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da1b7125-55f8-4650-aade-27ee8d94e643
The Registrar General estimates the population at the end of June, 1929, to be 65,200, an increase of 330 on the estimated population of 1928. As the Census will be due before the issue of the next Annual Report, it is unnecessary to enter further into the question of the correctness or otherwise of the different estim...
8144f215-6019-4803-bb40-5631e2b268d2
The amount distributed in out-relief remains fairly constant each year, but the amount given to unemployed persons has fallen from over £15,000 in 1922 to nothing in the last two years. There have been changes of administration to account for most of this reduction, but in recent years the amount of unemployment has be...
a895da4f-f51b-43df-9a19-3e2dfece7f78
Last year the ambulance was called out to 485 street accidents, and on 457 occasions to private cases. Fees amounting to 3s. Od. were paid for the use of the ambulance for private cases. HOSPITAL PROVISION General.—The only general hospital in the district is the Acton Hospital, Gunnersbury Lane, which has an accommoda...
5508fd3b-f223-4d13-a312-b0ba46bde161
Fever.—Acton Council Fever Hospital—80 beds. Small-Pox.—Acton was one of the constituent bodies which formed the Middlesex Joint Small-Pox Board. Under the Provisional Orders Confirmation Act of 1929, the Joint Board was dissolved from the 1st April, 1929, and the duties of the Board transferred to the Middlesex County...
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E very Tuesday afternoon at 2 p.m. Ante-Natal Consultation Centre.—School Clinic every 2nd and 4th Wednesday. Day Nursery. 169 Bollo Bridge Road. 1929 7 School Clinic.—Adjoining- Municipal Offices The above are provided and maintained by the Borough Council. Tuberculosis Dispensary.—School Clinic on Tuesdays at 5 p.m. ...
ab70ec6b-b028-4752-a3d9-bedbf26f2cd1
All the inhabited houses are provided with water closets and are drained into the main sewerage system. The house refuse is collected by the Council and burnt in the Destructor. Last year 18,008 tons of house refuse were collected and burnt. PROFESSIONAL NURSING IN THE HOME General.—There are two district nurses employ...
4dc99981-aa27-4af4-bade-87780f16d6f2
LEGISLATION IN FORCE Adopted Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act, 1889 Public Health (Amendment) Act, 1890 Infectious Diseases Prevention Act, 1890 Notification of Births Act, 1907 Public Health Act, 1907 (Clause 50) Public Health Act, 1925 (Parts 2, 3, 4 & 5) The Acton Improvement Act, 1904 1889 1890 1899 1907 1921...
a8a4c768-ba45-456d-9c8b-7201ae8c82f1
Offensive Trades Tents, Vans and Sheds Removal of Offensive or Noxious Matters Houses Let in Lodgings Cleansing of Cisterns Employment of Children Fouling of Footpaths by Dogs Smoke Abatement 1925 1899 1898 1924 1924 1903 1906 1908 1925 1912 1920 1929 1930 HOUSING I have in previous reports referred to different aspect...
d2fb6196-729f-42fc-8a6a-722b3fbd4d52
Owing to the industrialisation of the district we shall always be short of houses. But overcrowding occurs quite as frequently amongst those who live in the district and who work outside as amongst those who are both living and employed in the district. The basic cause of overcrowding is the inability to pay anything l...
b4f7d032-24d5-4003-ad91-08b0a0a07a0d
Landlords frequently look upon a large family as a feckless one and think that the condition of the house will suffer in direct ratio to the size of the family. We sometimes come across a family, which because of its size cannot find better accommodation although a higher rent could be paid, but these are rare exceptio...
b078f0bd-2ef5-412a-aa88-7a2b0151feac
When these conditions are found, in every instance, the cause is an economic one. On another page, an instance is given of this kind of overcrowding and this is not an isolated case. TABULAR STATEMENT OF INSPECTIONS 8C DETAIL OF WORK CARRIED OUT BY THE SANITARY INSPECTORS. Number of Inspections and Action Taken. Total ...
