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f96c95b2-08c2-411e-9fa5-da7489945711 | The more serious cases are sent into the Infirmary generally, which will to a certain extent account for so small a death rate. 65 TABLE XV. Sickness and Mortality amongst the Parish Poor during the year 1897 ZYMOTIC OR EPIDEMIC DISEASES. Battersea. Small-Pox. Measles. Scarlatina. Diphtheria. Whooping Cough. Enteric & other Fevers. Erysipelas. Puerperal Fever or Metria. Diarrhoea, Dysentery, or Cholera. Influenza. Other Zymotic Diseases. Total. Grand Totals of Cases and Deaths from all Diseases. Cases ... 39 19 12 23 3 23 ... 88 58 4 269 Deaths ... 5 ... 1 1 ... 11 ... 2 1 ... 11 OTHER DISEASES. |
144d223f-0c99-4dcc-bfd6-a6b3d2b72e7d | Battersea. Diseases of the Tubercular Class. Of Brain, Nerves, &c. Of Heart. Of Respiratory Organs. Of Digestive Organs. Of Kidneys. Premature Birth, Low Vitality, Malformation, &c. Age. Violence. All other Diseases. Total. Cases 133 152 45 734 170 12 4 127 78 2005 3460 3729 Deaths 15 5 2 15 2 2 3 5 1 8 58 69 e 66 TABLE XVI. Battersea Vaccination Returns, January to December, 1897. Registration Sub-District. Number of Births returned in the Birth List Sheets—1897. Nos. of those births duly entered by the 31st January, 1896,in Cols. 10, 11, and 13, of the Vaccination Register. |
497d88a7-f28e-4a6b-bb4c-b748237e5df7 | (Birth List Sheets), viz.:— No. of Births which on, the 31st March, 1898,remained unentered in the Vaccination Register on account. Number of those Births remaining on 31st January neither duly entered in Vaccination Register (Col. 3, 4. 5, and 6 of this Return) nor accounted in the Report Book Col. 10, successfully vaccinated. Col. Insusceptible of vaccination. Col. 13, Dead unvaccinated. Postponement by Medical Certificate. Removed to Districts their vaccination officers of which have been apprised. Removed to places unknown. |
444e99ef-38e0-4a11-a918-6f7001a598c9 | (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) East Battersea 2427 1243 2 ... 237 ... 112 ... 193 640 West Battersea 2843 1546 30 ... 281 ... 90 ... 227 669 Totals 5270 2789 32 ... 518 ... 202 ... 420 1309 Table XVI. is a copy of the annual table presented by the Vaccination Officer to the Guardians. The numbers under the headings fully shew the condition of vaccination in Battersea during 1897. Vaccination. In the Annual Report for 1896 a very copious resume of the report of the Royal Commission on Vaccination was given. |
e3e7c962-578e-43fe-bd68-b78b600901d0 | It will not be necessary to reproduce the body of the report, but the conclusions of the majority report as well as that of the minority are epitomised and here given as well as the Bill before parliament at the time of writing, for 67 the purpose of carrying most of the recommendations of the Commission into effect. After setting out at great length the advantages and disadvantages of arm to arm vaccination the report goes on to say that it is obvious that the employment of calf-lymph only would wholly exclude the risks as regards both Syphilis and Leprosy. Respecting the latter disease, however, there appears to be reason to doubt whether any risk exists, and at any rate it does not concern the British population. |
35cdbf7a-2686-4c21-9678-fd1d7a166d78 | Even in Leprosy districts the employment of English human lymph would be, so far as Leprosy is concerned, as safe as that from the calf The risk of Syphilis, although real, is an exceedingly small one, even when humanized lymph is employed, and may probably be wholly avoided by care in the selection of the vaccinifer. As regards all the other dangers, whether of severe illness or temporary inconvenience, the two forms of lymph appear to stand on the same level. The instances of inflamed arms, of Erysipelas, of Vaccinia Maligna, and Eczematous eruptions are not more common after the use of human lymph than after that from the calf. Some of the best qualified witnesses who have afforded us their assistance have expressed a deliberate preference for armto-arm vaccination, believing that the advantages of calf-lymph are more imaginary than real. |
3a2fdca2-7092-40db-8ad5-023d50ecd1cb | A careful examination of the facts which have been brought under our notice has enabled us to arrive at the conclusion that, although some of the dangers said to attend vaccination are undoubtedly real and not inconsiderable in gross amount, yet when considered in relation to the extent of vaccination work done they are insignificant. There is reason further to believe that they are diminishing under the better precautions of the present day, and with the addition of the further precautions which experience suggests will do so still more in the future. We put the use of calf-lymph in the forefront because, as we have said, this would afford an absolute security against the communication of Syphilis. Though we believe the risk of such 68 communication to be extremely small where humanized lymph is employed, we cannot but recognize the fact that however slight the risk, the idea of encountering even such a risk is naturally regarded by a parent with abhorrence. |
26217add-a924-4cb9-a16d-396b277f433e | We think, therefore, that parents should not be required to submit their children to vaccination by means of any but calf-lymph, but this should not prelude in the use of humanized lymph in case they so desire. So long as the State, with a view to the public interest, compels the vaccination of children, so long even as it employs public money in promoting and encouraging the practice, we think it is under an obligation to provide that the means of obtaining calf-lymph for the purpose of vaccination should be within reach of all. We have no hesitation, therefore, in recommending that steps should be taken to secure this result. Whether the duty of providing calf-lymph should be undertaken by the Local Government Boards in the several parts of the United Kingdom, or whether some other method would be more advantageous, can be better determined by those who have had practical acquaintance with the working of the vaccination laws. In connection with this subject, our attention has been drawn to the experiments recently made by Dr. |
818a0bdd-c838-48b4-8d6d-9a35bcc2bf14 | Copeman as to the effect of the storage of vaccine lymph in glycerine. The conclusions at which he arrives are that the addition of glycerine, whilst it leaves the efficacy of the lymph undiminished or even increases it, tends to destroy other organisms. If it be the fact that the efficacy of the lymph remains unimpaired, its storage in glycerine would largely diminish the difficulties connected with the use of calflymph, which are inseparable from calf to arm vaccination. The investigation has not yet reached a point at which it is possible to pronounce with certainty whether the anticipated results would be obtained. And it was at one time suggested that the introduction of glycerine was likely to be mischievous. The question is one a further investigation of which is obviously desirable. 69 If lymph is to be preserved in glycerine, due care would be requisite to ensure its purity and the absence of contamination in its introduction. |
d3319097-edb7-4379-99eb-2a8d8708afbc | We think that, whether mixed with glycerine or not, each tube should contain only sufficient lymph for the vaccination of one person. We have no difficulty in answering the question, what means other than vaccination can be used for diminishing the prevalence of Small-Pox? We think that a complete system of notification of the disease, accompanied by an immediate hospital isolation of the persons attacked, together with a careful supervision, or, if possible, isolation for sixteen days of those who had been in immediate contact with them, could not but be of very high value in diminishing the prevalence of Small-Pox. It would be necessary, however, to bear constantly in mind as two conditions of success, first, that no considerable number of Small-Pox patients should ever be kept together in a hospital situate in a populous neighbourhood, and secondly, that the ambulance arrangement should be organised with scrupulous care. |
5c7692a2-981e-4b8d-80d3-0d1190da588b | If these conditions were not fulfilled, the effect might be to neutralise or even do more than counteract the benefits otherwise flowing from a scheme of isolation. The question we are now discussing must, of course, be argued on the hypothesis that vaccination affords protection against Small-Pox. Who can possibly say that if the disease once entered a town, the population of which was entirely or almost entirely unprotected, it would not spread with a rapidity of which we have in recent times had no experience, or who can foretell what call might then be made on hospital accommodation if all those attacked by the disease were to be isolated? A priori reasoning on such a question is of little or no value. We can see nothing, then, to warrant the conclusion that in this country vaccination might safely be abandoned, and replaced by a system of isolation. |
53db9b2e-1c3f-490f-8421-809e5783ba65 | If such a change were made in our 70 method of dealing with Small-Pox, and that which had been substituted for vaccination proved ineffectual to prevent the spread of the disease (it is not suggested that it could diminish its severity in those attacked), it is impossible to contemplate the consequences without dismay. To avoid misunderstanding, it may be well to repeat that we are very far from underrating the value of a system of isolation. We have already dwelt upon its importance. But what it can accomplish as an auxiliary to vaccination is one thing, whether it can be relied on in its stead is quite another thing. Our attention has been drawn to the circumstances that outbreaks of Small-Pox have not unfrequently had their origin in the introduction of the disease to common lodging-houses by tramps wandering from place to place. In view of this we make the following recommendations:— (i.) That common shelters which are not now subject to the law relating to common lodging-houses should be made subject to such law. |
68f891c0-d29c-4cc2-96cc-423897b29e9f | (ii.) That there shall be power to the local authority to require medical examination of all persons entering common lodging-houses and casual wards to see if they are suffering from Small-Pox, and to offer a reward for prompt information of the presence of the disease. (iii.) That the local authority shall have power to order the keeper of a common lodging-house in which there has been Small-Pox to refuse fresh admissions for such time as may be required by the authority. (iv.) That the local authority should be empowered to require the temporary closing of any common lodginghouse in which Small-Pox has occurred. (v.) That the local authority shall have power to offer free lodgings to any inmate of a common lodging-house or 71 casual ward who may reasonably be suspected of being liable to convey Small-Pox. (vi.) That the Sanitary Authority should give notice to all adjoining Sanitary Authorities of the occurrence of Small-Pox in common lodging-houses or casual wards. (vii.) |
