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f466efc0-60bf-410e-8846-db18dd79b711 | It is true that very few mothers north of the Great Western Railway attend our present clinic, but that is probably due to the comparative inaccessibility of the clinic. This also may account for comparatively small number from that area who have availed themselves of the domiciliary midwifery scheme. It is, of course, 2 piatitude to say that the utilisation of any facility is dependent upon its convenience and accessibility as well as its need and service, but if the comparative inaccessibility of the clinic is a factor in the non-utilisation of the domiciliary service, then the in habitants of the northern area have a grievance. In the area worth of the Great Western Railway and east of the North London Railway, north of the Uxbridge Road, only 15 mothers out of 207 availed themselves of the Municipal midwifery service in 1938, while 65 out of 330 mothers confined in the Central Middlesex County Hospital came from the same area. |
7fef3e0b-1826-4a44-8823-d57355e916f2 | North of the Uxbridge Road, 47 mothers availed themselves of the domimidwifery service and 160 south of the Uxbridge Road, ojhilst-157 out of 330 confined in Central Middlesex County Hospital came from the district north of the Uxbridge Road. One other important fact has to be taken into consideration :apart from maternity nursing, private domiciliary midwifery as doomed. In 1937, the number of births notified by private midwives amounted to 273; in 1938, the number was 19, and 15 of these were notified by midwives who lived outside but practised in the district; three out of the four were notified by a midwife 18 who has left the district to take up an appointment under the Middlesex County Council domiciliary midwifery scheme. |
db48a871-b854-4365-a0b0-945f2eb4fbb5 | In 1938, 207 births were notified by Queen Charlo He's Hospital midwives under the domiciliary midwifery scheme, 330 births occurred in the Central Middlesex County Hospital, 11 in the West Middlesex County Hospital and 75 in Queen Charlo He's Hospital. In addition, the maternity hospitals and the maternity departments of the London voluntary hospitals were utilised by numbers of expectant mothers. For these mothers, a consultant service is available, either at Ravenscourt Park, or at the antenatal clinics attached to the respective hospitals. The only mothers for whom the Council is directly respensible for a consultant ante-natal service are those attended by private midwives, those attended by private doctors and these who are confined in nursing homes. Of these 19 were attended by private midwives, and 178 births were notified by general practitioners. |
6b81375c-81c4-4657-a336-96aa0b5138e4 | The numbers confined in outside nursing homes are not available, but in local nursing homes the number was When the Council discontinued its own consulting ante-natal clinic it was decided to arrange for the private cases to attend the. Gynaecology clinic at the Acton Hospital under Dr. Bell. The numbers referred by doctors were too small to justify the Count's continuing the consulting clinic at Avenue Road. During the year the Health Visitors paid 526 visits to the homes of 318 expectant mothers. As stated on a previous page. 209 expectant mothers attended the ante-natal clinics. Section C. SANITARY CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AREA. Water Supply. The Borough is supplied with water by the Metropolien Water Board. Drainage and Sewerage. All the dwelling houses are provided with water closets and are drained into the main sewerage system. By arrangement with the London County Council the is discharged into the London Sewers. |
1c740313-984e-47d9-8538-49525e9687e0 | Storm water is filtered and emptied into the Thames. Public Cleansing. The house refuse is collected by the Council and burnt in the Destructor. Last year 20,961 tons of refuse were collected and butal- 19 Sanitary Inspection of the Area, The following table includes the tabular statement furnished by the Sanitary Inspector under Article 27 (18) of the Sanitary others (Outside London) Regulations, 1935. tabular statement of inspections and detail ' of work carried out by the sanitary inspectors. Number of Inspections and Action Taken. |
22b930f5-e2f5-4b17-b702-3fb01b07f05f | Total number of dwelling-houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 2524 (1) Dealt with by service of Informal Notice 1291 (2) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Section 17, Housing Act, 1930 88 (3) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Public Health Acts 45 Premises (other than defective dwelling-houses) inspected for nuisances and miscellaneous defects 683 (1) Dealt with by service of Informal Notice 390 (2) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Public Health Act, &c. 32 Reinspections subsequent to service of Notice 7812 Inspection after notification of Infectious Disease 202 Number of Premises under Periodical Inspection. |
a5e8524e-a0dd-408c-bf97-8d0a4c19e0bc | Bakehouses 35 Slaughterhouses 2 Public House Urinals 37 Common Lodging Houses 1 Batches' Shops 39 Fish Shops 33 Premises where food is manufactured or prepared 68 Dries 17 Cowsheds Nil Piggeries Nil Rag and Bone Dealers 7 Was Nil Schools (12 Elementary, 1 County, 1 Technical, 7 private) 21 Carvan Grounds 2 Their dressers 50 Rent Restriction Act. Number of Certificates granted 4 20 Detail of Work carried out. Sanitary Dustbins provided 401 Yards paved or yard paving repaired 117 Insanitary forecourts remedied 38 Defective drains repaired or reconstructed 92 Defective soil pipes and ventilating shafts repaired or renewed 61 Defective fresh air inlets repaired or renewed 93 Defective gullies removed and replaced by new 88 Rain water downpipes disconnected from drain17 Dishing and curb to gullies repaired and new gratings fixed 99 Defective W.C. |
6949d283-0898-453c-9897-1e925a0227c8 | pan and traps removed and replaced by new 117 Defective W.C. flushing apparatus repaired or new fixed 304 Defective W.C. |
c62f4aa7-7ee6-464e-82f6-656176c15347 | seats repaired or new fixed 264 Defective flush pipe connections repaired 46 Insanitary sinks removed or new fixed 44 Sink waste pipes repaired or trapped 170 Insanitary wall surface over sinks remedied 54 Ventilated food cupboards provided 11 Drinking water cisterns cleansed 109 Defective covers to drinking water cisterns repaired or new fixed 95 Insanitary sites beneath floors concreted 32 Spaces beneath floors ventilated 98 Dampness in walls from defective damp-proof course remedied 233 Dampness from defective roof, rain water gutterings, etc., remedied 766 Defective plastering repaired (number of rooms)553 Rooms where dirty walls and ceilings have been cleansed and redecorated 2615 Defective floors repaired 143 Defective or dangerous stairs repaired 43 Defective doors and windows repaired 307 Defective kitchen ranges and fire grates repaired 223 Defective washing coppers repaired 42 Coal cupboards provided or repaired 9 New W.C. |
e228f436-b842-4486-b4ca-3de9848876e5 | apartments provided 8 Accumulations of offensive matter removed 41 Drains unstopped and cleansed 139 Drains tested, exposed for examination, etc 77 Smoke observations taken 338 Smoke nuisances abated on service of notice 89 Miscellaneous nuisances abated 153 Notifications of waste of water sent to Metropolitan Water Board 176 21 SMOKE. During the year 338 observations were made of factory climneys in the district. 20 Abatement Notices were served in respect of the emission of black smoke, and five for emitting grit; 53 Intimation Notices were also served in connection with these Csses. โ Welsh coal is superior in smokelessness to that mined in England, and in Cardiff, where I am informed no other than Welsh is burned, the City is practically free from smoke pollution; the buildings are as a consequence clean, and there is a total absence of smoke haze over the City. |
f584ae8c-4469-4768-b5f9-6a662443c29c | The majority of English coals are of a bituminous type, and there fore smoke producing, but if something could be done in the way of grading, so as to ensure that those coals which produce little smoke in domestic grates and boiler furnaces were burned in towns, much inconvenience, and many of the ill effects burning raw coal would disappear. The burning of any coal in its raw state is uneconomic, by reason of the destruction of the valuable bi-products. To an econoimist, smoke means inefficiency and waste; it entails much Work for housewives, expense to all who live in towns, and a definite loss of sunlight. Also, it means dirtier streets and bulldings, and fouler air. |
c5ac523c-ee85-413e-ae80-917301f55c90 | We are constantly impressing on all ow'ners and managers the advantages financially to themselves and to the amenities of the district, of burning a good grade steam coal of a size suitable for their particular type of boiler, also the employment of a wholetime stoker who would have the time to fire at regular intervals, instead of employing a handyman to fire when he can, 2nd who shovels on the coal until there is a firebed of anything from 5 to 12 inches in thickness. These are the cases which five us the most trouble. There have been instances when the omission by the stoker to admit secondary air immediately after a charge of fuel was found to be the sole cause of the emission of smoke. |
