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bcf3a1f6-93d2-494f-9bd1-9ce40f1a5615 | The larger the family the worse off are its members, because wages are not based upon the number of children to be fed. We have recently come across the following which are given as instances of the hardships which must result. A motor-driver with wife and seven children earned 40/- a week and paid 16/- rent. Husband in the navy, four children, navy allowance 45 /-, rent 20/-. Porter, four children, stated to be earning 40/- a week, with three children, paying 21/- a week rent. These cases represent a large class in which the crux of the problem lies in the poverty of the overcrowded families. They cannot afford high rent. Their poverty has forced them into small dwellings and shuts off their escape. With growing families overcrowding becomes inevitable and increasing cost of nutrition puts increase of rent out of the question. |
dcc7a21c-a8a0-4d47-aa9b-5d07ebd26367 | Owing to the proximity of industries, the demand for houses here exceeds the supply and forces up the rents, and unless some system is devised for assessing a fair rent apart from the demand, the conditions are likely to continue As far as the children are concerned we have no option at present but to supply free milk to the families of the unemployed, and frequently also to those who are fully employed. These matters are more directly within the domain of the Maternity and Child Welfare Committee and the Education Committee and are being dealt with by these Committees. With free milk, free school meals and charitable and philanthropic means, the hunger of children in 31 large families in poor circumstances is partly mitigated, but no one imagines that this state of affairs is satisfactory. They are mentioned in this connection, because we are apt sometimes to look upon the question of overcrowding apart from the factors which enter into the causation, and which have more far reaching effects than the overcrowding itself. |
de506fee-166c-41a5-8d3b-c8be63b577a4 | Number of Houses erected during the year:β (a) Total (including number given separately under (b) 124 (b) With State assistance under the Housing Acts:β (i) By the Local Authority β (ii) By other bodies or persons β Section E. INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD. (a) Milk Supply. There are no cowsheds in the Borough, all the milk being produced outside. There are 120 persons or firms retailing milk in the district under the following categories:β Dairymen. Purveyors of Milk No. with rounds net occupying premises in the Borough. No. with rounds ocupying premises in the Borough. No. of General shops from which milk is sold from covered pans only No. of shops from which milk is sold in closed and unopened receptacles only 13 16 2 89 32 Special Designated Milk. |
fab5183b-f8c3-47fc-bc55-b1e41202a3c0 | The number of persons or firms licensed to sell Special Designated Milk is as follows:β 5 Tuberculin Tested. 1 Tuberculin Tested (Supplementary Licence). 3 Accredited. 13 Pasteurised. 2 Pasteurised (Supplementary Licence). 3 Pasteurised (No licence fee payable by Express Dairy Co. Ltd.)* 27 *The Express Dairy Co. have a pasteurising plant at No. 100 Bollo Lane. (b) Meat Inspection. There is no change of conditions. There are two slaughter houses in the district; in one of these a whole-time meat inspector is engaged on the duties of inspection. The other slaughterhouse deals almost entirely with Kosher meat. In the memorandum of the Ministry of Health a table has been inserted for the first time which will be very useful to local authorities. In last year's report I gave particulars of the practices in different areas, and the marked variation in the percentage of carcases and organs destroyed. |
38d76d30-295a-49e2-afbb-c46b489c808c | It was pointed out that dissatisfaction existed amongst those who were engaged in some branches of the meat trade, but we can now, at any rate, show-to what extent inspection is made. In addition to the Table required by the Ministry, certain further particulars have been furnished. 33 CARCASES INSPECTED AND CONDEMNED. Cattle, excluding Cows Cows Calves Sheep & Lambs Pigs 1. Number killed 7 4 12,688 3,793 42,601 2. Number inspected 7 4 12,688 3,793 42,601 3. |
c3df575f-d21b-4229-8f12-23d1bf0ea822 | All diseases EXCEPT TUBERCULOSISβ Whole carcases condemned β 1 67 5 2 Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 1 1 195 627 5 Percentage of the number inspected affected with disease other than Tuberculosis 14.2% 50% 2.06% 16.6% 0.016% 4. TUBERCULOSIS ONLYβ Whole carcases condemned 1 2 14 β 38 Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 1 β 62 β 2,205 Percentage of the number inspected affected with Tuberculosis 28.5% 50% 0.59% β 5.26% 34 NUMBER OF PIGS' CARCASES INSPECTED FROM 1st JANUARY TO 31st DECEMBER, 1937 WITH ANALYSIS OF SURRENDERS ON ACCOUNT OF DISEASE. 1937 No. of Carcases Inspected. |
9ee379a0-1dea-4f24-9730-afdcbd0772fa | No. of Heads Diseased. No. of Carcases Diseased. No. of Sides Diseased. No. of Fore Quarters Diseased. No. of Hind Quarters Diseased. No. of Legs Diseased. No. of Shoulders Diseased. Plucks (Lungs, Livers and Hearts). Mesenteries, Stomachs and Intestines Pieces of Pork. January 4316 233 4 β 6 β β β 181 728 lbs. βlbs. |
de44f2ec-5cbf-4581-bd4d-d6f135069f9d | February 3275 191 7 1 2 1 β β 121 526 β β β March 2343 198 3 β 4 2 β β 156 478 β β β April 4090 221 2 β 2 5 1 β 115 497 β β β May 4017 186 3 β 2 β β β 128 502 β β β June 3454 183 1 β 2 β β β 122 189 , β β July 3129 113 3 1 2 β β β 122 216 β β β August 3208 111 1 β 4 β β β 128 β β β September 3917 176 4 β 2 2 β β 191 417 β β β October 3841 231 6 2 2 β β β 201 290 β β β November 2938 208 3 β β β β β 138 β 38 , |
4bf29829-e9ff-4938-8392-4d6d738192c4 | December 4073 140 3 β 6 4 β β 127 β β β Total 42601 2192 40 4 33 14 1 β 1730 3843 β 38 β 35 (2). Adulteration. The Middlesex County Council is the authority under the Food & Drugs Act, and I am obliged to their officials for the following information:β List of samples taken during the year ended 31st December, 1937. Article. Taken. Adulterated. Milk 88 β Cream Pastries 1 β Hake 1 β Jam 1 β Lamb's Liver 13 1 Lemon Spread 1 β Vinegar 6 2 Whisky 6 1 117 4 Number of Prosecutions 2 Number of Convictions 2 SECTION F.- PREVALENCE AND CONTROL OVER INFECTIOUS AND OTHER DISEASES. |
5a59ec6f-0cdf-4e30-804a-0c9e2f6072e6 | At the end of the Report a Table is given showing the incidence of the compulsory notifiable infectious diseases, and the following received special attention during the year. DIPHTHERIA. 69 cases of Diphtheria were notified and there were 5 deaths compared with 15 notifications and 2 deaths in 1936. Since we started artificial immunization in 1932 until last year there had been a gradual decline in the incidence and morbidity of the disease in the district as the following figures will show:β 1932 151 cases 21 deaths. 1933 161 β 23 β 1934 86 β 7 β 1935 80 β 8 β 1936 15 β 2 β 1937 69 ,, 5 ,, 36 It is now generally agreed that apart from active immunization, no substantial reduction in the incidence and morbidity of the disease can be expected. |
a1aaa220-67ea-4cd4-8b9b-e6e6f934b072 | At the second International Congress for Microbiology held in London in July, 1936, some remarkable figures were given by the readers of some of the papers. For instance, Hamilton, Ontario, a city with 150,000 inhabitants was the first city of that size in Canada to control diphtheria effectively. There have been no deaths in Hamilton since 1930 and no cases since 1933. This record speaks for itself. Other instances almost as striking were given. No town in this country can be compared with this because it is found difficult and even impossible to keep up the hard immunity; immigration and apathy militate against our efforts to keep up the immunity. In last year's report it was pointed out that one of the dangers which we had to face was the comparative freedom of the district from diphtheria. |
8edfcee0-5af6-4245-b75d-a10352eab734 | In the second half of 1936 only 2 cases of diphtheria occurred here; the parents become apathetic and neglect to have their children immunized, and 1936 was one of our poorest in the matter of immunization. It is impossible in the case of diphtheria to state what is cause and effect. The recorded morbidity rates of diphtheria are the resultant of different influences in different periods. But it is significant that the lull in our immunization in 1936, was followed by a sharp rise in the incidence of diphtheria in 1937. The following table gives the number of children inoculated in the five years. Under 5. 5β7 yrs. 7β15 yrs. |
