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would earnestly recommend the co-operation of visitors with each other, not only for mutual encouragement and experience, and for the efficient carrying on of their work, but for the avoidance of indiscretions and interruptions on the part of individuals, for which the whole number are held responsible. "We are sometim...
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"The Bishop of London said he was anxious to take this public opportunity of expressing his sympathy with the objects of the society. Workhouses were a Christian institution, and it was a special duty of a Christian nation to make proper provision for the infirm, the sick, and the destitute. Before the Reformation the ...
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gates, and the workhouse system was found necessary upon the abolition of the religious houses. Let us see that with our greater light we were not behind the monks in the exercise of Christian charity. The society was not only valuable for the Christian kindness which it introduced into our workhouse system, but it was...
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276 NOTICES OF BOOKS.
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wives and mothers of operatives, the girls are often taken from school at an early age, and before the mind is equal to the reception of any knowledge except of the very plainest kind. And yet these few years at school, before they enter upon the destined work of their lives, in factories, workshops, busy homes, may be...
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"We want, therefore, a certain quantity of food every day to keep the life within us. If the nourishment we take is equal to what our bodies waste away, then we have enough; if it is less than our bodies lose, then we have not enough, and our health becomes weak and our strength less.
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“But the wearing away that goes on in a living body is not like the wearing away of machinery; as was said before, it is more like the burning away of fuel in the fire. Part of the coal that has been burned and done with, turns to gas and goes up the chimney; in something like the same manner, the parts of our body tha...
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regularly, and by having it well cleaned and put in order; so God has given into our own care and keeping this machine—the body; and whether it goes well or ill depends very much upon the care we take of it." It is gratifying to the unprofessional reader who has risen from the perusal of such a work as this, with a st...
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"Lucy Neville" is a book for girls, and difficult it is to prognosticate what "young people" like, but to those who have forfeited any right to that epithet, the colors are laid on much too strongly to be either natural or pleasant. Little school-girls who openly sneer at religion, young ladies who write themselves dow...
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and unfeeling and do not even affect decent respect to misfortune, are not often met with; and as might be expected the contrast is equally startling, the good children are just as unnatural and almost as unpleasant and repulsive. Reformations take place with astounding rapidity, and a silly, heartless, frivolous girl ...
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made use of by all who desire to instruct their poorer and less enlightened neighbours upon the dangers and prevention of small-pox, now so prevalent. When we were Young. By the author of “A Trap to Catch a Sunbeam,” etc. The Magnet Stories for Summer Days and Winter Nights.—No. 1. Price 3d. Groombridge and Sons, Pate...
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Report of the Institution for Nursing Sisters. 4, Devonshire Square, N.E. The report of this excellent institution shows that between eighty and a hundred sisters are constantly employed in its service, and that the average number of nurses supplied gratuitously to the poor, is about twenty-five to thirty quarterly. Th...
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[As these pages are intended for general discussion, the Editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed.] -
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MADAM, I have read with the greatest pleasure and interest the able papers which have appeared in your publication on the employment of women. The opinions you advocate have, as you must know, the sympathy and support of the more intelligent of either sex who have fairly and candidly given the matter any serious thoug...
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. XLII.—OPEN COUNCIL.
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. ...
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age would place them out of the reach of improvement from any new system of education? 2. Might not these women of the upper middle class, thus influenced and trained, whether married or single, become in their turn centres of good, morally and mentally, to be looked up to by the crowds of girls and women, wives and d...
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Now, to go to the second point, I do not think there can be two opinions as to the importance of urging to a sense of duty the daughters of masters in manufacturing districts, and, while helping them to cultivate their own minds, obtaining their co-operation in the great work of civilising, by means of industrial schoo...
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1859, we are distinctly encouraged in the idea, that housewifely qualities and a life spent more or less in factory labor are compatible, and have been proved so by those who have made the experiment. The review says, “We believe that the conclusion of the best observers will be, that it is not the labor of the factory...
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I remain, truly yours, A SUBSCRIBER. May 9th. 1860.
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MADAM, The remarks of your correspondent L. S. G., in the May number, deserve attention. There is a prevailing notion that a "maid-of-all-work," must be an ill-paid "drudge" or "slave;" but although there may be some such cases, they are I believe quite exceptional, indeed L. S. G. is right in stating that a servant w...