3057050c-67b6-45de-8504-17fc2285664d | That where the disease occurs the Public Vaccinator or Medical Officer of Health should attend and vaccinate the inmates of such lodging-houses or wards, except such as should be unwilling to submit themselves to the operation. In connection with the subject with which we have been dealing we may advert to the suggestion that the vaccination and the Sanitary Authority should in all cases be identical. It has been pointed out that whilst the isolation of patients in hospitals and otherwise is provided for by the Sanitary Authority the extent of the provision requisite to deal with an outbreak of an epidemic of Small-Pox may depend upon the degree in which the vaccination laws have been enforced. More hospital accommodation may be required where vaccination has been neglected than where the vaccination laws have been complied with. It is contended that sanitation and vaccination, concerning as they both do the health of the people, should be under the jurisdiction of a single authority, and that the Sanitary Authority is the appropriate one for that purpose. |
f682fe8b-c9fc-4a35-bf9c-0bb8ab825dc7 | Indeed, the advantage of placing in the same hands the supervision of vaccination and of the other measures designed to prevent the spread of disease are so great and obvious that the proposal to do so deserves most serious consideration. At the same time, we fully recognise the importance of achieving it as far as possible, and we should regard with favour such changes as would render the amalgamation of the vaccination and sanitary authorities feasible, or indeed any steps taken in that 72 direction, even although they should only partially effect the object in view. The report then goes on to discuss as to whether any alterations should be made in the arrangements and proceedings for securing the performance of vaccinations, and, in particular, in those provisions of the Vaccination Acts with respect to prosecutions for non-compliance with the Law. This will be found at length in my report for 1896. |
4b79ad5f-341c-4d0d-b7e5-de77eeabb0d3 | The Commissioners signing the majority report conclude as follows:— "It is to be hoped that our Report will stimulate belief in the efficacy of vaccination, that it will remove some misapprehensions and reassure some who take an exaggerated view of the risks connected with the operation, as well as lead to a more ready enforcement of the law by local authorities. We desire to call attention again to the recommendation, which we made in our fifth interim report, that persons committed to prison by reason of the non-payment of penalties imposed under the vaccination laws, should no longer be treated as criminals. We stated in that report our reasons for this recommendation, to which we still adhere. If, however, the changes in the compulsory provisions of the vaccination laws which we have suggested were adopted, the matter would lose much of its importance. All which we humbly submit for Your Majesty's gracious consideration. The report was signed by the following commissioners :— Lord He???schell. Sir James Paget. Sir Charles Dalrymple. |
ecdad136-7f7a-4587-9389-17aaa6ca907d | Sir W. Guyer Hunter. Sir Edwin H. Galsworthy. John S. Dugdale. M. Foster. Jonathan Hutchinson Frederick Meadows White. Sam. Whitehead. John A. Bright. August, 1896. Bret Ince, Secretary. 73 The undersigned do not find themselves able to go so far in recommending relaxation of the law as is suggested. We think that in all cases in which a parent or guardian refuses to allow vaccination, the person so refusing should be summoned before a magistrate, as at present, and that the only change made should be to permit the magistrate to accept a sworn deposition of conscientious objection, and to abstain from the infliction of a fine. We are also of opinion that, in spite of the difficulties as set forth, a second vaccination at the age of twelve ought to be made compulsory. W. Guyer Hunter. Jonathan Hutchinson. |
62b78e9d-4802-4c37-86a6-237d2392de0e | We, the undersigned, desire to express our dissent from the proposal to retain in any form compulsory vaccination. We cordially concur in the recommendation that conscientious objection to vaccination should be respected. The objection that mere negligence or unwillingness on the part of parents to take trouble might keep many children from being vaccinated would be largely, if not wholly, removed by the adoption of the Scotch system of offering vaccination at the home of the child, and by providing for medical treatment of any untoward results which may arise. We therefore think that the modified form of compulsion recommended by our colleagues is unnecessary and that in practice it could not be carried out. The hostility which compulsion has evoked in the past toward the practice of vaccination is fully acknowledged in the Report. In our opinion the retention of compulsion in any form will, in the future, cause irritation and hostility of the same kind. |
ad68ee57-1d6c-4554-8a39-1b4a222f3435 | The right of the parent on grounds of conscience to refuse vaccination for his child being conceded, and the offer of vaccination under improved conditions being made at the home of the 74 child, it would in our opinion be best to leave the parent free to accept or reject this offer. Sam. Whitbread. W. J. Collins.* John A. Bright. J. Allanson Picton.* * Note.—Dr. Collins and Mr. Picton sign the above note of reservation, though they have not signed the Reports. After giving in detail their grounds of objection to compulsory vaccination the dissentient Commissioners, Dr. Collins and Mr. Picton, make the following recommendations. The whole of their report was given in extenso in the annual report for 1896. In accordance with the sub-head No. |
343ed659-5a2e-4310-b99e-380737cd0a37 | 2 of the reference to the Commission, we would suggest the following as the means other than vaccination which should be employed for protection of a community from small-pox— 1. Prompt notification of any illness suspected to be smallpox. Improved instruction in the diagnosis of small-pox. v 2. A hospital, suitably isolated, of adequate accommodation, in permanent readiness, and capable of extension if required. No other disease to be treated at the same time in the same place. 3. A vigilant sanitary staff, ready to deal promptly with first cases, and, if necessary to make a house-to-house inspection. The medical officer of health to receive such remuneration as to render him independent of private practice. 4. Prompt removal to hospital by special ambulance of all cases which cannot be properly isolated at home. Telephonic communication between Health Office and Hospital. 5. Destruction of infected clothing and bedding, and thorough disinfection of room or house immediately after removal of the patient. |
0e5b81e2-a86a-47b8-bbac-63b5ab9b6c4b | 75 6. Daily observation (including, where possible, taking the temperature and inspection for rash) of all persons who have been in close contact with the patient during his illness; such supervision to be carried out either in quarantine stations (away from the hospital) or at their own homes. 7. Closure of schools on the occasion of the occurrence of small-pox among the scholars or teachers. 8. Hospitals and quarantine stations to be comfortable and attractive, and so administered as to secure the confidence of the public. Hospital treatment to be free to all classes, and compensation to be paid to those detained or otherwise inconvenienced in the public interest, at the public expense. 9. Tramps entering casual wards to be medically inspected, their clothing disinfected, and bath provided. The measures for detection and isolation of small-pox in common lodging-houses suggested in a previous section of the report to be carried out. 10. |
a3f189bf-af1c-4fb6-9283-9f1f132e0195 | International notification of the presence of small-pox, and special vigilance at sea-ports in communication with infected places, after the plan adopted in the case of cholera. 11. Attention to general sanitation—prevention of overcrowding, abundant water supply, and frequent removal of refuse. We recommend that the law be amended by the repeal of the compulsory clauses of the Vaccination Acts. But in consideration of the prevalent belief in the value of vaccination as a prophylactic for an indefinite period, and we suggest that in 76 other respects the law should be left as it is, subject, however, to such modifications as are recommended for the diminution of attendant risks. The precedent established in the case of the abolition of compulsory church rates might be followed with advantage. In that case all machinery for laying and collecting the rate was left intact though the power of enforcement was taken away. |
a868414d-c5be-469a-b744-9eadb8dfd7e9 | The effect of our recommendation, if adopted, would be that vaccination would continue to be provided as at present for those who desire to avail themselves of it, but efforts to secure vaccination would be limited to moral influence—in a word, the whole country would be in a position of those unions in which the guardians have abandoned compulsion. The grounds on which we object to the enforcement of vaccination by penalities necessarily lead us also to object to any method of indirect compulsion. We regard as both expedient and unjust exclusion from any branch of public service because of the refusal to submit to vaccination or re-vaccination. The injustice is perhaps most severely felt in the case of candidates for employment as pupil-teachers in public elementary schools. |
bc3514b9-eca0-406c-9d6f-3c140a23aa78 | There are now districts in which, owing to the general opposition to vaccination, scarcely a girl or boy can be found who is legally eligible, and candidates have to be brought in at great inconvenience from surrounding districts.. The existence of an exceptional case or cases in which such rejected candidates have, at some time afterwards, taken small-pox is, in our view, no justification for the continuation of this grievance. Statistics furnished to the Commission prove that large numbers of vaccinated or re-vaccinated persons have taken the disease; and we are not aware of any evidence to show that vaccinated pupilteachers have any special immunity. If our recommendations were carried out the danger of contagion would be greatly diminished in schools, as elsewhere. On the whole, then, while there is much in the report of our colleagues from which we dissent, and we have accordingly 77 abstained with reluctance from adding our signatures to theirs, we are at one with them in holding that it is unwise to attempt to enforce vaccination on those who regard it as useless and dangerous. |
