact rendered the control of the disease easier. Elementary schools rank first in importance as centres, where infectious diseases a... |
fcfc4c05-2790-4ad2-a622-77d3600dd7fe | A child may return to school before he is free from infection. During the earlier part of the year probably the "missed " case was the most important factor in the spread of the disease. During the first week in February there was a sudden increase in the number of notifications received. The school principally affecte... |
d263fee0-bade-46c4-8960-6b548fc6e30f | A child attending Rothschild Road was being kept under observation; on examining the children at the house, a sister aged 12, attending Beaumont Park School, was found profusely peeling. The detection of these "missed" cases usually results in the cessation of notifications from the schools affected, and the absence of... |
b0e1b6c6-a669-4e3d-bba4-8c702a7bd6d6 | In 43 houses two cases occurred in each, in 12 houses three cases each, in seven houses four cases each, and five cases occurred in one house and six in another house. In 21 instances two of the cases occurred on the same day, in 15 instances the second notification was received within a week of the first, in nine case... |
42604890-4600-4fa5-a2d9-fcffff9d228b | In the 21 instances where the two notifications were received on the same day, one of the children infected the second in the house. This early infection is consistent with the views now held of the mode in which the disease is propagated. The infection probably lies in the throat, nose and mouth. When a person is sick... |
d80e2c5f-18c7-4d86-afd4-7c0945597eee | F. N. was removed to the Hospital on December 17th, 1908, and discharged on January 30th, E. N., a sister of F. N., was notified of Scarlet Fever on* January 22nd. E.N. could not possibly have been infected directly by F. N. unless we assume that the incubation period of Scarlet Fever extended over a period of five wee... |
28593736-4573-42c0-8880-86e465d74cc5 | It had been intended to discharge A. A. in the first week in February, but owing to the development of a complication he was not discharged until March 15 th. More difficult of control is the third class of cases where the child may return to the home or the school before he is free from infection. Whether isolated at ... |
bee3a550-8a01-477c-9053-49ea966f976a | Nine cases discharged from the Hospital were followed within one month by the occurrence of other cases of Scarlet Fever in the same house. This is a great improvement on 1908 when 27 such cases occurred. Many authorities believe that the phenomenon of return cases is essentially due to imperfections in Hospital manage... |
401b46d2-823b-43f7-81a2-e7d8fd25a1cd | No matter what care would be taken prior to his discharge from the Hospital I felt convinced that he would probably give rise to a "return" case. He was discharged from the Hospital on December 7th, 1908, and was taken to the Mary Wardell Home for three weeks. On January 2nd, 1909, P. R., his brother, was notified of S... |
7972b8b8-884a-44d8-8101-42ff14a8d177 | This statement is probably true, but it is certain that it would not meet the case of P. R. mentioned above, and it does not explain everything in connection with "return" cases. "Return" cases 32 are not solely hospital phenomena. They occur after home isolation. Last year seven "return" cases occurred after home isol... |
a6a220ee-2325-42ac-a120-7944c5d77665 | The wider recognition of the occurrence of “return” cases has been the means of raising other questions One of these relates to the length of time during which a person attacked by Scarlet Fever may be infectious, and in the Annual Report for 1908, instances were given which showed the tendency of Scarlet Fever to recu... |
66ce5e84-908f-48de-b6e6-a209dac6e768 | In 13 of these the recurrent case occurred amongst members of the same family as the primary one, and the interval which elapsed between the first and second case was as follows:— 33 3 months 2 cases 4 , 1 case 7 , 1 , 9 , 1 , 11 , 2 cases 17 , 2 , 21 , 1 case 27 , 1 , 36 , 1 , 40 , 1 , 45 , 1 , In 17, the recurrent ca... |
97fe5a97-81b2-487e-b2ec-7d1ee73f2010 | It has been suggested that under varying but occasionally recognisable conditions, persons recovered from Scarlet Fever are capable of conveying the infection to others after intervals frequently of prolonged duration, when apparently they had ceased to be infectious. One of the conditions under which the infection of ... |
43ed1835-9b5c-4a72-9533-1f1dc39344a8 | In one case, the interval which had elapsed between the first and second attack was 13 months, in the second case, the interval was 21 months, and in the third, the interval was four years and eight months. The ages of the patients and the ward distribution of the disease will be found on Table 3, of the Local Governme... |
a8544180-d5c1-429d-95b6-7d0432d98819 | Sixty-two out of the 104 cases were amongst children attending school, and probably the school plays the most important part in the spread of the disease. It is noteworthy that Diphtheria was not most prevalent in the elementary schools situated in the poorest part of the district. This was 35 partly due to the fact th... |
