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ART001938636 | oai_dc | Fluid flow through rough-walled rock fractures with hydrophobic surfaces | Fluid flow through rough-walled rock fractures with hydrophobic surfaces | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이항복(한국지질자원연구원); 여인욱(전남대학교); 이강근(서울대학교)"
] | The effect of hydrophobic properties of surfaces onfluid flow was investigated through water flow experiments usingrough-walled rock fractures. At low Reynolds number (Re < 10), theslip caused by drag reduction at hydrophobic rough-walled surfacesproduced larger water flow than for fractures bounded by hydrophilicsurfaces. The occurrence of drag reduction was only limited to thelinear flow regime. An increased flow velocity due to slip made theflow nonlinearity stronger as the flow became nonlinear, which causedthe smaller flow rate through the fracture with hydrophobic surfacesthan that with hydrophilic surfaces. Results showed that the dragreduction of 7.92% at Re = 0.64 was changed to apparent dragenhancement of 8.92% at Re = 185 for the creosote-wetted rough-walledfracture. This changeover phenomenon was more pronounced withincreasing the roughness of the fracture surfaces. This study implieda dependence of the operation efficiency on surface wettability andflow regime for DNAPL recovery from fractured bedrock and oilrecovery or the sequestration of carbon dioxide in fractured petroleumreservoirs. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0028-4 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938675 | oai_dc | An improved SCGM(1,m) model for multi-point deformation analysis | An improved SCGM(1,m) model for multi-point deformation analysis | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Qi-jie Wang(Central South University); Chang-cheng Wang(Central South University); Rong-an Xie(CSIRO Land and Water); Xin-qing Zhang(Geology Surveying and Mapping Institute of Guangdong Province); Jian-jun Zhu(Central South University)"
] | Considering the deformation of discrete monitoringpoints within the same deformable body usually have similar physicalproperties and tend to undergoing identical dynamic process, jointmodelling of the deformation processes of these points in time domainare expected to generate better results. Yin et al. (1997) first extendedthe multi-variable grey model-system cloud grey model SCGM(1,m),with obviously superior modelling mechanism than single-variablegrey model, to multi-point deformation modelling. However, thismodel is still not widely recognized and its applications remain verylimited in the field of deformation analysis. The objective of this studyis to demonstrate the capability of the SCGM(1,m) model, to presenttwo revisions to further improve the performance of the model andto draw more attention to the community of deformation analysis.
We first introduce the principles of the SCGM(1,m) model in theanalysis and prediction of deformation surveys. Two practicaltechniques, namely residuals re-modelling and linear regressionadjustment, are then presented to improve the SCGM(1,m) model.
Combined with slope monitoring data, the modelling with the originaland the improved SCGM(1,m) models by residuals re-modellingand linear regression adjustment are illustrated. The mean relativeprediction errors decrease from 5.89% to 3.54% and 2.69%, whenthe two refining techniques are applied, respectively, indicating relativeimprovements of 39.9% and 54.3%. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0012-z | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938670 | oai_dc | Mesoscopic study of the formation of pseudomorphs with presence of chemical fluids | Mesoscopic study of the formation of pseudomorphs with presence of chemical fluids | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Li Chen(Xi’an Jiaotong University); Qinjun Kang(Los Alamos National Laboratory); Hailin Deng(CSIRO Land and Water); J. William Carey(Los Alamos National Laboratory); WenQuan Tao(Xi’an Jiaotong University)"
] | A numerical approach is developed to simulate theformation of pseudomorphs with presence of chemical fluids at themesoscopic scale. This approach consists of the lattice Boltzmannmethod (LBM) for transport of chemical species in the pore space,a chemical reaction model including basic kinetics of the coupleddissolution and precipitation reactions, and a mesoscopic modelfor nucleation and crystal growth. Our study confirms the mechanismof the solution chemistry-driven interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation for the formation of pseudomorphs and identifiesseveral sources for the generation of porosity in the pseudomorphs.
We demonstrate that epitaxial precipitation is not necessary andrandom crystal growth may be more favorable for pseudomorphs.
We show that the difference of precipitation barrier on the surfaceof the primary and secondary minerals should not be too large.
Otherwise only the rim of the primary phase is roughly preserved. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0009-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938694 | oai_dc | A numerical study of isotopic evolution of a seasonal snowpack and its meltwater by melting rates | A numerical study of isotopic evolution of a seasonal snowpack and its meltwater by melting rates | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이정훈(이화여자대학교)"
] | Understanding an isotopic evolution of a snowpackand its meltwater is crucial for both past and current climate andhydrological studies because the snowmelt is a substantial componentof groundwater and surface runoff in temperate regions. Tobetter understand the isotopic evolution of a snowpack, this studyinvestigated the stable isotopic compositions of a snowpack and itsmelt using a physically-based one-dimensional model with differentmelting rates, which are dependent upon air temperature, amountof short-wave radiation that snow absorbed and aspect differences(north facing vs. south facing). The low melting rate produces amore curved and relatively larger isotopic differences between theearlier and later meltwater. On the other hand, the high meltingrate yields a less curved isotopic trend and a smaller isotopic range.
Low melting rate tends to make the snowpack isotopically heavierin both homogeneous and heterogeneous snowpack. Changes inmelting rate at the surface were accompanied by the changes ofboth percolation velocity of liquid water and contact time betweenliquid water and snow (or ice). Therefore, the differences betweenisotopic values of the snowpack and meltwater decreases as themelting rate increases. Dependence of isotopic evolution of a snowpackand its meltwater on melting rate potentially important forstudying snowmelt hydrology and ice cores for paleoclimate. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0019-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938692 | oai_dc | Late Quaternary climate changes around the Elephant Islands, Antarctic Peninsula | Late Quaternary climate changes around the Elephant Islands, Antarctic Peninsula | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박영석(전북대학교); 유규철(한국극지연구소); 윤호일(한국극지연구소)"
] | Sixty-seven species of diatoms of 28 genera wereidentified in Core GC03-C2 acquired from the north slope of ElephantIsland, Antarctic Peninsula. The number of diatom valvesper gram of dry sediment ranged from 0.2~17.3 × 107g−1, and thesewere dominated by Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (65.8%). Diatomassemblage analysis reconstructed the Quaternary paleoclimaticchange the Elephant Islands. Four diatom assemblage zones wereidentified according to the frequency of critical taxa as follows:zone I, from 830 to 710 cm (Antarctic Cold Reversal); zone II, from700 to 550 cm (Deglaciation zone); zone III, from 540 to 260 cm(warm period; Holocene); and zone IV, from 250 to 0 cm (cool period;Holocene). The high abundance of reworked species includes Actinocyclusingens, Denticulopsis hustedtii, D. praedimorpha, and D.
dimorpha appeared in Zone I by turbidity currents and ice raftingin the area during the glaciations-deglaciation event. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0011-0 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938648 | oai_dc | Depositional systems of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation in Yeongwol, Korea: implications for the carbonate ramp facies development | Depositional systems of the Lower Ordovician Mungok Formation in Yeongwol, Korea: implications for the carbonate ramp facies development | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김영환(충북대학교); 이철우(충북대학교); 우주순(한국극지연구소); 박태윤(한국극지연구소)"
] | Detailed study on the Lower Ordovician MungokFormation in the mideastern part of the Korean peninsula has ledto recognition of seven lithofacies which can be grouped into sevenfacies associations (FAs): FA1 (lagoon), FA2 (shoal), FA3 (shoreface),FA4 (inner to mid-ramp), FA5 (inner to outer ramp), FA6 (mid- to outerramp), and FA7 (outer ramp). Spatio-temporal organization of theFAs represents homoclinal ramp environments with fringing ooidpeloidshoals. Correlation and lateral thickness variation of the FAssuggest that deep part of the basin might have been located towardthe northern part of the study area. The relative sea-level curve inferredfrom the facies analysis suggests that the Mungok Formation evolvedthrough three depositional stages in accordance with 3rd-order sealevelchange. The organization of the facies succession indicates thatthe inner ramp facies associations (FA1 to 3) of the Mungok Formationare characterized by non-cyclic facies succession whereas the midandouter ramp facies associations (FA 4 to 7) have distinct cyclicityexcept non-cyclic FA 7. The difference in the facies successions betweenthe inner ramp and the mid- to outer ramp area may result from thevarious depositional regime across a ramp. A non-cyclic facies successionsof inner ramp facies (e.g., packstone to grainstone and limemudstone) are suggestive of mosaic-type distribution that is controlledmostly by wave, storms, tides, currents, and local geomorphology.
In contrast, cyclic facies successions (e.g., pebbly limestone conglomerate,limestone-shale alternation, and calcareous shale) represent a simplebelt-type distribution of mid- to outer ramp facies that seemsto reflect shifts of facies belt caused by sea-level changes. The partitioningof inner and mid- to outer ramp facies is appropriate forunderstanding the facies development of the Mungok Formationand similar ramp successions with distinct inner and mid- to outerramp facies. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0033-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938652 | oai_dc | The evolution of permeability and gas composition during remote protective longwall mining and stress-relief gas drainage: a case study of the underground Haishiwan Coal Mine | The evolution of permeability and gas composition during remote protective longwall mining and stress-relief gas drainage: a case study of the underground Haishiwan Coal Mine | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wei Li(China University); Yuan-ping Cheng(China University); Pin-kun Guo(China University); Feng-hua An(China University); Ming-yi Chen(China University)"
] | The mining of protective coal seams can cause changesin geostress, leading to changes in the permeability of coal rock and creatingfavorable conditions for gas extraction from coal seams. Atthe Haishiwan Coal Mine, field tests using remote protective coalseam mining were performed in the protected layer, which is richin CO2 gas. In remote protective longwall mining, the permeabilityand composition of extracted stress-relief gas can vary. Under theconditions of remote protective longwall mining, the permeabilityof a protected coal seam can be generally described by the Liumodel. During protective layer mining, the permeability of theprotective layer increases rapidly with the release of stress, thendecreases gradually with the recovery of the geostress. However,matrix shrinkage and decreased pore pressure caused by CO2 desorptionfrom coal seams also cannot be ignored when considering thefactors that affect the permeability. Thus, it is necessary to appropriatelyconfigure the cross-measure boreholes in advance to drainthe stress-relief gas during remote protective layer mining. StressreliefCO2 gas extraction presents multiple consecutive peaks. TheNo. 2 coal seam has different trap pressure systems as CO2 migratesinto the coal seam. The protected seam experiences different effectivestresses during protective layer mining, and the permeabilitiesappear to periodically increase due to differences in the originalpermeability. The various permeability and diffusion coefficientsfor CO2 and CH4 in coal induce CO2 and CH4 fractionation in theroof and floor of the No. 2 coal seam. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0013-y | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001938662 | oai_dc | The use of particle density in sedimentary provenance studies: the superficial sediment of Po Plain (Italy) case study | The use of particle density in sedimentary provenance studies: the superficial sediment of Po Plain (Italy) case study | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Dario Di Giuseppe(University of Ferrara); Umberto Tessari(University of Ferrara); Barbara Faccini(University of Ferrara); Massimo Coltorti(University of Ferrara)"
] | In recent years, several approaches for the identificationof the provenance of the sediments have been developed. Inparticular, geochemical, petrographic and mineralogical analyseswere applied to the sediments of the Po Plain in order to discriminatethe alluvial sediments of the Po River from those comingfrom Apennine rivers. In this work, we propose an innovativetechnique based on the measurement of density for the study ofthe Po Plain alluvial sediments. This study is based on the determinationof major and trace elements, particle density and mineralogicalcomposition of 53 superficial sediments. All the data wereprocessed using multivariate statistics. The comparison betweendensity, geochemistry, and granulometry of the Po River and RenoRiver (the most important Apennine river) samples shows how thedensities strictly depend on the chemical-mineralogical compositionand grain size of the sediments and, consequently, on the type ofhydrographic basin of their respective river. On this basis it can bediscriminated the provenance of two different types of alluvial sedimentswith sufficient precision, determining the density of theunconsolidated alluvial material. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0014-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981392 | oai_dc | A combined hydrochemical-statistical analysis of Saq aquifer, northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | A combined hydrochemical-statistical analysis of Saq aquifer, northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yousef Nazzal(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Izrar Ahmed(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Nassir S.N. Al-Arifi(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Habes Ghrefat(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Awni Batayneh(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia); Bassam A. Abuamarah(King Saud University, Saudi Arabia)... | The present study includes detailed hydrochemicalassessment of groundwater resources of Saq aquifer. The Saq aquifercovers a large area (about 375,000 km²) and lies in the arid regionwith low annual rainfall and extremely high evaporation. In the studyarea, groundwater serves as the major source for agricultural activityand for domestic usages. A total of 295 groundwater samples collectedand were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters such ashydrogen ion concentration (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS) andelectrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium(Mg2+), and calcium (Ca2+) ,bicarbonate (HCO3) chloride(Cl−), sulfate (SO42−) and nitrate (NO3). The goal and challenge forthe statistical overview was to delineate chemical distributions ina complex, heterogeneous set of data spanning over a large geographicrange. After de-clustering to create a uniform spatial sample distributionwith 295 samples, histograms and quantile-quantile (Q-Q)plots were employed to delineate subpopulations that have coherentchemical affinities. The elements showing significantly higher positivecorrelation are: TDS with EC; Ca with EC, TDS; Mg and EC,TDS, Ca, K; Cl and EC, TDS, Mg, Na, Ca; SO4 and EC, TDS, Ca,Cl, Na, Mg. The distribution of major ions in the groundwater isNa+ > Ca++ > Mg++ > K+ and Cl− > SO4−2 > HCO3− > NO3−. Ionicabundance plot of alkalis with Ca and Mg is suggestive of mix typetrends of concentrations as evident by moderate correlation (r =0.57). About 60% of the total samples have alkalis abundance andrests have more Ca + Mg concentrations than alkalis. Taking bothresults of cluster tree and geochemical features of variables intoconsideration, the authors classify the elements into two major groups,the first includes TDS, Na, EC, Cl, Ca, SO4, and Mg, where therelationship within the group are strong. The second group includesK, HCO3, pH, and NO3. This group has close relationship with group1 demonstrate that, the increase in the concentration to some elementscould be the same. Some of the analyzed parameters approach anormal distribution, as both their skewnesses and kurtoses reachclose to “0”. The study revealed that, all of the element pairs exhibitpositive relations. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0016-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981395 | oai_dc | Dependence of saltation characteristics on bed organisation in numerical simulation | Dependence of saltation characteristics on bed organisation in numerical simulation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Irina S. Kharlamova(Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republi); Pavel Vlasak(Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republi)"
] | The present paper addresses the issue of saltationmotion (one type of bed-load motion) that further may be used forprediction of sediment transport (formation of river beds, coastlines,pipe granular bed, etc.). The numerical approach used there is basedon two components: the Lagrangian description of the suspendedparticles and a simulation of the interactions of suspended and bedparticles. The novelty of the paper is a bed model. It is supposed thattheoretical bed layer consists of identical spherical particles distributedin space in a special way. The offered bed model is used for thesimulation of saltation motion in a turbulent stream. The influenceof bed structure (diameter of bed particles and bed porosity) on saltationparameters (average length and height of one jump) is studiedhere. A comparison of saltation parameters with correspondingexperimental parameters from literature was made. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0029-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981391 | oai_dc | Numerical analysis on micro-damage in bisphere model of granitic rock | Numerical analysis on micro-damage in bisphere model of granitic rock | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이상은(강원대학교); 정교철(안동대학교)"
] | Microcracking in contact with constituent mineralsplays an important role in the nonlinear deformation process andmicro-damage, leading to shear fracture of brittle materials suchas granite. For damage propagation, the surface energy stored inthe grain as a result of applied stresses thus tends to be relieved onthe plane firstly, and pre-existing intracrystalline microcracks perpendicularto axial stress direction are closed. On the other hand,those parallel or subparallel to the axial stress direction are open.
These stress-induced microcracks are predominantly tensile in nature,and the directions are parallel or subparallel to the axial stressdirection. Numerical analysis provides some basis for a micromechanicsof stress-induced micro-damage occurring at the majorconstituent mineral contact portions in feldspar. A homogenizationtheory was applied to analyze the damage development for thevicinity of pre-existing microcrack and stress-induced microcrack atgrain contact. Numerical analysis with the bisphere model fordamage development at micro-damage portions was discussed,assuming that feldspar grains surround quartz grain. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0055-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981365 | oai_dc | Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the ore-related granites in Huanggang deposit, Southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China and its tectonic significance | Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the ore-related granites in Huanggang deposit, Southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China and its tectonic significance | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wei Mei(China University of Geosciences, China); Xinbiao Lü(China University of Geosciences, China); Zhi Liu(China University of Geosciences, China); Rankun Tang(China University of Geosciences, China); Zhilong Ai(Hubei Geological Survey, China); Xiangdong Wang(China University of Geosciences, China); Mamady Cisse... | Huanggang skarn Fe-Sn deposit is located in themain ridge Sn-polymetallic metallogenic sub-belt of the SouthernGreat Xing’an Range. A combination of zircon U-Pb age, geochemistryand Hf isotopic composition are reported for the orerelatedgranite (K-feldspar granite) of the Huanggang deposit toconstrain its petrogenesis and tectonic setting. LA-ICP-MS U-PbZircon dating results indicate that the K-feldspar granite wasintruded at 145.3 ± 1.6Ma. The K-feldspar granites belong to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonite series, mainly peraluminous. Theserocks have a negative slope from La to Lu with strongly negativeEu anomalies, they demonstrate negative Ba, Sr P, Ti and Nbspikes and positive Th, U, Nd spikes on the normalized incompatibleelement diagrams. The regional geological setting togetherwith the geochemistry of the K-feldspar granite indicates that it isformed in a post-orogenic setting. The zircon Hf isotopic compositions(εHf(t): +5.2 to +6.6, 176Hf/177Hf: 0.282837‒0.282876) indicateboth juvenile crust sources that originated from depleted mantleand some ancient continental crust sources contributed to its origin,and there is a significant addition of juvenile crust under theSouthern Great Xing’an Range during the time from Paleo-Neoproterozoicto Phanerozoic. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0021-y | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981366 | oai_dc | Characteristics and formation mode of salt-bearing series in typical rift valley basin, eastern China | Characteristics and formation mode of salt-bearing series in typical rift valley basin, eastern China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yanjun Zhao(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,); Chenglin Liu(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,); Hua Zhang(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,); Licheng Wang(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,); Baokun Liu(China University of Geosciences, China); Fenglin Lv(China University of Geosciences, Chi... | The Shulu Sag is a typical rift valley basin in easternChina, where the formation mechanism of Cenozoic salt-bearingseries has been poorly understood. In this paper, petrologic analysis,X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD) analysis and the analysis ofhalite ion concentrations of the first member of the Shahejie Formationfrom two drilling cores were conducted to interpret theformation mechanism of these salt-bearing series in Shulu Sag. Theresults indicated that the salt-bearing series is mainly composed of calcilutiteor mudstone at top and bottom, and anhydrite-bearing haliteand thin interbeds of salt-bearing calcilutite and dark grey shale inthe middle part. These thin interbeds with porphyritic or petalshapedglauberite crystals or some thinner dark grey shale interbedsseparated halites into several members with the average thicknessof only 9~12 cm in the two drilling holes. This typical rhythmicpattern due to frequent alternation of concentration was evidencedby the variation of chemical composition and hydrogen isotopes ofhalite fluid inclusions. The presence of large number of primaryfluid inclusions within chevron crystals and vertically orientedbottom-growth crystals showed that the halite were precipitated inshallow water (<60 cm). These features are direct evidence for thisfrequent alternation of dissolution and concentration of brines andterrigenous detrital-chemical shallow-water sedimentary model ofthese small rift-valley basins in eastern China. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0024-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981390 | oai_dc | Landslide susceptibility mapping at Al-Hasher Area, Jizan (Saudi Arabia) using GIS-based frequency ratio and index of entropy models | Landslide susceptibility mapping at Al-Hasher Area, Jizan (Saudi Arabia) using GIS-based frequency ratio and index of entropy models | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ahmed M. Youssef(Sohag University, Egypt); Mohamed Al-Kathery(Saudi Geological Survey, Saudi Arabia); Biswajeet Pradhan(University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)"
] | Mountain areas in the southern western corner ofthe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia frequently suffer from various typesof landslides due to rain storms and anthropogenic activities. Toresolve the problem related to landslides, landslide susceptibilitymap is important as a quick and safe mitigation measure and tohelp making strategic planning by identifying the most vulnerableareas. This paper summarizes findings of landslide susceptibilityanalysis at Al-Hasher area, Jizan, KSA, using two statistical models:frequency ratio and index of entropy models with the aid ofGIS tools and remote sensing data. The landslide locations (inventorymap) were identified in the study area using historical records,interpretation of high-resolution satellite images that include Geo-Eye in 2.5 m and Quickbird in 0.6m resolution, topographic mapsof 1:10,000 scale, and multiple field investigations. A total of 207landslides (80% out of 257 detected landslides) were randomlyselected for model training, and the remaining 50 landslides (19%)were used for the model validation. Ten landslide conditioning factorsincluding slope angle, slope-aspect, altitude, curvature, lithology,distance to lineaments, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),distance to roads, precipitation, and distance to streams, were extractedfrom spatial database. Using these conditioning factors and landslidelocations, landslide susceptibility and weights of each factorwere analyzed by using frequency ratio and index of entropy models.
