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3552ebed-0071-47f0-a83e-8949adf3e25a | Under certain conditions, though, Tuberculosis seems to be more likely of being communicated from one person to another. The children of tubercular parents, for instance, are more likely than others to become tuberculous, and in six of 43 the deaths in Acton in 1909 one of the parents had previously succumbed to the disease. In addition, there were 10 other instances in which another member of the family had previously died of Tuberculosis. In these 16 cases the source of infection was fairly clear and Phthisis is admitted to be a communicable disease under such conditions. It is also infectious under conditions of close personal intimacy, such as persons sharing the same bed or the same room, or shut up together in numbers in close, ill ventilated apartments. But during the year under review, some cases occurred which suggest that such close personal intimacy is not always required for the communication of Phthisis from one person to the other. Instances of two persons in the employ of the Council may be cited. |
344db9e2-caa0-4042-998d-9c7ae71b678e | A case of Consumption occurred in the Accountant's Department in 1907. The patient was off duty on account of the disease in April 1907 and was admitted to the Northwood Sanatorium for treatment. He succumbed to the disease in May 1908. In August 1909 another official in the Accountant's Department had an attack of Haemoptysis, and Phthisis was diagnosed. Both persons worked in the same room. In October a case of Phthisis occurred in the Health Department, and the official was off duty until March 1908 when she sent in her resignation. In July 1908 another official in the Health Department was incapacitated from work, but it is known that he had been suffering for some time from a slight cough, and had an evening temperature. The 44 two officials in the Health Department were not working in the same room, but there were many opportunities of infection. The same telephone was used by both. |
777741b0-cca3-48e4-9535-9c2b79178c9f | It is always very difficult to ascertain the date of the onset of the disease. It is certain that in the two second cases in each department the onset of the first symptoms was much earlier than the date of the incapacitation from duty, and the date of the infection with tubercle is thrust still further back. As stated in a preceding paragraph it is extremely difficult to estimate how far chance may have been operative, but from the history of the cases it is quite possible for the second case to have been infected from the previous case that occurred in the department. Other instances might be quoted where the source of infection seemed to be more definitely located. In November 1909 a case was notified from a house in Goldsmith Road. The patient had resided there as a lodger for three years. In April 1908 another case had been notified from the same house. The two cases were in no way related to each other, but naturally came into intimate contact with each other. |
398ed41e-77fb-48e8-afb4-320fe1b924d2 | In the second case there was no family history of Tubercle, but the nature of his work may have predisposed him to attack. He was employed as a pattern maker, and the workshop was dusty. This may have rendered him susceptible to attack, and to infection at the house where he lodged. Although an exaggerated fear of infection in pulmonary tuberculosis is unnecessary, these examples emphasize the desirability of inculcating more exact knowledge of the disease. Fortunately, Phthisis differs in several important respects from most of the acute infectious diseases. Its infection is derived under ordinary circumstances from one channel only, that of the lungs, the infectious material being discharged as expectoration or as cough spray. This mode of infection can be controlled by the patient with but little trouble, if he is intelligent and scrupulously careful. The 45 importance of teaching hygiene in school life as an aid in the fight against tuberculosis is dealt with in the report on Medical Inspection of Schools. |
12ea4cf5-83c7-453a-b768-431cb5364525 | It is more urgently necessary that instruction should be given to those more directly exposed to tuberculous infection, and the value of notification is especially evident in this direction. The Council adopted the principle of voluntary notification in June 1903, the sum of 2s. 6d. being paid for each case notified. The results of voluntary notification in Acton have always been disappointing, and only 13 voluntary notifications were received during the year, eight of these being from chest hospitals. In addition in five children inspected in the schools, symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis were detected. Under the Public Health Tuberculosis Regulations of 1908, 52 persons were notified as suffering from consumption. Twenty-one cases were notified from the Isleworth Infirmary, and 17 deaths occurred in Public Institutions. The vastly increased treatment of advanced cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in infirmaries and other institutions has been most valuable in securing segregation of patients from their families, as well as securing humane treatment for the patients themselves. |
01b75415-5fdb-4bdc-9b55-062fcb4891d5 | It is during the last four or five weeks of the illness that the danger of infection is greatest. The segregation which occurs under Poor Law Administration and special hospitals has the effect of removing the source of infection at a time when such infection is greatest. It also increases the resources of the family at home. One of the chief obstacles, though, in dealing with Pulmonary Tuberculosis is the difficulty of obtaining information of the early cases. This difficulty is apparent not only in the notification of the disease, but also in the selection of cases for Sanatorium treatment. It is too early to deal with the result of the treatment in 1908 and 1909, but it seems as if an earlier class of cases now apply for admission into the Sanatorium. In 1905 the Council entered into an agreement whereby it maintained three beds at the Northwood 46 Sanatorium. In 1907 the number of beds was reduced to two. During the earlier years the result of treatment was very disappointing. |
a8fa403d-9777-484a-a157-839fcbb3143b | In 1905 five cases were admitted. At the end of 1909 two of these were dead, two had left the district and one was still able to work. The last case was a fairly early one, and was fortunate in finding an outdoor occupation on his discharge. In 1906 ten cases were admitted. Of these five are dead, two have left the district, one cannot be traced and two are <Ioing well and show no signs of relapse. In 1907 eight were admitted. Of these three are dead, one had left the district, one has relapsed and three are doing well. In 1908 six were admitted. One is dead, the other five show no signs of relapse. In 1909 nine were admitted. Two made no improvement and one is dead. |
433ccf2e-0a24-41a5-aa09-3f4c8adca474 | In almost all the cases the immediate results were gratifying, and when early and suitable cases can be secured a considerable percentage may be returned to the ranks of active workers and remain in those ranks for several years. The percentage gets smaller as the interval since their discharge increases. To procure lasting effect earlier cases must be treated, and the patient must be cared for on discharge so that he can gradually return to work. But these are really only two phases of one question. If treatment could be carried out in the earliest stages of the disease, after-care would probably be unnecessary. More than one-half of the human race has tubercle and goes on living without knowing it. At least 50 per cent. of people dying from other diseases present evidences of healed tubercular foci. Those persons with healed tubercular foci 47 were probably placed in favourable circumstances to fight the disease, and were able to resume their ordinary occupations. |
406b8a23-758c-4181-941f-fd7d3668032c | If persons suffering from Consumption could undergo treatment in the earliest stages, the majority of them could probably resume their ordinary occupations. Under present conditions, patients relapse after a three or four months sojurn in a Sanatorium for want of a suitable employment. It is easy to say that an attempt must be made to wean them from the ill-ventilated, stuffy conditions under which they contracted the disease, and to obtain for them a more open-air occupation. A change of occupation means a lessened wage, and very few married working men can afford to accept an employment which means less wages. Their present wages are barely sufficient to keep their families, and to tell them that they must have a more suitable occupation is mere mockery. Under present social conditions early diagnosis and early treatment are essential. At the present time, the provision of facilities for the gratuitous bacteriological examination of sputum is considered one of the most successful means of securing an earlier recognition of cases. |
3fdc61ee-5bc8-41ac-a861-ac073508f327 | The Council has for some years undertaken the bacteriological examination of all suspicious cases, and during the last year 51 such examinations were made. In some places Tuberculosis Dispensaries have been instituted. The object of these institutions is to secure early diagnosis for patients suspected to be suffering from Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The same cause which militated against the detection of early cases of consumption also prevents the treatment of early cases. Verv few married men among the industrial population can view with anything but dismay a prolonged sojurn at a Sanatorium, and he is consequently very loth to admit that he is sufficiently ill to consult a doctor. Unless some arrangement can be made to support the family without pauperising them 48 while the husband is under treatment, the difficulty of obtaining cases in a sufficiently early stage will remain. As bearing on this part of the question the words of Herr Bielefeldt at the Paris Congress in 1905 are worth quoting. |
