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ART002003787 | oai_dc | Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic signatures in Maastrichtian-Danian limestones of the Cauvery Basin, South India | Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic signatures in Maastrichtian-Danian limestones of the Cauvery Basin, South India | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jayagopal Madhavaraju(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México); Alcides N. Sial(Universidade Federal de Pernambuco); Reghunathan Rakhinath(University of Madras); Sooriamuthu Ramasamy(University of Madras); 이용일(서울대학교); Ariputhiran Ramachandran(University of Madras)"
] | A petrographic, carbon, oxygen and strontium study of the carbonate succession of the shallow marine Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations of the Cauvery Basin, Tamil Nadu, India was conducted to understand the isotopic variations in seawater during Maastrichtian-Danian. The limestones from both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show large variations in Mn and Sr concentrations and high Mn/Sr ratios indicate alterations of primary isotopic signatures during shallow burial diagenesis. The limestones of both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show negative δ13C (‒4.73 to ‒0.49‰ VPDB; ‒5.63 to ‒1.87‰ VPDB; respectively) and δ18O values (‒8.89 to ‒3.66‰ VPDB; ‒8.56 to ‒5.41‰ VPDB; respectively). The carbon and oxygen isotope composition, δ13C vs.
δ18O plot and Mn/Sr ratio suggest that the measured δ13C and δ18O values have been significantly altered during diagenesis. The limestones from both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show large variations in 87Sr/86Sr values (0.709310 to 0.711962; 0.708280 to 0.708398, respectively) which are higher than 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the contemporary Lower Maastrichtian (87Sr/86Sr: 0.707760) and Danian (0.707819 to 0.707833) seawaters. The elevated 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the limestones of the Kallankurichchi Formation suggest that these limestones were significantly modified by pore fluids during meteoric diagenesis. The observed large fluctuations in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Niniyur Formation resulted from variations in riverine input. One sample from the Niniyur Formation exhibits an unaltered 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.707828) which is interpreted to indicate an age of 65.02 Ma. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0039-1 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003898 | oai_dc | Mineralogy and isotope geochemical characteristics for Xiaozhen copper deposit, Langao County, Shaanxi Province and their constraint on genesis of the deposit | Mineralogy and isotope geochemical characteristics for Xiaozhen copper deposit, Langao County, Shaanxi Province and their constraint on genesis of the deposit | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Gang Wang(Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese); Zong-qi Wang(Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese); Rui Shi(Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of); Ying-li Zhang(Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese); Kun-ming Wang(Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese)"
] | The Xiaozhen copper deposit is a typical deposit in the North Daba Mountain area polymetallic metallogenic belt. With the exception of geological prospecting research, however, few studies have been reported on the genesis of the deposit. This paper focuses on the mineralogical and isotope geochemical characteristics for the Xiaozhen copper deposit. Detailed field-work and microscope observations suggest that the ore’s structural fabric and mineral assemblages feature a medium–low-temperature hydrothermal pattern of metallogeny. The results of electron microprobe analysis indicate that chalcopyrite atomic ratio ΣMe/S = ~0.95–1.03, which suggests that they may not be of sedimentary origin. In addition, the S content of the pyrite is from 50.57 wt% to 53.16 wt% that is less than standard the value of 53.45 wt%, the Fe/S value is from 0.878 to 0.955, and the Ni content in pyrite is high even up to 0.38 wt%. These results, combined with Ni-Co graphic projection, indicate that the pyrite is of magmatic hydrothermal origin. Moreover, most of the sphalerites contain Se, and their calculated w(FeS) content ranging from 4.60 wt% to 10.37 wt% suggest magmatic origin and a formation temperature of approximately 300 °C. Further, the content of χ(Fe) is from 46.55 wt% to 46.97 wt% for pyrrhotites, suggesting they are clino-pyrrhotites. This result, combined with mineral assemblages and the Fe-S system diagram, indicates a mineralization temperature of approximately 310 °C. The δ34S values of the sulfide range from 2.6‰ to 11.5‰, indicating multisource properties. The 208Pb/204Pb has wider ratios (~38.897–39.918), reflecting that they contain abundant radiogenic lead. The Pb isotope tectonic setting and genetic classification plot show that the ore lead was provided mainly by the upper crust in addition to a few magma materials. The analytical results of fluid inclusions in the chalcopyrite show that the 3He/4He ratios are ~0.268–0.326 R/Ra, which is higher than the crustal ratios but grossly lower than that of the mantle fluid and that the 40Ar/36Ar ratios are higher than the argon isotopic composition of the atmosphere.
Moreover, the He-Ar isotope system suggests that the source of the ore-forming fluids is predominantly meteoric low-temperature underground water, with a small amount of mantle fluid. In summary, this study has determined that the Xiaozhen copper deposit is a medium-temperature magmatic hydrothermal deposit. This finding is combined with metallogenic age to briefly describe the mineralization process. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0044-4 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002004028 | oai_dc | A review on time-lapse seismic data processing and interpretation | A review on time-lapse seismic data processing and interpretation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Phung K.T. Nguyen(Sejong University); 남명진(Sejong University); Chanho Park(Sejong University)"
] | Time-lapse (TL) seismic or 4D seismic has great potential in monitoring and interpreting time-varying variations in reservoir fluid properties during hydrocarbon production. The TL surveys interpret dynamic changes in reservoir parameters by detecting differences in seismic responses from different vintages, which are obtained by repeated seismic surveys over the same area.
For a proper and more precise quantitative interpretation of the TL seismic responses, TL seismic processing enhances repeatability of the TL-data sets, and thus reduces artificial differences that come from unavoidable differences in repeated-seismic-survey environments.
This study aims to bring an insight to the state of the art in both TL seismic data processing and interpretation by reviewing previously- published researches. TL data processing is a sequential process conducting 4D binning and simultaneous 4D pre-stack processing; 4D binning improves spatial repeatability while “simultaneous 4D pre-stack processing” derives common processing operators employing cross-equalization (XEQ) as a core technique. TL seismic interpretation is categorized by the characteristics of data being interpreted into two strategies: interpretation of data sets from all TL vintages and interpretation of differences in seismic data between vintages. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0054-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003823 | oai_dc | Biostratigraphy of Cenomanian succession in Zagros area (southwest of Iran) | Biostratigraphy of Cenomanian succession in Zagros area (southwest of Iran) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Massih Afghah(Islamic Azad University); Hamid R. Fadaei(Islamic Azad University)"
] | This study is focused on biozonation and biostratigraphic limits of two selected stratigraphic sections of the Sarvak Formation (Cenomanian) which are nominated Bavan and Kharameh (southwestern folded Zagros Mountain Ranges of Iran). Based on the vertical distribution of benthic and planktonic foraminifers, one biozone in Bavan area and three biozones in Kherameh stratigraphic section have established which are: Chrysalidina gradata- Cuneolina pavonia Assemblage zone (Upper Cenomanian) in Bavan section, and established biozones in Kherameh stratigraphic section from the base to the top consist of: 1) Praealveolina iberica-Praealveolina pennensis Assemblage zone (Lower Cenomanian), 2) Nezzazata conica-Nezzazata simplex Assemblage zone (Middle Cenomanian), 3) Calcisphaerula innominata-Heterohelix reussi-Heterohelix moremani Assemblage zone (Upper Cenomanian). New micropaleontologic data confirms well diversified and expanded of imperforate foraminifera in both studied stratigraphic sections. Well developed planktonic foraminifers in Kherameh stratigraphic column reflect transgression of sea-level rise during Upper Cenomanian. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0045-3 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003682 | oai_dc | SHRIMP U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic composition of the detrital zircons from the Myogok Formation, SE Korea: development of terrestrial basin and igneous activity during the early Cretaceous | SHRIMP U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic composition of the detrital zircons from the Myogok Formation, SE Korea: development of terrestrial basin and igneous activity during the early Cretaceous | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이태호(한국기초과학지원연구원); 박계헌(부경대학교); 이기욱(한국기초과학지원연구원); Jian-zhen Geng(Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral); Huai-kun Li(Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral)"
] | To constrain sedimentation age of the Myogok Formation and timing of the last episode of the Daebo orogeny, SHRIMP U-Pb age determination and Hf isotopic studies were carried out for the zircon separates. The detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the Myogok Formation show a wide range from Archean to Cretaceous and yield four main clusters at age intervals of 130‒150 Ma, 170‒220 Ma, 221‒320 Ma and Paleoproterozoic. Such age clusters indicate that the main provenance rock types during the sedimentation were basement rocks of the Yeongnam massif and the Mesozoic granitoids distributed around the Myogok Formation. The concordia age of the youngest population is 138.6 ± 2.1 Ma (n = 7), indicating the possible maximum deposition age for the Myogok Formation. Considering the suggestion of probable deposition of Nakdong Formation during the Barremian (Lee et al., 2012), the Valanginian or Hauterivian seems to be the most appropriate timing for the deposition of the Myogok Formation. The last activity of the Daebo orogeny might be constrained to Hauterivian or Barremian considering some time lag needed for basin closure and deformation that followed. The measured εHf(t) values from the detrital zircons of the Myogok Formation vary from ‒25.7 to 4.8. However, most of the zircons, even those with Mesozoic ages, show negative values except a few, implying dominant influence of old continental crusts in the generation of their igneous protoliths. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0042-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003948 | oai_dc | Three-dimensional electromagnetic responses of disk-shaped hydrocarbon reservoir in marine sediments | Three-dimensional electromagnetic responses of disk-shaped hydrocarbon reservoir in marine sediments | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"장한길로(부경대학교); 장한누리(세종대학교); 김희준(부경대학교)"
] | This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling algorithm using primary fields for a homogeneous half-space to accurately account for airwave effects. This algorithm is validated with analytic solutions for 1D two- and four-layer models and numerical results from another 3D model. Using this code, we investigate the 3D electromagnetic responses of a 100 m thick, 5 km disk-shaped hydrocarbon reservoir buried at a depth of 1 km below the seafloor. From the numerical results, we can recognize that a 3D effect of the reservoir typically produces a transition zone in comparison with 1D model responses.
The transition zone decreases with the airwave effect as the depth of water becomes shallow. As the source frequency increases, the sensitivity to the reservoir increases, whereas the amplitude decreases and falls at higher than 1 Hz below the current system noise floor.
Broadside electric fields for a 10-km diameter disk model are only about 5% of in-line electric fields for the 5-km disk model. The Tequivalence is observed at such a low frequency of 1 Hz for the thin resistive tabular target, whose response varies almost linearly with the target thickness and resistivity even in the transition zone. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0046-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003655 | oai_dc | Strontium isotope geochemistry of archaeological human tooth enamel excavated from Jeonju, southwestern Korea | Strontium isotope geochemistry of archaeological human tooth enamel excavated from Jeonju, southwestern Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jae Hyeong Park(Korea Basic Science Institute); Chang-Sik Cheong(Korea Basic Science Institute); 정연중(한국기초과학지원연구원); 이준정(서울대학교)"
] | Strontium isotopes of archaeological skeletal tissues have provided useful information to trace past human migration.
This study presents strontium isotope data of human tooth enamel excavated from a group of medieval Joseon tombs in Jeonju, southwestern Korea. The enamel samples are divided into two isotopic populations yielding average 87Sr/86Sr of 0.71077 ± 0.00031 (group I) and 0.71233 ± 0.00032 (group II). Considering the gender distribution, 87Sr/86Sr ratios of group I may better represent the local value of biologically available strontium. Contrasting 87Sr/86Sr patterns of acetic acid extracts and residues of enamel fragments from a male of group I and a female of group II suggest their different residential mobility during childhood. The 87Sr/86Sr range of group I enamel is considerably lower than that reported from basement granites in the Jeonju area. Strontium in this group may have been conveyed from rainfall, and soluble soil fractions composed mainly of low- Rb/Sr minerals such as plagioclase. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0024-3 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003926 | oai_dc | Epicenter relocation of two 2013 earthquake sequences in the Yellow Sea, Korea, using travel-time double-differences and Lg-wave cross-correlation | Epicenter relocation of two 2013 earthquake sequences in the Yellow Sea, Korea, using travel-time double-differences and Lg-wave cross-correlation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Minkyung Son(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Jin Soo Shin(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Geunyoung Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Chang Soo Cho(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera)"
] | We have analyzed two 2013 earthquake sequences from the Yellow Sea of Korea, expecting to provide basic information on offshore seismogenic structures of western Korea. The doubledifference technique with Lg-wave cross-correlation enabled our computation of accurate epicenters for small earthquakes. Including 24 events newly detected by cross-correlation, we relocated 55 events that occurred south of Baekryeong Island after May 17. We employed six stations, including a station 210 km from the epicenters to reduce the azimuthal gap. Relocated epicenters tightly clustered, and led us to deduce a possible rupture plane. We clearly separated two clusters using waveform similarity classification of Lg coda that suggests an east–west strike for the fault-plane solution of the mainshock (Mw 4.9). Offshore of the city of Boryeong, more than 150 earthquakes occurred from July through August, which is abnormal seismicity for Korea. We relocate 149 epicenters displaying high waveform similarity using 11 stations with an azimuthal gap exceeding 130o. Relocated epicenters form a 700-m line with clear northeastward progression during the period, and correspond well with the northeast–southwest strike of the fault-plane solution for the largest event (ML 3.8). From the sequence, we classified two spatiotemporally separated clusters by Lg-coda waveform similarity. The clearly observed moveout of Pg arrivals have validated our relocation results. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0038-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003723 | oai_dc | Geochemical characterization of an organic-rich carbonate from the Grosmont Formation, Alberta, Canada | Geochemical characterization of an organic-rich carbonate from the Grosmont Formation, Alberta, Canada | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"설정환(전남대학교); Youngwoo Kil(Chonnam National University, R.O. Korea); Ji-Hoon Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Jiyoung Choi(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Il-Mo Kang(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)"
] | The Grosmont Formation is a massive, organic-rich carbonate deposit that subdivides into upper (UG) and lower (LG) units. Geochemical analyses of Grosmont carbonate rocks collected from wells 10-12-93-24W4 and 11-33-94-22W4 allowed us to differentiate the depositional and diagenetic conditions for these two units. The UG unit subdivides into three subunits (UG1–UG3) and consists of fine- to coarse-crystalline and subhedral dolomite.
The LG unit consists of dolomitic limestone and calcareous dolostone with medium- to coarse-crystalline, euhedral to subhedral dolomite and calcite. These units also include small amounts of quartz, illite, pyrite, K-feldspar and other trace minerals. Petrographic and geochemical analyses indicate that the LG unit formed under influence of clastic sediment input. Isotopic ratios for UG dolomites suggest precipitation within a near surface environment under evaporitic/ hypersaline conditions. By contrast, the LG dolomite may have formed in a diagenetic environment at salinities lower than those inferred for UG samples, according to observed isotopic ratios. Both UG and LG carbonates exhibit 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7082 to 0.7086) and δ18O values (–4.03 to –6.09‰ PDB) that are consistent with formation from Devonian seawater at temperatures ranging from 44 °C to 57 °C. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0023-4 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002004011 | oai_dc | Steady seepage simulation of underground oil storage caverns based on Signorini type variational inequality formulation | Steady seepage simulation of underground oil storage caverns based on Signorini type variational inequality formulation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yunfeng Dai(Hohai University); Zhifang Zhou(Hohai University)"
] | To analyze the seepage characteristics of water-sealed underground oil storage caverns, a calculation software was programmed based on the Signorini type variational inequality formulation.
The storage region and boundary condition of oil-groundwater contact surface were generalized, and a two-dimensional numerical simulation model of finite-element method was built. The seepage characteristics and the water inflow of oil storage caverns were analyzed, while the conditions of different oil levels in caverns with water curtain system were taken into account. The effect of a water curtain system was assessed, and the design parameters of water curtain system such as width, water pressure, borehole space, and elevation were evaluated. The seepage simulation model was applied to estimate the seepage field and water inflow of the Huangdao underground oil storage caverns during the future operation period. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0041-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002004016 | oai_dc | Carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry: a review of recent advances in CO2 gas evolution, purification, measurement and standardization techniques | Carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry: a review of recent advances in CO2 gas evolution, purification, measurement and standardization techniques | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Christopher Spencer(McMaster University); Sang-Tae Kim(McMaster University)"
] | Carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry is based upon the principle that the formation temperature of carbonates is proportional to the relative abundance of 13C18O16O in CO2 produced through carbonate acid digestion. Furthermore, the relative abundance of 13C18O16O is independent of the δ18O value of parent water, providing a viable alternative to the classic oxygen isotope carbonate-water paleothermometer. The temperature resolution of this newly developed paleothermometer primarily relies on the analytical techniques required to determine the clumped isotope composition of a carbonate mineral. These analytical techniques involve: (1) CO2 gas evolution, in which carbonate is reacted with phosphoric acid, yielding CO2 with a clumped isotope composition proportional to the carbonate formation temperature; (2) CO2 purification, in which a rigorous purification of acid-liberated CO2 is achieved by removing contaminants; (3) clumped isotope measurement, in which a customized gas-source isotope ratio mass spectrometer quantifies the raw clumped isotope composition (Δ47) of the purified CO2 gas; and (4) inter-laboratory standardization, in which raw Δ47 values are normalized with respect to a community-accepted reference frame. This review provides an overview and comparison of the analytical techniques currently utilized in stable isotope laboratories for Δ47 measurements, specifically discussing carbonate pre-treatment techniques, phosphoric acid digestion systems, isotope and temperature effects during carbonate phosphoric acid digestion, CO2 purification processes, and the challenges associated with the measurement and standardization of the Δ47 value. Continued refinement of these analytical techniques will aid in reducing sample size, increasing sample throughput, and improving Δ47 external precision and associated paleotemperature resolution. Furthermore, these advances may assist in elucidating the source of discrepancies in slope between two groups of reported carbonate clumped isotope thermometer calibrations. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0018-1 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002003752 | oai_dc | Superposition of structures in the Sichuan‒Yunnan N-S tectonic belt at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: constraints from structures and magnetic fabrics | Superposition of structures in the Sichuan‒Yunnan N-S tectonic belt at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: constraints from structures and magnetic fabrics | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yingtao Chen(Northwest University); Guowei Zhang(Northwest University); Rukui Lu(Northwest University); Jinqiang Xie(Northwest University)"
] | In this study on the northern section of the Sichuan– Yunnan tectonic belt (SYNSTB), which is on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, we assess the characteristics of superposed structures in the Daliang–Shan and Hanyuan–Ganluo fault belts, as well as in the Ganluo Basin that lies between them. By integrating field observations of structures with an analysis of magnetic fabrics, we show that the northern section of the SYNSTB underwent two episodes of deformation during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. The first episode was characterized by NE-SW shortening that was initiated in the Late Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, and it may be related to the clockwise rotation of Yangtze Block and the far field effect of the Neo-Tethys ocean basin closed; and the second by NW-SE compressional shearing that was initiated in the Miocene–Pliocene and continues to the present day, and it is the result of the eastern extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau material. The magnetic fabrics associated with the weak deformation of the Ganluo Basin are mainly the result of layer-parallel shortening before folding, which is inferred to indicate Mesozoic NE-SW compression. In addition, the following atypical magnetic fabrics are present: (1) a magnetic foliation that is oblique to the bedding and associated with layerparallel simple shearing during folding, and (2) a magnetic lineation that is oblique to the strike of bedding to varying degrees, and that is the result of two superposed structures. The integrated study of field structures and magnetic fabrics indicates, therefore, that the N-S structures of the SYNSTB were mainly developed in the Mesozoic, but were subsequently overprinted by left-lateral strike-slip shearing during the Cenozoic. The resulting composite tectonic system provides further information on the tectonic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0050-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882724 | oai_dc | An occurrence of the post-orogenic Triassic strata on Deokjeok Island, western Gyeonggi massif, Korea | An occurrence of the post-orogenic Triassic strata on Deokjeok Island, western Gyeonggi massif, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김윤섭(충북대학교); 엄현우(충북대학교); 정원석(서울대학교); 김태훈(극지연구소 극지지구시스템연구부); 이기욱(한국기초과학지원연구원)"
] | The U-Pb isotopic compositions of zircon from ametasandstone cobble and a granitic dyke in Deokjeok Island, westernGyeonggi massif, Korea, were measured using a SHRIMP-IIion microprobe to constrain the depositional age of cobble-bearingmetasedimentary strata. The metasandstone cobble, collected from ametaconglomerate of the slighltly-metamorphosed sedimentary unit(SMU), yielded 50 to 200 μm long zircon crystals showing variableinternal structures together with rounded corners. Sixty spotswere analysed from 60 detrital crystals, including two spots ofPermian metamorphic overgrowth dated at 255 ± 4 Ma (1σ) and263 ± 4 Ma (1σ), respectively. Except for the Permian ages, theirU-Pb age distribution pattern is characterized by a few major populationsat ~400 Ma, ~1.0 Ga and ~2.5 Ga, and several minor peaksbetween 400 Ma and 2.5 Ga. This pattern is identical to that of theDevonian Taean Formation widespread along the western Gyeonggimassif. On the other hand, the ~260 Ma overgrowth age in the cobblecould represent the zircon fraction formed in the sedimentary protolithof the cobble during the Permo-Triassic collisional orogeny.