2072306e-58ac-4ec0-9684-e8d726788746 | November 1932βDecember 1933 406 619 1678 1934 328 377 203 1935 284 393 62 1936 170 111 41 1937 333 340 33 In 1936, 246 children were Schick tested after six months 21 of whom were found to be positive and were given one more dose; 262 were Schick tested after 3 years, 54 of whom were found to be positive and were given one more dose. 382 were given one more dose after 3 years without Schick testing. In 1937, 241 children were Schick tested after 6 months and of these 10 were positive and were given another dose. 401 children were re-inoculated after 3 years. We have altered our procedure several times since we began. At the start we used T.A.M. or T.A.F. and gave three doses at the 37 usual intervals. |
e2ffbb21-57e8-431e-bb61-6a4edde20311 | With the development of the manufacture of the immunizing agent, we changed over to the use of Formol Toxoid βF.T. The results of the use of T.A.M. appeared to be quite Successful, but in this matter we are to a very great extent in the hands of the bacteriologists and those who can carry out experiments on animals. The length of time necessary in field epidemiology in a comparatively new product is too long, and we have to adapt our procedure in accordance with the results of experimental epidemielogy. The only objection to the use of Formol Toxoid was the necessity of giving three doses before immunity was established. Its use was remarkably free from any undesirable or unpleasant reactions, and the immunity which resulted from its use appeared to be satisfactory. In 1936, we again changed over to the use of A.P.T. Alum Precipitated Toxoid, for the simple reason that we were advised of the potency of two doses. |
c5af58e5-99ce-467b-9734-930a0a506f8d | In the case of young children it is a decided advantage if immunity can be established with two doses instead of three. As far as we are concerned it has been found that there is a decided advantage in two doses instead of rhree; a certain proportion of the children did not turn up for the third inoculation. As a test of immunity we are dependent upon the Schick test; no other method of testing is practicable with the staff at our disposal. The Schick test is an instrument which has yielded valuable information in the epidemiology of diphtheria, but its inherent limitations must be admitted even when higher and more uniform standards have been perfected. The standards are not identical, Messrs. Burroughs Wellcome have supplied us with a four-fold schick toxin and we have used this for the past two years. It has been pointed out in previous reports that the percentage of positive reactors is much higher when this stronger toxin is used than with the ordinary Schick Toxin which is generally used. |
b6754125-1686-455c-aeff-96a24a75d274 | To young children a Schick Test is frequently a bigger ordeal than a single inoculation, and most parents prefer to have their children re-inoculated when they enter school, than to have them Schick tested, especially as a certain percentage may prove to be positive reactors, and require to be re-inoculated after the test. Since we Commenced immunization, there has been no death in a fully immunized child. Every year we have given details of the cases of diphtheria in immunized children. Last year 7 cases were notified in children who had been immunized. Two of these on wrongly diagnosed. In both cases there were no clinical signs on admission to hospital and the results of the swabs taken were negative. One was admitted on January 12th and discharged on January 15th and the other was admitted on November 10th and discharged on November 15th. 38 Two of the cases were carriers. |
4990472a-dfa3-4502-b6e8-3d39121eda26 | The three cases in which clinical signs were present were very mild, and their stay in hospital was 9 days, 24 days and 25 days respectively. There were 3 cases in which the children had had one inoculationβ1 of these was inoculated on the day before the notification. Diphtheria had occurred in the house and the parents wished the child to be inoculated. The two others had received one inoculation less than 3 weeks before notification. WHOOPING COUGH. Throughout the year 1937 whooping cough was prevalent in the district, and although there were only three deaths registered as being caused by the disease, it resulted in much interference with the work of the infants' departments of the schools, and especially that of the nursery schools and the day nursery. |
d9d3f87e-a672-418a-a469-7bce2cb6fda4 | Whooping cough does not cause as many deaths as Measles in Acton, but owing to the length of time in which a case is infectious, and also the lengthy periods of its maximum incidence in a district, it causes more interference than most other diseases in day nurseries and infant schools. Whooping cough is notoriously one of the most difficult diseases to control and treat. Its prevention arises from the difficulty of diagnosis; in its early stages clinical diagnosis is not only difficult but almost impossible; the cough at first does not differ from the ordinary coughs which are prevalent amongst children in the colder months, and it is well-known that whooping cough is infectious from the early catarrhal stage of the cough, and before the appearance of the whoop or of spasmodic attacks. What is considered its sole characteristic is late and inconstant in its appearance. |
847e2b46-0ec2-4810-b46d-56f2dbcc2492 | It has been suggested that the name whooping cough should be abandoned, and it should be called pertussis to wean the obsession of the medical profession that a whoop is essential. In a recent school epidemic one-fifth of the cases did not whoop at all and did not even have the recognisable spasmodic coughs. The difficulty of diagnosis in these cases, of course, is obvious in most epidemics these cases are a very small minority; but, as stated, even in those who develop the characteristic whoop, early diagnosis and segregation is almost impossible by clinical method alone. For many years bacteriologists have worked at the problem. and it seems likely that they have succeeded in isolating the germ which is the cause of the disease. The claims of the bacteriologist that the specific bacillus of whooping cough has been isolated were 39 confested, and there are still some persons who think that the disease is caused by a virus and that the bacillus is only a secondary invader. |
9ebbb90e-6177-488a-be25-a603243958c9 | It is now acknowledged by most persons that the cause is a small haemophilic bacillus called at first the Bordet-Gengou bacillus, now generally known as Bacillus Haemophilus Pertussis. This is mentioned because during the early summer, through the kindness of Dr. Ian McLean working in the Inoculation Department of St. Mary's Hospital, bacteriological examination of the sputum of early whooping cough cases were examined, and a vaccine was used for prophylactic purposes in the Day Nursery. Our figures are too small for any statistical purposes, but it may be stated that in the few cases which were examined and were found to contain the haetmophylic bacillus, they subsequently developed the typical whoop and a diagnosis was made on bacteriological grounds some days before a clinical diagnosis could have been possible. The bacteriological tests though, are expensive and elaborate, and it is not practicable to carry them out as a routine, except in special circumstances. |
1d0477f3-6252-44a3-89b6-2ea1d54be376 | The tests may be possible in the case of boarding and private schools, but not in the elementary schools under present conditions. Very extensive investigations have been carried out, in fact, into the effect of vaccine treatment, but most of them have been tried as curative and not as prophylactics. The curative effect of the vaccine has in most cases been a failure, but prophylactic injections have succeeded in attenuating an attack even when they have not been completely successful in the entire prevention. It is not easy to obtain plate cultures from young children, As we found at the Day Nursery. Dr. McLean very kindly supplied us with vaccine for prophylactic treatment at the Day Nursery, and 16 children were treated by it. All the children had been in contact with whooping cough. Two of the children had had only one dose of the vaccine when the cough assumed the typical whoop, and they did not have any more vaccine, but were excluded from the Day Nursery. |
60bc6492-8a3f-4926-b217-faef5bfeace2 | Two other children had only two doses each when they left the Nursery. One of these had had a cough for some time before receiving the first dose. The cough had not improved when he left, and he developed the characteristic whoop after he left. Twelve children received the full dose of six injections given at intervals of three to four days and stretching over a period of 28 days. Not one of these developed a cough which could have been diagnosed as whooping cough. Two of these had slight coughs when they received their first injection; the cough persisted throughout the period of 28 days, but it did not become spasmodic. One child developed a slight cough after the first dose and another developed a sight cough after receiving the fourth dose. The other six children were quite free of coughs throughout the treatment and did not hive whooping cough. 40 Some of the children attending our Child-Welfare Clinics were also given some of the vaccine. |