Our findings showed that the existing landslides of high and very highsusceptibility classes cover nearly 80.4% and 79.1% of the susceptibilitymaps produced by frequency ratio and index of entropy modelsrespectively. For verification, receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves were drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculatedfor success and prediction rates. For success rate the resultsrevealed that for the index of entropy model (AUC = 77.9%) is slightlylower than frequency ratio model (AUC = 78.8%). For the predictionrate, it was found that the index of entropy model (AUC = 74.9%)is slightly lower than the frequency ratio model (AUC = 76.7%).
The landslide susceptibility maps produced from this study couldhelp decision makers, planners, engineers, and urban areas developersto make suitable decisions. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0032-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981368 | oai_dc | Aftershock sequences of three seismic crises at southern California, USA, simulated by a cellular automata model based on self-organized criticality | Aftershock sequences of three seismic crises at southern California, USA, simulated by a cellular automata model based on self-organized criticality | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Marisol Monterrubio(Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Sp); Xavier Lana(Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Sp); Maria Dolors Martínez(Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Sp)"
] | Several properties of aftershock series related to themain shocks of Landers, Northridge and Hector Mine (southern California, USA) are reproduced by theDynamic Fiber Bundle Model, DFBM. Optimum values for the three parameters governing DFBM aredetermined by searching for the best agreement of real aftershock series properties and those ofsynthetic sequences gen- erated by this model. The analysis of the model parameter values providesdetails on the underlying physical mechanism of the after- shock sequence generation. First, theratio of seismic energy radiated as seismic waves and transferred as stress-strain to adjacentfaults; second, the degree of stress heterogeneity reproducing the complex behavior of realaftershock series. Additionally, the results of simula- tions support the coexistence of two typesof relaxation processes. One of them is associated with the well-known modified Omori’s (MO) law,which involves elapsed times between consecutive after- shocks monotonically increasing; the otheris manifested by episodes of sudden stress release, with inter-event times much shorter than thosepredicted by MO law. These episodes are assumed to be a consequence of the complex distribution oftectonic stresses and fault geometry. The first process is associated to events designed as leadingaftershocks, LA. The second process generates series of events which are designed as cascades, CA.
It is worth of mention that several properties con- cerning CAs can be reasonably related tocritical changes on stressfield along the simulation process. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0018-6 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981357 | oai_dc | Recognition of the Phanerozoic “Young Granite Gneiss” in the central Yeongnam Massif | Recognition of the Phanerozoic “Young Granite Gneiss” in the central Yeongnam Massif | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"송용선(부경대학교); 이호선(부경대학교); 박계헌(부경대학교); Ian C.W. Fitzsimons(Curtin University of Technology, Australia); Peter A. Cawood(Curtin University of Technology, Australia)"
] | Up to now, all the high-grade gneisses of the Koreanpeninsula have been regarded as Precambrian basement rocksand presence of the Phanerozoic high-grade metamorphic rockshave remained unknown. However, such granite gneiss is discoveredthrough this study from the central Yeongnam massif nearGimcheon. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age determinations on the granitegneiss, having well-developed gneissic foliations and migmatitictextures, reveal concordant age of ca. 250 Ma indicating the EarlyTriassic emplacement of this pluton, which is in contradict to theprevious belief that it is a Precambrian product. Even though thegranite gneiss reveals well-developed gneissic foliations and somezircons show rather low Th/U ratios, the metamorphic age hasnot been determined successfully. However, the age of metamorphismcan be constrained as middle Triassic considering theabsence of any evidences of metamorphism from the nearbygranitic plutons having emplacement ages of ca. 225 Ma. EarlyTriassic emplacement and subsequent Middle Triassic metamorphismof the granite gneiss from the Yeongnam massif bear aremarkable resemblance to the case of South China block. Wesuggest the possibility that Early to Middle Triassic metamorphismof the Korean peninsula might be products of the intracontinentalcollisional events not directly related with the EarlyTriassic continental collision event. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0025-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981358 | oai_dc | Neuropterid fossil plants from the basal part of the Middle Carboniferous Manhang Formation in the Taebaek area, Korea and their significance | Neuropterid fossil plants from the basal part of the Middle Carboniferous Manhang Formation in the Taebaek area, Korea and their significance | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박수인(강원대학교); Yuewu Sun(Jilin University, China)"
] | Some well-preserved neuropterid fossil plants wereabundantly found in dark gray shale beds of lowermost basalpart of the Middle Carboniferous Manhang Formation, whichoccur in the road cuts of Route 35 near the Hyeobsim Bridge inthe Jangseong area, Taebaek City, Gangwon Province, Korea. Thefossil plants include three species of Paripteris Gothan: P. gigantea(Sternberg), P. kaipingiana (Sze), and P. otozamioides (Sze and Lee).
The latter two species were newly discovered and firstly describedfrom the Korean Peninsula. The present fossil plants are the oldestland vascular plant fossils in the Republic of Korea. Based on theworld-wide geologic range of these fossil plants, the basal part ofthe Manhang Formation in the Taebaek area corresponds to theupper Namurian stage of the Middle Carboniferous Period in age.
This age assignment means that the deposition of the ManhangFormation started when the Middle Carboniferous sea transgressedon the Sino-Korean Craton. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0037-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981393 | oai_dc | Re-tooling of regression kriging in R for improved digital mapping of soil properties | Re-tooling of regression kriging in R for improved digital mapping of soil properties | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Christian T. Omuto(University of Nairobi, Kenya); Ronald R. Vargas(Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Italy)"
] | Regression analysis and kriging are popular spatialestimation methods often used in soil science to provide soil informationat different spatial resolutions and extent. Attempts havebeen made to combine them into a method known as regressionkriging (RK). With the increasing acceptance of digital soil mappingparadigm, utilization of spatial estimation method such as RK isbound to rise. Although RK is versatile and popular, its currentformat has deficiencies which can hinder the quality of estimatedsoil properties. One of the deficiencies of RK is the failure of itsregression model to recognize that natural soil occurs in groupswith unique response characteristics to soil forming factors. Ideally,these groups should be represented as a family of curves whenmodelling the landscape. However, the current applications tend touse average models which either block/control the grouping effectsor do not statistically recognize them. In this paper, mixed-effectsmodelling technique is shown for ingenious recognition of soil groupingsand consequent improvement of RK accuracy. Mixed-effectsmodelling allows for simultaneous regression estimation for individualmodels in a group and for different groups in the landscape.
Its implementation in RK has been illustrated using executablescripts in R. It gives better mapping accuracy and reliable maps thanthe current application in RK. The new RK and its easy implementationin R software are anticipated to provide potential for wideapplication and eventual contribution to improved soil mappingand application of DSM. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0023-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981361 | oai_dc | Petrogenesis of dunites from Gibbs Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica | Petrogenesis of dunites from Gibbs Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jong Jin Lee(Chungnam National University, R.O. Korea); 최성희(충남대학교); Jong Ik Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); 최문영(한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소)"
] | We determined mineral and Sr-Pb isotopic compositionsin a dunite complex from Gibbs Island, South ShetlandIslands, Antarctica, to understand its petrogenesis. Gibbs dunitesconsist mainly of refractory olivines (Fo93.4–95.2) with minor chromitespinels (Cr# = 84.2–89.2). The high Fo (93.4–95.2), low CaO(<0.02 wt%) and high NiO (0.4–0.6 wt%) contents of its magnesianolivine indicate that it originated in residual mantle rather thancumulates. The highly refractory olivine and spinel compositionsresemble those found in fore-arc dunites. Estimated olivine-spinelMg-Fe2+ equilibrium temperatures for the Gibbs dunites rangefrom 580 °C to 780 °C, which is lower by ca. 100 °C than abyssal peridotites,in general, but within the range of fore-arc peridotites anddunites. On the Pb-Pb and Sr-Pb isotopic covariation diagrams,Gibbs dunites plot off the field defined by mid-ocean ridge basaltsand extend into the fields for modern seawater or pelagic sediments.
These data, together with elevated Th/La ratio, suggest that theGibbs dunites are likely to be a suprasubduction zone mantle origin. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0026-6 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981394 | oai_dc | Isotopic composition of throughfall nitrates in suburban forests with different vegetations | Isotopic composition of throughfall nitrates in suburban forests with different vegetations | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"연지형(충남대학교); Mukesh Kumar Gautam(Korea Basic Science Institute, R.O. Kore); 김인수(한국기초과학지원연구원); 이선혜(충남대학교); 이동호(한국과학기술연구원); 안현주(한국기초과학연구원); 이광식(한국기초과학지원연구원)"
] | Isotopic studies on throughfall (precipitation shedfrom foliages) nitrates are rare despite their importance as amajor nitrogen source in forest ecosystems. This study was conductedto examine a seasonal and species-related variability in isotopiccomposition of throughfall nitrates and its implications onforest nitrate sources. Event based throughfall samples were collectedfor a year from three locations (Chestnut, Pinus, and Mixedforests) along with rainfall (uninterrupted precipitation to the ground)samples from an open canopy location, and analyzed for nitrogenand oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved nitrates. δ15NNO3 andδ18ONO3 values of rainfall nitrates were greater during the nongrowingseason (Nov.~Mar.) than the growing season (Apr.~Oct.)as expected from the atmospheric nitrate cycles and associated isotopiceffects. Although the isotopic composition of throughfallnitrates followed a similar seasonal pattern with that of rainfalls,their δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 values were consistently higher (Sep.~Dec.)or lower (Jan.~Apr.) than rainfalls and showed an abrupt decreasein July, possibly related to the incorporation of nitrates from soiland foliar origin. Isotopic composition of throughfall nitrates alsovaried systematically with vegetation types, indicating isotopic effectsassociated with nitrate uptake and release at the forest canopy.
The seasonal and species-related variability in the isotopic compositionof throughfall nitrates indicated combined effects of atmosphericNOx cycles, dry and wet depositions, and species-specificisotopic effects associated with nitrate use. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0031-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981360 | oai_dc | First report of Cystostroma (Stromatoporoidea; Ordovician) from Sino-Korean Craton | First report of Cystostroma (Stromatoporoidea; Ordovician) from Sino-Korean Craton | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jae-Ryong Oh(Korea University, R.O. Korea); 조석주(고려대학교); 이동진(안동대학교)"
] | A primitive stromatoporoid Cystostroma is reportedfrom the Middle Ordovician Duwibong Formation of TaebaeksanBasin for the first time in Korea, which occupies the eastern marginof Sino-Korean Craton. It occurs as oncoid-like structures withhemispheroidal thin laminae and stromatolite-like columns composedmainly of stacked domal to bulbous encrusting laminae alternatingwith bryozoans. The former mainly occur within grainstonefacies whereas the latter are surrounded by muddy facies. Thesecontrasting growth forms may have resulted from the differencesin energy-level and/or effect of intergrowth with other encrustingorganisms. Though internal texture of Cystostroma is poorly preserved,application of the “white card technique” reveals imbricatedsmall convex-upward cysts which are diagnostic of the genus. Previouslyreported occurrences of early Cystostroma are confined tothe upper Middle Ordovician Chazy Group of North Americawhich is more-or-less contemporaneous with the Duwibong Formationin age. The Sino-Korean Craton contains considerable recordsof early stromatoporoids and the present study adds another occurrenceof a primitive stromatoporoid Cystostroma which may havepossibly been related to the origination of stromatoporoids in theregion. This finding is expected to provide a better understandingfor the origin and dispersal of early stromatoporoids during theEarly Paleozoic. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0035-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981363 | oai_dc | LA-ICP-MS analysis of natural rock samples using XRF glass beads | LA-ICP-MS analysis of natural rock samples using XRF glass beads | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Youngwoo Kil(Chonnam National University, R.O. Korea); 정해명(서울대학교)"
] | Glass beads that remain after measuring major elementcompositions using XRF can also be used to measure trace elementcompositions using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma massspectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The JA-1 and JB-3 reference glass beadswere used to evaluate the homogeneity of trace elements containedwithin them as well as the data quality of LA-ICP-MS measurements.
JA-1 has a homogenous trace element composition with less than 10%relative standard deviation, and JB-3 has an average relative standarddeviation and average limit of detection of the trace elementsof 4% and 0.94%, respectively. The measured and reference valuesof JB-3 have the highest correlation (R2 = 0.996). Natural rocksamples with intermediate to acidic compositions, such as Hwasunandesite, Mudeungsan dacite tuff, and Dogok rhyolite from MudeungsanNational Park, South Korea, are also used to evaluate the LAICP-MS data quality. Trace elements in these natural rock samplesare plotted in a reasonable area of the geochemical discriminationdiagram with sufficient precision. Accordingly, glass beads made fromnatural rock samples can be used to measure their trace elementcompositions using fast in situ and low-cost LA-ICP-MS analysiswith similar data quality as achieved with normal solution ICP-MSanalysis. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0063-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001981385 | oai_dc | Seasonal variations of infrasound detections and their characteristics in the western US | Seasonal variations of infrasound detections and their characteristics in the western US | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Junghyun Park(Southern Methodist University, USA); Brian W. Stump(Southern Methodist University, USA)"
] | Automatic infrasound detection is analyzed withinfrasonic data from the western US for the time period of November2010 to October 2012. Data from nine University of Utah SeismographStations (UUSS) infrasonic arrays are supplemented bythree additional arrays in Nevada, operated by Southern MethodistUniversity (SMU). In this study, the detection procedure is basedon an adaptive F-detector (AFD) that accounts for both correlatedand uncorrelated noise by capturing the time-varying backgroundnoise conditions. The adaptation of the detector, characterized bytime varying linear remapping of the F-distribution (C-value), dependson the background noise level at the arrays including weather conditionswith seasonal variations and local site effects. The infrasounddetection catalog consists of 580,177 signals, depending on time andspace as well as data availability at individual stations. Based on theGround-to-Space (G2S) specifications, the number of detections isshown to be correlated with seasonal variations in the stratosphericwinds, illustrating the time varying nature of infrasound propagation.
These seasonal variations of infrasound detections include the numberof detections, correlation value, occurrences in time, phase velocity,and azimuth. The majority of events occur during working hours,Monday through Friday, suggesting a human cause. Based on theautomatic detection results, we reviewed the waveforms generatedfrom the known repeated sources such as Dugway Testing Ground(DTG) and Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) in Utah, and NewBomb (NB) in Nevada. In order to validate the automatic infrasounddetection catalog, we document the celerities of automatic infrasoundarrivals during the summer and winter using the seismic origin timesof NB explosions. Infrasound propagation is dependent on the seasonalvariation of wind conditions as well as source location andarray distribution. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0034-6 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131422 | oai_dc | Heavy mineral analysis to identify sediment provenance in the Dan River drainage, China | Heavy mineral analysis to identify sediment provenance in the Dan River drainage, China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Qingpeng Meng(Peking University); Wen Zhang(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences); Jing Zhang(Beijing Normal University); Zhaoyu Zhang(Peking University); Tairan Wu(Peking University)"
] | Identifying the provenance of sediments carried by modern rivers can provide information on earth surface processes and help us to interpret geological history more clearly. The types and distribution patterns of surface sediments deposited in river systems are determined mainly by the fluvial flux and weathering of the proximal source rocks. In this paper, analysis of the heavy mineral content of 99 surface sediment samples was used to identify the source of the sediments carried by the Dan River in China.
The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the characteristics and distribution of the sediments, and (2) identify and classify the various depositional areas according to their differing source areas. The Dan River is divided into the lower, middle, and upper reaches to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy minerals.
The main minerals detected were amphiboles, pyroxene, epidote, garnet, tourmaline, zircon, apatite, rutile, sphene, anatase, pyrite, and ilmenite. Generally, ilmenite (0.7% to 69.1%), amphibole (0% to 93.6%), epidote (0% to 53.3%), garnet (0% to 36.7%) and pyroxene (0% to 42.0%) were the most frequent detrital heavy minerals in the studied river sections. The Dan River and its tributaries are characterized with respect to their heavy mineral assemblages and heavy mineral indexes. Six depositional areas are distinguished and classified as Depositional area A (the Laoguan, Qi, and Xian rivers), Depositional area B (the Qingyou and Wuguan rivers), Depositional area C (the Laojun River), Depositional area D (the upper reaches of the Dan River), Depositional area E (the Yinhua River), and Depositional area F (the Tao River). The provenance study indicated that the sediments were derived mainly from the proximal exposed rocks. Sediments in the middle reaches of the Dan River were derived from Depositional areas B, C, and E, whereas sediments in the lower reaches were derived mainly from the local rocks along the river. Similar heavy mineral assemblages were obtained from Danjiangkou Reservoir and Depositional area A, especially for the Laoguan River, indicating the significant influence of Depositional area A on the reservoir. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0071-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131498 | oai_dc | Shallow groundwater system monitoring on controlled CO2 release sites: a review on field experimental methods and efforts for CO2 leakage detection | Shallow groundwater system monitoring on controlled CO2 release sites: a review on field experimental methods and efforts for CO2 leakage detection | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Kang-Kun Lee(Seoul National University); Seung Hyun Lee(Seoul National University); Seong-Taek Yun(Korea University); Sung-Wook Jeen(Chonbuk National University)"
] | Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) is a promising alternative for reduction of greenhouse gas emission.
However, injected CO2 in deep formation has potential to leak into a shallow aquifer. Thus, although it is challenging, development of detection technologies in a shallow aquifer region is essential to assure the long term safety of a CCS project. Recently, field scale experiments were carried out around the world to identify CO2 leakage and to investigate effects on groundwater quality in shallow aquifers.