43a7d9d0-ded8-4ffc-95c9-b2a0ef1e538d | He said that " among all the forces entering into operation in the Anti-tuberculosis battle in Germany, the German workman's insurance occupies the foremost place, and the results which have been acheived are due for the most part to the therapeutic and prophylactic measures of the German workmen's insurance." Consumption is a social malady, and poverty stands out prominently as the important factor influencing Tuberculosis. Not only does poverty prevent the sufferers from seeking early treatment but it acts in diminishing resistance to the disease. Overcrowding, lack of sunlight and ventilation are all factors in the spread of the disease, but the immediate advantages which accrue to phthisical patients when they receive more nourishment indicates that it may be mainly through the channel of defective nourishment that poverty exerts its influence- More than one-half of the deaths from the disease last year occurred in the South-West Ward. ENTERIC FEVER. Four cases of Enteric Fever were notified and one death occurred from the disease. |
9ac180b9-233a-46e8-ba0a-18c2f889a26c | The first case had not been out of the district for some time, and there was no history that she had eaten any of the articles associated with Enteric Fever. Her husband had had Enteric Fever seven years ago, but had not suffered from Gallstones. The second obtained most of his meals outside the district. He succumbed to the disease, and, as he was unconscious when the notification was received, no definite history could be obtained. 49 In the third case the probable source of infection was not traced. In the fourth case the patient had eaten some shell-fish brought from Leigh-on-Sea, about three weeks before the onset of the symptoms. INFANTILE MORTALITY. One hundred and forty-six deaths under one year of age were registered in the district, and 12 infants under one year of age died in public institutions beyond the district, making a total of 158. The latter figure corresponds to an infantile mortality of 106 per 1,000 births. |
ec988d66-d5d4-4944-9cf1-f2185e67c701 | The infantile mortality in England and Wales last year was 109; in the 76 large towns it amounted to 116; and in the 143 smaller towns it was in. The deaths were distributed as follows :β North-East Ward 19 North-West Ward 11 South-East Ward 37 South-West Ward 91 The infantile mortality in each ward would be :β North-East Ward 57 per 1,000 births. North-West Ward 50 β β South-East Ward 126 β β South-West Ward 143 β β The infantile mortality was 14 per 1,000 lower than in 1908 and 24 per 1,000 lower than in 1907. Compared with 1908, the mortality in 1909 was higher in the South-East Ward, but lower in the three other Wards. There was a diminution in the number of deaths from DiarrhΕal diseases. |
bedfc93c-01e4-46df-ae53-728484a5f863 | The relatively cool summer undoubtedly had great influence on the prevalence of diarhΕal diseases, but other causes have also been in operation. Many agencies, municipal and voluntary, have been instrumental in spreading 50 information on the important question of breast-feeding, but the most effective work has been done through the agency of health visitors. Health-visiting has now been carried on in Acton for over five years, and attention has been more particularly directed towards infant rearing. The work recently has been supplemented by other agencies. At the start, the late date at which births were usually registered militated against the efficiency of the visitation, but since the adoption of the Notification of Births Act, the houses have been visited before the mischief of weaning has been accomplished. It is now generally recognised that the mortality amongst artificially fed infants from diarrhoeal diseases is far higher than amongst breast-fed ones. |
0d0a4cfc-3e22-4638-8a5a-c74fc50044f3 | It is unnecessary here to enter into the various theories regarding the causation of Summer diarrhoea, and in what manner breast-fed infants are rendered comparatively immune. It is sufficient to know that breast-fed infants rarely succumb to diarrhΕeal diseases. Last year only two breast-fed infants died from diarrhoeal diseases. One of these had Measles five months previously, and the other child died in January. Although dependent upon many conditions, diarrhΕal diseases in children are due to the invasion of the body by bacteria. With regard to the mode of transmission it has been widely held that milk is the main, if not the only, source of infection. It is known, of course, that the milk may be contaminated at various points, but it is significant that, though the proportion of breast-fed infants is probably less in the North-East and North-West Wards, no deaths under 12 months old from diarrhoeal diseases occurred in these Wards. |
6c50cb30-a018-453a-bc77-072405c81208 | Thirty of the deaths occurred in the South-West Ward and three in the South-East Ward. The milk supply of the SouthWest Ward does not differ largely from that of the other Wards, yet the mortality from diarrhoeal diseases was almost entirely confined to that Ward. The explanation is, that diarrhoeal diseases are dependent not only upon the milk supply 51 but also upon social and sanitary conditions. Summer DiarrhΕa is an infective disease, and though milk may be the carrier of infection, the source of the contamination may reside in the home conditions. Moreover, overcrowding and other insanitary conditions act as predisposing factors in determining a fatal attack of DiarrhΕa. There were 17 deaths from Pneumonia and 11 from Bronchitis. In addition to these, there were 15 deaths from Pneumonia and two from Bronchitis in children between the ages of one and five years. |
221b7260-67eb-4de9-a6c7-534da48a1474 | For many reasons it is advisable to deal with deaths from Pneumonia and Bronchitis together. In a report to the Local Government Board, Dr. Foulerton states that when the relative mortality from Bronchitis and Pneumonia is tested by the results of actual examination of the lungs in children after death from respiratory diseases it is found that deaths from Pneumonia preponderate probably in the ratio of about 94:6. The apparent frequency of Bronchitis as a cause of death is the result of error in death certification, attributable to difficulty in diagnosis between Bronchitis and Pneumonia during life in young children. |
94d276d7-fa11-4f20-8592-40c687d0f445 | Under the heading Bronchitis and Pneumonia will be included not only " the so-called 'primary ' Pneumonia, which occurs without any obvious precedent departure from health, but also the Pneumonia which occurs in children who have been ailing because of defect existing at birth or because of various unfavourable general conditions affecting them after birth, and the Pneumonia which follows as a more or less remote effect of the common infectious diseases and when all characteristic symptoms of the primary illness have disappeared." Of the deaths from Respiratory Diseases, three occurred within one month of birth. The three children were delicate at birth, and probably the lung disease was only an incident and not the true cause of death. 52 Six children died in their fourth week. Three of these had been ailing since birth; one was stated to have had influenza, one was said to have been healthy at birth, and in the other, information was withheld. |
c107444f-f382-4f65-9316-de7e586a3f38 | Of the cases over two months old inquired into, six were delicate children at birth, and had always been ailing; one was a twin ; one was stated to have had influenza, and six were stated to have been "quite healthy" until the lung disease supervened. Of the six who were stated not to have had any previous illness, the mothers of four of these were employed in laundry work. Of the 14 deaths in children between two and twelve months old from lung disease, in only four instances had the mother suckled her child. Dr. Foulerton, in the report above mentioned, states that if the general causes predisposing to, and the special conditions associated with, pneumonia amongst young children are viewed broadly, it will be found that in the first year of life gross defects of development and ante-natal infection with syphilis have a distinct influence. |
d5eca3f3-bf64-4d3d-a78f-408cc8511448 | It will be found also that many of the deaths in the first year are associated with marasmus, whether that condition is due to prematurity of birth or be caused by artificial feeding. Association of pneumonia with rickets also becomes noticeable towards the end of the first year. The broncho-pneumonia, which is the chief cause of the heavy mortality from diseases of the respiratory system in children, is believed to be, in the main, an effect of direct infection of the lung, occurring usually under conditions of general enfeeblement in which the power of resistance of the lung against bacterial invasion from without is lowered, and if this view is correct, the importance of artificial feeding as a primary cause of lung disease becomes apparent. 53 The predominating importance of artificial feeding in the causation of infantile mortality requires emphasis. Artificial feeding produces a general enfeeblement and reduces the power of resistance in the child. |