Zircon crystals from a granitic dyke intruding the SMU generallyshowed the oscillatory zonation, and yielded the weighted mean206Pb/238U age of 225 ± 3 (tσ), corresponding to its intrusion age. Itis thus likely that the cobble-bearing strata might have depositedduring the Triassic prior to 225 Ma. Moreover, the SMU unit mayrepresent post-orogenic sediementary strata filling the extensionalbasin developing along the suture at the western margin of the Gyeonggimassif. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0027-5 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882726 | oai_dc | Occurrences and origins of soft-sediment deformation structures in the late Pleistocene marine terrace deposits of the southeastern coast of Korea | Occurrences and origins of soft-sediment deformation structures in the late Pleistocene marine terrace deposits of the southeastern coast of Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이호일(부경대학교); 백인성(부경대학교); 강희철(부경대학교); 천종화(한국지질자원연구원)"
] | Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are examinedin the late Pleistocene marine terrace deposits of the southeasterncoast of the Korean Peninsula. The marine terrace deposits areexposed in thicknesses of more than 10 m, and consist of lagoon,foreshore to backshore, coastal dune, and foreshore to backshoredeposits in ascending order. The SSDS are restricted to the coastaldune deposits and the upper part of the underlying foreshore tobackshore deposits, and are grouped into ductile and brittle deformationstructures. The ductile deformation structures include irregularlaminations, compacted laminations in the hinge zone of folds,asymmetric folds of foreset laminae, and water escape structures.
The brittle deformation structures include syndepositional faultsor deformation bands. The most probable triggering mechanismfor the SSDS is liquefaction by moderate-magnitude earthquakes(M = 5–5.5). Likely, the SSDS were generated over time in variousstress fields, including those of main shocks, aftershocks, and laterseismic events. The evolution of the SSDS-bearing deposits in thestudy area can be summarised as follows: 1) rising of the groundwatertable in the coastal dune deposits as a result of seismic shock,2) formation of SSDS by liquefaction in the lower part of the dunedeposits and upper part of the underlying foreshore to backshoredeposits, 3) descending of the groundwater table, and 4) depositionof foreshore to backshore deposits on the SSDS-bearing dune depositswith erosion of the top of the dune deposits. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0070-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882730 | oai_dc | Sources and trace element geochemical characteristics of the coarse sediment in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River | Sources and trace element geochemical characteristics of the coarse sediment in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Xiaopeng Jia(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Haibing Wang(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Hongfang Wang(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | Siltation of coarse sediment in the river channel isthe main cause of flooding and dike burst on China’s Yellow River,and the loess are thought as the coarse sediment sources of the lowerreach of the Yellow River. The Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches ofthe Yellow River flow through an extensive area of aeolian desert,with flood events occurring frequently in this region. In this paper,we investigate the trace element contents of the coarse sediment inthe Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River. The mainchemical components of the coarse sediments consist of 28 traceelements. Correlation analysis and factor analysis of 21 of thesetrace elements indicates that Ti and Zr are stable indicators of thecoarse sediment sources. Comparing the spatial distribution of someof the main trace elements to major sources and riverbed sedimentof the main reaches of the Yellow River suggests that the coarsesediments deposited in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches aremostly controlled by the local sediment sources. The results of R-factoranalysis further proved that desert sand, riverbank material,and the Ten Tributaries are the primary sources of the coarse sedimentin the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0052-9 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882734 | oai_dc | Estimating soil water retention function from its particle-size distribution | Estimating soil water retention function from its particle-size distribution | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이태규(서울대학교); 노희명(서울대학교)"
] | Knowledge of the soil water retention curve (SWRC)is indispensable for characterizing and modeling water flow andsolute transport in soils. However, since direct measurement of theSWRC in a laboratory is expensive, time-consuming, and laborious,the SWRC has been frequently estimated from more easilymeasurable soil properties. Previously, we formulated an asymmetry-based pore-solid fractal (PSF) model that addresses asymmetriesin fractal dimensions between the distributions of particlesize(PSD) and pore-size (POD) to better estimate the SWRC fromthe PSD data of a soil. Despite this effort, however, the asymptoticproblems of a single power-law function when soil water contentsare close to saturation still remains unresolved. To overcome suchdrawbacks, we addressed functional similarities between the cumulativePSD (cPSD) and the SWRC to avoid the asymptotic problemsand the concept of the slope of the SWRC at its inflection point totreat a bimodal POD, and evaluated the performance of both modelsusing experimental PSD and SWRC data from the UNSODAdatabase (103 soils for model calibration and 46 soils for model validation).
Some limitations of the performance of the models werediscussed by applying the models to various soils. The fit of the cPSDand the SWRC to the calibration dataset showed that both modelsperformed well irrespective of soil textures and the square of thePearson product-moment correlation coefficient was 0.987 and 0.965,respectively. The values of the inflection points of the cPSD (pc)increased with increasing sand fraction, while those of the SWRC(hc) decreased, indicating that coarse-textured soils had smallerparticle-size and larger suction head at the inflection points thanfiner-textured soils. Quadratic regression relationship between theshape-related parameters (mp for the cPSD and mh for the SWRC)showed that the magnitude of mh changed little in the lower rangeof mp but increased abruptly in the higher range of mp, indicatingthat the slope of the SWRC becomes steeper as the soil texturebecomes coarser. Overall, the cPSD model fitted the measureddata reasonably well, indicating that the residual fraction (Fr) thataccounts for the contribution of fine-size colloidal fraction to soilwater retention was adequate. Validation results with various soilsshowed that the performance of the SWRC model was dependenton the accuracy of the estimated inflection point. Although thecPSD model performed better than the SWRC model, the fittingresults indicated that the adoption of functional similarities betweenthe cPSD and the SWRC and the concept of point of inflection wasadequate. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0017-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882731 | oai_dc | A distributed water balance approach to groundwater recharge estimation for Jeju volcanic island, Korea | A distributed water balance approach to groundwater recharge estimation for Jeju volcanic island, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Changhui Park(Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Development C); Jungah Seo(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource); Jejung Lee(University of Missouri); 하규철(한국지질자원연구원); 구민호(공주대학교)"
] | Groundwater is a major source of water use in Jejuvolcanic island of Korea. Due to highly permeable surface conditions,the island does not have any perennial streams or rivers. Therefore,accurate estimation of groundwater recharge and understandinggroundwater system are critical to make a reliable water budget inthe island. A distributed quasi steady state water balance model,WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants andAtmosphere under quasi Steady State) was adopted to estimatespatially-varying groundwater recharge considering soil type, landuse, topography, and groundwater depth. The results from thestudy using weather data from October 2006 to September 2007indicated that the eastern and northern parts of the island showedrelatively higher rate of recharge as compared with the westernregion. A total of 69% of recharge occurred in the middle of theIsland where topographic elevation is greater than 200 m from themean sea level. The total amount of recharge was 1,935.6 milliontons, 41.8% of the total precipitation. The higher rate of rechargewas observed in the watersheds where forest and bare soil as landuses, and sandy loam and clay loam as soil types are dominant.
The total runoff was 1,142.7 million tons (24.7%) and the totalevapotranspiration was 1,555.7 million tons (33.5%). The zonalhydraulic conductivities estimated with groundwater flow modelingand parameter estimation process showed a wide range of valuesfrom 1.2 m/d to 5,380 m/d. The results of groundwater flowmodeling indicated that the crest of groundwater table is off-centeredfrom the peak of Mt. Halla toward south. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0063-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882735 | oai_dc | Variation of the summer low SST area in the southwestern coast of Korea | Variation of the summer low SST area in the southwestern coast of Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"강기룡(기상청 국가태풍센터); 이상룡(부산대학교)"
] | Variation of the low sea surface temperature (LSST)area in the southwestern coast of was analyzed using the daily satellite-observed sea surface temperature data in 2005. The harmonicfitting method was used to separate the long-term variation(= annual + semi-annual components) from the raw data at eachgrid point, and the residual was estimated by subtracting the longtermcomponent. Investigating the amplitude and phase of tidalcomponents such as Mm and Mf made possible to check the tidalvariability of LSST especially in August, and the area of LSST wasestimated by comparing the long-term value and linear correlationwith lowest SST area. SST was decreased during the spring tide andincreased during the neap tide, and the maximum SST differencebetween the spring and neap was about 5 °C, and horizontal gradientwas 0.05–0.1 °C/km in the area. When the LSST area inAugust was defined by using two conditions: lower SST than thelong-term variation and high correlation coefficient with the lowesttemperature area at 34.5°N, 125.65°E, it varied with tidal periodshowing peaks during the spring tide. The area also showed inphasefor the Mm and Mf components with 0.9–1.5 °C of amplitude,and especially the phase distribution of Mf showed the elongatedcirculararound the lowest temperature area, indicating that thetidal mixing could be a major factor of this phenomenon. Themaximum LSST area were 2.69×104, 8.71×103, and 2.62×103 km2for the correlation coefficients 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95, respectively. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0055-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882737 | oai_dc | Latitudinal shifts in the Polar Front in Indian sector of the Southern Ocean: evidences from silicoflagellate assemblage | Latitudinal shifts in the Polar Front in Indian sector of the Southern Ocean: evidences from silicoflagellate assemblage | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Suhas S. Shetye(National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research, In); Rahul Mohan(National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research, In); Abhilash Nair(National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research, In)"
] | We used silicoflagellate assemblage records to describethe polar frontal variability over the last 48kyr in the Indian sectorof the Southern Ocean. The studied core was collected onboardORV Sagar Nidhi from within the Polar frontal zone (PFZ) duringthe 4th Indian Scientific Expedition to Southern Ocean. The Polar frontis dominated by silica-rich sediments (diatoms and silicoflagellates).
Silicoflagellates were dominated by Distephanus speculum andDictyocha fibula species. The biostratigraphic record of these silicoflagellateswas used qualitatively to examine past changes inpolar frontal variability in the Southern Ocean. Warming is indicatedby an increase (decrease) in Dictyocha sp. (Distephanus sp.) from theLGM to the Holocene. Dictyocha sp. abundance indicates warmertemperatures during 43–45 kyr and is nearly synchronous withthe warming event recorded in an Antarctic ice core. Dictyocha/Distephanus ratio also suggests a northern and southern shift inthe polar front during LGM and 43–45 kyr respectively. The southwarddisplacement of the frontal system is linked to an increase insea surface temperature as evidenced from the δ18O Byrd Antarcticice core data and solar insolation data. The low dust flux, higherδ18O and absence of an upwelling indicator diatom, Thallasionemanitzchoides during the Antarctic warming event also suggest strongerthermal stratification during the Antarctic warming event ascompared to LGM. The present study would improve our understandingof the frontal variability under future warming scenarios. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0061-8 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882728 | oai_dc | Site characterization and geotechnical aspects on geological storage of CO2 in Korea | Site characterization and geotechnical aspects on geological storage of CO2 in Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김아람(한국과학기술원); 조계춘(한국과학기술원); 권태혁(한국과학기술원)"
] | The long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deepgeological formations, known as geological CO2 storage (GCS), hasthe potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 20%, a figure considerednecessary to stabilize atmospheric CO2 levels over the next century.
The purpose of this paper is to present the current state andfuture direction of geological CO2 sequestration in Korea. Thisstudy reviewed current storage technologies and strategies relatedto GCS worldwide, and the most suitable basins for GCS in Koreawere selected from current available geophysical and geologicalresearch results. Finally, scientific questions and technical challengeswere discussed in relation to the injection, storage, and monitoringprocesses from geotechnical engineering perspectives. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0065-4 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882733 | oai_dc | Relationship between groundwater and climate change in South Korea | Relationship between groundwater and climate change in South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이병대(한국지질자원연구원); 함세영(부산대학교); 장성(한국농어촌공사); 정재열(한국방사성폐기물관리공단); 김규범(한국수자원공사)"
] | Climate change has resulted in a gradual increase inthe surface temperature and significantly variable precipitation indifferent regions of the world. Linear regression of the groundwaterlevels in Korea between 2000 and 2010 revealed a decreasingtrend with a slope of –29.2 mm/yr; –29.6 mm/yr in the wet seasonand –32.0 mm/yr in the dry season. Mann-Kendall and Sen’s testswere carried out using the groundwater levels and groundwatertemperatures at 78 locations in South Korea between 2000 and2010. The groundwater levels showed a trend in ~50% of the 78groundwater level datasets, of which ~70% exhibited a decreasingtrend at the 95% confidence level. This decreasing trend in thegroundwater levels appears to be related to a change in the precipitationin South Korea because more abundant rainfall in thewet season each year does not contribute significantly to groundwaterrecharge, whereas less rainfall that occurs in the dry season cancause a decrease in the groundwater level. Linear regression of thegroundwater temperatures revealed a slope of 0.1006 °C/yr between2000 and 2010 with a gentler slope (0.08 °C/yr) in summer (June–September), showing that the increase in surface temperature hasan impact on increasing the groundwater temperature. In this situationof climate change in Korea, the paradigm of groundwatermanagement strategy needs to be altered properly. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0062-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882719 | oai_dc | Geochemistry of anorthositic xenolith and host tholeiite basalt from Jeju Island, South Korea | Geochemistry of anorthositic xenolith and host tholeiite basalt from Jeju Island, South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"백설(충남대학교); 최성희(충남대학교); 이승구(한국지질연구원); 이승렬(한국지질연구원); 이효민(한국지질연구원)"
] | Volcanic rocks on Jeju Island consist mainly ofintraplate alkaline lavas with subordinate intercalated tholeiitebasaltic rocks. The alkaline suite can be divided into high-Al alkali(HAA) and low-Al alkali (LAA) sub-suites. We determined the87Sr/86Sr ratios of anorthositic xenolith plagioclases and the Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of the host tholeiite basalt (Taeheungribasalt). The anorthositic xenoliths are considered to representbuoyancy-induced floating cumulates from previous tholeiitemagmatism on Jeju Island. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the xenolithplagioclases are highly elevated compared with those of the Jejutholeiite lavas, including the host basalt. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios ofthe Jeju volcanic rocks increase from the LAA through the HAAto the tholeiite suite. The tholeiite suite generally exhibits lessradiogenic 143Nd/144Nd ratios than the alkaline suite. In Pb-Pbspace, the tholeiite suite has, in general, elevated 207Pb/204Pbratios compared with those of the alkaline suite at a given 206Pb/204Pb ratio. In contrast to the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, the two alkalinesub-suites (HAA and LAA) display indistinguishable Nd and Pbisotope compositions. Notably, some of the tholeiite and HAAsuites exhibit distinctive positive anomalies in Eu and Sr in thetrace element distribution pattern and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios increaseas a function of the degree of Sr or Eu enrichment. These observations,along with the relatively fractionated nature of the tholeiiteand especially the HAA suites, indicate that the suites might beproducts of assimilation of plagioclase-rich cumulates, possibly atlower crustal depth, during parent magma evolution. Jeju volcanicrocks exhibit a mixing line between Indian mid-ocean ridgebasalt-like depleted mantle and enriched mantle type 2 (EM2)components in Sr-Nd and Pb-Pb isotope correlation diagrams.