From the literature, 8 controlled CO2 release test sites and 9 experimental cases were identified. In those sites, CO2 was artificially injected around the shallow aquifer region as CO2-infused groundwater phase or gas phase for identifying environmental effects caused by CO2 injection. This paper reviews the hydraulic heterogeneity, mineral compositions, monitoring systems, and environmental parameters required for leakage detection at each site. For constructing a controlled test bed, inclined wells, horizontal wells, and multiple injection wells were identified as reliable injection components. It was also identified that the injected CO2 migration and its effects were monitored through the constructed monitoring networks.
The previous operation cases show that continuous monitoring of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Ca and Mg concentrations is the most basic and important factor for leakage detection. Trace elements and isotopes were also widely used to determine the CO2 leakage.
The Korea CO2 Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) research center is going to construct an environmental impact test (EIT) facility for developing CO2 leakage detection methods in a shallow aquifer region in Korea. The challenging issues will include the fate and transport of CO2 from the fractured zone to the saturated zone and to the unsaturated soil. Based on the lessons learned from the previous tests, environmental monitoring technologies will be developed through the analysis of the time series data of hydrogeochemical parameters for the planned EIT facility in Korea. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0060-z | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131446 | oai_dc | Parallel numerical analysis of the failure characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides | Parallel numerical analysis of the failure characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Zhenzhen Yan(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Xiaoping Du(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Xiangtao Fan(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | Earthquake-induced landslides are serious natural hazards that shocked us with tremendous casualties and great economic losses in many mountainous areas around the world. However, predicting and preventing the earthquake-induced landslides is very difficult due to the complicated relationship between seismic dynamics and coseismic landsliding. Comprehensive understanding of earthquake-induced landslides from the perspective of seismic dynamic mechanism remains inadequate at present. This study employs an elastoplastic spectral element method incorporating parallel computing and represents a realistic three-dimensional slope model via a semi-structured hexahedral mesh to investigate the dynamic failure characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides.
Dynamic behaviours of slopes are simulated using a continuumbased approach with a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. Displacement fields are calculated using the shear strength reduction technique.
Pseudo-static seismic loading is performed to assess the slope stability quantitatively and complex topography is taken into consideration.
The Xinzhong landslide that occurred in Beichuan Country is one of destructively collapsing landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and is therefore selected as a case study for discussion.
Three-dimensional visualization of the calculated results quantitatively demonstrated that the three-dimensional numerical model well reproduced the coseismic landsliding response and its essential dynamic failure pattern, which could not be purely captured by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies and calculated using simply two-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results also showed that tensile and shear fractures had significant influences on the nature of the failed surface development. In addition, the presence of seismic loading in the slope could cause obvious disturbances for the slope stability. Comparative analysis indicated that the shear surface of the earthquake-induced slope was shorter and the tension crack surface was deeper than that of the normal gravity condition. Moreover, the landslide mainly occurred in the transition from the upper to lower part of the slope, indicating that the slope topography was one of the crucial factors resulting in slope failure. Although the model was constructed without the presence of a pre-existing failure surface, comparative analysis addressed that the failure surface obtained by the numerical simulation was in close agreement with that by the post-failure investigations.
The results could provide insight into better understanding of the relationship between landslide and seismic dynamic mechanism.
The study has practical significance for the effective prevention and mitigation of earthquake-induced landslide hazards. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0056-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131443 | oai_dc | Semi-analytical solution for time-dependent deformations in swelling rocks around circular tunnels | Semi-analytical solution for time-dependent deformations in swelling rocks around circular tunnels | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Davoud Parsapour(Amirkabir University of Technology); Ahmad Fahimifar(Amirkabir University of Technology)"
] | Underground structures in swelling rocks bear timedependent swelling effects. Upon excavation of underground spaces, the state of stresses and displacements change compared with the initial state. The stress and displacement variations depend on tunnel advance and the rheological behavior of surrounding rock mass.
The swelling behaviour of rocks is known as a complicated phenomenon and very important task in tunnel design process. The paper aim is to predict the time-dependent displacement of the tunnel after the excavation has stopped or after installing the support system.
The assumption is made that the medium around tunnel is both isotropic and homogenous. The section of tunnel is also assumed circular which in view of stress field, is excavated in Hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions. A semi-analytical model on the basis of experimental results is adopted to evaluate the ground swelling strains as a function of time and stress. Given the current assumptions and conditions, a semi-analytical solution is derived to predict the time-dependent displacements and lining pressure for a circular shaped tunnel section in a swelling ground. Eventually, the model is loaded by an axisymmetric far-field pressure and the effect of the tunnel face on the lining pressure is also considered.
On the whole, the comparison between modeling results and actual data, proved an accordance between them. As the results indicate, such parameters as, time dependent modulus of swelling and swelling strain coefficient as well as the initial aspect ratio, play a prominent role in controlling the swelling deformations. The set up time of lining is also considered as an impressing factor controlling the swelling pressure. In mediums of high swelling potential, the temporary support system installation has to be made to allow some ground deformations prior to the permanent support (lining) gets installed which causes the swelling deformation to get relieved. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0050-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131428 | oai_dc | Thermal history of the Jurassic marine sequences in the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: implication for the hydrocarbon preservation | Thermal history of the Jurassic marine sequences in the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: implication for the hydrocarbon preservation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mingming Fei(China University of Geosciences); Licheng Wang(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences); Yalin Li(China University of Geosciences); Yushuai Wei(China University of Geosciences)"
] | The Jurassic marine sequences of the Qiangtang Basin in the northern part of the Tibet Plateau have the best petroleum exploration prospect. The prototype basin has undergone multi-stage and complicated tectonic events since the Cretaceous, especially the mid-Cretaceous tectonic event and the Cenozoic uplift of Tibetan Plateau. However, little information about the impact of these tectonic events on petroleum preservation has been done. In this paper, the burial and thermal histories modeling using vitrinite reflectance (Ro) are used to characterize the impact. The results showed that there is a regional falling of palaeotemperature in the Qiangtang Basin during the mid-Cretaceous indicating a regional tectonic event caused by the collision between Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks. However, the Cenozoic tectonic event caused by the uplift of Tibetan Plateau since 30 Ma was only recorded in the Southern Qiangtang Depression and not obvious in the Northern Qiangtang Depression, which indicates that uplift-denudation caused by the mid-Cretaceous tectonic event was extensive in whole Qiangtang Basin and more significant to the hydrocarbon accumulation than those in the Cenozoic. The event could damage the previously formed hydrocarbon traps and caused the leaking of cap-rocks for the dramatically denudation especially in the Southern Qiangtang Depression. We speculated that the Northern Qiangtang Depression has the lower thickness of denudation and barely influenced by the Cenozoic tectonic events and thus is primary exploration target for gas or gas hydrate. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0072-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131438 | oai_dc | How much information can soil solute profiles reveal about groundwater recharge? | How much information can soil solute profiles reveal about groundwater recharge? | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Tianming Huang(Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry); Shuo Yang(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Jilai Liu(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Zhi Li(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | The unsaturated zone is an important link between groundwater and the land surface, and can provide storage capacity for both water and contaminants. Consequently, the solute profile of the unsaturated zone can provide much information on groundwater recharge using tracers. This study takes a rain-fed agricultural area (Luochuan loess plain) in the Chinese Loess Plateau as an example to demonstrate how much recharge information in the thick unsaturated zone can be obtained from the solute profile. The results show that the recharge rate is 36–67 mm yr–1 and infiltration rate is 0.19 to 0.30 m yr–1, as obtained using three methods, i.e., evaluating the Cl-peak, chloride mass balance, and nitrate levels. The amount of time needed for annual precipitation to reach the water table is 133–316 years, and the groundwater is tritium free. The nitrate introduced by human activities is mainly distributed in the upper unsaturated zone (above 6 m), and the groundwater nitrate content (3.7 to 9.6 mg l–1 as NO3) remains at baseline level. The storage capacity of the unsaturated zone is found to delay the entrance of pollutants into the aquifer. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0069-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131437 | oai_dc | Research on soil net nitrogen mineralization in Stipa grandis grassland with different stages of degradation | Research on soil net nitrogen mineralization in Stipa grandis grassland with different stages of degradation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wanyu Wen(Chinese Academy of Forestry); Xiaobing Li(Beijing Normal University); Lihong Chen(Beijing Normal University); Dandan Wei(Beijing Normal University); Han Wang(Beijing Normal University); Meng Zhang(Beijing Normal University); Jing Yu(Beijing Normal University)"
] | Net nitrogen mineralization is one of the nitrogen cycling process, and it is very important to understand nitrogen mineralization characteristics in degradation grassland. In the upper 0–10 cm soil layer of Stipa grandis P. A. Smirn. grassland in the Xilin river basin, Inner Mongolia, we studied the soil net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification among three varying stages of degradation grassland and analyzed the relationship between the mineralization rate of the soil net nitrogen and environmental factors, using the resin-core incubation method. Our results demonstrated that, from May to October 2012, the accumulated net nitrogen mineralization was 21.620 mg kg–1, 12.486 mg kg–1, and 48.053 mg kg–1 in the slightly, medium, and heavily degraded grasslands, respectively and varied greatly among the three stages of degradation shown by the S. grandis grassland plots. During the cultivation period, the variation of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification was similar to the variation of soil mineral nitrogen. The higher soil mineral nitrogen content indicated higher mineralization of net nitrogen. In July and August, soil moisture was positively correlated with the net nitrogen mineralization rate, and the correlation coefficients between these two factors of 0.73, 0.58, and 0.79 for the slightly, medium, and heavily degraded plots, respectively. The rates of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen, but positively correlated with C/N ratio, and weakly correlated with other physicochemical properties. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0067-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131441 | oai_dc | Thermal characteristics of soil and water during summer at King Sejong Station, King George Island, Antarctica | Thermal characteristics of soil and water during summer at King Sejong Station, King George Island, Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jin-Yong Lee(Kangwon National University); Hyoun Soo Lim(Pusan National University); Ho Il Yoon(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | Soil temperatures, water temperatures, and weather parameters were monitored at a variety of locations in the vicinity of King Sejong station, King George Island, Antarctica, during summer 2010–2011. Thermal characteristics of soil and water were analysed using time-series analyses, apparent thermal diffusivity (ATD), and active layer thickness. The temperatures of pond water and nearby seawater showed the distinctive diurnal variations and correlated strongly with solar radiation (r = 0.411–0.797). Soil temperature (0.1–0.3 m depth) also showed diurnal fluctuations that decreased with depth and were directly linked to air temperature (r = 0.513–0.783) rather than to solar radiation; correlation decreased with depth and the time lag in the response increased by 2–3 hours per 0.1 m of soil depth. Owing to the lack of snow cover, summertime soil temperature was not decoupled from air temperature. Estimated ATD was between 0.022 and 29.209 mm2/sec, showed temporal and spatial variations, and correlated strongly with soil moisture content.
The maximum estimated active layer thickness in the study area was a 41–70 cm, which is consistent with values reported in the previous work. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-016-0026-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131494 | oai_dc | Hydraulic properties measurement of tight sandstone for CO2 geological storage | Hydraulic properties measurement of tight sandstone for CO2 geological storage | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ju Hyeon Yu(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); 최준형(동아대학교); Young Jae Shinn(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Minera); Dae Sung Lee(Dong-A University)"
] | Permeability is one of the important rock properties in oil and gas exploration as essential input data of reservoir characterization and production simulation. As production of unconventional resources such as tight gas/oil, shale gas and coal bed methane increases, there is a growing need to measure the permeability of tight formation rocks. Direct measurement by conventional steady-state flow methods, however, is limited due the length of time needed for pressure equilibration. In this study the pressure pulsedecay method is applied to measure low permeability (lower than 9.87E-18m2) rocks. This method is based on the analysis of unsteadystate gas flow. The dissipation rates of dimensionless differential pressure (ΔPD) with time indicates permeability of various core samples. The low permeability measured by using the pressure pulse-decay method, is compared with the permeability recovered from the steady-state method for validation. These low permeability measurements are conducted to six tight sandstones from the Gyeongsang and Janggi basins, South Korea and Tsushima Island, Japan. The apparent permeability measured by the pressure pulsedecay method was approximately twice higher than permeability measured by steady-state method. By comparing the relationship between permeability and mean pressure, this may result from gas slippage effects. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0063-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131497 | oai_dc | Regional CO2 solubility trapping potential of a deep saline aquifer in Pohang basin, Korea | Regional CO2 solubility trapping potential of a deep saline aquifer in Pohang basin, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Hyesoo Lee(Hanyang University); Junwoo Seo(Hanyang University); Youngsoo Lee(Chonbuk National University); Woodong Jung(Hanyang University); Won Mo Sung(Hanyang University)"
] | This paper presents regional CO2 solubility trapping potential for stable CO2 storage as immobile phase and decomposed form while CO2 migrates through flow pathways characterized by the geological structure of an aquifer in Pohang basin, SE offshore Korea. The saline aquifer in Pohang basin has been selected as a target formation for geologic carbon storage due to favorable geologic structures and sedimentary strata defined through seismic survey. The aquifer is confined by southeast and northwest faults, and structure is unconfined and sloping toward the northeast direction.
The main target within the aquifer to store CO2 contains west plunging anticlines. In order to enlarge contact area of CO2 with brine and improve injectivity, the CO2 injector is located on marginal anticlines or small synclines. This structure may significantly affect CO2 flow dynamics through upward migration pathways within the aquifer. We, in this area, provide estimates for CO2 solubility trapping affected by dynamic CO2 migration pathways and present different types of CO2 trapping potentials. The numerical results based on thermodynamic equilibrium equation provide regional CO2 solubility trapping potential which has a linear relationship with brine salinity. We suggest that dynamic migration pathways resulting from geological structure are significantly important to increase CO2 solubility trapping potential in geological storage of CO2. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0068-4 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131419 | oai_dc | U-Pb zircon systematics of the Mansehra Granitic Complex: implications on the early Paleozoic orogenesis in NW Himalaya of Pakistan | U-Pb zircon systematics of the Mansehra Granitic Complex: implications on the early Paleozoic orogenesis in NW Himalaya of Pakistan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mustansar Naeem(University of the Punjab); Jean-Pierre Burg(Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zür); Nasir Ahmad(University of the Punjab); Muhammed Nawaz Chaudhry(University of the Punjab); Perveiz Khalid(University of the Punjab)"
] | Mansehra Granitic Complex (MGC) lies in the NW Himalaya of Pakistan. The MGC magmatic rocks are peraluminous, calc-alkaline S-type granitoids. Prior to this study the Mansehra Granite had produced ages of 83 Ma by K/Ar, 215 Ma using Ar/ Ar on biotite, and 516 ± 16 Ma, using the whole rock Rb/Sr method.
The Susalgali Granite Gneiss, a sheared facies of the Mansehra Granite previously regarded as older than the Mansehra Granite, was dated at 79 Ma using K/Ar on biotite. Hakale Granite, which is intrusive into the Mansehra Granite, had yielded K/Ar muscovite age of 165 Ma. The age of the leucogranites was not reported before this contribution. We have presented the revised geochronology of the MGC magmatic bodies, employing SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon chronometry, to constraint precise crystallization ages and tectonic setting of the NW Himalaya, Pakistan. Dates of emplacement of the Mansehra Granite, leucogranites and Hakale Granite are ca. 478, 475 and 466 Ma, respectively. These new ages are comparable to U-Pb zircon and Rb/Sr dates of other granites and granite gneisses in the Lesser Himalaya to the east, in India, Nepal, south Tibet and SW China. The age components of ca. 1900–1300, 985–920, 880–800 and 690–500 Ma are interpreted as inherited grains. Geochronological and field evidence suggest that the MGC of the NW Himalaya are the product of an Andean-type Cambro-Ordovician accretional orogenesis with continental-continental settings along the northen margin of east Gondwana. On the basis of new age data of the MGC plutonic rocks it is inferred that Cambro-Ordovician accretional event commenced from SW China and extends at least up to NW Pakistan along the northern margin of east Gondwana.
However, granitic rocks of Pan African affiliation prevail in central Iran and Turkey along northern and western margins of Gondwana. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0062-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131432 | oai_dc | Climate change and human activities over the past millennium at Mt. Jeombong, central-eastern Korea | Climate change and human activities over the past millennium at Mt. Jeombong, central-eastern Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Inseok Chae(Seoul National University); Jungjae Park(Seoul National University)"
] | We present a multi-proxy record (pollen, microscopic charcoal, carbon-isotopic composition [δ13C], organic content, and particle size) of the late-Holocene climate change and human impact from central-eastern South Korea. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), the most recent major climate events, have not been accurately investigated by paleolimnological studies in Korea, mainly due to a lack of undisturbed sediments and indifference to the past climate change. Our pollen records show late- Holocene centennial climate variations characterized by the successive solar minimums of the Oort, Wolf, Spörer, Maunder, and Dalton.