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117 Reinspections subsequent to service of Notice Enquiry visits on notification of Infectious Disease 1007 878 6934 362 Number of Premises under Periodical Inspection. Workshops and Workplaces 144 Bakehouses 29 Slaughterhouses 2 Public Health Urinals 37 Common Lodging Houses 1 Houses-let-in-lodgings 30 Butchers Shops ...
c5e02ed0-3b94-4fed-8dbb-f337075c005e
Sanitary Dustbins provided 663 Yards paved or yard paving repaired 170 Insanitary forecourts remedied 26 Defective drains repaired or reconstructed 51 Defective soil pipes and ventilating shafts repaired or renewed 88 Defective fresh air inlets repaired or renewed 65 Defective gullies removed and replaced by new 57 Rai...
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seats repaired or new fixed 127 Defective flush pipe connections repaired 133 Insanitary sinks removed or new fixed 71 Sink waste pipes repaired or trapped 205 Insanitary wall surface over sinks remedied 124 Ventilated food cupboards provided 2 Drinking water cisterns cleansed 207 Defective covers to drinking water cis...
06aa8005-e590-4506-9789-4535e325d2c0
remedied 927 Defective plastering repaired (number of rooms) 583 Rooms where dirty walls and ceilings have been cleansed and redecorated 3592 Defective floors repaired 151 Defective or dangerous stairs repaired 28 11 1929 Defective doors and windows repaired 236 Defective kitchen ranges and fire grates repaired 241 Def...
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There are at present no cowsheds in the Borough and all the milk is produced outside the district. The number of milk retailers in the district is exactly the same as that registered in 1928, but during the year the Health Committee revised its methods of procedure in respect of the conditions under which registration ...
7b54abf9-48c8-4e68-91d2-a6ffccc1cd16
The occupiers of the other eleven premises discontinued the sale of paraffin and continued on the register. The Council has discountenanced the sale of milk on premises where other articles which create dust are also sold. Although milk is in itself an outstanding food, it is easily contaminated and may become a vehicl...
6e2ed672-5327-4297-9b9d-4bdfa2c81ecd
But the conditions have entirely changed in the last 10 years. For years public health authorities have been urgent in their demands for a pure milk supply, and they are still asking for many improvements, but it is no exaggeration to state that the methods of production and distribution of milk have in recent years pr...
2480df73-d17c-4943-bbcd-0959de397bdb
Whatever the causes, changes have taken place and the old taunt that milk was undiluted sewage no longer applies. The improvement has taken place in all directions, from the udder of the cow to the feeding bottle and milk jug. The changes with which we are more directly concerned are those in the methods of storage and...
fa886175-b0cf-469a-a91c-7d122d0a4b01
Most of the milk to the houses is delivered in sealed bottles, and in the shops a large quantity of milk is sold in sealed bottles. In some milk shops, milk is still being sold out of a china receptacle. The distribution in bottles is a great advance on the old method, but it is not ideal, and some of its disadvantages...
4e137845-55db-49d9-9a0e-b9c69507b6fd
It may be objected that this may mean a further hold of the large wholesalers and trusts upon the milk supply. This is true, but almost every development in milk distribution gives a stronger hold to the big concerns. The small retailer cannot hope to have milk conveyed in large glass-lined tanks, except through the la...
dbde225d-f0ac-4507-92b6-ddfd4907be21
It is then formed into a cone, filled with milk and hermetically sealed to prevent leakage or contamination. Once the seal has been applied no dirt can reach the milk inside nor can the milk escape. Only by cutting the container can the milk be removed. This makes it impossible to adulterate the milk, or to tamper with...
b082e8be-be23-40c3-b6ad-303545274511
MEAT INSPECTION There are two slaughter-houses in the borough; in one of 14 these, pigs alone are slaughtered, and in the other no pigs are slaughtered. The inspection of the carcases in these two slaughter houses takes up a considerable amount of the time of the officers of the Council as a perusal of the following ta...
f914e49a-6b3c-4e71-80f7-a5050cac1785
46 .sets Cows' Lungs with 1 Top Piece of Beef. l. Hearts. 4 Rumps of Beef. 41 Ox Heads and Tongues. 6 Loins of Beef. 42 Ox Livers. 2 Flanks of Beef. 5 Ox Mesenteries. 2 Middle Ribs of Beef. 1 Ox Tripe. 4 Briskets of Beef. 5 Calves' Heads. 257 lbs. of Beef. 54 Calves' Plucks. 2 Hindquarters of Veal. 1 Calf's Liver. 1 Hi...