dbfb4848-8ab9-4888-8bc6-5ea00b453827 | The figures are too small for any proof but in view of the extreme infectiousness of the disease, and the liability of most young children to contract it when exposed to the infection, we are of the opinion that its use was beneficial and that some were saved from an attack and that others had whooping cough in an attenuated form. Its prophylactic use undoubtedly opens a field of inquiry and usefulness in Day Nurseries and childrens' wards in hospital. Persons in charge of these institutions know how difficult it is to prevent the admission of children who may be suffering from coughs which are the early stages of whooping cough, and how easily the disease can be spread. INFLUENZA. There was an increase in the number of deaths from Influenza. |
dde82210-aec0-40a1-bbcb-30390818db14 | The years 1934, 1935, and 1936 were particularly free of Influenza, but in December, 1936, there was a widespread increase in the incidence of Influenza throughout the kingdom, and, we, in common with all districts in and around London, suffered from the visitation. At one time, Influenza was so widespread and prevalent in the district that the Council decided to open a ward at the fever hospital for the accommodation of patients suffering from the disease. We had heard of instances where every member of the family had been stricken at the same time, and there was no one to attend the patients. Although not of a severe type, the incidence was widespread. Yet, when accommodation was offered only two persons took advantage of the facilities; the reason probably was, as started above, the mild type of the outbreak. |
65336d31-8e88-4b0a-be9d-21cad5a064c2 | Influenza is a disease with which we are all familiar, and a certain train of symptoms are usually associated with it, but it is admitted that our knowledge of the disease is lacking in exactness One reason is the fact that the term Influenza has been used to designate a variety of conditions in which the upper respiratory tract is involved. The Influenza which occurs in epidemic years, is probably a virus disease, but many of the outbreaks which occur in non-epidemic years and are termed Influenzas are not caused at any rate by the same virus. A great deal of prominence was given to last year's epidemic in the lay press because of the fact that the disease could be reproduced in ferrets, and great hopes were raised that a serum or a vaccine would be found for the illness. If we are dealing with a virus disease, it differs in some respects from most virus diseases, though in other respects. Its behaviour is similar to that of other known virus diseases. |
4a8d0f0b-ae6c-4336-b534-d9accd95c5e4 | The epidemic last year spread very rapidly, and quickly reached its peak It was widely prevalent here for about a month. Its spread in a 41 particular district can be explained by droplet infection; there are so many sufferers that its spread by this means can easily be imagined, but its progress throughout the country is difficult to explain on this hypothesis alone, so rapidly may it spread from one end of the country to the other. All our twenty-eight deaths occurred in January and February. In one respect Influenza differs markedly from most virus diseases; an attack does not confer immunity upon an individual. The most familiar virus diseases in this country are Small-pox, Chicken-pox and Measles, and it is well-known that an attack of any one of these diseases confers an immunity that in most instances lasts a lifetime, but it is a common experience that some persons are peculiarly liable to Influenza, and suffer from it at each epidemic. |
0ad7907e-c5dc-4f6a-b9c3-9876f643163f | In the epidemic of last year, as in others, this was noticed by the doctors, and evidently repeated attacks do not confer any lasting immunity. The age-distribution of the deaths from Influenza also points to the same conclusion. Most of the deaths were in elderly people; last year only two deaths occurred in persons under 45 years of age; 13 deaths occurred in persons between 45 and 65 years of age, and 12 in persons over 65 years of age. TUBERCULOSIS. 77 cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and 13 cases of other forms of Tuberculosis were notified during the year. There were 37 deaths from Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 2 deaths from other forms of Tuberculosis. |
670f5f88-1029-4ae0-93b1-41d7759525a3 | The notification-death interval of the 37 patients who died from Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 1937 was:β Information from Death Returns 4 Died within 1 month after notification 6 Died between 1 and 3 months after notification 5 β β 3 and 6 ,, ,, ,, 3 β β 6 and 12 ,, ,, ,, 5 β β 1 and 2 years ,, β 5 β β 2 and 3 β β β 2 Died over 3 years after notification 7 The following table gives the age incidence of new cases of tuberculosis in 1937 and of the deaths from the disease in the area in 1937. 42 Age Periods. New Cases. Deaths. Respiratory. Non-Respiratory Respiratory. Non-Respiratory M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. |
8a5963da-b428-49ee-ba2f-71f961b7ce85 | 0β β β β β β β β β 1β β β 1 β β β β β 5β 1 1 β 2 2 1 β β 15β 10 17 1 3 6 4 β β 25β 13 9 1 3 4 3 β β 35β 3 8 2 1 2 3 β β 45β 5 2 β β 4 1 1 β 55β 10 β β β 3 1 β β 65 and upwards 3 2 β 1 2 1 β 1 Totals 45 34 5 10 23 14 1 1 48 The following is a statement of the particulars appearing in the Register of cases of Tuberculosis on 31st December, |
1db5d17c-56d1-4850-a43a-fc4750b91306 | 1937:β Pulmonary Non-Pulmonary Total Number of Cases on the Register at the commencement of the year 174 males 45 males 412 167 females 26 females Number of Cases notified for the first time during the year 41 males 4 males 82 29 females 8 females Number of Cases previously removed from the Register which have been restored thereto during the year 2 males β males 2 β females β females Number of Cases added to the Register other than by notification 4 males 1 male 12 5 females 2 females Number of Cases removed from the Register during the year 32 males 3 males 62 23 females 4 females Number of Cases remaining on the Register at the end of the year 189 males 47 males 446 178 females 32 females In 1937, the Tuberculosis Officer examined 40 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 5 new cases of non-pulmonary tuberculosis. |
fda8824f-a8b0-4acf-9072-c87365a65fe1 | 41 patients were admitted to Sanatoria under the County Scheme, and 7 were admitted to hospitals. 44 ISOLATION HOSPITAL. 688 cases were admitted during the year, compared with 583 during 1936. On January 1st, 1936, there were 44 cases in the hospital and on January 1st, 1937, there were 40. The following table gives a list of the cases admitted, together with the diseases from which the patients suffered. Acton. Wembley. Other districts. Total. |
68e7e232-e934-4a71-9ed1-1d3e15b36596 | Scarlet Fever 180 332 1 513 Diphtheria 70 61 β 131 Measles 9 5 β 14 Erysipelas 3 7 β 10 Whooping Cough 9 5 β 14 Influenza 1 1 1 3 Mumps 1 1 β 2 Eczema β 1 β 1 There were 11 deaths which were distributed as follows:β Diphtheria Measles. Whooping-Cough. Acton 6 2 1 Wembley 2 β β On 10 Scarlet Fever patients complete mastoidectomies were performed and on 3 of these cases operations were performed or both sides. A similar operation was performed in 1 case of Measles. BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS. (a) For Diphtheria Positive. Negative. |
b321daf2-4913-42fc-856c-b545686780e6 | Total Examinations 1693 118 1575 Sent by Medical Practitioners 14 233 do. (re-examinations) β 23 45 Sent from Isolation Hospital 51 713 do. (re-examination) 1 34 Convalescents (1st Swabs) 1 18 do. (2nd β ) β 1 Contacts 7 233 do. (2nd examinations) 13 26 do. (3rd ,, ) 4 6 Precautionary Swabs 5 124 do. (2nd Swabs) β 4 School Sore Throats β 16 (b) For Ringworm Positive. Negative. Total Examinationsβ3 β 3 (c) For Tubercle Positive. Negative. Total Examinationsβ182 22 160 BIRTHS. Table 7 has been made out in the same form as in recent years. |
fda68efb-ac56-49e6-9a17-5812f28dff40 | The total number of deaths is obtained from the Registrargeneral, and included all the births which belong to the district wherever they may have been registered throughout the kingdom. The registered births numbered 885, 5 more than in 1936, 444 males and 442 females, and correspond to an annual birthrate of 12.8 per 1,000 inhabitants. This is 0.1 per 1,000 higher than the birth-rate of 1936. The still-births numbered 32, and corresponded to a rate of 0.46 per l,000 inhabitants and 3.6 per cent. of the total births. The birth-rate for England and Wales was 14.9 per 1,000, and for the 125 County Boroughs and Great Towns was 14.9, and for the Administrative County of London, 13.3. We have not a complete record of the births registered outside, and therefore a correct allocation into wards is not possible. |