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal, The Duties and Wages of Domestic Servants.
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I cannot inform your correspondent L. S. G. of any institution which at present trains or sends out girls expressly as “maids-of-all-work,” but if the plan formed by the Workhouse Visiting Society for an Industrial Home is carried out, I think I can promise her that the inmates will not be above taking the situations s...
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The carrying out of this plan depends entirely on the agreement of the Poor Law Board to make the payments of guardians to such a Home legal, but it is to be hoped that common sense and justice will prevail over “redtape,” and strictly legal interpretations, so as to enable us to carry out our plan before many months h...
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THE HON. SEC. OF THE WORKHOUSE VISITING SOCIETY.
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. MADAM,
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MADAM, I cannot inform your correspondent present trains or sends out girls express the plan formed by the Workhouse Visitors is carried out, I think I can promise her taking the situations she mentions. It is true that the girls we find in the workhouses would be demoralised by a residence in them, without classificat...
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Your obedient Servant,
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I believe it is generally known that the industrious artisans of London have formed amongst themselves benefit societies, by which, upon the payment of a few pence per week, they are entitled to relief in sickness, the services of the club doctor, and a sum sufficient for decent burial. But probably your readers are no...
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. MADAM,
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MADAM, I am in receipt of your letter of the 10th inst., and am happy to inform you that your husband has been found and is in good health. He will be returned to you as soon as possible. Please be assured of my best wishes. Yours truly, Dr. Smith
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I am, Madam, yours respectfully,
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The successful landing of Garibaldi and his gallant companions in arms at Marsala is the exciting interest of the moment to all who believe in the abolition of oppression, individual or national, and the boundless blessings of liberty. The tortuous and tortuous policy of continental despots cannot bear the vigorous bre...
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XLII.—PASSING EVENTS. —----
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Buchan railway. The disgrace, we think, does not lie at the door of women, driven to seek even such work as this for the means of living: can there be a more scandalous and soul humiliating sight in a professedly advanced Christian country like this of Great Britain, than that which meets us on every side, of men monop...
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PUBLISHED MONTHLY. Vol. VII. April 1, 1861. No. 38.
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As weeds, if left unheeded, stifle and choke up the fairest and most beautiful flowers, so in like manner do errors, in process of time, overspread the face of truth. A few hours' hard work will speedily rid our favorite flower-bed of these unwelcome annuals, whereas the roots of false opinion are somewhat difficult to...
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ENGLISH WOMAN'S JOURNAL.
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XIII.—FACTS VERSUS IDEAS. ...
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long upheld and indulged, they become, if we may so speak, tangible petrifications, and are received and known as custom and usage. It may be, that what is in our day a false view, a prejudice, and a foolish custom, was once a true view, and therefore had a right at that time to be acted out. In the same way words are ...
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The dear, old, smoke-dried “Lares” are hugged more tenderly than ever, the moment Paterfamilias catches the sound of “Domestic hearth,” “Guardian angels,” “Home altars,” “Loving hearts”— in those after-dinner speeches, where such loving sentiment flourishes undisturbed by the mocking laugh or wailing sigh of those wan ...
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poetical verbiage. And still more startling would these same men become, could a mirror be held up to them in which were reflected faces well known as bright and joyous, but as seen in that reflection, pale, worn, and sad. Yes; the faces of daughters and kinswomen changed into those sorrowful shadows of their former se...
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This peroration, so "touchingly tender," is quite conclusive to those who listen but do not think; the speaker or writer is applauded accordingly, and Paterfamilias is once more assured that all is right with his household gods. Some there are, however, who do not feel satisfied, and wonder by what dexterous sleight of...
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cruel a tendency, and so obtuse a perception as regards right and wrong, truth and justice. The heathens were content to have their enshrined Penates made of wood, stone or metal; but modern householders insist that theirs shall be live women, dedicated to the service of the hearth, at which they are to sit year after...
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This is one form of evil, arising, as we think, from a perverted use of a common word. In order to neutralize the effects of this hard-worked word, an opposite one has been coined in the emergency of the moment. The one selected is “non-domestic,” but it is not well chosen, and for this reason, that a woman may be empl...
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certain to what extent it may be puffed out, or into how wonderfully small a space it can be contracted. Until a definite conception is attained of its exact proportions and circumference, and what amount of inflation is requisite for keeping it going, we shall not give our own opinion on the subject. One remark, in ju...