0719b86b-9e3c-44d3-8245-e11b7afa7434
Pleurisy. Bovines. 1 Forequarter of Veal. 2 sets Calves' Lungs. 9 Breasts of Veal. 13 sets Ox Lungs II Calves' Plucks. Hearts. 6 sets Calves' Lungs with Hearts. Sheep. 5 Forequarters of Mutton. 14 Sheeps' Plucks. 14 Breasts of Mutton. with 15 1929 Bruising. Pigs. 1 Hindquarter of Pork. 4 Legs of Pork. 2 Loins of Pork. ...
0b2acd47-8dab-436f-bc39-3ab68ea44f2c
1 Hindquarter of Veal. Sheep. 1 Hindquarter of Lamb. 1 Leg of Mutton. Arthritis. Bovines. 2 Shoulders of Veal. 2 Knuckles of Veal. 2 Legs of Veal. Sheep. 1 Hindquarter and Flap of Mutton. 1 Leg of Mutton. Congestion. Pigs. 1 Carcase with Head. Bovines. 2 Ox Offals. 1 Calf's Liver. 2 Calves' Plucks. 2 sets Calves' Lungs...
65f269fc-fd32-4c08-bb0c-055b18732424
5 Carcases with Offal. A bscesses. Pigs. 1 Short Hindquarter of Pork. 16 1929 Bovines. 5 Calves' Plucks. 2 Calves' Heads. 23 Calves' Livers. Sheep. 2 Sheeps' Heads. Actinomycosis. Bovines. 20 Ox Heads and Tongues. 3 Calves' Heads. Pneumonia. Bovines. 2 sets Calves' Lungs. 1 set Stirk's Lung's. Fractured. Sheep. 3 Ribs ...
2be326d7-2743-40fc-b43c-c15adc58c4b5
Hydro-Nephrosis. 2 Stirks' Kidneys. 2 Calves' Kidneys. Cavernous A ngioma. 6 Ox Livers. Pericarditis. 2 Ox Hearts. Aden itis. 5 Calves Livers. Melanosis. 1 Calf's Pluck. Died : Traumatic Pericarditis and Extensive Bruising'. 1 Cow's Carcase with Offal. 1 9 2 9 17 Pseudo Hodgkins Disease. 1 Calf's Carcase with Offal. Py...
01e4b7c9-c77e-4265-9458-1d5d07651e66
1 Calfs Liver Pleurisy and Dropsy. Sheep. 1 Sheep's Carcase with Offal. Caseous Lymphadenitis 1 Hindquarter of Lamb- Unsound. Pigs. 1 Carcase with Head. Utlicaria. 1 Head. Other Foods. Unsound. 15 Turkeys. 12 stones of Dogfish 3 tins of Prawns. 18 stones of Catfish Parasites. 1 Ostend Rabbit. 18 1929 TABLE II. NUMBER O...
83182a43-36a2-4f78-8d93-cd72c1650638
of Fore Quarters Diseased. No. of Hind Quarters Diseased. No. of Lags Diseased. No. of Shoulders Diseased. Plucks (Lungs, Livers and Hearts). Mesenteries, Stomachs and Intestines. Pieces of Pork. Weights. lbs lbs. tons cwts qrs. lbs. January 1716 21 1 — — — 1 — 19 304 128 4 3 14 February 1162 14 1 — — — 3 — 11 168 — 6 ...
d14528be-9fd2-4440-82dd-9e686b9cc798
352 2 - - - - - - 4 120 *— 1 0 12 July 759 3 1 — — — 1 — 10 208 20 2 0 12 August 724 7 — — 2 — 1 — 8 112 30 1 1 4 September _ 930 4 1 — - 3 — - 7 152 45 7 1 21 October 1966 12 - — — 2 — — 12 296 22 Dust Destructor November 1716 14 4 — — — — — 8 176 136 14 1 9 December 1693 7 3 — — — — — 12 216 — 10 0 27 Total 14,996 10...
37ac8720-a038-41a8-a093-8ff4380f3f79
Counties from which animals were consigned, and percentage diseased (1st Jan.—31st Dec. 1929). County No. of Towns from which Animals were consigned No. of Carcases Inspected No. of Animals Diseased Percentage of Animals Diseased Berkshire 3 28 - - Bedfordshire 2 50 - - Buckinghamshire 1 3 - - Cambridgeshire 7 950 14 1...
a2395a19-75bb-4a02-961a-67d1fc79afc7
0 % London 1 15 - - Middlesex 12 299 3 1.0% Norfolk 18 3066 31 1.03 % Nottinghamshire 1 51 — - Somerset 8 1063 15 1.41% Staffordshire 1 19 .1 5.21% Suffolk 21 4756 29 .61% Surrey 2 11 — - Sussex 2 210 1 .47% Warwickshire 1 109 2 1.81% Wiltshire 2 33 — — Total 121 14,996 .134 1.61 % BIRTHS. Table VII. gives particulars ...