The enriched component, the source of which may have been theasthenosphere, is supposed to have been higher in the Jejutholeiite magmatism than in the alkaline magmatism. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0060-9 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001882738 | oai_dc | Holocene records of paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic changes in the western Arctic | Holocene records of paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic changes in the western Arctic | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김소영(한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소); 남승일(한국극지연구소)"
] | Understanding of past climate variability on millennialto decadal scales are of primary importance in order to assessmodern processes and predict future climatic events. Past historyof Arctic climate changes is currently receiving increasing attentiondue to the recent phenomena of rapid sea-ice reduction. Inthis paper, we thoroughly reviewed the Holocene history of spatiotemporalclimatic changes in the western Arctic region in order tobetter understand recent rapid environmental changes occurringin the Pacific sector of the Arctic, and further to discuss criticalissues and new perspectives on the western Arctic in terms of paleoclimateresearches. Records of temporal and spatial variations insea-ice extents as well as marine and terrestrial paleoclimatic proxiesshow a strong asynchronicity between the western and easternArctic throughout the Holocene. The reason for this apparent contradictionacross the Arctic may be linked to freshwater dischargesover the Arctic shelves and the inflow of the Pacific freshwaterinto the western Arctic Ocean in coupled with a complex interactionbetween atmospheric and sea-ice dynamics. Special emphasisis placed on a tentative linkage of the late Holocene paleoclimaticevents between the Arctic regions and the northwestern Pacificmargin, highlighting the notion that climatic events of the northernPacific Ocean is closely linked to the global climate system throughhydrological dynamics in the western Arctic Ocean. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0059-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859123 | oai_dc | Evidence of air-snow mercury exchange recorded in the snowpack at Dome Fuji, Antarctica | Evidence of air-snow mercury exchange recorded in the snowpack at Dome Fuji, Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yeongcheol Han(서울대학교); 허영숙(서울대학교); 홍성민(인하대학교); 허순도(한국해양연구원); Hideaki Motoyama(National Institute of Polar Research)"
] | Measuring the mercury content in shallow Antarctic snow pits is useful for understanding the mercury dynamics of the Antarctic Plateau and the global mercury cycle and for interpreting ice core data. We determined the total mercury concentration (HgT) in snow samples successively collected at 5 cm intervals from two 4 m deep snow pits at Dome Fuji. The measured mercury concentration varied between 0.32 (the detection limit) and 2.93 pg g–1 (n = 160) with depth and was lower than that of summertime surface snow that was sampled simultaneously. This finding is consistent with previous observations that a bidirectional exchange of mercury between the snowpack and the atmosphere led to an increase in HgT in the surface snow during the summer. However, the contribution of the air-snow Hg exchange to the net Hg sequestration was offset by the intense re-emission of deposited mercury over the past ~50 years. Our results demonstrate that the Antarctic Plateau snowpack is a temporary reservoir of mercury rather than a permanent sink. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0054-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859124 | oai_dc | Use of environmental and applied tracers for groundwater studies in Korea | Use of environmental and applied tracers for groundwater studies in Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이진용(강원대학교)"
] | With a growing demand for fresh water, mainly due to the rapidly developing economy, their interests focus on securing plentiful groundwater resources for drinking, domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition, remediation of contaminated groundwater has become another main interest. Hence, many environmental tracers, such as CFCs, Ra, Rn, CH4,δ18O, δD, 3H, He, δ13C, δ37Cl, and applied tracers, such as Cl–, Br– and rhodamine WT, have been widely used in the country for groundwater studies with different purposes. The main purposes include estimations of submarine groundwater discharge pathways and their quantification in coastal regions, especially in Jeju (volcanic island), as well as examinations of groundwater origin and mixing with stream water, groundwater age dating, tracing (apportioning) the contamination sources of chlorinated solvents (e.g., TCE, PCE) in industrial areas, and identification of reservoir (large dam) leakage. This paper reviews the use of environmental and applied tracers in Korean groundwater studies and provides perspectives on their use. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0050-y | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859120 | oai_dc | The effect of surcharge pressure on the cyclic vertical deformations for expansive clayey soils in Morocco | The effect of surcharge pressure on the cyclic vertical deformations for expansive clayey soils in Morocco | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Saad Bensallam(Mohammed V-Agdal University); Lahcen Bahi(Mohammed V-Agdal University); Mohamed Alaoui(Hydraulic facilities direction); Houssine Ejjaaouani(Public laboratory of testing and studies); Vladimir Shakhirev(Public laboratory of testing and studies)"
] | The succession of wet and dry periods due to seasonal variations strongly influences the behavior of expansive clayey soils, and the negligence of this influencing parameter can compromise the long-term stability of structures built on these soils. To analyze this specific cyclic behavior, laboratory tests were performed during three wetting-drying successive cycles. In addition, the cyclic effect analysis was combined to the applied load effect in order to evaluate how the applied load can affect the cyclic behavior of expansive soils (clayey soil from the north of Safi, Morocco). It clearly appears that upon successive cycles, both swelling and shrinkage deformations decrease, and that the applied load modifies the soil behavior by reducing both deformations and soil kinetics. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0043-x | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859116 | oai_dc | Application of Taguchi method to satellite image fusion for object-oriented mapping of Barchan dunes | Application of Taguchi method to satellite image fusion for object-oriented mapping of Barchan dunes | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Vahid Moosavi(Tarbiat Modares University); Seyed Rashid Fallah Shamsi(Shiraz University); Hamidreza Moradi(Tarbiat Modares University); Bagher Shirmohammadi(Tarbiat Modares University)"
] | In this study, a wavelet-based method and some standard fusion methods were performed on IRS Panchromatic and multi-spectral images to benefit from its spatial and spectral advantages simultaneously. Selection of the best fusion parameters using a trial and error approach is often very time-consuming. So the best wavelet-based fusion parameters were determined using optimization Taguchi method and the importance degree of these parameters in wavelet-based image fusion efficiency were figured out. As a preliminary result, image fusion with Db4 as the wavelet type in which images were decomposed in level 4 with the Maximum and Mean functions as fusion methods for approximations and details is the best wavelet-based fusion method. The method has been compared with several standard fusion techniques according to spectral and spatial characteristics of participating bands. The results indicate that the wavelet based method presents a better spectral performance than the standard ones (R = 0.96), but PCA fusion method has a better spatial performance (RMSE = 1.06). This study also indicates that Taguchi method can be used accurately in order to optimize the performance of wavelet-based image fusion and determine the importance degree of parameters used in this method. Finally, a pixel-based and an object-oriented classification procedure have been employed to delineate barchan dunes using the fused images. The results show that object-oriented approach outperforms pixel-based approach in classifying barchan dunes (Kappa = 0.73 for pixel-based and Kappa = 0.87 for object-oriented). It is also demonstrated that the wavelet-based fused images are better inputs for classification processes than the others. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0044-9 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859118 | oai_dc | Detection of vertical slope movement in highly vegetated tropical area of Gunung pass landslide, Malaysia, using L-band InSAR technique | Detection of vertical slope movement in highly vegetated tropical area of Gunung pass landslide, Malaysia, using L-band InSAR technique | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mustafa Neamah Jebur(University Putra Malaysia); Biswajeet Pradhan(University Putra Malaysia); Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany(University Putra Malaysia)"
] | Landslides are one of the most dangerous natural hazards in the world which have significant negative impact on so many lives and properties. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is an imaging technique for measuring changes in the detailed characteristics of the surface which is timely and cost effective. This research aimed to detect the landslide that occurred in Gunung pass area, Malaysia using InSAR generated from ALOS-PALSAR repeat pass data. The signals information was converted into amplitude and phase for both scenes where the phases were used to construct the InSAR. Goldstein filter was used to reduce the phase noise and the results were used as an input for phase unwrapping. Using the unwrapped phase, the vertical displacement was measured and landslide was recognized. Results showed the efficiency of InSAR in detecting the movement of landslide in Gunung pass without the differential having to generate DInSAR. The results were validated using the observed reference point of the landslides and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.19. Furthermore, advance 3D processing was performed for measuring the volume of the landslides. The achievements of current research represented that PALSAR data yield excellent performance to generate the interferometric and landslide could be detected very precisely in highly vegetated tropical forest. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0053-8 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859114 | oai_dc | Effects of radiogenic heat production and mantle compressibility on the behaviors of Venus’ and Earth’s mantle and lithosphere | Effects of radiogenic heat production and mantle compressibility on the behaviors of Venus’ and Earth’s mantle and lithosphere | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이창열(전남대학교)"
] | The effects of radiogenic heat production and mantle compressibility on the behaviors of Venus’ and Earth’s mantle and lithosphere are evaluated using a series of two-dimensional Cartesian numerical models with pressure- and temperature-dependent rheology. The main findings of the numerical model experiments are summarized as follows. 1) Radiogenic heat production increases the mean mantle temperature and strengthens the vigor of mantle convection. This increased mantle temperature reduces the thickness of the thermal lithosphere. If the radiogenic heat production of Venus is comparable to that of Earth, the mantle temperature in Venus’ deep lower mantle will be significantly increased. 2) Mantle compressibility weakens the vigor of mantle convection, especially in the deep lower mantle, and the thickness of the thermal lithosphere is increased as a result of the lower temperature of the upper mantle. Mantle compressibility generates additional mantle adiabat of approximately 0.14–0.25 K/km, comparable to the mantle adiabat of approximately 0.35 K/km generated by the adiabatic mantle compression. 3) Radiogenic heat production and mantle compressibility collaboratively contribute to the behaviors of Venus’ and Earth’s mantle and lithosphere. The additional mantle adiabat is linearly shifted by the additional heat of the radiogenic heat production. 4) Regardless of the radiogenic heat production and mantle compressibility, the Venus’ sluggish and Earth’ stagnant motion of the thermal lithosphere are inconsistent with their present-day immobile and mobile plate motions, respectively. The presences of water and volatiles, plastic rheology, extreme greenhouse effects, and/or transient mantle layering are essential for Venus’ and Earth’s characteristic evolutions. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0064-5 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859121 | oai_dc | Hydrogeologic characteristics and groundwater potentiality mapping using potential surface analysis in the Huay Sai area, Phetchaburi province, Thailand | Hydrogeologic characteristics and groundwater potentiality mapping using potential surface analysis in the Huay Sai area, Phetchaburi province, Thailand | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jaturon Konkul(Chulalongkorn University); Wiewwiwun Rojborwornwittaya(Chulalongkorn University); Srilert Chotpantarat(Chulalongkorn University)"
] | The Huay Sai Royal Development Study Centre, located in southern Thailand, one of the agricultural areas still faces a lack of water, especially in the drought season. The aims of this study were to explain the hydrogeological characteristics of aquifers and evaluate the groundwater potentiality. The results revealed three types of aquifer: unconsolidated floodplain deposits aquifer (Qfd) and the consolidated Permo-Carboniferus metasedimentary (PCms) aquifer and granitic (Gr) aquifer. The main groundwater direction of the Qfd and PCms aquifers flow from the south-western to the north-eastern area. The groundwater potential, as assessed by potential surface analysis (PSA), using the rainfall, recharge, lithology, lineament density, slope, drainage density, depth to groundwater and water quality as thematic layers in a GIS system. Groundwater potentiality classes ranged from very high (in the Rai Mai Pattana area) to very low (in the Sam Praya area). The output groundwater potential map was congruent with the maximum yield data carried out by the Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR). The map declared that the Huay Sai area is commonly of moderate groundwater potentiality, where this category covers an area of 116.6 km2 (56.74% of the study area). | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0047-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859119 | oai_dc | Optimal pumping time for a pump-and-treat determined from radial convergent tracer tests | Optimal pumping time for a pump-and-treat determined from radial convergent tracer tests | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김정우(서울대학교)"
] | Pump-and-treat is a process of pumping out of a groundwater and alleviating dissolved contaminants. The amount is, however, limited because pollutants only within the designed capture zone are removed by the pumping well. When planning a pump-and-treat, the optimal number and location of the pumping well should be determined by considering the appropriate pumping time. The pump-and-treat process is a similar concept to a radial convergent tracer test, because it removes a limited amount of pollutants within a radius corresponding to the tracer’s travel distance. From that point, a relationship between the optimal operating efficiency and the design of the pump-and-treat was derived through eight radial convergent tracer tests. The optimal pumping time for optimal removal through repetitive pumping and resting was evaluated at the test sites using the PŽclet number. As a result, optimal removal increased, and the optimal pumping time needed for optimal removal to occur was found to increase as the PŽclet number increased. A relationship was derived between optimal removal and optimal pumping time based on the PŽclet number. Although the reasonable maximum cumulative removal of pollutants can be determined during actual operations at a site, an estimate is possible using the derived relationship between the PŽclet number and optimal removal if the PŽclet number for the site is known during the design and planning stage. Optimal removal at sites can vary, but it is desirable to set a target removal rate of <50% regardless of how high the PŽclet number is. Generally, the pumping rate is determined when the capture zone is designed. Therefore, based on the determined pumping rate and the PŽclet number of the site, the required pumping time can be estimated through the optimal pumping time curves derived in this study. The concentrations of pollutants in the groundwater are monitored during pumping. After the optimal pumping time, the resting time is established so that they do not exceed 70~90% of their equilibrium concentrations. The method proposed in this study is applied during the pump-and-treat design stage before actual operation; thus, the optimal pumping time should be adjusted according to measured decreases in concentration in the field. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0051-x | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859113 | oai_dc | Magnitude scaling relationships using P waves for earthquake early warning in South Korea | Magnitude scaling relationships using P waves for earthquake early warning in South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"신동훈(전남대학교); 임인섭(한국지질연구원); 박정호(한국지질연구원); 조헌철(한국지질연구원)"
] | The scaling relationships of the peak displacement, Pd, and the maximum predominant period, pmax, of P waves were investigated to estimate magnitudes for earthquake early warning in South Korea. Pd and pmax were measured for 504 vertical records from 70 earthquakes at distances of 20 to 100 km. The earthquakes occurred between 2001 and 2011 and ranged from ML = 3.0 to 5.2. Since the events were generally low to moderate in magnitude, the parameter for a real-time high-pass filter was adjusted and the first 3 seconds of the P-waves were processed. The scaling relationships of Pd and pmax obtained from iterative regressions were M = 1.17 log(Pd) + 0.87 log(R) + 6.57 and M = 3.30 log(pmax) + 5.75, respectively, where R is the epicentral distance in kilometers, Pd is in centimeters, and pmax is in seconds. The average errors of the magnitude estimates obtained from the mean of the Pd magnitude and pmax were 0.06 magnitude units for the calibration data but 0.37 for a recent magnitude 3.9 event, which implies that the scaling relationships can be used in these forms but the relationships still need to be improved with more data to be useful for mitigating damage from future earthquakes around the Korean Peninsula. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0066-3 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859112 | oai_dc | Re-estimation of Earth spin rotational energy decrease due to tidal friction | Re-estimation of Earth spin rotational energy decrease due to tidal friction | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"나성호(우주측지관측센터); 이석(우주측지관측센터)"
] | The Earth undergoes tidal deformation due to the Moon and the Sun, and its spin angular velocity is being gradually reduced by the tidal friction, while the Earth-Moon distance is slowly increasing accordingly. The amount of this energy loss has been formerly estimated by simplified two-dimensional model of the Earth-Moon system. In this study, we repeated the same kind of estimation with the latest data for the lunar recession rate. For more accurate estimation, we further developed a three-dimensional model by taking into account the Earth’s obliquity angle and lunar orbital inclination and eccentricity. The Earth spin rotational energy loss estimated from the three-dimensional model amounts to 3.54×1012 Watt, slightly greater than that (3.28×1012 Watt) from the two-dimensional model which tends to underestimate it due to oversimplification of the orbital geometry. About 97% of the energy loss is being transformed into heat of 3.42×1012 Watt, which is about the total human expenditure of electric power. The quality factors of the Earth’s body tide estimated from the energy loss, assuming that the body tidal dissipation is 5 to 10% of the total tidal dissipation, range from 90 to 190. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0069-0 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART001859115 | oai_dc | The laboratory evidence of phase transformation from landslide to debris flow | The laboratory evidence of phase transformation from landslide to debris flow | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ogbonnaya Igwe(University of Nigeria); Fawu Wang(Shimane University); Kyoji Sassa(Kyoto University); Hiroshi Fukuoka(Andong National University)"
] | The dominant factors initiating the transformation of landslides into catastrophic debris flow are examined. The research found that a threshold pore pressure determined from theoretical and experimental analysis was enough to initiate liquefaction type of failure in sandy materials. Loading tests to failure on source-area sandy soils from a catastrophic landslide location show that under definite conditions of loading, a threshold state, characterized by the equality and constancy of pore pressure and shear resistance develops in the sands at a threshold density. Sands at this density clearly define the boundary between contractive and dilative specimens under same effective normal stress. Confirmatory experiments were then conducted using silica sand. Analyses showed that samples in which the threshold pore pressure was exceeded readily liquefied while those in which the pore pressure was below the limit dilated. The concept of threshold pore pressure fills the gap created by classical theories of soils liquefaction that have identified densities at which phase transformation and steady state lines can be defined. The new concept shows there is a density at which both lines merge and it is proposed that sands transiting from dense to loose and vice versa will first pass through the threshold state. While the stability of a slope founded on sandy soils may be breached when the pore pressure exceeds a certain limit, it is possible to make estimates of the limit. Where such estimates are accompanied with adequate field measurements, the effectiveness of landslide prevention projects may be enhanced. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0049-4 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108513 | oai_dc | Re-examination of a supposed ‘archaeocyath’ specimen from the Hyangsanni Formation, Okcheon Basin, Korea | Re-examination of a supposed ‘archaeocyath’ specimen from the Hyangsanni Formation, Okcheon Basin, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jin-Han Ree(Korea University); Suk-Joo Choh(Korea University, R.O. Korea); Haemyeong Jung(Seoul National University, R.O. Korea); Dong-Jin Lee(Andong National University)"
] | A supposed ‘archaeocyath’ specimen from the Hyangsanni Formation of the Okcheon Basin (Okcheon Metamorphic Belt), Korea, reported about 50 years ago, has previously been used to constrain the depositional age of the metasedimentary succession in the basin. However, a re-examination of the specimen reveals that it lacks the typical morphology of archaeocyaths. A detailed petrographic and microfabric analysis of the specimen, combined with a review of outcrop structures and microstructures of the dolomitic marble in the Hyangsanni Formation indicates that the supposed archaeocyath- like shape of the specimen was caused by deformations and metamorphic reactions. The Cambrian age of the Hyangsanni Formation should therefore be re-examined on the basis of unequivocal palaeontological evidence and/or radiometric dating. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0023-z | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108517 | oai_dc | An application of rock physics modeling to quantify the seismic response of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Makran accretionary prism, offshore, Pakistan | An application of rock physics modeling to quantify the seismic response of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Makran accretionary prism, offshore, Pakistan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Muhammed Irfan Ehsan(China University of Geosciences); Nisar Ahmed(University of the Punjab); Perveiz Khalid(University of the Punjab); Liu Xue Wei(China University of Geosciences); Mustansar Naeem(University of the Punjab)"
] | Naturally occurring gas hydrates are potential future energy source. A significant amount of gas hydrates is interpreted through seismic reflection data in the form of bottom simulating reflector (BSR) present in the sediments of the convergent continental margin of Pakistan. However, the seismic character of these hydratebearing unconsolidated sediments is not properly investigated. Since no direct measurements are available for quantitative estimation of gas hydrate and free gas in these sediments, therefore detailed knowledge of seismic velocities is essential. Seismic velocities of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the study area are estimated by using the effective medium theory and the fluid substitution modeling.
The results show that the presence of gas hydrates increases the stiffness of the unconsolidated sediments; whereas the presence of free gas decreases the stiffness of these sediments. It is noted that seismic velocities and density of hydrate-bearing sediments are highly affected by saturation and distribution pattern of gas hydrates. The hydrate-bearing sediments seem to be characterized not only by high P-wave velocity (about 2800 m/s) but also by anomalously low S-wave velocity (about 850 m/s). As pure gas-hydrates have much higher seismic velocities than those of host sediments, presence of gas-hydrate increases the seismic velocities, whereas free-gas below the hydrate-bearing sediments decreases the velocities. Seismic reflection from the BSR exhibits a wide range of amplitude variation with offset characteristics, which depend upon the saturation and distribution of hydrates above and free gas below the BSR. We have also demonstrated that some attributes like acoustic and shear impedances, and AVO can be used as important proxies to detect gas hydrate saturation. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0044-z | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108519 | oai_dc | Effect of particle shape on the shear strength of fault gouge | Effect of particle shape on the shear strength of fault gouge | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Kwang Yeom Kim(Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and); Hyoung Suk Suh(Yonsei University); 윤태섭(Yonsei University); Seong-Woo Moon(Chungbuk National University); Yong-Seok Seo(Chungbuk National University)"
] | The shear strength of fault gouge plays an important role in the dynamic behavior of faults, ranging from small-scale displacements to severe earthquakes. The characteristics and interactions of constituent materials in fault gouge are the main determinants of shear strength. Assessing the shear strength of fault gouge by means of experiments, however, requires time-consuming procedures, including sampling, shear testing, and reliability checking; consequently, simple and indirect methods to assess shear strength in terms of the characteristics of fault gouge fragments have been investigated. This study focuses on the influence of the shape of fault gouge particles on the shear strength of gouge. We introduce a novel technique to obtain shape parameters of particles using Xray computed tomography (CT), and then show the effects of particle shape on the friction angle of the fault gouge. Samples collected from fault zones developed in various parent rock materials were tested in laboratory experiments to characterize their shear strengths. After shear testing, the particles in the fault gouge were collected, scanned by X-ray CT, and then analyzed for shape characterization.
We successfully determined the shape parameters (sphericity, elongation, flatness, and slenderness) of the fault gouge fragments, and found that the parameters are well correlated with the friction angle of the gouge. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0051-0 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108524 | oai_dc | Integrated resistivity and water chemistry for evaluation of groundwater quality of the Gulf of Aqaba coastal area in Saudi Arabia | Integrated resistivity and water chemistry for evaluation of groundwater quality of the Gulf of Aqaba coastal area in Saudi Arabia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Awni T. Batayneh(Yarmouk University); Ahmed Abdulkareem Al-Taani*(Yarmouk University)"
] | The most productive lands in the coastal area of Saudi Gulf of Aqaba lie in Wadi Humeidah, where irrigation relies predominantly on groundwater. Crop yields have been lately reduced due to increased salinity of groundwater and have led to abandonment of some wells adjacent to the Gulf area. Geophysical and geochemical investigations were combined to assess seawater-contaminated zones in the shallow coastal groundwater aquifer and to identify subsurface geologic formation. The prevalence of Ca2+, Na+, Cl– and SO4 2– suggests that weathering of surrounding rocks is potentially the major source of ions. Characterization of aquifer conditions up to a depth of 60 m showed that the groundwater aquifer is composed of three zones with vertically different resistivity values. The surface layer with resistivity of 30–1000 ohm-m, represents the alluvial sand and gravel. The second layer with lower resistivity values ranging from 0.6 to 70 ohm-m, indicates saline-to-brackish-to-slightly fresh water saturated rocks.