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. . . It will be understood that the remarks made, or about to be made, are intended for those families of our middle class for whom the father, the bread-winner, has to toil hard, either with head or hands, brains or muscle. Nevertheless, the principle holds good
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for all classes, rising from the lowest to the highest; since to lead a life of luxurious ease and pleasure, without aim or effort, is as injurious to the well-being of the individual, as are enforced inactivity and uselessness to those of whom we specially speak. Examples are so numerous, and of such constant recurre...
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careless indifference of those who, knowing they cannot leave fortunes to their daughters, neither bring them up to maintain themselves, nor provide for them by investing for their benefit a certain yearly sum, a plan of provision which has been frequently suggested and advocated in several papers in this Journal, on t...
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Time passes: no husbands have been found, chances diminish with years; the father becomes a bankrupt, or dies—and then what are the hapless women to do? In the meanwhile the sons have their professions, some have gone abroad, others, perhaps, are at home earning fame and money. Thousands may have been spent on them, du...
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who equally required it, and from whom it was an injustice to have withheld it. How much more kind and wise would it be, and certainly more Christian-like, were fathers to secure the comfort of their daughters by training them for some occupation or profession while they had a home and affectionate friends within it t...
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The indifference of that class we have designated as the fourth, namely, respectable small tradesmen and the like, who are perfectly aware that their girls must work, and work whether married or single, strikes one with surprise, and yet it is only carrying out what is shown by the classes above them, a general apathy ...
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for girls, where at a small cost practical education will be given with a view to their future position in life.* One such school is now opened, and it is much to be desired that others will speedily follow, and take the place of those small private establishments for “young ladies” where everything “useless” and nothi...
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* Collegiate Middle School for Girls, at 38, Howland Street, Fitzroy Square.
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Notwithstanding all this, fathers will persist in ignoring such facts, and with a remarkable perverseness continue to maintain the theory that women must busy themselves at home and nowhere else; while at the same moment hundreds of voices call out, “We have no homes.” One of the chief objections urged against girls be...
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In the course of his attendance upon a young lady who was ill, or fancied herself ill, the doctor perceiving that having nothing to do and want of exercise was the cause of her indisposition, and feeling rather at a loss what to recommend, gently hinted, “that it would do her a great deal of good were she to help the h...
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the M.D., “but now that you suggest it, I do think it would be an excellent thing for you to do.” The patient looked in his face to see if he were in earnest, and finding he was, broke out into a violent passion at the degrading proposal. The M.D., not in the least daunted, to make matters worse, said, “I have no doubt...
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Were women fitted by education to share in some of the labors of their fathers, brothers, or husbands, an immense amount of life would be saved, and domestic happiness would be a reality once more. As it is now, men have no time for home or its duties; they return from the daily strain on their nerves more dead than al...
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their banker's may be added to, but not the comfort of their families. Luxurious and idle they may make their wives and daughters, but neither happy nor comfortable. We read in history what befalls nations when the women of any civilized country are handed over to "ease and pleasure." When the poorer women are idle, a...
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PART II. (Concluded from p. 19.) About this time Madame Mojon lost her mother. Madame Milesi had shown such disinterested love for her daughter, that Bianca's filial affection was heightened by gratitude, and she would have been crushed by her grief but for the solace afforded by her own child; and, adds M. Souvestre,...
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XIV.—BIANCA MILESI MOJON.
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livres, afterward extended to 2000 livres. But she found very little disposition to help with effectual charity, though a certain princess, hearing of this bounty, expressed herself “ravished with delight,” and promised an annual stipend. “We will look for it,” said Bianca; “but promises are blossoms that seldom ripen ...
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“I must speak of Madame Mojon’s conduct towards me, for this good friend made everyone believe that she had great obligations to me, and never told anyone that I owed everything to her. It is what she did for me that, perhaps, best characterizes her. I came to Genoa simply as a child’s nurse (bonne d’enfant). During th...
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a member of the family. From that time I was admitted to their table. As the dining-room was small, I begged, when there were guests, to be excused. One day, in the midst of dinner, Henri, the little boy who died, exclaimed 'Oh! mamma, why is not Julie dining with us to-day?' 'You are right, my child,' replied his moth...