2711fa7b-2506-4962-a568-6870c34ae848 | We, however, go further, and agree with our colleagues, Mr. Whitbread and Mr. Bright, that it would be simpler and more logical to abolish compulsory vaccination altogether. W. J. Collins. J. Allanson Picton. The methods recommended by the dissentient Commissioners, Dr. Collins and Mr. Picton, have been carried out in London for some time past, long before the issue of the reports, with the exception that tramps entering a casual ward are not examined unless they complain of, or exhibit symptoms of illness. All the other points recommended are carefully carried out in this parish. The following is the text ot the Bill being introduced at the time of writing by Mr. Chaplin, the President of the Local Government Board, Mr. Balfour, Sir Mathew White Ridley, and the Attorney General, which seems likely to pass with important modifications. VACCINATION BILL, 1898. 1.—(1.) |
13ea88b4-e120-4834-b202-45e72a750e06 | The period within which the parent or other person having the custody of a child shall cause the child to be vaccinated shall be twelve months from the birth of the child, instead of the period of three months mentioned in section sixteen of the Vaccination Act of 1867, and so much of that section as requires the child to be taken to a public vaccinator to be vaccinated shall be repealed. (2.) The public vaccinator of the district shall, if the parent or other person having the custody of a child so requires, visit the home of the child for the purpose of vaccinating the child. 78 (3.) If a child is not vaccinated within nine months after its birth, the public vaccinator of the district shall visit the home of the child, and shall offer to vaccinate the child with glycerinated calf lymph. 2. |
56bf0c62-db59-4580-9dcf-105783007809 | An order under section thirty-one of the Vaccination Act of 1867, directing that a child be vaccinated, shall not be made on any person who has previously been convicted of noncompliance with a similar order relating to the same child. 3. The Local Government Board shall have the same powers of making rules and regulations with respect to public vaccinators (whether under contracts made before or after the passing of this Act) as they have with respect to vaccination officers, and any rules and regulations made by the Board with respect to vaccination, whether under this or any other Act, shall, while in force, have effect as if enacted by this Act. 4. The enactments mentioned in the schedule to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that schedule. 5.—(1.) This Act shall not extend to Scotland or Ireland. (2) This Act shall come into operation on the first day of January, One thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine. (3). |
23f1cfce-09a4-413c-a016-4bd5b298213e | This Act may be cited as the Vaccination Act, 1898, and the Vaccination Act of 1867, the Vaccination Act, 1871, the Vaccination Act, 1874, and this Act shall be construed together as one Act, and may be citied collectively as the Vaccination Acts of 1867 to 1898. 79 SCHEDULE. Repeals. Session and Chapter. Short Title. Extent of Repeal. 30 & 31 Vict. c. 84. TheVaccination Act of 1867. Section six. Section seven from "and shall provide all stations" to the end of the section. So much of section eight as fixes the amount of payment thereunder. Section twelve. In Section fifteen, from "according to the provisions" to "performing the operation." |
f34bebb9-175d-401f-903d-d1c660938e87 | Section sixteen, the words "within three months after the birth of such child" and from "within three months "after receiving" to "period as aforesaid," and from " and the public vaccinator" to the end of the section. Section seventeen, to "vaccinations and," and in the same section the words "if the vaccinator so direct," and the words "and inspected as "on the previous occasion." Section nineteen. In section twenty, the words "brought to him for vaccination." In section twenty-nine the words "to take such child "or," the words "to be "taken," and the words "according to the provi"sions of this Act." 34 & 35 Vict. c. 98. The Vaccination Act, 1871. Section ten. In section eleven the words "take or" and the words "to be taken." 80 This bill has been read a second time and referred to Grand Committee. |
69919863-c7ee-4bfa-938c-03f60efd299a | SANITARY LEGISLATION DURING 1897. The Sanitary Laws passed during the year include the Cleansing of Persons Act, Infant Life Protection Act, and the Metropolis Water Act. The Cleansing of Persons Act empowers the sanitary authority, if they think fit, to afford free use, upon application, of any apparatus at their disposal, for the cleansing of persons and clothing infested with Vermin. The Infant Life Protection Act provides for the registration by the London County Council of any premises where more than one infant is farmed out, and will probably be the means of reducing infantile mortality. Metropolis Water Act, 1897. One of the most important sections affecting Public Health is No. 2, which empowers the sanitary authority to assist any water consumer in obtaining the settlement of questions affecting water consumers generally in the district, more especially relative to the duties and liabilities of water companies with regard to the quantity or quality of water supplied by them. The following important Bill was also before Parliament. |
461a8040-2e04-4b6d-b45c-bff7d470d767 | Adulteration (Food Products) Bill, 1898. A Bill to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the sale of Foods and Drugs was prepared and brought into Parliament in session 1897 by Mr. Kearley, Sir Jas. Woodhouse, Mr. Horace Plunkett, Mr. Lambert and others, but only passed the first reading, and has been re-introduced during the present session as the Adulteration (Food Products) Bill, 1898. 81 The Bill, if adopted, would repeal the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875, the Sale of Food and Drugs Act Amendment Act, 1879; and the Margarine Act, 1887. It is to be hoped that it will pass, as it will remove many difficulties which now exist in carrying out these Acts. Penalties. Sec. |
95d5e6b8-d3be-4ebc-a89f-b326e556d748 | 3 provides for a penalty not exceeding £10 for a first offence; not less than £5 and not exceeding £50 for a second offence; and for a third or subsequent offence not less than £20 nor exceeding £100, or, in the discretion of the magistrate, three months' imprisonment with or without hard labour. Existing legislation provides only for a penalty not exceeding £20, and in many cases fines of only a few shillings have been inflicted. Sec. 4 provides that after a first offence the Court may order a notice of the conviction to be affixed to the premises in such manner and for such period as may be determined. By Sec. 10 it is proposed to render it an offence to be in possession of an adulterated article with intent to sell. Sec. 11 provides for the prohibition of importation of adulterated articles. Sec. 19 provides that a warranty given by a person not resident in Great Britain or Ireland shall not be a good defence. Sec. |
98e75a28-f3cb-462f-8711-665a80fa9c30 | 24 would empower an Inspector to seize or procure any sample of food at the place of delivery, and for that purpose to break open any parcel. Sec. 26 provides that the sample shall be divided into four parts, instead of, as at present, into three, provided the vendor requires it. One of the samples would be delivered to the vendor, one to the Public Analyst, and the other two retained by the F 82 Inspector, who, under Sec. 20, would, in a case where it was the purpose of the defendant to rely upon a warranty, forthwith forward one to the warrantor. Sec. 30 provides that every local authority adopting the Act shall procure at least one sample per annum for every thousand inhabitants. Sec. 31 would be a very valuable section in that the period within which a summons must be served is, in a case where a warranty is produced, not limited to twenty-eight days, thereby enabling the Sanitary Authority to proceed against the wholesale vendor. Sec. |
a302b985-c28c-4bbf-b502-b2bcbe0a86ef | 38 provides for the appointment of a Board of Reference. Common Lodging Homes Acts, 1851. 1853. Stoving of Vermin infected bedding. In reply to a letter dated 12th June, 1897, from the Medical Officer of Health of the London County Council, asking whether opportunity would be given to keepers of common Lodging Houses to free the bedding of their houses from Vermin by means of the Vestry's disinfecting apparatus, I have arranged that in any case where in my opinion such would be desirable this shall be carried out by the Vestry's contractor. At present, no application has, however, been made. Removal of Manure. |
b686c7ec-e2b8-46f7-8606-acf7684cfe97 | During the year the Public Health Committee of the London County Council .have had under consideration the subject of nuisances arising from accumulations of manure in London districts, and in connection therewith Section 36 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, which provides for a sanitary authority to employ or contract with scavengers to collect or remove the Manure and other refuse matter from any stables or cowhouses within their district, the occupiers of which signify their consent in writing to such removal. 83 TABLE XVII. Summary of Sanitary Operations during 1897. |
f97842a4-3270-43ac-af52-0cb742ccc700 | 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 Total Sanitary operations 38,779 54,577 53,791 55,806 69,432 67,200 Number of House Inspections 23,587 25,091 24,747 30,051 38,781 42,486 Bakehouses Inspections 215 296 313 460 532 545 Bakehouses Nuisances abated ... 18 19 49 57 29 Urinals—Inspections 251 260 318 483 468 367 Do. altered, repaired, or water laid on ... 120 119 31 40 58 Intimations Served, 54 & 55 Vic. cap. 76(3) 3,691 4,420 4,289 4,256 3,461 3,030 Notices Served under Sec. |
b8c53988-7d2f-4240-b5f0-218d077153c4 | 4 921 1,211 1,076 1,198 909 611 Notices Served under Sec. 62 and 65 1,588 2,572 1,605 1,709 1,952 2,246 Complaints Received and attended to . 4,089 3,253 3,877 3,302 3,254 Number of Houses Disinfected 1,227 2,069 1,449 1,454 1,698 2,009 Houses Supplied with Disinfectants 3,026 5,275 3,175 3,616 6,748 7,846 Overcrowding Abated 34 38 56 33 60 65 Premises Cleansed and Repaired 189 280 328 138 235 319 Drains Tested By Smoke 700 1,491 1,272 1,331 1, |
7b720847-94fd-430d-ac23-dcfb2c703e50 | 188 914 „ Water 178 491 794 997 2,829 3,080 Drains Cleansed and Repaired 1,107 1,564 1,106 1,205 941 799 Drains Relaid 220 917 742 742 762 636 Soil Pipes ventilated . . 135 796 846 764 Sink and Rain Water Pipes disconnected 1,360 562 1,012 634 565 318 Water Closets Cleansed and Repaired 237 314 426 236 282 327 Cesspools Abolished 1 4 6 8 . 5 Mews and Stables Drained and Paved 86 30 11 8 17 10 Yards Drained and Paved 161 253 938 555 735 765 Accumulations of Manure Removed or proper receptacles provided 41 70 56 61 56 93 Dust Receptacles Provided 738 772 1, |
e6249b6c-cac0-45d0-8401-397ff56eb705 | 221 688 587 714 Dust Complaints forwarded to the Surveyor . 271 214 377 209 205 Leaky House-roofs and Gutters Repaired 185 84 240 134 180 182 Houses Supplied with Water 151 130 93 252 121 122 Water Closets Supplied with Water, or supply disconnected from drinking water cistern 860 731 1,113 1,054 911 1,029 Cisterns Covered. Cleansed and Repaired 409 469 624 816 687 637 Keeping of Animals in unfit state discontinued 5 16 11 16 25 26 Smoke Nuisances dealt with 10 26 21 11 12 36 Certificates of Disinfection Granted 1,044 1,659 1,551 1,538 1,740 2,176 Water Supply Certificates Granted (Sec. |