0c617031-55fe-4f5a-b871-715e5d3da025 | When this condition operates in conjunction with insanitary conditions, in the summer months deaths from DiarrhΕal Diseases result, and in the winter months deaths from Respiratory Diseases. There were 28 deaths from Prematurity, compared with 25 in 1908. There were also 21 deaths from Congenital Debility and Marasmus, seven from Congenital defects, three from want of breast milk and two from injury at birth. Prematurity and Congenital Debility arise in the main from disease in the parents, or ill-health or ill-nutrition in the mother. In a former Annual Report the effect of married female labour was discussed, and the investigations made last year point to the same conclusion as was arrived at on the previous occasion. The deaths from Prematurity were investigated into, and in four instances the mothers were employed in industrial occupations. One worked as a charwomen, and the hours of work were from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. |
19731472-1fed-4851-b2a3-d4b850823289 | The other three mothers were employed as laundresses, and the hours of work were stated to be about 12 hours a day. It is doubtful if work is injurious to the expectant mother, provided it is not heavy or prolonged. The influence of industrial employment is largely masked by the general state of poverty. Possibly, the improved food and greater comfort which their work means, more than counteract its disadvantages to the mother. Out of 29 children born out of wedlock five died before reaching the age of 12 months. 54 CANCER. Fifty-two deaths occurred from Cancer or Malignant Disease. The Ward distribution of the disease was as follows:β North-East Ward 15 North-West Ward 11 South-East Ward 10 South-West Ward 16 It is impossible to state accurately the relative prevalence of the disease in the different wards, unless we know the age distribution in each ward. |
a075f080-3dc6-4649-bbfc-ff04c1c949a1 | It is interesting to note, though, that the mortality from the disease has been consistently highest in the North-East Ward, and lowest in the South-East Ward. In 1909 this peculiarity in its distribution has not been so marked. For the last four years the average yearly mortality has been over 1 per 1,000 in the North-East Ward. It has been said that Cancer is more prevalent in low-lying districts; the distribution of the disease in Acton lends no colour to that theory. The average yearly mortality in the South-East Ward was under 7 per 1,000 inhabitants. Nor does the distribution of the disease correspond to the views held as to the relation of Cancer incidence to social status. It is held that the Cancer-rate is highest amongst men and women where the birth-rate is lowest. As this applies to both men and women it is a question of social status and method of life rather than the direct relationship of multiparity to Cancer. |
822ee5bb-9ff5-4639-8e87-25e8b5f107b3 | The birth-rate in Acton is highest in the SouthWest Ward, the South-East, North-East and North-West, following in the order named, the lowest birth-rate being in the North-West. The average Cancer death-rate for the last four years has been :βSouth-East .7, North West .8, South-West .9, and North-East 1. 55 Twenty-nine of the deaths were in females and 13 in males. The preponderance of females is more marked than in former years, and is not entirely due to Cancer of the Reproductive organs. There were three deaths from Cancer of the Uterus and seven from Cancer of the Breast, all in females. |
1fd1e905-157b-472f-9a1f-125aff3d6eb5 | The seat of the disease which caused the other deaths was as follows :β Tongue 1 Ossophagus 3 Stomach 6 Bowels 12 Liver and Pancreas 8 Gall Bladder 2 Kidney 2 Bladder 1 Lungs 2 Brains 1 Peritoneum 1 Skin 1 Glands 1 Not stated 1 NOTIFICATION OF BIRTHS ACT, 1907. One thousand four hundred and six births and 28 still births were notified during the year. Four hundred and thirty-seven of these were notified by a doctor, 855 by a midwife, and 114 by the fathers of the children. One hundred and forty-seven births were registered that had not been notified within the statutory period. DAIRIES AND COWSHEDS. There are two cowkeepers and 80 purveyors of milk on the register There were five changes of occupation and three new premises were registered. 56 INQUESTS. |
13636bb6-0e58-4475-8cc5-6a559e8cef1c | Thirty-eight inquests were held, the cause of death being: β Accidental burns 4 Shock following a bath 1 Suicide 4 Heart disease 11 Run over by a van 2 Pneumonia 3 Run over by a train 1 Aortic Anenospin 2 Murder 1 Tubercular Meningitis 1 Found dead 1 Want of food 1 Accidental fall 1 Insufficient nourishment 1 Fall from train 1 Dilatatius of heart 1 Overlaying 1 Status Lymphetricus 1 MORTUARY. Thirty-eight bodies were removed to the Mortuary, and 25 postmortem examinations were made there. OFFENSIVE TRADES. There are two offensive trades carried on in the districtβ fat extraction, and the manufacture of a chemical fertilizer. SLAUGHTER HOUSES. There are two licensed and one registered slaughterhouses in the district. One registered slaughter house was discontinued during the year. COMMON LODGING HOUSES. |
12d4636e-f48a-4471-a29d-4ed9c571ab8a | There are three Common Lodging Houses registered in the district, and 306 inspections were made during the year. There were seven contraventions of the Bye-laws. REFUSE DISPOSAL. All the house refuse is now disposed of in the Destructor recently erected in the northern part of the district. 57 SEWAGE DISPOSAL. A description of the Sewage Works was given in the reports of 1908 and 1907. The result of the Sewage Act of 1905 will be that all the sewage will be taken out of the district immediately. In ordinary circumstances the sewage will pass directly into the Metropolitan Sewers, and in cases of storm the overflow will be filtered and emptied into the Thames. ISOLATION HOSPITAL. During the year 380 patients were admitted. On January 1st, 1909, there were 51 patients under treatment and on January, 1st, 1910, 48. |
76398d36-b1bf-4e75-a2a4-376a3938ab4e | During the year 360 patients were discharged and there were 21 deaths. Diphtheria. Sixty-nine cases of Diphtheria were admitted and there were ten deaths. Scarlet Fever. Three hundred and eleven cases of Scarlet Fever were admitted and there were 11 deaths. "Return" cases have been dealt with in a preceding paragraph. In last year's Annual Report the question of Hospital extension was dealt with, and it was there stated that the plans for an additional pavilion had been prepared and approved by the Council. Tenders have been invited and accepted, subject to the sanction of the Local Government Board. The application for an inquiry by the Local Government Board was made in the early autumn, but the inquiry has not yet been held. 58 HOUSE TO HOUSE INSPECTION. The question of the enhanced death-rate in the South-West Ward has been before the Council on various occasions during the past few years. The chief features in the high mortality have been discussed in successive Annual Reports. |
21d5344d-4061-4397-949e-2efd05927a61 | In 1906, the death-rate in the South-West Ward was 17.2 compared with 13.2 in the whole district. In 1907 it was 20.4 compared with 13.9 in the whole district; in 1908, 18.3 compared with 13.1 and last year it was 19.1 compared with 12.6 in the whole district. The causes are not transient one?, as a higher deathrate has always been recorded in that part of the district which now constitutes the South-West Ward. The causes are dependent upon two conditionsβsocial and sanitary. We are now concerned with the latter cause, and the question has occupied the attention of the Health Committee on several occasions. Until the latter part of 1909, circumstances have militated against any systematic inspection of the ward. In 1908 Mr. Thomas was appointed as Temporary Inspector to carry out house-to-house inspection in the ward. Directly Mr. Thomas was appointed Mr. |
b7e179a9-61e4-4d98-8b3f-58d5e0b89a59 | Fearns was incapacitated by ill-health from carrying out his duties and Mr. Thomas was appointed to the post held by Mr. Fearns. In the Autumn of 1909, owing to a re-arrangement in the Staff of the Surveyor's Department, Mr. Brooks was appointed for a period of six months tocarry out a house-to house inspection and this appointment was renewed at the end of the six months. The number of streets inspected is too small to draw any general conclusions, and it is hoped to submit a fuller report on a future occasion. Somerset Road is in the South-East Ward, but it presents features similar in their character to the streets inspected in the South-West Ward. It will be observed from the accompanying table that overcrowding was most prevalent in Holland Terrace and Petersfield Road. Overcrowding is a term having many definitions and standards, and it is customary to accept a 59 standard of cubic space in regard to it. |
01bce9d7-9e5a-4f8b-b3cd-9213230b401a | In practice, the standard laid down in the Bye-laws for houses let in lodgings is usually accepted, namely, 400 cubic feet per adult in rooms used for both living and sleeping, and 300 cubic feet for rooms used for sleeping only, with half these amounts for every child under 12 years of age. In Holland Terrace overcrowding existed in 25 per cent, of the houses and in Petersfield Road 30 per cent. It is now generally admitted that overcrowding brings about certain physical defects. The sickness rate and death-rate of a district are directly and indirectly affected by overcrowding. In most instances the overcrowding existed in houses where more than one family lived and the cause almost always could be traced to inability to pay the rent of a whole house. The relation borne by the wages the tenants receive to the rents they have to pay leads to overcrowding. The other chief sanitary defects are specified in the table. Holland Trrace. Osborne Road. Petersfielid Road. |