1d68d137-1cdb-474d-bd95-7b1d849ce681
This number is 1026, and the figure is obtained at the end of the year from the Registrar General, and is equal to a birth-rate of 15.77 per 1000 inhabitants. This rate is slightly higher than that of 1928, but lower than that of England and Wales and of the 107 great towns, of which Acton is one. The birth-rate is exa...
8e7469e3-3597-4e2b-83ae-2d56f11a2296
It is probable, though, that there is a relatively larger number of newly married couples in the North East and North West Wards than in the South East and South West Wards, and the birthrate in the two former wards is not comparable to that of the two latter wards. The birth-rate in the South West Ward is relatively a...
5d1c383e-08e6-4b15-853e-8f3fe5688bbc
540 deaths were registered in the district; of these 21 were of non-residents. 307 deaths of residents occurred outside the district. The total number of deaths belonging to the district is 826, which corresponds to a death-rate of 12.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. The death-rate is nearly 2 per 1,000 higher than that of 192...
f6ee71ea-b68a-4c17-a750-3694c2dc4cd0
There were 94 deaths from Bronchitis and 56 from Pneunomia. Although only 38 deaths were 21 1929 registered as due to Influenza, yet a large number of the deaths from Bronchitis and Pneumonia were directly or indirectly caused by the Influenza epidemic which occurred in the spring of the year. It has been explained in ...
808a2dcd-ede1-41d5-abb7-8c64786c2e81
Throughout the months of November and December, 1928, the Registrar General's returns gave no cause to anticipate the advent of a severe epidemic of Influenza. It will be remembered that in the Annual report of 1928, I remarked upon the favourable statistics for the fourth quarter and especially the very low infantile ...
61de8270-e1b6-4edc-9881-60930f27c4f5
These beliefs have died nard, and there are still to-day observers who maintain that the occurrence of widespread and mysterious flutcuations in susceptibility furnish and adequate explanation for the rise of pandemics. Modern students of Influenza, however, regard Influenza as a typical infectious disease due to a liv...
18af9019-930d-4f55-86df-44ab42e59472
It cannot be said that the epidemic took the authorities unawares. The disquieting news from America made it desirable for the Ministry of Health to draw the attention of local sanitary 1929 22 authorities to the possibility of an outbreak of more than usual magnitude. This was done in the first week of January by the ...
9dcca0db-b072-4f50-82ad-58b77141b0f5
It was felt by the doctors that the services of domestic helps would in the majority of instances be more useful than those of a nurse, and arrangements were made with three very suitable persons to carry out this part of the work. Arrangements were also made with the Education Committee for the supply of meals from th...
b64480ff-bcb3-45a9-acc0-9517033f20f1
Fortunately the epidemic was not so severe or so extensive here as it was in certain other areas. The services of the nurse and of the domestic helps were utilised, but the other emergencies did did not arise. It is possible that these measures may have alleviated some of the suffering, but in the field of prevention l...
c71e083b-c628-46ec-bf13-b0c5121757e4
The advice contained in the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Ministry of Health 1929 23 may be reproduced. When Influenza is epidemic, the public should obey the ordinary rules of hygiene. The work of the world must be carried on and workers cannot always avoid crowds or association with those suffering from ...
47f85742-9b9b-4ea8-860d-d3245879b516
Cancer.—There is a slight increase in the number of deaths from cancer, and in two successive years the number of deaths in each year has exceeded a hundred. It is known that in most civilised countries, the crude recorded cancer mortality is rising. At the present time it is highest in some of the smaller European cou...
