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train · ~135M rows (showing the first 16.1M)

paragraph_text stringlengths 1 28.1k	original_url stringlengths 31 199	original_id stringlengths 2 8	paragraph_number int64 1 9.56k	combined_id stringlengths 64 64	length int64 1 28.1k	length_tokens int64 1 9.42k
Pseudomonas lindneri Kluyver and Hoppenbrouwers 1931	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	16	ee29d385b1ba1b7243f4fd8b605bdaba50e10039bc7aeedcd1f27f365e4e40f7	52	18
Saccharomonas lindneri (Kluyver and Hoppenbrouwers 1931) Shimwell 1950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	17	8a5bb4b80ae7fedd664f364ca73632efc5148c36c0d329e3e555302047ea4e81	70	28
Thermobacterium mobile Lindner 1928	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	18	368159d85fca5fc1dea51b51e52421e092f6f1781d1288795838532642071635	35	10
Zymomonas anaerobia (Shimwell 1937) Kluyver 1957	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	19	3cca5c0cd57f2799d7f882e2a1be9cd5d107d69731e9b80fefd03461532170f9	48	22
Zymomonas mobile [sic] (Lindner 1928) Kluyver and van Niel 1936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	20	03d68d909b208a34aeac112d7b6eaa7b4f7fab798faadcda087e6e2847fda367	63	28
}}Zymomonas mobilis is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, polarly-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. It is the only species found in the genus Zymomonas. It has notable bioethanol-producing capabilities, which surpass yeast in some aspects. It was originally isolated from alcoholic beverages like...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	21	d5d76fd0a587b0ee8badd0ff8c4e819d8913f647d3578d5c08e626367ca04a6c	465	102
Beer spoilageZymomonas is an unwanted waterborn bacteria in beer, creating an estery-sulfury flavor due to the production of acetaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide. This can be likened to a rotten apple smell or fruity odor. Zymomonas have not been reported in lager breweries due to the low temperatures (8–12 °C) and string...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	22	10eb0a700c255ed9eff297c66cbf41faa7ead50b00e3f925106488e4849ea4bf	548	123
Ethanol productionZymomonas mobilis degrades sugars to pyruvate using the Entner–Doudoroff pathway. The pyruvate is then fermented to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as the only products (analogous to yeast).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	23	2a1b4dd4ebdd28493aada5f4f094486cc69025c255acf965f3a6bb1b4d632d7a	211	44
The advantages of Z. mobilis over S. cerevisiae with respect to producing bioethanol:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	24	56dac3f9d42de4fcbc152657cd5570f6c05d7c91a7047584e0926dd563b1124f	85	18
higher sugar uptake and ethanol yield (up to 2.5 times higher),	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	25	e6194442a6e1e31f5ff45c7ea7f5aaf87e73d9d73f20dfd429d8d35cfcd8ca4b	63	16
lower biomass production,	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	26	7c7a540a0529c16c055459b70de9b03209112a02b80d10e3b5a5139e0f467f9e	25	4
higher ethanol tolerance up to 16% (v/v),	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	27	dabf346bfb58b872e112f591b90a16883cc6bdd3a4a856aa3170d14dad153bd8	41	14
does not require controlled addition of oxygen during the fermentation,	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	28	888b29c264684979a284ed4c9a72e1056246a178f1b8370651eb85614735e466	71	11
However, in spite of these attractive advantages, several factors prevent the commercial usage of Z. mobilis in cellulosic ethanol production. The foremost hurdle is that its substrate range is limited to glucose, fructose and sucrose. Wild-type Z. mobilis cannot ferment C5 sugars like xylose and arabinose which are im...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	29	dd9bcb422b0e2d434ff6768c54d9d3cff6178225197f67fd342049721124729f	683	144
Several attempts have been made to engineer Z. mobilis to overcome its inherent deficiencies. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA has made significant contributions in expanding its substrate range to include C5 sugars like xylose and arabinose. Acetic acid resistant strains of Z. mobilis have been develop...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	30	a0fbde2cfd9ae3b5fb258d9d52969f5ebad99f70517a6eb0dd46ed82a22cecfd	590	103