4c5e476a-1121-4a62-8569-d3a07aedd7f0 | Bollo Lane. Somerset Road. Houses inspected 31 48 53 43 74 Number overcrowded 8 β 16 6 9 Defective Drains 13 7 14 13 15 Defective Yard Paving 31 31 25 16 43 Defective W.C.'s (including appliances) 12 11 46 14 36 Untrapped Rain Water Pipes 1 1 11 10 9 Damp Walls or Ceilings 18 8 14 7 15 Number of Rooms in a dirty state 44 49 128 20 126 FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. The number of Workshops on the register at the end of 1909 was 424. The Inspection of Factories comes mainly within the province of H.M. Inspector of Factories. The enforcement of Section 22 of the Public Health Amendment Act, 1890, is 60 entrusted to the local sanitary authority. |
595b70d7-63cb-4484-bc49-03c35a2a3930 | Where any sanitary defect is discovered by H.M. Inspector in a Factory, which is remediable under the law relating to public health, and not under the Factory and Workshops Acts, he informs the Council of the defect, and it is the duty of the Council to arrange for the remedy of the defect. Twenty-one references from H.M. Inspector were received during the year. Four hundred and sixty-six visits were paid to Factories and Workshops during the year and 108 written notices were served. Particulars of the defects remedied will be found on No. 2 of the Home Office Table. All the outworkers' premises were visited during the year, and 73 notices were served on occupiers as to sending of lists. In 33 instances, work was carried on in unwholesome premises ; in the majority of these the walls and ceilings required to be cleansed. In three instances the work was carried on in houses where an infectious disease had occurred. |
85684ca5-c590-4329-bc89-fc92786952ef | I have to thank the Staff of the Health Department for assistance throughout the year. As in former years, the County Council Tables have been compiled entirely by Mr. Kinch. Changes in the Staff have been caused through ill-health. Mr. Fearns resigned in April, and Mr. Arthur Thomas was appointed to his post. Miss Bhose was off duty in the Summer and resigned in August. Miss Cooksey was originally appointed temporarily for three months, and on the resignation of Miss Bhose, was appointed Health Visitor. Both resignations caused sincere regret, and were particularly unfortunate as they were due to ill-health. I remain, Your obedient Servant, D. J. THOMAS. table 1. 61 VITAL STATISTICS OF WHOLE DI8TRICT DURING 1909 AND PREVIOUS YEARS. Year Population estimated to Middle of each Year. Births. Total Deaths Registered in the District. Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the District. |
a562a6f0-a318-4970-9106-cf3d7963cff9 | Deaths of Non-Residents registered in Public Institutions in the District Deaths of Residents registered in Public Institutions beyond the District Nett Deaths at all Ages belonging to the District. Under 1 Year of Age. At all Ages. No. Rate.* No. Rate per 1,000 Births registered. No. Rate* No Rate.* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1899 34,901 1,068 30.6 200 187 509 14.6 . . . . 1900 36,508 1,080 29.5 182 168 528 14.4 15 . . . . 1901 38,373 1,211 31.5 206 170 519 13.5 6 . . . . 1902 41,000 1,242 30.3 186 150 693 14. |
59f6f2ae-3b15-459c-8237-44c608401f6b | 4 12 . . . . 1903 43,802 1,422 32 4 150 105 430 9.8 8 . . . . 1904 46,780 1,460 30 207 143 576 12.3 9 . . . . 1905 50,000 1,527 30.5 162 106 537 10.7 27 1 92 628 12.5 1906 52,000 1,533 29.4 193 125 597 11.5 29 7 97 687 13.2 1907 53,000 1,635 29 183 119 605 11.4 25 8 140 737 13.9 1908 55,000 1,568 28.5 174 111 592 11.4 31 1 133 724 13.1 Averages for yrs. |
1299ebd0-0bfd-41c0-af2a-dc0a80770c70 | 1899-1908 451,364 13.626 30.2 1,843 135 5,526 12.2 . . . . . 1909 56,000 1,480 264 146 98 575 10 3 43 1 137 708 12.6 * Rates in Columns 4 and 8 should be calculated per 1,000 of the estimated gross population. Total population at all ages, 37.744. Number of inhabited houses, 6,114. Average number of persons per house, 6 2. Area of District in Acres (exclusive of area covered by water), 2,304. 62 TABLE 2. VITAL STATISTICS OF SEPARATE LOCALITIES IN 1909 AND PREVIOUS YEARS. ACTON. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. |
df981b44-49ae-4d84-b229-98a622249054 | Population estimated to middle of each year 52,000 53,000 55,000 56,000 Births registered 1,533 1,535 1,568 1,480 Deaths at all Ages 687 737 724 708 Deaths under 1 year 201 200 188 158 NORTH-EAST WARD. Population estimated to middle of each year 13,000 13,500 14,000 14,500 Births registered 326 331 363 331 Deaths at all ages 137 153 145 124 Deaths under 1 year 32 31 30 19 NORTH-WEST WARD, Population estimated to middle of each year 11,000 11,500 12,000 12,500 Births registered 229 213 215 220 Deaths at all Ages 135 105 124 122 Deaths under 1 year 34 23 26 11 SOUTH-EAST WARD. |
fbb252b0-a0f5-491e-b3f2-daee22b26152 | Population estimated to middle of each year 11,000 11,000 12,000 12,000 Births registered 255 320 328 294 Deaths at all ages 122 120 124 137 Deaths under 1 year 28 32 29 37 SOUTH-WEST WARD. Population estimated to middle of each year 17,000 17,000 17,000 17,000 Births registered 724 671 662 635 Deaths at all Ages 293 347 331 325 Deaths under 1 year 107 114 103 91 63 Table 3 CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAK 1900. Notifiable Disease Cases notified in whole District. Total cases notified in each ward. Number of cases removed to Hospital from each Ward. At all Ages At AgesβYears. North-East. North-West South East 1 South-West North-East North-West South-East South-West Total cases removed to Hospital. |
5daeddf5-6472-475d-9dfb-f4720b724249 | Under i. 1 to 5. 5 to 15 15 to 25 25 to 65 65 & upwards Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cholera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diphtheria (including Membranous croup 104 2 27 66 6 3 . 28 19 11 46 17 14 8 30 69 Erysipelas 25 2 . 1 2 14 6 5 4 1 15 . . . . . Scarlet Fever 408 5 127 289 33 14 . 112 106 72 178 73 60 34 144 311 Typhus Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enteric Fever 4 . . . . 4 . . 2 . 2 . 1 . |
2034a111-eb7d-4593-bd1b-0aed2da5e738 | 2 3 Relapsing Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continued Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Puerperal Fever 3 . . . 1 2 . . 1 . 2 . . . . . Plague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phthisis 62 1 1 2 10 48 . 8 7 12 35 . . . . . Totals 666 10 155 358 52 85 6 153 139 96 278 90 75 42 176 383 64 TABLE 4. INFANTILE MORTALITY Deaths from stated causes in Weeks Cause of Death. Under 1 week 1-2 weeks. 2-3 weeks. 3-4 weeks. Total under 1 month. 1-2 months. Common Infectious Diseases Small-pox . |
37166918-a19c-42af-b24a-e6b17ab61060 | . . . . . Chicken-pox . . . . . . Measles . . . . . . Scarlet Fever . . . . . . Diphtheria (including Membranous Croup) . . . . . . Whooping Cough . . . . . . Diarrhceal Diseases Diarrhoea, all forms . . . 1 1 1 Enteritis, Muco-enteritis, Gastro-enteritis . . . . . . Gastritis, Gastrointestinal Catarrh . . . . . 1 Wasting Diseases Premature Birth 18 1 1 1 24 3 Congenital Defects 2 1 2 . 5 1 Injury at Birth 2 . . . 2 . Want of Breast-milk, Starvation . 1 . . 1 . Atrophy, Debility, . . . . . . Marasmus 5 3 . . 8 7 Tuberculous Diseases Tuberculous . . . . . . |
380c6132-07a0-455c-9b62-e30616624205 | Meningitis . . . . . . . Tuberculous Peritonitis : Tabes Mesenterica . . . . . . Other Tuberculous Diseases . . . . . . Other Causes Erysipelas . . . . . . Syphilis . . . . . 1 Rickets . . . . . . Meningitis (not Tuberculous) . . . . . . 'Convulsions 1 . . 1 2 . Bronchitis 1 . . . 1 3 Laryngitis . . . . . . Pneumonia 1 1 . 2 3 Suffocation, overlying 1 . . 1 2 . Other causes 1 . . 1 2 . 31 7 4 8 50 20 Population estimated to middle of 1909, 56,000. legitimate, 1451. Births in the year illegitimate, 29. |
812adc6b-7ce3-4136-a945-9e86804f49fc | 65 DURING THE YEAR, 1909. and Months under One Year of age. 2-3 months. 3-4 months. 4-5 months. 5-6 months. 0-7 months. 7-8 months. 8-9 months. 9-10 months. 10-11 months 11-12 months Total Deaths under One Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . 2 1 1 1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . 1 1 . 1 2 . . 1 1 . . 6 1 2 3 2 2 4 4 2 3 1 26 1 1 . 1 . 2 . . . . 5 . . . . . . 1 . . . 2 1 . . . |
a19a55a6-490d-4bf0-a1c4-d3d6ffc880e8 | . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . 1 . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . 1 1 . . . . . . 3 1 . . . 4 . . 1 . . 21 . . 1 . . 1 . . . . 2 . 1 . . . 1 . . . . 2 . . . 1 . . . . 1 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . 1 2 5 . . . . . . 1 . . . 3 . 1 1 . 1 . 2 1 . 1 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 . 1 1 2 4 17 . . . |
aeab4ef8-b795-47ef-967f-9beade9ea619 | . . . . . . . 2 . . . . 1 1 . . 1 . 5 5 6 10 8 9 10 14 7 9 10 158 legitimate infants, 153. Deaths in the year of illegitimate infants, 5. Deaths from all Causes at all Ages, 708. 66 table 5. CAUSES OF, AND AGES AT, DEATH DURING YEAR, 1909. Causes of Deaths Deaths at the subjoined ages of "Residents" whether occurring in or beyond the District. Deaths at all ages of "Residents" belonging to Localities, whether occurring in or beyond the District Total Deaths whether of "Residents" or "NonResi dents" in Public Institutions in the District. All Ages. Under I year. 1 and under 5. 5 and under 15 15 and under 25 25 and under 05 65 and upwards North-East Ward. |
45c19edc-0aed-4ff7-b984-430822eeaa13 | N'th-West Ward South-east Ward. South-west Ward. Small-pox β β β β β β β β β β β β Measles 40 6 30 4 β β β 1 4 11 24 1 Scarlet fever 16 β 8 5 3 β 1 4 2 9 11 "Whooping-cough 13 6 7 β β β β 2 1 4 6 β Diphtheria (including Membranous croup) 22 1 12 9 β β β β 1 1 20 10 Croup β β β β β β β β β β β β FeverβTyphus β β β β β β β β β β β β Enteric 1 β β β β 1 β β 1 β β β Other continued β β β β β β β β β β β β Epidemic influenza 10 β β β 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 |