The third layer extending up to a depth of 60 m is dominated by resistivity values of several hundred to several thousand ohm-meters, reflecting the basement rocks. While the groundwater is generally brackish, the salinity content varied spatially with TDS values that decreased in the northeast direction. The variations in TDS are related to multiple sources and primarily dependent on dissolution of saltbearing sediments, exploitation rate, over-irrigation with salty water, aquifer-bearing strata and the location of wells. Groundwater aquifers in the vicinity of the coastline were found to have been impacted by saline water. The central east area has a type of groundwater that is relatively less brackish. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0053-y | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108520 | oai_dc | A study on the bearing effect of pier column backfilling in the goaf of a thin coal seam | A study on the bearing effect of pier column backfilling in the goaf of a thin coal seam | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jianlin Xie(China University of Mining and Technolog); Weibing Zhu(China University of Mining and Technolog); JiaLin Xu(China University of Mining and Technolog); Jiahui Wen(China University of Mining and Technolog); Chuanzhen Liu(China University of Mining and Technolog)"
] | The pier column backfilling method in the goaf of a thin coal seam introduced in this paper is the latest backfilling technology in China, which has the combined advantages of high efficiency and low cost. In order to fully verify the load bearing effect of this backfilling method, a comprehensive evaluation model which combined the actual measurement, numerical simulation and physical simulation is implemented in this paper. First, the stress bearing formula and backfilling volume rate of a pier column backfilling body is obtained by theory analysis. Then, through field monitoring, it was concluded that the bearing capacity when the backfilling body reached a stable state was similar to the results of theoretical calculation, and no obvious deformation occurred by observation the roadway deformation with the site. Finally, based on the drilling columnar and lithological parameters of the site, corresponding physical and numerical models were established and used to study the bearing effect of this backfilling method. It could be found that the stresses and displacements data that resulted from the simulation relatively confirmed data obtained from the site. After comprehension of above researches, it is concluded that the pier column backfilling method in a goaf has good bearing effect and a good economic benefit for mining thin coal seams. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0047-9 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108525 | oai_dc | Effects of intersection and dead-end of fractures on nonlinear flow and particle transport in rock fracture networks | Effects of intersection and dead-end of fractures on nonlinear flow and particle transport in rock fracture networks | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Richeng Liu(Nagasaki University); Yujing Jiang(Nagasaki University); Bo Li(Shaoxing University)"
] | Fluid flow tests were conducted on three artificial rock fracture network models to visually investigate the behaviors of fluid flow and solute transport within the fracture intersections, by using the visualization techniques with a CCD camera. Numerical simulations by solving the Navier-Stokes equations were performed to simulate the fluid flow and solute transport based on the experimental models, and to extensively estimate the effects of fracture intersection and dead-end in fracture networks. The results show that for the crossed fracture models, when the Reynolds number (Re) of the inlet is larger than 1, a nonlinear flow regime starts to appear where the proportion of the flow rates in the two outlets change nonlinearly. When calculating the fluid flow in discrete fracture network (DFN) models, it is found that the critical condition of applying the local cubic law to model fluid flow in each single fracture in DFNs is J ≤ 10–5, where J is the hydraulic gradient. Beyond this value, the deviation of applying the cubic law increases remarkably with increasing hydraulic gradient. The effects of dead-ends of fractures on fluid flow are negligible, however, they have a strong impact on the breakthrough curves of particles in DFNs with the relative time deviation rate in the range of 5–35%. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0057-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108516 | oai_dc | Seismic reflection imaging of Quaternary faulting offshore the southeastern Korean Peninsula | Seismic reflection imaging of Quaternary faulting offshore the southeastern Korean Peninsula | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Han-Joon Kim(Korea Institute of Ocean science and Tec); YoungSook Baek(Korea Institute of Ocean science and Tec); Hyeong-Tae Jou(Korea Institute of Ocean science and Tec); Sang Hoon Lee(Korea Institute of Ocean science and Tec); Seonghoon Moon(Korea Institute of Ocean science and Tec); Jin Soo Kim(Korea Institute ... | The Yangsan Fault System (YFS) is a dominating tectonic structure in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula.
The YFS consists of NNE-striking dextral strike-slip faults that are traced to the southeastern coast of the Korean Peninsula.
We acquired high-resolution seismic profiles offshore the southeastern Korean Peninsula to investigate how the YFS extends offshore and constrain the age of fault activity using stratigraphic interpretation.
The seismic profiles image near-vertical faults trending NE to NNE that constitute a fault zone similar to a duplex structure at a releasing bend of a right-lateral strike-slip fault. The faults are interpreted as an offshore extension of the Ilgwang fault that is a member of the YFS. Stratigraphic interpretation of seismic profiles indicates that the offshore faults were activated repeatedly in the Pliocene and Quaternary. The right-lateral activity of the Ilgwang fault is consistent with the current stress regime in and around the southeastern Korean Peninsula that dictates the P-axis direction in the E-W or ENE-WSW since the Pliocene. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0055-9 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108523 | oai_dc | Human interventions and consequent environmental degradation of a protected freshwater lake in Kerala, SW India | Human interventions and consequent environmental degradation of a protected freshwater lake in Kerala, SW India | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Vishnu Mohan Sreekumari(National Centre for Earth Science Studie); Shiekha Elizabeth John(National Centre for Earth Science Studie); Rajimol Thengumparambil Rajan(National Centre for Earth Science Studie); Maya Kesavan(National Centre for Earth Science Studie); Sajan Kurian(Cochin University of Science and Technol... | Sasthamkotta lake in the southwestern coast of India is the largest freshwater lake in the region. The lake has a water spread area of about 3.75 km2 and serves as a drinking water source for about seven lakh people in southern Kerala. Unfortunately, the lake is at the verge of severe degradation consequent to different kinds of human interferences. The Sasthamkotta lake receives water mainly from rainfall (2,350 mm/year) and surface run-off (3.33 million m3/ year). Apart from these, a significant quantity of water reaches the lake through underwater springs emerging from the Quaternary and Neogene aquifers as well. Rampant removal of construction grade sand using high power jet pumps from the Quaternary aquifers linking the lake with the adjoining river, over exploitation of lake water, unscientific engineering constructions, etc. are some of the externalities leading to degradation and ultimate drying up of the lake. The floodplain of the Kallada river, hosting the lake Sasthamkotta, was unaffected by sand extraction till early 1970’s. The results of the present study revealed that indiscriminate sand mining has turned floodplain area of about 3.57 km2 into fallow lands, during the past 3–4 decades. This together with the riverbed lowering due to instream sand mining has significantly reduced the groundwater replenishment of the lake system. The construction of embankment on the southern side of the lake has not only isolated the lake system from its natural settings, but has prevented the flood pulse contribution of monsoon waters to a considerable extent. The present paper examines in detail the pros and cons of the human induced environmental degradation of the Lake Sasthamkotta which is declared recently a Ramsar wetland of international importance. Based on the study, a set of recommendations are also drawn for improving the overall environmental quality of the Sasthamkotta lake in particular and the freshwater lakes in the coastal lands of densely populated tropics in general. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0049-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108521 | oai_dc | Experimental and numerical investigations on the shear behavior of a jointed rock mass | Experimental and numerical investigations on the shear behavior of a jointed rock mass | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yong Li(Shandong University); Hao Zhou(Shandong University); Weishen Zhu(Shandong University); Shucai Li(Shandong University); Jian Liu(Shandong University)"
] | The original forming process of the earth crust is companied with internal in situ stress, which gradually complicates while the earth crust evolves with geological conformation movements, leading to the generation of large amounts of faults, joints and fissures. These structural planes, to some extent, remarkably reduce the strengths of rock mass, including the shear behavior. In this paper, the authors report a physical model test on jointed rock mass under direct shear stress state and also adopt a numerical method, Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for Rock Failure (DDARF), to simulate the shear failure process, the variation of stresses and displacements of some key monitoring points. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the numerical results are favorable with those obtained in the physical model test. Therefore, it is concluded that the method of DDARF could effectively simulate the shear behavior of jointed rock mass. Furthermore, other than the original physical model test, the numerical models with echelon joints under different axial loadings are also simulated. The crack initiation, extension, coalescence, and the ultimate shear failure are totally investigated, after which the shear behavior of numerical models in different cases are comparatively analyzed. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0052-z | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108518 | oai_dc | A model-based approach for integration analysis of well log and seismic data for reservoir characterization | A model-based approach for integration analysis of well log and seismic data for reservoir characterization | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Atul Kumar(Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS); Mohd Haris Mohd Khir(Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS); Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff(Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS)"
] | Accurate reservoir model requires complete information of subsurface properties, specifically porosity and permeability.
Reservoir heterogeneity is the fundamental challenge for geoscientists to predict these properties which may affect the reservoir performance and their well productivity. Porosity is one of the key parameters for accumulation of hydrocarbon but its prediction is difficult due to significant variation over a reservoir volume.
A spatial distribution of porosity can be investigated by integrating the 3-D seismic and well log attributes which may help in determining such reservoir variation. In addition, nonlinear multivariable regression techniques such as multivariable transform, Genetic algorithm, and Probabilistic Neural Network analysis have also been implemented to achieve high correlation coefficients between well log properties and seismic data. Results from nonlinear regression have better correlations than linear regression. In this study, a 3-D low frequency model (LFM) is proposed which can be estimated by kriging interpolation of resultant impedance values from well log data. Furthermore, “seismic inversion” is adopted for extracting correlated attributes to merge with the LFM so as to better construct a pseudo log volume.
A polynomial neural network (PNN*1) is utilized to convert resultant acoustic impedance values into a distinct reservoir property such as porosity. PNN* is trained, tested and validated by using gammaray and resultant acoustic impedance values as input and effective porosity values as a target. The trained PNN* is then applied over the whole reservoir volume to generate a pseudo log volume. In the proposed low frequency model, an attempt has been made to achieve high correlation between the predicted and measured porosity logs.
It will improve the reservoir characterization and lead to better estimation of hydrocarbon reserves. This low frequency model achieves better correlation between the predicted and true porosity log even with a minimum number of measured well logs. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0045-y | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108514 | oai_dc | Spatio-temporal zonation by ichnocoenoses combined with sedimentary facies in the Yeochari tidal flat (Ganghwa Island), the Han River estuary of Korea | Spatio-temporal zonation by ichnocoenoses combined with sedimentary facies in the Yeochari tidal flat (Ganghwa Island), the Han River estuary of Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"YoungSook Baek(Korea Institute of Ocean science and Tec); JungKwan Kim(Chonnam National University); Seung Soo Chun(Chonnam National University)"
] | Ichnocoenoses analyses supplemented with sedimentary facies analysis have been performed to identify seasonal patterns and ichnocoenoses distributions in the Yeochari tidal flats, the Ganghwa Island of Han-River estuary. The Yeochari intertidal flats can be divided into upper and middle tidal flats based on tide levels along a transect line. The latter flats can be further subdivided into higher and lower middle flats, and sand shoal, according to sedimentary facies, bioturbation index (BI), and distribution of ichnocoenoses. The upper tidal flats consist mainly of bioturbated muds with a dominant ichnocoenosis Psilonichnus, both in winter and summer, suggesting a stable environment in habitat conditions. The higher middle flats comprising alternating flaser and bioturbated sand-muds represent ichnocoenoses, Rosselia and Rhizocorallium, in winter and summer, respectively. In the lower middle flats, crossand parallel-laminated sand facies are dominant in winter, whereas, in summer, the alternating sand-mud facies with cross-laminated sands are predominant. The representative ichnocoenoses in the lower flats display Cylindrichnus, Scolicia and Echiurus burrows, which are commonly found in wave-dominated environments. However, Psilonichnus as well as mixed facies in summer indicate coexistence of tides with wave. No seasonal changes have been recognized in the outer sand shoals both in the ichno-characters and sedimentary facies. The dominant ichnocoenosis is cryptic bioturbation in the sand shoal, the ichnocoenosis being preserved in the wave-dominated sequences evidently in the lower middle flats of the Yeochari. Ichnocoenoses analysis in tidal-flat environments reveales that Rosselia, Rhizocorallium, Scolicia, Cylindrichnus and Echiurus are the key ichnocoenoses for identifying specific seasonal changes in sedimentation, and defining the middle intertidal flats and/or mixed tidal flats, commonly difficult to recognize by sedimentary facies alone. This study shows that ichnocoenosis analysis is a useful tool to characterize or define intertidal flats being subject to stark seasonal changes in sedimentation likely driven by the monsoon climate. More importantly, this may further provide a tool to differentiate between tideinfluenced and fully wave-dominated successions in ancient tidal-flat analogues. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0059-5 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002108522 | oai_dc | Diffuse flow characteristics and their relation to hydrochemistry conditions in the Petoyan Spring, Gunungsewu Karst, Java, Indonesia | Diffuse flow characteristics and their relation to hydrochemistry conditions in the Petoyan Spring, Gunungsewu Karst, Java, Indonesia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Tjahyo Nugroho Adji(Gadjah Mada University); Eko Haryono(Gadjah Mada University); Hendy Fatchurohman(Gadjah Mada University); Roza Oktama(Gadjah Mada University)"
] | This study was conducted on the Petoyan Spring, one of the most important springs in the western part of Gunung Sewu Karst, Java, Indonesia. The main purpose of the study is to define the diffuse flow characteristics of the spring. It also focuses on identifying the relationship between the diffuse flow proportion and several hydrochemical parameters to provide a better aquifer characterization. Water-level monitoring and discharge measurements were conducted over an eight months period in order to define the discharge hydrograph. The calculation of recession constants, including the diffuse flow (Kb), fissure flow (Ki), and conduit flow (Kc), was done by selecting several flood hydrograph events. Furthermore, the base flow-separation analysis was conducted to determine the diffuse flow proportion throughout the research period. Water sampling for hydrogeochemical analysis was taken every week and every hour for two selected flood events.
A bivariate plot analysis between the diffuse flow proportion and certain hydrochemical parameters was made in order to describe the hydrogeochemical processes. The results showed that the diffuse- flow significantly dominates the spring discharge during non-flooding and flooding recession periods. Conversely, during the rising limb period, the diffuse proportion decreased drastically due to the conduit flow supply. This fact was also supported by the high Kb and short Tp (time to peak) and Tb (time to base flow) values. Hydrogeochemically the correlation between the diffuse flow proportion and major dissolved elements during the flood recession periods was strong because the conduit flow domination was replaced by the diffuse flow, causing the domination of water-rock interaction. According to the diffuse flow and its relation to its hydrochemistry, it is apparent that small fractures in the Petoyan Spring aquifer still provide good storage for the diffuse flow, even though the conduit fracture has already been developed. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0048-8 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002058735 | oai_dc | New fossil remains of family Cervidae from the Dhok Pathan Formation (Middle Siwaliks) of Pakistan | New fossil remains of family Cervidae from the Dhok Pathan Formation (Middle Siwaliks) of Pakistan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Abdul Ghaffar(COMSATS Institute of Information Technol); Muhammad Akhtar(University of the Punjab, Pakistan); Muhammad Akbar Khan(University of the Punjab, Pakistan); Muhammad Khaled Siddiq(University of the Punjab, Pakistan)"
] | Five mandibular fragments from the Early Pliocene of Dhok Pathan and Hasnot (Middle Siwaliks) are described and discussed. Detailed comparison of the studied material with already known and described species of family Cervidae from the Siwaliks allow us to refer this material to genus Rucervus and species Rucervus cf. simplicidens. The material described here also extends the stratigraphic range of this genus from Upper Siwaliks to Middle Siwaliks.
The fossil material described from the Early Pliocene, is thus important to indicate the older stratigraphic range as described earlier from the Siwalik continental deposits. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0001-x | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002058691 | oai_dc | Relative paleointensity data from the late Holocene deltaic sediments in Korea | Relative paleointensity data from the late Holocene deltaic sediments in Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Seungwon Shin(Kangwon National University); 박용희(강원대학교); Jong-Hyun Park(Kangwon National University); Soojeong Han(Kangwon National University)"
] | A first quasi-successive paleosecular variation data since ~5.5 kya, including magnetic inclination and relative geomagnetic field intensity variation were obtained from a 55 m-long sediment core in the Nakdong River delta, southeastern Korean Peninsula. Both magnetic inclination curves and relative paleointensity data showed similar trends with those from Lake Biwa, Japan.
They also showed close correlation with continuous global geomagnetic field models. For instance, the present study confirms the existence of archeomagnetic jerks. In addition, the present study supports the evidence of globally high geomagnetic intensity circa 3 kya. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0066-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002058729 | oai_dc | Revision of the conodont zonation of the uppermost Hwajeol Formation (Furongian), Taebaeksan Basin, Korea | Revision of the conodont zonation of the uppermost Hwajeol Formation (Furongian), Taebaeksan Basin, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이병수(전북대학교); 박영숙(전북대학교)"
] | The uppermost interval of the Hwajeol Formation, Taebaeksan Basin, has been assigned to the Fryxellodontus inornatus- Monocostodus sevierensis-Semiacontiodus lavadamensis Zone.
The main species in the zone are Fryxellodontus inornatus Miller, Hirsutodontus hirsutus Miller, Monocostodus sevierensis (Miller), Semiacontiodus lavadamensis (Miller), S. nogamii Miller, Utahconus utahensis (Miller), and Cordylodus proavus Müller. These species were re-examined to evaluate the biostratigraphy of the Bangteogol and Maesangol sections. Data were added from eleven sections around the Taebaeksan Basin, which were studied previously by the first author. Conodont occurrences above the Cambrooistodus minutus Zone are characterized by a lack of vertical and lateral continuity in sections. Conodont recovery is relatively poor but is sufficient for biostratigraphic assignment. This trend of conodont occurrence seems to be related to sedimentary process, including debris slides and eustatic sea-level fluctuation. Nevertheless, detailed study of the characteristic species of the zone leads to the conclusion that retention of the zone is reasonable. However, it is renamed the M. sevierensis-S. lavadamensis Zone because Fryellodontus inornatus occurs stratigraphically lower than the other two nominate species.
The M. sevierensis-S. lavadamensis Zone is correlated with equivalent zones of western USA, Canada, North China, and Australia. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0013-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059162 | oai_dc | Evaluation of foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils changes across the Late Paleocene/Early Eocene transition at Nag El-Quda section, Upper Nile Valley, Egypt | Evaluation of foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils changes across the Late Paleocene/Early Eocene transition at Nag El-Quda section, Upper Nile Valley, Egypt | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mohamed Youssef Ali(King Saud University)"
] | A quantitative study of calcareous nannofossils, planktonic, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages have been performed on fifty six samples collected from ~40 m interval across the Paleocene/ Eocene transition at Nag El-Quda section in Upper Nile Valley, Egypt. I study this interval to evaluate the faunal and floral changes across the P/E transition. Four biozones of calcareous nannofossils and seven planktonic biozones have been recorded. The benthic foraminifera extinction event (BFEE) and the characteristic datum of both calcareous nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera, have been recognized. The absence of deep-sea benthic foraminifera (Stensioeina beccariiformis), the low abundance of (Angulogavelinella avnimelechi and Gavelinella rubiginosus) and increasing dominance of shallowmarine taxa (buliminids, Loxostomoides applinae) indicate deposition of the interval in shallow water environments (100–150 m depth).
The benthic foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by Loxostomoides applinae, buliminids, and Lenticulina spp and indicate dysoxic conditions. Quantitative analyses have revealed a change in the species richness and fluctuations in abundance of foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0004-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059163 | oai_dc | Taphonomy and paleoecology of Cenomanian oysters from the Musabaa Salama area, southwestern Sinai, Egypt | Taphonomy and paleoecology of Cenomanian oysters from the Musabaa Salama area, southwestern Sinai, Egypt | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ahmed El-Sabbagh(Alexandria University); Heba Mansour(Alexandria University); Magdy El-Hedeny(Alexandria University)"
] | This work is a taphonomic and paleoecologic study of Cenomanian oysters from the Musabaa Salama area, southwestern Sinai, Egypt. Disarticulation, fragmentation, encrustation and bioerosion are considered as the most predominant taphonomic features recorded in the studied oyster assemblages. Their distribution and frequency are greatly varied within the shells of the same species, as well as between shells of different species through the recorded oyster zones. Bioerosion structures include Tiers D, E, F, G and H.