We find paleoenvironmental evidence for shifting cultivation associated with serious droughts and consequent famines during the early 19th-century Dalton minimum. Our interpretation of human activities is well supported by Korean historical documents describing socioeconomic suffering induced by LIA climate deteriorations. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0058-6 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART002131448 | oai_dc | Numerical analysis on scale effect of elasticity, strength and failure patterns of jointed rock masses | Numerical analysis on scale effect of elasticity, strength and failure patterns of jointed rock masses | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Peitao Wang(University of Science and Technology Bei); Tianhong Yang(Northeastern University); Tao Xu(Northeastern University); Meifeng Cai(University of Science and Technology Bei); Changhong Li(University of Science and Technology Bei)"
] | It is of great importance to study the failure process and scale effect of jointed rock mass in the field of rock mechanics and mining engineering. In the present paper, initially the uniaxial compression test on granite was performed and acoustic emission (AE) sequence was acquired during the compression process in laboratory. Results from numerical simulations using the particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D) were presented, and compared with experimental measurements. It was observed that the approach was reasonably good in predicting the real response of granite rock samples. The mechanical parameter of joint model was then calibrated based on PFC2D model with experimental results. Finally the mechanical properties of complex rocks with discrete fracture network (DFN) were studied and scale effects on the elasticity and strength were then investigated. The result showed that the failure pattern was similar when the ratio of joint contact bond strength (both shear and normal) to rock contact bond strength was in the range of 3~9%. The elastic modulus and strength parameters were changed with the sizes of rock sample for DFN models. Moreover, the variation of rock failure pattern under different sizes was also studied and finally the representative elementary volume (REV) size of the considered rock mass was estimated to be 9 × 9 m. It is suggested that the failure pattern analysis should be considered in the REV study of jointed rock mass. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-015-0070-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804973 | oai_dc | Conceptualizing a mountain hydrogeologic system by using an integrated groundwater assessment (Serra da Estrela, Central Portugal): a review | Conceptualizing a mountain hydrogeologic system by using an integrated groundwater assessment (Serra da Estrela, Central Portugal): a review | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jorge Espinha Marques(Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto); José M. Marques(Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa); Helder I. Chaminé(Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto); Paula M. Carreira(Universidade Técnica de Lisboa); Paulo E. Fonseca(Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto); Fernando A. Mont... | Mountains are often considered as the world’s water towers. This paper presents a critical review on the research concerning the integrated assessment of groundwater resources of the mountain hydrogeologic system of Serra da Estrela Natural Park (central Portugal). The study area is the Zzere river basin upstream of Manteigas village located at the Serra da Estrela Mountain in Central Portugal. It provides the source of strategic water resources for the Portuguese mainland, including normal groundwaters, thermomineral waters and surface waters. An integrated approach has been used to formulate a conceptual model for this complex mountain hydrogeological system by integrating the geological, morphotectonic, hydroclimatic, unsaturated soil zone, hydrogeological, hydrogeophysical, hydrogeochemical and isotopic data. This model has been useful to: i) evaluate the water resources; ii) provide the basis for a sustainable management of water resources, iii) design measures for groundwater exploitation and contamination control; and iv) set up land-use policies. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0019-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804938 | oai_dc | Magnetotelluric measurements along a reflection seismic profile: reprocessing and reinterpretation of MT data for crustal-scale electric resistivity structure in central Victoria, Australia | Magnetotelluric measurements along a reflection seismic profile: reprocessing and reinterpretation of MT data for crustal-scale electric resistivity structure in central Victoria, Australia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이성곤(한국지질자원연구원); 이태종(한국지질자원연구원); Toshihiro Uchida(Geological Survey of Japan); 박인화(한국지질자원연구원); Tim Rawling(Formerly GeoScience Victoria); Jim Cull(Monash University); 송윤호(한국지질자원연구원)"
] | Magnetotelluric(MT) soundings were done in Central Victoria, Australia, to investigate the electrical conductivity structure of the Bendigo and Melbourne structural zones. We reprocess and reinterpret the MT data, which were acquired along the same path as the seismic transect in 2006 by GeoScience Victoria (GSV). Deep crustal faulting in this region is considered to be responsible for significant mineralization and magmatic processes. The resulting two dimensional (2D) MT conductivity model is consistent with the seismic interpretation in that it clearly shows known boundaries as well, as additionally reveals four clearly isolated resistors, which could be hardly imaged by reflection seismic. With the result previously published, these resistors can be interpreted as granite or granodiorite intruded in the Devonian, or alteration associated with fluid migration. The 2-D electric conductivity model also agrees with seismic interpretations, which shows that internal faults in the Bendigo Zone are thrust fault systems with listric geometries that are connected in the mid-crust, and clarifies that the Bendigo Zone and Melbourne Zone experienced different tectonic evolution during the Benambran Orogeny in the Silurian. The model also supports the conjecture that the Melbourne Zone formed as a foreland basin to the uplifted Bendigo Zone. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0020-4 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804960 | oai_dc | An approach to evaluate groundwater recharge from streamflow and groundwater records | An approach to evaluate groundwater recharge from streamflow and groundwater records | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wen-Jui Kung(National Cheng Kung University); Hsin-Fu Yeh(National Cheng Kung University); Hung-I Lin(National Cheng Kung University); Wei-Ping Chen(Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science); Cheng-Haw Lee(National Cheng Kung University)"
] | To assess groundwater recharge, this study provided a composite method combining the recession-curve-displacement method and water-table fluctuation method. First, the initial recharge reference value was determined using the water-table fluctuation method. The corresponding groundwater discharge was then determined from the recharge reference value using the recession-curve-displacement method. Furthermore, the recession segment of the match between groundwater discharge and streamflow was computed. The recharge reference value was repeatedly adjusted to achieve a good fit with the recession segment for groundwater discharge and streamflow, thereby attaining the final groundwater recharge using the proposed method. Finally, the groundwater recharge of the Lanyang Creek basin in Taiwan was estimated as a case study. A comparison of recession-curve-displacement method and proposed composite method are presented. Estimation results show that the number of recharge events, recharge timing of these events, groundwater recharge events that satisfy recession theory, and range of transmissivity can be obtained using the proposed composite method. Comparison results demonstrate that the number of groundwater recharge events obtained with the composite method was greater than that acquired with the recession-curve-displacement method. However, the annual recharge and seasonal recharge obtained with the recession-curve-displacement method and composite method were close. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0027-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804930 | oai_dc | Geoacoustic model of the transverse acoustic variability experiment area in the northern East China Sea | Geoacoustic model of the transverse acoustic variability experiment area in the northern East China Sea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"양우헌(전북대학교); 김성필(한국지질자원연구원); 김성일(국방과학연구소(진해)); 김대철(부경대학교)"
] | Transverse Acoustic Variability Experiment (TAVEX) is a joint ROK-US acoustic experiment for testing transverse acoustic variability in the northern limit of the East China Sea. TAVEX was performed in a water depth of 70–90 m around 32°30 to 40N, 125°20 to 30E, about 150 km southwest of Cheju Island, in August 2008. Purpose of this paper is to provide geoacoustic models of the TAVEX area, integrated and detailed as available. Two geoacoustic models of three layers were reconstructed, located at 32°40N/125°30E and 32°30N/125°30E of the northern East China Sea, respectively. The models were based on the data of the high-resolution subbottom and air-gun seismic profiles with cores. Geoacoustic data of the cores were extrapolated down to a depth of 100 m of the geoacoustic models. For actual underwater experiments, the P-wave speed of the models was compensated to in situ depth below the sea floor using the Hamilton method. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0039-6 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804916 | oai_dc | Determining the viscosity and yield surface of marine sediments using modified Bingham models | Determining the viscosity and yield surface of marine sediments using modified Bingham models | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정승원(한국지질자원연구원)"
] | The rheology of marine sediment-laden flows in a submarine environment is examined. The viscosity and yield stress of marine sediments are key parameters controlling landslide mobility: the former is related to the peak velocity and the latter is related to the final deposition of debris flow. One of the simplest rheological models is the ideal plastic Bingham model, which is often applied to diverse materials. For marine sediments, the flow behavior can be approximated by modified Bingham models, such as the bi-viscosity and Papanastasiou models. The flow of viscoplastic materials can then be described by unyielded (local shear stress τ is lower than a yield stress τy), yield surface (τ = τy), and post-yield (τ>τy) characteristics. It is concluded that modified Bingham models with a proper choice of flow parameters can be used to predict the unyielded, yielding and yielded zones for marine sediments. It is also demonstrated that in some cases the yield surface can be effectively obtained using the relationship between viscosity and shear rate. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0038-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804932 | oai_dc | Paleomagnetism on the Quaternary marine sediment at the DH-1 long-core site in the Korean continental margin of the East Sea | Paleomagnetism on the Quaternary marine sediment at the DH-1 long-core site in the Korean continental margin of the East Sea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Byungju Lee(Chonbuk National University); 양우헌(전북대학교); 도성재(고려대학교)"
] | A long core of 23.6 m was acquired in the Korean continental margin of the western East Sea. The core site of the DH-1 is located in the offshore of the Donghae City and the water depth is 357.8 m deep. In this area, the paleomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy were firstly reported using 420 samples collected from the long-core sediments. Based on the inclination distribution of the depositional remanent magnetization, the DH-1 core could be divided into two upper and lower units at the boundary of 1750 cm below seafloor. The upper unit is characterized by a positive polarity, whereas the lower unit by a negative polarity. The boundary of the upper and lower units was interpreted as the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (778 ka). The chemical components of tephra layer at 2014 cm below seafloor belong to alkaline series, plotted between the tephra components of the Mount Baekdu and Ulleung Island. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0033-z | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804965 | oai_dc | Relations of arsenic concentrations among groundwater, soil and paddy from an alluvial plain of Korea | Relations of arsenic concentrations among groundwater, soil and paddy from an alluvial plain of Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Prafulla Kumar Sahoo(Kunsan National University); Wei Zhu(Kunsan National University); 김석휘(군산대학교); 정명채(세종대학교); 김강주(군산대학교)"
] | Serious groundwater arsenic (As) contaminations are frequently associated with alluvial plains, and which are mostly used for rice cultivation in Asian countries. Because rice cultivation requires large quantities of irrigation, the long-term use of As-contaminated groundwater for irrigation may cause As contamination in the soil with a consequent impact on rice grains. In this study, we investigated As concentrations in groundwater, soil and rice and the soil properties from an alluvial plain of the Mankyeong River, Korea, to understand their relations from the viewpoint of As contamination in rice. Arsenic in the rice varied from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.22 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.13 mg/kg, which is much lower than the World Health Organization’s maximum permissible limit of As in rice (1.0 mg/kg). Some groundwater samples showed As concentrations much higher than the drinking water standard (10 ug/L). Despite the rice As is independent of groundwater As it showed a good relation with soil As and Fe-oxide fractions. Because As is mainly occurred in Fe-oxide fractions and the soil is mostly silty, it is speculated that under flooding conditions arsenic can easily mobilize to the soil solution and potentially be available for plants. However, this availability can be controlled by As uptake mechanisms and/or incomplete reduction of Fe-oxides. It is observed that rice As is significantly correlated with soil exchangeable-PO4 (r = –0.41, p < 0.05), indicating that PO4 competition in the soil-rhizosphere may be one of the factors controlling rice As. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0031-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804955 | oai_dc | Distribution characteristics of hydraulic properties on a mountainous hillslope | Distribution characteristics of hydraulic properties on a mountainous hillslope | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"곽용석(부산대학교); 김상현(부산대학교)"
] | Understanding the heterogeneity of infiltration has been a challenging issue in improving knowledge of hillslope hydrology. Spatial distributions of the hydraulic properties on a hillslope were measured using tension infiltrometers over four different time periods. The hillslope examined has a permanent channel initiation point located in the Bongsunsa watershed, which is a headwater for the Han River basin, South Korea. Surface hydraulic conductivity is affected by both pore development structure and soil texture. In order to explore the impact of the relationship between spatial topographical features and the surface hydraulic properties, several terrain analyses and flow evaluations were performed. The importance of flow through a larger pore size was confirmed in both the scale and variation of the spatial and seasonal perspectives, respectively. Although there is a substantial heterogeneity of field measurements in both spatial and temporal contexts, the threshold for characterizing the spatial variation of hydraulic properties can be obtained through several statistical tests, using two distinct data subsets delineated from an analysis of the terrain attributes and hydraulic properties. Results reveal that threshold behavior appears to be restricted for hydraulic properties associated with the generation of the flow through macropores. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0022-2 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804947 | oai_dc | Unconventional resources in Algeria: appraisal result from the Hamra Quartzite reservoir | Unconventional resources in Algeria: appraisal result from the Hamra Quartzite reservoir | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Soumya Benayad(University of Science and Technology); 박영수(한국지질자원연구원); Rabah Chaouchi(University M’hamed Bougara Boumerdes); Naima Kherfi(Algerian National Oil Company)"
] | Unconventional resources have been widely discovered within the Ordovician rocks (Hamra Quartzite reservoir) of a number of basins in Algeria, including the giant Hassi Messaoud oil-field. This study aims to provide an appraisal of the major characteristics of the Hamra Quartzite reservoir within the southern peripheral area of the Hassi Messaoud field. Petrographically, quartz grains in this reservoir are considered to be mature quartz arenites characterized by pervasive quartz overgrowth. Reservoir porosity is dominated by secondary intergranular dissolution porosity. The diagenetic sequence of the Hamra Quartzite reservoir occurred in three phases: eodiagenesis (early), mesodiagenesis (mid), and telodiagenesis (late) phases. These phases are directly related to tectonic events that affected the study area, and are controlled mainly by the Hercynian unconformity. The Hamra Quartzite reservoir was highly silicified during the pre-Hercynian phase. Compaction and cementation are the principal factors controlling reservoir degradation. The reservoir is faulted and fractured, and fractures ranging from partially open to closed are observed in cores. Petrophysically, the reservoir displays low porosity and permeability values. However, moderately porous and permeable sandstone is present toward the southeastern part of the studied reservoir. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0029-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804925 | oai_dc | δ15N values of settling biogenic particles in the eastern Bransfield Basin (west Antarctic) and their records for the surface-water condition | δ15N values of settling biogenic particles in the eastern Bransfield Basin (west Antarctic) and their records for the surface-water condition | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김부근(부산대학교); Robert Dunbar(Stanford University); 김동선(한국해양과학기술원)"
] | Sediment trap deployments in the eastern Bransfield Basin (west Antarctic) show seasonal and inter-annual variability in particle fluxes, with most of total annual flux at mid-depth occurring during a short period. High seasonality in particle flux may be associated with biological processes (the timing of phytoplankton blooms) and physical factor (sea-ice cover). Inter-annual variability of particle flux may also reflect inter-annual variation of sea-ice cover related to the biological processes. Most notable is that year-round high particle flux is observed in sediment traps moored near the seabed, which is not unexpected, emphasizing the contribution of supplementary transport of lithogenic particles particularly during the unproductive season. In this case, particles in relatively rapid vertical transit, such as aggregates and fecal pellets, are presumably mixed with laterally-transported particles. The relationship between d15N values and biogenic particle flux highlights the contribution of particles in lateral transit to the vertical setting particles downward to the near-bottom sediment trap. Mid-depth sediment trap shows clear seasonal d15N variability, whereas the near-bottom sediment trap shows no distinct seasonal trend, indicating the contamination of low d15N, fresh organic material by high d15N, regenerated and more refractory material resuspended from shallow continental margin. However, judging from the flux-weight d15N values between the mid-depth and near-bottom sediment traps, biogeochemical components contained in the horizontally delivered particles are not critical to prevent the surface-water condition preserved in those of downward sinking particles. Our results provide the convincing implications from the recovery of paleoclimatic information using sediment cores from the eastern Bransfield Basin (west Antarctic). | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0032-0 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804952 | oai_dc | The microbial activity in development of hydrocarbon microseepage: an indicator for oil and gas exploration | The microbial activity in development of hydrocarbon microseepage: an indicator for oil and gas exploration | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mohammed A. Rasheed(National Geophysical Research Institute); M. Lakshmi(National Geophysical Research Institute); M.S. Kalpana(National Geophysical Research Institute); A.M. Dayal(National Geophysical Research Institute); D.J. Patil(National Geophysical Research Institute)"
] | Geomicrobial prospecting for hydrocarbons is an exploration method based on the seepage of lighter hydrocarbons from oil/gas reservoirs to the surface and their utilization by hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria. These bacteria utilize the hydrocarbons as their sole source of food and are found to be enriched in the near surface soils/sediments above the oil and gas reservoirs. The detection of anomalous populations of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the surface soils can help to evaluate the prospects for hydrocarbon exploration. Geomicrobial prospecting studies have been carried out to test the efficacy of surface geochemical methods as regional evaluation tools in the petroliferous region of Mehsana Block, North Cambay Basin, Gujarat and to investigate whether the geomicrobial anomalies can establish an upward migration of hydrocarbons from the deep subsurface. In the present study, bacterial counts for n-pentane utilizing bacteria range between 1.0×102 and 9.80×105 cfu/g and and n-hexane utilizing bacteria range between 1.0×102 and 9.20×105 cfu/g. The bacterial concentration distribution maps show four distinct anomalies in the study area. The possibility of discovering oil or gas reservoirs using the microbiological method is emphasized by the fact that the hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria range between 103 and 106 cfu/g in soil/sediment receiving hydrocarbon microseepages. In the present study area of the Mehsana Block of Cambay Basin, n-pentane and n-hexane utilizing bacteria show 105 cfu/g of soil sample, which is significant and thereby substantiates the seepage of lighter hydrocarbons from oil and gas reservoirs. Geomicrobial prospecting method has shown good correlation with existing oil/ gas fields of Mehsana, Gujarat. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0026-y | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804942 | oai_dc | An efficient tool for cultural heritage seismic soil classification: frequency-time analysis method in Venice historical center and its lagoon (Italy) | An efficient tool for cultural heritage seismic soil classification: frequency-time analysis method in Venice historical center and its lagoon (Italy) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jacopo Boaga(University of Padova)"
] | Invaluable historical heritage needs peculiar protections from natural hazards. Seismic risk is one of the most dangerous menaces for historical building, due to their critical seismic response. Venice historical center and its lagoon (Italy) is one of the most famous humanity assets. The city center is an urban complex grown in more than one thousand years, based on poor lagoon sediments. This urban environment is particularly fragile. From a technical point of view it presents several limitations to characterize subsoil properties, especially seismic velocities of soil. In this study it is proposed the single station frequency-time analysis (FTAN) as efficient shear wave velocity survey methodology. FTAN procedure has very simplified field logistics, if compared to multi-channels common methods. The work presents a case study of FTAN applications on several sites of the Venice historical center and its lagoon. The application of this geophysical technique allows an estimation of the seismic velocities of soil, necessary for seismic response evaluations. Thanks to the results of shear-wave velocity the soil was classified by the use of the seismic European classification and the Italian earthquake-proof regulation. Since the Venice subsoil is characterized from inhomogeneous deposits, even very near sites can present different seismic velocities. The work results enhance these different soil properties, in good agreement with the most recent lithostratigraphic reconstruction of the Venice subsoil. Different Vs conditions can lead to substantially different seismic behaviors, imposing particular characterizations for aseismic purposes and site response analyses. FTAN methodology efficiently meets geological reconstruction. This non invasive procedure seems to accurately answer the modern anti-seismic design requirements, even in such a difficult historical urban complex. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0025-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001804921 | oai_dc | Miocene Tilia (Malvaceae) woods in Korea: including a new taxon | Miocene Tilia (Malvaceae) woods in Korea: including a new taxon | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정은경(전북대학교); 김경식(전북대학교); 백인성(부경대학교); 임종덕(국립문화재연구소)"
] | The Miocene fossil woods with Tilia affinity have been described for the first time in Korea. Two specimens of them were discovered from the fluvial deposits of the Sinjeongri (Lower Coal-bearing) Formation of the Janggi Basin at Donghae-myeon, Pohang City, and one specimen was identified from an exhibited collection in a local company of Ulsan City. These specimens were identified as a new taxon of Tilia wood from the Neogene; that is Tilia miocenica sp. nov. Jeong, E.K. et Kim, K. One of the two specimens from the Sinjeongri Formation was identified up to genus level due to poor preservation. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0030-2 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827599 | oai_dc | Simultaneous multiple collector-ICP-MS measurement of Nd isotopic composition and Sm/Nd ratio in geological reference materials by interference corrections and external calibration using matrix-matched standards | Simultaneous multiple collector-ICP-MS measurement of Nd isotopic composition and Sm/Nd ratio in geological reference materials by interference corrections and external calibration using matrix-matched standards | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정창식(한국기초과학지원연구원); 류종식(한국기초과학지원연구원); 정연중(한국기초과학지원연구원)"
] | This study introduces an improved multiple collector-ICP-MS protocol to simultaneously determine the Nd isotopic composition and Sm/Nd ratio of geological samples without isotope dilution. Our pretreatment procedure simply consists of sample digestion and single-step group separation of Sm and Nd. The Nd isotopic composition was conventionally corrected for Sm isobaric interference by using the exponential mass fractionation law and selected Sm isotopic compositions, and the Sm/Nd ratio was externally corrected by the standard-sample bracketing method. This protocol yielded the corrected 143Nd/144Nd ratios of the USGS GRMs (BHVO-2, BCR-2, AGV-2, and RGM-1) mostly in good agreement with previously recommended values. By contrast, their Sm/Nd ratios were consistently higher (up to 3.4%) than the recommended values when the measured ratios were corrected simply using data of an aqueous standard solution. Further calibration using a matrixmatched GRM as a secondary standard significantly reduced the discrepancies with previous ratios to within a 0.3% difference. Therefore,we recommend that the matrix of calibration standard should be matched with that of the samples as closely as possible in the inter-elemental ratio measurement of geological samples. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0056-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827636 | oai_dc | Stratigraphic architecture of fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation, Athabasca oil sands, Alberta, Canada | Stratigraphic architecture of fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation, Athabasca oil sands, Alberta, Canada | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"조형래(안동대학교); Chang Gyeong Ha(Andong National University)"
] | In-situ thermal recovery of bitumen requires a detailed understanding of the subsurface stratal architecture of oil-sands deposits. In the present study, 455 well-logs and 10 drilled cores acquired at Christina Lake (Township 76–77, Range 6W4), northeastern Alberta, Canada are examined to reveal the stratigraphic architecture of the oil-sands deposits of the Early Cretaceous McMurray Formation, focusing on the lower fluvial succession overlying unconformably Paleozoic limestone. The lower McMurray succession comprises 3 major lithologic units of thick sand,interbedded sand/mud, and thick mud, which represent main fluvial channels, proximal floodplains with crevasse splays close to the main channels, and distal floodplains, respectively. Spatial correlation of well-log data shows the stratigraphic architecture of the succession and the paleotopography of the underlying unconformity surface. Thick channel sand bodies forming good bitumen reservoirs occur mainly along the axis of a paleovalley with minor intercalation of fine-grained floodplain deposits, which is ascribed to frequent interconnection of channel bodies resulting from slow increase of accommodation space during lowstand and the limitation of channel locations to the narrow axial part of the paleovalley during the early stage of valley-filling. The channel bodies tend to decrease in thickness and proportion toward the valley margin and upsection at the expanse of increase in proportion of fine-grained deposits. This overall stratigraphic architecture is in agreement with the sequence stratigraphic model. The succession,however, locally displays significantly different architectures from the model, controlled by the paleotopography. The recessed areas between topographic highs on the valley margins are dominated by fine-grained floodplain deposits, because those areas were not suitable for being occupied by channels. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0041-z | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827642 | oai_dc | Stratigraphy and geochronology of Quaternary marine terraces of Tasmania, Southeastern Australia: implications on neotectonism | Stratigraphy and geochronology of Quaternary marine terraces of Tasmania, Southeastern Australia: implications on neotectonism | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"신재열(Kyungpook National University)"
] | This study documents emergent marine terraces of Tasmania in Southeast Australia that are commonly observed along the coasts with both the distribution and elevation of terraces varying around the island. The primary objective is to document existence, characteristics and geochronology of little known terrace sequences on each coastline and to establish correlations between them. In order to address variability in uplift in Tasmania this study attempts to correlate uplift records from a number of widely separated locations. Quartz OSL dating technique was applied to constrain the age of the late Quaternary terrace sequences. The results imply that the time-integrated uplift rates around the Tasmanian coasts ranged from 40 m/Ma to 112 m/Ma since the last interglacial period, suggesting a non-uniform uplift during the late Quaternary. In addition, likely Miocene paleo-shorelines ranging 160 to 270 m around Tasmania show a similar pattern with the non-uniform uplift during the Late Neogene. The vertical motion of Tasmania within a horizontal length scale of order 100 kms and amplitude of order 100 m accords well with the dynamic topography records documented elsewhere in Southern Australia over the Neogene. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0046-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827659 | oai_dc | Estimation of shallow groundwater ages and circulation rates in the Henan Plain, China: CFC and deuterium excess methods | Estimation of shallow groundwater ages and circulation rates in the Henan Plain, China: CFC and deuterium excess methods | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wei-hong Dong(Jilin University); Bo Kang(Jilin University); Shang-hai Du(Jilin University); Xu-fei Shi(Jilin University)"
] | CFC age and deuterium excess methods were applied to the estimation of groundwater circulation rates in the Quaternary shallow groundwater system of the Henan Plain. The results provide a basis for groundwater renewability evaluation. The spatial distribution of CFC age shows that the groundwater system mainly comprises modern water, less than 50 a. The groundwater of less than 30 a was in the piedmont zone of the Taihang, Funiu, and Dabie Mountains, indicating short groundwater residence times,and fast groundwater cycling, with circulation rates of 27–31 m/d.