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Madame Mojon’s chief anxiety, in relation to her children, arose from the impossibility of rearing *free men* in an enslaved country. The government of Piedmont, now the citadel of Italian liberty, was, thirty years ago, so opposed to every innovation that Madame Mojon, who combined with some friends for the purpose, f...
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altogether an hour and a half; then comes luncheon; after luncheon the child stays in my room, and amuses himself with rational play-things which I keep on hand for him. I cannot yet keep the two boys together, there is such a difference in their age, and Benito’s movements are so rough that he cannot touch Enrico with...
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While this devoted mother was thus doing everything to develop the minds and bodies of her children, the question of their religious education greatly perplexed her. Bianca Milesi had early in life become infected with the sceptical philosophy of the eighteenth century. She showed the influences which beset many other ...
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error in the cause or intent, is one time like to complete with the condition of women in Italy, pointing out particularly the evils of their habitual idleness. "Useful women," she says, "are almost always respectable, and consequently respected." Again she attempts to democratise painting in her dear Italy, by inducin...
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wisdom so inspired and controlled by the divine spirit of love, that many of us, perplexed by this problem, may come and learn of him. “This question of charity and almsgiving,” he replies, “does indeed torment us. When we look at the misery that exists, we feel an incapacity to remedy it; we feel that we have but a dr...
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“We ought to employ every faculty we possess to introduce a state of things which should distribute the goods of this world more equally, and thereby diminish suffering. But we must confess that we cannot place the world on a new pivot; that it is in vain for us to attempt to assume the place of Providence. We must dis...
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not see the whole, aim only to relieve as much suffering as is permitted by the social organization under which we live. Therefore I would not, upon system, exclude any form of charity. I should like to be able to give to hospitals, dispensaries, schools; I would aid liberally such as are overtaken by great misfortunes...
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. Madame Mojon continued to manifest the same interest in education and the progress of society in general, which she showed in earlier days, when Manzoni called her “the mother of her country.” Her sons were educated under her own eye, they received their instruction from her, aided in some branches by private tutors....
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a decided leaning to agricultural life, and he prepared for it by the usual mechanical and chemical studies. As soon as her boys had left her to pursue their special training, and Madame Mojon found herself released from her maternal duties, she transferred her activity to the poor, to her friends, and to the diffusion...
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"Alas for the beautiful period of youth, when we doubted nothing! Not that I deplore, dear Fulvia, a ripe age: no, certainly not. If I am now less gay, I have more serenity; if I am less active, solitude does not oppress me. I never suffer ennui; even when I am doing nothing, I feel myself alive. Nature has enter- tain...
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stantly amused and interested. My sympathy grows, my desire to be useful and beneficent increases. When I was young, I felt more my own power, I rebelled against any obstacle in my way; now, on the contrary, I am strong in my weakness; I do all I can, and leave the rest to God. "Do you know I am seriously thinking of ...
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Far from imitating the rich Parisians, who reduced their expenses, dismissed their servants, and left the city, augmenting danger by the fear of it, she changed in no particular her mode of life. Her soirées were more frequent; her house was open every evening to her sons’ friends, and this at a time when her whole for...
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gave expression to their political sympathies, and extending her hand to him, and turning her eye to M. Coquerel, her pastor, “Let us pray for the Republic,” she said. Her youngest son came in; she looked towards him, and murmured with her fainting voice: “Tell him—always to love—his duty.” Observing the distressed fa...
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M. Souvestre concludes his memoir by a beautiful summing up of his friend’s character—but the simple story of her life speaks for itself. France has been illustrated by remarkable women in every department of life. Putting aside the beautiful intrigantes who influenced in successive reigns the destinies of that great n...
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BEING AN ACCOUNT OF A COLONY OF LUNATICS, LIVING FREE FROM RESTRAINT, AT GHEEL, IN BELGIUM. PART II. (Concluded from p. 33.) In our last article we gave an account of the historical rise and progress of Gheel, and also of what may be termed the poetical aspect of this little Belgian town. There is something wonderfu...
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. XV.--A LUNATIC VILLAGE.
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where they themselves were born; taking great pains to initiate the strangers in the rules and customs of the place, doing the honors of its amusements, and affording living proofs of the degree to which sympathy may survive reason. We find, also, that if a large proportion of the inmates are radically incurable, they...