91349bf1-0d5b-49a5-8033-b715bbc224be | There is another explanation why the incidence of the disease is heavier on some schools than on others. "Carrier" cases may be divided into three Classes:— 1. Those who show or have shown no signs of disease. 2. Those who suffer from a mild attack. 3. Those who have recovered from a recognised attack. Those belonging ... |
cf2ffb15-e046-4694-b7c6-48f86822a80d | It is true that the patients are kept out of school for three weeks after the premises have been disinfected, but experience shows that it is possible to obtain a single negative result after the disappearance of the clinical symptoms, and yet detect the germs in the throat many weeks afterwards. "Carrier" cases are ra... |
54049699-5e3f-4876-873e-8f417e56c454 | In one of these an interval of two months had elapsed between the occurrence of the first and second cases, and in the other an interval of four months. In two other instances where Diphtheria was notified, a previous case had occurred in the house. In one of these the interval between the first and second notification... |
6248ddb5-e1c7-4acb-8ec2-e5904b9a5dda | W. P. was discharged from the Hospital on October nth, and notified of Diphtheria on December 14th. O. H. was discharged from the Hospital on August 20th and notified of Diphtheria on November 6th. W. B. was discharged from the Hospital on June 28th and a sister was notified of Diphtheria on December 30th. In this case... |
072a9924-94be-40f1-bd88-bc02a7944dea | In view of the possibility of hospital infection the throats of the Scarlet Fever patients were swabbed on admission and prior to their discharge. As a result it was found that two of the children suffering from Scarlet Fever harboured also the germs of Diphtheria on their admission to the Hospital. It is interesting t... |
216e6432-dfd8-4139-8cf9-af0722d7f426 | Scarlet Fever notified on June 1st; sister notified of Diphtheria on August 6th. 3. Scarlet Fever notified on March 29th; brother notified of Diphtheria on May 19th. The question is naturally asked are Scarlet Fever and Diphtheria interchangeable, or are they distinct diseases. Dr. 38 Hamer, in a paper before the Epide... |
650b81b1-53d2-43bd-8081-ad745191fe44 | It is easy to understand how it happens that, provided the soil is once prepared, whether by some unknown specific organism or by a specific 'ferment,' the widely distributed ' secondary invader' finds scope for its development, and the well-known bacteriological phenomena associated with an attack of Diphtheria interv... |
43981218-a433-4dc1-9231-cfbfe3e1a5b7 | The "carrier" theory seemed to fit more easily to the facts. Cases of Diphtheria crop up in different districts at intervals until a " missed " case is detected, when the outbreak immediately ceases. Instances were given in last year's report of such outbreaks in Valetta Road and The Avenue. A somewhat similar instance... |
7d9a33a5-b256-429f-acad-bb33cb4cfe78 | The decline has occurred at every age-period and in both sexes, but the rate of decrease has varied widely, and has been much greater in the female than in the male sex. At the present time the incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis or Con" sumption is appreciably heavier on males than females. From 1851 to 1863 the great... |
c0ffb084-ddd3-420f-ae22-ffcff37af9d4 | But of the 41 deaths in persons over 15 years of age. 25 were in males and 16 in females. Nor was last year unique in this respect. The following table gives the number of deaths from Phthisis in Males and Females since 1905: 40 Under 15 years. Over 15 years. Male. Female. Male. Female. 1905 4 6 18 15 1906 1 24 23 1907... |
8b1c3bb3-dc43-40cd-828e-9eddcde1c732 | It has been suggested that the higher incidence upon the male during adult and later life is due to occupational conditions. In some occupations, such as those of the Cornish miners and Sheffield grinders, the heavier incidence may be due to an actual wounding of the lung substance. In this district there are hardly an... |
a7782b1e-4e0e-435f-8b32-86da18a0ec43 | females. General Labourer 3 Household 8 Butcher 1 Laundress 3 Clerk 2 Dressmaker 2 Hairdresser 1 Domestic Cook 1 Hay-binder 1 Lace Worker 1 Schoolmaster 1 Upholstress 1 Printer 1 Plumber 1 Plasterer 1 Carman 1 Carpenter 1 Baker 1 Tobacconist 1 Steel-grinder 1 Rag Sorter 1 Bricklayer 1 Jeweller 1 Physician 1 No Occupati... |
6029db1a-1020-4c03-8486-7c20b21adfca | It has also been suggested that men are more liable to ■infection in public houses and common lodging houses. The researches of Dr. Niven in Manchester prove how potent both these factors are in the etiology of Phthisis, but last year there were no deaths among persons removed from a common lodging house to the infirma... |
5acc6970-8666-4375-baf4-e6a37081b24c | It has also been suggested that the explanation may in part be a physiological one, and as such the case would be outside the range of activity of a sanitary authority. It would serve no purpose in discussing the subject in an annual report. It is now generally held that Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by ... |
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