5e6b7033-0025-439f-a9ab-870edbed302e | 48) 16 118 141 282 288 236 Proceedings Ordered by Vestry and Sanitary Committee 444 1,211 1,100 1,243 959 1,536 Summonses Issued 14 73 52 63 65 48 Magisterial Orders Obtained and Enforced 14 70 42 59 55 40 Sanitary Conveniences provided or improvements affected to Factories and Workshops, Sec. 38 4 8 19 14 38 40 Underground sleeping rooms disused ... ... ... 12 19 42 Gipsy vans inspected ... ... ... 64 56 30 Drains laid to New Houses ... ... ... ... 266 244 Samples taken under the Sale of Food and Drugs Act 101 103 101 227 300* 300* •This is for the Analytical year ending March. 84 At present, however, no power appears to be given to sanitary authorities to charge for this service. |
a7a1c839-ba4b-402f-b879-2258ac05272a | It will be generally conceded that there would be a great advantage to the sanitary authority having the power to remove and charge an agreed sum for the service. Table xvii shews the sanitary work of the Public Health Department for the last six years. The total number of sanitary operations during 1897 was 67,200. These were slightly less numerous than in 1896 owing to the inspectorial staff being short handed for a month or two at the end of the year. It will, however, be apparent that the more serious work, such as the inspection of premises was in excess of any previous year. The total number of house inspections during the year 1897 was forty-two thousand four hundred and eighty-six. It must not be imagined that this is identical with the number of separate houses inspected, as many in a bad and insanitary condition required re-inspection on many occasions. The number of intimations served under sec. 3 of the Public Health (London) Act was three thousand and thirty, under sec. |
417ef1bc-a158-419e-b80f-79f349e4df53 | 4, six hundred and eleven, and the notices served under secs. 62 and 65 were two thousand two hundred and forty-six. Complaints to the number of three thousand two hundred and fifty-four were received and attended to. The number of houses disinfected was two thousand and ninety, while disinfectants were distributed in seven thousand eight hundred and forty-six instances, and certificates of disinfection, two thousand one hundred and seventysix issued, and three hundred and nine premises were cleansed and repaired, and overcrowding abated in sixty-five cases. Drains were tested by water in three thousand and eighty instances, and by smoke in nine hundred and fourteen. There were seven hundred and ninety-nine drains cleansed and repaired, while six hundred and thirty-six were relaid. |
b3e0b928-67c9-4062-aba8-4353845a9c8b | There were two hundred and forty-four drains laid to new houses under the 85 drain inspector, which office has now ceased to exist, as each district sanitary inspector for the future takes charge of all the drains, both old and new in his district. Soil pipes were ventilated in seven hundred and sixty-four cases, sink and rain water pipes disconnected in three hundred and eighteen instances. Three hundred and twenty water closets were cleansed and repaired, and five cesspools discovered and abolished, One thousand and twenty-nine closets were supplied with water or the supply disconnected from the drinking water cistern. Six hundred and thirty-seven cisterns were covered, cleansed or repaired. One hundred and twenty-two houses were supplied with water, and two hundred and thirty-six certificates of proper and sufficient supply of water and fittings issued. The Health Committee and the Vestry ordered proceedings in one thousand five hundred and thirty-six instances. Summonses were issued in forty-eight instances to enforce the same, and in forty magisterial orders were obtained. |
f8b72071-1e34-45a4-a271-6f55582e05b7 | Mews and stables were drained and paved in ten instances, and ninety-three accumulations of manure removed or proper receptacles provided. Animals were found to be kept in an unfit state in twenty-six cases. Sanitary conveniences were provided or improvements effected to Factories or Workshops in forty cases. Dust receptacles were provided in seven hundred and fourteen instances, and two hundred and five complaints forwarded to Surveyor. Leaky house roofs and gutters were repaired in one hundred and eighty-two cases. Underground sleeping rooms were disused in forty-two cases, and gipsy vans inspected in thirty. 86 Details of proceedings at Police Court. During the year 1897, 48 summonses were issued respecting the Health Department, particulars of Court. which are here set out:— Summonses issued. Withdrawn. Dismissed. Magisterial Orders obtained. |
232f60c9-03ab-4e22-aa45-fb5304294a4f | Under the Sale of Food and Drugs Act 22 - 2 20 Under the Public Health (London) Act:— Non-compliance with notices 17 4 - 13 Contravention of bye-laws 2 1 - 1 Permitting the occupation of new houses without obtaining certificate of Water supply 5 - - 5 Smoke nuisances 1 1 - - Under the Factory and Workshops Act:— Occupation of Bakehouse not in use on 1st January, 1896 1 - - 1* 48 6 2 40 * In this case the decision of the magistrate has since been reversed in the High Court. Of the two summonses dismissed under the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, one was upon production of a warranty, and the other owing to the summons not having been properly served. The six summonses under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891 withdrawn, were on account of the Vestry's requirements having been carried out and the costs paid by the defendants. |
af38c412-227e-4304-ac4d-cdc86ab433b1 | The following articles of food have been condemned during the year, and certificates granted for same :— 1¼ cwt. of herrings 9 cod fish 5 boxes of oranges ¾ cwt. of skate 264 crabs 1 duck 1 box of halibut 2 boxes of tomatoes 1 box of cod 4 boxes of kippers 2 barrels of herrings 1 box of hake 3 trunks of haddocks 87 A practice has been adopted that when retail vendors become aware that articles of food purchased of wholesale dealers are unsound and unfit for human consumption, they attend with the same at the Public Health Offices, and if satisfied that no attempt has been made to sell the articles, they are condemned by the Vestry's Officers, and cremated at the Dust Destructor, and a certificate is given in support of any claim upon the wholesale firm who originally sold the same. This no doubt prevents a large amount of unsound food being offered for sale. |
9a1dc692-3701-49b0-be7f-02da1e689865 | The whole of the butchers, fishmongers, fruiterers, and other tradesmen's premises have been kept under close and frequent supervision both on week days and Sundays, and in no case has it been found necessary to effect a seizure of any article of food. Bakehouses The half-yearly inspection of bakehouses was carried out in May and September. At the May inspection there were 108 in active use, and with seventeen exceptions the cleansing and lime-washing had been carried out, in which cases intimations were served, followed in two instances by statutory notices by order of the Health Committee, which were subsequently complied with. At the September inspection it was found necessary to serve fourteen notices, which were duly complied with. At that time the bakehouses in occupation numbered 104. Cowhouses and Slaughterhouses. |
76a45f7d-dcf0-4f3a-9398-190943ab0a06 | In October last, a Sub-Committee of the Health Committee visited the whole of the Cow-houses and Slaughter-houses in the Parish for which applications had been made for the renewal of licenses. There were 18 such applications, of which 8 were in respect of cow-houses, and 10 for slaughter-houses, in respect of one existing cow-house, application was not made, and the license consequently lapsed. 88 Opposition was made on behalf of the Vestry to the renewal of two slaughter-house licenses; in one case, upon the grounds that the conditions of the license that pigs only be slaughtered had not been complied with inasmuch as cattle had been dealt with, and further, that the London County Council's bye-laws had not been observed at the time the Sub-Committee visited the premises. In this instance, the Council refused to renew the license. |
68c7471d-7ad3-42c3-89ab-94c7faa40052 | In the second case, the license was renewed subject to not more than forty pigs being slaughtered in one day, and such portion only of the premises that is licensed being used for the conduct of the business. There are therefore now only 8 cow-houses and 9 slaughterhouses licensed in the parish which is, no doubt, a step in the direction of the provision of public abattoirs. Public-house Urinals. The urinals were inspected in three hundred and sixty-seven instances, and in fifty-eight were altered, repaired or had water laid on. In July, in consequence of numerous complaints as to the insufficient flushing of the urinals, and the consequent nuisance arising therefrom, the following notice was served, with good effect, upon the occupiers of all premisesin which urinals were situate and accessible to the public: The Vestry of the Parish of St. Mary, Battersea. To the Occupier of. |
7db59908-f2b8-497f-b311-859e2cc091d7 | The Vestry, as the Sanitary Authority, request that you will be good enough to arrange that the urinal to which the public have access, situate at your premises, may be regularly flushed with disinfectants during hot weather in order to avoid nuisance. By Order. Municipal Buildings, Lavender Hill. 89 Water Supply. The usually quarterly samples were taken during the year from the mains of the Lambeth and of the Southwark ahd Vauxhall Water Companies. A prominent feature in the work of the Public Health Department is the largely increased number of special inspections made by the Chief Sanitary Inspector, and the District Sanitary Inspectors, the results of which are reported to the Health Committee at the next subsequent meeting. In order to facilitate reference to the minutes if necessary the dates upon which such reports have been made during the year 1897 are appended. |
d68060f7-058a-412b-a322-15e96eb51170 | January 5th.—At this meeting a report was submitted with reference to the condition of the drainage of the Latchmere Street Board School, as to its generally defective condition, which is quoted in my last Annual Report; that the London School Board, who had been served with notice, had requested that the matter might stand in abeyance for a time, that plans were subsequently submitted to the Health Committeefor the remodelling of the system of drainage, and that the works, which are of an extensive character, are, at the time of writing completed. In connection with the drainage of the large schools in the parish, it may be stated that nearly all of them have been redrained since the Public Health (London) Act came into operation, and consequently they are now in a satisfactory condition in that respect. January 19th.—At this meeting an exhaustive report was submitted relative to the drainage, water closets, and other sanitary conveniences in connection with the Wandsworth and Clapham Union Infirmary, St. |