An extensive adaptation process was used to improve xylose fermentation in Z. mobilis. By adapting a strain in a high concentration of xylose, significant alterations of metabolism occurred. One noticeable change was reduced levels of xylitol, a byproduct of xylose fermentation which can inhibit the strain’s xylose met...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	31	c683918be1925c96cfd491728fd4ee4f3c5a5620186bd0b7656c3327fe4ee6cb	495	96
An interesting characteristic of Z. mobilis is that its plasma membrane contains hopanoids, pentacyclic compounds similar to eukaryotic sterols. This allows it to have an extraordinary tolerance to ethanol in its environment, around 13%.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	32	8163a48a6fb958fdaabefc09ec674d21e2bef0aee1d35aa92968bae1e65290ed	237	47
Zymomonas mobilis is traditionally used to make pulque.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	33	8dbc25dbfbf6c30e96902310f7f4a5065765b9d503d8cc303b5ae9061967515f	55	13
Genome	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	34	6b47676afad96c76cb109b06aab21d68646863f26a2ad1651ff6ca7a648ce2dc	6	1
The genome of Z. mobilis strain ZM4 has been sequenced and contains 2,056,416 bp encoding 1,998 protein coding genes. This revealed that Z. mobilis'' can only metabolise glucose via the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and is not capable of using the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	35	889e13c44e1052f4a6d7116dbe360666c369aa16cbe04c9f0c7445c42331ef55	274	78
References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	36	c3900497e96a868407a7381a047b7115e287ae29b26d2bd778defda22a3a47eb	10	1
External links	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	37	49c491019aae52f614ca12f2a3850f8a0d96e1a32a2c31aaa0e70dfdaa00d476	14	2
Ethanol fermentation technology—Zymomonas mobilis	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	38	e42aaae770f585e4980f6d558ea6e42654154c4852b744f402f9018873b64ef4	49	10
Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 genome page	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	39	40ff94fa4495faa87692ec7b68fe683fecc718b1a4cddb0e09c745bf3963a34b	33	10
Type strain of Zymomonas mobilis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	40	2ee23cb6eba5de0e835624244c009a614988e2b1f2a369dd1fee812d081ceed5	83	19
Sphingomonadales	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	41	b618cbd9d5c2f764817fbfaed97fdb57b5a8e46f1008e366fee5c16b675c20e0	16	5
Ethanol	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	42	7c7dc746c24a1f8e508eafc6c4e20f553ed6a95544cae0510e215518c10cf44a	7	2
Bacteria described in 1936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymomonas%20mobilis	8262279	43	8d856e74ac343f7731fdae470fb2440f74e71f3eb8ce705f6717f30ab6c7bb36	26	8
Denis Viger (June 6, 1741 – June 16, 1805) was a carpenter, businessman, and politician in Lower Canada.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	1	119e6131704d7e6544f6dbd19e23da11b3dae570face24510946b6afa2861894	104	37
He was born in Montreal in 1741, the son of a shoemaker. He worked as a carpenter and also carved wooden objects for the church in Saint-Denis. In 1772, he married Périne-Charles, the daughter of François-Pierre Cherrier, a notary. Viger then worked for the Hôtel-Dieu in Montreal and was also nvolved in the sale and ex...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	2	1ba10867703798883acc6bdeecbe440bfbfde9a5141345ab5597ef19289f57f7	458	116
He died in Montreal in 1805.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	3	1938558abd7267cf28c5f39ce42793b31c791463e35ce3c2baf125577c9f993a	28	11
His son Denis-Benjamin later played an important role in the politics of the province. His nephew, Jacques Viger, was the first mayor of Montreal, and his nephew Louis-Michel Viger became a lawyer and served in the Legislative Assembly.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	4	7efa8187dfa3a4cb05779d0b24e99400b555353cdebdc5933f5bd20a34295156	236	49
References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	5	b840f062e193379d14f44106972b028e66f382139c6a7a5006e461a242cb3a62	10	1