82a63f83-5f61-433a-b0b0-0bb4a61b064c | 1 Cholera β β β β β β β β β β Plague β β β β β β β β β β β Diarrhoea 29 26 3 β β β β β β 3 26 β Enteritis 10 5 3 β β 2 β 2 8 β Gastritis 4 2 β β β 2 β 2 2 β Puerperal Fever 2 β β β β 2 β β 1 1 β β Erysipelas 1 β β β β 1 β 1 β β Phthisis (Pulmonary luberculosis) 49 3 1 4 12 27 2 6 7 11 25 1 Other Tuberculous diseases 18 4 10 3 1 β β 2 3 3 10 1 Cancer, maglignant disease 52 β β β β 30 22 15 11 10 16 2 Bronchitis 48 11 |
e90c1a83-6ded-4c6a-a70d-9744f2b69f66 | 2 β β 11 24 8 8 5 27 2 Pneumonia 70 17 15 2 1 24 11 13 8 15 34 4 Pleurisy β β β β β β β β β β β β Other diseases of Respiratory Organs 4 β β 1 1 2 β 2 1 1 β β Alcoholismβ Cirrhosis of Liver 4 β β β β 3 1 2 1 1 β Venereal Diseases β β β β β β β β β β β β Premature birth 28 28 β β β β 4 4 3 17 β Diseases and accidents of parturition 5 β β β β 5 β β 1 2 2 β Heart diseases 59 1 1 3 3 85 16 17 11 9 22 1 Accidents 18 2 5 β β 9 2 4 2 2 |
841fd436-c2ce-428a-9934-6237ec96e19d | 10 5 Suicides 2 β β β β 2 β β 1 β 1 1 All other causes 203 46 5 9 7 48 88 42 50 48 63 3 All causes 708 158 102 40 30 208 170 124 122 137 325 43 67 table 6. INFANTILE MORTALITY. Ward Distribution. North East North West South East South West Total Measles . . 4 2 6 Diphtheria . . 1 1 Whooping Cough 1 . 2 3 6 Diarrhoea . . 2 24 26 Enteritis . . . 5 5 Gastritis . . 1 1 2 Prematurity 4 4 4 16 28 Congenital Defects 3 1 3 . 7 Injury at Birth . 1 1 . 2 Waut of Breast-Milk, |
5ab30a3d-81f7-48c7-8a54-0562cfd29cf4 | Starvation . 1 1 1 3 Atrophy, Debility, Marasmus 4 2 6 9 21 Tuberculous Meningitis 1 . . 1 2 Tuberculous Peritonitis, Tabes Mesenterica . . . 2 2 Other 1 uberculous Diseases . . 2 1 3 Syphilis 1 . . . 1 Meningitis (not Tuberculous) . . 3 2 5 Convulsions . . . 3 3 Bronchitis 1 . 1 9 11 Pneumonia 3 5 8 17 Suffocation (overlaying) 1 . . 1 2 Other Causes . 1 2 2 5 Totals 19 11 37 91 158 FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS, WORKPLACES AND HOMEWORK. 1.βInspection of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. |
4755c90c-7548-4a06-be68-d0c1bec8dc5b | Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors of Nuisances. Premises. Inspec Written tions. Notices. Factories (including Factory Laundries) ) 466 108 Workshops (including Workshop Laundries) Workplaces (other than Outworkers' premises included in Part 3 of this Report) Total 466 108 2.βDefects Fodnd. Particulars. Found. Remedied. Nuisances under Public Health Actsβ Waut of cleanliness 30 30 Want of ventilation 7 7 Overcrowding 5 5 Want of drainage of floors 16 16 Other Nuisances 13 13 insufficient 8 8 Sanitary accommodation unsuitable or defective 23 23 not separate for sexes 6 6 Total 108 108 68 3.βHome Work. Outworkers' Lists, Sections 107, 108, 109 & 110. Nature of Work. |
744b9d81-7c76-4a71-b26d-b2be0494c92f | Section 107. Inspections of Outworkers' premises Sec. 108 Sees. 109, 110 Twice Yearly Once Yearly Outworkers received from other Councils Outw'k'rs forwarded to other Councils Notices served on occupiers as to keeping or sending lists Unwholesome Premises, instances Unwholesome Premises, Notices served Infected Premises Instances Lists Outworkers, Contractors Outworkers, Workmen Lists Outworkers Contractors Outworkers Workmen Wearing Apparelβ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (i) making, &c. |
cbfe9175-6287-4be7-aba3-2318708b04b1 | ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 ... ... 25 ... ... ... (2) cleaning and washing 34 13 42 27 23 29 1 7 73 43 27 27 ... Lace, lace curtains and nets ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 ... ... 3 ... ... ... Brush making 2 ... 11 ... ... ... 1 3 ... 12 ... ... ... Stuffed toys 2 ... 73 ... ... ... ... 7 ... 73 6 6 3 Total ... 38 13 126 27 23 29 30 17 73 156 33 33 3 4.βRegistered Workshops. Workshops on the Register (t. 131) at the end of the yearβ Laundries 276 Dressmaking 54 Millinery 8 Tailoring 8 Bakehouses 29 Others 49 Total number of workshops on Register 424 5.βOther Matters. Matters notified to H.M. |
0ec3a3a8-4d1c-451b-87a1-b1badfe70bcd | Inspector of Factoriesβ Failure to affix Abstract of the Factory and Workshop Act (s. 138) 2 Action taken in matters referred by Notified by H.M. Inspector 21 H.M. Inspector as remediable under the Public Health Acts, but no under the Factory and Workshop Reports (of action taken) Act (s. 5) sent to H.M. Inspector 21 Underground Bakehouses (s. 101)β In use at the end of the year 8 19th April, 1910. Your obedient servant, D. J. THOMAS, 69 STAFF EMPLOYED IN SANITARY DEPARTMENT. Maurice W. Kinch John J. Jenkins Arthur Thomas E. W. Brooks Agnes Cooksey Gertrude James Rebecca M. Morton T. Burrows Chief Inspector. District Inspector. District Inspector. House to House Inspector. Health Visitor. Assistant Health Visitor and School Nurse. Clerk. Disinfector. |
d599bb54-685a-4b50-ae40-509ac73b0af8 | SANITARY WORK. InspectionsβNumber of premises inspected on complaint 1486 Number of premises inspected in connection with infectious diseases 2408 Number of premises under periodical Inspection 179 Houses inspected from house-to-house 203 Total number of inspections and re-inspections made 8193 NoticesβCautionary or intimation notices given 645 Statutory orders issued 740 Dwelling HousesβHouses, Premises, &c , Cleansed, Repaired, &c 1127 Common Lodging HousesβNumbers registered under bye-laws 3 Number of inspections made 306 Number of contraventions 7 Movable Dwellings, Caravans, Tents, &c. |
82af6226-1f46-4326-8952-cb40ce1bbfa7 | βNumber observed during the year 35 Number of Nuisances therefrom abated 5 Number removed from District 35 BakehousesβNumber in District 26 Contraventions of Factory Acts 8 Slaughter-housesβNumber on register 4 Number of inspections made 202 Frequency of inspection weekly Cow-shedsβNumber on register 2 Number of inspections made 27 Frequency of inspection Quarterly Number of milch cows in district 105 70 Dairies and MilkshopsβNumber on register 77 Number of inspections made 152 Unsound FoodβArticles or parcels surrendered 28 Adulterated FoodβSamples taken (if any) by the District Local Authority 5 Oflensive TradesβNumber of premises in district 1 Number of inspections made 24 Water Supply and Water Service. Percentage of Houses supplied from Public Water Service 100% CisternsβCleansed, Repaired, Covered, &c. |
81fb5dde-c6c7-420d-9991-a8b329f8b1fe | 27 Draw-taps placed on mains ... ... ... ... ... 14 Percentage of houses supplied on constant system 100% Drainage and Sewerage of Existing Buildings. Water ClosetsβRepaired, supplied with water, or otherwise improved 648 Percentage of houses provided with water closets 100% DrainsβExamined, tested, exposed, &c. 822 Unstopped, repaired, trapped, &c. 721 Waste pipes, rain water pipes, disconnected, repaired, &c. 648 New soil pipes or ventilating shafts fixed 167 Existing soil pipes or ventilating shafts repaired 119 Disconnecting traps or chambers inserted H88 Reconstructed 86 CesspoolsβAbolished, |
efdf4e23-3936-49a8-8a75-0bc9bbd55c47 | and drain connected to sewer 6 Percentage of houses draining into sewers 100% DisinfectionβRooms disinfected (a) Ordinary infectious diseases 626 (6) Phthisis 25 Rooms stripped and cleansed 840 Articles disinfected or destroyed (a) Ordinary infectious disease (6) Phthisis a very large quantity DustβNew bins provided 334 How frequently is dust removed from each house wiekly Number of complaints of non-removal received 8 Method of disposal Destructor Sundry Nuisances AbatedβOvercrowding 48 Smoke 15 Accumulations of refuse 89 Foul ditches, ponds, &c. and Stagnant Water 22 Foul pigs and other animals 21 Dampness 92 Yards repaved or repaired 335 Other Nuisances 73 7i No. of Visits paid to Infectious Houses 342 β Infectious Cases removed to Isolation Hospital 490 ,, Library Books dealt with after I.D. |
f2790fce-910f-4a5b-82c3-3a3bdfc4ca16 | 199 β Booms Disinfected 651 ,, School Rooms Disinfected 17 ,, Closets Disinfected after Enteric 3 β Preliminary Notices Served 645 β Statutory 740 ,, Letters Received 1655 β Written 2254 ,, Notices Received from H.M. Inspector of Factories 21 Notifications of Waste of Water sent to Metropolitan Water Board 43 Re-drainage Plans Deposited 64 . Complaints received 1486 , Premises Inspected 2408 Re-Inspected 5582 , Interviews with Owners or Agents 1756 , House to House Inspections 203 , Nuisances Reported 3984 , β Abated 3950 β Visits to Common Lodging Houses 306 β Houses Let in Lodgings Inspected 61 , Van Dwellings Inspected 35 β Drainage Examinations under Section 4.1 8 β Drains Submitted to Chemical Test 157 β , β Smoke Test 226 β β Water Test 431 , |
92daad5c-daa7-4fba-851f-93615e334377 | Visits to Butchers' Shops 144 β β Fishmongers' Shops107 β , Greengrocers' 137 β , Premises where Food is Manufactured or Prepared 39 β β Dairies 66 β , Milk Purveyors' Premises 17 , β Cowsheds 27 β β Bakehouses 277 β β Laundries 126 β Other Workshops 63 β β Slaughter Houses 202 β . Piggeries 3 β β Offensive Trades 16 β 1, Mews and Stables 313 β , Public House Urinals, &c. 44 β β Schools 5 72 No.of Visits to Show Grounds 18 β Smoke Observations taken 335 House Drains taken up and Re-constructed 86 Repaired 79 ,, Unstopped and Cleansed 116 β Provided with Intercepting Traps 119 ,, Manholes Provided to 219 β Ventilated (Outlet Shafts) 7 β Manholes to. |
4abe38f7-4ba5-43e4-800e-3b04ad9e5104 | Cleansed 45 β Repaired 71 β Fresh-Air Inlets Repaired 36 ,, ,, β Provided 169 Water ClosetsβApartments Repaired 14 New, Provided 20 β Pans Provided to 257 ,, Unstopped and Cleansed 59 ,, Pan Closets & Containers Replaced by Efficient Pans 2 ,, Provided with new Flushing Cisterns 209 Flushing Cisterns Repaired 98 β Flush, Disconnected from Drinking-Water Cistern 11 ,, Additional, or Separate, provided in Factories and Workshops 13 ,, Apartment, Foul and Dilapidated 74 Soil-Pipes Kepaired 44 ,, Ventilated 19 ,, Increased Ventilation Provided to 20 ,, Reconstructed . |