2d954417-d6c7-46c8-acfc-e41453d933a7 | John's Hill, and in respect of which a preliminary report had been furnished by the Chief Inspector at the meeting of the Health Committee on the 15th September, 1896, at which time the Committee gave him instructions to make a fuller examination of the general sanitary condition of the Infirmary, and report to them thereon. 90 That the whole of the drains, with the exception of Blocks B and E, were in a defective condition, and that generally the various water closets, etc., were of an obsolete pattern, and in many cases insufficiently supplied with water. Further, that from time to time, alterations had apparently been made in connection with the drainage, etc., intercepting traps, and other appliances fixed without proper regard being had to the general system of drainage. The Committee directed that a copy of the Report should be furnished to the Guardians with the request that the matter should receive their early attention. Considerable delay occurring, the Committee ordered a notice to be served upon the Guardians to carry out the necessary works. |
9a3e4552-3d83-4a79-ad34-601b3f54abf8 | This notice was served upon the 23rd February, and subsequently a criticism by Mr. Aldwinckle, the Architect to the Guardians, dated June 10th, 1897, upon the report of the Chief Sanitary Inspector and an examination which he had made of the matters complained of by the Health Committee, was laid before them. The following are a few of the most important extracts from the Architect's report, and will shew the conclusions he arrived at. "In this report I do not deal with the drainage and sanitary arrangements in Blocks "B" and "E" as these are considered satisfactory in Mr. Young's Report, and also because I personally know them to be correct, as they were all re-modelled under my direction ten years ago. "I may remark at the outset, that while Mr. Young's Report deals in very considerable detail with the internal sanitary arrangements, his condemnation of the old drainage is very general in its nature, and is apparently based upon examination at very few points. |
9317bd08-4301-42a0-bf2a-2a2b4a9c6b3e | I have, however, considered it necessary to examine and test the whole of the main lines of this old drainage, as well as many of the branch drains. 91 "Generally speaking, these old drains are laid in the manner usual thirty or forty years ago, viz., with clay joints, and upon the natural ground, without any concrete bed. These clay joints perish or fall out, leaving open joints, through which the sewage escapes into the adjoining subsoil. In all cases where the drains are near the surface of the ground, such a condition of things is distinctly insanitary. "Soil-Pipes to W.C's.—The W.C. soil-pipes in the three turrets are of lead, built into the walls, and without any means of access for repairs; those in the two northern turrets are trapped at the foot, either directly or by means of a trapped inspection chamber, and all three rise through the roof of the turret with open ends. |
3a3e8362-9c7a-4213-a11c-7e207ea20162 | I have tested with the smoke test the soil-pipes in the northwest and north-east turrets, and found them perfectly sound. In the same turrets I have tested the soil-pipes for syphonage, putting in each case, two pails of water down one of the upper closets, but did not succeed in unsealing the traps of any of the lower ones. This is accounted for by the fact that these closets stand in a range of three on each floor, two going into one branch, and the third into a second branch, the two branches uniting before joining the vertical soil-pipe. I am informed that the soil-pipe in the south-west turret has no trap at the foot, but I have not opened the roadway at this point. In all other respects this soil-pipe is similar to those in the other two turrets." |
c1cead5a-847e-4f7c-b189-fd1e0af03860 | "In all other cases, except the range of four closets on the landing in the Female Pavilion, and the two single closets for the Matron and the Assistant Medical Officer, the soil-pipes are trapped at the foot; they are all of lead, except those to the W.C's adjoining the four day rooms ; these latter are of cast-iron of light rain-water section, with lead branches from W.C. to soil-pipe. I cannot defend the continued use of these iron soilpipes inside the building (see my remarks later on as to the iron waste-pipes trom slop-sinks in main turrets). All soil-pipes throughout have top ventilation." 92 "Waste-pipes from Slop-Closets or Slop-Sinks.—These are in all cases inside the buildings, and have top ventilation ; they are all of cast-iron, of light rain water pipe section, with ordinary red lead joints. |
5b9ff20e-a9e6-4bd8-ae38-84268e3b8dd9 | This class of pipe does not admit of a reliable and air-tight joint being made, as they are not intended to be used for the purposes of internal foul wastes. Very careful smoke tests were made with these pipes in the two northern turrets; the general results were much better than one would have anticipated; but a serious defect was found in the cistern chamber of the north-west tower, caused by defective joints in positions where access for repair was practically impossible. As indicating the superiority of lead over iron pipes for internal wastes, I may point out that similar defects were not detected in the cistern-room of the north-eastern turret, and upon examination it was found that, in that case, the pipe running through the cistern-room was of lead. I cannot but feel that these internal iron pipes are not only insanitary but dangerous, and I should recommend their being replaced by strong iron pipes placed externally with proper arrangements for anti-syphonage." |
1cc84b55-aa1c-481e-9208-633060a3873d | "Water Supply to W.C's &c.—With a few exceptions, the whole of the W. C's and slop-sinks are supplied direct from the drinking water cisterns; this is an unsatisfactory and, indeed, dangerous arrangement, and should be altered." "Anti-Syphonage.—At present, no provision is made in any way to guard against syphonage and consequent unsealing of traps. Such provision is undoubtedly necessary in the case of W.C.'s or slop-sinks standing singly one above another, the only exception being, as previously described, where there are ranges of three or four closets together upon the same floor, where I found it quite impossible to unseal the traps of the lower W.C.'s." "Soil-Pipes and W.C.'s.—The soil-pipes are of cast iron, fixed externally, trapped at foot, and top ventilated, with fresh air inlet and Mica flap. With two exceptions, these W.C. |
2e8f62b3-ef70-417b-9919-518108d36fd4 | 's are the "Household " pattern with flushing cisterns." 93 "Generally.—From the details contained in the foregoing report, it will be seen that a good deal of the old drainage is in an insanitary condition, and that many of the internal sanitary arrangements are more or less faulty; but this does not justify the recommendation contained in Mr. Young's Report, which is to the effect that "anything short of an entire re-construction of the drainage, waste and soil-pipes, and most of the sanitary fittings, will not meet the case." I may point out that the notice from the Vestry, under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, does not go as far as Mr. Young's very comprehensive recommendations. |
08e9407f-2949-4baf-8506-ce20fb00dcbd | The exact terms of the notice are "to abate the same by executing such works as may be necessary to put the drains in sound and water-tight condition, providing means of inspection and ventilation thereto, and further to take the necessary steps to prevent syphonage of traps of slop-closets, &c., and provide proper and sufficient supply of water to water closets, also to remedy defective soil-pipes and slop-closet waste pipes." "I think that the terms of this notice will be fairly met if the defects which I have described in the drainage and other sanitary arrangements are remedied. So far as the old drainage is concerned, its defective condition is so serious that I am sure the Guardians would have this rc-constructed without any pressure from the Vestry, now that they have been made aware of the facts, nor will this be either a very extensive, or very costly undertaking." |
15403aae-1a3c-4715-a81f-382552c4ce8d | It will be seen from the report of the Architect that he apparently did not agree with the Chief Inspector's general condemnation of the drains, as it was made upon examination of the system at very few points. It is a fact he did not for the purpose of examination and testing break open the ground, etc., (which would have been both costly and unnecessary) in order to ascertain the condition of the drains which is shewn by the Architect's own findings and recommendations not to have 94 been necessary, as the conclusions he arrived at were exactly similar to those of the Chief Inspector, and Health Committee, that nothing short of an entire reconstruction ot the drainage, etc., would meet the case, and that those recommendations have been found to be perfectly justified and verified in the following report of the Special Committee of the Guardians appointed with reference to this question. |
a0bfef77-c986-45d5-be04-cfc90a381295 | The Architect subsequently accepted various suggestions with reference to the remodelling of the system of drainage, which were embodied in the plans submitted to and approved by the Vestry, and the works are at date of reporting being carried out, and when completed will make the Infirmary one of the best drained institutions of the parish. Report of Special Committee of the Guardians with Reference to Infirmary Drainage. Your Committee recommend— (1.) That the whole of the Drainage of the Infirmary, with the exception of that in connection with Blocks "B" and "C," and also with the exception of the main Western Drain along roadway, having been found, after careful testing, to be very defective and insanitary, the same be removed and replaced by a new system of Drainage upon modern sanitary principles, and that the Architect be instructed to prepare a sketch Plan, showing such new system of Drainage, for submission to the Vestry of Battersea. (2.) |
05478c8c-8dcb-45a5-bce0-53733430cde1 | That all internal soil and waste pipes be removed and replaced by cast galvanized iron pipes placed externally, such pipes to have, in all cases, top ventilation placed well above roof gutters—soil pipes from water closets only to be of lead. (3.) That in all cases where the water supply to the water closets and slop sinks is taken direct from the drinking water cisterns, the same to be disconnected, and proper water waste preventing cisterns be provided. 95 (4.) That all the "D" traps be removed from soil pipes, and replaced by proper drawn lead syphon traps. (5.) That all gullies that are not of glazed earthenware with trap in the same piece, be removed and replaced with proper gullies. (6.) That all the Jennings' valve water closets be removed and replaced by those of a modern type, on the bracket or Corbel principle, with waste preventing flushing cisterns. (7.) |