671ce023-9a08-48f5-9759-5aa3f139d54f | In some cases, with a view to reducing costs, mechanical Stokers have been fitted to furnaces, but we have found on occasions that their efficiency has been reduced by the use of a very cheap coal, or through their being tended by untrained 22 The nuisance from the emission of grit from chimneys nearly always follows attempts to reduce the emission of smoke by the installation of- mechanical forced draught. Unless such appliance is carefully regulated, small particles of flue grit 2nd coal dust are blown unconsumed through the furnace and up the chimney, and are deposited at varying distances according to the velocity of the wind and the size of the particles, arresters to small plants are rather expensive, and not altogether satisfactory. Careful hand-firing with good grade fuels, without mechanical forced draught or steam jets, has satisfactorily abated several nuisances from grit. |
c416556c-6bc1-495a-90d8-34c7fa3a8f2d | The Council has become a. member of the "Greater London Advisory Council for Smoke Abatement," which was recently formed under the Chairmanship of M. H. Keeling, Esq M.P., M.C. At a meeting held at the Home Office on March 29th last: Mr. M. W. Kinch, the Chief Sanitary Inspector, was elected to serve on the Executive Committee. Burning in the Open. 17 Complaints were received of nuisances from the burning of refuse in the open. Under the present state of the law, the Council has no power to deal with such cases, but if burning is continuous, and such a nuisance as to interfere with any person's ordinary rights, he can take action against the offender. when complaints of this nature are received, we usually write to the person responsible for the burning, and suggest that they should send such refuse to the Council's Destructor, and thus avoid 2 day annoyance to their neighbours. Section D.โHOUSING. 1. |
63d4de7d-55fe-4d2b-9930-db26d59744d8 | Inspection of Dwelling-houses during the Year 1938: โ (1) (a) Total number of dwelling-houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 2529 (6) Number of inspections made for the purpose 8779 (2) (a) Number of dwelling-houses (included under sub-head (1) above), which were inspected and recorded under the Housing Consolidated Regulations, 1925 1731 (6) Number of inspections made for the purpose 5901 23 (3) Number of dwelling-houses found to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation 2 (4) Number of dwelling-houses (exclusive of those referred to under the preceding subhead) found not to be in all respects reasonably fit for human habitation 2136 2. |
068e0454-597e-4973-92b9-fa047a27471c | Remedy of Defects during the Year without Service of formal Notices: โ Number of defective dwelling-houses rendered fit in consequence of informal action by the Local Authority or their officers 2008 3. Action under Statutory Powers during the Year: โ A.โProceedings under sections 9, 10 and 16 of the Housing Act, 1936: โ (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs 83 (2) Number of dwelling-houses which were rendered fit after service of formal notice:โ (a) By owners 83 (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil BโProceedings under Public Health Acts: โ (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring defects to be remedied 45 (2) Number of dwelling-houses in which defects were remedied after service of formal notices: โ (ะฐ) By owners 45 (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil 24 C. |
1f8f9a8c-fa63-4aa9-80f9-d43543330071 | โProceedings under sections 11 and 13 of the Housing Act, 1936: โ (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made 2 (2) Number of dwelling-houses demolished in 1938, in pursuance of Demolition Orders Nil D Proceedings under section 12 (1) of the Housing Act, 1936: โ (1) Number of separate tenements or ground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were made Nil (2) Number of separate tenements or ground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the tenement or room having been rendered fit โ Nil In previous Annual Reports the details of the work done under the Housing Act of 1935 have been given. Two Survey had to be made. Under Survey A, or the preliminary enumeration, 16,942 dwellings were inspected and 316 lettings were found to be definitely overcrowded, and 1,352 possibly overcrowded Survey A was completed in January, 1936. |
4dff5bdc-e686-4fde-8c38-bc9756ac1dd9 | Survey B, which included the measurement of the 1,352 lettings, was completed in April, 1936, and of these 174 were definitely overcrowded, but' in the meantime 60 of the 316 overcrowded under Survey A had become uncrowded, which left a total of 430 lettings over crowded. When the results of the Survey were considered by the Special Committee appointed by the Council, it was decided that further information should be obtained concerning the over crowded families, more especially as to the rent paid, whether the lettings were controlled or decontrolled, and the presence of lodgers. This further inquiry was carried out in August, 1986 approximately less than six months since the survey for form B had been made, but in that interval it was found that 89 of the 430 lettings had become uncrowded. |
faa2a111-bf32-4b7a-aa7b-4225a6e799e1 | On December 22nd, 1936, an order was made for fixings January 1st, 1937, as the appointed day for the purpose of Section 6 of the Act, and the appointed day for the purpose of Sections 3 and 8 was fixed for July 1st, 1937. 25 In order to ascertain the permitted numbers for each working class dwelling and for the furnishing of this information to landlords in the prescribed form of notice in the rent-books, all working class dwellings had to be measured. On December 31st, 1937, 9,960 tenements had been measured, and "29 new cases of overcrowding were reported during the year. |
c9b241b8-1b77-4587-8eb7-af7944faec85 | Included in the 9.560 lettings measured up to December 31st, 1937, were the 1,868 lettings which had been inspected or measured under Survey B. Owing to a slight omission in the forms which were Supplied for the purpose of Survey A and Survey B the different lettings in the houses could not be distinguished; the floors on which the rooms were situated were not indicated. These lettings had to be revisited in order to obtain the necessary particulars. of the 430 lettings overcrowded in Surveys A and B, "246 had become uncrowded when they were again inspected in 1937. On December 31st, 1937, there were, therefore, 213 lettings overcrowded. Particulars of these premises, the size of the tenements 2nd their distribution in the district were given in pages 26 and 27 of the Annual Report of 1937. |
acb2429c-cc51-497f-b36d-205ba586ae6a | The measurement of the remaining houses was continued in 1938 and concluded by the end of August. Altogether 17,550 lettings were measured. Tables were constructed each week to show the amount of overcrowding, and these show that the number of lettings known to be overcrowded varied from 288 in the week ending February 3rd to 221 in all the weeks from the middle of July to the end of August. With the completion of He measurements in August, the position had to a certain extent become stabilised, or more correctly, the amount of overcrowding would not materially increase after that date. A certain number of lettings which were on the borderland of overcrowding on the appointed day may become overcrowded merely by the lapse of time; namely, those families in which there were infants under five months, and children under ten years of age. |
828fef82-d643-4f49-a47a-48af60d226e7 | When the reached the age of one year, they would count as half A_unit, and when those under ten reached the age of ten years, they would count as one unit and not as half a unit. Apart from over owding from these causes, it will be illegal on the part of the landlord to allow a larger number of persons to occupy the houses which have now been measured; the number allowed in each letting has to be entered in the rent books. The following table gives the number of lettings overCrowded on August 31st, i938, when the measurements were completed. 26 Cases of Overcrowding Before "The Appointed Day." |
c9d9f0d6-2488-4531-a314-04260280abaa | Number of tenements overcrowded on completion of Survey B 430 Number of tenements under Survey B uncrowded to August 31st, 1938 276 154 Number of additional tenements found to be overcrowded under the present Survey, but occupied before " The Appointed Day " 132 Number of tenements under latest (1937-8) Survey uncrowded to August 31st, 1938 69 63 Total cases of overcrowding 217 Cases of Overcrowding After "The Appointed Day." Number of tenements found to be overcrowded under the present Survey, but occupied since " The Appointed Day " 10 Number of above abated to August 31st, 1938 6 Total 4 The causes of this fall in the number of dwellings which are overcrowded are many and varied. |
55962282-f8df-4050-9c9d-79e7a8a97929 | In the Annual Report for 1936 figures were given which showed the amount of over crowding at the four Censuses, 1901, 1911, 1921 and 1931. crowding slightly increased in each of the intercensal periods 1901โ1911 and 1911โ1921, but there was a sharp decrease with intercensal period 1921โ1931. |
37c77d07-36f3-4337-afcc-fbc4202e7b68 | The percentages of families over crowded under the Registrar General's standard of more than two persons per room were as follows :โ 1901 6.0 1911 6.3 1921 6.6 1931 4.3 27 The standards used for the surveys under the Housing Act, 1935, were slightly higher than those of the Registrar General, but in spite of this, the percentage of overcrowding in the Iettings inspected under Surveys A and B was only 2.5, which'showed that the decline in overcrowding which had been noticed in the intercensal period 1921โ1931, had continued and even become accentuated in the period 1931โ1936. |