04ac289d-4668-4eb7-894a-4374b876b559 | 167 Want of Stoppers to Interceptors 10 Ventilating Shafts Repaired 36 Provided β Waste-Pipes, Sink, Disconnected from Drain 37 ,, Stopped 31 β Bath and Lavatory, Disconnected from Drain 34 Sinks, New, Provided 84 ,, Wastes, Repaired and New Provided 172 ,, β Trapped with Lead Traps 290 Rainwater Pipes Disconnected from Drain 155 β Repaired 41 β Provided 27 Eaves Guttering Provided 47 ., Repaired. 32 Gully Traps Replaced with Stoneware Gullies 27 , Removed from Improper Situations 33 β Unstopped 56 73 Gully Traps Provided 37 , Grids Provided to 49 β Cement Work around, Repaired 43 Yards, Paving Repaired 56 β Paved and Drained 279 Cleansed 33 Dust-Bins Provided 334 Ashpits, Foul and Defective, Remedied 32 Cisterns Repaired and Covered 76 , |
18ab897f-7572-40c8-b0b3-6eaf3b5f814c | Cleansed 27 β Removed from Improper Position 24 Rooms Cleansed and Whitewashed 840 β Plastering of Walls and Ceilings Repaired 287 Dealt with under Housing Acts β Workshops Cleansed and Limewashed 30 Roofs Repaired 39 Bakehouses Cleansed 54 Roofs of Houses Repaired 46 Floors of Houses Repaired or Relaid 77 β Workshops Repaired or Relaid 7 . Stables Repaired or Relaid 18 Stables Provided with Drainage 24 β , Ventilation 7 Coach-House Floors Repaired 12 β Ceilings β β Dampness of House Walls Remedied 92 Air Spaces Under Floors of Houses Ventilated 50 Concrete over Site Under Floors 22 Accumulations of Refuse Removed 89 β Manure Removed 18 Water in Cellars Removed 9 , |
a96a76f6-43df-4a22-99ed-15e8d5a060b5 | in Ditches 13 Cesspools Abolished 6 Manure Receptacles Provided 7 Animals, Fowls, &c., Nuisances from, Abated 21 Urinals Cleansed 23 Overcrowding, Number of Cases Abated 48 Water Supply Provided to Houses 21 Taps Provided on Main 14 Smoke Nuisances 15 Miscellaneous Nuisances Abated 73 Obediently yours, MAURICE W. K1NCH, Chief Sanitary Inspector. Report ON THE Medical Inspection of Schools FOR THE YEAR 1909. 76 The Urban District Council ot Hcton. To the Chairman and. Members of the Education Committee. Ladies and Gentlemen, In accordance with paragraph 13 of Circular 576 issued by the Board of Education in November 1907, we beg to submit the following report on the schools and school children under the control of the Local Educational Authority. The report deals with the period ending December 31st, 1909. |
f6fdd150-2022-49b3-9652-529d5c36f9cb | This period has been adopted so as to secure in future reports an effective basis for comparison of the work done in different parts of the country and to correspond with the annual period fixed for the closely related annual report of the Medical Officer of Health. I The scope of the Report is defined in Circular 596 of the Board of Education and this report will follow as closely as possible the lines laid down in that Circular. As the report is for the information of the Board of Education as well as of the Local Education Authority, statements of local circumstances and conditions are included which may seem superfluous to the latter. As regards the scope of the Report, the Board consider it desirable that it should cover as much as possible of the ground indicated under the following heads β (a) Hygienic conditions of schools. {b) Description of arrangements for co-ordinating School Medical Service and Public Health Service including (x) Use 77 of Board's Schedule. (2) Assistance given by Teachers, Nurses, Attendance Officers, etc. |
15166ea1-93a3-421a-a56b-7812c9794286 | (3) Co-operation of Parents. (4) Disturbance of School Arrangements. (c) Extent and scope of Medical Inspection during the year. (d) Review of results of Medical Inspection. (e) Relations of home and industrial conditions to health and physical conditions of children. (/) Methods employed or available for the treatment of defects, including work of School Nurses. (g) Review of action taken to detect and prevent the spread of infectious diseases, including closure of schools or exclusion of children from schools. (h) Review of methods adopted for dealing with blind, deaf, mentally or physically defective and epileptic children. (i) Review of methods of instruction in personal Hygiene and temperance in Public Elementary Schools, including physical or breathing exercises and arrangements for open air or camp schools. The Urban District of Acton has an area of 2,304 acres and an estimated population at the end of June 1909 of 56,000 inhabitants. |
98d38045-4bb3-4932-a5e4-038a40dbd732 | The average number of children on the books was 8,726 and the average number of children in attendance throughout the year was 7,782 There are in the district 11 schools and 23 departments. In last year's report a description was given of all the schools within the district and it will suffice in this year's report to simply point out the improvements which have been carried out. 78 Priory Schools. In the Infants' Department a separate room has been provided for the teachers. In three of the rooms in the Infants's Department, the light still comes from behind the scholars. South Acton Schools. In the Infants' Department in one of the rooms the light was impeded by surrounding buildings. Negociations are being carried on with the owner of the obstructive building so as to improve the lighting of the room by means of some mechanical contrivance. It was pointed out in last year's report that full advantage was not taken of the means provided for the ventilation of the buildings. |
100d8adb-5d3c-426c-ad82-051c5851b8d0 | The obstruction to the inlet openings caused by maps, pictures, etc. has now been removed. Beaumont Park Schools. In the Girls' Department the lighting of rooms 10 and 12 has been improved by the erection of an extra window to each room. In the three departments the closets are now automatically flushed. East Acton School. In the small class room the window has been altered and can now be utilised for ventilation purposes. There has been no improvement in the drainage arrangements, some of the rain-water pipes empty directly into the drain and the closets which are of the old fashioned trough variety are hand flushed. Acton (St. Mary's) Schools. In the Boys' Department the rain-water pipes have been trapped before entering the 79 main drain and the defective rain-water pipes have been repaired. In room A the desks have been re-arranged so that the main lighting of the room comes from the left. |
2c677a0e-9bb9-4572-aee1-0a9ba3c45b7c | There is no teachers' room in this department and two of the class room doors open inwards. In the Girls' and Infants' Departments teachers' rooms have been provided and closet accommodation has been improved. Turnham Green (Roman Catholic School). Only one alteration has been carried out in this school. A new grate has been placed in one of the class rooms. Acton Wells School was completed in 1909 and was erected to replace a temporary school at Willesden Junction. It is a 3-storey building. Each floor is arranged on the same plan and consists of eight classrooms arranged round a central hall together with cloak rooms, lavatories and teachers' rooms. There are two playgrounds, one for the boys and one for the infants and girls. There is a covered playshed in each playground. The sanitary conveniences are of the pedestal type, the cistern automatically discharges each time the closet is used. The heating of the building is by means of hot water. |
b7090698-1a58-4a01-be47-d4a53767c2d0 | In the babies' classrooms there are also open fireplaces. All the classrooms are well lighted, the light in all instances comes almost entirely from the left of the scholars. The artificial lighting is by incandescent gas. In each room are placed inlet and outlet ventilators. 80 TABLE 1. PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WITHIN THE DISTRICT, TOGETHER WITH ACCOMMODATION Name of School. Accommodation 1. Acton Boys 164 Girls 129 Infants 142 2. Beaumont Park Boys 635 Girls 590 Infants 499 3. Central Senior 497 Junior 497 Infants 410 4. East Acton Mixed 144 5. Priory Boys 550 Girls 542 Infants 477 6. Rothschild Road Infants 295 7. South Acton Boys 720 Girls 574 Infants 618 8. |
eb1ae135-81e7-47b1-b9c5-b9441d73ac62 | Southfield Road Senior 419 Junior 381 Infants 400 g. Turnham Green (R.C.) Mixed 275 10. Acton Wells Mixed 1124 Total 10082 81 TABLE 2. Showing the number of children examined classified according to age and sex. SENIOR BOYS, 112. No. examined. years 13-14 years 14-15 years 15-16 years 16-17 Acton Boys 16 6 10 1 .. Beaumont Park 18 7 10 ... ... Central 5 ... 2 3 . Priory 20 14 6 ... ... South Acton 20 9 11 ... ... Southfield Road 24 10 14 ... ... Turnham Given (R. C.) 5 4 1 ... ... Acton Wells 4 1 3 ... 112 51 57 4 ... SENIOR GIRLS, 239. |
374b5040-c207-4b32-a3de-112ec52f23e6 | Acton 14 14 ... ... ... Beaumont Park 90 77 13 ... ... Central 14 1 4 7 2 Priory 36 27 9 ... ... South Acton 47 43 4 ... ... Southfield Road 21 16 5 ... ... Turnham Green (R. C.) 14 10 4 ... ... Acton Wells 3 1 2 ... ... 239 189 41 7 2 INFANTS (MALE) 697 No. examined years of age. |
b13f82e0-f524-4e04-b785-bb6830238be2 | 3 4 5 6 7 8 Acton 39 3 11 23 2 ... ... Beaumont Park 96 6 42 35 12 1 ... Central 79 9 16 32 7 9 6 East Acton 21 1 6 3 5 3 3 Priory 83 12 20 39 11 1 ... Rothschild Road 69 2 19 29 7 8 4 South Acton 111 39 41 23 7 1 ... Southfield Road 147 15 37 58 28 9 ... Turnham Green (R. C.) |
47457655-fc4d-4fce-a46e-d82564218f92 | 19 ... 3 9 6 1 ... Acton Wells 33 5 14 5 5 3 1 697 92 209 256 90 36 14 INFANTS (FEMALE) 642 Acton 31 4 10 13 4 ... ... Beaumont Park 92 4 34 34 13 7 ... Central 70 4 14 24 17 9 2 East Acton 9 2 3 2 1 ... 1 Priory 84 15 25 31 10 3 ... Rothschild Road 57 2 13 20 5 13 4 South Acton 122 27 54 30 7 4 ... Southfield Road 131 5 32 55 29 10 ... Turnham Green (R. C.) |