7f5f876c-df82-414c-98db-2d0f32196b27 | That the defective water closets and slop sinks in the old Block Wards be removed and replaced with others of modern type. (8.) That the iron baths (all in a defective condition,) be removed and replaced by glazed fire-clay baths. (9.) That the Ward Scullery sinks, some of which are of slate, some of galvanized iron, and some of wood (lead lined), all being in a defective condition, be removed and replaced by glazed fire-clay sinks. (10.) That the Housemaid's sinks, which are in fair condition be retained. (11.) That the lavatories, which are Jennings' "Tilt-up," and in good condition, be retained. (12.) That anti-syphonage pipes be provided to all soil pipes, except where the water closets are in ranges of three or more upon each floor. (13.) |
d10afd3d-dd3c-486b-9fcd-c253615ffb9a | The main western drain, running down west roadway will be retained, but the Ventilation will be improved, as suggested by the Architect, and three new manholes will be provided. 96 February 2nd.—At this meeting he reported with reference to the special annual inspection of Urinals attached to the various licensed houses in the parish, stating that except in 58 cases they were found to be in cleanly condition, the walls suitably protected with impervious material, and with water supply and properly trapped drains. The total number of houses at which drink is consumed upon the premises was 158. February 15th.—At this meeting he reported with reference to the Stone Works, New Road, that at these premises some 50 men were employed without proper and sufficient water closet and urinal accommodation, and that the drains serving the same were in defective condition. The Committee directed the necessary notices to be served, and subsequently suitable water closet and urinal accommodation was provided, and the drains partially re-constructed. |
a714b817-6869-4d71-8748-06bbc6544b17 | He also submitted report with reference to Firewood Cutting premises at the rear of the "Halfway House," Battersea Park Road, that some 15 men, 14 women and 1 boy were employed in chopping wood, etc., for whom no water closet accommodation was provided. In this case also the Committee directed that notice should be served, which was subsequently complied with by suitable water closet accommodation being provided for each of the sexes. March 2nd.—At this meeting a report was submitted with reference to the complaint which had been made relative to the deposits of manure and fish offal upon the Latchmere allotments and the ground adjoining the railway embankment, Sheepcote Lane, to the effect that he had found such deposits were made by street vendors, etc., without the consent of the persons occupying the ground. |
25f0d2fe-bf2c-492c-907d-5691cf2ce818 | The Committee directed that the matter be brought under the notice of the Board of Overseers, the Commissioners of Police, and the Railway Company, and the nuisance was found to have considerably abated upon subsequent inspection being made. 97 March 16th.—At this meeting the Chief Sanitary Inspector submitted reports relative to the alleged overcrowding of the Lodging Houses in Surrey Lane, to the effect that the premises in question were registered by the London County Council, and that in no case was any overcrowding found to exist, having regard to the amount of cubic air space required for each person by the Common Lodging Houses Act. That No. 65 Surrey Lane was let to male lodgers only, having six bedrooms, and was occupied upon the date of inspection by 31 men, being registered for this number. No. 41 for women and couples, having five bedrooms, was found to be used by 14 persons, for which number it is registered. No. |
3e70a4e9-be8c-45d1-987f-30f06af976be | 39 principally used by women lodgers, having seven bedrooms, was found to be occupied by 36 lodgers, for which number it was registered. No. 37 had eight bedrooms, and was principally used by couples and children, was registered for 39 lodgers, and was found to be occupied by this number. The latter premises are provided with two kitchens or day rooms, where the lodgers can sit and prepare their food, the regulations relating to the management of this class of lodging house, requiring that the bedrooms shall not be allowed to be used during the day. The premises are provided with separate water closet accommodation for the sexes, and are also supplied with washing basins, and upon the date of inspection to which the report had reference, the whole of the bedrooms were found to be empty, and the walls, ceilings, floors and bedding, etc. found to be in fairly cleanly condition, excepting the walls and ceilings of the day rooms, which were subsequently cleansed and limewhited. |
97f482ef-5098-4b3a-9f88-9a753f5c0115 | The above four houses are registered to accommodate 120 lodgers, and were found to be occupied by this number. Free access has always been given to the Vestry's officers to these premises whenever application has been made. Also with reference to No. 111 Bridge Road West, which G 98 was formerly registered as a lodging-house, but subsequently disused for this purpose, that it was found in the early part of December, 1896, a portion of the premises were again occupied by a number of casual lodgers, that he had directed the London County Council's attention to the matter, who, stated that they did not regard the premises as a common lodging-house. They were consequently kept under observation for some time by the Officers of the Health Department, and it was found early in the present month that the front rooms of the ground and first floors were let out night after night for the purpose of a common lodging-house. |
7e3f5757-8dd9-4f0c-9a44-052512165954 | Upon inspection on the nth March, 1897, it was found that in the ground floor front room there were nine beds, and in the first floor front room, six beds. In the ground floor front room the only ventilation was by two small openings, 9" x 6", and although the bedding provided was fairly clean, the rooms were not provided with proper sanitary conveniences. The kitchen or day room was entirely underground, without light or ventilation. The Committee directed that the matter be brought again to the notice of the London County Council, with a request that the premises in question should be registered as a common lodging-house. At this meeting a report was submitted with reference to the alleged over-crowding at certain houses in Winstanley Road, which had been inspected a few months previously during the ordinary house to house inspection of the road, when no overcrowding was found to exist. |
059bf63a-2fc8-400a-9753-9b5a966f2a13 | That upon a further inspection of the premises being made, several of the rooms were found to be fully occupied, but in no case was over-crowding discovered. Many of the rooms were in dirty condition, arising principally from the habits of the occupants and notices were served upon the owners with a view to remedying the insanitary condition, which were subsequently complied with. 99 April 6th.—At this meeting a report was submitted relative to the water closet accommodation at Messrs. Stimpson's Works, Candahar Road, that on the date of inspection some fifty men were found to be employed, for whom there was only one water closet. The water supply to same was by means of a spindle valve, and the urinal accommodation was dirty, and not properly supplied with water. That there was in addition to the above one water closet for the office staff, apparently little used. |
43a174d1-ce05-4e05-9f62-d7cdcafc054a | The Committee gave directions that the necessary alterations should be made to provide one water closet for every twenty-five persons employed upon the works, with proper urinal accommodation in addition. The alterations were subsequently made to meet the Committee's requirements. April 20th.—The Chief Sanitary Inspector submitted a special report relative to the defective condition of the drains of No. |
560b1f81-45df-4452-9591-dcf59bd5f3dd | 11 Newman Street, in respect of which notice had been served, and the owner of the property had at the previous meeting of the Committee attended, and stated that he had found no defect therein ; that acting under the Committee's directions, and after giving 24 hours notice to the occupier, the drains had been opened up and tested by smoke in the presence of the owner, the smoke freely escaping from two or three points in the course of the drain; that subsequently the drains were tested by water, when it was found impossible to fill the same in consequence of their defective condition, and that the owner had now consented to comply with the requirements of the Vestry and reconstruct the drains in accordance with their requirements, and further to pay the cost the Vestry had incurred in opening up. |
a9d304fb-0c97-4e52-99f1-f7d872e9dcb7 | Also that acting upon a complaint made by the Factory Inspector, a tailor's workshop, which had been recently opened at 19 York Road, had been inspected, that persons of both sexes were found to be employed, and that the water closet ventilated directly into the workshop. The portion of the 100 premises used as a workshop had been made by roofing in a part of the yard and enclosing the water closet. Notice was served, and the use of the building for a workshop discontinued. June 1st.—At this meeting he reported relative to the complaint which had been made with reference to Messrs. |
95154d5d-de73-4d54-8f08-e0dc2929271c | Ransome's Dock, and in respect of which it was stated the stench proceeding therefrom had been the cause of illness of certain persons employed upon buildings in course of erection near the dock in question; that the dock had been kept under constant observation, and upon a recent inspection there were found to be decaying carcases of three animals upon the surface of the water, from which most offensive smells emanated, that he had subsequently seen Messrs. Ransome's manager with a view to the dock being cleansed, and the removal of the offensive carcases, etc. from the water. The dock was emptied on the following Sunday morning, and although there was a considerable quantity of mud at the bottom, no nuisance arose therefrom. The dock has been kept under close observation since the date of the complaint, and no further nuisance had been detected. He also submitted report with reference to Messrs. |