External links	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	6	d50897c7165d929ee175f345a68b82754ce972f72f90551f33dc52ece549d7f6	14	2
Ancestors of Denis Viger (French)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	7	edb3c21101149dead780a17fe49da109875a35924ddd3346ca43c2d9e9d8fd6e	33	9
1741 births	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	8	753ec954d3d5cd89e22447c5b89c1c94a5a52e9d71713770d61f5b194b2bf6b5	11	5
1805 deaths	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	9	ccf7ab9dfdc9bc8882a54b7d98df630737730693aa5667f7506ba4cc28822ed6	11	5
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	10	ce774eb313532fb2836ba1e0c8c4b31c6c1ede8c57f1c81fe1ead7c3fc43c711	51	8
Pre-Confederation Quebec people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Viger	8262295	11	52b8b07fb4dc09b4eee0ee5fc07d54998d7ba9d9d3c482de3d6328df2b20875a	31	7
Beyond the Bend is the third studio album by the Filipino rock the Dawn, released on June 4, 1989 by OctoArts International, Inc. in the Philippines. The lead single and the first track on the album "Salamat" became their well-known hit in the Philippines. It is Atsushi Matsuura's first album with the band. Matsuura co...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	1	704fda9d3c1cecbeae5395eaac20e613ee13506aef27ca3c34a7cd6b088ba677	455	118
Track listing	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	2	8b24390e9e378ba4e39fddf439ba731ea42e0ea177a978abccf9d06e5ad8b4c6	13	2
Personnel	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	3	e281fb9d4aad3c1989fa2fa4e099677afed590fcfe2492c212f08fe82853c90a	9	1
Jett Pangan - vocals	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	4	06c577064ed4bbd4fd1ec36d484e6fefa5da2b7c1c0697119953046a0cb04ec4	20	6
JB Leonor - drums, acoustic piano, synthesizer, programming, percussion	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	5	7fc221a56a28e1ffe4dce1667df60d174a71b68f20a7b9f0467e1410962db00b	71	14
Atsushi Matsuura - electric guitar, acoustic guitar	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	6	c460617da1597c088d4c3610ae7042135aa9e7deb26b6a90aa756137bcd72f59	51	12
Teddy Diaz - guitar (track 3)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	7	6c26ff949e86303b63ba8e1598f8f9e2577db97a60db6b853f4152f5ce8a6f24	29	9
Carlos Balcells - bass guitar, percussion	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	8	eb4577d0bc5cf9d176190ec4b2f227ca16fa9b7a35607e091ecd6fc20b1fb623	41	8
Album Credits	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	9	21c59ce860245337690f63df0b0646e998c7efad8979bd178d45e40a9debeb61	13	2
Asst. Producer: Anton Choy Lopez	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	10	187df933c2b2107d2a8d897e29fe15ff269f3ee77e12dd9b55c455567220b182	32	9
Engineered By: Lito Balagtas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	11	0dcc2b269be03bec7aa0d46add61607c8d8738d2da9e06aa96d52d263ec994fb	28	9
Mixdown Engineer: Martin Galan/Lito Balagtas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	12	9a41ec5d8433311b4884088ee21e07881bba7563f37016623300e839c264e0c7	44	13
Arranged by: The Dawn	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	13	a34ea57a760aceb349f5a6fc3476402cba641f4878783b0027bccf36114fba0d	21	6
References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	14	cecbcc3022222a7b8f43f552f0ae7a9a2114930c6fa350082b3beaea5833cf93	10	1
1989 albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	15	994bbacf3bf0bd5bd84ba9bb059a06e0bb7c0af0c8b93f673319ab97660c277f	11	5
The Dawn (band) albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	16	f6d1e887fd8c715c8eb3427ccdade6235f060603197ec9a52e39577bee550059	22	6
PolyEast Records albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Bend	8262312	17	14360db0abe6d5caefa7e3b76383204d1bb0f7e12363d1cc7907724c74e37af3	23	4
Levenson is a surname. It may be a variant of the Scottish surname Livingstone. The Livingstone are a Scottish branch of the Irish Dunleavy/MacNulty royals. Levenson (and Levinson, Levinsohn, etc.) may also be a Jewish surname, meaning "son of Levi" - referring to one of the twelve tribes in Israel. Levenson may refer ...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	1	7b8d2ce5a168391085b8b0e3958563be86e335b03d16ab6a02e979f1aed2f0a9	323	79