d5e82fe4-09ef-47a7-9a8e-569e60d7f64a | Throughout the kingdom, one of the main causes in the dtcline of overcrowding (apart, of course, from the provision of dwellings has been the consistent and continuous decrease in the average size of families, and since 1911 Acton has had a Similar experience to that of the rest of England and Wales. The average size of the family did not decrease much in the intereensal period 1901โ1911, but in the 20 years, 1911โ1931, the average size was nearly one person per family less in the latter khan in the former year. The birth rate fell gradually but continuously until 1933, and though since there has been a very Sight rise, it is not sufficient to affect materially the average yu of the families. The fall of the birth rate has been observed ??? the wards of the district, and though the birth rate is still highest in the south-west ward, the relative fall has been greater in that ward than in the rest of the district. |
1c275a73-9d55-456d-8e75-bfaa3b94b0a3 | Both controlled and decontrolled houses have become ???rowded and in August, 1938, 276 of the overcrowded Iettings had become uncrowded. The cause of the uncrowding had been different in the two kinds of houses. The tenants of controlled house hesitate to forego the advantages of a controlled letting, and would not be prepared always to accept alternative accommodation if offered by the Council. Where it was possible to abate the overcrowding by a rearrangement of the sleeping accommodation or even by arranging for one or more of the family to deep elsewhere, this was frequently done. In the case of the decontrolled house, overcrowding was ???haed by moving into more commodious premises either in this ares or in a neighbouring area. |
539894c3-5a56-410c-a1a4-75e312155d2c | Transport facilities have so improved that employees of the large factories in the north of the district are not compelled to live within the boundaries of the district in which the factory is situated, though in order to save rail and bus fares, people would prefer to live close to their place of employment. Within recent years, a very large number of houses have been built in neighbouring boroughs and some of those employed in the district have taken advantage of these opportunities to obtain better accommodation. โข28 Although the presence of lodgers was not a very impor??? factor in the overcrowding of houses when the Surveys made, some of the lettings have become uncrowded because the lodgers have left and the rooms are occupied exclusively by the members of the family. In addition to these causes which have contributed towards the abatement of overcrowding, the whole trend of housing affairs and the changed attitude of local authorities in respect of housing since the War, have materially affected and are still affecting the question of overcrowding. |
95ea9aeb-a5ab-47e2-a737-63da2d29053f | In this connection the history of Action is fairly typical of most authorities in Greater London, and though the efforts made by the local authority here would not grealty affect the question, taken in conjunction with similar efforts by surrounding authorities, they have been effective in materially reducing overcrowding. As far as Acton is concerned the public authority owne no dwelling houses before the War. In the first decade of this century the question of building houses for the working clases was periodically raised in the Council but the motion was not taken seriously, although in common with many other parts of the country, in the years immediately before 1914 working Class houses were being built in decreasing numbers in Acton. The south-west and south-east wards had been almost fully developed before the Census of 1911 and building operations between 1911 and 1914 were confined to the north-east and north-west wards The houses which were being built in these two wards were mostly for sale and were beyond the reach of those included in the ferm " working class." |
1ad521b2-27e6-4fbc-b3ab-951d09a7748a | During the War, building operations came practically to a standstill and this led to a shortage and the demand far exceeded the supply of houses. This was particularly true of Acton; a large filling factory had been established by the Government at Park Royal, which gave employment to thousands of munition workers; many of those employed there came here to reside permanently. After the War the Ministry of Pensions offices were erected in the Vale, and the north-western area was developed as a factory area. Houses of all kinds were naturally at a premium here. To meet the demand for more and improved houses, Parliament supplied the necessary machinery in the Housing Act of 1919, which for the first time providedan Exchequer subsidy to local authorities to build houses to meet the general needs of their areas. |
9ec4241c-66eb-4641-896f-f29487fcd359 | The Housing Act of 1919 was primarily intended to overcome the shortage of houses left by the War; the shorage 29 was too great to attempt to satisfy it wholly, the cost of production was so high that only the better paid artisans and person of a similar economic status could afford to pay the rents which the local authorities were obliged to charge. Under the ???ising Act of 1919 the Acton Council acquired three flats in Bello Bridge Road, but the main effort was the erection in 1920 of 320 houses in East Acton. The rate of interest for the loans raised varied from 6 to 63/4 per annum and the other costs of erection were correspondingly high. In spite of the subsidy the lowest rent charged was 17s, 17s. 3d. and 18s. for a house with living-room, scullery 2nd three bedrooms; out of 320 houses, 136 were of this type. |
1cbaffca-a4c1-4ea3-a063-2ae39760d418 | 172 of the houses consisted of a parlour, living-room, scullery and three bedrooms, and the rents for these varied from 19s. 10d. to 22s. 4d. per week. Twelve of the houses were centrally heated 2nd the rents of these varied from 23s. 2d. to 31s. Id. a week. Central heating has now been discontinued and the charges for the service, which varied from 4s. 6d. to 7s. 6d. a week, have been abolished. These rents compared very favourably with those charged for houses of similar accommmodation in the district, and there was keen competition for the houses. There was always a long waiting list, and the Housing Committee were able to select ??? they considered would be an asset and not a liability. |
44c78c9f-198f-4b40-907e-6f615773fe44 | The criterion was the suitability of the tenant from a landlord's Point of view and not any question of overcrowding or unhealthy condition under which the applicant lived. Nearly ten years elapsed before the Council undertook further building operations. In 1930, 28 flats were erected in ??? Acton: in 1931 eight flats were erected in Enfield Road, 2nd in 1932 eight flats were erected in Brouncker Road, and 64 and six houses in Wales Farm Road. These were all ???ected under the Housing Act of 1924. The Housing Acts of 1923 and 1924 had the same objective as that of the Housing Act of 1919, namely, the provision of more and more houses, partly by private enterprise and partly bv local authorities, and there was a subsidy under the Housing Act of 1924 of 10s. for each dwelling. |
b9700158-9519-4a34-853f-f17d0365c542 | But the costs of production had fallen rapidly; the rate of interest for loans paid by the Council for the houses and flat erected under the Act of 1924 varied from 31/2% to 5% and the other costs of erection were also correspondingly lower. At the time of erection the two-bedroom flats were let at rents ???ing from 10s. Id. a week to 11s 9d.; the three-bedroom flats 30 at rents varying from 11s. 9d. to 13s. 8d. a week, and the three bedroom houses at 13s. lid. a week. Later the Council equalised the rents of the houses erected under the Housing Act, 1919 and the houses and flats erected under the Housing Act, 1924, which effected a lowering of the rents of the former houses and a corresponding raising of the rents of the houses and flats erected under the 1924 Act. |
b4be18da-58e5-4242-992a-9ac58308d0e6 | In 1934 the Council erected two houses and 52 flats in Canada Crescent under the Housing Act, 1925. Prices had again fallen and the rate of interest for loans varied from 3% to 31/2 per annum. The result was that the two three-bedroom houses without a subsidy, were let at 14s. lid. and las. 2d. a week the two-bedroom flats at 13s. a week. These rents are exactly corrcci for the year 1935-1936. They vary slightly according to the. level of the district rate which is levied in the area, but the variation in the past has been small). The Housing Act of 1930, by which a comprehsive attack upon the slum was begun, was ol minor Importance, to Acton. A survey was made of the district, but less than a score of houses were closed. |