Groundwater cycling along the Yellow River was also rapid because of exchange with the Yellow River. The circulation rates were 34–54m/d. In the areas around Tongxu, Shangqiu, Taikang, Xiangcheng,in the middle of the study area, and east of Huaxian-Changyuan and Xixian, Gushi in the south, groundwater age was 30–40 a, suggesting a longer groundwater residence time. The groundwater cycle in these areas was slower than in the piedmonts, and the area along the Yellow River. The circulation rates were 15–26 m/d. In the areas of Luyi, Yongcheng, Zhumadian, Xincai and Huaibin,the groundwater age was older than 40 a, with the longest residence times and slowest circulation rates (~12 m/d). The correlation between groundwater age and deuterium excess averages for the northern, central, southern shallow groundwater systems and the <30 a, 30–40 a, >40 a groundwater age divisions was strong (R = 0.9714), showing that the groundwater residence time embodied by the deuterium excess parameter was consistent with groundwater age estimated using the CFC method. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0037-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827671 | oai_dc | Impact of land-use change on ecosystem service values and their effects under different intervention scenarios in Fuzhou City, China | Impact of land-use change on ecosystem service values and their effects under different intervention scenarios in Fuzhou City, China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Xisheng Hu(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University); Chengzhen Wu(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University); Wei Hong(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University); Rongzu Qiu(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University); Xinhua Qi(Fujian Normal University)"
] | In this paper, substitution cost methods and prevention cost methods were used to estimate the influence of construction land on the ecosystem service value (ESV). Then, the total ESV was adjusted by the influence. The results showed that the ESV of Fuzhou City dropped from 105, 061.53 million Yuan in 1986 to 103, 916.53 million Yuan in 2006, mainly due to the degradation of cropland and water body and the increase of construction land. Water supply and waste treatment were the two largest ecosystem services, contributing approximately 35% of the total ecosystem service in both years. On the basis of land-use transition matrix, the compartment theory was applied to simulating landuse spatial pattern dynamics under different artificial intervention scenarios. The results showed that if we maintain or increase the existing intensity of interference, the total ESV of Fuzhou City will decrease by 58.13 million Yuan per year or 122.99 million Yuan per year, respectively; if we reduce the existing intensity of interference,the total ESV will increase by 52.38 million Yuan per year.
In addition, the total ESV will decrease by 4.84 million Yuan for each 10% increase in the speed of the urbanisation process. We can conclude that the disordered expansion of construction lands and imbalance of ecological lands are main problems impeding the harmonious urban development. Given the similar social environment across the Chinese mainland, the findings from our study have important implications for the sustainable development of other rising cities in China and beyond. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0040-0 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827657 | oai_dc | Characterizing and predicting contaminant transport in the Newport Wellfield aquifer, Ohio | Characterizing and predicting contaminant transport in the Newport Wellfield aquifer, Ohio | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Thomas Antonacci(Ohio University); 이응석(Ohio Univ.); 김용제(한국지질자원연구원)"
] | The aquifer that supplies the Newport Wellfield in Ohio has been contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE), cisdichloroethylene (DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC). These contaminants were introduced into the aquifer during the 1960s and 1970s when local industries donated their waste products to the local volunteer fire department that used the chemicals in training exercises. Past remediation efforts included a pump and treat scheme but the contamination persists. This study characterized the groundwater flow and the transport of TCE, DCE, and VC in the aquifer through analyses of site-specific geologic, hydrogeologic,pump test, and contaminant concentration data using AQTESOLV,Hydro GeoBuilder, and Visual MODFLOW. Based on our model results, the uncontaminated production wells (PW-1 and PW-3)will not become contaminated in the future. However, under the current pumping scheme, the aquifer will not meet the maximum contaminant level allowed by the US EPA (5 mg/L) for 6.5 years.
This time could be reduced to less than 3 years if the pumping rate of the contaminated well (PW-2) is increased to 140 gallons per minute and it is pumped continuously. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0045-8 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827652 | oai_dc | Geochemical baseline and distribution of cobalt, manganese, and vanadium in the Liao River Watershed sediments of China | Geochemical baseline and distribution of cobalt, manganese, and vanadium in the Liao River Watershed sediments of China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Chunye Lin(Beijing Normal University); Jing Wang(China Land Surveying and Planning Institute); Shaoqing Liu(Beijing Normal University); Mengchang He(Beijing Normal University); Xitao Liu(Beijing Normal University)"
] | The quantitative contamination assessment of toxic elements in sediments is a challenge due to the lack of their geochemical background or baseline levels and sediment heterogeneity.
Eighty-eight sediment samples were collected in the Liao River Watershed (LRW) and analyzed for Co, Mn, V, Sc, Fe, Al, and sediment properties. The average background levels, geochemical baseline levels (GBL), and geochemical baseline functions of Co,Mn, and V in the sediments were obtained using statistical and geochemical methodologies. The concentrations of Co, Mn, and V were 0.86 to 23.40, 105.9 to 1771.6, and 6.47 to 153.30 mg/kg, respectively.
The average background levels and GBLs were 7.2 and 14.4mg/kg for Co, 422 and 762 mg/kg for Mn, and 35.4 and 59.0 mg/kg for V. The linear correlation of Co, Mn, and V with particle-size proxy elements (normalizers) Sc, Fe, and Al was statistically significant with probability (p-value) <0.001 level, showing that Fe,Al, and Sc can be used as particle-size proxy elements to develop the GBFs of Co, Mn, and V. The spatial distribution of the sampling sites with the concentrations of Co, Mn, and V either outlied or greater than GBLs may be related to industry and mine distribution,showing the impact of human activities on the contents of Co, Mn, and V in the LRW sediments. The procedure in the study can be used to estimate GBLs and construct GBFs of toxic elements in other watershed sediments on the world in order to manage sediment quality. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0036-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827648 | oai_dc | Basal water-bearing zone of the oil-sands deposits of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation at Christina Lake, Alberta, Canada | Basal water-bearing zone of the oil-sands deposits of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation at Christina Lake, Alberta, Canada | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"조형래(안동대학교); Chang Gyeong Ha(Andong National University)"
] | The Cretaceous McMurray Formation at Christina Lake in Alberta, Canada contains bitumen-rich sand bodies in the lower part. These sand bodies were deposited in lowstand fluvial systems with the onset of relative sea-level rise in the Western Canada foreland basin, forming thick interconnected bodies along the paleovalley. Oil recovery from these reservoirs commonly suffers from bottom water, which reduces not only pay thickness but also the efficiency of thermal recovery processes. For successful oil production in this area, basal water-bearing zone should be investigated and incorporated in determining optimistic well locations and operational strategies. Examination of 455 wireline logs reveals a widespread water-bearing zone at the basal part of the McMurray Formation at Christina Lake. The basal water-bearing zone is relatively thick on paleotopographic lows, particularly along the paleovalley.
This result suggests that paleotopography played a crucial role in the distribution of the basal water-bearing zone. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0058-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827666 | oai_dc | The oil production performance analysis using discrete fracture network model with simulated annealing inverse method | The oil production performance analysis using discrete fracture network model with simulated annealing inverse method | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Young Ho Jang(Hanyang University); Tae Hun Lee(Hanyang University); Ji Hun Jung(Dong-A University); 권순일(동아대학교); 성원모(한양대학교)"
] | Naturally fractured reservoirs generally show high production in early stage, however, the oil might decrease suddenly within a few months. Because the connectivity of fracture network directly affects the oil production, the characterization of its network is extremely important, especially in fracture basement reservoirs. In order to characterize the fracture network, we have developed integrated system of fracture generation and discrete fracture network flow model coupling with simulated annealing inversion method. With the utilization of the model, parameters (fracture density, Fisher’s constant) of fracture network were analyzed.
As a result, even though the same values of parameters were applied, different network systems were observed. Therefore, further study is essential to obtain unique fracture network system. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0034-y | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827604 | oai_dc | Petrogenetic implications of the mineral-chemical characteristics of scheelite and associated phases from Miniki Gol (Chitral), NW Pakistan | Petrogenetic implications of the mineral-chemical characteristics of scheelite and associated phases from Miniki Gol (Chitral), NW Pakistan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mohammad Zahid(University of Peshawar); Mohammad Arif(University of Peshawar); Charlie J. Moon(The University of Exeter)"
] | The stratabound tungsten mineralization in Chitral,northern Pakistan, lies within the Hindu Kush terrane and is located to the north-west of the Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT)that represents the suture zone between the Kohistan complex and Asian plate. The area has undergone amphibolite facies metamorphism followed by retrogression and at least two episodes of deformation.
Scheelite occurs mainly in the calc-silicate quartzite and subordinate tourmalinite associated with metapelite of the Jurassic Arkari Formation at Miniki Gol. The scheelite host rocks are intruded by leucogranite, which is exposed ~400 m east of the studied tungsten mineralization. The leucogranite was emplaced after the culmination of the amphibolite facies metamorphism. The scheelite-bearing calc-silicate rock consists of clinozoisite, quartz, calcicamphibole,plagioclase, chlorite, biotite, calcite, sphene and garnet.
This mineral assemblage correlates with a skarn-type environment.
Scheelite is intergrown with clinozoisite in the calc-silicate rock and also associated with tourmaline and spessartine-rich garnet in the tourmalinite. The extensive tourmalinisation leading to the formation of abundant (i.e., up to 80 modal%) tourmaline in the scheelite-bearing tourmalinite appears to have been caused by a post-magmatic hydrothermal activity. The mentioned leucogranite in the area might have acted as a source of fluids for this borondominated metasomatic process. The abundant development of epidote, making up to 60% by volume of the calc-silicate rock, signifies its formation through a hydrothermal phenomenon. The chemical compositions of tourmaline, clinozoisite, sphene, garnet and scheelite from the calc-silicate rock also support their hydrothermal origin. Similarly, the compositional characteristics of both tourmaline and spessartine-rich garnet from the tourmalinite indicate the precipitation of these phases from evolved acidic magmaderived fluids. More importantly, the investigated scheelite contains significant amounts of Zr (up to 0.46 wt% ZrO2) and Ta (up to 0.35 wt% Ta2O5), which are believed to replace W in scheelite from post-magmatic environments. As all the mentioned minerals are associated and some of them even intergrown with scheelite, it appears that the tungsten mineralization also is genetically linked to the solidification and emplacement of leucogranite in the area. Although itself generally unmineralized,the Miniki Gol leucogranite’s average W content (5.3 ppm) is higher than that of low-Ca granites. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0035-x | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001827603 | oai_dc | Whereabouts of the collision belt between the Sino-Korean and South China blocks in the northeast Asian margin | Whereabouts of the collision belt between the Sino-Korean and South China blocks in the northeast Asian margin | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"조성권(서울대학교); 이동진(안동대학교); 이진한(고려대학교)"
] | This study delineates the collision belt (late Permian-Triassic) between the Sino-Korean and South China blocks in the northeast Asian margin, based on correlation of endemic fossil components (corals) in shallow marine deposits of the Silurian and Devonian, identified in both south China and southwest and northeast Japan. The Qinling-Dabie Belt in China was offset by the leftlateral Tanlu Fault and contiguous to the Sulu Belt. The Imjingang Belt in the Korean peninsula was, in turn, offset by the right-lateral South Korean Tectonic Line, and extended eastward to the Namhae Belt (newly named). Further east, it extended to the Higo Belt and the Kitakami Terrane in Japan, prior to the opening of the East Sea in the Miocene. The collision in the northeastern Asian margin in the Triassic was superposed by contemporaneous subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0057-4 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755872 | oai_dc | Temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and climate trend on Jeju Island | Temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and climate trend on Jeju Island | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Alan Mair(University of Hawaii at Manoa); Aly I. El-Kadi(University of Hawaii at Manoa); 하규철(한국지질자원연구원); Gi-Won Koh(Leading Industry Develop Economic Region)"
] | The temporal and spatial analyses of rainfall and temperature were conducted for understanding spatial variability and climate trend on Jeju Island. Rainfall data from 1992 to 2009 were used for the spatial analyses, and missing data were adjusted on Mt. Halla and along the northeast coast to reduce uncertainty of spatial variability. In addition, rainfall time series data of both Jeju City and Seogwipo City from 1961 to 2009 were analyzed for a long-term trend and identification of droughts. Mean annual rainfall for the period 1992–2009 shows an area of maximum rainfall centered around Mt. Halla where maximum annual rainfall reaches more than 4,300 mm and mean island rainfall is 2,082 mm. Upward trends in rainfall intensity, magnitude, and dryness conditions at the Jeju City and Seogwipo City from 1961 to 2009 suggest that rainfall has intensified with greater quantities of rainfall occurring over shorter durations, with longer dry periods between storm events. The annual cycle shows a distinct monsoon signature with peak rainfall typically occurring in August. Rainfall seasonality shows a shift in peak rainfall from June, July, and August, to July, August, and September. The most severe droughts in the period 1961–2009 were identified using a 12-month composite SPI. Three severe droughts each lasting around two years were identified over a relatively short nine-year period from 1964–1972. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0002-6 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755886 | oai_dc | A review of the arsenic concentration in paddy rice from the perspective of geoscience | A review of the arsenic concentration in paddy rice from the perspective of geoscience | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Prafulla Kumar Sahoo(Kunsan National University); 김강주(군산대학교)"
] | Along with contaminated drinking water, arsenic (As) contamination in rice has become a global concern as a potential dietary risk to human health. Arsenic naturally occurs in paddy soil and can be increased by irrigating with As-rich groundwater, which may have subsequent impact on rice grains. There have been many studies on As concentration in rice. Some studies have revealed that As concentration in rice depends on the As content in irrigated groundwater and soil, whereas others have shown that various other factors control As solubility, bioavailability and uptake in the soil-rhizosphere-plant system. This review discusses the major factors controlling As behavior in the soil-rhizosphere-plant system and the current status of As contamination in paddy rice from different parts of the world. Understanding this aspect is crucial for minimizing As toxicity in rice plants. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0004-4 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755854 | oai_dc | Generation of subsurface injection flow in a carbonate platform | Generation of subsurface injection flow in a carbonate platform | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"S.K. Chough(Seoul National University); Jitao Chen(Seoul National University)"
] | In order to diagnose emplacement of discordant breccia body in carbonate platform, we here describe sedimentary structures and texture as well as bed geometry of two beds of the Chaomidian Formation (Frongian) in Shandong Province, China. Each breccia body consists of granule- to cobble-size clasts of peloidal grainstone and matrices of dolomitic marlstone and/or micritic limestone, showing a tunnel geometry. Marlstone in the matrix is homogeneous, whereas micritic limestone shows irregular and disoriented laminations. It is hypothesized that the breccia body formed by subsurface in situ fluidization and fragmentation and further injection into the ambient deposits. Subsurface sediment remobilization occurred most likely under cyclic loading of large storm waves. The laminated matrix is strongly suggestive of hydroplastic deformation (flowage) of fluidized material during injection. This study suggests that there exists a full spectrum of subsurface deformation from liquefaction/fluidization to injection flow. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0001-7 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755859 | oai_dc | Biostratigraphic significance of Darriwilian conodonts from Sierra de La Trampa (Central Precordillera, San Juan, Argentina) | Biostratigraphic significance of Darriwilian conodonts from Sierra de La Trampa (Central Precordillera, San Juan, Argentina) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ana Mestre(Universidad Nacional de San Juan); Susana Heredia(Universidad Nacional de San Juan)"
] | The Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus Zone is defined by a conodont fauna composed by E. pseudoplanus (Viira) and Dzikodus tablepointensis (Stouge) among others in the Central Precordillera, Sierra de La Trampra region. We revised the biostratigraphical distribution and control biofacies of the conodonts D. tablepointensis and E. pseudoplanus in the Middle Ordovician of the Precordillera. This study confirms that these species has a similar biostratigraphical distribution to those of equivalent age in south-central China, Baltica and Midcontinent region. We also corroborate that the presence of D. tablepointensis is accurately positioned in the E. pseudoplanus Zone. In this paper we discuss for the first time the morphological affinities of D. tablepointensis and E. pseudoplanus elements from the Precordillera with those same species from south-central China and Baltica. On the other hand, we review the genus “Polonodus” galerus Albanesi and propose it as Kallidontus? galerus (Albanesi), extending the biostratigraphical record of the genus Kallidontus from the late Tremadocian to middle Darriwilian. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0006-2 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755877 | oai_dc | A seasonality of δD of water vapor (850–500 hPa) observed from space over Jeju Island, Korea | A seasonality of δD of water vapor (850–500 hPa) observed from space over Jeju Island, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이정훈(Korea Polar Research Institute); John Worden(California Institute of Technology); 고동찬(한국지질자원연구원); Kei Yoshimura(University of Tokyo); Jung-Eun Lee(California Institute of Technology)"
] | We examined the seasonal variations of isotopic composition of water vapor in the lower troposphere (850–500 hPa) to relate those of precipitation and groundwater using satellite observations from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) over the volcanic Island of Jeju, Korea. We ran an isotope-enabled general circulation model (IsoGSM) and calculated 120-hr reverse-calculated trajectories for air parcels corresponding to the TES observations to better understand the seasonal variations of D of water vapor in the lower troposphere. D of precipitation by previous studies and the model results show winter-enriched, while summer-enriched water vapor isotope is observed by the TES observations, which may require a validation campaign using in-situ measurements or continuous monitoring of water vapor isotopes around Jeju Island. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0003-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755881 | oai_dc | Influence of anthropogenic contamination on groundwater chemistry in Mulbagal town, Kolar District, India | Influence of anthropogenic contamination on groundwater chemistry in Mulbagal town, Kolar District, India | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sudhakar M. Rao(Indian Institute of Science); K. Asha(Indian Institute of Science); S. Shivachidambaram(Indian Institute of Science)"
] | Geochemical studies are performed to examine the impact of leachate infiltration from on-site sewage disposal systems on the groundwater chemistry in Mulbagal town, Kolar District, Karnataka State, India. The leachate infiltration imposed nitrate concentrations ranging from 4 mg/L to 388 mg/L in the groundwater samples; it was observed that 79% of the samples exhibited nitrate concentrations in excess of drinking water permissible limit (45 mg/L). The average (of 43 measurements) E. coli levels in the groundwater samples corresponded to 189 MPN/100 mL and 55% of the samples tested exhibit pathogen contamination. Results also showed that the groundwater in the study area is characterized by acidic pH, large calcium + magnesium ion and Na/Cl ratios of <unity causing majority of the ground water samples to classify as Ca-Mg-Cl type and Na-Cl type. Saturation index (SI) computation using Visual MINTEQ program showed that the groundwater samples are under-saturated with respect to calcite. The theoretical SI values (of calcite) however suggested that the groundwater samples ought to be over-saturated with calcite. Under-saturation of the groundwater samples with calcite is attributed to increased dissolution of the mineral in the acidic environment of the groundwater. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0007-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755855 | oai_dc | Distal turbidite fan/lobe succession of the Late Paleozoic Taean Formation, western Korea | Distal turbidite fan/lobe succession of the Late Paleozoic Taean Formation, western Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Young Seok So(Chungbuk National University); 이철우(충북대학교); 최범영(한국지질자원연구원); 기원서(한국지질자원연구원); Jin Yeong Seo(Chungbuk National University); Eun-Ju Lee(Chungbuk National University)"