The multivariate statistical analyses document some characteristic ichnocoenoses. They include a sponge-dominated community (Entobia ichnocoenosis), a bivalve-dominated community (Gastrochaenolites ichnocoenosis), a serpulid-polychaete-dominated community (Maeandropolydora, Trypanites and/or Caulostrepsis ichnocoenosis), and an acrothoracican cirriped-dominated community (Rogerella ichnocoenosis). With rare exceptions, E. cretacea, G. torpedo and M. decipiens are common to abundant ichnospecies (>43%). E. ovula, E. retiformis and R. pattei are frequent to common ichnospecies (>5%). Other ichnospecies, including C. cretacea, G. orbicularis, T. solitarius, E. geometrica and C. taeniola are rare to frequent (<3%).
Careful investigation of the host shells and the preserved encrusters and/or bioerosion sculptures provided data concerning the substrate characteristics, time of encrustation and bioerosion, rate of sedimentation, nutrients availability, and the general bathymetry and the rate of transgression. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0014-5 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059170 | oai_dc | LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, geochemistry and tectonic implications of the Neoproterozoic Xiaoxigong granite at Dunhuang block, northeastern Tarim, NW China | LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, geochemistry and tectonic implications of the Neoproterozoic Xiaoxigong granite at Dunhuang block, northeastern Tarim, NW China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jiang Zhu(China Geological Survey); Xinbiao Lv(China University of Geosciences); Sanguo Peng(China Geological Survey)"
] | We present new zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of the Xiaoxigong granite pluton in the Dunhuang block, northeastern Tarim Craton. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 841.3 ± 8.1 Ma (MSWD = 4.4), interpreted as the emplacement age of the Xiaoxigong granite. Zircons have εHf(t) values ranging from +4.53 to +8.63 and TDM2 model ages from 1.16 to 1.38 Ga. Geochemical characteristics show that the granite belongs to the shoshonite series and has weakly peraluminous-metaluminous features. It is enriched in Si, K, Na, Rb, Th and REE, and has elevated Ga/Al ratios and high (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y) abundance, and is depleted in Mg, Ca, Mn, Ba, Sr, P and Ti. The REE composition shows significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.18–0.31) and low (La/Yb)N (4.54–7.33). It is typical aluminous A-type granite. The geochemical and Hf isotopic signatures suggest that the Neoproterozoic Xiaoxigong granite was generated by partial melting of crustal rocks during the the post-orogenic period. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0010-9 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059176 | oai_dc | Ambient seismic noise tomography of the southern East Sea (Japan Sea) and the Korea Strait | Ambient seismic noise tomography of the southern East Sea (Japan Sea) and the Korea Strait | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sang-Jun Lee(Seoul National University); 이준기(서울대학교); 김성룡(Seoul National University); 강태섭(부경대학교); 김기범(경상대학교)"
] | Group velocity maps were derived for the southern East Sea (Japan Sea) and the Korea Strait (Tsushima Strait) for the 5–36 s period range, which is sensitive to shear wave velocities of the crust and the uppermost mantle. Images produced in our study enhance our understanding of the tectonic evolution of a continental margin affected by subducting oceanic slabs and a colliding continental plate. The seismic structure of the study area has not been described well because seismic data for the region are scarce. In this study, we applied the ambient noise tomography technique that does not rely on earthquake data. We calculated ambient noise cross-correlations recorded at station pairs of dense seismic networks located in the regions surrounding the study area, such as the southern Korean Peninsula and southwestern part of the Japanese Islands. We then measured the group velocity dispersion curves of the fundamental mode Rayleigh waves from cross-correlograms and constructed 2-D group velocity maps reflecting group velocity structure from the upper crust to uppermost mantle. The results show that three distinct anomalies with different characteristics exist. Anomalies are located under the Ulleung Basin (UB), the boundary of the Basin, and the area between Tsushima Island and the UB. 1-D velocity models were obtained by inversion of dispersion curves that represent vertical variations of shear wave velocity at locations of three different anomalies. The 1-D velocity models and 2-D group velocity maps of lateral variations in shear wave group velocities show that the high velocity anomaly beneath the UB originates from crustal thinning and mantle uplift. Confirming the exact causes of two low velocity anomalies observed under the UB boundary and between Tsushima Island and the UB is difficult because additional information is unavailable. However, complex fault systems, small basins formed by faulting, and deep mantle flow can be possible causes of the existence of low velocity anomalies in the region. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0012-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002058724 | oai_dc | On the massive metal accumulation on the eastern margin of the North China Craton and the prospecting evaluation – a case study of Jiaojia gold concentration belt | On the massive metal accumulation on the eastern margin of the North China Craton and the prospecting evaluation – a case study of Jiaojia gold concentration belt | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Rui Shi(Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of); Jianping Chen(China University of Geosciences)"
] | North China Craton, with characteristics of the multistage tectonic evolution, has experienced a long geological history of more than 3.8 billion years, which records almost all the major geological events from the early crust development stage to the Mesozoic and has formed rich mineral resources and unique dominant minerals. Jiaodong terrane, on the eastern margin of the North China Craton, has become the basement after experiencing the evolution of Precambrian formation. Controlled by the tectonic regime in the Mesozoic, this terrane witnessed the strong crust-mantle interaction, and became the largest gold producer in China after forming the massive metal accumulation and an outbreak of large-scale metallogenic events. Previous scholars have conducted extensive researches on the metallogenic theory of Jiaodong Gold Concentrating Area and applied it to prospecting and exploration; with the increasing difficulty in prospecting and the deployment of deep prospecting, finding out the new prospecting methods has become the study focus. Based on the analysis of the regional tectonic evolution and the research on the metallogenic theory of the massive metal concentration, this paper has summed up some favorable geological conditions for ore-formation and ore-controlling, and with Jiaojia gold concentration belt as a case study and combined with the geophysical and geochemical data in this area, this paper has deduced the deep mineralization space with the three-dimensional geological modeling technique, which has achieved the integration of metallogenic theory and prospecting methods. The result indicates that forecast areas deep resources in the Jiaojia gold concentration belt is 842.88 t. More importantly, it delineated 7 undeveloped predicted targets for deep prospecting which provided a scientific basis for prospecting exploration. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0007-4 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059168 | oai_dc | Age, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of alkali volcanic rocks from Mt. Melbourne and the western Ross Sea, Antarctica | Age, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of alkali volcanic rocks from Mt. Melbourne and the western Ross Sea, Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mi Jung Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); 이종익(한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소); Taehoon Kim(Korea Polar Research Institute); Joohan Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); Keisuke Nagao(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | New K/Ar ages and geochemical and isotope data (Sr, Nd, Pb) of submarine samples from the Terror Rift Region and subaerial lavas from Mt. Melbourne Volcanic Field (MMVF) in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, are presented. The MMVF samples are classified into Groups A and B based on their temporal and spatial distribution. All samples are alkaline, ranging from basanite to trachybasalt, and exhibit the Ocean Island Basalt (OIB)-like patterns of trace element distribution, with a prominent depletion in K and Pb. New K/Ar ages and geochemical data of the studied samples show no correlations between age and their compositions and suggest that they represent products of three different magmatic episodes.
The Terror Rift submarine lavas (0.46–0.57 Ma) display a distinct trend, with more primitive geochemical characteristics (higher MgO (7.2– 9.8 wt%) and CaO (9.9–11.9 wt%) and stronger HIMU signature (higher 206Pb/204Pb and 143Nd/144Nd ratios, and less radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr) than those of MMVF basalts. Results from a rare earth element (REE) model suggest that the Terror Rift submarine lavas are derived from small degrees (1–2%) of partial melting of an amphibole-bearing garnet peridotite mantle source. Despite the distinctly different ages and locations of the MMVF Group A (0.16–0.33 Ma) and B (1.25– 1.34 Ma) basalts, they show similar geochemical and isotopic features, indicating the sharing of common mantle sources and magma processes during magma generation. Incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., Ba/Nb = 6.4–13.2, La/YbN = 14.4–23.2, Dy/Yb = 2.2–3.0) and isotopic compositions of the MMVF Group A and B volcanics suggest derivation from higher degrees (2–5%) of partial melting of an amphibole bearing garnet peridotite source and strong influence of an EMI-type mantle source. The stronger HIMU signature of the Terror Rift submarine lavas appears to be related to smaller degrees of partial melting, suggesting predominant contribution of the HIMU component to the less partially melted rocks from the Cenozoic NVL magmatism. In contrast, the higher degree of MMVF A and B magmas can be explained by greater interaction with heterogeneous lithospheric mantle, resulting in a diluted HIMU signature compared with that of the Terror Rift submarine lavas. We assume that HIMU- and EMI-type mantle components incorporated in the Cenozoic NVL magmas originated from sub-continental lithospheric mantle metasomatized by plume or subduction-related fluids prior to the breakup of Gondwanaland. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0061-y | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059189 | oai_dc | LiDARHub: a free and open source software platform for web-based management, visualization and analysis of LiDAR data | LiDARHub: a free and open source software platform for web-based management, visualization and analysis of LiDAR data | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jinha Jung(Texas A&M University); Bryan C. Pijanowski(Purdue University)"
] | LiDAR is an active remote sensing technique with a unique capability to capture three-dimensional information of the earth’s surface even in heavily vegetated areas, and it is proven to be useful in many research applications. Although it is becoming the remote sensing platform of choice for planning and natural resource agencies that require three-dimensional information, the enormous data that are generated and the lack of available software analysis packages make LiDAR still unavailable to a typical user of spatial data. LiDARHub is a free and open source platform for web-based management, visualization and analysis of LiDAR data that enables development of online tools for LiDAR data processing in a web browser. The framework provides a foundation to develop online tools for LiDAR data processing and tools can be shared. The framework is also flexible so that the developed tools can be easily ported to High Performance Computing (HPC) environments that speed up the computationally extensive LiDAR data processing. Two example LiDARHub tools are presented as case studies to demonstrate potential software development scenarios. The developed tools provide easy to use user interface and hide complex computation so that users can take advantage of the LiDAR technology with only a web browser. The LiDARHub allows not only the sharing of large volume of LiDAR data but also developing online LiDAR processing platform for a large audience. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0003-8 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002058725 | oai_dc | Metallogeny of the Poyi magmatic Cu-Ni deposit: revelation from the contrast of PGE and olivine composition with other Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the Early Permian, Xinjiang, China | Metallogeny of the Poyi magmatic Cu-Ni deposit: revelation from the contrast of PGE and olivine composition with other Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the Early Permian, Xinjiang, China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yuegao Liu(China University of Geosciences); Xinbiao Lv(China University of Geosciences); Longshuai Yang(East China Institute of Metallurgy Geolo); Hufei Wang(China University of Geosciences); Yafei Meng(China University of Geosciences); Qie Yi(China University of Geosciences); Bo Zhang(China University of Geoscie... | Permian mafic-ultramafic intrusions in or besides the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) have been the focus of several recent studies, mainly located in Altay, East Tianshan, and Beishan Rift from north to south. Some of them host economic magmatic sulfide deposits. Among those, Poyi is a large magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit related to ultramafic rock in Beishan Rift.
Poyi does not have massive ore, but only disseminated ore in hornblende- peridotite, so Poyi is not as rich as the Karatongk Cu-Ni deposit in the Altay area or the Huangshandong and Tulargen Cu- Ni sulfide deposits in Eastern Tianshan. To address these questions, this paper contrasts the feature of PGE (Platinum Group Element) and olivine composition in magmatic Cu-Ni deposits between three regions (Altay, East Tianshan, and Beishan Rift) to provide a view of the metallogenic process of the Poyi magmatic Cu-Ni deposit. The degree of sulfide segregation (DSS) of Poyi is around 0.01%; the value of R (the ratio of the mass of silicate magma to the mass of sulfide that reached equilibrium together) is 500–5000, and is 2333 on average; the R value of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in East Tianshan is in the range of 100–500, and the degree of sulfide segregation is about 0.013%; Poyi Cu-Ni deposit is not as rich as the magmatic Cu-Ni deposits in East Tianshan, probably because the degree of sulfide segregation of the former (0.01%) is lower than that of the latter (0.013%). From Beishan area to East Tianshan and then to Altay Region, the R value changed from 2333 to 100–500 and then to 100 according to the theory of Naldrett (2011). Poyi does not have the potential to be a PGE deposit. The olivine of Poyi has higher contents of MgO and SiO2 and lower contents of FeO and CaO, which reach sulfur saturation more easily, but due to the lack of sulfur, it is still very difficult to reach sulfur saturation, and therefore the olivine of Poyi has the highest Ni content among the Permian magmatic Cu-Ni deposits in Xinjiang. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0008-3 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059191 | oai_dc | Quantitative analysis of relative tectonic activity in the Jarahi-Hendijan basin area, Zagros, Iran | Quantitative analysis of relative tectonic activity in the Jarahi-Hendijan basin area, Zagros, Iran | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jahanbakhsh Ehsani(Islamic Azad University); Mehran Arian(Islamic Azad University)"
] | Quantitative analysis is a major factor controlling landform development in tectonically active regions, and it has significantly affected fluvial systems and mountain-front landscapes in the Jarahi-Hendijan basin area of the Zagros, southwest Iran. The area is located along the high Zagros, Zagros simple folded belt and coastal plain. It is an outcome of the SE-NW oriented tectonic conversion that initiated in the Late Cretaceous and strengthened during the Early Miocene due to the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. To assess tectonic activities in the area, we have analyzed geomorphic indices: the stream-gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), valley floor width-valley height ratio (Vf), drainage basin shape (Bs) and mountain-front sinuosity (Smf). These indices were combined to yield the relative active tectonics index (Iat) using geographic information systems (GIS). Based on Iat values, the study area was divided into four parts: Class 1 (very high relative tectonic activity, 11.5% in area); Class 2 (high, 27.7%); Class 3 (moderate, 23.4%), and Class 4 (low, 37.4%). The results are consistent with field observations on landforms and the regions with high relative tectonic activity mostly correspond with the active mountain front faults at the northern part of study area. The coastal plain in the west and southwest of the area show the lowest relative tectonic activity (class 4). | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0016-3 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002058719 | oai_dc | Skarn zonation and rock physical properties of the Wondong Fe-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Korea | Skarn zonation and rock physical properties of the Wondong Fe-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Eui-Jun Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Dongbok Shin(Kongju National University,); Seungwook Shin(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Hyeong-Tae Nam(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Samgyu Park(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera)"
] | The Wondong Fe-Pb-Zn polymetallic skarn deposit is located in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea. This deposit is associated with the Paleocene quartz porphyry and characterized by abundant exoskarn and subordinate endoskarn. A general zonation pattern is developed comprising a proximal reddish-brown garnet- rich zone, a distal greenish garnet ± pyroxene zone, and a wollastonite-rich zone at the marble front. The mineralization is characterized by Fe in the proximal garnet-rich zone and Pb-Zn within and beyond the garnet ± pyroxene zone. In general, skarn deposits show complex geophysical signatures in their rock properties in relation to metasomatism. Garnet-rich and garnet ± pyroxene skarns accompanying Fe-oxides and sulfides are significantly denser (3.3–3.4 g/cm3) than the other rocks (2.5–3.0 g/cm3) such as quartz porphyry, wollastonite-rich skarn, and silicic hornfels. Reactions related to creating garnet may increase porosity, which promotes further infiltration and reaction to produce garnet growth. The porosity of skarn rocks (1.8–8.4%) has a broad range and is generally higher than the other rocks (0.8–3.3%). In contrast, most skarn rocks show a remarkably low electrical resistivity (mostly 211–848 Ωm) than the other rocks (1,815–8,601 Ωm). Magnetic susceptibilities of skarn rocks (15–140 × 10–5 SI) are higher than quartz porphyry and siliceous hornfels (<25 × 10–5 SI). P wave velocities in the garnet ± pyroxene zone at the skarn front show lower values (1,487–3,674 m/s) than the other rocks (2,902–5,590 m/s), which is likely related to the porosity of the rocks. Thus, in general, the physical properties of rocks as exampled above from the skarn environment reflect their mineral assemblages and can be used for mineral exploration of skarn deposits. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0017-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059182 | oai_dc | On TEC anomalies as precursor before MW 8.6 Sumatra earthquake and MW 6.7 Mexico earthquake on April 11, 2012 | On TEC anomalies as precursor before MW 8.6 Sumatra earthquake and MW 6.7 Mexico earthquake on April 11, 2012 | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jinyun Guo(Shandong University of Science and Techn); Wang Li(Shandong University of Science and Techn); Xin Liu(Shandong University of Science and Techn); Jianbo Wang(Shandong University of Science and Techn); Xiaotao Chang(Satellite Surveying and Mapping Applicat); Chunmei Zhao(Chinese Academy of Surveying and M... | To investigate the coupling relationship between earthquake and ionosphere perturbation, we process the global total electron contents (TECs) estimated from GPS data of IGS stations by CODE and analyze TEC anomalies before MW 8.6 Sumatra earthquake and MW 6.7 Mexico earthquake on April 11, 2012. The sliding interquartile method with the sliding window of 27 days is used to process data of SSN, F10.7 solar flux, Dst and Kp to eliminate the effects of solar activity and the geomagnetic activity. The results show that there are positive and negative TEC anomalies over epicenter on the 11th day and the 3rd day prior to the Sumatran earthquake respectively. But the decrement and increment of TEC anomalies over epicenter occurred on the 11th day and the 3rd day prior to the Mexico earthquake. The global TEC anomalies are analyzed on the 11th day and the 3rd day before these two great earthquakes, respectively. The magnitudes of TEC anomaly occurred on the 3rd day before earthquakes are larger than that occurred on the 11th day before earthquakes. This indicates the magnitude of anomaly may be related to the number of days prior to earthquake.
But the magnitude of TEC anomaly near Sumatran is lower than that near Mexico, and the duration of anomalies occurred on 11th day is longer than those on 3rd day prior to earthquake, which are different from previous results. The TEC anomaly of Sumatran earthquake mainly occurs in the afternoon and night local time, but the TEC anomaly of Mexico earthquake mainly occurs in the morning local time. The TEC anomaly peak regions before these two earthquakes appeared on the south of epicenters instead of the vertical projection of the epicenter. Corresponding ionospheric anomalies are also observed in the magnetically conjugated regions. These can be guidance for the ionosphere monitoring in earthquake study. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0005-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002059186 | oai_dc | Probabilistic analysis of the seismic activity and hazard in northern Thailand | Probabilistic analysis of the seismic activity and hazard in northern Thailand | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Santi Pailoplee(Chulalongkorn University); Punya Charusiri(Chulalongkorn University)"
] | The seismic activity and hazard level in northern Thailand, including at the Mae Moh Coal Mine (MMCM), were clarified.