65f881e5-f61c-4f2e-91b8-6fcc64a10583 | As the Committee is aware, in one an appeal was made by the owner to the County Court against the demolition order made by the Council, and the County Court judge refused to make the order. There are a few houses still left in the district which are showing signs of age and unless extensive structural work is undertaken to recondition them, they will have to be closed. In the ordinary acceptance of the term, we have no slums in Acton. We have no areas which could be scheduled for clearance purposes; most of the district is comparatively new the streets were planned and the houses erected after Buiding Bye-laws had been in operation. The Housing Act of 1935 was of much more important this Act dealt specifically with overcrowding, and fixed a mimimum standard of overcrowding. Reports upon the results of the survey made under the Act have already been made and the flats erected in the Steyne and the proposed erection of ??? in the Vale is the Council's contribution to relieve overcrowding in the district. |
e306d93f-36e5-49e2-b659-675e5e63381b | Although overcrowding was specifically not dealt With in the Housing Acts before that of 1935, a change in the type of tenant had been setting in for some time before that. The houses and flats built under the Housing Acts of 1924 and 1925 were much chcaper than those built under the Act of 1919. and as shown above, could be let at lower rents. The Council could 31 therefore, draw upon a wider field of applicants. The rents for flats were lower than for tenements of similar accommodation in other parts of the district except for controlled houses ???enements. The question of local housing- finance thus became taks prominent; there was not the same need to discriminate in the process of selection ; a larger number of working class families were able to pay the rent and to enjoy the benefits of municipal housing. |
91e8028a-7ed5-49e1-8952-609c2bc789c3 | Although for these reasons the Housing Committee was able to pick and choose and inquiries were made into the habits and circumstances of the applicants for houses and fiats, synpathetic consideration was given to those with large families found it difficult to find suitable accommodation, elsewhere It is well known that private landlords look askance at ?mnts with large families for various reasons; large families are tenants, and in the nature of things, large familles are the poorest and find it difficult to pay the rent regualy. Although inquiries were made into the circumstances and the applicants, contact with the new tenants was not sufficiently Ovt&xate to prepare them for the new surroundings. Arrangewere not made for cleansing furniture and clothing and fermation was not given on matters connected with the change. |
e2a6ee5b-6dd5-4aeb-a679-2e174bdaab65 | During the last summer complaints were made that the Council houses were infested, some of them heavily infested, and the Housing Committee decided to institute inquiries into the cause and the extent of the infestation, and to ask the Public Health Ckp-irtment to undertake the disinfestation. Inquiries were made in all the Council's houses and flats; with first place the tenants were asked if they had seen any bedbugs in the house, and the sanitary inspectors confirmed the P^Scnce of them when reported by the tenants. Inquiries were at 491 houses and flats, and 108 were found to be infested; >cยป'ere heavily infested and 78 slightly infested. According to statements made, some of these had been infested for over jยฎ* years, and in one instance as long as sixteen years. It was <5n\ous that in some instances the premises were infested when present tenants entered into possession. |
b60e0849-46b5-43f2-8f15-d27b71c561aa | In other instances rU.rtnants brought the bed-bugs with them from their'old houses, c^*Cpยป>ssibly their belongings might have been infested in the van โขH'he furniture removers. The problem of disinfestation had to be attacked along ***ยปยซiain channels; not only had we to deal with the disinfestation tv houses and the belongings of families in transit between dwellings and clean houses, but also the disinfestation already verminous in which the tenants have to remain. 32 The latter aspect of the problem is the more difficult, because we have no chemical disinfectant which is lethal to all stages of the bed-bug and egg, which can be easily applied, if at all, where the tenants are already occupying the houses. Many chemical substances have been applied at different times and two have proved to be entirely successful in eradicating bugsโcyanide 2nd heavy naphtha. |
4c2dad8d-b0b7-442e-bab6-bda19866748d | For many reasons, the cyanide method cannot be used in the Council houses, and its use was rejected, but it has been adopted for the fumigation of furniture. The Housing Committee decidcd that when a Council house or flat became vacant, where necessary, the building should be treated with heavy naphtha, and in all cases the furniture of the new tenant is collected in vans and fumigated with hydrogen cyanide and the bedding disinfested with steam. Since August 3rd, 1938, this procedure has been ??? out. The fumigation of the furniture in vans is done by the Associated Fumigators, Ltd., and from August to the end of the year the furniture of 32 new tenants was fumigated hydrogen cyanide and the bedding steam disinfested. Eight empty houses were found to be infested and were treated with heavy naphtha. |
76b494bf-4080-4181-989b-aae3114dc531 | Heavy coal-tar naphtha it ft clear almost colourless liquid which, in air, partially vapor The concentration of vapour obtained is dependent on the ture, and certain conditions must be observed in order to obtain sufficient concentration and vaporisation for it to act both 3S contact insecticide and vapour fumigant. When properly the rooms are charged with the vapour in such a concern form as to penetrate all cracks and crevices, drawing 33 ?? uphtha disappears more quickly when the house is opened up Subfrequently. |
80c3e1a6-1030-4614-986e-20aa8ab02cb1 | The rooms are kept sealed for 24 hours; it is (needless to say, of course, that the disinfestors have to wear From the visits we paid to other districts the method Appeared to be very successful; our numbers, so far, are too smal juried out it was entirely successful in the eradication of bugs 3bt tho Disinfestation by naphtha is a fairly expensive process; occlusive of wages, transport, equipment and establishment ยฃkiri,'es, it works out at about 95s. a house. The disinfestation of houses already occupied is far more difficult. From a description of the methods employed with heavy ttjphtha it is obvious that the tenants must vacate the house for or three days and find other accommodation. This was jointed out to the tenants, and in no instance were they able, cx cared, to seek the necessary accommmodation. We thereto* had to resort to other insecticides with varying results. |
e538f9d0-98aa-42d7-a1da-e05e691e792c | We fcc*ted altogether 100 houses, containing 416 rooms, with different i**jfccticides, most of them with two proprietary fluids. Altogether (00 houses (416 rooms) have been treated with these insecticides Aยซvl the houses visited on several occasions afterwards; in 16 (48 rooms) it was necessary to sprav a second time, and in Httt cases (nine rooms) a third time. We presume that the till*re was due to the fact that the insecticide was not applied to. or did not reach into every crevice, to the insects or their eggs. t* *ome houses the process is only applied to some of the rooms re-infestation may have occurred from rooms not treated, one instance, weeks after the application of the insecticide picture rail was taken down and behind it there were conquerable numbers of dead bugs. |
82bce66c-a621-46b2-a45f-a88b98a719cb | At the end of the year, inquiries were made, and in most the houses, as far as we could ascertain, the bugs had been Eradicated. We cannot forecast the conditions which may arise the advent of warm weather in the coming spring and sumbut with continued vigilance and the changes in administra**โข decided upon by the Housing Committee there is every '**e5tation faces us when we try to find the cause and endeavour 34 to prevent the conditions above-mentioned. A percentage of over 20 of the Council houses was found to be infested; so of them so heavily infested that if they had been found on private property, the sanitary authority would have called upon the owner forthwith to abate the nuisance. In some of the houses treated with heavy naphtha the crevices and upper and inner borders of the wallpaper in the bedrooms were thickly clustered with dead bugs and their eggs. |
6d4f5065-1d7e-4225-99c1-8dd82f36498b | In the first place, had the conditions in the Council houses deteriorated in the last ten years; how did these conditions ??? pare with those which obtain in the parts of the district from which the tenants of the Council had been drawn ? We have no exact figures of the amount of infestatation in the Council houses ten years ago; no complete survey was attempted before last year, but from the inquiries made at and the observation of the different officers of the Council, there is little if any, doubt that conditions have deteriorated very considerably Infestation has increased both in the number of houses affected and in the amount of infestation in most of the houses affected On the other hand, the sanitary inspectors and health visotors are of the opinion that in the district as a whole there has been a decided and definite improvement in the last ten years. |