762551a3-dd6d-4050-99ed-deb0f09f5853
No comparative statistics of cancer are therefore of value, which do not eliminate differences of age composition of the populations by giving specific death-rates at the different age periods. At the last census the age constitution of the population of Acton differed considerably from that of the previous one and the...
c97b2e47-c726-494c-a95e-fb03c54669fd
The improved methods of diagnosis 1929 24 probably account for some of the apparent increase. The principal organs affected were— Stomach 22 Pancreas 6 Bowels 18 Bladder 6 Breast 10 Prostate 5 Uterus and Ovary 8 Aesophagus 4 The increase has been most marked in the organs of the digestive track and of course it has bee...
0932ad5f-52b8-45f3-beb1-c15bfa4fb94c
The rays emitted are of three kinds, and the short penetrative Y rays have little or no therapeutic value and produce harmful effects. The exact mechanism of the action of radium on the body-tissues at present remains unrevealed, and it still remains true that early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are the impor...
1582d978-5f36-4bd8-b4c8-a92a05e1f5e7
For practically all other regions sufficient experience has not yet been accummulated to show that similar effects can be secured though it is reasonable to assume that with advances in knowledge such results may become practicable. Uncertified Deaths. Last year there were two deaths which had not been certified either...
94e3bb43-fb9c-47ac-9d4a-7be0fa2ede6f
The total number of Scarlet Fever cases notified was slightly less last year than that of 1928,-—235 in 1929 compared with 243 in 1928. There was one death from the disease, and this death was complicated by other conditions. In 1928 there was no death. These figures suggest the mild character of the disease, and this ...
26f5b25e-7d6e-4694-b009-45e061251c14
Are these distinct species and are there many different Scarlet Fevers? Clinically, of course, we have different types of Scarlet Fever. From the same neighbourhood and even from the same house, we frequently have the disease in varying degrees of virulence, and this does not suggest that there is any true corresponden...
55e44519-e1f5-4f3b-bf02-4392650cc772
There was only one case admitted to the Hospital last year in which a history of a previous attack was given, and only one case in which the patient suffered from a second attack whilst in hospital. A patient was admitted with a definite rash, a sore throat and a typical tongue. He peeled in the usual way, but in the f...
61f205ed-5dac-4731-8189-c6edd069a1d7
It is impossible to separate Scarlet Fever from some forms of Puerperal Fever, Erysipelas and Septicemia, either bacteriologically or epidemicologically. There are varieties of uterine infection which are in many respects identical with some cases of Scarlet Fever, though all uterine streptococcal infections are not si...
fe4592a4-ef41-44b7-aeb8-5f348b525239
Many of the older medical practitioners were chary of attending cases of Scarlet Fever if they expected to be called to a confinement case, and their reluctance can be explained by the newer findings of bacteriology. They did not have the benefit of the present day bacteriological research, but their experience taught ...
7d9e7acd-db43-4317-ba64-13aade027d76
What is the association of Scarlet Fever with non-specific sore throat which we constantly see and note ? Does the streptococcus mutate with sufficient rapidity to cause Scarlet Fever in one host, indefinite sore throat only in a second, and Scarlet Fever again in a third? Whatever views we may hold as to the cause of ...
ebec060e-190b-4013-aa69-1f5942b2fe34
In the second case the mother of the boy as expecting to be confined very shortly, and he was also taken into the hospital. He also peeled but not profusely, and if peeling were not looked for it might easily be overlooked It would simplify matters if a specific germ were isolated as the invariable cause of Scarlet Fev...
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Because the numbers which Scarlet Fever at the present time kills or damages are negligible, we have epidemiologists who argue that it makes very little difference how Scarlet Fever is treated; whether it be treated as a dangerous infectious disease with segregation in hospital, control of contacts and clinical treatme...
ba3dff42-c67d-4a2a-ac5a-4c4dfa3b5a2c
Under the present social conditions, there is no option to the provision of special hospitals. Possibly segregation of the cases, on account of the difficulties above enumerated and others which have been pointed out in other reports, will not prevent the spread of the disease, but it remains the only practical method ...
662a8d8c-a28d-4066-82a6-08ac260e1521
73 cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 12 cases of other forms of Tuberculosis were notified during the year. There were 52 deaths from Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 7 deaths from other forms of Tuberculosis. The death-notification interval of the 52 patients who died of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 1929 was— Information fro...
51f1e933-6e92-4165-9fa4-776ba70ec45e
The other cases in which information was derived from the death returns were outside cases, and in some of them there was a reasonable excuse. One was found dead on a railway line, and a post-mortem examination revealed the condition. Another had only been recently admitted to a general hospital and a post-mortem exami...