45243956-8b68-4522-9c41-149a13502343 | 46 Our records refer to 846 births and the Ward Distribution does not include 40 of the births. The ward distribution of the 846 was as follows:β North-East. North-West. South-East. South-West. Inside Births 132 90 63 129 Outside Births 144 104 73 111 Total 276 194 136 240 Most of the outside births occurred in the Central Middle sex Hospital, with 286 live and 15 still births; the next in popularity or more correctly, availability was Queen Charlotte's Hospital, with 52 confinements. The question of institutional confinements has been discussed in previous annual reports and the popularity of maternity hospitals and nursing homes is still evident. The effect of the domiciliary service under the Midwives Act is not yet apparent as the scheme did not come into operation until 1st October 1937. |
def012e6-8bed-4281-9cdf-8b21a01ee18b | One of the objects of the Act is to popularise home confinements and make them safer, and it remains to be seen whether its operation will counteract the increasing popularity of institutional confinements. One surpriseing item in the figures is the fact that relatively domiciliary midwifery is more popular in the South West Ward than in the others. DEATHS. The method by which the inward and outward transfer are arranged have been explained in former Annual Reports, and it was stated that last year for the first time a discrepancy had occurred between the total number of deaths as supplied by the Register General at the end of the year and quarterly returns. I then mentioned a possible cause of the discrepancy: the registration and the municipal areas do not correspond. Although over three years have elapsed since the re-arrangement of the boundaries between Acton & Brentford and Chiswick was completed the old registration areas still obtain. |
0a7e4530-7f82-46e3-9fd8-b7dbe5d5a5a0 | 47 The same difficulty occurred last year; the RegistrarGeneral's total is 750; ours is 748. 396 deaths were registered in the district; of these 26 did not belong to Acton and were transferred to other districts, 378 deaths of Acton residents occurred outside the area and have been included in our returns. The total number of deaths belonging to the district according to these returns is 748; this number corresponds to a death-rate of 10.8 per 1,000 inhabitants. The death-rate for England & Wales was 12.4 per 1,000, for the 125 County Boroughs and Great Towns, 12.5, and for the Administrative county of London 12.3. In previous reports it has been explained that the RegistrarGeneral issues a figure for adjusting the local death-rate to make it comparable with other districts. This figure is called the comparability factor, and is based upon the age distribution and sex incidence of the district at the Census of 1931. |
9031037d-3c11-42ea-b22f-e3bd3f57ec3b | The comparability factor for Acton is 1.08, and when the death-rate is multiplied by this factor, the standardised death-rate is obtained. The standard death -rate of Acton is therefore 11.6. The number of deaths is 46 less than in 1936 and the deathrate 0.7 per 1,000 inhabitants lower. There has been a decrease in the number of deaths at all ages except in the age-periods 1β2 years and 5β15 years. In the latter age-period there was an increase of 4, mostly accounted for by the 3 deaths from Diphtheria. Although there was a decrease in the number of deaths over 65 years of age, the percentage of deaths at this age was slightly higher than in 1936. 401 or over 53 per cent. of the deaths occurred in hospitals; an addition 21 died in nursing homes. |
fd210af6-ec10-43ca-a625-4b2ff491dcb2 | 32 inquests were held, and 28 deaths were certified by the Coroner after a post-mortem examination without an inquest. 48 TABLE 1. BIRTH-RATE, DEATH-RATE AND ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY DURING THE YEAR 1937. The Mortality rates for England and Wales refer to the whole population, but for London and the towns to civilians only. Rate per 1,000 Total Population Annual Death-rate per 1,000 Population. Rate per 1,000 Live Births Live Births. StillBirths. All Causes Enteric Fever Small Pox Measles Scarlet Fever Whooping Cough Diphtheria Influenza Violence Diarrhoea and Enteritis (under 2 yrs.) Total deaths under 1 year England and Wales 14.9 0.60 12.4 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.07 0. |
eae51b77-18f3-4469-859a-68462b260a3e | 45 0.54 5.6 58 122 County Boroughs and Great Towns, including London 14.9 0.67 12.5 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.39 0.45 7.9 62 143 Smaller Towns Estimated Populations, 25,000-50,000 15.3 0.54 11.9 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.42 0.42 3.2 55 London 13.3 0.54 12.3 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.38 0.51 12.0 60 Acton 12.8 0.4 10.8 0.01 0. |
283a676c-ebae-4b75-96b4-58ab4459c86f | 00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.04 12.4 57 The maternal mortality rates for England and Wales are as follows:β Puerperal Sepsis. Others. Total. per 1,000 Total Births 0.94 2.17 3.11 β β β β (Acton) 1.1 1.1 2.2 49 TABLE II. VITAL STATISTICS FOR THE WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1937 AND PREVIOUS YEARS. Year Papulation estimated to Middle of each Year Births Total Deaths Registered in the District Transferable Deaths Nett Deaths belonging to the District Nett Under 1 year of Age At all Ages Number Rate Number Rate of Non-Residents Registered in the District of Residents Registered outside Dist. Number Rate per 1,000 Births N umber Rate per 1,000 inhabitants 1928 67, |
c4ffb321-8499-4b40-a736-0523cb0ba0b4 | 645 1003 14.83 479 7.08 29 244 55 55 694 10.26 1929 68,600 1026 14.96 540 7.87 21 307 85 83 826 12.04 1930 69,565 1105 15.88 440 6.33 31 284 56 50 693 9.96 1931 70,560 1018 14.43 456 6.46 35 321 62 61 742 10.52 1932 70,640 970 13.70 486 6.88 29 302 60 62 786 11.11 1933 70,300 886 12.60 492 6.99 31 329 41 46 788 11.20 1934 69,472 943 13.57 454 6. |
4abb7233-e643-4c04-9885-b9415c62960a | 50 24 297 39 41 727 10.46 1935 68,960 868 12.60 417 6.04 41 328 51 60 704 10.20 1936 69,140 881 12.7 431 6.2 42 405 60 68 794 11.5 1937 69,100 886 12.7 396 5.7 26 378 51 57 748 10.8 50 TABLE III. AGES AT DEATH, AND WARD DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS IN 1937. Causes of Death. Age in Years. Ward Distribution. Total Under 1 year 1 and under 2 2 and under 5 5 and under 15 15 and under 25 25 and under 45 45 and under 65 65 and upwards North East North West South East South West Measles 2 |
b5402bb9-25eb-4ea4-85cf-950ed0eb868c | β 2 β β β β β β 1 β 1 β Whooping Cough 3 1 2 β β β β β β 1 β 1 1 Diphtheria 6 1 β 2 3 β β β β 1 β β 5 Enteric Fever 1 β β β β β 1 β β 1 β β β Cerebro-Spinal Fever 2 β 2 β β β β β β β β β 2 Poliomyelitis 1 β β β β 1 β β β β β 1 β Influenza 28 β β β β β 2 14 12 11 3 4 10 Syphilis 1 β β β β β β 1 β β β β 1 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 37 β β β 2 10 12 8 5 12 6 9 10 Other T.B. 2 β β β 1 β β 1 β β |
6476c568-e2dc-43e2-8e3f-d759d2643468 | 1 β 1 Diabetes 13 β β β 1 β β 4 8 3 4 β 6 Cancer 119 β β β β 1 14 64 40 34 29 28 28 Cerebral HΓ¦morrhage 54 β β β β β β 14 40 11 17 11 15 Heart Disease 139 β β β 2 1 6 38 92 38 32 35 34 Other circulatory diseases 24 β β β β β 1 7 16 8 7 1 8 Bronchitis 41 β 1 β β 1 β 10 29 15 10 5 11 Pneumonia 52 8 3 β β 1 5 15 20 11 19 9 13 Other respiratory diseases 6 β β β β β 1 3 2 2 2 β 2 Peptic Ulcer 11 β β β β β |
c9c46f8e-60fb-4427-b72d-55bd3610718d | β 8 3 6 2 1 2 DiarrhΕa 11 11 β β β β β β β 3 2 2 4 Appendicitis 8 β β β 1 β 1 3 3 β 3 4 1 Cirrhosis of Liver 2 β β β β β β 1 1 β 1 β 1 Other diseases of Liver 3 β β β β β β 3 β 3 β β β Nephritis 12 β β β β β β 6 6 3 4 2 3 Puerperal Sepsis 1 β β β β β 1 β β 1 β β β Other diseases and accident of Parturition 1 β β β β β 1 β β β β β 1 Senility 52 β β β β β β β 52 18 11 11 12 Cong. |
931914fd-93e6-4f6b-9197-5ff1fd4473bb | Debility and Prematurity 24 24 β β β β β β β 4 2 4 14 Suicide 8 β β β β 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 β Other deaths from Violence 27 3 β β 2 5 5 7 5 7 9 5 6 Other defined diseases 57 3 β 1 3 2 6 20 22 10 14 17 16 Totals 748 51 10 3 15 24 57 228 858 206 180 155 207 51 TABLE IV. INFANTILE MORTALITY 1937. Causes of Death. Ages. Wards. Total Under 1 week 1β2 weeks 2β3 weeks 3β4 weeks 1β3 months 3β6 months 6β9 months 9β12 months North East North West South East South West |
