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instruction to be given in them. A third, towards the close of the same year, prohibited the acceptance of any gratuity from the parents, on the part of the teachers, on pain of the loss of their situation; in the following year various decrees provided that all children should learn the French language, extended the l...
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Napoleon is often regarded as the inventor of the system of centralisation in France, which seems to aim at the absorption of all the national energies in the hands of the Government, and which presses with such ubiquitous constraint on the action of individuals
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at the present day, not only rendering all spontaneous initiation on their part impossible, but actually withering, through enforced inaction, the moral sinew of the people, and causing them to lose even the desire of that large individual liberty, bounded only by the law; as the expression of “the common sense of all,...
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"A few years afterwards," says M. E. Rendu, in his "Introduction on the Origin of the Present French University," "Bonaparte passed through Turin. One day, when he visited the palace of the University, founded in 1771 by Charles Emmanuel III., he caused the statutes of that institution to be brought before him, and was...
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of public instruction for all France. He remembered the University of Turin, and he created the Imperial University of France." The creation of the University, which, as we shall see, still plays a most important part in the work of Education in France, was thus, as is remarked by M. E. Rendu, the result in part of th...
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Great misfortune, which as rarely passes unobserved as great prosperity, had attracted observation to Frau von Recke; and, retired as was her life, some gentle praises were heard of her in the country around, and at last reached the husband who had so rudely thrust her away from his home. Strangers saw what he had been...
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XXXIII.—ELIZABETH VON RECKE. (Concluded from page 173.) PART II.
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Remaining in undisturbed retirement, Elizabeth devoted herself indefatigably to the cultivation of her moral and mental faculties, though making no display to the world, till, in 1782, one of her hymns having happened to fall into the hands of the celebrated composer, Hiller, he requested and obtained from her the whol...
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At Carlsbad she derived great benefit from the waters; but a fresh drop of bitterness was to be mingled with her cup, for while there she received news of the death of her beloved step-mother. But for the thought that it would now devolve upon her to be the stay of her father’s declining days, this blow would have quit...
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even pious an appearance they might assume. This brief sojourn at Weimar had, indeed, a deep influence upon her whole being and life. The winter passed delightfully at Wolferode, in the company of Glöcke and his amiable wife, varied by a visit to Bürger at Gottingen. With the return of summer Elizabeth went to Pyrmont...
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Having now fairly entered on the field of controversy, she felt strongly that there was a call for her to bear witness boldly in the cause of truth. In February, 1786, she returned to Courland; desolate as it was to her since her father's death, while it revived tearful memories of departed early joys, it reminded her ...
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superstitious follies so rife in those times; and the warning would surely come all the more emphatically from one who had herself been beguiled into the same paths. She therefore resolved to have the journal which she had kept during Cagliostro’s visit to Mittau, printed and published side by side with the elucidation...
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Nicolai undertook the publication of her book, and himself wrote a preface to it, though he had fairly warned her to weigh well the probable unpleasant consequences. Under the title of “News of Cagliostro,” it was brought out at Berlin, in the curious inter-leaved form consequent on the reflections and explanations of ...
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time set a powerful machinery in motion to annihilate her, and to throw off the charge against himself. The clear-minded Schlosser, too, we know not on what grounds, appeared in the "Deutsche Museum" with a witty sally at her expense, "Jest against Earnest." She read all, and, nothing daunted, produced her "Something a...
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But Frau von Recke's personal concerns, however exciting these literary and domestic conflicts had been, could not divert her atten-
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necessarily be a miserable man, while the nobility are free, the middle classes nothing, and the peasantry enslaved, Courland was suffering more and more from each class of society being so distinctly separated from the others, to which was added the jealousies inseparable from the constant division of property, conseq...
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of Polish society in general, during a visit which did much for the grand duke's cause, and from which the sisters returned with joyful satisfaction, only clouded by finding that their aged grandmother had at length passed away, for not all the severity she had exercised towards her could prevent Elizabeth from appreci...
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Ôn her return to Mittau, Frau von Recke received a message
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from her divorced husband, who lay dangerously ill, and, repairing to him immediately, found him in a state of grievous doubt and distress, mingled with a deep sense of guilt at the retrospect of his conduct towards herself. Grasping her hand, he exclaimed, in agony, 'Pardon! pardon! Thou art an angel! oh, pray for me!...
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lmply repeated her visits during the short remainder of his life. The baroness now removed to the estate which had been presented to her by Catherine, and took measures not only to ameliorate the bondage of the serfs, but also to introduce education amongst them, so as to fit them for the legal enfranchisement which s...