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In the four years above alluded to, the number of women who quitted GheeI were 226; of these, 132 had died, 51 were cured, 18 were decidedly better, 19 were taken away uncured, 4 were withdrawn as dangerous, and 7 ran away. Those who ran away were caught, and kept henceforth at home, or in an asylum. The greater number...
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Let us again take another table, and analyze it. On the 31st of December, 1859, just a year ago from the time at which I write, there were 391 insane women at Gheel. (At that epoch the number of men was only 409, or very slightly in excess.) Of these women, the immense majority were Belgian and Dutch; there were only f...
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If thus far we have said nothing of the medical supervision exercised at Gheel, it is because such supervision here takes a secondary place as a means of cure; but it is none the less regularly provided. The medical service consists of an inspector, of four physicians, and
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of a surgeon; these officials are placed in four local dispensaries, and are assisted by a few men who can serve as keepers if necessary. Living thus in the midst of the small town, the medical men know each patient and his daily habits, and also the character and conduct of the *nourricier* who has him in charge. In c...
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M. Duval makes several observations on the administrative regulations of Gheel, and says that authority is too much divided between government officials and a local committee. He would prefer a single director, responsible to Government, and to a committee of surveillance; and that this director should be of the highes...
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keeper; and it was they who substituted the little light chains now worn in cases of need for the old heavy manacles. These are attached with rings, and are not much heavier than a lady's bracelet; but Dr. Parigot is very desirous of doing away with chains altogether, employing increased watchfulness over the more dang...
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- From an economical point of view we may say that there are four classes of nourricers: those who are householders, with gardens of their own, which the inmate helps to cultivate, and with whom it is not necessary to economise very closely in the expenses of the
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table. Secondly, **nourriciers** who hire their houses, buy their vegetables, and keep up their establishments for the sake of having an inmate. These come too near being speculators to give the same guarantees for good treatment. Thirdly, there are the proprietors of farms, to whom the inmate is a great acquisition, a...
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Two questions present themselves to the mind in relation to this colony: 1stly, How far it can be itself improved without losing sight of the essential principle by which it exists; 2ndly, How far it can be imitated in other localities. The establishment of the infirmary, with all its resources of modern science, will ...
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content themselves with merely making it a supplement to the real ideas of hygienic treatment which pervades the commune. But if they build cells and transplant furious maniacs to Gheel, who cannot be let loose without endangering public safety, they will offer an example of constraint which will alike infect the imagi...
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With regard to the other question, Whether the customs of Gheel can be imitated elsewhere? Whether a similar town or village could be created? the answer must be uncertain. Gheel is unique, and would be as difficult to copy as a parliamentary constitution. The new colony must be planted in a healthy locality, where the...
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undertook the enterprise. He who plants a colony of any sort has upon his shoulders a responsibility not inferior to that of Aeneas when he led his Trojans over the sea. It has been proposed to induce some of the *nourriciers* to emigrate to other parts of the Campine, and to establish agricultural colonies as like to ...
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To this resume of M. Duval's book we will add only a short quotation from a letter written by an English gentleman well known to the world. He says, 'I visited Gheel in the course of a tour in search of pure water for Brussels, and bestowed a cursory attention upon the system pursued there. Dr. Parigot, the medical sup...
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They are easily met and controlled, and rather confirm than confute the view that the indiscriminate imprisonment of the mad inflicts a much larger amount of suffering and evil than it prevents. While, however, the broad principles illustrated at Gheel appear to be correct, the details of the arrangements there struck ...
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Wearined with their hours of gladness, Weep the children in their sadness— Fiteous tears; one minute after Peals their joyous, ringing laughter; Theirs are "April tears."
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XVI.—APRIL TEARS. ...
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Playing mid the meadow flowers, All the shining summer hours, Chanced a thorn the buds among, Chanced a bee a hand that stung, Then were "April tears." Short delight, and sorrow shorter, Feeleth little son and daughter,— Joy is ever chasing sorrow, Pleasure new they hope to-morrow, Mid their "April tears." Tear-dimm'...
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Short delight and fitful brightness, Hearts that know but little lightness; Fearful what may be to-morrow, Looking forward to some sorrow, Ours no "April tears." Bitter grief our heart is steeping, Scalding tears our eyes are weeping; Looking into loving faces, See we only anguish traces, Nought to dry our tears. Sad...
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