] | The Late Paleozoic Taean Formation is similar in depositional environment and age to sedimentary successions around the collision belt between the North and South China blocks. The studies on those successions would be helpful for figuring out the pre- and post-collision depositional setting and tectonic framework around the Korean Peninsula and mainland China. As the first step for such an approach to the Taean Formation in Anmyeondo, this study carried out analyses of sedimentary facies and architectural elements of it. The Taean Formation of turbidite origin consists of 6 sedimentary facies, which can be grouped into 4 facies associations (FA) representing axis lobes, off-axis lobes, fringe lobes and distal fringe lobes of a deep-water turbidite system. Based on assemblage and stacking pattern of 4 facies associations, three architectural elements are defined: forward stacking of depositional lobe, backward stacking of depositional lobe and fan/lobe fringe. The first two architectural elements are characterized by meso-scale thickening- and thinning-upward succession of facies associations 1 and 2. The last one is defined by disorganized assemblage of facies associations 3 and 4. Stratigraphic correlation on the level of architectural elements gives rise to division of the Taean Formation in Anmyeondo into 4 fining-upward stratigraphic units (FSUs) separated by thick mudstone beds of fan/lobe fringe architectural element. The stratigraphic units can be grouped into 2 turbidite members based on the composition of sandstone turbidite beds. The lower turbidite member A comprises FSU 1 of calcareous turbidite beds, whereas the upper turbidite member B comprises FSU 2–4 of non-calcareous turbidite beds. These sedimentological and stratigraphic features indicate that the Taean Formation in Anmyeondo represents distal fan/lobe depositional environments in a sand/mud-mixed turbidite system. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0016-0 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755868 | oai_dc | Global model of the upper mantle lateral density structure based on combining seismic and isostatic models | Global model of the upper mantle lateral density structure based on combining seismic and isostatic models | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Robert Tenzer(Wuhan University); Mohammad Bagherbandi(Royal Institute of Technology); Peter Vajda(Slovak Academy of Sciences)"
] | We compile the global model of the upper mantle lateral density structure with a 2x2 arc-deg spatial resolution using the values of the crust-mantle density contrast estimated relative to the adopted crust density model. The combined least-squares approach based on solving Moritz’s generalization of the Vening-Meinesz inverse problem of isostasy is facilitated to estimate the crust-mantle density contrast. The global geopotential model (EGM08), the global topographic/bathymetric model (DTM2006.0) including ice-thickness data, and the global crustal model (CRUST2.0) are used to compute the isostatic gravity anomalies. The estimated upper mantle densities globally vary between 2751 and 3635 kg/m3. The minima correspond with locations of the divergent oceanic tectonic plate boundaries (along the mid-oceanic ridges). The maxima are found along the convergent tectonic plate boundaries in the Andes and Himalayas (extending under the Tibetan Plateau). A comparison of the estimated upper mantle densities with the CRUST2.0 data shows a relatively good agreement between these two models within the continental lithosphere with the differences typically within ±100 kg/m3. Much larger discrepancies found within the oceanic lithosphere are explained by the overestimated values of the CRUST2.0 upper mantle densities. Our result shows a prevailing pattern of increasing densities with the age of oceanic lithosphere which is associated with the global mantle convection process. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0009-z | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755856 | oai_dc | Geochemistry and petrogenesis of metabasic rocks from the Lesser Himalayan Crystallines, western Arunachal Himalaya, northeast India | Geochemistry and petrogenesis of metabasic rocks from the Lesser Himalayan Crystallines, western Arunachal Himalaya, northeast India | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"R.K. Bikramaditya Singh(Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology); Athokpam K. Singh(Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology)"
] | In the Lesser Himalayan Crystallines of the western Arunachal Himalaya, numerous metabasic rocks occur as disrupted dykes / sills and boudins mostly within gneiss and rarely interbedded with quartzite and phyllite. These metabasic rocks are tholeiitic in composition, resemble ortho-amphibolites, enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depleted in high field strength elements (Nb, P, Ti). Amphiboles present in these rocks are typically calcic in nature and range from tschermakite to magnesiohornblende-actinolite, whereas plagioclase varies from oligoclase to labradorite (An29 to An52). Their mineral chemistry suggests that these rocks were metamorphosed at temperatures between 566 ûC and 633 ûC at a pressure >5 kb. Geochemical characteristics and petrogenetic modelling imply that the protolith of these metabasic rocks was probably derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source by partial melting (5% to 20%) leaving a residue with 35% olivine, 50% orthopyroxene, 15% clinopyroxene; subsequently, the melt was modified by fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene and plagioclase. It is also suggested that the protoliths of these rocks were emplaced in a continental rift environment and were metamorphosed into amphibolites during the Himalayan orogeny. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0005-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001755864 | oai_dc | Comparison of wavelet estimation methods | Comparison of wavelet estimation methods | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Bo Y. Yi(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Gwang H. Lee(Pukyong National University); 김한준(한국해양과학기술원); 주형태(한국해양과학기술원); Dong G. Yoo(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Byong J. Ryu(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Keumsuk Lee(Korea National Oil Corporation)"... | Wavelet estimation is a very important task in seismic data processing and analysis such as deterministic deconvolution, seismic-to-well tie, and seismic inversion, among others. We investigated the wavelets estimated from four different methods: (1) the wavelet estimated from the seafloor signal; (2) the wavelet estimated fully from well-log data; (3) the wavelet estimated using seismic and well-log data; and (4) the wavelet estimated from sparse-spike deconvolution. The wavelets estimated from 2-D seismic data using the four methods are quite comparable to one another. The results of the deconvolution and inversion of the 2-D seismic data using the four wavelets show that the wavelet estimated from the seafloor signal can be as effective as those estimated from the more rigorous methods. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0008-0 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776179 | oai_dc | Origin of volcaniclastics in the central part of a pull-apart basin, the Cretaceous Eumsung Basin, Korea | Origin of volcaniclastics in the central part of a pull-apart basin, the Cretaceous Eumsung Basin, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"양우헌(전북대학교)"
] | There are coarse-grained deposits, especially composed entirely of volcaniclastics in the central part of the Cretaceous Eumsung Basin (Eumseong Basin), far away from the basinal margins. Primary volcanic masses are not exposed on the surface in the adjacent areas. For unraveling the origin of the volcaniclastics, subsurface magnetotelluric as well as surface sedimentological data were examined. Two resistivity profiles of crossed lines ES2 and ES9 represent subsurface basinal and basin-fill structures of the Eumsung Basin. In the basin fills, four high-resistivity bodies of A, B, C, and D were found. Considering the basin-scale structure and forming process of the pull-apart Eumsung Basin, it is reasonable to infer that these isolated high-resistivity bodies formed as a result of volcanic intrusion/extrusion into/upon the basin-fill. Therefore, the coarse-grained volcaniclastic deposits in the central part of the Eumsung Basin can be interpreted as the product of syn-sedimentary deposition of volcaniclastic material that was shed from an exposed part of subsurface volcanics in a relatively short distance. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0028-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776214 | oai_dc | Possible origin of coastal sands and their long-term distribution along the high slope-gradient, wave-dominated eastern coast, Korea | Possible origin of coastal sands and their long-term distribution along the high slope-gradient, wave-dominated eastern coast, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이상훈(한국해양과학기술원); 이희준(한국해양과학기술원); Jun-Yong Park(Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology); Eui Young Jeong(Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology); Jeseon Yoon(Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology); 하호경(인하대학교); 신창웅(한국해양과학기술원); 박찬홍(한국해양과학기술원)"
] | This study aims to investigate possible source and long-term distributional patterns of coastal sands in the high slope-gradient, wave-dominated coast with no large rivers, eastern Korea. Chirp (27 kHz) seismic profiles show that the coastal sand deposits, the uppermost transparent layer, are up to 7.1 m thick off small, mountainous stream mouths, and thins laterally, showing a radial distribution from the stream mouths with a slightly SE-skewed elongated (i.e., alongshore) geometry. These features suggest that the terrigenous coarse sediments emptied by the streams during the summer flash flooding season have been a major source to the adjacent coastal sands. Hydrodynamic measurements with benthic tripod systems indicate that alongshore currents occurring during episodic storms play a significant role in the displacement of the coastal sands toward the southeast, resulting in the slightly SE-skewed elongated (i.e., alongshore) distributional geometry of the sands. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0010-6 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776254 | oai_dc | Indication of colder condition within Holocene period in a freshwater lake in Vestfold Hills area, East Antarctica region | Indication of colder condition within Holocene period in a freshwater lake in Vestfold Hills area, East Antarctica region | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Abhijit Mazumder(Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany); Pawan Govil(Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany); Rasik Ravindra(Minitry of Earth Sciences); Neloy Khare(Minitry of Earth Sciences)"
] | We represent Paleoenvironmetal condition of Vestfold Hills region, based on the relative abundance of a single diatom species Fragilariopsis curta, a dominating sea-ice taxon. Increase in relative abundance of F. curta in a core from Vestfold Hills representing Holocene climatic history before 3820 years BP and 5560 year BP indicates the prevalence of colder climatic conditions, as this species is known to prefer the icier condition to thrive. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0015-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776175 | oai_dc | Reevaluation of Th and U concentrations in marine sediment reference materials using isotope dilution MC-ICP-MS: towards the analytical improvements in dose rate estimation for luminescence dating | Reevaluation of Th and U concentrations in marine sediment reference materials using isotope dilution MC-ICP-MS: towards the analytical improvements in dose rate estimation for luminescence dating | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최정헌(한국기초과학지원연구원); 류종식(한국기초과학지원연구원); 신형선(한국기초과학지원연구원); 김정민(한국기초과학지원연구원); 정창식(한국기초과학지원연구원)"
] | The thorium and uranium concentrations of four marine sediment reference materials (CRMs NIST 1646a, NRCC HISS-1, MESS-3 and PACS-2) were determined using isotope dilution-multiple collector-inductively coupled plasmas-mass spectrometry (ID-MC-ICP-MS), aiming at helping the assessment of reliability in dose rate estimation for luminescence dating. Quintuplicate analyses of the CRMs revealed their intrinsic heterogeneity in the concentration of both elements (up to 23% and 8% for thorium and uranium, respectively, in 2s standard error level) for individual sub-samples of about 100 mg. The thorium and uranium concentrations of all CRMs determined in this study were significantly lower (up to 45%) than the provided or reported informative values, requiring reevaluation of their reference concentrations. The use of informative thorium and uranium concentrations in these CRMs as standard values for elemental analysis of unknown samples will result in overestimated dose rates, and thus age underestimation when applied to luminescence dating techniques. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0023-1 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776234 | oai_dc | Sedimentation rates in Bera Lake (Peninsular Malaysia) using 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotopes | Sedimentation rates in Bera Lake (Peninsular Malaysia) using 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotopes | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Mohammadreza Gharibreza(University of Malaya); John Kuna Raj(University of Malaya); Ismail Yusoff(University of Malaya); Zainudin Othman(Sultan Idris University of Education); Wan Zakaria Wan(Malaysian Nuclear Agency); Mohammad Aqeel Ashraf(University of Malaya)"
] | The evolutionary environmental history of Bera Lake was studied using the fallout radioisotopes137Cs and 210Pb. 317Cs horizons in the all ten studied cores showed a constant rate of 210Pb supply along all distinctive layers in each core. The lithology of layers significantly affected the variation of 210Pb value with depth. The chronology of Bera Lake sediment was conducted using the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model. The 1963 fallout maximum 137Cs from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons found in all selected master cores at the depth of 40 cm. The mean pre-1950 sediment accumulation rate was ranged between 0.06 ± 0.02 and 0.16 ± 0.2 g cm–2 y–1. Environmental impacts of five deforestation projects performed from 1972 to 1995 at the catchment area, contributed significantly toward increasing the sedimentation rate within Bera Lake. Besides the 137Cs horizons, the charcoal horizon at the lower contact of white sandy mud revealed the datum of maximum deforestation in the study area. 210Pb dates using the CRS model correlated historical sediment fluxes to anthropogenic changes in Bera Lake catchment area. Organic-rich sediments deposited mostly at the top of the Bera Lake sediment columns with a mean rate of 0.2 ± 0.1 g cm–2 y–1 since 1994. High biomass productivity of mature oil palm plantations, which were developed in the catchment area, dictated organic-rich deposit distribution. This study highlighted capability of radioisotopes to reconstruct long-term (100–150 years) history of a natural lake at a tropical area where surrounding catchment has extensively deforested over the recent decades. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0013-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776183 | oai_dc | Early Ordovician reefs from the Taebaek Group, Korea: constituents, types, and geological implications | Early Ordovician reefs from the Taebaek Group, Korea: constituents, types, and geological implications | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"조석주(고려대학교); 홍종선(고려대학교); Ning Sun(China University of Geosciences); 권성욱(고려대학교); 박태윤(한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소); Jusun Woo(Korea Polar Research Institute); 권이균(공주대학교); 이동찬(충북대학교); 이동진(안동대학교)"
] | The Early Ordovician (early to middle Floian) bioherms of the Dumugol Formation, Korea, are compiled and their paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic implications are discussed. These reefs are mostly made up of microbialite (stromatolite and thrombolite) and lithistid sponge Archaeoscyphia, with subordinate “receptaculitid” calathids. Three types of reefs are identified based on biotic association and texture: 1) lithistid sponge-microbialite, 2) microbialite (thrombolite) with minor lithistid sponge, and 3) lithistid sponge-microbialite-calathid. The first and third type reefs are surrounded by intraclastic-skeletal packstone to grainstone and overlain by lime mudstone, whereas the second type reefs are surrounded and overlain by bioturbated wackestone and nodule-bearing shale. These relationships appear to reflect varying depositional conditions during development of the reefs. The constituents of the Dumugol reefs are roughly comparable to coeval structures of Laurentia and South China with the exception of the absence of incorporated sessile organisms(i.e., Lichenaria, Pulchrilamina, and bryozoan) and delayed arrival (more than 10 myr) of calathids in the Sino-Korean Craton. This temporal disparity of biotic appearance is probably related to differential dispersal rates and patterns of sessile organisms which are largely controlled by the relative position of landmasses, epicontinental seas and major oceans. Further discovery and study of the Early Ordovician reefs from the Sino-Korean Craton will provide crucial information for understanding migration pathways of sessile organisms and paleogeographic reconstruction of the western margin of Gondwana in the Early Paleozoic. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0024-0 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776217 | oai_dc | Relocation of earthquakes beneath the East Sea of Korea: uncertainty of hypocentral parameters caused by refracted waves | Relocation of earthquakes beneath the East Sea of Korea: uncertainty of hypocentral parameters caused by refracted waves | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yeong-Ah Kang(Gyeongsang National University); 김우한(경상대학교); 강태섭(부경대학교)"
] | In addition to direct waves, refracted (head) waves such as Pn and Sn have been used to determine hypocentral locations, especially when the number of direct waves is inadequate to determine the hypocentral parameters of local earthquakes. However, refracted waves tend to increase errors and the non-uniqueness problems of hypocentral parameters compared with direct waves, if the true velocity structure is not known. Beneath the East Sea of Korea (Japan Sea), conditions for determining hypocentral parameters of earthquakes are unfavorable. To estimate these parameters, this study applied the computational algorithm VELHYPO, which uses the best-fitting velocity model obtained from the results of grid searching methods. The accuracy of hypocentral parameters obtained from direct and different combinations of refracted waves was examined using a synthetic data set. The accuracy tests indicated that hypocentral parameters determined by direct waves alone tend to be more accurate and reliable than those determined by direct and refracted waves combined. The accuracy of hypocentral parameters increases as the grade of the weighting factor for refracted waves decreases when compared with that for direct waves. We relocated 72 earthquakes that occurred beneath the East Sea by applying VELHYPO and giving a lower weighting factor grade to refracted waves than to direct waves. The relocated epicenter distribution shows a close relationship with the regional fault distribution. We compared the hypocentral parameters determined by this study and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0018-y | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776253 | oai_dc | Geochemical analyses on bituminous carbonate reservoir in Alberta, Canada: focusing on the GC/GC-MS results of bitumen | Geochemical analyses on bituminous carbonate reservoir in Alberta, Canada: focusing on the GC/GC-MS results of bitumen | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박명호(한국석유공사); Jiyoung Choi(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); 길영우(전남대학교); 권이균(공주대학교); 김지훈(한국지질자원연구원)"