5a217b77-1c2f-4d2f-af8b-bf2766e08156 | Whooping-Cough 1 β β β β β β 1 β β 1 β β Diphtheria 1 β β β β β β β 1 β β β 1 Pneumonia 8 β β β β 2 1 5 β 2 1 1 4 Pulmonary Haemorrhage 1 1 β β β β β β β β β β 1 Pneumococcal Meningitis 1 β β β β β β 1 β β β β 1 Diarrhoea 11 β β β β 5 4 2 β 3 2 2 4 Prematurity 18 14 β β 1 3 β β β 2 2 3 11 Congenital Defects 2 1 β β β 1 β β β β β β β Atelectasis 2 2 β β β β β β β β β 1 1 Marasmus 2 β β β β 1 β |
0034b054-1309-4b3f-a41e-dde6f0568ed7 | β 1 β β β 2 Haemorrhagic Disease of New Born 1 1 β β β β β β β β β 1 β Inhalation of Vomit 2 β β β β β β β β 1 β β 1 Accidentally drowned 1 β β β β 1 β β β 1 β β β TOTALS 51 19 β β 1 13 5 9 2 11 6 8 26 52 TABLE V. CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR 1937. Notifiable Disease. Cases notified in whole District. At AgesβYears. Ward Distribution. At all Ages Under 1 1 to 5 5 to 15 15 to 25 25 to 45 15 to 65 Over 65 North East North West South East South West Scarlet Fever 207 1 42 135 13 16 β β 37 55 56 59 |
09b24aec-9850-49a2-a0fd-acbd94561b85 | Diphtheria 69 β 24 39 3 3 β β 8 7 11 43 Pneumonia 73 5 9 6 9 10 20 14 27 13 16 17 Erysipelas 24 β β 1 3 4 11 5 9 2 3 10 Puerperal Pyrexia 8 β β β 3 5 β β 5 1 1 1 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 4 4 β β β β β β 1 β β 3 Paratyphoid 1 β β 1 β β β β β 1 β β Typhoid 1 β β β 1 β β β β 1 β β Cerebro-spinal Fever 2 1 β β β β β β 1 1 β 1 Dysentery 1 β β 1 β β β β β β β 1 Tuberculosis (resp.) |
48a648fa-ceb4-4d59-982e-849e5face892 | 79 β β 2 27 28 17 5 28 18 14 19 Tuberculosis (other) 15 β 1 2 4 7 β 1 5 4 3 3 TOTALS 484 11 77 187 63 73 48 25 120 103 104 157 53 OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. Cases. Vision unimpaired. Vision impaired. Total Blindness. Deaths. Notified. Treated. At home. In hospital. 4 1 3 3 β β 1 54 TABLE 6. CASES REMOVED TO HOSPITAL. Total Notified. |
4043bc52-4879-4c87-8e83-1e93c027d359 | Scarlet Fever β 183 207 Diphtheria β 69 69 Pneumonia β 51 73 Puerperal Pyrexia β 6 8 Erysipelas β 9 24 Ophthalmia Neonatorum β 3 4 Paratyphoid β β 1 Typhoid β 1 1 Cerebro-Spinal Fever β 2 2 Dysentery β 1 1 TABLE 7. BIRTHS. Live Births. Male. Female. Total. Total 444 442 886 Legitimate 422 424 846 Illegitimate 22 18 40 Still Births. Total 18 14 32 Legitimate 17 11 28 Illegitimate 1 3 4 Notified Live Births. Ward Distribution. Total. n. East. n. West. S. East. S. West. |
8a9a39db-c541-4d32-9cb9-dcc750c034ff | Total Births notified in the district 419 135 92 63 129 Notifications received from other districts 438 147 107 73 111 Notified Still Births. Inside 10 Outside 19 Total 29 Notifications were received from:β Doctors and Parents 614 Midwives 273 55 TABLE 8. INFANT WELFARE CENTRES, 1937. |
5283142e-ec03-4db4-bbaf-cf36c49f86c4 | Number of Centres provided and maintained by the Council 4 Total number of attendances at all centres during the year:β (a) by children under 1 year of age 10,686 (b) by children between 1 and 5 years of age 6,676 Average attendance of children per session 43 Number of children who attended for the first time during the year:β (a) under 1 year of age 629 (b) between 1 and 5 years of age 146 Percentage of notified live births represented by number of children who attended a centre for the first time during the year 73% Children treated at Dental Clinic 96 Children treated at Ophthalmic Clinic 22 Mothers treated at Ophthalmic Clinic 2 Children operated on for enlarged tonsils and adenoids β Children operated on with X-Ray for Ringworm β TABLE 9. ANTE-NATAL CLINIC. |
70a2705e-5ee6-4feb-9a41-1568e39a3985 | Number of Expectant Mothers who attended 209 Number of attendances made by Expectant Mothers 448 Mothers referred for Dental treatment at the Clinic 79 Mothers supplied with Dentures 31 Expectant Mothers to whom Dried Milk was supplied free 21 Number of packets of Dried Milk supplied free 1133 form 10. INQUESTS. Suicide 8 Struck by motor vehicle 8 Collision between pedal cycle and motor vehicle 2 Collision with lamp-post 1 Fracture of skullβresult of a blow 1 56 Accidentally drowned 2 Found drowned 2 Run over by horse cart 1 Run over by train 1 Fall from window 1 Fall downstairs 1 Blow with a hockey stick 1 Death under anaesthetic 1 Pneumonia 1 Cerebral Haemorrhage 1 32 Post Mortem without Inquest. |
06ff15e8-e0e0-4c2f-9029-41cd3b5e457b | Heart Disease 11 Pulmonary Embolism 1 High-blood pressure 2 Subaracurid Aneurism 1 Bronchitis 2 Fibrosis of Lung 1 Congestion of lungs 2 Cirrhosis of Liver 1 Nephritis 2 Cancer of bronchus 1 Asphyxia from inhalation of vomit 2 Epilepsy 1 28 Arterio-sclerosis 1 FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES. 1.β Inspection of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors. Premises. Inspections. Written Notices. (1) (2) (3) Factories (Including Factory Laundries) 93 31 Workshops (Including Workshop Laundries) 323 7 Workplaces (Other than Outworkers' Premises) 7 Nil Total 423 38 57 2.β Defects found in Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. |
c42dda75-39c6-4b74-b8c0-3d431d425138 | Nuisances under the Public Health Acts:β Particulars. Found. Remedied. (1) (2) (3) Want of Cleanliness 18 18 Want of Ventilation Nil Nil Overcrowding Nil Nil Want of drainage of Floors Nil Nil Other Nuisances 7 7 Sanitary Accommodation:β Insufficient 7 9 Unsuitable or defective 22 22 Not separate for sexes 3 3 Offences under the Factory and Workshop Acts:β Illegal Occupation of underground Bakehouses Nil Nil Other offences Nil Nil Total 59 59 3.βOutwork in unwholesome premises, Section 108 Nil STAFF. D. J. Thomas, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health (Medical Superintendent of the Isolation Hospital and School Medical Officer). Elsie Madeley, M.B., CH.B., D.P.H., Assistant Medical Officer of Health and School Medical Officer. |
f18441de-9d4e-4e33-9842-14a139d2c981 | P. H. Slater, L.D.S. School Dentist. M. W. Kinch, M.R. San. I., Cert. of Royal Sanitary Institute; holds Meat and Smoke Certificates; Chief Sanitary Inspector (Inspector under Diseases of Animals Acts and the Rag Flock Act). 58 J. J. Jenkins, M.R.San.I., Cert. of Royal Sanitary Institute; holds, Meat and Smoke Certificates, Deputy Child Sanitary Inspector (Inspector under Fabrics Misdescription Act). E. W. Brooks, Cert. of Royal Sanitary Institute, Sanitary Inspector. J. J. Matthews, Cert. of Royal Sanitary Institute, holds Meat and Smoke Certificates, Sanitary Inspector. A. H. G. Johnson, Cert. of Royal Sanitary Institute; holds Meat Certificate; Meat Inspector. Miss A. M. Cooksey, A.R.San.I., Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute, Heath Visitor. |
76fa6f43-b9e1-4035-ba99-16425ffeb7f1 | (Retired 31st March, 1937). Miss B. G. Sorlie, S.R.N., Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute, C.M.B., H.V. Diploma, Health Visitors and School Nurse. Miss W. E. Bennett, S.R.N., Health Visitor's Certificate of Royal Sanitary Inst., C.M.B., Health Visitor and School Nurse. Miss W. L. Orfeur, S.R.N., Health Visitor's Certificate of Royal Sanitary Institute, C.M.B., Health Visitor and School Nurse. Miss A. Woosnam, S.R.N., C.M.B., Health Visitor and School Nurse. Miss N. Lapham, S.R.N., Certificate of Royal Sanitary Inst., C.M.B., Health Visitor and School Nurse H. L. Hacker,* Chief Clerk. (Resigned 31.6.37). A. S. M. Pratt,* Barrister-at-Law, Chief Clerk. |
bc8e3a8c-7c28-4c20-ba0d-31eed5cfa3fb | (Appointed 26.7.37). Miss V. E. Arnold,* Clerk (Resigned 31.3.37). Miss D. E. Beacon,* Clerk (Resigned 31.7.37). Miss A. Kent,* Clerk. 59 Miss J. Warburton, b.a. (hons.), Clerk. (Appointed 1.9.37). Miss V. Slack,* Clerk. Miss J. Wood,* Clerk. Miss M. G. Hester, Clerk. (Appointed 5.4.37). Miss M. J. Gilfillan, s.r.n., c.m.b., Matron, Isolation Hospital. Miss F. A. Cavendish, Matron, Day Nursery. G. Baker,* Disinfector. A C. Mepham,* Assistant to Meat Inspector and Mortuary Keeper, (Died 28.11.38). |
2ffb513d-90ed-42d1-9c87-41aaeffdd4c8 | Note.βTo the salaries of all the above officials excepting those marked with an asterisk, contribution is made under the Local Government Act, 1929. I wish once again to express my appreciation and thanks to all the members of my staff for their excellent co-operation during the year. I am, Your obedient Servant, D. J. THOMAS, Medical Officer of Health. 61 annual report of THE School Medical Officer FOR THE YEAR 1937. Municipal Offices, Acton, W.3. To the Chairman and Members of the Acton Education Committee. Ladies and Gentlemen, We beg to submit the following report upon the schools and school children of Acton for the year 1937. As in former years the subject matter has been arranged as far as possible in tabular form. The Tables at the end of the report are those issued by the Board of Education. 1937 showed an increase in the number of Diphtheria cases. |