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which the utmost power of medicine could only alleviate, she wrote a memoir of him also, thinking it a duty to leave behind her this memorial of one to whom she felt herself so much indebted. A warmer climate being now recommended, Elizabeth travelled into Italy, and was received with great honor, especially at Rome, ...
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That a country peopled to repletion like our own, and pressed by anxiety for the right maintenance of its population, as we most undoubtedly are,—that any nation possessing such magnificent colonies as ours, should hold such varied views and display such apathy on the subject of emigration as is shown in England,—is on...
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( 235 ) XXXIV.—ON ASSISTED EMIGRATION.
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hope, that the colonies will do more than they are now doing, perhaps more ought not to be expected from them, and if what they are now doing were only a little broader in its application perhaps more ought not to be required. No ! the help will not come from the colonies; but if it were distinctly known that there was...
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Such women would find ready employment in the several cities and townships of all our colonies. Offers of one hundred pounds a year have to our knowledge been made to very inferior women to serve as shop-women in mantle and bonnet stores in Melbourne and
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Sydney. Would not such a position be better for any woman, than the dependent, spirit-wearying life so many are forced to lead in England? Others, and perhaps this might be the more preferable course to pursue, ought to work their way up the bush, indeed we believe there has been a great, a very great mistake made on ...
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Moreover, the gentlemen in our colonies have married their maids from necessity, not choice, (by-the-by better by far that they should so act than repeat the disgraces of young Melbourne,) but let a choice be once offered to our countrymen and matters will soon right themselves on this point, or we are greatly mistaken...
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FROM TO CABIN. Cost including Provisions. INTERMEDIATE. Cost including Provisions. £ s. £ s. £ s. Liverpool Quebec 15 15 5 10 London Ditto 12 0 8 0 London New York 15 0 to 20 0 — Liverpool Ditto 15 0 3 10 to 3 15 London Cape of Good Hope 35 0 to 50 0 20 0 Liverpool Ditto 30 0,, 35 0 — London Sydney 35 0,, 80 0 16 0 to...
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If we were asked to which colony such a class of women might be sent most advantageously, we should most unhesitatingly answer New Zealand, because it is a class station; there the preponderating proportion of the people is an educated proportion; order, and an established church, and collegiate schools are there; the ...
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The Government Emigration Officers and Offices for promoting the Emigration of the Labouring Classes, are as follows:— S. Walcott, Esq., 8, Park Street, Westminster; Com. Lean, R.N., 70, Lower Thames Street; Lieut. Prior, R.N., Stanley Buildings, Bath Street, Liverpool. The Colonial Agents for assisted passages:— Wi...
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1 bowl and can. 1 knife and fork. 1 deep tin plate. 1 pint tin drinking mug. 1 table spoon. 1 tea-spoon. An assortment of needles and thread, 1s.
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In all therefore the outfit of a single servant costs about five pounds, fifteen shillings; but then it must be remembered that this is a list of the most absolute necessaries, and of course an outfit for cabin passengers would cost considerably more.
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- We therefore propose that a separate fund be immediately raised "for promoting the emigration of educated women." Such money as may be collected to be placed under the control of the Committee for Promoting the Employment of Women, 19 Langham Place, that it may be used on the principles to which we have already refer...
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As we believe authentic information on the subject of emigration is exceedingly valuable, we consider ourselves fortunate in being able to offer to our readers extracts* from some interesting letters from a poor (but very superior) woman, who, by the assistance of the Emigration Commissioners and the help of a benevole...
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Is it indifference or ignorance, or what is it, that is hindering the out-going of an overflowing nation like ours, which keeps our cities crowded to crushing, and lets the fertile plains and valleys of our colonies, quite as much our own though they are thousands of miles away, remain year after year uninhabited waste...
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* The extracts will be given next month.
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2 lbs. of marine soap, at 4d.
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3 pairs of sheets. 2 pots of blacking. 1 strong chest, with lock. 1 linen clothes-bag. 1 mattress and pillow. a single servant costs about five shillings a week; it must be remembered that this is in addition to the cost of board, and of course an outfit for cabin may be more. separate fund be immediately raised for ...
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M. S. R.
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XXXV.—GOD'S HOROLOGES. Hark ! God's horologe is striking— In yon vaulted dome above; Myriad, myriad orbs triumphant March majestic to the chant, Hymning God's exhaustless love. Hark ! God's horologe is striking— Earth's "orbed maiden" hears the call, Throws off her dew-bespangled hood, And steps in loving servitude, ...