] | The geochemical study on bituminous carbonate reservoir in Alberta has been performed to document the organic geochemical characteristics of the Grosmont Formation using two drilling cores (SAL 03-34 and SAL 08-01), especially focusing on the GC and GC-MS analyses. The results of GC and GC-MS analyses for the extracted organic matter (EOM) showed that all samples have been severely undergone a biodegradation process. However, the GC-MS data have displayed a little variation among the samples, which may be due to degree/type of biodegradation and the type of microbial activity. Triterpane biomarkers are present in low amounts, and steranes in even lesser amounts. Source and maturity assessments from both biomarkers are limited due to the lack of peaks by advanced biodegradation. The demethylated hopanes, which are typical of biodegraded oils, are not seen in these samples but they are apparently not unusual for the Athabasca tar sands, probably due to the specific type of post-emplacement microbial activity. Triterpanes biomarkers illustrate that a highly anoxic hypersaline source environment has contributed to the original oils, at the same time having anoxic marine carbonate/marl character. There is also tenuous evidence for a post-Triassic source according to the tricyclic terpane ratios. The steranes similarly indicate a marine, possibly carbonate-influenced source. Some of the aromatic compounds could also indicate a marine and anoxic hypersaline sourcing. The available peak ratios and patterns of EOM by GC-MS suggest high maturity, and aromatic parameters infer condensate window level with a vitrinite reflectance equivalent range of ~0.9–1.2%. This could explain the remaining relatively light n-alkanes in the saturated GC chromatograms. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0021-3 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776231 | oai_dc | Ore geology, and H, O, S, Pb, Ar isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, China | Ore geology, and H, O, S, Pb, Ar isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Changming Wang(China University of Geosciences); Xinyu He(China University of Geosciences); Changhai Yan(Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development); Wende Lü(Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development); Weizhi Sun(Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Develo... | The Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit is located in the Qinling superlarge metallogenic belt, China. The Pb-Zn-Ag orebodies are hosted in the Proterozoic Luanchuan Group. The ore types are hydrothermal veins and skarns type. The ore-forming process can be divided into three stages: (1) quartz-pyrite; (2) quartz-sulphide; and (3) quartz-carbonate. This paper used stable and radiogenic isotopes to study the characteristics of the Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit. The temperature and salinity of fluids tend to decrease from the early skarn and quartz- pyrite stages to the late quartz-carbonate stage. The ranges of 18OH2O (SMOW) and DH2O (SMOW) values of the ore-forming fluids range from –0.03 to +4.97‰ and from –83.00 to –72.00‰, respectively. The 34SV-CDT values of pyrite, sphalerite and galena from the skarn-type and hydrothermal-type vein ores range from +0.34 to +5.88‰, which is similar to those of porphyry-type Mo-W deposits in the area, but is different from those in the strata. The sulphur in both types of ores may have been derived from magmatic sources. The ranges of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios in the sulphide ores are 17.457–17.765, 15.423–15.606 and 37.712–39.012, respectively, which are comparable with those of feldspars in porphyry granites in the Nannihu ore field and less radiogenic than those in the host strata. These new data support the likelihood that the fluids and metals associated with Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit were carried by the porphyry magmatic system. The 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 137.9 ± 0.4 Ma age obtained from the Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit is likely its mineralization age. This paper is useful not only for interpretation of the genesis of the magmatic-hydrothermal deposits but also significant for mineral exploration in the area especially for finding large deposits in large magmatic districts where various types of base metal deposits might occur. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0011-5 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776189 | oai_dc | Sedimentation and seafloor mound formation in the southern slope of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea, since the Last Glacial Maximum | Sedimentation and seafloor mound formation in the southern slope of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea, since the Last Glacial Maximum | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박장준(한국지질자원연구원); 유동근(한국지질자원연구원); In kwon Um(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); 이상훈(한국해양과학기술원); 우경식(강원대학교)"
] | Detailed analysis of core sediments and acoustic characteristics of Chirp sub-bottom profiles from a submarine ridge in the southern slope of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea, reveals changes in sedimentary processes and deformation of sedimentary sequence induced by seafloor mound formation since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The core sediments consist generally of four sedimentary facies which represent hemipelagic sedimentation under a poorly-oxygenated bottom-water condition during the LGM (crudely laminated mud), shoreface erosion and seaward transport off the shelf break during the post-glacial transgression (bioturbated sandy mud or muddy sand), hemipelagic sedimentation under generally well-oxygenated bottom-water condition after the sea-level rise (bioturbated mud), and episodic precipitation of authigenic carbonates by methane venting since the LGM (authigenic carbonate-bearing mud), respectively. The formation of authigenic carbonate-bearing mud facies and associated accumulation of near-seafloor gas hydrates might have led to up-warping of the sediment cover since the LGM that resulted in the seafloor mounds protruding along the crest line of the ridge. The effects of up-warping by expansion of the subsurface gas hydrates are firstly manifested in this paper by the abrupt lateral changes in the sedimentary facies distribution and uplifted acoustic reflectors between the mounds and the background seafloor. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0017-z | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001776227 | oai_dc | Analyzing groundwater change on a volcanic island caused by the impact of the M9 Sumatra earthquake | Analyzing groundwater change on a volcanic island caused by the impact of the M9 Sumatra earthquake | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jae-Yeol Cheong(Korea Radioactive Waste Management Corporation); 함세영(부산대학교); 김상현(부산대학교); Soo-Hyoung Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource); 우남칠(연세대학교); 김규범(한국수자원공사 수자원연구원)"
] | Changes in groundwater level have been recognized by the earthquakes at various epicentral distances. The M9 Sumatra earthquake resulted in changes in the groundwater level, electrical conductivity, and temperature in monitoring wells on Jeju Island, South Korea. In regions of different groundwater type (basal, lower parabasal, upper parabasal, and high-level groundwater), the changes in the groundwater levels at 25 monitoring wells ranged between 4.0 and 49.5 cm; changes in the electrical conductivity at six monitoring wells ranged between 1 and 27,975 mS/cm; and the changes in water temperature at three wells ranged between 0.02 and 1.37 ûC. The irregular groundwater level changes at different locations on the island due to the earthquake reflect various interactions between hydrological properties and seismological processes. The impact of the earthquake was successfully recognized via transfer function modeling between the time series of groundwater level and the tidal oscillation. On the basis of the theoretical aquifer response to the earthquake, storage coefficient estimates for aquifers, which could not be determined from the single-well pumping tests, were determined to be within the range of 1.22•10–4–3.51•10–6. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-013-0012-4 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001670183 | oai_dc | Volcanological and paleoenvironmental implications of charcoals of the Nari Formation in Nari Caldera, Ulleung Island, Korea | Volcanological and paleoenvironmental implications of charcoals of the Nari Formation in Nari Caldera, Ulleung Island, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"임지현(경북대학교); 심성호(경북대학교); 추창오(경북대학교); Yun Deuk Jang(Kyungpook National University); 이종신(충남대학교)"
] | The volcanic activity of Ulleung Island generated considerable amount of pyroclastic materials composed of volcanic ash, lapilli tuff, pumice, and breccia, during the period ranging from the Pleistocene to the Holocene. The Nari Formation exposed in the southern part of the Nari caldera can be divided into four units; Nari-I, Nari-II, Nari-III and Nari-IV. Nari-I, Nari-II, and Nari-III are characterized by dense gray pumice, white and gray pumices, and brown and black pumices, respectively. In this study, we dated radiocarbon ages and identified species of four charcoal fragments collected from the pumiceous deposits of Nari-I and Nari-II. Radiocarbon ages for Nari-I and Nari-II are 15,880 ± 60~15,560 ± 100 BP and 7,660 ± 40~7,600 ± 40 BP, respectively. Calibrated ages from these ages are 19,055 ± 95~18,840 ± 150 cal BP for Nari-I and 8,465 ± 75~8,400 ± 40 cal BP for Nari-II. This result indicates that the interval between Nari-I and Nari-II might be about 10,000 years. Nari-III was formed after 5,600 cal BP that records the youngest age data correlated with Nari-II. Therefore, it can be concluded that Albong lava dome, the youngest volcanic activity of the island, is more likely to cease a few thousands of years ago. On the basis of the anatomical characteristics of the charcoal fragments, they were identified to be Picea spp. and Fagus crenata. To summarize, the paleovegetation around the Nari caldera consisted of Picea spp. until 19,055~18,840 cal BP and Fagus crenata, representing a broadleaf forest of Ulleung Island at present, flourished after about 8,465 cal BP | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0020-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001670284 | oai_dc | Impact assessment of heavy metal pollution in the municipal lake water, Yaounde, Cameroon | Impact assessment of heavy metal pollution in the municipal lake water, Yaounde, Cameroon | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"권지철(세종대학교); Ekengele Nga Léopold(University of Ngaoundere); 정명채(세종대학교); Ekodeck Georges Emmanuel(University of Yaounde); Mbome Lape Israël(Cameroon); 김기현(University of Yaounde)"
] | The objectives of this study are to evaluate the extent of heavy metal pollution in water at the Municipal Lake of Yaounde, and to find out their variability and origin. Water from fifteen selected sites of the lake and River Mingoa, Cameroon was sampled in August 16th of 2005 and 2006 and in 30th August 2007 during the minor dry season; and subjected to the analyses of physico-chemical parameters and various elements. In addition, multivariate data analysis techniques including principal component analysis (PCA) were utilized to determine the variations in heavy metal content in the Municipal Lake water and their natural or anthropogenic sources. The chemical results indicated that concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb in the study area exceeded the drinking water quality and they would pose health risk for users of these waters. This is evidence that River Mingoa, the main tributary to the Municipal Lake is the main collector of pollutants from activities in the sloping side of the Municipal Lake. Based on the multivariate statistical analysis, very high positive correlations were observed between elements, and five factors computed from PCA explained 86.6% of total variance. These factor loadings are mainly controlled by anthropogenic inputs, lithogenic processes during weathering progress of natural parent materials and local geology | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0012-9 | kci_detailed_000233.xml | ||
ART001670191 | oai_dc | Tidal channel distribution in relation to surface sedimentary facies based on remotely sensed data | Tidal channel distribution in relation to surface sedimentary facies based on remotely sensed data | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"엄진아(연세대학교); Jong-Kuk Choi(Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute); 류주형(Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute); Han Jun Woo(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); 원중선(연세대학교); Seok Jang(Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute)"
] | Tidal channel networks are important factors influencing the morphodynamics of tidal flats and surface sedimentary facies. Here we investigate the relationship between channel distribution and sedimentary facies in Geunso Bay tidal flat, Korea. The tidal channel networks were extracted from a high spatial resolution aerial photograph, and for each sedimentary facies the pattern of tidal channel distribution was compared in terms of fractal analysis, channel density, and distance from the channel. The tidal channels in each sediment facies had relatively constant meandering patterns, but the density and complexity were distinguishable. The second fractal dimension was 1.87 in the mud flat, 1.41 in the mixed flat, and about 1.30 in the sand flat. The channel density was 0.036–0.06 m/m2 in the mud flat and 0–0.024 m/m2 in the mixed and sand flat areas. This implies that the tidal channels in the mud flat area represent a complex and dendritic pattern with high density compared to those in the mixed or sand flat areas. The results were used to test the applicability of adjusting sedimentary facies classification generated from interpolation of survey data. We quantitatively estimated the pattern of tidal channel distribution for each sedimentary facies based on a high spatial resolution aerial photograph. We suggest that tidal channel network features can be useful to surface sedimentary facies classification in tidal flats | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0015-6 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001670197 | oai_dc | Sedimentological, geochemical and geomorphological factors in formation of coastal dunes and nebkha fields in Miankaleh coastal barrier system (Southeast of Caspian Sea, North Iran) | Sedimentological, geochemical and geomorphological factors in formation of coastal dunes and nebkha fields in Miankaleh coastal barrier system (Southeast of Caspian Sea, North Iran) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Arash Amini(Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran); Reza Moussavi-Harami(Ferdowsi University of Mashhad); Hamid Lahijani(Iranian National Institute for Oceanography); Asaddollah Mahboubi(Iranian National Institute for Oceanography)"
] | Miankaleh coastal barrier system has about 71 km length with an average of 3 km width in southeast of Caspian Sea. Forty sandy samples, collected from 5 coastal dune zones, in Miankaleh were analyzed compositionally, texturally and chemically and 31 samples from 4 nebkha field zones were analyzed for textural and geomorphological interpretation. Samples from stoss and lee sides of coastal dunes and nebkha dune field are mainly composed of medium to fine grains of sand that are well sorted, fine skewed and leptokurtic. Modal analyses of coastal dune sands show that they comprise 61% quartz, 14.74% feldspar and 24.26% rock fragments. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) value in coastal dune samples is high because of relatively warm and humid climatic condition with high amount of feldspar and rock fragments. Sedimentary and plutonic rock fragments are more than the other lithic fragments in sand samples. Nekaroud is the main source of sediments supply and as move to the east, the amount of Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO and heavy minerals in coastal dune sands decreases. The changes of the ratios of Al2O3/Na2O and Rb/Sr can be used to evaluate the CIA value in the study area. High Zr value is another evidence of high zircon content and recycled sedimentary rocks in the source area. From west to the east, sand moving power index (M) decreases and active coastal dunes change to dormant coastal dunes. There is no coastal dune in the eastern and southern parts of the study area. Based on concentration, stabilization, height and biological cover, nebkha dune fields are classified into 4 zones. There is a meaningful relationship between different morphometrical parameters | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0014-7 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001670209 | oai_dc | Distribution of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments and their bioaccumulation in the crab Macrophthalmus japonicas in the coastal areas of Korea | Distribution of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments and their bioaccumulation in the crab Macrophthalmus japonicas in the coastal areas of Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"나춘기(목포대학교); 박현주(서울대학교)"
] | Levels of heavy metal concentrations in crab, Macrophthalmus japonicas, and in surface sediments from tidal flats in the western and southern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula were assessed in terms of metal pollution and bioaccumulation. Metal concentrations in tidal flat sediments varied considerably at various sites, mostly because of the high variability of pollutants commonly found in the area. Levels of some metals in the sediments exceeded the minimum concentration guidelines effects-range, leading to the expectation of adverse biological effects. The pollution index associated with different metals varied greatly and indicated that As, Cr, Cu and Pb contamination is relatively high in the coastal areas of Korea. The combined pollution index ranged from 0.49 to 2.88 and spatial distribution analysis indicated that runoff from an abandoned metal mine and from a variety of other industries are the main sources of metal pollution. Bulk metal concentrations in crabs showed no significant relationship with size but significant differences with sex: levels of most non-essential metals were significantly higher in females than in males, but levels of essential metals such as Cu and Zn showed no significant difference associated with sex. The concentrations of most metals in crabs were significantly positively related to those in sediments, indicating the usefulness of crabs as a bioindicator for metal pollution assessments in tidal flats. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were in the order of Cu>Cd>Zn>As>Ni>Pb>Cr and tended to be significantly inversely related to exposure concentrations. This indicates that other factors, besides BAF, also need to be taken into account when assessing the hazard potential of particular metals | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0019-2 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001670227 | oai_dc | Opposite-side radargrammetry of Magellan synthetic aperture radar on Venus | Opposite-side radargrammetry of Magellan synthetic aperture radar on Venus | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이훈열(Kangwon National University)"
] | In the early 1990s, synthetic aperture radar onboard Magellan spacecraft has imaged 54% of the Venusian surface in the opposite-side stereo configuration while only 21% in the same-side. Much of the data for the opposite-side radargrammetry (OSR) on Venus were underutilized due to higher topographic distortion than the same-side radargrammetry (SSR). In this paper, the performance and limitations of the OSR are demonstrated based on an example over Lullin impact crater, Venus. The initial stereo match points are classified into three categories; GOOD, BAD, and TOPO, and different methods are suggested for each category to improve the quality of digital elevation model. Large areas of gentle slope on Venusian volcanic plain can be successfully matched using conventional stereo-matching algorithm. Image contrast of featureless surface can be improved by enlarging the master image patch at a cost of spatial resolution, while high to moderate relief regions need further treatments such as radarclinometry. Utilization of OSR is expected to provide additional DEM dataset of Venus and to give flexibility for the design of future planetary SAR missions | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0016-5 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001670236 | oai_dc | Inter-satellite atmospheric and radiometric correction for the retrieval of Landsat sea surface temperature by using Terra MODIS data | Inter-satellite atmospheric and radiometric correction for the retrieval of Landsat sea surface temperature by using Terra MODIS data | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"한향선(강원대학교); Hoonyol Lee(Kangwon National University)"
] | Thermal infrared images of Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ sensors have been unrivalled sources of high resolution thermal remote sensing (120 m for TM and 60 m for ETM+) for more than two decades. As the sensors have only one thermal channel, however, the correction of atmospheric effect has been virtually limited, degrading the accuracy of sea surface temperature (SST) measurement. Launched in 1999, MODIS sensor onboard Terra satellite is equipped with two thermal channels that can provide accurate atmospheric correction at 1 km resolution. In this paper we propose an inter-satellite calibration method to correct the radiometric and atmospheric effect of Landsat brightness temperature by using the atmospherically corrected Terra MODIS SST which lags Landsat pass by 30 minutes only. Comparison of the corrected Landsat SST with in situ SST near the coast of South Korea showed a significant improvement in root mean square error from 2.31 ûC before the correction to 0.96 ûC after the correction. Errors from spatial and temporal inhomogeneities over 1 km × 1 km window could be masked out by identifying negative correction term and applying a root mean square deviation criterion between Landsat and MODIS SSTs. We expect that Landsat SST product obtained after the launch of Terra can be atmospherically corrected by using the method proposed in this paper while maintaining the merit of high-resolution Landsat thermal infrared imagery | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0017-4 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001670248 | oai_dc | Impacts of GIS data quality on determination of runoff and suspended sediments in the Imha watershed in Korea | Impacts of GIS data quality on determination of runoff and suspended sediments in the Imha watershed in Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jeongkon Kim(K-water Research Institute); Joonwoo Noh(K-water Research Institute); Kyungho Son(University of California); Ikjae Kim(Santa Barbara)"
] | Excessive soil loss during heavy rainfall results in serious turbid water problem in the reservoir. For the purpose of efficient turbid water management in the upland area of the Imha watershed in Korea, this study applied SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) for assessment of the soil erosion and attempted to evaluate the impact of GIS data on model response to test the model efficiency. First, the outputs of runoff and suspended sediment were investigated corresponding to the various DEM grid sizes (i.e., 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 m). Further analysis was based on the 8 different scenarios combining with different scales of land use (i.e., 1:25,000 and 1:50,000) and soil type maps (i.e., 1:50,000 and 1:250,000) associated with two different DEM grid sizes. Statistical analysis of the simulated results revealed that model efficiency improved with 30 m resolution DEMs for estimation of runoff and suspended sediment. However, no significant improvement was expected associated with detailed scales of land cover and soil maps. The findings of this study will contribute to select the quality of GIS data, with no expense of the accuracy of model prediction to simulate runoff and suspended sediments | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0013-8 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001670186 | oai_dc | Daijima-type conifer wood assemblage of the Hatamura Formation (Middle Miocene) in the Akita Prefecture, Japan | Daijima-type conifer wood assemblage of the Hatamura Formation (Middle Miocene) in the Akita Prefecture, Japan | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정은경(전북대학교); 김경식(전북대학교); Mitsuo Suzuki(Tohoku University); Kazuhiko Uemura(National Museum of Nature and Sciences)"