b7d42f94-83f3-4040-b351-0f9e3119c831 | This was to be expected following the observations in last year's report that it was becoming increasingly difficult to interest parents in the question of having their children protected against Diphtheria. The fact that there was "no Diphtheria about" was enough for them, without their stopping to consider why this was so. Scabies continued to infest the Borough and cases were reported from all quarters of the town, although the bulk came from 62 South Acton. As this is the most crowded part of the Borough, the cases were correspondingly more difficult to stamp out. A great effort was made during 1937 to overtake the dental waiting list, and it is gratifying to be able to report that at the end of the year, only such a waiting list was left as could be overtaken while new cases were being examined. This entailed extra sessions for extractions, each session being a heavy one in order to cope with the numbers, and extra help had to be engaged for the conservative work. |
ebaa6813-18ba-4c5e-8117-4ab47af4ba2c | PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WITHIN THE DISTRICT. WITH ACCOMMODATION. School. Dept. Accommodation. Avge. Monthly No. on Register. Average attendence Acton Wells Senior 320 234 214 Junior 364 394 358 Infants' 364 199 155 Beaumont Park Senior Girls' 450 139 123 Junior Girls' 450 209 193 Infants' 400 200 167 Berrymede Junior Boys' 640 409 359 Junior Girls' 542 381 339 Infants' 450 294 246 Central 480 396 365 Derwentwater Junior 441 361 332 Infants' 350 337 272 John Perryn Senior 360 189 168 Junior 288 242 220 Infants' 336 270 228 Priory Boys' 500 308 273 Girls' 499 298 252 Infants' 400 277 217 Rothschild |
7a6f5588-3f12-4477-8927-2c2a4c565603 | Junior 450 209 193 Infants' 400 269 226 South field Senior Boys' 415 148 134 Junior 382 308 279 Infants' 350 265 218 Roman Catholic 327 264 224 West Acton 300 255 200 Special (M.D.) 68 43 33 10326 6898 5988 63 WEST ACTON SCHOOL. On Saturday, 20th March, 1937, the West Acton School, Noel Road, was officially opened by His Worship the Mayor, (Councillor H.G. James, J.P.). The school is built on a level site of 5 acres, and has been planned on open air lines. It is constructed of brick, the walls being built with a cavity. On entering the school, there is a through lobby, and opening off it on the right is the school hall. |
0c26a693-f8db-4e31-935b-afac851c190f | This is a large, airy, light room, with a stage at one end, decorated very pleasantly in light colours. On the left of the lobby are the Head Mistress's room, the Staff room, and the medical inspection rooms. The lobby is continued through a door to an open verandah with a glass roof, and all the classrooms open off this corridor. The classrooms are 5 in number, 24 feet by 21 feet in size. Each has its own cloakroom. All floors are finished in wood blocks. The last room of all on the corridor is a nursery classroom, 24 feet by 24 feet in size, and floored with rubber laid on concrete. The walls of all the classrooms are plastered and distempered in cheerful colours and the furniture also is painted to harmonise. Each classroom is provided with drinking water direct from the mains and there are drinking fountains in the playground. The lavatory basins are provided with hot and cold water. |
1c4eec56-164e-46d7-aa95-a4f303c404ac | All latrines are of modern construction and are approached under cover. The window frames are of metal fitted into wood, and in the classrooms on the south side the windows are 12 feet wide and can be opened back to their full width. The school is heated by means of a low pressure hot water system, the boiler being coke fired by a mechanical stoker. The playground and is in course of construction, part being asphalt with interposing flower beds. There is a sandpit for the babies, and swimming and see-saws for the older children. The Caretaker's house is built separately from the school but designed to harmonise with it. The school takes many children from the neighbourhood who used to attend Acton Wells School, a very long journey in some cases and is designed to accommodate approximately 300 children. 64 AVERAGE HEIGHT without shoes, and AVERAGE WEIGHT without clothes. Anthropometric Committee, 1929. Age last birthday. males. females. |
fb338803-3a86-4d62-b27a-a197592141a2 | Height in inches. Weight in lbs. Height in inches. Weight in lbs. 3 36.9 32.9 36.6 31.5 4 39.2 35.9 38.4 33.7 5 41.4 38.7 41.1 37.5 6 43. 41.3 42.8 40.1 7 45.4 45.4 45.1 44.1 8 47.8 51. 47.5 49.4 9 49.2 54.8 48.9 52.6 10 51.3 59.6 51.2 59.8 11 52.7 64.6 52.8 63.9 12 55. 71.6 55.6 73.9 13 56.2 76.5 56.9 79. |
3f82da3f-3f6f-4b29-9adc-f3117439f9a4 | 14 58. 86.1 58.9 88.2 15 61.8 99.3 62.3 106.8 TABLE SHOWING HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS AT DIFFERENT AGES LEAVERS (BOYS) No. Examined. Years of Age. 12β13 13β14 14-15 No. Height ins. Weight lbs. No. Height ins. Weight lbs. No. Height ins. Weight lbs. Acton Wells Senior 45 44 58. 81.8 1 61.3 89.5 .... .... Central 33 33 59.1 87. .... .... .... .... .... John Perryn Snr. 30 29 58.8 84.1 1 59.5 93.8 .... .... Priory Boys' 114 114 57.6 80.9 .... .... .... .... .... Southfi'd Sr. |
92e3c363-63e0-4d4f-90b2-a2aa9c0c196b | Boys' 42 42 58.1 81.9 .... .... .... .... .... Turnham Gn. R.C. 12 10 57.1 80.4 2 57.5 84.2 .... .... 276 272 .... .... 4 .... .... .... .... (GIRLS) Acton Wells Senior 48 48 58.9 84.5 .... .... .... .... .... B'm't Pk. Sn. Girls' 38 38 59. 87.6 .... .... .... .... .... Central 55 55 59.3 86.3 .... .... .... .... .... John Perryn Snr. 33 32 58.5 85. 1 61.5 94.5 .... .... Priory Girls' 109 108 57.8 80.6 1 56.8 74.5 .... .... Turnham Gn. R.C. |
7b490a04-daf9-4ecd-b063-708cd6e8bb01 | 15 15 59.5 87.5 .... .... .... .... .... 298 296 .... .... 2 .... .... .... .... 65 TABLE SHOWING HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS AT DIFFERENT AGES. INTERMEDIATES. (BOYS). No. Examined. Years of Age. 7β8 8β9 9β10 No. Height ins. Weight lbs. No. Height ins. Weight lbs. No. Height ins. Weight lbs. |
524548d4-74d8-4864-95b7-0f5ea1f3b54b | Acton Wells Junior 19 10 49.3 55.2 9 51.1 61.4 .... .... .... Acton Wells Infants' 16 11 50.3 57.6 5 49.5 53.7 .... .... .... Park Infants' 3 3 46.8 51.2 .... .... .... .... .... .... Junior 88 58 48.8 54.5 30 49.9 57.8 .... .... .... Infants' 1 1 46.8 48.3 .... .... .... .... .... .... Junior 36 31 48.8 54.7 5 50.4 56. |
eb6874a0-32b8-4e7e-ab2d-428ab504afef | .... .... .... Infants' 9 9 47.3 51.8 .... .... .... .... .... .... Infants' 41 18 48.8 54.8 23 48.8 53.9 .... .... .... 7 7 49.2 54.4 .... .... .... .... .... .... Junior 52 17 49.2 53.2 35 49.8 56.4 .... .... .... Infants' 7 7 48.9 53.2 .... .... .... .... .... .... South Field Junior 38 22 48.9 54.6 16 49.5 56.1 .... .... .... South Field Infants' 2 2 47.9 53. .... .... .... .... .... .... Green R.C. |
1fd55a4f-6ed4-4111-8f89-6ab24e1f2136 | 20 5 50.2 57.1 13 49.9 54.1 .... 52.9 62.3 West Acton 17 8 48.1 51.2 9 50.1 55.8 .... .... .... 356 209 .... .... 145 .... .... 2 .... .... (GIRLS). Acton Wells junior 18 8 49.2 53.1 10 49.4 52.6 .... .... .... Acton Well Infants' 20 15 49.5 54.5 5 48.3 50.7 .... .... .... Jnr. |
c30b2b9c-0b2e-4185-b35b-fe2c12033527 | 40 30 49.2 54.3 10 49.1 53.1 .... .... .... Park Infants' 2 2 47.7 52.5 .... .... .... .... .... .... Junior 87 60 46.6 51.8 27 48.1 53.2 .... .... .... Infants' 3 3 48. |
a8b0a8f4-7e09-4116-ae33-08593cacc018 | 52.1 .... .... .... .... .... .... Junior 32 23 49.5 55.7 9 49.4 56.4 .... .... .... Infants' 9 9 47.9 54.2 .... .... .... .... .... .... Infants' 31 13 48.8 52.6 18 49.8 54.6 .... .... .... 3 3 49.3 50.9 .... .... .... .... .... .... Infants' 7 7 48.5 53.7 .... .... .... .... .... .... South Field Junior 29 20 48.8 53.9 9 49.7 55.4 .... .... .... South Field Infants' 5 5 48.8 49.6 .... .... .... .... .... .... Green R.C. 17 9 47.9 56. 7 49.6 55.8 1 53. |
9909375e-58ba-4d63-be0f-7e1629a67311 | 61.5 West Acton 21 9 49.9 56.1 12 48.7 55.1 .... .... .... 324 216 .... .... 107 .... .... 1 .... .... 66 TABLE SHOWING HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS AT DIFFERENT AGES. ENTRANTS (BOYS). No. Examined. Years of Age. 3β4 4β5 5β6 6β7 No. Height ins. Weight lbs. No. Height ins. Weight lbs. No. Height ins. Weight lbs. No. Height ins. Weight lbs. Acton Wells Infants' 33 7 39.7 37.7 12 40.8 38.1 7 44. 41.2 7 44.8 45. |
9143aeda-e814-452a-9a1d-ff4203848b88 | Beaumont Park Infants' 45 15 37.1 33.3 13 39.1 30.1 15 42.9 43.5 2 45.5 47.5 Berrymede Infants' 46 13 37.0 35.9 11 40.6 39.4 15 42.6 43.8 7 43.7 45.1 Derwentwater Infants' 88 ... ... ... 38 41.2 38.9 27 43.5 41.7 23 45.4 45.6 John Perryn Infants' 49 ... ... ... 28 41. 38.5 19 42.9 42.4 2 43. 42.3 Priory Infants' 6l 18 38.4 35. |
8cfaa5ff-8d6f-4410-b72b-92be4ca4dbfe | 14 41.4 40.1 21 43.7 42.6 8 45.3 48.8 Rothschild Infants' 36 14 39.2 34.8 10 42. 40.5 11 44.4 42.9 1 46.5 50.8 Southfield Road Infants' 62 ... ... ... 27 41.1 39.1 24 43.7 43.1 11 46.3 48.5 Turnham Green R.C. 23 ... ... ... 9 41.5 39.9 10 43.7 44.8 4 46. 48.2 West Acton 50 10 37.9 33.6 19 42. |
589d1ae6-d43f-464d-a262-199ca1581ebb | 40.3 10 44.5 46.4 5 43.8 43.6 493 77 181 165 70 (GIRLS). Acton Wells Infants' 39 8 37.7 32.7 13 40.5 37.6 15 42.7 40.9 3 44.2 45.5 Beaumont Park Infants' 37 17 37.9 34.2 9 40.4 39.4 7 43.2 56.3 4 45.6 46.1 Berrymede Infants' 57 17 37.2 33.1 19 39.5 38.1 19 42.3 41.9 2 46.3 48. |