b3172eb6-7e1c-4a42-b91a-c399cda8deef | Even in those streets which have had for years the worst reputation and in which most of the tenements were periodically over crowded, not only is infestation much reduced as compared with ten years ago, but they would compare favourably with the Council houses in the number of rooms which are infested. There is more than one explanation of this ??? state of things. Private property is constantly inspected and the tenants are not averse from complaining to the sanitary inspectors and health visitors; the complaints are investigated and, if nessary notices are served upon the landlords or their agents. Most of these houses are registered as houses let in lodgings, and under the Bye-laws we have power to call upon the owners the nuisance. The owners of the houses also maintain contact with the tenants, and unless the tenants co-operate with them in maintaining cleanliness, pressure is exerted. These conditions have been to a great extent non-existent in the control of the Council houses. |
e59e7ea7-526e-474c-b16d-1a2d39fddaa4 | The tenants are aware that decoration can ble be carried out at stated intervals and probably imagine that complaints would be useless. Even if inspection was often appeared to them as if it was carried out by agents of the Council. 35 In order to remove some of these difficulties the Housing Committee decided to appoint a Housing Visitor, and Miss Carney commenced her duties on September 1st, 1938. Her duties have not been too strictly defined, and the vale of her work will be enhanced if the tenants will regard her Appointment in its true light. She is not here for the purpose ot interfering in matters affecting their private lives, but to promote their social welfare. A considerable part of her time 4us been spent in visiting applicants for Council houses, and in rttis way it is possible to see the selected tenants in their old arroundings. |
96e90c4a-afeb-4af0-9151-a6432da8f965 | The four-floor block of flatsโSteyne Houseโwas finished in December and occupied in the first week of 1939; the block cosists of 24 flats, and one wing of eight two-bedroom flats is occupied by tenants transferred from the East Acton Estate. It wii be recollected that in the Annual Report of 1936, it was pointed out that although many of the houses there were overCWmded, there were also many which were much under-occupied. erection of these flats in Steyne House enabled the Council to rcctify this anomaly so as to allow the houses in East Acton to be occupied by families living in overcrowded houses. All the new tenants, prior to their removal, are visited by the Housing Visitor and information about their conditions and ffecir circumstances, the urgency of their need and other details Aw obtained by the visit. |
9e80782e-fc4d-447c-ab11-45bd404d910f | On the day of removal the Housing 'fteitor is present at the actual loading and unloading of the fumigating vans so as to avoid friction and complaints, and also Censure that all furniture goes into the van. Close touch has Ween kept with the Town Clerk's Department, which manages the fin tings. In the course of her visiting, notes are made of complaints in connection with repairs, etc., and these, in turn, have been Passed on to the Borough Engineer and Housing Foreman. The large majority of the tenants are of a good standard, are less cleanly in their habits, and a small number require a certain amount of supervision. " The degree of need varies from family to family. At one end of the scale all that may be 36 needed is a call to make a friendly enquiry in time of sickness at the other, there may be an occasion for taking some disciplinary action." |
58e149c7-a043-483b-a28b-b6b99b89f9b8 | When necessary, it would be advantageous if the Council would uphold the measures suggested, and not allow any famtfy unreasonably to break the conditions of tenancy, nor allow anvon to disturb others in the peaceful enjoyment of the amenities of life. It is impossible to estimate the difficulties which folow vacillation and hesitancy in dealing with obstinate and truculent tenants. The unfortunate family who have met with unexptected and adverse circumstances always deserve consideration, and the feckless and even apathetic rouse sympathy. When the letter are advised, they do intend to carry out instructions, though they usually fail, but even when they fail the harm they do is frequently limited to the results of their failure and falls mostly upon themselves. But with the obstructive tenant matters 2k different. The repercussions of his refusal are felt when attemple are made to assist others. Section E.โINSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOf) (a). Milk Supply. |
d5514b16-3272-4995-8bbc-0f952f83960c | There are no cowsheds in the Borough, all the milk ??? produced outside. There are 120 persons or firms retailing milk in the di under the following categories: โ There are 120 persons or firms retailing milk in the under the following categories: โ Dairymen. Purveyors ol ??? No. with rounds not occupying premises in the Borough. No. with rounds occupying premises in the Borough. No. of General shops from which milk is sold from covered pans only No. of shop from which milk issue in closrd receptacle only 13 15 2 37 Special Designated Milk. The number of persons or firms licensed to sell Special Designated Milk is as follows: โ 5 Tuberculin Tested. 1 Tuberculin Tested (Supplementary Licence). 2 Accredited. 13 Pasteurised. 1 Pasteurised (Supplementary Licence). 3 Pasteurised (No licence fee payable by Express Dairy Co. Ltd. |
83853ecc-33f7-4fe0-907e-2a2fcda992b7 | )* 25 *The Express Dairy Co. Ltd. have a pasteurising plant at No. 100 Bollo Lane. ft). Meat Inspection. There is no change of conditions. There are two slaughterHouses in the district; in one of these a whole-time meat inspector W i-ngaged on the duties of inspection. Meat Inspection at T. Wall & Sons' Slaughterhouse during the Year 1938. During the past year there has been the very slight increase of .o62 in the number of pigs' carcases inspected, affected with dseseases other than Tuberculosis, and a decrease of .78% in the affected with Tuberculosis. One carcase was found to be affected with cystercircus '"whsae (viz., measly pork). This disease is uncommon in the 38 British Isles, but fairly common on the Continent. |
369a3b91-7a78-4100-a6d9-23071ac19b87 | In the intermediary host (the pig) the parasite takes the form of a cyst varying in size from a pinshead to a pea, in the muscles or other tissue of the pig. In the host (man) the tapeworm develops and may grom to a length of ten feet. When each segment is mature, it detaches itself from the rest of the worm, and passes out of the intestine, with the faeces. By the decomposition of the segments the are set free, and may be devoured by other food animals in disthek, where the contents of cesspools and privy pits are spread over land, and thus the cycle of events is carried on. There is alway the danger of infection from eating measly pork in an imperfectty cooked condition. Two improvements have been carried out in the slaughtes house during the year, one being the installation of a Gjerotru Black Scraper, which removes the black from the skin of back pigs after they have passed through the singeing machine. |
1839bbe1-e803-422f-9398-ebf163f6ef54 | This machine can be set at various speeds, and is very thorough in its opera rion. The other improvement, the installation of an Iwel Anew Depilating Plant, is not yet completed, but when it is, sows and large pigs will be immersed in a solution of resin and cotton ??? at a high temperature, and after a short period withdrawn, and cooled with water. The film of resin and oil is then stripped off removing any hairs by the roots. The strippings are afterward re-melted, filtered, and returned to the dipping tank. This process follows the scalding tank and de-hairer. and is really a finishing machine, removing all hairs which the de has failed to do. The plant is an American invention, and is the only one of its kind in Europe. The other slaughterhouse deals almost entirely with Kesher meat. 39 CAUCASES INSPECTED AND CONDEMNED. |
21019f2e-0035-4997-9c9a-1d150969cd46 | Cattle, excluding Cows Cows Calves Sheep & Lambs Pigs 1. Number killed 13 5 13,264 2,526 40,691 2. Number inspected 13 5 13,264 2,526 40,691 3. All diseases EXCEPT TUBERCULOSISโ Whole carcases condemned โ โ 76 3 1 Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 6 1 174 730 60 Percentage of the number inspected affected with disease other than Tuberculosis 46.1% 20% 1.13% 29% 0.15% 4. |
15bfe697-d7c8-4984-8fdd-64851f1e4a64 | TUBERCULOSIS ONLYโ Whole carcases condemned โ 2 22 โ 39 Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 3 โ 112 โ 1,870 Percentage of the number inspected affected with Tuberculosis 23.0% 40% 1.01% โ 4.7% 4* O NUMBER OF PIGS' CARCASES INSPECTED FROM 1st JANUARY TO 31st DECEMBER, 1938 WITH ANALYSIS OF SURRENDERS ON ACCOUNT OF DISEASE. 1938. No. of Carcases Inspected. No. of Heads Diseased. No. of Carcases Diseased. No. of Sides Diseased. No. of Fore Quarters Diseased. No. of Hind Quarters Diseased. No. of Legs Diseased. No. of Shoulders Diseased. Plucks (Lungs, Livers and Hearts). |
1d9b0605-7b28-4a5d-8008-cc0ab63917e3 | Mesenteries, Stomachs and Intestines Pieces of Pork. January 3192 15'2 7 1 โ 2 โ โ 148 803 lbs โ February 3447 118 3 โ 1 โ 91 310 ,, โ March 3292 109 3 โ 1 1 โ 125 393 ,, 1 April 2956 151 5 โ โ 2 โ 107 344 2 May 8084 174 1 โ 2 186 292 ,, โ June 8114 155 4 โ โ 153 287 โ 2 July 3928 1'21 1 . |
ccee57af-307c-4b7e-8b20-fc40cacfcbcd | 1 1 158 317 .. 2 August 8088 105 3 1 1 โ โ 88 191 1 September 8084 198 4 โ 1 88 189 โ 3 October 3774 187 7 2 1 205 322 ,, 1 November 3877 214 3 __ ____ 1 291 357 ,, 2 December 3143 128 โ โ 1 1 โ โ 179 395 โ 1 Total 40593 1710 40 3 3 8 7 1 1819 3700 ,, 16 41 (C) Adulteration. List of samples taken during the year ended 31 st December, 1938. Article. Taken. Adulterated. |