85abd14c-5a78-4920-8cb0-75a96565e2bb
Notification has been in force sufficiently long to have brought about an appreciation on the part of the public of the object and value of notification. The public know that there is a Tuberculosis Scheme, but only in a vague sort of way; they do not know the details; in what way the scheme deals with diagnosis, treat...
aedf34e7-d77d-486b-8702-1752fcb3a25a
Housing accommodation is not sufficient to meet the demand, and even if there were sufficient accommodation, economic conditions are such that the sufferers are not in a position to pay the rent. In some cases there is actual legal overcrowding in the families of those who suffer from Consumption. For instance, the mot...
995bff42-d355-4615-9b98-af717d20869b
If he had to rent a decontrolled flat of such a size as to allow his wife a separate room, the rent would be at least 25s. per week. But with a family of 5, and especially with a consumptive wife, he would find it extremely difficult to obtain a flat or house at a reasonable rent. The case also illustrates the harmful ...
189b8c09-877d-4e71-8936-0fb842a6c163
109 106 215 25 16 41 256 Number of Cases notified for the first time during the 4th Quarter. 8 7 15-1 1 16 Number of Cases removed from the Register during the 4th Quarter. 17 8 1-1 9 Number of Cases remaining on the Register at the end of the 4th Quarter. 116 106 222 24 17 41 263 During the year the Tuberculosis Offic...
ec544527-f935-459c-b355-c8b33201bfd8
During the year, the Tuberculosis Officer examined 56 new cases of pulmonary Tuberculosis and 6 new cases of non-pulmonary Tuberculosis. 37 patients were admitted to Sanatoria under the County Scheme and 26 were admitted to Hospitals. Ccrebro-Spinal Fever. 6 cases of Cerebro-Spinal Fever occurred and there were 5 death...
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The Meningo-coccus was isolated from the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid by Dr. Braxton Hicks. This was the only examination made of the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid; a specimen was not sent to Dr. Teale of the University College Hospital. (Dr. Braxton Hicks is the pathologist and bacteriologist to 31 1929 the Acton General Hospital. Dr....
65749e49-d33d-41a6-92c7-a18e7b1bfbde
Death 29.7.1929. She was taken ill on Wednesday July 24th. She was seen in her home on that date by a doctor and admitted to the Acton General Hospital on July 26th. She died on July 29th. The Meningo-coccus was isolated from the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid by Dr. Braxton Hicks on July 26th. The specimen sent to Dr. Teale on ...
232ed38f-2f9e-4e93-a796-43c2040f709b
She was attended by a doctor on August 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, and was admitted to the Acton General Hospital on August 4th. Dr. Woodwark, one of the physicians of the Royal Waterloo Hospital for Women and Children, saw the child as a consultant and offered to admit her to the Royal Waterloo Hospital. The offer was acce...
4c0bba23-b307-43ae-a430-d81f7940a579
Teale on August 27th and the Meningo-coccus was found. On August 30th the home contacts were swabbed and found negative. Two other cases have also been mentioned in the newspapers, and though the illness in these was not caused by the Meningo-coccus, I am including a short account of these cases. S.C. age 17 years. Att...
cc7a28ce-24e3-4faa-9851-78533ac60d43
I have seen the doctor and he informs me that there were no symptoms of Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis. The second case was that of C.M.D age 11 years, attending Southfield Road School. She attended the 2nd Class Acton Baths on July 12th. On July 13th she was feverish, shivering and slightly delirious during the day. She wa...
df31f1bd-d660-4574-b8ad-8831d5911832
Contact with each other—The four persons live at some distance from each other, and there does not seem to have been any contact between any of them. It was at first thought that there might have been contact between F.K. and J.M. but as the result of the publication of the particulars in the Newspapers, Mrs. K. told m...
73484017-1d47-4378-85f3-072adfda0a70
Braxton Hicks and not examined by Dr. Teale. J.M. Meningo-coccus found by Dr. Braxton Hicks, not found by Dr. Teale. C.W. Meningo-coccus found by Dr. Braxton Hicks, and the Bacteriologist of the Royal Waterloo Hospital; not found by by Dr. Teale. M.L. Meningo-coccus found by Dr. Braxton Hicks and by Dr. Teale. Previous...
a335967b-e543-4c11-921b-565aea2d55f7
At first the only contacts which we could swab were the home contacts. When the schools were 1929 33 opened after the holidays, the immediate school contacts were examined and swabbed. All the swabs proved negative, but in several there had been a history of naso-pharyngeal catarrh. Some of these were swabbed a second ...
fd57c5e8-b379-45f9-8aee-05bc91a691d9
J. did not attend with the School class. The girls were not in the baths at the same time on Monday. C.W. attended the baths on July 22nd with the School class from the Priory School and she was also in the baths on July 26th. The water in the baths is obtained from a deep well, 500 feet deep. The well water on every o...