For the probability of exceedance (POE), Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Lampang provinces have a 70–90% and 20–40% POE of a MW-5.0 and MW-6.0 earthquake, respectively, in the next 50 y. In the case of a MW-7.0 earthquake, the POE is less than 10% in the whole study area. Regarding the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the ground shaking maps indicated that the southeastern part of the MMCM and northwestern part of Phayao provinces were high hazard areas, with an earthquake ground shaking of around 0.28–0.32g and 0.18–0.24g for a POE of 2% and 10%, respectively, in the next 50 y. In addition, the probability maps revealed that these high hazard areas showed a 60–80% and 30–40% POE of a modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) level III and IV, respectively, in the next 50 y. The low hazard areas of Chiang Mai and Uttaradit provinces had a ground shaking level for a 2% and 10% POE in the next 50 y of around 0.16 and 0.08, respectively, with a POE of a MMI level III or IV of less than 20% each. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0011-8 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091129 | oai_dc | Modeling the permeability of heterogeneous oil reservoirs using a robust method | Modeling the permeability of heterogeneous oil reservoirs using a robust method | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Arash Kamari(University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Coll); Farzaneh Moeini(Sharif University of Technology); Mohammad-Javad Shamsoddini-Moghadam(Sharif University of Technology); Seyed-Ali Hosseini(Sharif University of Technology); Amir H. Mohammadi(University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Coll); Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sara... | Permeability as a fundamental reservoir property plays a key role in reserve estimation, numerical reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering calculations, drilling planning, and mapping reservoir quality. In heterogeneous reservoir, due to complexity, natural heterogeneity, non-uniformity, and non-linearity in parameters, prediction of permeability is not straightforward. To ease this problem, a novel mathematical robust model has been proposed to predict the permeability in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. To this end, a fairly new soft computing method, namely least square support vector machine (LSSVM) modeling optimized with coupled simulated annealing (CSA) optimization technique was utilized.
Statistical and graphical error analyses have been employed separately to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model.
Furthermore, this model performance has been compared with a newly developed multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) model. The obtained results have shown the more robustness, efficiency and reliability of the proposed CSA-LSSVM model in comparison with the developed MLP-ANN model for the prediction of permeability in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs.
Estimations were found to be within acceptable agreement with the actual field data of permeability, with a root mean square error of approximately 0.42 for CSA-LSSVM model in testing phase, and a R-squared value of 0.98. Additionally, these error parameters for MLP-ANN are 0.68 and 0.89 in testing stage, respectively. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0033-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091127 | oai_dc | Evaluation of CO2 storage capacity and injectivity using a relief well in a saline aquifer in Pohang basin, offshore South Korea | Evaluation of CO2 storage capacity and injectivity using a relief well in a saline aquifer in Pohang basin, offshore South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Joongseop Hwang(Hanyang University); Soohyun Baek(Korea National Oil Corporation); Hyesoo Lee(Hanyang University); Woodong Jung(Hanyang University); 성원모(한양대학교)"
] | This study presents the numerical results of CO2 injectivity for CO2 sequestration in a saline aquifer in Pohang basin, offshore southeast Korea. We analyzed the effect of operating a relief well on enhancement of CO2 storage capacity and injectivity. Geologically, the aquifer boundary is closed along east-south-west, thus the injection of CO2 would yield pressure buildup that limits CO2 storage capacity and injection rate. From the results of simulation, the CO2 storage capacity was calculated as 468 kton in this aquifer, Pohang basin without a relief well. However, when installed a relief well, the capacity was increased to 681 kton which is about 45% larger than the case without a relief well. With the operation of the relief well, the injection rate of CO2 was four times higher than the rate without the relief well from 200 to 800 ton/day in the case of Pohang basin. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0038-x | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091128 | oai_dc | Assessment of CO2 geological storage capacity in the oilfields of the Songliao Basin, northeastern China | Assessment of CO2 geological storage capacity in the oilfields of the Songliao Basin, northeastern China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Shanghai Du(Beijing Normal University); Xiaosi Su(Jilin University); Wei Xu(Jilin University)"
] | Enhanced oil recovery through carbon dioxide injection (CO2-EOR) data has made it possible to estimate the CO2 geological storage in the oilfields of the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. The storage capacity of CO2 in oilfields was determined and the results show that the theoretical storage capacity of CO2 in the oilfields of the Songliao Basin is 2.36 × 109 t, and the effective storage capacity is 0.59 × 109 t with an effective coefficient of 0.25. Among the tectonic units, the central downwarp has the highest storage capacity of 2.17 × 109 t, which accounts for 91.8% of the total storage capacity. On the other hand, the western slope area has a storage capacity of 0.13 × 109 t, which accounts for only 5.6% of the total storage capacity. Thus, the central downwarp and western slope together comprise about 97.4% of the total storage capacity, and these areas could be selected as potential areas for CO2 geological storage in the oilfields of the Songliao Basin. Furthermore, the oilfields can be used as target formations to store CO2 for about 10 years as per the estimated effective storage capacity, and 40 years according to the theoretical storage capacity. Although, the uncertainty analysis of the parameters yielded the cursory estimated results of the CO2 storage capacity, the prospect selection for the CO2 sequestration in the oilfields of the Songliao Basin is feasible based on the assessment scale. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0037-y | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091086 | oai_dc | Lacustrine hyperpycnal flow deposits after explosive volcanic eruptions, Cretaceous Beolkeum Member, Wido Island, Korea | Lacustrine hyperpycnal flow deposits after explosive volcanic eruptions, Cretaceous Beolkeum Member, Wido Island, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yong Sik Gihm(University of Science and Technology); In Gul Hwang(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera)"
] | The Cretaceous Beolkeum Member was formed in a lacustrine environment affected by explosive volcanic eruptions, and hyperpycnal flow deposits are well developed following the eruptions.
Beds of hyperpycnal flow deposit are generally less than 25 cm thick and consist of an inversely graded and planar laminated lower part, a poorly-sorted and massive middle part, and a normally graded, planar laminated upper part. An internal erosional surface is common between the lower and middle parts. After explosive volcanic eruptions, subaerial drainage systems would be highly disturbed by deposition of fine-grained and loose pyroclasts. The pyroclasts can easily be remobilized by surface runoff, and the surface runoff evolved into sedimentladen floods with excess density to plunge into the lake, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of the hyperpycnal flows.
Compared with classic models of hyperpycnal flow deposits, predominant planar laminations in the lower and upper parts suggest high fallout rates of suspended sediments from the hyperpycnal flows during initial and late stages of deposition. This implies that the hyperpycnal flows were driven from relatively highly concentrated subaerial floods owing to erodible subaerial conditions following the eruptions. Relatively thinly bedded hyperpycnal flow deposits (<25 cm thick) in comparison with the classic models (1 to 4 m thick) can be attributed to short-lived hyperpycnal flows, arising from the disturbed subaerial conditions following eruptions together with relatively small-scale drainage basins around the lake. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0040-3 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091130 | oai_dc | Oil-oil correlation by FTIR spectroscopy of asphaltene samples | Oil-oil correlation by FTIR spectroscopy of asphaltene samples | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Morteza Asemani(Amirkabir University of Technology); Ahmad Reza Rabbani(Amirkabir University of Technology)"
] | In this paper, a new technique with easy interpretation, low cost, and reliable results is presented for oil-oil correlation purpose. In this technique, the structural characterization of asphaltene, because of its structural similarity with kerogene and resistance to secondary processes (e.g., migration, biodegradation, thermal maturity, and so on), was considered as a correlation parameter and asphaltenes structure similarity in different oil samples is the basis of geochemical correlation. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to detect and compare asphaltene structures with each other. The four oil samples from different oil fields in the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and introduced indexes that represent structural characteristic of asphaltenes enabled us to perform geochemical correlation. To validation of this technique, the other common geochemical techniques (e.g., stable carbon isotope and biomarkers) were applied to geochemical correlation.
These techniques completely supported and complemented the results of the asphaltene FTIR spectroscopy technique. The results of these three techniques show genetic relationships among these 4 oil samples and indicated that these oil samples belong to two distinct oil families. The First oil family originated from carbonate rich source rock and the second oil family was sourced from calcareous shale source rock. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0042-1 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091125 | oai_dc | Application of probabilistic approach to evaluate coalbed methane resources using geological data of coal basin in Indonesia | Application of probabilistic approach to evaluate coalbed methane resources using geological data of coal basin in Indonesia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Young-Min Kim(Chonnam National University); Hochang Jang(Chonnam National University); Jeonghwan Lee(Chonnam National University)"
] | The aim of this study is to present coalbed methane (CBM) resources with more comprehensive estimation from geological data of coal basins in Indonesia. As Indonesia has the huge amount of coal resources, CBM potential is also highly expected.
However, insufficient assessments due to the lack of data in the coalbed reservoir have been done, resulting in lack of accuracy in resource estimations. In this study, volumetric and material balance analysis using Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to evaluate the CBM resources. The focus of the part include selection of parameters, determination of distribution function, generation of random numbers, and evaluation of the parameters corresponding to random numbers in Monte Carlo simulation. The coal reservoirs and CBM properties were obtained from Powder River and San Juan basins in the US, while geological and drilling data were obtained from the fields in Indonesia. As the results, the total CBM resources of Indonesian 6 target basins are evaluated to be approximately 15.10 trillion m3 and 15.27 trillion m3 as the best estimate (analog with 2P reserve) by volumetric and material balance estimation, respectively. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0009-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091085 | oai_dc | On the viscous resistance of marine sediments for estimating their strength and flow characteristics | On the viscous resistance of marine sediments for estimating their strength and flow characteristics | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정승원(한국지질자원연구원); Sung-Sik Park(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera)"
] | To examine debris flow mobility with respect to the runout distance and velocity, strength parameters (e.g., the Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley yield stresses, undrained shear strength, flow behavior index) are needed. In modeling debris flow, the Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley yield stresses are often used, but they lead to large differences in the runout distance and velocity of the failed masses. It is very difficult to determine the true yield stress. In this study, we propose using the viscous resistance, obtained from the normalized flow curve resulting when the shear stress and shear rate are divided by reference shear stress and shear rate values (i.e., logτ/τ o-log / o). The viscous resistance and strength parameters are compared from the viewpoint of geotechnology and rheology.
The shear strength and flow characteristics of marine sediments can be characterized in terms of the viscous resistance and the viscous resistance is linearly related to other strength parameters (e.g., viscosity, yield stress and undrained shear strength). Thus, the viscous resistance provides a simple and easy approach for approximating strength and flow parameters in debris flow dynamics. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0032-3 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091088 | oai_dc | Spectral characteristics of minerals associated with skarn deposits: a case study of Weondong skarn deposit, South Korea | Spectral characteristics of minerals associated with skarn deposits: a case study of Weondong skarn deposit, South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yongsik Jeong(Chungnam National University); Jaehyung Yu(Chungnam National University); Sang-Mo Koh(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Chul-Ho Heo(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Jeonga Lee(Chungnam National University)"
] | This study examined the spectral characteristics of minerals occurring at Weondong skarn deposit located in South Korea and assessed the effectiveness of VNIR-SWIR spectroscopic approaches in zone definition characterizing skarn deposits based on XRD, XRF, and petrographic studies. The spectroscopic analyses identified intrusive rock, garnet-clinopyroxene skarn, clinopyroxene- garnet skarn, W-ore, and host rock zones. The assessment results for VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy in skarn exploration illustrated that the spectral approaches would be very useful for attaining skarn mineral information such as calcite, chlorite, clinopyroxene, garnet, scapolite, vesuvianite, and wollastonite and clay minerals. Furthermore, the rock-forming minerals such as K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, fluorite, and tungsten-bearing minerals like scheelite may require supplementary mineral analysis. A combined analysis of spectrometry, XRD, XRF, UV lamp scanning, and petrographic studies reveals that the skarn mineralization of the study area related to W mineral of the study core is defined as proximal endoskarn to proximal exoskarn, which could be defined by spectroscopic approaches. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0043-0 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091090 | oai_dc | Paleogene lacustrine dolomitization, Xingou region, southern Qianjiang Depression, China | Paleogene lacustrine dolomitization, Xingou region, southern Qianjiang Depression, China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Junjun Shen(Yangtze University); Bo Chen(Yangtze University); Fangfang Chen(Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina); Chao Cheng(Shanghai Branch of China National Offsho); Yangfan Li(Shanghai Branch of China National Offsho); Ying Tian(Institute of Regional Geology and Minera)"
] | The lacustrine dolomicrites of Unit II of the lower Xingouzui Formation deposited in the southern part of the Qianjiang Depression provide a good “tight carbonate” hydrocarbon reservoir.
The dolomicrites are typically interbedded with and sourced from organic-rich argillite, which together form a source-reservoir assemblage characterized by thin single-layer thicknesses, far lateral extent and continuous lateral distribution. Systematic sedimentological and geochemical studies indicate that the depositional environment and organic matter evolution of the dark argillites (with TOC of 0.5–2%) are favorable for formation of the dolomicrites.
The dolomicrite was mainly formed in a shallow-water evaporative environment; crystals are anhedral under SEM, in non-surface contact, and include a number of honeycomb intergranular micropores associated with replacement. The dolomicrite shows orange-orangered light by cathodoluminescence, indicative of association with minor terrigenous debris; X-ray diffraction results indicate that the dolomicrite is characterized by high calcium content (CaCO3 molar contents of 52.28–52.28%), low degree of orders of 0.2–0.4), and high content of Fe. The dolomicrite has δ18O values of 2.47–2.47‰ PDB, more positive than micrite, and δ13C values as moderately negative as 9.4–4.21‰ PDB, similar to micrite. Both values indicate the dolomicrite formed in a low-temperature genetic zone. Together, these characteristics indicate that the dolomicrite in the study area was formed in a high-salinity, confined lake basin, characterized by low temperature, shallow burial, and rapid nucleation and crystallization.
The dolomicrite experienced a contemporaneous period with formation of dark mudstone, shale and calcite, and a penecontemporaneous period with formation of dolomicrite via seepage-reflux and a diagenetic period when ferrodolomite was formed via burial. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0027-0 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091122 | oai_dc | Sediment geochemistry with population of recent benthic ostracoda in Palk Bay, southeast coast of India | Sediment geochemistry with population of recent benthic ostracoda in Palk Bay, southeast coast of India | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sridhar G.D. Sithu(University of Madras, Guindy Campus); Baskar Kuppusamy(University of Madras, Guindy Campus); Maniyarasan Subramaniyan(University of Madras, Guindy Campus); Hussain M. Sheik(University of Madras, Guindy Campus)"
] | Seasonal observation on trace elements of shallow inner shelf sediments and their correlation with the population of recent benthic ostracoda off Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, Southeast coast of India is the aim of this study. The sediments were analysed for trace elements Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Cr and being correlated with the population of benthic ostracoda for four different seasons. Cu has a positive correlation, and Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Cr have negative correlation with the total population of ostracoda. Al has no considerable correlation with the total population of ostracoda. In the middle segment plenty of corals were found in the study area and their effect being discussed. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0035-0 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091124 | oai_dc | Estimating shear wave velocities in oil fields: a neural network approach | Estimating shear wave velocities in oil fields: a neural network approach | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sagar Singh(Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee); Ali Ismet Kanli(Istanbul University)"
] | In this study, we applied the back-propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique to test the shear-velocity for the two wells from an oil field in southeastern region of Turkey estimated from an empirical relationship. The input to the neural network includes neutron porosity, density, true resistivity, P-wave velocity and gamma-ray logs which are known to affect the shearwave velocity. The correlation between the shear-wave velocity from the empirical relationship and that from the neural network is close to one in both the training and testing stages. Thus, the ANN technique can be used to predict shear-wave velocity from other well log data. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0036-z | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002091123 | oai_dc | Seismic and infrasonic analysis of the 9 March 2014 fireball in South Korea | Seismic and infrasonic analysis of the 9 March 2014 fireball in South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Il-Young Che(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Geunyoung Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Hee-Il Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera)"
] | On the evening of 9 March 2014, a bright fireball was observed in many places in South Korea, the energy associated with the event was also recorded at local seismic and regional infrasound stations. Using impulsive seismic signals recorded at 19 stations, we calculated the possible extent of the sonic source of the fireball by assuming point- and line-source models, which might be physically linked to either a point-source explosion in the atmosphere or shock waves radiating from the fireball’s trail, respectively.
By comparing the observed seismic arrival times with those predicted by both models, a line-source model resulted in better solution than a point-source model. It means that shock waves along the meteor’s high-speed passage through the atmosphere probably acted as the dominant source of the seismic signals. The parameters of the fireball’s sonic trajectory, after incorporating a realistic sound velocity model of the atmosphere, are estimated to be an azimuth arrival angle of 313.5° clockwise from the north and an elevation arrival angle of 44.5° above the Earth’s surface, with a time of 11:04:51 UTC at which the trajectory meets the Earth’s surface.
The estimated ground impact point is about 2 km offset from locations where meteorites associated with the fireball were found. The line-source model also explained the large azimuthal deviation of infrasound waves observed at arrays in the vicinity of the trajectory.
From the infrasound measurements, the kinetic local-source energy generating the sound was estimated to be approximately 0.8 tons TNT, based on semi-empirical relations for the point- and line-source models. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0034-1 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076533 | oai_dc | Two complementary stress release processes based on departures from Omori’s law | Two complementary stress release processes based on departures from Omori’s law | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Marisol Monterrubio (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México); Maria-Dolors Martínez(Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Sp); Xavier Lana(Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Sp)"
] | Three aftershock series in Southern California, associated with the mainshocks of Landers (1992), Northridge (1994) and Hector Mine (1999) are interpreted as the superposition of a long stress relaxation process, in agreement with the Omori’s law, and a number of short episodes with sudden stress release. These short episodes are detected as departures from the expected Omori’s law.
Aftershocks following a long stress relaxation process are designed as leading aftershocks (LA) and their generation rate fits well to the modified Omori’s law (MOL). The rest of aftershocks correspond to the different episodes of sudden stress release, every one designed as a cascade (CA). Cascades are found to be characterized by four basic properties. First, although the number of aftershocks NC belonging to every cascade fluctuates greatly along the stress relaxation process, a clear positive trend of NC with the elapsed time since the mainshock is observed in the initial phase of the aftershock sequence. After a critical elapsed time, very short in comparison with the aftershock sequence length, this positive trend diminishes significantly or even becomes negative. Second, the aftershock generation rate, GR, for every cascade, is almost constant. Third, GR for the successive CAs, represented as a function of its starting time measured since the mainshock, decreases according to a power-law. Four, the validity of the Gutenberg-Richter law is preserved for the sequence of all aftershocks belonging to cascades, with values of the b-parameter quite similar to those deduced for the complete aftershock series. Additionally, some statistical and fractal (self-affine) properties of CAs are analyzed. Given that the number of aftershocks with minimum magnitudes assuring catalogue completeness ranges, for the three seismic crises, from 6,000 up to 20,000, properties concerning LA and CA can be established with a high degree of confidence. As a conclusion, a single stress relaxation process following the Omori’s law should be discarded. A physical explanation, based on the complex spatial patterns of the stress field and tectonic fractures, as well as on the two proposed relaxation processes, is qualitatively discussed. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000232.xml | |||
ART002076572 | oai_dc | Modification of a digital elevation model (DEM) in a flat topographic area with respect to manmade features | Modification of a digital elevation model (DEM) in a flat topographic area with respect to manmade features | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wael Kanoua(AL Baath University, Syria); Broder J. Merkel(TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany)"
] | This study compares two Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) that are available free of charge: (1) the Consultative Group for International Agriculture Research Consortium for Spatial Information SRTM C-band CGIAR-CSI v4.1 (SRTM): 3 arc sec (approximately 92 m at the equator; originally 1 arc sec but only distributed with 3 arc sec) and (2) the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-Global Digital Elevation Model ASTER GDEM v2 (ASTER2): 1 arc sec (approximately 31 m at the equator). Additionally, the DEM was modified according to known topographic features in the study area. The first step was investigating whether there is a spatial shift between the different DEMs by using a very high resolution (VHR) satellite GeoEye image.
Beside visual comparisons, statistical methods were applied to compare the elevation models. Reference data used in this study are the Ground Control Points (GCPs) collected in a previous investigation in the same study area. SRTM proved to be the better of two available free elevation models (SRTM and ASTER2). This conclusion is based on an assessment of the different investigated aspects such as morphologic details, reliability, completeness, and accuracy. The ability to modify the SRTM model with 92 m horizontal resolution from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is here discussed. The study area is located in Titas Upazila, Comilla district, Bangladesh and comprises manmade topographic features (e.g., road embankments and mounds that houses are built on above the monsoon flooding level), which are not or not completely represented in the DEM due to their small spatial extent. To represent these topographic features, the DEM was refined by dividing each pixel into 0.5 m pixel spacings.