6503605b-1110-4959-a890-db7b5c5060e5 | Ransome's Engineering Works to the effect that some 105 men were employed, for which the sanitary conveniences consisted of an iron trough 10+12 feet in length, in most offensive condition, and without proper water supply, that two further iron trough closets were provided, having lever plug outlets, and supplied with water by means of a 3/4 inch ball valve. It was understood that the troughs were emptied only once per day. The conveniences for the office staff were found to be in good condition and of more recent construction. The Committee gave directions that proper and sufficient water closet accommodation should be provided, and the works were subsequently carried out, and a portion of the drains relaid 101 in accordance with the Vestry's requirements, the buildings in which they were situated thoroughly cleansed and limewhited. Also that at Messrs. |
d6e0dbf8-071e-4ad0-b09c-8cc9bf06dccc | Bowley's premises some 18 men were found to be employed, for whom a water closet was provided with defective water supply and an untrapped urinal, with the surface surrounding the same in badly paved condition, allowing pools of stagnant water to collect. These defects existed in the works north side of Wellington Road, on the south side it was found there were certain other conveniences. Further, that one of the processes of manufacture herein conducted was the grinding of white lead in oil, that at some time or other suitable facilities for washing were provided for the workmen employed, but that on the date of his inspection these were out of order, and the workmen had in consequence for months past been utilising a large tank for the purpose of washing their hands, and this, upon the date of inspection, had the appearance of having been very infrequently emptied. A portion of the yard of these works was used as a urinal, and was in a most offensive condition, without proper paving or drainage. |
9991f6cc-c682-47c4-8099-9f0a8eaf80a1 | The Committee gave directions that the necessary steps should be taken to see that the various matters were attended to. Notice was consequently served, and the works carried out. Also with reference to the Albion Wharf, Wellington Road, that for the use of the persons employed, namely, two workmen, and two on the office staff, there were two of Moule's earth closets, which were, upon the date of inspection, found to be in good and cleanly condition. The Committee, having regard to the whole of the circumstances of the case, decided not to require further accommodation to be provided. Also that at the Imperial Oil Company's Works, Wellington Road, some ten men were employed in addition to the office staff, and that the water closet accommodation was in a satisfactory 102 condition, except that the walls of the enclosures required cleansing and lime-whiting. |
be23fb0e-5a32-42cc-8a57-318590d283a9 | He further reported that upon inspecting the premises of the London Road Car Co., in Wellington Road, in which some 240 horses were stabled, the stables were found to be in good and cleanly condition, and properly lighted, ventilated and paved; the litter used in connection with the premises being peat. The number of workmen constantly employed was found to be about sixteen, and sufficient water closet accommodation was provided. Since the date of the Report the Committee have had plans before them in connection with these premises for the erection of a new granary, proper receptacles for manure, and suitable water closet accommodation, and at the time of reporting these have now been constructed, and the premises may be said to be in good condition. Also with reference to a complaint which had been received as to the alleged insanitary condition of the house No. 72 High Street, the ground floor front room of which was used as a hair-dresser's shop, that upon inspection he had found that the family consisted of husband, wife. |
c1e894af-182e-4d78-bb78-3e375977f853 | and five children, aged respectively, the girls, twelve, nine, seven, and four years, and a boy of five years. That the kitchen on the ground floor and the two rooms on the first floor were in an indescribably filthy condition, the windows broken, the walls and ceilings dirty and dilapidated, excremental and other filth being upon the walls, and what articles of furniture there were, the floors, and bedding; that the latter for the children consisted simply of sacks of rubbish—in all respects resembling stable manure; beneath the bedstead the enclosure was filled with straw, shavings, and other material, largely impregnated with filth ; that the parent's bedroom was in somewhat similar condition, the drains were blocked, and about a cartload of house refuse in the yard. He further stated the the N.S.P.C.C. were taking proceedings against 103 the parents, and that notice relating to the several matters was served upon the occupier, and eventually complied with. |
499a9ff3-a309-43ef-be4d-6b95904d9ec3 | Also that No. 6 Winifred Grove had been allowed to be occupied without the owner having first obtained the certificate required under Section 48 Public Health (London) Act, that the house was far from completion, without suitable doors or windows to several of the rooms, waterclosets, or sanitary conveniences. The occupier being a tailor named Dobkins, of 11, Broadhinton Road, Clapham, who had working with him, in the first floor front room, his wife, two men, a lad sixteen years of age, one woman, and a girl fourteen years of age—in all seven persons—in a cubic air space of 1,814 feet. Notice was immediately served upon the occupier of the room, and the number of workers therein reduced. The Committee subsequently directed proceedings to be taken against the builder, who was fined 10/- and 12/- costs. |
41777883-0266-47f2-b0c6-f991136ea03c | June 15th.—At this meeting, he reported relative to the alleged nuisance from black smoke being emitted from the shaft in connection with certain laundry works, that although the premises had been kept under constant observation during the period preceding the date of report, no serious nnisance had been observed, that he had inspected the premises, and found the fuel used was about ⅔ coke and ⅓ small coal, that the furnaces were fitted with special smoke preventing apparatus and force draughts, capable of preventing smoke within twentyeight seconds of their application to the fuel in the furnaces, and that the apparatus was entirely under the control of the stokers, whose fault it was should any nuisance be created. The Committee gave directions that the shaft should be kept under constant observation, and a further report submitted at its next meeting. |
f3fcb4b8-0a64-4b2a-b448-5334b8175447 | He also, pursuant to the instructions of the Committee, 104 submitted report with reference to the alleged offensive smells proceeding from the Vestry's Dust Destructor, Sheepcote Lane, that although the same had been kept under frequent observation, no nuisance had been discovered to arise therefrom, and further that no complaints had ever been received with reference to the shaft, that he had found, upon visiting the Destructor, that the refuse was being burnt as soon as received, and that no nuisance arising from the deposits could be discovered to exist. |
581b0c4c-1125-4802-8598-7e4c470eae1b | Also relative to the sorting and sifting of house refuse at Mill Pond Bridge Wharf, Nine Elms Lane, that it was found upon inspection that a large number of men and women were engaged in the same, from which some effluvia was given off, that he had found upon personally visiting the premises subsequently, that some ten women and six men were engaged sorting and sifting the refuse, in addition to which four men were employed in filling the barges, that there was about one barge load of soft core which was very offensive, and a similar quantity of hard core, not so offensive, upon the wharf. The manager was cautioned, and notice was served upon the proprietors to forthwith discontinue the sorting and sifting, and to remove the whole of the refuse deposited upon the wharf at least once in every twenty-four hours, and on the 12th inst. |
163bf99c-49c9-46e7-b56c-6a47e10f413b | it was found the refuse was being rapidly removed, and within three days the whole of the soft core had been removed, and nearly the whole of the hard core, and the sorting and sifting discontinued, the refuse being deposited in the barges as received. The nuisance appeared to be caused owing to the Bank Holiday, and that the work-people did not resume their work on the following day as expected, and that the barges could not be obtained as had been arranged. July 6th.—At this meeting the Chief Sanitary Inspector reported with reference to several complaints that had been 105 received relative to the non-supply of water by the Southwark and Vauxhall Water Company, principally affecting the district on the south side of Lavender Hill, and which was similarly affected during the preceding summer. The principal complaint appeared to be in connection with Grove Mansions, North Side, Clapham Common, which were without water for two whole days andparts of several others. |
de64aa86-1deb-4921-82ba-6ad0867c2942 | Enquiries were made at a number of premises principally in Plough Road, St. John's Hill Grove, Beauchamp Road, Leathwaite Road, and Grandison Road, where the houses are provided with suitable cisterns, and in many instances have in addition, draw off taps in the cellars, from which it was found that upon certain occasions no water could be obtained, thereby proving that not only was there no pressure in the Company's mains, but as a fact, the water must have been turned off. All the houses visited appeared to be provided with fittings for a constant supply of water, but in spite of this fact the Company had failed to give such constant supply, and the Committee directed that the Local Government Board and the London County Council should be communicated with upon the matter. Also with reference to 151A Usk Road, that there was no water closet accommodation for the use of the persons employed —namely, four men. |
ae0d2063-f0c2-44ae-815a-0543d2df493d | It was also found that urinal accommodation was necessary, in consequence of a portion of the premises being used, but not adapted, for this purpose. The Committee gave directions that suitable water closet accommodaton with pedestal seat should be provided. July 30th—.At this meeting he reported with reference to the alleged offensive condition of the Creek at Messrs. Price's 106 premises, York Road, that after the Creek Pumping Station had been working for the purpose of passing storm water into the river from the Creek and main low level sewers, a considerable amount of sewage matter which necessarily passed out with such storm water, became largely mixed with the mud, &c. at the bottom of the Creek, and caused the same to become offensive. |
c61dfccc-8f05-4d29-8429-60db862be982 | That no great nuisance was created when the pumping takes place at low water, but that when the tide was sufficiently high to give three or more feet depth of water in the Creek, the material pumped out did not find its way rapidly into the river, and consequently was deposited as already stated, at the bottom of the Creek, and that he had upon making a subsequent examination, found the mud was of an offensive character, and largely charged with gases which were being constantly disengaged. The length of the Creek to the River wall is about 48o feet, and from the river wall to low water mark about 120 feet The greatest width of the Creek is about 36 feet, and the least width about 25 feet. The top end is not concreted nor paved in any way, and is worse than any portion of the river bank in the parish. |