426a8c30-a4d1-460b-87ba-68976996247c
This cemetery is situated about 100 yards to the north-west of the well. The chemical analyses and the above bacteriological analysis would be sufficient to disprove any such possibility. But the conformation and character of the ground would also make such a contingency not only remote but impossible. The well is sunk...
442139e0-441d-4845-8199-172555184d6b
6 ins. Mottled Clay 49 ft. 254 ft. Start of 8 in. rising main. 1929 34 260 ft. 6 ins. Black Pebbles 4 ft. 6 ins. 267 ft. 6 ins. Thanet Sands 13 ft. 274 ft. Suction Point. 280 ft. 6 ins. Green Sand 2 ft. 282 ft. 6 ins. Green Flints 6 ins. 283 ft. Chalk 217 ft. 289 ft. Start of 12 in. casing. 500 ft. - Bottom of bore hol...
c6f85dd3-d4f7-438a-b308-4d0751d64efc
The attendances at the 2nd class baths in and around July 20th were as follows :— July 18th 653 July 19th 621 July 20th 581 July 21st 43 Sunday July 22nd 576 The water was changed on the night between July 19th and July 20th, and again on the night of July 22nd. Although the attendances on Saturday July 20th and Monday...
122059d7-de4e-4ee8-bdcb-cbba729da044
She also attended the baths on July 26th and the attendances around that date were as follows:— July 25th 393 July 26th 324 July 27th 357 The water was changed before the baths were opened on July 25th and on the night of July 26th. Before we consider any further relation of the baths to these cases of Meningitis it ma...
dfd4c047-e1df-4da6-98df-703766ad63fb
The mortality from this cause in England and Wales first distinguished in 1911, varied only between 9 and 11 per million I929 35 living during 1911 to 1914, and then suddenly increased to 45 in 1915. After that it gradually fell to 7 in 1923, and has been between 7 and 11 in 1928 and 1927, so that the level of 15 years...
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There were extensive outbreaks in Glasgow and Belfast in 1907. During the European war a large increase occurred not only among the troops but also among civilians. Some authorities were of opinion that the disease was introduced from Canada, or at any rate, that a virulent strain was imported. The disease is compulsor...
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The ages of the persons who died from the disease last year was as follows :— Under Over 1 1—2 2—5 5—15 15—25 25—45 45—65 65 year. years, years, years. years. years. years, years. 140 54 52 78 52 37 22 3 From the death returns it appears that the disease is slightly more prevalent amongst males than females. The number...
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The germ is not very tenacious, in fact, it is a very delicate organism, very easily killed by heat or cold. Cultures die readily, and sub-cultures are necessary every few days if the specimens are to be kept. It will 1929 36 not grow on any media at temperatures under 25° Centigrade (about 77° Fahrenheit): it dies at ...
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If the swabs were taken to the laboratory and transferred in the ordinary way, the drying and cooling would be sufficient to kill the germ and no growth would result. The germ is found in the cerebro-spinal fluid and brain coverings of persons suffering from the disease, but only occasionally from the secretions of the...
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The germ is very frequently found in the nose and throat of "carriers," that is, persons who harbour the germs, but who are suffering from no symptoms. There is evidence to the effect that meningococci are to be found in the nasopharynx of persons living in areas in which there has been no outbreak or epidemic of cereb...
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It is only when the organisms gain entrance to the brain cavity that symptoms of meningitis occur. It is not known what the conditions are which determine the migration of the organisms from the naso-pharynx into the brain cavity. It is surmised that some changes occur in the mucous membrane which enable the organisms ...
ff648bda-40f9-4ced-83d5-aefca5382c41
That various depressent experiences may determine an attack of disease is known and cases of encephalitis following vaccination have been reported from different parts of the country. What light does the life history of the meningo-coccus or the epidemiology of cerebro-spinal fever throw upon the occurrence of these ca...