f4ac1402-dfe3-4a38-8e30-144ce2b456b9 | Milk 123 โ Ammoniated Quinine Tablets 2 1 Boracic Acid Ointment 1 โ Brandy 1 โ Butter 2 โ Chocolate Milk 1 โ Cream Pastries 2 โ Gin 3 โ Mercury Ointment 1 โ Minced Beef 8 2 Red Currant Dressing 1 โ Rum 1 โ Sausages 28 7 Vinegar 10 6 Whisky 5 1 189 18 Number of Prosecutions 3 โ Number of Convictions 3 โ SECTION F.โPREVALENCE AND CONTROL OVER INFECTIOUS AND OTHER DISEASES. At the end of the Report a Table is given showing the incidence of the compulsory notifiable diseases, and the following โขceived special attention during the year. MEASLES. |
06c850cb-efec-496f-acf2-9e3578098077 | In previous Annual Reports it has been shown that since WflO Measles has occurred in Acton regularly every two years and, 42 as was anticipated, it made its appearance in the late autumn at1937, and continued into the summer of 1938. From 1918 to1930, the interepidemic period was slightly over 104 weeks, the result that the deaths from the disease were entirely confined to the even years, as the following figures show:โ Year. Deaths. Year. Deaths. |
1f3e7916-02a6-4f5e-80af-bf5937b26ed7 | 1919 โ 1929 โ 1920 9 1930 9 1921 โ 1931 3 1922 5 1932 12 1923 โ 1933 1 1924 16 1934 11 1925 โ 1935 โ 1926 12 1936 10 1927 โ 1937 o 1928 12 1938 5 In 1932 the interepidemic period became slightly less and cases made their appearance in the late autumn of 1931. The same phenomenon occurred in the 193-4 epidemic, but, the epidemic of 1936 again made its appearance at little more : the 104 weeks after that of 1931-32, and no deaths occurred in Last year's epidemic made its appearance in less than 109 weeks, and two of the deaths occurred in 1937. |
2415c3a6-2bd9-4806-9005-5d6fa69b30a9 | It was reported in last year's Report that a limited outbreak occurred in West Acton in the summer of 1937, but no deaths occurred. general epidemic which was due, made its appearance in October 1937, and one death occurred in the last week of November, and one death in the last week of December. The epidemic, like the two preceding ones, was slow in developing. There was a lull during the Christmas holiday and the schools in the southern area of the district were not much affected until late in January, 1938. The epidemic rcaehed its peak in March, 1938. One death occurred in the first quarter of 1938, and four in the second quarter. |
0d40e9c0-b4ba-4da8-ac38-5cfdee6ac063 | With the exception of the epidemic of 1922 the number of deaths was less than that in any of the other epidemics, but if we take two epidemic periods, although 43 In improvement recently, there were three more deaths than in the two epidemic periods of 1919-1922, as the following figures Show:โ Years. ... ... ... Deaths. 1919-1922 ... ... ... 14 1923-1926 ... ... ... 28 1927-1930 ... ... ... 21 1931-1934 ... ... ... 27 1935-1938 ... ... ... 17 There was no change in our administrative methods. Measles in Acton is almost entirely a disease of pre-school children and children attending Infants' Departments. Exclusion of confacts in the Junior and Senior Departments is unnecessary, and it doubtful if exclusion is of any use, even in the Infants' Departments. |
c8bd4f96-cfb6-4583-914c-6864c504b14a | Most of the deaths occur in children of pre-school age, Ami it is desirable to avoid infection among them as much as possible. If, therefore, contacts of school age are permitted to attend school, they are less likely to infect their younger brothers And sisters. Reference may again be made to the researches of Or. Stocks, that a temporary immunity is conferred in a large number of children by sub-clinical infections. Under such conditions it is possible that the attendance in schools of contacts may Sexell the numbers of their fellow-pupils who become temporarily Viwnune by sub-clinical doses of infection. Our usual procedure of admission into hospital was adopted. Our accommodation at Fever Hospital would not possibly allow the admission of all cases, even if that were desirable. A selection has to be made, those cases in which a complication of Measles had occurred Of where the home conditions were unsatisfactory were admitted. Suring the year 32 cases were admitted to Hospital, with three deaths. |
0b265d56-55b8-499a-b2a6-47418b80ba8f | SCARLET FEVER. One hundred and sixty cases of Scarlet Fever were notified Wsvyeaj, but there was no death from the disease. This is the consecutive year in which no death has occurred from leaflet Fever. This fact alone is sufficient evidence to show that here has in recent years been of a very mild character, but the change in the incidence of the disease has not corresponded with the mortality from it. In the early part of this Coutury and in the latter part of the last, Scarlet Fever 44 was a formidable disease, but even the older generation of doctors distinguished between Scarlet Fever, which was a dangerous and deadly disease, and Scarlatina, a similar but much milder ??? of infection, which hardly ever causes a death. The death returns in these earlier periods showed the loss of several members of the same family, when the disease was prevalent in a locality. |
a0a1e8e4-ba7c-412f-815e-7b1601a9b2e7 | The throat symptoms were especially severe in these cases, and doubt is sometimes cast upon the diagnosis; that some of these cases may have been due to the virulent type of Diphtheria, similar to that which occurred in the district in 1932 and 1933. We know that in the gravis type of the Diphtheria bacillus death does occur within 48 hours or less of the onset; the membrane which appears does not assume the characteristic appearance of the mild or moderately severe type of the . disease, and before the rise of bacteriology it is suggested toilsome of the deaths attributed to Scarlet Fever may have been due to the virulent type of Diphtheria. It is not necessary assume that a mistake in.diagnosis was made. In the early years of this century we experienced these severe cases of Scarlet Fever and in 1908 15 deaths occurred from the disease in Acton, and in 1909, 16 deaths. |
25ab977c-cd65-409f-aab2-2d56acc3fa4b | Various reasons have been given for the change of type in the disease, such as the influence of isolation, improved methods of treatment, etc. These may have had an influence, but it is very doubtful. We find that in the four consecutive years, 1917โ1920 in Acton not a death occurred from due disease, and in that period treatment by a specific serum and chemo-therapy had not been introduced. Figures from Acton are not available before 1881, some of these are not too reliable, and earlier figures woould probably be less reliable. A study of the history of Scarlet Fever shows that in different countries long periods, during which the disease proved extremely virulent, were followed by other long periods in which the disease was very benign. |
ac1490c8-f6b4-44f6-8746-e51671ce1b86 | The history of the disease in Acton shows that virulent cases occurred fairly the quently up to the War, but since the Great War virulent cases are rare, and a death from uncomplicated Scarlet Fever occurs, unless the victim was originally in unsound health or otherwise debilitated. In the 25 years 1889 to 1913 there were 104 deaths, and in only two years, 1892 and 1897, was there no death from the disease. In the 25 years, 1914 to 1938, there only 21 deaths, and in 12 of these years there was no death from the disease. 45 Although the mortality of Scarlet Fever has in recent years reduced here to very small proportions, the number of cases still remains fairly high, and we have to admit that hospital isolation has not succeeded in controlling the spread of the disease. Recent researches into the cause and mode of spread of Scarlet Fever partly explain the cause of the failure. |
2a347c15-948e-4e3f-8fbb-9e7fce3fc7fc | We are still bound by the idea that Scarlet Fever is a separate entity, the diagnostic criterion being a train of symptoms, which included (ever, sore throat, and more especially a rash. These are the usual reactions of a young person to the invasion of the germ which causes Scarlet Fever. But we now know that in any outbreak the symptoms range in severity from almost nil to the severe, and that the symptom which is usually taken as the most important, the rash, may be absent. Some persons possess a partial or complete resistance to the poison, but the resistance may be insufficient to protect them from some of the symptoms. Moreover, some of the strains of hemolytic streptococci differ in their capacity to produce a rash; in some it is so high that 90 per cent of those infected develop clinical Scarlet Fever; in others it is so low that onlv one out of 10, or even 20, exhibit the charac??? istic rash. |
d07b1070-27e1-4888-b77a-6d852d06472b | Scarlet Fever is really only one manifestation of a Very large group of allied conditions, which include tonsillitis, colds, erysipelas and other conditions. With these facts in mind it is not difficult to understand why hospital isolation has had apparently no influence in lowering incidence of the disease. Only those cases which exhibit the principal symptoms are notified; these cases alone are, in many istricts, systematically removed to hospital, leaving unisolated many cases of infection with kindred organisms, which are a source of danger to the community. To remove all patients exhibiting clinical symptoms of streptococcal infection is obviously impossible and unnecessary, and the Ministry of Health now deprecate the indiscriminate removal of all cases of Scarlet Fever to the hospital. Whenever possible, uncomplicated cases of -Siarlet Fever should be treated at home and thus removed from the danger of cross-infection, which are at present inseparable from the routine system of isolation hospital treatment as commonly practised. |