7e5b7f1d-a35d-42b1-8a1e-bd80a76d5521 | Derwentwater Infants' 79 ... ... ... 35 40.3 37.5 31 43.3 41.6 13 47. 47.3 John Perryn Infants' 32 ... ... ... 16 41.1 38.3 12 43.5 41.4 4 44.9 45.8 Priory Infants' 57 17 37.4 31.4 21 40.1 37.7 15 43.1 41.8 4 44. 45.1 Rothschild Infants' 48 10 38.1 39. 10 41.2 37.7 10 43.6 40.9 6 47.3 49. |
5e6681d6-37c5-4fa0-a084-572413c28feb | Southfield Road Infants' 67 ... ... ... 22 40.4 37.6 33 43.9 43.2 12 45.4 44.3 Turnham Green R.C. 15 ... ... ... 4 40.9 38.3 6 41.5 36.4 5 47.6 48.1 West Acton 52 13 39.1 35.5 23 41.8 39.2 12 44.5 42.8 4 47.3 45.4 483 85 172 106 57 67 TONSILS AND ADENOIDS. 44 cases were operated on for the removal of adenoids and for tonsils and adenoids under the Authority's scheme during the year 1937. |
7fa1f152-a196-4a57-ac25-9fc6518627f8 | 40 children had their tonsils and adenoids removed because of repeated attacks of tonsillitis, frequent colds, enlarged glands in the neck from frequent sore throats, etc., etc. 32 of these were recommended by the School Medical Officers, 5 by Mr. Griffiths, Ear, Nose and Throat Consultant at the Acton Hospital, 1 by Dr. Nicol-Roe, Tuberculosis Officer, 1 by the West London Hospital and 1 by the patient's own doctor. 2 children had tonsils and adenoids removed because of continued ear discharge. These children were referred from the Ear Clinic to see Mr. Griffiths at the Acton Hospital and the operation was advised by him. 2 children had adenoids only removed because of slight deafness and improvement followed the operations. RHEUMATISM. In last year's Annual Report, the position in Acton was Reviewed with regard to Rheumatism in childhood. |
0f1453fe-13e7-4564-8c26-22cb76da9e96 | It was reported then that Rheumatism was on the increase in the Borough and various suggestions were made as to the reasons for this. In 1936 there were twice as many cases reported as there had been in 1935. following the theory of some expert observers that acute Rheumatism comes in waves in some years, it was considered that perhaps Acton was approaching the crest of one of these waves, and that that might account for the excessive increase in cases. Whether this be so or not, there has been only a slight increase in the cases reported in 1937 as compared with those for 1936 and by no means the startling increase that 1936 showed over 1935. The number in 1937 exceeded the number for 1936 by only two cases. 68 One curious feature emerged when reviewing cases for 1937 and that was the high proportion of children who showed manifestations of Chorea as against other evidence of Rheumatic infections in childhood. |
9992132f-87cd-4724-b682-80730ecec10b | Nearly half the total cases reported suffered from Chorea, and of these the bulk were treated at the Borough's Rheumatic Clinic at the Princess Louise Hospital. Our arrangements with the Princess Louise Hospital whereby the Hospital takes charge of Rheumatic cases for Acton, are very satisfactory. Cases are referred to Dr. Aitken and thereafter it is very certain that all that can and should be done for the child will be undertaken. Cases are admitted where necessary to the Wards, of the Hospital, all appropriate investigations are carried out and advice given as to future conduct and care. It is often necessary to send children who have suffered from Rheumatism in its various manifestations, away for a prolonged period to a Heart Home. |
b574d97d-7d88-4e63-a5a8-d17d72c49e68 | It is urged by some authorities on the subject that every case should be so dealt with and that the period of convalescence should extend to a year at least, in order to lessen the chance of a recurrence Unfortunately it is all too frequent for second and even third attacks of Rheumatism to affect the same child and with each subsequent attack there is greater risk that the heart will be per manently damaged and less chance of the patient's escaping this crippling disability. Dr. Schlesinger (who is Physician to the West Wickham Heart Home where so many of our children have been sent), writing recently in The Lancet, has analysed a series of cases suffering from Rheumatism. He contends that with the onset of puberty there comes a remarkable decrease in the bad effects of rheumatic relapses, and that if a child can only be steered carefully through the dangerous years up to fourteen, there is more chance that serious physical involvement may be avoided. |
783e795e-d5aa-4816-9503-c94e91f8e8b8 | After that age there is less likelihood of relapse, and the patient's resistance appeals to be higher. The children who have been affected by Rheumatism in Acton during 1987, range in age from 4 to 13. The most frequent ages for onset were from 8 to 11. It has not been proved that as earlier onset means a worse outlook except in so far that it leaves more years for probable relapses before adolescence lessens the risk 69 SCARLET FEVER. During 1937, there were 134 cases of Scarlet Fever among school children, the numbers being distributed as follows:β Acton Wells 13 Priory 11 Beaumont Park 24 Rothschild 6 Berrymede 25 Southfield 15 Central 3 Roman Catholic 3 Derwentwater 17 West Acton 14 John Perryn 3 The 1937 numbers show an advance on those of 1936, when 98 cases of Scarlet Fever were reported. |
35a28c05-3dfd-473f-8324-1f2466c297a5 | During the whole year the Isolation Hospital was busy admitting Scarlet Fever casesβusually in the summer cases of Scarlet Fever diminish to an odd case now and then, but in the summer of 1937 cases continued to come fairly steadily into Hospital. The cases were not severe in type, and as the distribution shows were drawn from all parts of the Borough. 111 Scarlet Fever patients and 163 contacts were examined at the office before returning to school. We abandoned the practice of excluding contacts from school attendance many years ago, and we have found no grounds for changing our present procedure. The contacts are kept under observation, and if no suspicious symptoms arise, the.children are allowed to attend school. The contacts are under the observation at the class teachers and if necessary they are seen either by the school Medical Officers or the School Nurse. All the recent investigations tend to prove that exclusion of contacts is unnecessary. |
7f54dfc8-ecfd-4c0c-8a8b-7bdecb9c5f0b | The practice was based on the supposition that the contacts were potential carriers of the disease, and that it was necessary to isolate these possible carriers for a period of a week or a fortnight. We have seen no bad effect from the practice of allowing contacts to attend as soon as the case is removed to hospital, and in any event, in an urban area isolation of all carriers, whether Scarlet Fever or Diphtheria, is impossible. Even when the contacts were excluded from school, it was never attempted to keep a healthy child confined to the house, much less to a single room, Apart from that, there is no evidence that the contacts of Scarlet fever are more frequently carriers of haemolytic streptococci than the rest of the community. 70 DIPHTHERIA. During 1937 there were 43 cases of Diphtheria notified in school children. This is a considerable increase on the number of cases notified in 1936. |
62b03504-3c7c-40d0-8a2a-4740f8520060 | It was only to be expected as a result of the waning interest shown by parents in protecting their children against Diphtheria which was commented on in the Annual Report for 1936. It is much to be regretted that the comparative safety of the Borough from Diphtheria, which is the result of much hard work and persistent endeavour, should lead only to a disbelief in or contempt for the ravages of Diphtheria amongst the young. This increase in cases in 1937 over 1936 has, however, had a slight effect on the percentages of children inoculated at the schools. As compared with 1936, in all but three of our schools the percentages of children in the Infant departments who have been inoculated have gone up. These percentages are by no means as high nor as satisfactory as could be wished, and the lowest per centage of all comes from the school which serves the poorest and most crowded part of the Borough. |
4da7c874-e17c-490d-b2b7-289e20c54423 | At medical inspections in Infant departments during the past year, enquiries have invariably been made of parents as to whether their children have been protected against Diphtheria, and if not why not. Various answers are received, but the two most frequent replies areβ1: The child's father doesn't believe in it, and 2: It the child is meant to have Diphtheria, it will have Diphtheria and nothing can prevent it No amount of explaining or reasoning can break through these barriers of ignorance and prejudice, and it has been noticed that where promises have been obtained for the children to come to the inoculation clinic at Avenue Road on Saturday mornings, these promises have not been kept and the children have not turned up. The promises were evidently only made to stop our enquiries and keep us quiet. Our inoculation scheme has been carried along the same lines as last year. All children are approached and offered inoculation and this is carried out by two or three injections, depending on the material used for the purpose. |