The elevated areas (roads and villages) were digitized using GeoEye satellite imagery and Google Earth. The pixels located in the elevated areas were given the proper elevation and rejoined to the original DEM raster. The effect of trees can be excluded because of their scarcity in the studied area, and because their existence is limited just to both sides of the artificially elevated streets and areas where people live.
Furthermore, the bias in the SRTM model is eliminated by two steps: (1) the mean (value) of the differences between the GCPs and the corresponding points of the SRTM is subtracted from SRTM points, and then the root mean square error (RMSE) is diminished to 0.67 m; (2) the same mean (value) of the differences is subtracted from the whole SRTM model. The finally modified DEM represents the real terrain surface with the most important details of the study area. This modified elevation model may be used in studies to model groundwater flow driven by topography. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0020-7 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076510 | oai_dc | Distribution of diagenetic alterations within depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework of fan delta and subaqueous fan sandstones: evidence from the Lower Cretaceous Bayingebi Formation, Chagan sag, China–Mongolia frontier area | Distribution of diagenetic alterations within depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework of fan delta and subaqueous fan sandstones: evidence from the Lower Cretaceous Bayingebi Formation, Chagan sag, China–Mongolia frontier area | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wei Wei(China University of Petroleum); Xiaomin Zhu(China University of Petroleum); Mingxuan Tan(China University of Petroleum); Chenbingjie Wu(China University of Petroleum); Dianbin Guo(Zhongyuan oilfield company, China); Hui Su(Zhongyuan oilfield company, China)"
] | Linking siliciclastic diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy allows a better understanding of the parameters controlling the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations. A study of the subaqueous fan and fan delta sandstones of the Bayingebi Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Chagan sag (China), reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Eogenetic alterations, which were encountered in the sandstones of subaqueous fan and fan delta, include: (1) replacement of detrital silicates and mud matrix by kaolinites in sandstones of the late highstand systems tract (HST) and the lowstand systems tract (LST). The formation of kaolinites is attributed to the influx of meteoric water when the base level fell and the channels migrated laterally on preexisting floodplains or channel deposits. (2) Infiltrated clays, which rim around detrital grains, mainly occur in channel sandstones of the LST due to the percolation of mud-rich surface waters. (3) Calcite I (δ18OVPDB = –20.19‰ to −3.64‰ and δ13CVPDB = –0.67‰ to –3.1‰), Calcite II (δ18OVPDB = –14‰ to –18.28‰ and δ13CVPDB = –2.2‰ to –3.60‰), dolomite (δ18OVPDB = –17.91‰ to –21.04‰ and δ13CVPDB = –0.46‰ to –1.66‰) and ankerite (δ18OVPDB = –15.02 to –20.42‰ and δ13CVPDB = –0.074 to –1.43‰), which are associated with palaeosol horizons mainly developed on top of overbank and channel sandstones of transgressive systems tract (TST) and early stage of the HST. Such extensive eogenetic calcite cements may act as potential layers for the formation of reservoir compartments for underlying sandstones. Mesogenetic alterations include: (1) abundant quartz overgrowths in the overbank sandstones of subaqueous fan in the LST and pro-fan-delta sandstones in the HST, in which early carbonate cements are lacking and grain-coats are thin. (2) Illite, chlorite and albitized feldspars, which occur in small amounts, are most common in the LST and late stage of the HST sandstones. Such cementation by calcite, dolomite, quartz overgrowths and formation of illite led to porosity and permeability deterioration during mesodiagenesis. This study revealed the importance of integration of diagenesis with sequence stratigraphy of subaqueous fan and fan delta sandstones in improving our ability to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of eogenetic alterations and their subsequent impact on mesogenetic alterations, and thus on reservoir quality modifications. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0015-4 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076529 | oai_dc | Petrophysical analysis of a clastic reservoir rock: a case study of the Early Cambrian Khewra Sandstone, Potwar Basin, Pakistan | Petrophysical analysis of a clastic reservoir rock: a case study of the Early Cambrian Khewra Sandstone, Potwar Basin, Pakistan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Shahid Ghazi(University of the Punjab, Pakistan); Perveiz Khalid(University of the Punjab, Pakistan); Tahir Aziz(University of the Punjab, Pakistan); Zulqarnain Sajid(University of the Punjab, Pakistan); Tanzila Hanif(University of the Punjab, Pakistan)"
] | The Khewra Sandstone is widely distributed throughout the Potwar Basin of Pakistan. Its reservoir aspects are evaluated by the interpretation of well log data recorded from Kal-01 and Kal- 02 wells in the Kal Oil Field, eastern Potwar Basin. The encountered thickness of the Khewra Sandstone in Kal-01and Kal-02 varies from 60 m to 120 m. On the basis of lithological interpretation from wireline logs the formation is divided into four facies: 1) shale interbedded with minor siltstone and sandstone, 2) sandstone with alternating siltstone and claystone/shale, 3) claystone /shale, siltstone interbedded with fine to medium grained sandstone and 4) fine to coarse grained sandstone with channels. The log derived average porosity in Khewra Sandstone is about 14–22% with permeability ranges from 20–58 mD. Thus, it possesses a large storage capacity for moveable hydrocarbons in Kal Oil Field. Facies 4, in the upper part of the Khewra Sandstone, is interpreted as potential reservoir interval with hydrocarbon saturation ranges from 77–79%. Based on isopach map, the formation is interpreted to be well developed in NE-SW which gradually thins basinward to the west and northwest direction. The play fairway analysis suggested very high chances of hydrocarbon entrapment is in the Kal Oil Field. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0021-6 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076585 | oai_dc | Induced seismicity: the potential hazard from shale gas development and CO2 geologic storage | Induced seismicity: the potential hazard from shale gas development and CO2 geologic storage | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jin-Yong Lee(Kangwon National University, R.O. Korea); Matthew Weingarten(University of Colorado, USA); Shemin Ge(University of Colorado, USA)"
] | We present an overview of the current status of unconventional energy development, particularly of shale gas, and underground CO2 storage as a measure to mitigate greenhouse gas increase in the atmosphere. We review their potential to induce seismicity, which has caused debates among related energy enterprises, engineers, researchers, and environmental and public communities regarding their potential hazards. Studies show that fracking can be a problem in that it consumes abundant water, but the seismicity induced by fracking has not yet been observed to induce many felt earthquakes. However, massive wastewater injection, a part of the unconventional energy development process has caused M5.0+ earthquakes in the past as well as several recent and ongoing cases of induced seismicity. Large-scale CO2 injection as a part of carbon sequestration efforts in the near future has a high risk of inducing large earthquakes. Therefore, injection operations related to both unconventional energy development and carbon sequestration should be optimized and managed to mitigate the likelihood of an induced seismic event. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0030-5 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076567 | oai_dc | Geochemical significance of 14C, 3H, δ18O, δ2H and 87Sr/86Sr isotope data for the Dongrae and Haeundae hot spring waters, Busan, South Korea | Geochemical significance of 14C, 3H, δ18O, δ2H and 87Sr/86Sr isotope data for the Dongrae and Haeundae hot spring waters, Busan, South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Seung-Gu Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Toshio Nakamura(Nagoya University, Japan); Yoon Yeol Yoon(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Tae Jong Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)"
] | Dongrae and Haeundae are representative hot spring areas that have been used as spas for more than 1,000 years in the southern Korean Peninsula. These hot springs have water temperatures >58 °C and are located along the southeast coastal area of the peninsula. We used 14C, 3H, δ18O, δ2H, and 87Sr/86Sr isotope data for the Dongrae and Haeundae hot spring waters collected over 2004–2014 to investigate the groundwater cycle and heat source for these hot springs. The stable isotope compositions of O and H suggested meteoric origin of the hot spring waters. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the Dongrae and Haeundae hot spring waters have been steady for 11 years at 0.70567 ± 0.00002 and 0.70607 ± 0.00002, respectively, suggesting that they are in a near equilibrium state. The 14C age of the Dongrae hot spring waters ranges from 1,401 to 2979 years BP, and that of the Haeundae hot spring waters from 1930 to 6687 years BP. We observed a strong correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and 14C, as well as δ18O. Therefore, the hot springs in the Busan area were supposed to be heated by a paleo-heat source, suggesting that there may be no current heat source under the present crustal conditions.
This study also demonstrates that monitoring of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio and 14C in the groundwater and deep thermal water can be used as a proxy for tracing the heat source of geothermal waters such as hot springs and an indicator of groundwater mixings between upper and lower aquifers in granite area. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0031-4 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076524 | oai_dc | Implication of the chemical index of alteration as a paleoclimatic perturbation indicator: an example from the lower Neoproterozoic strata of Aksu, Xinjiang, NW China | Implication of the chemical index of alteration as a paleoclimatic perturbation indicator: an example from the lower Neoproterozoic strata of Aksu, Xinjiang, NW China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Haifeng Ding(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Dongsheng Ma(Nanjing University, China); Chunyan Yao(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral); Qizhong Lin(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Linhai Jing(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | The Neoproterozoic successions in the Aksu region, NW China, which lies unconformably on the Precambrian Aksu Group basement, comprises the Qiaoenbrak, Yuermeinak, Sugetbrak, and Chigebrak formations (from bottom to top). The two lowermost units include two distinct glacial diamictites, which indicate distinct episodes of glaciations. We report the major and trace element (including rare earth element) data for the Qiaoenbrak, Yuermeinak, and Sugetbrak formations to identify the paleoclimatic perturbations. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) values show variations from Qiaoenbrak to Yuermeinak, then Sugetbrak formations. The diamictites have relatively lower chemical index of alteration values (45.23–59.64) than inter-, post- and non-glacial sediments (48.28–66.96). This result supported the condition that the diamictites underwent relatively weak chemical weathering from a dry-cold sedimentary environment, which is associated with the sedimentary facies description. The lower Neoproterozoic successions recoded at least two glaciations, one is Qiaoenbrak glaciation and the other is Yuermeinak glaciation. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0025-2 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076541 | oai_dc | Seismic and well log driven structural and petrophysical analysis of the Lower Goru Formation in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan | Seismic and well log driven structural and petrophysical analysis of the Lower Goru Formation in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Muhammad Naeem(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Muhammad Kamran Jafri(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Sayed S.R. Moustafa(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Nassir S. AL-Arifi(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Shazia Asim(Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan); Farhan Khan(King Saud University, Saudi Ara... | The Sinjhoro concession is prolific gas-producing block situated on the eastern limb of the Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan.
It contains several development and production (D & P) leases, which are producing gas from Cretaceous rocks. The present study aimed to evaluate the structural and petrophysical properties of the Lower Goru Formation using a 2D seismic and well-driven integrated study. A seismic driven time structure map of the Lower Goru Formation was generated, which depicted horst and graben structures oriented predominantly in a NNW-SSE direction. These normal faults are deep seated and potentially provide a vertical primary migration pathway to hydrocarbon flow. A prospective lead of 20 ms was identified in the northwestern portion of the structural map, which could be explored further. Besides this, a RMS amplitude map was generated within the target reservoir level to show the general sand body distribution within the reservoir. Our study revealed that the reservoir quality sands are deposited in the eastern portion of the study area. The identified lead is also located on a fair to good level of sand body which is producing from the well drilled to the south of the prospective area. Additionally, it is strongly recommended to conduct an infill seismic survey over and around the newly identified prospect in order to validate its existence and aerial outspreads. Well correlation, petrophysical data logs (PDLs) and cross-plot techniques were adopted to predict the petrophysical properties of the reservoir level. During the petrophysical study, two prospective zone were identified, with Zone-II showing more promising results for hydrocarbon presence than Zone-I. The present research has shown that integration of seismic attributes with petrophysical calculations can help to identify new prospective leads even in cases where there is less seismic data coverage. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0028-z | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076578 | oai_dc | A comparative study of landslide susceptibility maps using logistic regression, frequency ratio, decision tree, weights of evidence and artificial neural network | A comparative study of landslide susceptibility maps using logistic regression, frequency ratio, decision tree, weights of evidence and artificial neural network | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Liang-Jie Wang(Nanjing Forestry University, China); Min Guo(Gifu University, Japan); Kazuhide Sawada(Gifu University, Japan); Jie Lin(Nanjing Forestry University, China); Jinchi Zhang(Nanjing Forestry University, China)"
] | For the purpose of comparing susceptibility mapping methods in Mizunami City, Japan, the landslide inventory was partitioned into three groups as various training and test datasets to identify the most appropriate method for creating a landslide susceptibility map. A total of fifteen landslide susceptibility maps were produced using frequency ratio, logistic regression, decision tree, weights of evidence and artificial neural network models, and the results were assessed using existing test landside points and areas under the relative operative characteristic curve (AUC). The validation results indicated that the logistic regression model could provide the highest AUC value (0.865), and a relatively high percentage of landslide points fell in the high and very high landslide susceptibility classes in this study. Furthermore, the paper also suggested that the model performances would be increased if appropriate landslide points were used for the calculation. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0026-1 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002076561 | oai_dc | Geo-environmental assessment of Al-Wala dam sediments, Jordan | Geo-environmental assessment of Al-Wala dam sediments, Jordan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Nazem M. El-Radaideh(Yarmouk University, Jordan)"
] | Surface sediments of Al-Wala Reservoir central Jordan, were evaluated to characterize trace element distribution and sources related to various physicochemical variables. Metallic micronutrient distribution is determined by grain size analysis, parent material in the catchment, and anthropogenic activities. The suitability of reservoir sediment as a source of natural additives for replacing eroded topsoil was assessed by comparing the physiochemical characteristics of bottom sediments to normal worldwide soils. Textural analysis of bottom sediments is mainly composed of very fine-grained facies (clayey-silty facies), characterized by high content of different types of clay minerals and organic matters, medium-high cation exchange capacity, and optimal pH ranges for availability of most micronutrients. Among the metallic micronutrients measured: Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu and Mn, total abundance of Zn and Cd slightly exceeded the recommended safe levels for normal soils, but these concentrations my are decline when the sediments are exposed to air. Comparing our results with natural soils, it can be concluded that clayey-silty facies sediments can be considered as a good source of non-manufactured additives, whereas coarse-grained (sandy and granule facies) sediments as a good agricultural soil. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0022-5 | kci_detailed_000232.xml | ||
ART002145751 | oai_dc | Li isotopic disequilibrium of the Cenozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle in East Asia | Li isotopic disequilibrium of the Cenozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle in East Asia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Youngwoo Kil(Chonnam National University, R.O. Korea); Haemyeong Jung(Seoul National University, R.O. Korea); Kyounghee Yang(Pusan National University)"
] | Mantle-derived spinel peridotite xenoliths, enclosed in alkali basalt and dating between 18.9 Ma and <1.2 Ma occur in southwestern Japan (On-yama and Arato-yama), South Korea (Baegryeong Island, Asan and Pyeongtaeg, Boeun, Jeju Island, and Goseong), and eastern China (Qixia and Nushan). Sample locations were specifically selected to evaluate spatial differences in lithium (Li) isotopes in the spinel peridotite xenoliths, which have undergone both enrichment and depletion processes under mantle conditions.
Li concentrations and isotopic compositions of coexisting olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene in the spinel peridotite xenoliths from these units reveal both elemental and isotopic disequilibrium.
The observed Li isotopic disequilibrium between xenolith minerals may reflect fractional infiltration of Li isotopic compositions from the host magma by later metasomatism during transport from the mantle to the surface. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0024-y | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145752 | oai_dc | U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications of the early Devonian granitoids in the Liuyuan area, Beishan, NW China | U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications of the early Devonian granitoids in the Liuyuan area, Beishan, NW China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jiang Zhu(China Geological Survey); Xinbiao Lv(China University of Geosciences); Sanguo Peng(China Geological Survey)"
] | We present new zircon U-Pb ages, Sr-Nd isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of the early Devonian granitoids in the south Beishan area. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicate that the Huitongshan and Shijinpo granitoids have crystallization ages of 418.5 ± 4.4 Ma (MSWD = 0.31) and 404.4 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.20), respectively. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics suggest that the Huitongshan syenogranites are highly fractionated I-type granites, and the Shijinpo granitoids are A-type granites. They belong to the high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series, and are weakly peraluminous-metaluminous. εNd(t) of the Huitongshan granite vary from –0.4 to –1.0, with TDM2 model ages ranging from 1.20 to 1.25 Ga.
While εNd(t) of the Shijinpo granite vary from –1.7 to –2.4, while TDM2 model ages ranging from 1.29 to 1.35 Ga. The Sr-Nd isotopic and geochemical signatures suggest that these granitoids formed through fractional crystallization of magmas derived by partial melting of juvenile crustal source. We interpret that these early Devonian I- and A-type granitoids generated in the subduction setting, probably associated with the upwelling asthenosphere through a slab window. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0004-2 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145754 | oai_dc | Numerical modeling on the sensitivity of directional dependent interface heat transfer on thermal transport in a coupled fracture-matrix system | Numerical modeling on the sensitivity of directional dependent interface heat transfer on thermal transport in a coupled fracture-matrix system | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Rakesh Thekke Veettil(Indian Institute of Technology); Govindarajan Suresh Kumar(Indian Institute of Technology)"
] | The conventional dual-porosity model has been modified by considering the heat exchange term at the fracture-matrix interface in the governing equation for thermal transport within the low permeable rock-matrix as against its conventional consideration within the high permeable fracture. A finite volume numerical model has been developed in order to analyze the influence of the source/sink term which defines the heat transfer at the fracturematrix interface. The comparison of the spatial distribution for temperature within the fracture and within the reservoir matrix for two different models, (1) conventional model in which the source/ sink heat transfer term included in the equation for thermal transport within the fracture; (2) proposed model in which the source/ sink heat transfer term included in the equation for thermal transport within the rock-matrix, have been performed. In addition, the sensitivity of the reservoir matrix thermal conductivities, both horizontal and vertical, on thermal energy extraction from the reservoir matrix has also been analyzed using the proposed model. Numerical results suggest that the estimation of temperature distribution in the fracture and rock-matrix and thus quantifying the heat extraction from the reservoir matrix is underestimated in a fracture-matrix system by using the conventional thermal transport model. It has been also observed that the temperature distribution obtained in the fracture and the rock-matrix by considering the heat transfer term in the thermal transport equation within the fracture shows significant variation from the temperature distribution obtained by considering the heat transfer term in the equation for thermal transport within the rock-matrix. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0054-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145753 | oai_dc | Numerical modeling of two species radionuclide transport in a single fracturematrix system with variable fracture aperture | Numerical modeling of two species radionuclide transport in a single fracturematrix system with variable fracture aperture | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Nikhil Bagalkot(Indian Institute of Technology); Govindarajan Suresh Kumar(Indian Institute of Technology)"
] | A variable aperture model, instead of a conventional parallel plate model, is utilized to study the transport of radionuclides in a single coupled fracture-matrix system. A fully implicit finite difference model has been developed, which incorporates fracture aperture width variation in the numerical study of two species radionuclide transport. Two distinct geometric profiles namely, sinusoidal and logarithmic have been used to capture the variation of aperture width. The dependence of advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, linear sorption, and matrix diffusion on aperture width is considered in the analysis of radionuclides transport. Two species (parent and daughter) radioactive decay chain is also incorporated. There is a greater retardation of radionuclides in fracture for the variable aperture model than the parallel plate model. Sensitivity analysis on fracture surface sorption coefficient, longitudinal dispersivity, matrix porosity, and matrix diffusion coefficient shows that the conventional parallel plate model overestimate the radionuclide concentration in the fracture when compared to the variable aperture model. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0006-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145758 | oai_dc | X-Ray CT scanning imaging for the Nubia sandstone as a tool for characterizing its capillary properties | X-Ray CT scanning imaging for the Nubia sandstone as a tool for characterizing its capillary properties | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Bassem S. Nabawy(National Research Centre, Egypt); Christian David(Universit de Cergy-Pontoise)"
] | The Nubia sandstone is among the most important aquifers/reservoirs system in and around the Gulf of Suez province in Egypt. It is composed of very fine to coarse siliceous highly porous sandstone. It can be differentiated into four formations, named Araba, Naqus, Abu Durba and Malha. The capillary imbibition properties of the Nubia sandstone have been studied using two different techniques: 1) Increasing mass against time and 2) X-Ray CT scanning imaging. Both methods are valuable in characterizing the different capillary properties of the studied rocks, i.e., the coefficient of capillary ‘C’ (measured in g/(cm2.s1/2) using the first method and the capillary parameter ‘A’ (measured in cm/s1/2) using the second one. In addition, porosity (17.7 to 23.5%) was measured using two techniques: 1) Water saturation under vacuum, and 2) mercury injection ‘MICP’ under high pressure. The mercury injection test indicated homogeneity in the pore throat distribution of the studied samples. Liquid permeability (41.6 to 374.2 md) was measured using water flow; it is very good to excellent and mostly controlled by the rock porosity and average pore throat diameter. Both capillary parameters ‘A’ and ‘C’ show a positive correlation with permeability.