62c270ab-daae-4b63-885f-8057c7bc76f7 | 21 6 8 4 3 ... Acton Wells 25 1 8 8 5 3 ... 642 64 199 225 95 52 7 82 TABLE 3. Giving the number of children examined in each school, together with the conditions found on examination. SENIOR BOYS No. Examined Clothing and Footgear Under Nourished Verminous Carious Teeth Polypus of Nose Enlarged Tonsils Adenoids Enlarged Glands Eye Disease Defective Vision Ear Disease Impaired Hearing Speech Impaired Heart Disease Lung Disease Tubercle Rickets Other Diseases Average Below Average Head Body Acton 16 15 1 1 . . . 1 5 . 3 2 . . 1 . 1 3 1 1 2 Beaumont Park 18 16 2 1 . . 3 . 8 1 2 1 4 1 2 . 1 1 . 1 . |
f683954f-cd8a-4018-8a61-e20a622efd56 | Central 5 5 . . . . 2 . 1 . . . . . . . 1 1 1 . Priory 20 11 9 8 1 2 5 . 8 1 5 3 9 . 2 . . 1 . . . South Arton 20 14 6 3 1 2 5 . 2 . 1 . 5 . 2 . 1 2 . . . Southfield Road 24 24 . 2 . . 1 . 9 1 3 . 4 . 4 1 1 . . . 1 Turnham Green R.C. 4 4 1 1 . . 1 . 3 . 1 . . . . . . 1 . . . Acton Wells 4 4 . . . . 1 . 2 . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . |
f0218a50-1888-409e-bd57-f5c34c6f15e6 | Total 112 93 19 16 2 4 18 1 38 3 16 7 22 1 11 i 6 9 1 3 3 SENIOR GIRLS No Children examined MalNutrition Clothing Want of Cleanliness Verminous Carious teeth Enlarged Tonsils Adenoids Enlarged Glands External Eye Disease Defective Vision Defective Hearing Ear Disease Heart Disease Lung Disease Tuberculosis Rickets Deformities Spinal Disease, &c. Infectious Diseases Other Diseases and Defects Average Below Avemge Head Body Acton 13 . 13 . . . . . 3 3 . . . 1 . 2 . . . . . 1 Beaumont Park 90 1 86 4 4 12 3 3 7 . . . 6 1 1 2 1 . 1 2 . 3 Central 14 . 14 . . 1 . 3 2 . . 3 . . |
1af56497-f6a7-4918-aa95-ae3b857e4823 | 1 . . . 1 . 2 Priory 36 3 32 4 3 5 3 4 9 1 1 2 2 . . 3 . . . . 2 2 South Acton 47 2 43 4 3 5 3 8 11 2 1 1 9 5 3 2 3 1 1 1 . 1 Southfield Road 21 1 21 . 1 4 . 7 4 . . 1 7 1 . 3 1 1 . . . 4 Turnham Green (R.C.) |
ce768b10-bf67-42b0-8491-92bdba350287 | 14 3 10 4 3 6 3 3 2 ... ... 2 3 ... ... 1 1 1 1 2 ... Acton Wells 3 ... 8 ... ... ... ... 1 1 ... ... ... 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 Totals 238 10 222 16 14 33 12 29 39 6 2 9 28 8 4 14 6 3 3 4 4 15 83 TABLE 3βcontinued. INFANTS. No. of children examined Mai-Nutrition Clothing Want of Cleanliness Verminous Carious Teeth Enlarged Tonsils Adenoids Enlarged Glands External Eye Disease Defective Vision Far Disease Defective Hearing Defective Speech Mental Condition Heart Disease Lung Disease Tuberculosis Rickets Deformities, Spinal Disease, &c. |
7c913626-b8d7-4071-994a-97ecdc188853 | Infectious or Contagtous Disease Other Diseases and Defects Average Below Average Head Body Acton (Boys) 39 2 36 3 2 2 . 4 5 1 1 . . . . . . 1 . 3 . . 1 β (Girls) 31 . 31 . 1 6 1 2 6 . 2 1 . 1 . . . . 3 . 1 . . 1 Beaumont Park (Boys) 97 3 91 6 2 1 4 8 14 3 7 2 1 1 . . . 3 8 . 8 2 . 1 β (Girls) 92 7 82 10 4 21 5 15 11 2 5 2 . . . 1 . 1 5 1 6 . . 2 Central (Boys) 74 . 71 3 . . . |
7402b16f-b08c-415b-abcb-b448bfc8fda5 | 12 15 3 3 1 2 . 1 . 1 2 3 . 2 . 1 . β (Girls) 70 1 70 . . 8 . 9 12 1 5 . 2 1 . . . . 2 . 2 . . 2 East Acton (Boys* 21 . 17 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 . . 2 . . . . 2 . 1 . 1 1 , (Girls) 11 . 11 . . 2 1 2 3 . 2 . 1 1 . . . . 2 . 1 . . . Priory (Boys) 83 3 76 7 2 2 2 6 7 3 7 2 2 2 . . 1 1 5 . 4 . |
1980b0ea-2731-42b1-8ca7-f80e0cec551c | 4 1 (Girls) 85 2 79 6 9 13 2 6 7 3 4 4 . 1 2 . . . 5 . 2 2 3 1 Rothschild Road (Boys) . 69 3 67 2 . 1 . 11 9 3 3 2 . 1 . . . 1 . 1 4 . . 3 , (Girls) 57 . 56 1 . 8 3 9 7 1 1 5 2 2 1 . . 3 1 . 1 2 1 2 South Acton (Boys) 110 5 91 19 3 1 13 9 12 1 5 4 . 2 . . . |
b546522f-3c10-4e48-afca-12852034a6fb | 2 13 1 9 2 4 5 β (Girls) 122 2 107 15 6 35 17 11 9 1 5 5 4 . . . . 2 12 . 4 1 5 3 Southfield Road (Boys) 147 2 141 6 3 3 6 27 25 8 7 3 . 2 . 1 . 3 8 . 6 . . 7 , (Girls) 131 1 126 5 . 8 2 19 17 5 3 3 1 2 3 . . 4 5 . 3 1 . 1 Turnham Green R. C. (Boys) 19 . 15 4 3 . 1 2 7 2 1 1 . . . . . 1 2 . . . 2 1 , (Girls) 21 . |
853470b9-5112-4c13-b749-f8f9a6ff9f9b | 19 2 . 6 3 3 3 . 4 3 . . . . . . 1 . 1 . . . Acton Wells (Hoys) 16 1 16 . . . . 2 2 2 1 2 . . 1 . . 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 , (Girls) 25 . 25 . . . . 3 1 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . Totals 1320 32 1227 93 30 119 62 160 173 41 71 41 13 16 8 2 2 24 81 4 60 11 22 33 84 Special Examination. In addition to the foregoing numbers 741 children have been examined who were kept apart by the teachers. Eye Disease and Vision. |
3b695556-5d70-4d36-ac1e-78c0f4b313cb | Early in 1909 the teachers of the district were asked to furnish lists of those scholars whose eyesight was considered defective, and as a result over 600 names were submitted. It has obviously been impossible to cope with all these cases in addition to other medical work, but during the year over 200 cases have been specially examined. The children examined were those selected as most urgently needing treatment, and the results may be shewn in the following table:β No. of cases examined 201 No change needed 57 Directions given 61 Obtained glasses 54 Noted for re-examination 6 Failed 11 Examined and since left district 9 Went to optician 3 The class described as needing "no change" refers to those children already wearing spectacles, or those who had suffered from headache, which on examination did not appear to be due to eye strain. It also included some children who had apparently failed to read Snellen's Types when tested by the teachers, though on a later occasion they read correctly. |
a3af844a-db6c-452c-8bf3-3ca1c769715e | The term "directions given" included advice as to change of spectacles, where necessary, or recommendation to procure spectacles (often accompanied by hospital letters or cards to ensure patients' attendance). Besides advice given to the children, printed cards are sent to the parents calling their attention to the defect found and urging medical advice and treatment. 85 After an interval of about a month visits have been paid to the homes to ascertain what steps the parents have taken to carry out the directions, and still further urge the need of obtaining suitable spectacles. Cases of external eye disease such as blepharitis or conjunctivitis are treated by the School Nurse under the supervision of the S.M.O. only in those instances where the parents are obviously too poor to obtain medical treatment elsewhere. It will be noticed that 54 children have obtained spectacles. In those cases where the parents are too poor to provide glasses for the children the expenses are defrayed out of the grant of Β£50 made by the Urban District Council for this purpose. |
7a3f1569-7cec-4243-a90f-0eebf9654eed | In most instances the cost is recovered from the parents in small weekly payments (out of 18 cases thus arranged only seven have been unable to pay anything). It is found that more care is taken of the spectacles if the parents have contributed towards them. For instance, in one case where expensive glasses were necessary, and had been wholly provided by the Council, on a further medical examination it was found that one of the lenses was so scratched as to be valueless. This had been done by another child who had worn the glasses in play. The head teacher reported that the educational improvement both in reading and writing had been marked since the child had worn glasses. It is exceedingly difficult to persuade parents to persevere in taking children to hospitals, and it is impossible to provide suitable glasses on one visit. Those who have failed to carry out instructions number 5.5%. |
4b0d3957-e2ac-44fa-8a18-d0ce8bda3988 | These parents have been repeatedly visited, and usually promise to use the hospital letters given, but fail to carry out their promises, although it is explained to them that the cost of the glasses is defrayed in necessary cases. There is often much ignorance and apathy displayedβ hospital letters are carelessly lost, and in one case the parents 86 were given a free order to obtain glasses in accordance with a prescription and did not trouble to procure the glasses. The individual character of spectacles is not always appreciated. A child was sent to a hospital with a special letter to obtain glasses. On a subsequent visit the S.M.O. was told that the glasses had been tried but were of no use; and as the child had been sent to an eye specialist of great experience this was somewhat surprising. On further enquiry it was found that the parents had been once to the hospital but had failed to go a second time. |
ebd4b992-4213-4c2f-b08f-375759d65d2e | The glasses worn had been purchased by an uncle at "a shop in the city" and were brought home and presented to the child. This explanation fully accounted for the headache and objection to spectacles. Teeth. As mentioned in the last Annual Report, it was found that many of the scholars have extremely bad teeth. Only those children who have four or more carious teeth are recorded in the report (as it was found necessary to fix an arbitrary standard) but even with this standard 13.16% of those examined are defective. It must also be remembered that a large number of childen have one or more decayed teeth forming the nucleus for further dental caries in later years. The use of a tooth brush is strongly urged during medical inspectionβwith varying success according to the special local conditions which prevail. |