Alan Levenson, American Jewish scholar	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	2	0131b55c240bec31bdb06cec2490b54c28b5bc02f6cc53ed5f3cc6a6b510eddd	38	8
Arthur Levenson (1914–2007), American cryptographer who worked at Bletchley Park during World War II	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	3	d4796f9389a4d424ce9587d3caad9a82e0b0564590ee016120acc60ead272ac9	100	30
Barry Levenson, American blues musician and record producer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	4	2f96b7d0fe14de38b3a734078e2b18bb8fbe754b2f7b4ae1bd68a1fe2cd2dd54	59	11
Barton Paul Levenson (born 1960), American science fiction writer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	5	1e1b5edc2bdd88ea194fb3f0e777559bc9c8b0c8fcba98c48a0c1d9406f92123	65	18
Boris Levenson (1884–1947), Romanian composer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	6	dcd5b4655d0e3f140be044f3f84f58c66cd0d35aa9c68bf200056872334e1bad	45	17
Bruce Levenson (born 1949), American businessman and philanthropist	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	7	5a376f7965e11d08a4d744e2192c5e8e7e34463826c83132fb1cbc56bc37b47f	67	16
Christopher Levenson (born 1934), Canadian poet	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	8	d751e21d772d151abac1735bef5070bd0bd635d3daddc024d2c66a46132d378a	47	14
Claude B. Levenson (1938–2010), French journalist and writer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	9	156d0a49eeb06129181bcce9832ed08cb00c97805f6293f7bb6ba770f8958979	60	21
Dan Levenson (artist) (born 1072), American contemporary artist	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	10	299727c7a2386795d0caff58064563666d002876a0d2a14f234affab524d06a7	63	18
Dan Levenson (musician) (born c. 1955), American musician and storyteller	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	11	16b3eeb9430f2ef39a033dd7a8481273aaa951482f07a52dbf999389f00de3b9	73	22
Ellie Levenson (born 1978), British journalist	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	12	0816d7714c7c814b9c9c8665b7d8436ec45697e98b1ff32e34f8e8f79ae7a42a	46	15
Emanuel Levenson (1916–1998), American classical musician	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	13	c5303c650fbbed37e94862fa802bbd0bccf8de7ddf822f3ebf9b87fe7f7f37d9	57	19
Fredrick Levenson (1945–2012), American author and psychoanalyst	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	14	4af432c6c58a05e7e5ab8c2246a6d55a658b15d8708396f58c5a709c62e464fc	64	22
Gavan Levenson (born 1953), South African golfer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	15	b1196121da61fe1a367393991bcb080327c40c5811f70d325438a65f8fd8eb92	48	16
Jeanine Levenson, known as Jeanine Tesori (born 1961), American composer of musicals	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	16	07c4b40db1998a7120886dae1b645b7d73841454c66c5f19f9ead7f176c469f8	84	24
Jill Levenson, American social worker	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	17	ba795f4cd6eeb4114a774096167eaf45f1a9b988166b8231fa1f63694ccde970	37	8
Jon D. Levenson, American Hebrew Bible scholar	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	18	7cb814e58ded6485d41401bd2eefe542b1500b98c646cab6a12fe2eab60c7f4a	46	11
Joseph R. Levenson (1920–1969), American historian	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	19	1818d11fb9079bb99d27e9d0cacabde78cfd3d57d472967aeaaba47a8872e0da	50	19
Laurie Levenson (born 1956), American lawyer and professor	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	20	0cc9b29cdbd6b5be2a8f3136516386e8aae92482829ec8922845249baf4fa415	58	16
Mark Levenson, American musical director	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	21	f340b9d9849ae40234c702c3812efc2cc03764fb852bba01274015e28a36001f	40	8
Noah Levenson (born 1981), American computer programmer and writer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	22	4c8846b1c7c8fc19f4028b039b78abf8f0ee4857ba06dce5951929d98ffe2bc6	66	17
Robert Levenson (1897–1961), American lyricist	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	23	53108c1283c4643987229ddd3778df37a9adcb3563ecd810d659e8e40785e1b6	46	18
Sam Levenson (1911–1980), American humorist, writer, television host and journalist	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	24	99a7face719b715eba272509d18c6979df06f08f87ba9c38ba7f08594a2ca873	83	25