On a limited set of samples the anisotropy linked to pore fabric could be estimated. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0073-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145755 | oai_dc | Process of pore pressure diffusion in saturated clay soil and impact of adsorbed water | Process of pore pressure diffusion in saturated clay soil and impact of adsorbed water | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"LianSheng Tang(Sun Yat-sen University); HaoKun Chen(Sun Yat-sen University); Jing Song(Sun Yat-sen University)"
] | Water molecules are adsorbed onto the surface and interlayer of clay minerals and form a film, which causes that pore pressure diffusion in clayey soils differs from that in granular material.
In this paper, adsorbed water is classified into strongly adsorbed water and loosely adsorbed water, which provide a better understanding of the physical mechanisms of the adsorbed water. To investigate the impact of adsorbed water on pore pressure diffusion, a series laboratory tests were conducted, including the uplift pressure test, pore pressure diffusion test and adsorbed water content test. The experimental results implies that strongly adsorbed water can neither flow nor participate in pressure diffusion, but loosely adsorbed water shears at pressure gradients and participates in laminar flow. Therefore, as long as the dense clayey soil contains loosely adsorbed water, the pore pressure change at a local site can diffuse throughout the material.
A concept called “loosely adsorbed water index (Ilo) is defined to characterize both the content and physical properties of loosely adsorbed water: (1) when Ilo ≥ 1, the peripheral water molecules of loosely adsorbed water layer essentially behave the same as free water; (2) as Ilo → 0, the physical properties of adsorbed water may evolve from a gel-like state to a solid-like state (strongly adsorbed water). According to the density of clay and the content of adsorbed water, the process of pore pressure diffusion can be divided into three modes: flow channels of free fluid, deformations of the adsorbed water layer and shear motions of the peripheral-adsorbed water molecules.
Pore pressure response to additional water pressure strongly depends on the permeability, seepage path and boundary conditions. The time-lag effect of pore pressure diffusion should be considered in applications of effective stress in engineering. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0002-4 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145757 | oai_dc | Indirect estimation of deformation modulus of an in situ rock mass: an ANFIS model based on grid partitioning, fuzzy c-means clustering and subtractive clustering | Indirect estimation of deformation modulus of an in situ rock mass: an ANFIS model based on grid partitioning, fuzzy c-means clustering and subtractive clustering | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Hadi Fattahi(Arak University of Technology, Iran)"
] | Deformability of rock masses influencing their behavior is an important geomechanical property for the rock structures design. Due to the problems in determining the deformability of jointed rock masses at the laboratory-scale, various in situ test methods such as plate loading tests, dilatometer etc. have been developed. Although these methods are currently the best techniques, they are expensive and time consuming, and present operational problems. Furthermore, the influence of the test volume on modulus of deformation depending on the technique used is also important.
For these reasons, in this paper, the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to build a prediction model for the indirect estimation of deformation modulus of a rock mass.
Three ANFIS models were implemented by grid partitioning (GP), subtractive clustering method (SCM) and fuzzy c-means clustering method (FCM). The estimation abilities offered using three ANFIS models were presented by using field data of achieved from road and railway construction sites in Korea. In these models, rock mass rating (RMR), depth, uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock (UCS) and elastic modulus of intact rock (Ei) were utilized as the input parameters, while the deformation modulus of a rock mass was the output parameter. Various statistical performance indexes were utilized to compare the performance of those estimation models.
The results achieved indicate that the ANFIS-SCM model has strong potential to indirect estimation of deformation modulus of a rock mass with high degree of accuracy and robustness. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0065-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145762 | oai_dc | Estimating groundwater recharge in the humid and semi-arid African regions: review | Estimating groundwater recharge in the humid and semi-arid African regions: review | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Il-Moon Chung(Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and); Marios A. Sophocleous(Kansas Geological Survey, USA); Dereje Birhanu Mitiku(University of Science & Technology); Nam Won Kim(Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and)"
] | Reliable estimation of groundwater recharge rate is crucial for the assessment of groundwater resource potential in Africa. In this study, we reviewed existing studies on groundwater recharge, especially in the semi-arid and humid regions of Africa.
After the assessment of the main advantages and disadvantages of each method, we strongly agree that among the distinct existing methods, Water-Table Fluctuations (WTF), Recession-Curve Displacement, and Chloride Methods can be used with a better certainty of improved estimation of groundwater recharge in these regions. In addition, the features of existing studies on groundwater recharge are outlined.
The major challenge of these regions on recharge study is the lack of basic data. Therefore, this paper suggests methods for dealing with this limitation and also the future outlook using recently developed technologies such as Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). Watershed hydrologic modeling, which is a robust method for recharge estimation that is widely applied around the world, should also be applied for future perspective by solving the problems of its use and data requirements to find a better result. Strictly speaking, the key to the successful estimation of groundwater recharge lies in the utilization of a variety of independent methods. Therefore, by bringing together the advantages, limitations, and cost of each method, the study of the recharge estimation in different climatic environments of African regions can enter a new era. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0001-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145750 | oai_dc | Contrasting source domains for the Phanerozoic granitoids in South Korea revealed by zircon Hf isotopic signatures | Contrasting source domains for the Phanerozoic granitoids in South Korea revealed by zircon Hf isotopic signatures | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Seung Ryeol Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Deung-Lyong Cho(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Fu-Yuan Wu(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | In situ zircon Hf isotopic analysis was conducted to investigate the characteristics of source materials responsible for generations of the Phanerozoic granitoids in South Korea. The Hf isotopic data compiled from the literature together with this study revealed two principal types of source materials governing the generation of the Permo-Triassic granitoids. One type corresponds to long-lasting, ancient lithospheric materials having highly negative εHf(t) values of –24.3 to –18.6 and is temporally equivalent to the Paleoproterozoic to Neoarchean basement rocks prevalent in South Korea. This type is a primary source material for the Triassic postorogenic granitoids in the Gyeonggi massif. The other type corresponds to juvenile materials accreted by Late Paleozoic continental arc magmatism. This relatively young crust occurs largely in and around the Gyeongsang basin. Systematic southeastward increase in εHf(t) values of both Permo-Triassic and Jurassic granitoids indicates enhanced contributions of juvenile materials toward the paleo-trench.
Such a trend is best explained by the chemical mixing of two principal types of source. Northern limit of chemical interactions between ancient and juvenile components is inferred to lie along the central Okcheon belt during the Permo-Triassic. However, this boundary has shifted southeastward in Jurassic to be defined by the Sunchang– Yecheon shear zone, a part of the Honam Shear Zone. The arc-related juvenile crust was also a principal source for the Cretaceous-Paleogene granitoids in the Gyeongsang basin. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0028-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145756 | oai_dc | Experimental and theoretical investigations into the formation of ice lenses in deformable porous media | Experimental and theoretical investigations into the formation of ice lenses in deformable porous media | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Feng Ming(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Yu Zhang(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Dong-qing Li(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of ice lens initiation and growth in freezing soil. A model describing the growth process of ice lenses in soils has been established. The model presented here, which considers a series of processes, including heat transfer, water migration, phase change, ice lens formation, soil deformation, is solved by the use of a transient finite element. The simulated results agree with the experimental data. Results show that: (1) Negative pore water pressure occurs in unfrozen areas, this result in the water transfers from the unfrozen zone to the frozen zone and substantial water was stored in the frozen zone which results in oscillation with in water content distributions. (2) Few segregation ice lenses appeared in the fast freezing section, several thin and discontinuous segregation ice lenses appeared in the transitional section, and thick ice lenses appeared in the third phase when the freezing front tended to be stable. (3) Both the consolidation process and the expansion process are in progress during the freezing process, due to the migration of unfrozen water. (4) The frost heave model is composed of two aspects: the coupled heat-mass transport and the growth of ice lens. Numerical modeling is able to represent the development of both the thermal field and ice segregation observed in the physical models. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0005-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145759 | oai_dc | Landslide susceptibility mapping at Gongliu county, China using artificial neural network and weight of evidence models | Landslide susceptibility mapping at Gongliu county, China using artificial neural network and weight of evidence models | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Qiqing Wang(China University of Mining and Technolog); Wenping Li(China University of Mining and Technolog); Maolin Xing(China University of Mining and Technolog); Yanli Wu(China University of Mining and Technolog); Yabing Pei(China University of Mining and Technolog); Dongdong Yang(China University of Mining and ... | The aim of this study was to apply and to verify the use of artificial neural network (ANN) and weight of evidence (WoE) models to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Gongliu county, China, using a geographic information system (GIS). For this aim, in this study, a landslide inventory map was prepared using earlier reports and aerial photographs as well as by carrying out field surveys.
A total of 163 landslides (70% out of 233 detected landslides) were randomly selected for model training, and the remaining 70 landslides (30%) were used for the model validation. Then, a total number of twelve landslide conditioning factors, such as slope angle, slope aspect, general curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, altitude, distance to rivers, distance to roads, lithology, rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and sediment transport index (STI), were used in the analysis. Landslide hazardous areas were analyzed and mapped using the landslide-occurrence factors by ANN and WoE models. Finally the output maps were validated using the area under the curve (AUC) method. The validation results showed that the ANN model with a success rate of 82.51% and predictive accuracy of 77.31% performs better than WoE (success rate, 79.82%; predictive accuracy, 74.59%) model. Overall, both models showed almost similar results. Therefore, the two landslide susceptibility maps obtained were successful and can be useful for preliminary general land use planning and hazard mitigation purpose. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0003-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002145760 | oai_dc | Review on coal petrographic indices and models and their applicability in paleoenvironmental interpretation | Review on coal petrographic indices and models and their applicability in paleoenvironmental interpretation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Souvik Sen(Geologix Limited, India)"
] | Organic facies analyses quantify the coal constituents and plot various associations to discriminate the paleoenvironment for coal bearing successions. This allows the relation of coal composition to mire ecosystems or environments. Coal petrographic models are used extensively to reconstruct the nature of ancient peat forming environments. Many authors proposed relations between specific maceral assemblages and/or micro-lithotypes and peat forming environments. The key controlling factors which affect peat environment include hydrogeology, redox, pH, vegetation type, clastic influx, sedimentation and peat accumulation rate etc. Recent advancements in coal maceral study and organic petrology reveal the pros and cons of the available indices and models. The main reasons for the failure of the petrographic models are – over-simplification of the effects of humification on tissue preservation vs. destruction, the use of post-diagenetic processes (e.g., geochemical gelification) in determining depositional environments, changes in petrographic composition related to floral evolution, geological age, rank increase and compaction, lack of distinction between different inertnite maceral in some models. Here the widely used petrographic indices and models are reviewed based on the observations of several workers and the applicability and concepts of paleo-environmental reconstruction are discussed. A multi-disciplinary approach including petrography, palynology, chemistry etc. has been recommended, which is more logical and scientific than the exclusive use of petrographic composition for paleoenvironmental interpretation. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0046-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938650 | oai_dc | Hydrothermal sulfur geochemistry on molybdenite deposition of the Questa Mo-deposit, New Mexico, USA | Hydrothermal sulfur geochemistry on molybdenite deposition of the Questa Mo-deposit, New Mexico, USA | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"서정훈(인하대학교)"
] | We conducted combined microthermometry and LAICP-MS microanalysis in the several brine inclusion assemblagesof the Questa porphyry Mo deposits, USA and the nearby cogeneticRito del Medio granitoid to study the hydrothermal geochemistryresponsible for a molybdenite deposition in the Climax-type Modeposit. We analyzed S concentrations in the fluid inclusions byusing a recent technique on S quantification in the singly-targetedfluid inclusions. We found plenty of S in the fluid inclusions adequateto precipitate molybdenite, and the molybdenite might beprecipitated in the tight temperature range of 350‒450 °C in theQuesta. A fractional crystallization in the causative magma wouldenrich Mo in the evolving magmatic-hydrothermal fluids from theearly-stage hydrothermal breccias (MHBX) to the postdating stockworkveinlets (STW), while maintaining S to precipitate molybdenitein the Questa. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0040-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938665 | oai_dc | Shear behavior of waste rock materials in drained and undrained ring shear tests | Shear behavior of waste rock materials in drained and undrained ring shear tests | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정승원(한국지질자원연구원); 박성식(경북대학교); Hiroshi Fukuoka(Niigata University, Japan)"
] | The denudation processes in abandoned mines poseenvironmental and social problems. Insufficient remediation andcleanup modify the physicochemical properties near the mine sites.
In addition, large amounts of sediment and debris can flow downwarddue to heavy rainfall. Here, the shear characteristics of mine depositsare presented rather than their chemical contaminants, which includeheavy metals. Drained and undrained ring shear tests were performedon waste rock materials that were collected from pyrophyllitemine deposits in the mountainous region of Korea. These sampleswere classified as gravelly sandy soils (i.e., with an effective grain sizeof D10 = 0.3 mm and a uniformity coefficient of cu = 5). The followingthree tests were performed: (i) shear stress measurement with shearingtime for a given shear velocity (i.e., 0.1 mm/sec), (ii) shear stress asa function of shear velocity, and (iii) shear stress as a function of normalstress. The fully saturated samples were subjected to different normalstresses (i.e., 25 and 100 kPa) and shear velocities (i.e., 0.01, 0.1,1, and 100 mm/sec). The waste materials exhibited a strain-softeningbehavior regardless of the drainage and shear velocity condition.
In addition, the shear stress was strongly influenced by the shearvelocity and increased with increasing shear velocity and normalstress in the post-failure stage. Using grain size distribution analyses,we show that significant grain crushing occurs in the shear zone duringshearing. Under relatively high shear velocity conditions (i.e., >100mm/sec), the grain crushing effect is more significant and resultsin rapid mass movements. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0030-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938685 | oai_dc | Occurrence assessment of earth fissure based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence area, China | Occurrence assessment of earth fissure based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence area, China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wenjing Zhang(Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster); Li Gao(Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster); Xun Jiao(Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey); Jun Yu(Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster); Xiaosi Su(Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster); Shangh... | Earth fissures in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence areahave induced massive damages to the area. The non-linear characteristicassociated with the process of earth fissure formation requiresnon-linear method for evaluating the occurrence of the hazard.
Based on quantification of influence factors on breeding the hazard,GA-ANN method, which integrates artificial neural networks(ANN) with genetic algorithms (GA), is developed for evaluating theoccurrence of earth fissure hazard. Six indicators, that include thedepth of bedrock burial (DBB), the degree of bedrock relief (DBR),water level (WL) (the II confined aquifer), the gradient of landsubsidence (GLS), transmissivity (T) (the II confined aquifer) andthe thickness of clay soil (TCS), are selected as the input patternsof the integrated approach, and danger index (DI) as the outputpattern. A multilayer back-propagation neural network is trainedwith 30 sets of data samples including 15 sets of earth fissure samplesand 15 sets of safety samples for defining the architecture ofANN. Subsequently, GA is employed by optimizing the initial weightsof trained ANN by minimizing the deviation of output. The efficacy ofthe integrated approach is demonstrated by comparing the deviationof output from ANN and GA-ANN for 5 testing samples andthe result shows that the GA-ANN method is more accurate thanANN in identifying the occurrence of earth fissure. The integratedmethod is applied to the assessment of earth fissure hazard in typicalregions of earth fissure. According to the classification of DI, theregions are divided into four zones ‒ danger zone, sub-danger zone,sub-safe zone and safe zone. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0020-z | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938645 | oai_dc | Simple equations for temperature simulations on mid-latitude volcanic islands: a case study from Jeju (Republic of Korea) | Simple equations for temperature simulations on mid-latitude volcanic islands: a case study from Jeju (Republic of Korea) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Benjamin Hagedorn(California State University Long Beach); Alan Mair(University of Hawaii at Manoa); Suzanne Tillery(University of Hawaii at Manoa); Aly I. El-Kadi(University of Hawaii at Manoa); 하규철(한국지질자원연구원); 고기원(제주특별자치도 수자원본부)"
] | Volcanic islands can be characterized by remarkablesurface air temperature variability. The distribution of weather stationsin these settings, however, is typically too sparse to reliably describetemperature patterns which can complicate regional-scale hydrologicanalyses. Here, a simple method is presented to estimate near surfaceair temperatures for such a setting (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea).
The method utilizes temperature lapse rates (TLR; the change intemperature with elevation) which are computed for Tmin, Tave, andTmax for two distinct hemispheres: the more arid northern flanksand the more humid southern flanks of the central orographicdivide. Computed TLRs vary greatly with season and location relativeto the orographic divide and, unlike in continental mountainoussettings, are generally highest for Tmin in winter. Cross-validationresults indicate a good match between modeled and measuredvalues particularly for high altitude stations that are characterizedby highest precipitation rates. Because temporally changing TLRsperform better than the often applied theoretical constant environmentallapse rate of 6.5 °C/km, monthly mean TLRs compiled fromtemperature data from Jeju Island are presented here as proxiesfor surface air temperature simulation efforts in similar settingsfor which only limited climatic data are available. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0022-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938660 | oai_dc | Empirical models of the ocean-sediment and marine sediment-bedrock density contrasts | Empirical models of the ocean-sediment and marine sediment-bedrock density contrasts | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Xiang Gu(Wuhan University); Robert Tenzer(Wuhan University); Vladislav Gladkikh(International IT University)"
] | We utilize empirical density models of the seawater,marine sediments and bedrock to evaluate the ocean-sediment and(marine) sediment-bedrock density contrasts. The depth-dependentseawater density model and a density model of the upper sedimentarylayer are used in computing the ocean-sediment densitycontrast. A definition of the sediment-bedrock density contrast withrespect to the average bedrock density is based on applying themarine sediment density model. Density samples from the Deep SeaDrilling Project are used to establish the density model of marinesediments and to estimate the average bedrock density. The marinesediment density model describes the density distribution within theupper sedimentary layer as a function of the ocean-floor depth, whilethe increasing sediment density due to compaction is defined as afunction of the sediment depth. The depth-dependent seawaterdensity model was derived based on the analysis of oceanographicdata from the World Ocean Atlas 2009 and the World Ocean CirculationExperiment 2004. The predicted values of both densitycontrasts are compiled on a 5 × 5 arc-min geographical grid for theworld’s oceans and marginal seas. The ocean-sediment densitycontrast varies between 0.05 and 0.63 g/cm3. The maximum densitycontrast is predicted beneath marginal seas due to the accumulationof heavier sediments near coast. Transportation of fine and lightparticles at long distances results in decreasing density contrastbetween the seawater and the underlying deep-ocean sediments.
The sediment-bedrock density contrast varies between 0.00 and1.70 g/cm3. The most enhanced density contrast between the marinesediments and the underlying bedrock is predicted beneath thinsedimentary layers, while the density at the lowermost stratigraphicunits of thick sedimentary accumulations is similar to the bedrockdensity due to sediment compaction (and further lithification). | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0015-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml |
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