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Hark! God's horologe is striking; Shall man alone refuse to hear? Still grovel in life's miry ways, Forget his little share of praise, Nor track a Father's footsteps near? God's horologe will strike once more; It may be in the dead of night, When conscience has put out her light, And loving beacon-fires are o'er. God...
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( 241 )
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“I have done a very good morning’s work,” said I to my aunt Susan, the other day, in a tone of self-congratulation; “I have been talking very seriously to Lucy Reeve, and I do believe I have persuaded her to give up that foolish idea she had of marrying her cousin James. He is not at all fit for her; not her equal eith...
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( 242 ) XXXVI.—RETRIBUTION. —
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with whom she had been very intimate as a girl, and said she would be grateful to her if she would take me in for the next autumn and winter. I don’t know how much or how little my mother told her; but it was a very kind, tender letter that came back, with hearty thanks to my mother for her suggestion, quite as if it w...
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and done it well, no one would have rejoiced more heartily than Stephen. Meanwhile, a new lease could not be granted, or a new out-house built, or a new tract of land drained, till Stephen was "consulted," as it was called, but really till Stephen took his place at the table in the business room, sent for the bailiff, ...
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sure what mood she would be in. Sometimes she was creeping close to “cousin Susan” with a particular confidential manner she had, petting me and chattering on about her own pretty fancies; sometimes half teasing, half coaxing me, till I forgot everything but the nonsense she was talking about anything or nothing. She ...
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And I think while it was good for her that her wayward nature should have some anchor, even though it was but another faulty human nature, so also it was very good for Stephen to be with her. He was unconscious of his own influence over her, and, as in word and manner she refused him the deference we all gave him, laug...
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nearer and nearer, of the home he was earning for the future. It was no wonder to me that he let Margaret remain unconscious and unwooed. He was the last man in the world to distrust his own power, and I think her present fearless childish ways were so charming to him that he would have been loth to sober or change the...
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had sacrificed her time or her pleasure to them, they always said, "Oh, I will ask poor Mildred to do it;" or, "Well, really, it was a great bore, and very disagreeable and painful, so poor Mildred did it." I suppose it was a sort of acknowledgment that people were always imposing on her good nature, and rather despis...
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Now, I thought that was exactly the question, and the first thing
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to be considered, so I answered, rather warmly, "Well, you may not think it matters much, but I suppose the decision lies between those two only; and it matters rather more what they think and feel, than what your opinion or mine happens to be." Stephen answered with a cool imperturbable politeness, which was especial...
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her hand in farewell and held it while he spoke earnestly for a few moments, I felt a triumphant impression that, meddle as he might, Stephen was too late to separate them. I looked up at Stephen's face: oh how it had altered! I don't think I ever saw him afterwards without the shadow of that expression rising between...
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I hardly know how he did it, but I think he contrived to perplex Mildred and prevent her feeling at her ease, till literally her manner seemed awkward, her meaning confused, and she even looked her worst when Stephen was by. Charles would read out some of his favorite poems; and then Stephen would turn to Mildred, and ...
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not lead the conversation to the practical, earnest, serious matters where Mildred was beyond us all; I could only sit still and watch Charles's half ashamed, half vexed blush, while poor Mildred was thus victimised. Oh! how cross I felt. Cross with Mrs. Mahon, who was aware of nothing but that she was getting on very ...
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prognostics as to what it would be-to-morrow. I looked beseechingly at Mildred. Her face of utter despair, yet half indignant too, quivered into a look of bitter anguish, and suddenly rising, she signed me to follow her, and we went in silence, leaving Mr. O'Connor still pacing up and down, and still impatiently murmur...
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VOL. V. - s 2
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evening, dear, all to ourselves. Margaret has a headache and is gone to lie down; and Charles suddenly resolved to start for Dublin upon that law business. Stephen is so anxious he should settle, and Stephen is gone with him." He had baffled me after all! and there was nothing to be done, but to sit down and cry for p...
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When spring was gradually changing into summer, I went home to Lancashire, but with a promise to return again some time or other. Meanwhile I kept up a constant correspondence with Margaret and Mrs. Mahon. They neither of them were very good letter-writers:
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at least they never told me anything but facts. However, I was very thankful to hear, and the minute details Margaret sent me of every day's doings, seemed to carry me back to Mahon Court. One day—I remember it so well—it was a bright sunny morning, I had walked out to meet the postman, who gave me a letter from Mrs. ...