a8f03edb-4c59-4025-b3b5-57c4cec355f7 | Unfortunately, a large number of Scarlet Fever cases have to be removed to hospital for social and economic reasons they cannot be isolated or properly treated in their homes, and even if these conditions can be observed the occupation of the other members of the household might make it extremely inconvenient to treat the cases in their own homes. 46 We do not desire that the public should in any way underestimate the infectiousness of Scarlet Fever, but rather appreciate the infectiousness of other conditions which are allied to itMedical practitioners are becoming alive to the different manifev tations of infections with the haemolytic streptococci, but there I* need for the education of the general public in regard to thยป infectious nature of tonsillitis and feverish sore throats, although they may be unaccompanied by a rash. DIPHTHERIA. Nineteen cases of Diphtheria were notified and there two deaths. Both the deaths were in children who had not been artificially immunised. |
ac7d9fac-b264-49af-a37d-fb52792af826 | Two children who had been immunised contracted Diphtheria. Both cases were mild. The first had received three doses of Formol Toxoid in 1933, and when Schick tested in 1935 was found to be negative. The second one was one of those unusual cases who are extremely difficult to render immune. He received three doses of Formol Toxoid in 1935, and two doses of Alum Precipitated Toxoid when he went to school 1937. He contracted Diphtheria in February, 1938; in October 1938, he was Schick-tested and was found to be positive. It his been repeatedly stated that a negative Schick reaction does not always indicate ability to withstand a virulent infection, especially of the " gravis " type. |
ebc78a43-2116-4d77-b528-71d2879e8df9 | Moreover, two doses of Alum Precially tated Toxoid or three doses of Formol Toxoid or Toxoid Floccules are not always sufficient to bring about a negative Schick reaction To overcome these difficulties, Doctors Parish and \Vr inland Doctors Schwartz and Janney consider that, as a routine, measure, a re-test at school entry or a dose of prophylactic & desirable. We have anticipated these recommendations, and for time we have advised the parents to allow their children to haveas a routine measure, a dose of prophylactic when they enter the Infants and Junior Departments. In the school report figures given to show the extent to which this practice has been carried out and last year 370 school children were re-inoculated after a three years' interval. Whatever may be the theoretical limitations ofartificial immunisation, from a practical point of view it has been an outstanding success in our district. Since we commenced the practice, nearly seven years ago, no death has occurred in ??? |
259b2f5a-0bdb-4c3e-a636-8e53521eb7b4 | immunised person. An occasional clinical case of Diphtheria occurred amongst these. No attempt has been made to hide these; the number has been published in every Annual Report. but no fatal case of Diphtheria has occurred in an immuinsed person. 47 The deaths from Diphtheria for the past seven years were as follows:โ 1938 2 1937 6 1936 2 1935 8 1934 7 1933 23 1932 21 As we did not start artificial immunisation until the autumn of 1932, possibly it would not be fair to introduce that year into the comparison, but it is fair to include it in order to show the danger of Diphtheria. Excluding 1932, in the last six years we fcave had 48 deaths from Diphtheria, all in persons who had fยซfused or neglected to take the simple precaution of being immunised. |
bf4f96ec-9050-4fd8-8102-b17b51f43c2a | It might be assumed that these facts would be a Sufficient inducement for parents to have their children immunised, but we find it extremely difficult to keep up the herd immunity. Last year, the figures for pre-school children were worse than those of 1937, though the number of school children immunised ims higher. In 1938, only 249 pre-school children received the first dose of A.P.T., and 232 the second dose, compared with 353 and 292 respectively in 1937. The same difficulties are probably encountered in other districts; from the Annual Report of the Chiet Medical Officer of the Ministry of Health for 1937, Acton was the best immunised district in Greater London, with over per cent, of its child population protected. There has been some change in the procedure. For reasons technical for discussion in this Report, we give two doses of S.c.c. of A.P.T., instead of a first dose of .1 c.c. |
6e26424e-34db-4556-81d7-fce706f0872c | and a second dose of .5 c.c. The process of the manufacture of the Alum Precipitated Toxoid has been so improved that reactions, general or local, are most rare. 48 TUBERCULOSIS. 8*2 cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and 16 cases of otlยซw forms of Tuberculosis were notified during the year. There were 34 deaths from Pulmonary Tuberculosis anA k deaths from other forms of Tuberculosis. |
6f877aff-4841-4dc8-a0da-198fbca6028c | The notification death interval of the 34 patients who died from Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 1938 was: โ Information from Death Returns 5 Died within l jnouih after notification 4 Died between 1 and 3 months after notification 5 ,, 3 and 6,, 5 ,, 6 and 12,, 4 1 and 2 years ,, 3 ,, 2 and 3 ,, 3 Died over 3 years after notification 5 The following Table gives the age incidence of new cases of tuberculosis in 1938 and of the deaths from the disease in the area in 1938. CO Age Periods. New Cases. Deaths. Respiratory. Non-Respiratory Respiratory. Non-Respiratory M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. |
1d15b8a6-52fb-4c1f-9a98-03a3d07b30e4 | 0 โ โ โ โ โ โ โ 1 1 โ 2 โ โ โ โ 1 5 1 3 4 1 โ โ โ โ 15 10 12 1 4 5 4 2 1 25 14 13 1 1 8 2 โ โ 35 10 4 โ โ 6 1 โ โ 45 5 1 โ 1 5 1 โ โ 55 2 3 โ โ 1 โ โ โ 65 and upwards 2 โ 1 2 1 โ โ โ Totals 44 38 7 9 26 8 3 3 50 The following is a statement of the particulars appearing in the Register of cases of Tuberculosis on 31st December, 1938; Pulmonary. Non- Pulmonary. |
3a0ace04-c615-49ff-9b3c-fd98e1a92e81 | Total Number of Cases on the Register at the Commencement of the year 189 males 47 males 178 females 32 females 444 Number of Cases notified for the first time during the year 39 males 5 males 30 females 6 females ??? Number of Cases previously removed from the Register which have been restored thereto during the year 1 male โ males โ females 1 female Number of Cases added to the Register other than by notification 4 males 1 male 8 females 2 females 15 Number of Cases removed from the Register during the year 31 males 6 males 21 females 2 females bo Number of Cases remaining on the Register at the end of the year 20*2 males 47 males 195 females 39 females In 1938, the Tuberculosis Officer examined 40 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 5 new cases of non-pulmorary tuberculosis. 44 patients were admitted to Sanatoria under the County Scheme, and 3 were admitted to hospitals. |
11508bf8-6d5b-4971-9056-f479fc6144f7 | 51 BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS. For Diphtheria. -fatal Examinations, 2030 Positive. 235 Negative.โจ1795 Sent by Medical Practitioners 8 243 do. (re-examinations) 7 49 from Isolation Hospital 145 986 do. (re-examination) 60 206 Convalescents (1st Swabs) โ 19 Contacts (1st Swab) 7 131 do. (re-examinations) 4 42 do. (2nd examinations) 2 19 do. (re-examinations) 1 6 $ecautionary Swabs โ 81 do. (re-examinations) โ 11 School Sore Throats 1 2 (ty For Haemolytic Streptococcus. Total examinationsโ73 Positive. Negative. 73 (c) For Vincent's Angina. Total examinationsโ Positive. 1 Negative. |
07aa3d14-e28d-499b-9e59-b9fd14183da0 | (d) For Ringworm. Total examinationsโ1 Positive. Negative. 1 (e) For Tubercle. Total examinationsโ123 Positive. 22 Negative. 101 52 BIRTHS. In former reports it has been explained that at the end of the year, the Registrar-General sends the total number of births belonging to Acton which have been registered both inside and outside the district. This number has always exceeded that of the number of notified births, the excess number varying in different years. The difference depends on two factors; in the first price although the figures in both instances refer to those which belong to the calendar year, births have to be notified within 36 hours whilst a period of six weeks is allowed before a birth must be registered. As births occur fairly regularly throughout all the months of the year, little variation is observed in the notified and registered births in any given period. |
738c9512-9dd1-4fc9-bbfe-11113bb31112 | The higher number of registered births, as given by the Registrar-General at the end of the year, compared with the number of notifications received by us was due to the fact that all local authorities did not trouble to transfer the "outside births" which occurred in their areas to the authority to which they properly belong. Curiously, our number of notified live births last year exceeded the figure of total registered live births as supplied by the Registrar-General. The number given by him was 863, while the total number of births notified was 873. As we have to accept the Registrar-General's figure, the birth rate is 12.5 per 1,000 inhabitants. The number of still births registered was 40, which corresponds to an annual rate of .58 per 1,000 inhabitants, or 4.6 per cent. of the total births. The number of still births notified was 36. The ward distribution of the live births notified was:- North-East. North-West. South-East. |