784a9ba8-8322-46b2-b29e-0eb95802a4ce | At the end of 6 months. These children are Schick tested. The Schick test has not been found to be a reliable index of insusceptibility to Diphtheria, but it is the only one at our disposal and so we use it. Any child found not to 71 be Schick negative is given another dose of immunising material, all the Schick testing material used in the Borough is four times as strong as that in general use, so that if our children are negative to this stronger test, they are so much nearer the blood level of immunity to the disease. All children also, who were inoculated ill accordance with the scheme just described, are at the end of three years given one further inoculation of immunising material. This one injection stirs up all the old immunity which by this time may have begun to wane, and helps to keep up the level of herd immunity to which we aim. |
85987e5c-ca99-464d-9fb4-d17567844429 | It is proposed to give this one injection to these children every 3 years all through their school days, but so far the scheme has not been in operation long enough to show if it is successful or not. It is now five years since Acton started offering inoculation against Diphtheria to all who would avail themselves of it, and there has not been in that time one death in a fully immunised child. During 1937 there were three deaths from Diphtheria in School children, but none of them had been inoculated against the disease. The 43 cases in school children were drawn from the schools as follows:β Acton Wells 1 Priory 4 Beaumont Park 4 Rothschild 5 Berrymede 19 Southfield 1 Derwentwater 3 Roman Catholic 5 John Perryn 1 It is noticeable that the highest number of cases of Diphtheria come from the school where the percentage of children immunised in the Infant department is the lowest. |
1d602f6c-0840-4d83-acc4-b38e349219d1 | It is in this School, whose need is the greatest, that it is most difficult to get consent from the parents for their children to be protected from a disease which the crowded nature of their homes makes more deadly for them than for others. Indifference, ignorance, and prejudice prevent their taking advantage of the facilities offered them. 30 Diphtheria patients and 52 contacts were seen at the office before returning to school. 72 Diphtheria Immunisationβ1937. Schools. Schick Tests. Positive re-actors. T.A.M. A.P.T. Re-inoculated after 3 yrs. 1st. 2nd. 3rd. 1st. 2nd. Acton Wells Senior - - - - - - - 7 Acton Wells Junior 5 4 4 3 3 - - 42 Acton Wells Infants 1 1 3 4 4 9 8 7 Beaumont Pk. Junior |
bb4103b9-f51a-4d51-b1aa-c99f0e48fa7a | Girls β β 1 1 1 - - 6 Beaumont Park Infants β β 1 1 1 32 23 15 Berrymede Junior Boys β β 2 4 7 1 1 46 Berrymede Junior Girls β β 1 1 9 2 2 40 Berrymede Infants β β 20 28 20 31 20 19 Contral β β β β - - - 3 Derwentwater Junior 4 4 5 5 5 - - 17 Derwentwater Infants β β 14 20 23 60 46 16 John Perryn Senior β β β β 1 β β 37 John Perryn Junior β β 4 5 5 2 2 23 Priory Boys 1 1 1 1 1 β β β Priory Girls 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 β Priory Infants β β 4 |
88c5956a-9eec-4b5f-956b-4f3490e0d219 | 19 19 28 22 21 Rothschild Junior β β β β β β β 10 Rothschild Infants β β 14 15 14 51 36 10 .Southfield Junior β β 1 β β β - 18 Southfield Infants β β 9 8 10 30 26 13 Roman Catholic 8 2 4 β β 26 22 17 West Acton 1 1 3 3 3 35 18 22 Other Schools β β β 1 1 β β 12 Day Nursery β β β β - 16 12 β Welfares β β β β 29 353 292 β Total 21 14 98 120 163 677 531 401 In addition 210 children were schick rested after 6 months and these 10 were positive and were given another dose. 73 Measles. |
c931fd90-7897-4f41-89ff-8106d0d20396 | The year 1937 was not an epidemic one in Acton, and in only one school was there any interference with school work from measles. Since the end of the Great War, Measles has regularly appeared in the district in epidemic form in alternate years, and these have been the even yearsβ1936, 1934, 1932, etc. Sporadic cases always occur in a district like ours, which is not a self-contained area. So much immigration and emigration occur, that isolated cases are always cropping up, but when an isolated case occurs in an interepidemic year, there has been very little danger at spread of the disease even in the Infants' departments. The theory is held, and events seem to prove its correctness, that during an epidemic the community is immunised either by a clinical attack or by a subclinical infection. A clinical attack usually confers a belong immunity, and a sub-clinical infection confers immunity which may extend to a couple of years or more. |
db964302-788b-44bb-9b63-086249240dbe | An epidemic dies down when the herd immunity reaches a certain level. In the past quarter of a century, the conditions have favoured the occurrence of an epidemic every two years. Circumstances can arise, such as immigration, reduction in the Size of families, etc., which would alter the epidemiological course of the disease, as the history of Measles in the district shows. When the district was rapidly developing, the epidemiology of the disease was different, and a regular biennial visitation was the exception and not the rule. A small outbreak in West Acton Infants' School last summer an interesting from an epidemiological standpoint, because the course of events was probably influenced by immigration and the tendency towards reduction in the size of families. This school was opened in February 1937, and although the from which its pupils are recruited is now almost entirely built constitutes that part of the district most recently developed, immigration has relatively been more extensive here than in the rest of the district; moreover, the families are smaller in size. |
06d279e4-de45-4c62-b4c1-ae10522e1631 | some cases of Measles occurred in the district in the summer, but it was only in the West Acton School that it spread. Over 30 cases occurred here in the summer term, but only isolated cases occurred in the other Infants' departments. Most of the children who suffered were either in one-child families, or were the eldest children in the family, conditions which would make it likely that 74 they were not exposed to infection in the epidemic of 1936, an ! therefore not likely to have become immunised. Towards the end of the year. Measles made its appearance in the other schools, and an epidemic occurred in these schools in the first quarter of 1938. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN. Blind and Partially Sighted. 1 child was transferred during the year to a certified school for the blind. Previously he was at a school for the partially sighted but it was unfortunately necessary to transfer him because he was becoming blind. |
16233e60-1568-467c-9c8c-fcdc7794b9c7 | 1 child is attending the Kingwood Road School for the Partially Sighted and 1 child is at present at the White Oak School. Swanley, as a result of severe and repeated eye infections. 1 child, although suffering from much impaired sight, attends an ordinary elementary school and her progress there is satisfactory. Deaf. 3 deaf and dumb children and 1 deaf child attend the Ackmar Road School for the Deaf. 2 of the deaf and dumb children are brothers. A younger brother is attending an ordinary elementary school meantime as he is not old enough to go to a special school 1 other child is attending an ordinary elementary school. She was seen by an Ear Specialist who certified her as being "congenitally deaf" and when she is old enough, she also will be transferred to a special school for the deaf. |
4944fbb8-b0a3-4daa-ae2a-c75a575825b7 | 1 partially deaf boy attends Ackmar Road School for the Deaf and 1 boy is attending an ordinary elementary school and has recently had an operation on one of his ears Mentally Defective Children. 45 children attend the Acton Day School for Mental Defectives, 19 girls and 26 boys. During the year there were 10 new admissions. Epileptic Children. 2 children are resident in Epileptic Colonies, one at Lingfield and one at Chalfont St. Peters. 1 child, suffering from severe Epilepsy, is being educated at home. 75 Tuberculous Children. 1 child is in an institution for the treatment of Tuberculosis of the lungs at Tadworth, and 2 other children are suffering from Non-pulmonary Tuberculosis and are under treatment, one at a certified special school at Broadstairs, and one in the Acton Hospital- Crippled Children. |
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