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But Mildred! I had heard from her regularly too, but she never spoke of the Mahons. I wondered at myself at the time, that I did not feel more anxious and pained for her. Did I trust so much to her patient, contented self-control? or had I some strange foreboding of the news which in a very few days reached me of her h...
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further could have told me, and I never dared allude to it to him. I could not pity her now. I could hardly grieve for her. No, it was with the old reverence and love, and not with any tinge of compassion for her, that I now mourned “poor Mildred.” I went to Mahon Court for the wedding. Outwardly how bright it all se...
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He did not lose his taste for literature or art, however; but it never produced anything except a rare collection of curious editions and old miniatures, on which he spent more than he could afford. more than he ought to have afforded, for Mahon Court was forgotten except as a place to send to for more money. How procu...
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Stephen never married; he was supposed to be quite absorbed in business. Perhaps he was. The one living current of love had been checked; and though his career was considered a very successful one, I have sometimes thought his life was even more marred than his brother's. Perhaps therefore I am superstitious when I se...
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There has long existed in society a feeling of sympathy for the woes and trials of needlewomen, and there are none, perhaps, of our fellow-creatures who are more entitled to our protection and assistance, from the very fact that it is the weak and unprotected, the sorrowing, the widow and the orphan, who, driven by adv...
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XXXVII.—INSTITUTION FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF NEEDLEWOMEN. .
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ceeding from happier circles. So sad is its tone, that even fashion has arrested her course and humanity has turned to investigate the depth of that wall. Heart-rending are the facts revealed by those who have followed that cry into its depths of misery, and who have returned to bear witness to the hardships and priva...
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* It is computed by Dr. Lankester that one thousand needlewomen fall victims annually to overwork at the needle.
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with the division of labor and the mysteries of political economy drives up in her carriage to the west-end shop and gives large orders regardless of expense, "surely the price I pay admits of a fair remuneration to the worker?" So it would, if the money given in the first instance by the shopkeeper for the execution o...
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So paltry is the pittance many receive, so inadequate to the necessary demands of existence, that, knowing the instability of all virtue which has not for its foundation the principle of a living faith, need it be matter of astonishment that means of degradation are resorted to, in order to secure a few personal comfor...
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purity of womanhood, suffer, endure, and die, rather than join the ranks of the erring? But let us pass from the sad condition of needlewomen to the possibility of ameliorating that condition. Is the evil, we ask, so hopeless that no assistance can be brought to bear upon their state, without leaving them to depend up...
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the workers. There is often a cry among ladies “Where can we get work done? Can you tell me of a needlewoman?” Earnestly we would appeal to such persons to send their work to the institution, to visit the spot, and examine for themselves the merits of the workers; and the interest perhaps excited by their industry and ...
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I CAME here for the express purpose of making inquiries about the state of female industry in France, and also to learn what I could regarding the charitable organisations of the country, in which women take so large a part, and I think it best to record simply what I have seen and heard, without any attempt to elabora...
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XXXVIII.—FROM PARIS. — No. II.
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The Salpetrière is a small town in itself. The porter at the gate told me that he had once walked round a fortified provincial town in seven minutes, adding with a shrug that he should be very sorry to have to walk round the Salpetrière in anything like that time. This asylum was founded in 1656, when the civil wars un...
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Secondly, the hospital receives indigent old women who are up wards of seventy and afflicted with incurable maladies. These are just the very class of old souls who may be seen any day collected in our miserable workhouses, under the guardianship of pauper nurses as wretched as themselves. Here they are far more kindly...
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undiminished energy, and longed to question her of the Paris of Louis XV, in which she first drew breath; the gay corrupted Paris with its yet undestroyed antiquity; or of the days of Robespierre, when she was a grown-up woman and saw the loaded tumbrels pass to the guillotine. But any communication between her Parisia...
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The next institution which I visited was the Maison de Secours for the tenth arrondissement, near the Invalides. This Maison de Secours is under charge of the Soeurs de St. Vincent de Paul, and includes a branch of the Bureau de Bienfaisance, intended to afford relief, gratuitous advice, and medicine, to the aged, infi...
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besides which a monthly allowance from public funds is given of three francs to those who are afflicted with palsy in two limbs, five francs to those who are blind and those who are upwards of seventy-five years old, and eight francs to those who are turned eighty. The management of the bureaux is confided to the legal...
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It would require repeated visits at different times of the day, to observe the full effects of this mixed system of legal and religious charity; and no one should presume to offer any decided opinion from hearsay and from reading alone. All parties, Catholics and Protestants, have alike concurred in telling me that the...