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If infection had taken place in the baths, the only two persons who could have been infected together would be F.K. and J.M., and that date would be on July 20th. J.M. may have been infected on July 22nd, but it is extremely doubtful if F.K. could have been infected as late as July 22nd. C.W. was probably infected as e...
bd77fc1c-73f5-4e1a-adf7-ddd5595a7932
until closing time, men only were allowed to use them. On July 22nd men only used the 2nd class baths up to 2 p.m. and ladies only from 2.0 p.m. to closing time. From the elementary schools on July 22nd, 157 girls and 139 boys attended. On the two days it may be assumed that quite as many men and boys attended as women...
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Unfortunately we have not been able to trace the source of infection, but as previously stated, we were handicapped in our search in one direction by the fact that the schools were closed during the holidays, and if the "carriers" were school girls it is quite possible for the nose and throat to be free at the end of t...
1de4366e-6ff3-4ad8-8817-73d708fa3459
It appears that in America much greater effort is expended in examination of the conditions prevalent in swimming bath water, though it is not equally clear that these conditions themselves are in fact more satisfactory than in this country. Certain means of measuring the possible contamination have been introduced : o...
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The temperature of the water which usually lies between 70° and 74° Fahrenheit, has considerable influence on the count, owing to the more rapid multiplication of most bacteria at the higher temperatures, whilst the temperature of the outside air appears also to exercise considerable influence, probably largely due to ...
2ee9b9f5-3463-4c4f-8765-97b36a5ca454
Even in the hottest and driest summers the water was always fairly clean. There was plenty of water and general drought made no difference. The well water never failed. The increasing popularity of the swimming baths has altered conditions and now, in the second day, the cleanliness of the pool leaves much to be desire...
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There are too many people who regard a bathe in the Public Swimming Bath purely as an ablution process, and every means should be used so as to educate the users to the fact that they should be as clean as possible before entering the pool. It may be taken as certain that the water which is used at the bath is particul...
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The only way to avoid this entirely, of course, is to have entrances to the boxes from outside and separate from those by which the bathers enter the water. This is impossible in the Council's baths. The original planning precludes any possibility of re arrangement so as to obtain the separate entrance to the boxes. Bu...
b9330f41-ed0c-4cdc-8a00-1bd30aa1c1ac
An objection has been raised to this proposal on account of the restrictions which it would impose upon the bathers and any restrictions might interfere adversely with the attendances Everybody is most anxious to popularise swimming and nothing should be unreasonably done to affect adversely the attendances at the bath...
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In former years the rule was observed that new costumes were not allowed to be used unless they had been previously steeped in boiling water; as the ladies' costumes became more elaborate this rule was not so strictly observed. But it is no infrequent sight to see a trail of colour in the wake of a swimmer using a new ...
ddba4a85-2fd9-463b-81ba-f23938d98176
From a health point of view, possibly the most serious source of pollution is from the persons of the bathers. The water of swimming baths is liable to be contaminated from the various secretions and excretions of the bathers using the bath, and also with living bacteria from the same sources. Contaminating organic mat...
b0e70ab2-59c4-42d9-9a99-aa3b91890243
Most, if not all of these organisms are no doubt non-pathogenic, and therefore harmless from the point of view of causation of disease. But even the contamination from the skin could be lessened if a more extensive use was made of the spray bath before entering the water. Since short hair in women has become the vogue ...
ce007b97-9e51-4918-bbb0-3858e2128574
Although there is the possibility that intestinal organisms may play a part in contamination, this is not so frequent a cause as that which arises from micturition in the bath. It is well known that micturition occurs involuntarily with some persons on entering cold water, and possibly this cannot entirely be avoided, ...
a798bc50-31d7-41b2-ab66-59c1a7dba39c
The conveniences on the side of the first-class baths are also not very conveniently situated, or at any rate not conspicuous, and notices could be posted calling attention to their situation, and the desirability of always using them before entering the pool. It must not be inferred from the foregoing that swimming ba...
87701ac2-969c-4b9f-b946-56f24ed8f617
In this case it was clearly proved that the outbreak was due to the sewage polluted water which supplied the swimming pool. In all cases reported the cause of the disease lay in the pollution of the water not from persons bathing, but from discharges of recognised cases of the disease in question which had access to th...