2d39e79f-2ac1-4626-8adb-d40b6448f45b | South-West. 302 188 148 235 The ward distribution of the still births notified was:North-East. North-West. South-East-. South-West. 9 7 6 14 Of the 873 live births notified, 402 occurred inside the district and 471 occurred outside the district. 53 DEATHS. The methods by which inward and outward transfers are arranged have been explained in former Annual Reports. Three hundred and sixty deaths were registered in the district; of these 37 did not belong to Acton, and were transferred to the respective authorities in whose area they had resided. Three hundred and fifty-nine deaths of Acton residents accurred outside the district and have been included in our returns. The total number of deaths belonging to the Borough is, therefore, 682, which corresponds to an annual rate of 9.9 per 1,000 inhabitants. The number of deaths is considerably lower than in recent proceeding years; in fact, it is the lowest number since. |
424d150b-402e-4dc1-ba86-e987326151bb | 1926, and the death rate is, with the exception of that of 1923, the lowest on- record for the district. It has been explained in other Reports that the age-distribution of the population of the district is changing, and that the average age of the inhabitants is becoming greater, with the result that the death rate is gradually becoming higher. In order to adjust the local death rate to make it comparable with other districts, the Registrar-General issues a figure, called the comparability factor, which is based upon the age distribution and sex incidence at the Census, 1931. The comparability factor for Acton is 1.08, and when the death rate is multiplied by this factor the standardised death rate is obtained. The standard death rate of Acton is, therefore, 10.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. 54 TABLE 1. BIRTH-RATE, DEATH-RATE AND ANALYSIS OK MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1938. |
cd795279-2737-4f39-bfc6-63a65b605f0e | The Mortality rates for England and Wales refer to the whole population, but for London and the towns to civilians only. Rate per 1,000 Total Population Annual Death-rate per 1,000 Population. Rate per 1,000 Live Births All Causes Enteric Fever Small Pox Measles Scarlet Fever Whooping Cough Diphtheria Influenza Diarrhoea and Enteritis (under 2 yrs.) Total deaths under 1 year Live Births. StillBirths. England and Wales 15.1 0.60 11.6 0.00 0.00 0.04 001 0.03 0.07 0.11 5.5 53 122 County Boroughs and Great Towns, including London 15.0 0.65 11.7 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.11 7. |
af435285-203c-4ae3-b322-a65af4293049 | 8 57 148 Smaller Towns Estimated Populations, 25,000-50,000 15.4 0.60 11.0 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.06 1.1 3.6 51 London 13.4 0.48 11.4 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.06 13.1 57 Acton 12.5 0.6 10.0 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04 12.4 57 The maternal mortality rates for England and Wales are as follows:โ Puerperal Sepsis. Others. Total. |
63305570-cdae-4b77-bf49-974970fb59a4 | Per 1,000 Total Births 0.86 2.11 2.97 โ โ โ (Acton) 0 2.2 2.2 55 TABLE 2. VITAL STATISTICS FOR THE WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1938 AND PREVIOUS YEARS. Year Population estimated to Middle of each Year Births Total Deaths Registered in the District Transferable Deaths Nett Deaths belonging to the District Nett Under 1 year of Age At all Ages Number Rate Number Rate of Non-Resi- dents Registered in the District of Residents Registered outside Dist. Number Rate per 1,000 Births Number Rate per 1,000 inhabitants 1929 68,600 1026 14.96 540 7.87 21 307 85 83 826 12.04 1930 69,565 1105 15.88 440 6.33 31 284 56 50 693 9. |
7148e6d8-0f02-4a10-898e-daa27c9f28f3 | 96 1931 70,560 1018 14.43 456 6.46 35 321 62 61 742 10.52 1932 70,640 970 13.70 486 6.88 29 302 60 62 786 11.11 1933 70,300 886 12.60 492 6.99 31 329 41 46 788 11.20 1934 69,472 943 13.57 454 6.50 24 297 39 41 727 10.46 1935 68,900 868 12.60 417 6.04 41 328 51 60 704 10.20 1936 69,140 881 12.7 431 6.2 42 405 60 68 794 11.5 1937 69,100 886 12. |
7c27629c-5c37-4fa1-9f90-39c1e79f79bc | 7 396 5.7 26 378 51 57 748 10.8 1938 68,670 863 12.5 360 5.2 37 359 49 56 682 9.9 56 TABLE 3. AGES AT DEATH, AND WARD DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS IN 1938. Causes of Death. Ace in Years. Ward Distribution. |
236b12c1-8b4e-4b08-aa76-b9781a542572 | Total Under 1 year 1 and under 2 2 and under 5 5 and under 15 15 and under 25 25 and under 45 45 and under 65 65 and upwards North East North West South East South West Measles 5 โ - 4 1 โ โ โ โ 1 1 2 1 Whooping Cough 1 1 โ - โ - โ - โ 1 โ โ Diphtheria 2 1 - โ 1 โ โ โ 1 1 โ โ Encephalitis Lethargica 1 - - โ โ โ - โ 1 โ โ 1 โ Cerebro-Spinal Fever 1 1 โ โ โ โ - โ โ โ 1 Influenza 3 - โ โ โ โ 3 - 1 2 โ Pulmonary Tuberculosis 34 - - โ โ 9 17 7 1 9 9 7 9 Other t.b. 6 1 - |
9f4eff31-c49f-4b89-9c1c-d6db7216d504 | 1 - 3 โ 1 โ 1 1 2 2 Syphilis 1 - โ - โ โ 1 โ 1 โ - โ Diabetes 9 - โ โ 1 โ 4 4 3 3 2 1 Cancer 107 1 โ - 1 8 30 61 40 28 23 16 Rheumatic Fever 2 - โ 1 โ โ 1 1 1 - โ Cerebral Hรฆmorrhage 59 - - โ โ โ 1 19 39 17 16 18 8 Heart Disease 129 โ 1 1 11 29 87 38 38 31 22 Other circulatory diseases 27 - โ โ - โ - 6 22 9 11 2 5 Bronchitis 24 โ โ โ 1 7 16 7 8 1 8 Pneumonia 54 7 3 1 โ โ 4 11 |
e7e4a97f-4c21-4667-83e5-7af1df9ad305 | 28 24 10 7 13 Other respiratory diseases 6 โ โ โ - 1 โ 2 3 2 โ โ 4 Peptic Ulcer 12 - - - - - 1 8 3 4 2 2 4 Diarrhลa 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1 โ 1 Appendicitis 3 โ โ โ - - 1 โ 2 1 1 โ 1 Cirrhosis of Liver 4 โ โ โ โ โ 3 1 2 2 โ โ Other diseases of Liver 5 โ โ โ - โ 3 2 1 โ 2 2 Nephritis 20 โ โ โ - 1 2 8 9 5 10 1 4 Other diseases and accident of Parturition 2 โ โ โ - 2 โ - 1 - โ 1 Senility 45 โ โ โ - โ โ 45 23 11 2 9 |
1574bc0c-6f49-4895-adea-c190fac47448 | Cong. Debility and Prematurity 31 31 โ โ - - โ โ โ 10 6 7 8 Suicide 5 โ โ โ โ 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 Other deaths from Violence 20 - โ 1 1 2 5 7 4 5 4 8 3 Other defined diseases 69 5 - 2 - 3 17 16 19 17 19 14 22 TOTALS 682 50 3 9 4 23 72 169 352 224 186 136 135 57i TABLE 4. INFANTILE MORTALITY 1938. Disease. Ages. Wards. Total Under 1 week 1โ2 weeks 2โ3 weeks 3โ4 weeks 1โ3 months 3โ6 months 6โ9 months 9โ12 months North East North West South East South West |
b93aa29b-d956-4163-b463-d9f2453d0cf0 | Diphtheria 1 - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - Tubercular Meningitis 1 โ - โ - - โ 1 โ โ - 1 - Menigococcal Meningitis 1 โ - โ - 1 โ โ โ - - - 1 Pneumococcal Meningitis 1 โ โ โ - 1 โ - โ 1 โ - - Pneumonia 7 โ - โ - 2 2 1 2 2 โ 1 4 Oedema of Lungs 1 1 - โ - โ - โ โ - 1 - - Asphyxia 1 1 - โ - โ โ โ โ โ - 1 โ Intracranial Haemorrhage 4 3 - โ - 1 โ - โ 1 1 2 โ Haemorrhagic Disease of New Born 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - Diarrhoea 2 - |
165d0f41-9ca5-4044-95e6-8bd4cd4b9f26 | - โ - 1 1 โ - - - 1 1 Congenital Defects 8 1 1 - 1 5 โ โ - 3 1 2 2 Prematurity 11 8 - โ โ 3 โ โ โ 2 2 1 6 Atelectasis 3 2 - 1 - โ โ โ โ 1 1 1 โ Hydrocephalus 2 โ - โ - โ 1 1 โ 1 1 - โ Inhalation of Vomit 1 โ - โ - โ 1 โ โ โ 1 โ โ Acute Sinusitis 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 โ Cystic Hygroma 1 โ - โ - โ 1 โ โ 1 - - โ Erysipelas 1 โ - โ - โ โ 1 โ โ 1 โ โ Jaundice 1 1 - โ - โ โ โ โ โ 1 โ โ TOTALS |
1ad009a2-e739-4e98-8fce-23b27e9e3e78 | 49 18 1 1 1 14 7 4 3 13 11 11 14 58 TABLE 5. CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR 1938. Notifiable Disease. Cases notified in whole District. At AgesโYears. Ward Distribution. At all Ages Under 1 1 to 5 5 to 15 15 to 25 25 to 45 45 to 65 Over 65 North East North West South East South West Scarlet Fever 160 - 40 98 9 12 1 - M 29 31 47 Diphtheria 19 1 5 9 2 1 1 โ 5 3 4 7 Pneumonia 42 5 11 8 1 13 2 2 10 7 11 14 Erysipelas 23 - 2 2 1 9 7 2 |
b5bbd16b-4a49-4ef2-b48b-70d86b44c052 | 1 9 4 9 Puerperal Pyrexia 2 โ โ โ 1 1 - - 1 - - 1 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 4 4 โ โ โ โ โ โ 1 - 4 1 Poliomyelitis 1 โ โ โ 1 โ โ โ โ 1 โ - Cerebro-Spinal Fever . 1 โ 1 โ - - โ โ โ โ - 1 Dysentery 3 1 1 1 โ โ โ โ 1 1 - 1 Tuberculosis (reap.) |
e2de0564-fe1d-4260-b3cb-78626a7cfcdc | 82 โ 2 4 22 41 11 2 32 12 17 21 Tuberculosis (other) 16 - - 5 5 2 1 3 4 2 7 3 TOTALS 355 11 62 127 42 79 23 9 105 63 79 105 59 OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. Cases. Vision unimpaired. Vision impaired. Total Blindness. Deaths. Notified. Treated. At home. In hospital. 4 2 2 4 โ โ - 60 TABLE 6. CASES REMOVED TO HOSPITAL. Total Notified. |
bf2b1f5a-0d11-45ed-aa9a-76b39c1bfbef | Scarlet Fever 135 160 Diphtheria 19 19 Pneumonia 21 42 Puerperal Pyrexia 1 2 Erysipelas 15 23 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 2 4 Cerebro-Spinal Fever 1 1 Dysentery 3 3 Poliomyelitis 1 1 BIRTHS. TABLE 7. Live Births. Male. Female. . Total 440 423 863 Legitimate 422 407 829 Illegitimate 18 16 34 Still Births. Total 21 19 40 Illegitimate 1 1 2 Legitimate 20 18 38 Notified Live Births. Ward Distribution. Total. N. East. N. West. S. East. S. West. |
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