b7ebd1c8-d85f-4529-85bf-9566d0d2847c | The importance of dental treatment seems insufficiently understood, decayed teeth lead to enlarged cervical glands from septic absorption, and it is generally admitted that all sources of lymphatic irritation must be removed if the safeguards of the body against tubercle are not to be weakened. Dr. James Kerr has said "Neglect of dental treatment in childhood often has seemed to lead through stomach troubles 87 and debility to the phthisis in working class patients which one meets in the hospital wards." Dental clinics have been established in Germany in 37 towns, and it is claimed that as a result of dental treatment the general health of the childen has been raised and also their standard of mental attainment has greatly improved. This example has been followed in a few towns in this country, of which Cambridge and Birmingham are instances. Dental Institutes have been formed where school children receive the necessary treatment, the required money having been found from private sources. |
ffad7a71-77fa-4c23-87a3-3767e2d2f04b | Unfortunately in this district facilities for the treatment of carious teeth amongst the poor are very limited, and we regret to say that the amount of treatment carried out amongst the children attending the Priory, South Acton and Beaumont Park Schools is small. The majority of the parents cannot possibly afford to pay a dentist, and it is extremely difficult to persuade them to take their children to a dental hospital for a commencing caries. Unfortunately among children of the industrial classes teeth are not attended to until the child has suffered considerably from toothache. Very often at that stage it is too late to save the tooth, and nothing remains but extraction. The presence of a Dental Institute in the district for the treatment of the earlier cases would render the problem of defective teeth a fairly easy one, but under present conditions the prospect of effective treatment is not bright. Ear Discharge. |
371eadac-0fa7-44d1-90b0-411dbca9b0d6 | The methods of dealing with this condition are very unsatisfactory, and it is difficult to awaken any parental interest in the complaint as the children have often suffered for many years from discharging ears. 88 The mothers are urged to obtain treatment, or are given directions as to syringing, but often the advice is not carried out for a sufficient length of time. Since the appointment of the School Nurse some improvement has resulted from treatment in the schools in those cases where the presence of much offensive ear discharge renders the patient most objectionable both to the teachers and other scholars. Exclusion of these children is of little service as no other complaint leads to such prolonged absence from school. Cleanliness. One of the beneficial effects of school inspection is seen in the increase of cleanliness among the children. In many cases it is obvious that special toilets have been made in view of the medical examination, but the teachers bear witness to the fact that improved cleanliness is being maintained. The following cleansing scheme has been arranged as a campaign against pediculosis capitis. |
d6e9ef9b-f4ab-477f-a0f7-2926453e8d3e | 1. During Medical Inspection the heads of all children are examined by the S.M.O. and a list is made of those whose heads contain lice or a large number of nits. Cards (blue in colour) are sent in envelopes to the parents of the respective children, warning them of the condition and giving advice for cleansing. 2. A re-examination of the "dirty" heads is made by the School Nurse at an interval of one to three weeks, according to the time at which return visits can be arranged. In the case of those still dirty, cards (red in colour) with directions for cleansing are sent to the parents, with a warning that children will be excluded from school until cleansed. 3. After another interval those found "dirty" on the second occasion are again examined and if not cleansed are excluded from school attendance. 89 4. |
04d2fa50-9816-44f1-b076-261fa608051e | Before proceedings are taken the excluded children are re-examined, those found clean are re-admitted, and the parents of the remainder are prosecuted for the non-attendance of their children at school. This scheme works fairly well, especially since the appointment of the School Nurse who visits in the homes and shows the mothers how to best carry out treatment. The special difficulty of the district is owing to its industrial character as we mentioned in last year's report. Where the women are employed in the laundries there is much difficulty in finding the mothers at home, and the process of cleansing is rendered more arduous when carried out in the evenings by an insufficient artificial light. It must also be remembered that although there are a number of cases recorded in the present report as verminous still the standard of cleanliness required is much higher than when medical inspection was first organised. In some of the schools a marked difference is observed in the cleanliness of the body on different days of the week. |
ffd10b78-d250-485e-9a53-bb04bb5b80d4 | If the inspection takes place on a Monday or Tuesday there are obvious signs of a recent and vigorous use of soap and water. Ringworm. In view of the prolonged period during which children are absent from school with this complaint we have endeavoured to find some means of shortening the time of absence as the educational loss was considerable. It has been arranged that slight cases of ringworm are treated by the School Xurse under the supervision of the S.M.O. In these cases the children are not excluded from school but are kept somewhat apart from the other scholars. This treatment has been very successful, especially where the ringworm has occurred on the face or hands, as the children are usually cured in about a week instead of being absent for weeks or months while undergoing home remedies of an unscientific nature. |
f3363641-cfdb-4632-b0ac-951e120629ab | In considering the possible objection which might be raised to allowing children with an infectious complaint to remain in 90 school, it may be pointed out that no instance has arisen of these children infecting healthy scholars, though careful enquiry on this point has been made among the teachers. Before arranging for treatment each case is carefully examined by the S.M.O. and all the severe cases are excluded and arrangements made for treatment elsewhere. Tuberculosis The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in its early stages is one of the most difficult problems which fall to the lot of the S.M.O. It is not always possible or desirable to undress a child sufficiently for a complete examination, the room used for medical inspection may be too noisy or too cold and the average time spent on each child is necessarily short. It has been the custom in this district to refer suspicious cases of phthisis for further examination; records of the monthly weights of the children are kept by the teachers and the children are periodically examined at the office of the S.M.O. |
1f615942-2332-4cb9-a7b1-2217c37492b5 | In doubtful cases enquiries are made into their home circumstances through the kindness of the Central Aid Society, extra food is provided where necessary, or the children are sent to convalescent homes. The importance of learning the home surroundings of suspicious cases cannot be over estimated. In one case, S.F., aged six, was examined at Rothschild Road School and noted as a delicate child although no definite signs of lung disease were detected. On enquiry it was found that the child slept with a sister L.F., aged 11, who was suffering from Phthisis Steps were taken to remove L.F. to a Sanatorium and to point out to the mother the importance of a separate sleeping room when the girl was discharged. During 1909 several children have obtained benefit from residence in North wood Sanatorium, where the Council maintain three beds. 91 Among the cases were the following:β M.B., aged 12, attending Priory Girls' School was in Northwood Sanatorium for three months. |
a7e2efa9-809f-42b1-a4a3-892f0e95a13f | On examination, condition much improved, is now able to do ordinary work. G.C., aged 13, attended Beaumont Park Boys' School. This boy had tubercular pleurisy and was treated in the West London Hospital. On examination the physical signs in his chest suggested early phthisis, but after treatment in Northwood Sanatorium he gained in weight and improved much in general health. When recently examined the boy was practically well and is now able to keep in a situation which entails a fair amount of work in the open air. L.H., aged 13, of South Acton Girls' School. This girl suffered from cough and had been losing weight for some time. There was a history of consumption in the family. Through the kindness of the Central Aid Society the girl was sent to a convalescent home for ten weeks and while there she obtained much benefit and gained 11 lbs. in weight. |
391b1741-f53c-4d45-8ad5-2eeb4b20a26d | When medically examined her health had sufficiently improved to allow her to apply for a situation L.F., aged 11, attending Beaumont Park Girls' School was found in September, 1909, to be suffering from phthisis. There was no immediate vacancy at one of the Council's beds at Northwood so the girl was provided with weekly dinners by the Education Committee and with extra milk and Sunday dinners by the Central Aid Society. She has been medically examined each week and a record of her weight was kept. Under this treatment her general health was improved as far as possible and she has now been admitted to Northwood Sanatorium. In this patient the phthisical condition is rather more advanced than in the preceding ones, but it is hoped that much improvement will result from the open-air treatment, besides the undoubted gain in the removal of an infectious patient from close contact with her younger brothers and sisters. 92 The consideration of these cases shows the great necessity for early diagnosis of phthisis in patients who are selected for sanatorial treatment. |
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