c3202f32-128d-4404-a357-a47442e226a4 | He recommended that the storm overflow should have a covered culvert laid down through the Creek, and discharge into the river at low water mark, or that the bottom of the Creek should be concreted and suitably sloped as to be thoroughly scoured during the ebb of the tide. He also reported, pursuant to the directions of the Committee, relative to the nuisance alleged to arise from the emission of black smoke from certain laundry premises, and which had been kept under constant observation for the previous five weeks. That although a matter of about 100 hours had been spent in observing the shaft in question, black smoke was found to be emitted only upon three occasions, for one, three and four minutes respectively, and that there was not sufficient 107 evidence, having regard to the opinion of the Solicitor on the matter, to justify proceedings being taken against the proprietors. |
bd915622-e055-41c2-8351-d20b0801f756 | Also that upon testing the drains of "G" and "H" Blocks, Victoria Dwellings, they were found to be in defective condition, and that most of the w.c.'s were trapless valve closets, in many instances the valves being defective, allowing the water to escape. They discharged into soil pipes which are trapped at the foot. Some of the closets had from time to time been removed, and pans of the wash-down type fixed, with traps above the floor line, without any regard to the liability to syphonage by providing suitable antisyphonage pipes. That upon the water closet handles being raised, it was found that most offensive effluvia were given off, that the water closets were badly supplied with water, and the soil pipes were of lead with soldered seams and situated within the building. The Committee gave the necessary directions for the matter to be brought before the notice of the owners with a view to an entire reconstruction taking place. |
8ea43e79-bbf1-4100-ba0b-fa9ca59fea03 | This was subsequently carried out, and necessitated the relaying of the branch drains and certain portions of the main drain, with suitable means of inspection, abolishing the dip-stone trap arrangements in connection with the old intercepting chambers in the courtyard, the provision of suitable self-cleansing interceptors and air inlets, and further new water closets and soil-pipes, about 40 in number to the blocks of buildings in question. September 14th.—At this meeting he reported having received information from the Coroner's officer, that on the afternoon of the 2nd September an inquest would be held upon the bodies of two persons who had died at No. 86 Longhedge Street; that the rooms occupied by the family were in dirty condition, and it had been suggested he should attend the inquest. |
8cb9e8d7-6a86-4a1f-ae25-b602e33c5c3d | That he had visited the premises in question and 108 found that upon the first floor, the rooms occupied by the family named were in a cleanly condition, but that the bedding used by the family was dirty and verminous, that the occupier had agreed to the rooms being disinfected, and portions of the bedding destroyed, which was subsequently carried out. Further that he had inspected the following workshops laundries, etc.: At 19 Bridge Road West, the flooring of passages used as ironing places were in dangerous condition, and there was want of proper ventilation to the water closet in basement. The washhouse was overcrowded, seven persons being employed in a cubic space of 970 feet. At 74 Bridge Road West, it was found that the floor of front ironing-room and washhouse were dangerous, but that the workrooms were in other respects in good condition. At 12 Straithblaine Road, two rooms on the second floor were occupied by a tailor employing 4 men and 2 women. |
f93399bf-eb91-40fc-b4e5-02399d008cf7 | The work-rooms were in cleanly condition and well ventilated. At 84 Queen's Road, no overcrowding existed, but it had been the practice at times to engage additional hands in the same workroom, and under these circumstances it would be overcrowded. The proprietor agreed to discontinue the practice or to utilise another room for the purpose. Also with reference to the sanitary conveniences provided in connection with the London and South Western Railway Co.'s platform, Clapham Junction, and also those of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway Co. The sanitary conveniences of the latter are situated upon 109 Nos. 8 and 9 platforms, and were all found to be in good and cleanly condition upon the date of inspection. The water closets being of the wash-down type, provided with water waste preventers, and the urinals suitably supplied with water. The conveniences of the London and South Western Railway Co. are situated upon platforms Nos. |
f7ad0eeb-0d70-4c8b-8674-c9c1e5377820 | 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and in most instances consisted of foul container closets, inadequately supplied with water. The urinals were found in most instances to be cleanly and properly supplied with water. The Committee gave directions that the London and South Western Railway Co. should be approached with a view to abolishing the whole of the water closets in question, and provide those of a wash-down type, with suitable syphonic action flushing cisterns. |
2019c6b7-1a94-446d-b92e-b9fcb2568e01 | After some correspondence had taken place as to the power of the Vestry to require these works to be carried out, the Company provided new water closets, &c. Also with reference to a complaint that had been made as to the manufacture of ice cream at certain premises in the Winstanley Road, which were deemed unfit for the purpose, that a careful examination of the freezers and other vessels used in connection with the business had been made, and the same were found to be in cleanly condition, that from delivery notes and bills the milk and ice were found to be supplied by respectable firms. |
57a10418-067f-4692-a7e7-96fcb1bb6ad6 | The premises in which the manufacture of the ices was carried on, were not in such cleanly condition as is desirable where the manufacture of food or drink is conducted, and he suggested that the attention of the London County Council and Local Government Board should be drawn to the necessity of stringent regulations being made in this and similar matters, as he was not aware that the Vestry had any powers to prohibit the manufacture of these articles upon the premises which were the subject of the report. 110 These Bodies were accordingly communicated with upon the matter. October 5th.—At this meeting, he reported that at a certain house in Livingstone Road, two rooms were in an over-crowded condition, in addition to which a number of cats were kept therein. That the premises first came under notice in April, 1896, when complaint was made that numerous cats were being kept in the basement rooms. |
3a98f6e2-1e08-4edd-a7e3-21aed247c5e4 | Upon inspection at that time, it was found the occupier had some 6 cats upon the premises, in consequence of which notice was served, and in due course the cats were reduced to two in number. That from time to time the premises had been visited since this, and on the 14th August, having received complaint that there were some 12 cats, one dog, three single men lodgers, a mother and daughter in two rooms, he had visited the premises and found the actual occupants were three persons, comprising mother, daughter and a nephew, and also two cats and one dog. That upon visiting the premises on the 24th September, it was found that both rooms were still used for sleeping purposes, and occupied by the same persons who had occupied them upon the previous occasions, excepting that there were no dogs. The rooms were found to be in cleanly condition, and have been occupied by the same person for the past ten years, and there was not the slightest foundation for the statement which had been made concerning the premises. |
2f43ac36-0b57-45ec-bd8b-a59bf6afb32f | He also, as directed by the Committee, submitted a report relative to the noises, &c., in the A 1 Biscuit Co's. Works, Queens Road, and also as to the Sanitary conditions there. The Committee gave directions that the necessary notice should be served with regard to certain matters, and this was subsequently complied with. He also submitted report relative to a complaint of offensive effluvia proceeding from the works of the Military Equipmen Co., Queens Road, that upon inspection of the same it was found 111 that the nuisance arose from the roasting of barley and coffee, principally the first mentioned, which is carried on in a revolving drum fixed obliquely, the bottom of which is perforated. Barley is placed in the drum at about three bushels at a time, and naked gas jets are applied thereto, the barley being burnt almost to a cinder. |
17ff11b6-285a-4327-bf99-0aa1b5f9c700 | When sufficiently charred it is removed on to the concrete floor of the building, from which volumes of smoke of a pungent character are given out, and as the building in which the manufacture is conducted was not provided with suitable openings for ventilation, the fumes and smoke given off escaped through the broken windows of the building. That it was necessary for the workmen in charge of the roasting to wear suitable protectors over the eyes and nose, and if the roasting was to be continued the building should be adapted for the purpose by suitable shafts being provided in order that the products of combustion may be given off in a proper manner outside the building. Certain defects were found in the Sanitary arrangements, and the Committee directed that notices should be served, which were subsequently complied with, the roasting of barley being discontinued. Also with reference to an inspection of Messrs. |
d903d208-feae-4fbc-b299-e9a96e0b2e9a | Auborn & Heaviside's Works, John Street, York Road, at which premises some seven men and twenty-nine females were employed, that the sanitary conveniences and the work-rooms were in good condition and properly ventilated, except that the walls and ceiling of the boiling room required lime-whiting. The Committee gave directions that notices should be served, and the necessary works were eventually carried out to comply with the same. He also submitted report relative to the complaints which had been made alleging offensive smells to arise from certain chemical works, and which were believed to proceed from the manufacture of Cyanide of Potassium, that upon inspection of 112 the premises on the 21st September, and whilst the process of manufacture was stated to be in full operation, no nuisance could be observed. That on the 23rd September, in company with the District Inspector, he had kept observation of the premises from 7.30 in the evening, until 1.45 the next morning. |
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