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moral disorganisation. The former attribute this, firstly to the long and profligate reign of Louis Quinze, and secondly to the times of the Revolution, when for half a generation public worship was abolished, and Christianity ridiculed and decreed throughout France. They say that the population has never recovered fro...
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It will be easily understood that the educational influences of the French Church bear more on the girls than on the boys of the lower classes; and that for many reasons. I heard last night a gentleman deeply interested in education, and himself of strong Catholic convictions, actually deploring that in the country tow...
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provincial town not far from Angers. Here she worked for four years, at the end of which time her health was so far shaken by incessant exertion that she was compelled to retire. An interval of another four years occurred, when the Government, which had long desired to form a normal school for the instruction of mistre...
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So far the routine was essentially that of our own infant schools, but on my second visit I heard Madame Pape-Carpantier give one of a course of **Legons Pédagogiques** to the pupil-teachers, which was an experience quite apart from anything I had ever heard or seen before. It was an extempore address of an hour's dura...
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lower classes, and particularly of the women. There is little use in running through institutions, without a clear idea of the society to which they apply. I mentioned having been favored with an introduction to M. Eugene Rendú, Chef au Ministère de l' Instruction Publique, and cousin to La Seur Rosalie. This gentleman...
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The degree to which Nature and her influences are exiled from London is a fearful item in our sum of difficulties. Not that I entertain any superstitious belief that green fields make grown-up people good; but the total absence of them makes the rearing of children, physically and morally, almost a total failure. What ...
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But I never walk through Paris, beautiful and ornate as is the city of to-day, without feeling that there is also a tendency to aggravate labor, faint and undefined as yet, but springing from the commercial spirit of the age, which it shares in common with Eng-
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land. I visited Lyons last year, where almost all the workwomen are grouped in aetiers eight or ten together, but there I was told of a growing desire among the richer capitalists to build large factories for the sake of economy. At Rouen it is the same; and I see the sewing machine advertised all over Paris, in immens...
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The servants, again, who cook and do housemaids' work for whole families, are constantly married women who come out by the day; Vol. V. T 2
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and these are not what we should call charwomen, but highly respectable female domestics of the better sort. There is one in this very house, who rejoices in the romantic name of Zée, a handsome woman about thirty, whose husband is a *frotteur*, and polishes the floors in gentlemen's houses. She comes at seven in the m...
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A VISIT TO THE VICTORIA PRINTING PRESS. Among the few pleasant things of this life which bring with them no pain in the present and leave no sting in the past, stands far in advance of the rest the accomplishment of what we have thought and worked and struggled for, biding patiently the scoffs and jeers of the ill-nat...
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XXXIX.—A RAMBLE WITH MRS. GRUNDY.
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look and scowl, who, self-elected, or elected by others, sit in judgment upon men and manners, but the _bonhomie_ and courtesy of the manager mollified the good lady's feelings; and though her head was unusually erect, her back stiff, and her mouth close shut, as she rose to inspect the establishment, there was a sligh...
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dustrious girl is deaf and dumb, and the blessed law of compensation evolves from her misfortune that concentration of will and purpose which is as wings to the attainment of any object. Only two among these young women and girls knew anything of printing until this establishment was started, and it is cheering to not...
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A grunt was the only answer we obtained, but the old lady passed with evident interest from one case to another, and at length signified her wish to visit the press-room. But as women are not employed on this work at the Victoria Printing Press, and never ought to be employed at manual labor so severe anywhere else, we...
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"So this is one of the practical results of your *English Woman's Journal*," said Mrs. Grundy, as, having bid the manager good-bye, we were recrossing Russell Square. " Yes," was our concise reply, for the morose silence of our companion had begun to tell upon the natural or acquired sweetness of our editorial temper. ...
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The Report of the Workhouse Visiting Society for 1860. Report upon the proposed Industrial Home for Young Women, and the Correspondence with the Poor-Law Board. The Journals of the Workhouse Society for February and for April. St. Joseph’s Industrial Institute. Longman. 1860. Workhouse Orphans. Reprinted from the “Iris...
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XL.—NOTICES OF BOOKS. .
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and recognised. This progress may be considered slow, but it is satisfactory to know that no backward step has been taken, and that work already begun has been strengthened and confirmed during the past year. "From the country we have some cheering proofs of progress. In one of our largest provincial cities a lady wri...
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Conviction must precede action, she laid the important foundation on which others could act. Her last words on the subject of our Society were of encouragement and sympathy, and confident hope for the future. "The second event to which we have alluded is the death of Mr. Jellinger Symons, one of Her Majesty's Inspecto...
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