Silvia Levenson (born 1957), Argentine glass artist and activist	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	25	61d76c86f23c2786f46cf8524ab3bd94ac0d07858287ca9903b93cb4c8ffb0fb	64	18
Stan Levenson (1938–2016), Canadian sprinter	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	26	ee9efd43be1cca274fe19554f23fbdecbebeb0475be81901e460af67995d8c8f	44	17
Steven Levenson (born 1984), American playwright and television writer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	27	6413b832555c15fe720ce168de050864c47d81be2fe04a9d166fbec3b96fa139	70	17
Thomas Levenson, American science writer and academic	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	28	ef9302d6fb369db04b880dfa2cccf23f8f23461ef89f661b9bba0ec9d6b6242f	53	10
See also	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	29	61bd016f7a2da1a722acac82d4a0bdacfefc361675a0ed99385451af0f5b9b24	8	2
MacDunleavy (dynasty)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	30	347cfa8bdf347fdedb42f7871d73ebdea41a7d705491a6e8e7120c4ed80eed78	21	8
Levinson	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	31	d4f6c08d98299e86902be0f0236b94d94e6d57188d294139a7875c94519a2f0b	8	2
References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	32	ed271224b39089a0790832a3d2d6924314bfb9e9cabfbd2d6053ee20bd31194a	10	1
Surnames of Scottish origin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	33	2b862b611e044c07cf614ae66660908e1ccbf92a19a3c6e56db8efc963125a1a	27	6
Surnames of Jewish origin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	34	33a825189da63e210a27cea64cac7ffabf603159564839d2dce607d58dd75d6b	25	6
Levite surnames	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	35	c6d18e83ce114338699c1436173669b5180556270596de4bc9100d57ec114b54	15	3
Yiddish-language surnames	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenson	8262324	36	8ffd83ff94c3ab2b0e2125672f2e10ff311718242f73fc6d0976d5660445dedf	25	5
The Picton–Mittagong Loop Line is a partly disused railway line between the towns of Picton and Mittagong in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	1	2641c1b03a3f58ceab3b26c25d76506525dc7d56e63b9f16ac82f282d886434c	162	36
History	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	2	36c3b26c4526f87018bb3277bc9d7e7c3fa616555ca0f5e2292f195cc458fb75	7	1
The Picton–Mittagong line was opened in February 1867 as part of the Main South line.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	3	6e420b5051ec5a4a6ce246c986c09501b330108648631704b2f76f326399c1f0	85	25
The line ran north-northwest from Picton, over the Picton Viaduct, across the Great South Road before heading northwest. It then headed west-northwest through a tunnel in the Redbank Range.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	4	c2a6781408facf8aac73782f9b8c5fae24d3a5fce5b2897105f7267dd326d2a0	190	44
Stations were constructed at Redbank (1885), Couridjah (1867), Buxton (1893),	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	5	03cc574e39f8bdca52e6cc8d853101aebc0286581b28b803e05d3fb10a53a7de	77	28
Balmoral (1878), Hill Top (1878), Colo Vale (1883) and Braemar (1867). There were a number of smaller stops, sidings and passing loops along the line, as well. North of Hill Top, the cutting through Big Hill was for many years the deepest in Australia. The rock-cut inscription dated 1863, commemorating the deaths of tw...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	6	b89080a6c537a2abff7d3939dfcf2d239135324c02dff46a48dcc6777c680bac	444	114
To service the line, Picton became a busy station with a locomotive depot for bank engines, dormitories for train crews, and goods sidings.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	7	046aacd0f4ac3b4d9edf73f01b4c34722a80fa6b1bf503421d6f7ceb5174e3a6	139	30
The line, while gently curved, had gradients as steep as 1 in 30. It was also a single-track line, and even though deviations were constructed between Hill Top and Colo Vale to ease grades, these factors combined to create a bottleneck, as rail traffic increased. In July 1919 a new double track alignment with ruling 1 ...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picton%E2%80%93Mittagong%20loop%20railway%20line	8262325	8	d888b4ae3a56412efa8997951ed507cd9608c3e435fa6a92af48a1275e6ee945	909	207

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