] | The paleofloral change from the Aniai-type to the Daijima-type during the Miocene is the most distinctive and representative one of the six floral changes in the Japanese Archipelago during the Tertiary. These floral types are based mainly on compressed or imprinted leaf fossils. In Korea, the transition-type between the Aniai- and Daijima-type floras has been proposed based on the fossil wood assemblages, and the Hatamura Formation, which is the same age as the Daijima Formation, has yielded abundant fossil woods. To confirm whether the fossil wood assemblages are in agreement with the paleofloras inferred from fossil leaves, the fossil woods from the Hatamura Formation were studied. We found that warm temperate and daijiman elements, such as Keteleeria, Taxodioxylon cunninghamioides, T. sequoianum and Pinus, were present in the Hatamura Formation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fossil wood types from the Hatamura Formation agree well with the Daijima-type Flora. This result, in turn, verifies the existence of transitional flora between the Aniai- and Daijima-types in Northeastern Asia | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0018-3 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701541 | oai_dc | Estimation of the CO2 storage capacity of the structural traps in the southern Jeju Basin, offshore southern Korea, northern East China Sea | Estimation of the CO2 storage capacity of the structural traps in the southern Jeju Basin, offshore southern Korea, northern East China Sea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Gwang H. Lee(Pukyong National University); Bumsuk Lee(Pukyong National University); Bo-Yeon Yi(Pukyong National University); Keumsuk Lee(Korea National Oil Corporation); Myong-ho Park(Korea National Oil Corporation); Han-Joon Kim(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Hai-Soo Yoo(Korea Ocean Research and... | We analyzed 2-D seismic and well-log data from the southern Jeju Basin, offshore southern Korea, northern East China Sea to estimate the CO2 storage capacity of the structural traps in the area. Sand intervals with >10-m gross thickness were identified from the gamma-ray logs and their porosity was estimated from the neutron logs corrected for the shale effect. A total of 14 structural closures was delineated from the depth-converted maps of the sand intervals. Seismic inversion and multi-attribute transform were performed to predict the reservoir quality (i.e., porosity) of the closures away from the well control. The total storage capacity of the closures was estimated from the deterministic, volumetric method, based on the published storage efficiency parameters. The estimated CO2 storage capacity for the 14 closures is about 302 Mt, comparable to the CO2 emission (ca. 530 Mt) of Korea in 2009 | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0026-3 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701481 | oai_dc | P-T modeling of margarite + anorthite-bearing Al-rich metapelites in the Taebaeksan basin, South Korea: implications for accretion-related metamorphism during the Late Permian–Triassic orogeny | P-T modeling of margarite + anorthite-bearing Al-rich metapelites in the Taebaeksan basin, South Korea: implications for accretion-related metamorphism during the Late Permian–Triassic orogeny | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김형수(경북대학교)"
] | Greenschist-facies Al-rich metapelites of the Pyeongan Supergroup in the eastern part of the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea, contain unusual mineral assemblages, including the associations Mrg + Cld + Ms ± Chl ± Cal, An + Mrg + Ms, and An + Ms ± Grt ± St (all rocks contain Qtz). The XMrg [Ca/(Ca + Na + K)] and XPa [Na/(Ca + Na + K)] values of margarite range from 0.12 to 0.92 and from 0.10 to 0.28, respectively. High-Ca plagioclase porphyroblasts are slightly zoned, from An85 in the core to An98 in the rim. The Mrg + Cld-bearing assemblage yields P-T conditions of ca. 450–480 °C, 4.0–5.0 kbar based on the intersection of isopleths of Fe/(Fe + Mg) of chloritoid and XPa of margarite in the MnO–Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (MnNCKFMASH) system. The anorthite-bearing mineral assemblages yield P-T conditions of ca. 480–520 °C, 3.8–4.4 kbar, and the An contents of plagioclase increased during decompression rather than during heating, based on isopleths of An content and the modal proportion of plagioclase. Phase relations in T-XCO2 pseudosections at 4 kbar in the CASH–CO2 system indicate that anorthite in the Al-rich metapelites grew during the consumption of margarite at XCO2 values of ca. 0.2–0.5 during sub-isothermal decompression at temperatures of 480–500 °C. Consequently, the overall P-T path for the formation of chloritoid, margarite and anorthite is characterized by relatively rapid compressional heating up to 480 °C at 5.0 kbar (geothermal gradient of 27–30 °C/km), followed by sub-isothermal retrograde decompression. This clockwise P-T path in the eastern part of the Taebaeksan Basin reflects the effects of the Late Permian–Triassic Songrim orogeny, which probably occurred at an accretionary forearc-related active continental margin. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0024-5 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701488 | oai_dc | The Okcheon Supergroup in the Lake Chungju area, Korea: Neoproterozoic volcanic and glaciogenic sedimentary successions in a rift basin | The Okcheon Supergroup in the Lake Chungju area, Korea: Neoproterozoic volcanic and glaciogenic sedimentary successions in a rift basin | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최덕근(서울대학교); Jusun Woo(Seoul National University); 박태윤(한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소)"
] | The Okcheon Belt in southern Korea is an NE-SW trending fold-and-thrust belt consisting of two sedimentary basins of different origins: namely, the Chungcheong Basin and the Taebaeksan Basin. The Chungcheong Basin was a Neoproterozoic rift basin belonging to the South China Craton, while the Taebaeksan Basin was a Paleozoic shallow marine to non-marine sedimentary basin fringing the Sino-Korean Craton. These two basins merged to form the Okcheon Belt in the early Triassic by the collision of Sino-Korean and South China cratons and their boundary is currently demarcated by the South Korean Tectonic Line. The Okcheon Supergroup is herein refined to include the Neoproterozoic volcanic and glaciogenic sedimentary successions deposited in the Chungcheong Basin and is divided into the two groups: the Chungju Group consists of the Gyemyeongsan Formation, Hyangsanni Dolomite, and Daehyangsan Quartzite and the Suanbo Group is proposed to include the Munjuri, Hwanggangni, Myeongori, and Gounni formations in ascending order. The Myeongori Formation is emended to comprise the Geumgang Limestone and the Seochangni members. This lithostratigraphic scheme is correlatable with that of the Nanhua Basin in South China, suggesting that the Chungcheong Basin was an eastward extension of the Nanhua Basin during the Neoproterozoic. The geological structure of the Okcheon Supergroup in the Lake Chungju area is characterized by a number of isoclinal to tight, frequently overturned, anticlines and synclines. No major thrust faults were recognized within the study area, except the constraining bend of the South Korean Tectonic Line. Three deformational phases are empirically differentiated: D1 deformation most strongly affected the rocks of the Okcheon Supergroup; D2 deformation was produced by the collision between the Sino-Korean and South China cratons; and D3 deformation is represented by normal to strike-slip faults. D1, D2 and D3 deformational phases are referred to the Okcheon (mid-Paleozoic), Songnim (Triassic) and/or Daebo (Jurassic) orogenies, and post-Jurassic events, respectively. The Chungcheong Basin was initiated as a part of an intracratonic rift basin (Nanhua Basin) within the South China Craton in association with early Neoproterozoic break-up event of the supercontinent Rodinia. The bimodal volcanic succession of the Gyemyeongsan Formation corresponds to the initial rift episode of the Chungcheong Basin, and was succeeded by shallow marine Hyangsanni Dolomite and Daehyangsan Quartzite. The second phase of rifting at ~750 Ma accumulated a thick bimodal volcanic succession of the Munjuri Formation which is overlain by the diamictites of the Hwanggangni Formation representing the Cryogenian global glacial event, snowball Earth. The immediately-succeeding cap carbonate, Geumgang Limestone Member of the Myeongori Formation, recorded the deglaciation event. The Seochangni Member of the Myeongori Formation is characterized by dark gray slate/phyllite facies indicating a poorly-oxygenated basin during the Ediacaran. No stratigraphic unit overlying the Gounni Formation, the youngest Neoproterozoic formation of the Okcheon Supergroup, occurs in the Lake Chungju area, and thus little is known on the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Chungcheong Basin. It is inferred that the medium-pressure type regional metamorphism and the predominance of ductile deformation of the Okcheon Supergroup can be attributed to the mid-Paleozoic Okcheon Orogeny which would have been in line with the Wuyun Orogeny of South China. The South China and Sino-Korean cratons should have been drifted away from the Gondwana sometime during the mid-Paleozoic and collided to form the East Asian continent at ~250 Ma. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0031-6 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701497 | oai_dc | Geometry and kinematics of the Ocheon Fault System along the boundary between the Miocene Pohang and Janggi basins, SE Korea, and its tectonic implications | Geometry and kinematics of the Ocheon Fault System along the boundary between the Miocene Pohang and Janggi basins, SE Korea, and its tectonic implications | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"천영범(부산대학교); 손문(부산대학교); 송철우(부산대학교); 김종선(부산대학교); 손영관(경상대학교)"
] | Detailed geological mapping and observations of various structural elements were made in order to determine the geometry and kinematics of the Ocheon Fault System (OFS) along the boundary between the Early Miocene Janggi and the Middle Miocene Pohang basins, SE Korea, and to reveal its roles on the basin evolutions. The OFS is a NE-trending relayed fault system composed of a number of NE or NNE-trending normal-slip and sinistral-normal oblique-slip faults, and has a scissor fault geometry decreasing in vertical offset southwestward. The constituent faults created independent grabens or half-grabens on the hanging-walls for the deposition of the Early or Middle Miocene strata. The OFS was initially the northwestern border fault of the Janggi Basin which acted as normal faults by the WNW-ESE tensional stress associated with the NNW-directed dextral simple shear caused by the East Sea opening. Afterwards, it experienced clockwise rotation with change of slip sense from normal-slip to sinistral-normal oblique-slip in response to the progressive dextral simple shear. At about 17 Ma, the shear stress propagating westward was released rapidly by the dextral strike-slip faulting of the NNW-trending Yeonil Tectonic Line (YTL) and the normal faulting of the NNE-trending western border faults of the Pohang Basin. At that time, the depocenter suddenly migrated northward and the depositional environment also changed rapidly from terrestrial to marine due to dramatic subsidence of the Pohang Basin. The Pohang Basin is interpreted to be a pull-apart basin extended at releasing bend/overstep between two PDZs (Principal Displacement Zones), i.e., the YTL and probably the East Korea Fault. The OFS was also reactivated as the eastern border faults of the Pohang Basin. In contrast to the western border faults, the OFS was rotated clockwise and could not be linked with the YTL because of its scissor fault geometry. Our results suggest that the NNW-trending regional dextral shear stress persisted for a considerable period of time in SE Korea during the East Sea opening, supporting the pull-apart opening of the East Sea rather than the fan-shaped opening. Most of the previous studies advocating the pull-apart opening emphasize the role of the NNE-trending strike-slip faults, like the Yangsan fault and OFS, as PDZs. In contrast, this study suggests that the NNE-trending faults in SE Korea acted as major normal faults at releasing bends or stepovers in the NNW-trending dextral fault system during the East Sea opening | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0029-0 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701521 | oai_dc | Locating plume sources of multiple chlorinated contaminants in groundwater by analyzing seasonal hydrological responses in an industrial complex, Wonju, Korea | Locating plume sources of multiple chlorinated contaminants in groundwater by analyzing seasonal hydrological responses in an industrial complex, Wonju, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"양재하(서울대학교); 이강근(서울대학교)"
] | An area accommodating various industrial facilities has fairly high probability of groundwater contamination with multiple chlorinated solvents. Source identification of multiple chlorinated solvents is an essential procedure for the management and remediation of contaminated groundwater. Hydrogeologic investigations and periodic collection of groundwater chemical data in an industrial complex in Wonju, Korea were used for the source identification of multiple chlorinated solvents. In this study, an example is presented highlighting the potential impact of seasonal rainfall events as the key factor for discriminating between contaminant sources. This method was effective in identifying and allocating sources of small contaminant plumes masked by a major contaminant plume. The apparent main sources of high concentration multiple chlorinated contaminants such as trichloroethene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform were located in the uppermost area of the study site. By using the proposed method, additional contaminant source locations were identified. This result demonstrates that source allocation is effective by using simply concentration data under the influence of temporal groundwater recharge. When this method is incorporated with compound-specific stable isotope analysis based on the chemical evolution of the chlorinated contaminants, the source identification results can be more decisive in a complex study area with multiple overlapping plumes | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0028-1 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701557 | oai_dc | Evaluating the monthly and interannual variation of net primary production in response to climate in Wuhan during 2001 to 2010 | Evaluating the monthly and interannual variation of net primary production in response to climate in Wuhan during 2001 to 2010 | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wei Gong(Wuhan University); Lunche Wang(Wuhan University); Aiwen Lin(Wuhan University); Miao Zhang(Wuhan University)"
] | As the difference between photosynthesis, or gross primary productivity (GPP), and autotrophic respiration (RA), net primary productivity (NPP) is a key component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The temporal and spatial response of NPP to climate change is thus one of the most important aspects in the study of climate-vegetation relationship. In this study, we developed a new method to estimate NPP accurately by finding a linear relationship between solar radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and improving maximum light use efficiency (LUE) of vegetation, which could be adopted and used in other regions of the world. We utilize normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 to 2010 and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to reveal the monthly and interannual change of NPP in Wuhan, China. We also applied the lagged cross-correlation analysis method to study the delayed and continuous effects on monthly and interannual variations of NPP to climatic factors (air temperature, precipitation, total radiation and sunshine percentage). The result showed that precipitation and total radiation were the major climatic factors influencing monthly variation of NPP, and sunshine percentage mostly determined the interannual variation of NPP for different vegetation. Monthly NPP showed significant positive correlation with total radiation of that month, and the effect could persist for one month; significant positive one month lagged correlation was also observed between monthly variation of NPP and precipitation, and the influences of changing climate on NPP would last for two months | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0025-4 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701507 | oai_dc | Demise of an extensive biostromal microbialite in the Furongian (late Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation, Shandong Province, China | Demise of an extensive biostromal microbialite in the Furongian (late Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation, Shandong Province, China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이정현(서울대학교); Jitao Chen(Seoul National University); S.K. Chough(Seoul National University)"
] | This study focuses on an extensive biostromal microbialite (10–20 m in thickness and over 6,000 km2 in area) and the overlying grainstones in the Furongian Chaomidian Formation, Shandong Province, China in order to understand the demise of the microbialite. The microbialites are characterized by centimeter- to decimeter-scale maze-like maceria structures and/or chaotic mesostructures. According to the megastructures of microbialites and the proportion of non-microbial carbonate sediment, the biostromal microbialite is generally divided into the lower and the upper parts, separated by a distinct surface. The lower part is laterally continuous and generally flat-bedded, whereas the upper part shows variable domal megastructures and locally co-occurs with abundant non-microbial carbonate sediment. The entire microbialite bed is sharply overlain by grainstone-dominated deposits via an erosion surface which is either irregular with significant relief or flat with hematitic coating. The lower part of the biostromal microbialites with flat-bedded megastructures most likely deposited contemporaneously during sea-level highstand in the early middle Furongian, as evinced by well-correlated flat-bedded units separated by distinct bounding surfaces. The microbialites formed regional topographic variation, generally deepening toward southeast. The flat-bedded microbialites were drowned by subsequent rapid rise in sea level. In the topographic highs, the microbialites caught up with sea-level rise, forming large-scale domal megastructures. In the topographic lows, however, domal microbialites formed together with abundant non-microbial sediment, which were frequently reworked by storm-induced waves and currents. Subsequent deposition and migration of coarse-grained non-microbial sediment during sea-level rise terminated the entire microbialites | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0027-2 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701551 | oai_dc | Micellar solubilization of multi-component non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) by Tween 80 | Micellar solubilization of multi-component non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) by Tween 80 | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정훈영(부산대학교)"
] | Non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) at contaminated sites often consist of multiple organic pollutants. In this study, the solubilization behavior of multi-component NAPLs was examined for the ternary mixtures of TCEPCEoctane, PCEo-xyleneoctane, and hexaneoctanedecane in Tween 80 solutions. In the TCEPCEoctane mixtures, the most hydrophobic octane exhibited the enhanced solubilization compared with that predicted by the ideal behavior, but the least hydrophobic TCE showed the decreased solubilization. In reference to the ideal solubilization, PCE, the intermediate hydrophobic component in the mixtures, was less solubilized in an octane-rich region but more solubilized in a TCE-rich region. Similarly, in the PCEo-xyleneoctane mixtures, the relatively hydrophobic octane was preferentially solubilized, whereas the less hydrophobic PCE and o-xylene were outcompeted. The mutual effect on the solubilization between PCE and o-xylene was not significant due to the small difference in their hydrophobicity. Compared with the preceding NAPL mixtures, the hexaneoctanedecane mixtures showed the lesser extent of the nonideal solubilization behavior, which might be attributed to the proximity in the hydrophobicity and molecular structure among these components. Thus, the nonideal solubilization behavior in NAPL mixtures was largely controlled by the relative hydrophobicity among NAPL components | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0023-6 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701545 | oai_dc | Changes in groundwater level and temperature induced by distant earthquakes | Changes in groundwater level and temperature induced by distant earthquakes | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Xiaolong Sun(China Earthquake Administration); Yaowei Liu(China Earthquake Administration)"
] | We analyzed the co-seismic responses of groundwater level and temperature in the Tayuan Well, Beijing, China, induced by 85 distant earthquakes over the period from January 2004 to July 2009. The results show that the Tayuan Well records earthquakes worldwide and that the co-seismic response shows the following pattern: water-level oscillation, temperature decrease, oscillations stop, return to normal temperature. The amplitudes of changes in water level and temperature are related to the earthquake magnitude and the distance to the epicenter. We discuss the mechanisms of the decrease in water temperature during the period of oscillations in water level, and the mechanisms of the temperature increase subsequent to the cessation of oscillations. We also analyze the results of previous studies on co-seismic response mechanisms, and consider the mechanisms of gas escape, heat diffusion, and cold-water seepage. These mechanisms may have induced the decrease in water temperature recorded in the present study, and the subsequent return to normal temperatures was due to heat exchange between the well water and the surrounding wall rock | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0022-7 | kci_detailed_000234.xml | ||
ART001701513 | oai_dc | Geomorphic evidences of active faulting in the northwestern Ganga Plain, India: implications for the impact of basement structures | Geomorphic evidences of active faulting in the northwestern Ganga Plain, India: implications for the impact of basement structures | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Pradeep K. Goswami(Kumaun University)"
] | Active faults of the densely forest covered northwestern part of the Ganga Plain have been identified and mapped on the basis of geomorphic signatures as observed in the Digital Terrain Models, remote sensing data and field. The structural limit between the Ganga Plain and Himalaya in the north is defined by the Himalayan Frontal thrust (HFT), which is a direct consequence of the compression resulting from collision of Indian and Eurasian plates and present day principal displacement zone between them. This HFT is offset by dip-slip, oblique-slip and strike-slip faults, extending transversely through the Ganga Basin. Analysis of these faults in conjunction with the available geological and subsurface geophysical data reveals that the development of some of these transverse faults is localized along basement highs of the basin. These faults tear asunder the Himalayan thrust sheets and may have developed during the collision either because of a rheological contrast between the basement highs and adjacent sedimentary fill, or a lateral change in cover thickness across the basement highs, or due to the reactivation of pre-existing basement faults.
The continuous pressing and prodding by these basement highs have caused bending of the strata, leading to conspicuous bending of the mountain belt. One of the tear faults has formed as a result of the along-strike propagation of an oblique ramp of the Main Boundary thrust (MBT), along which the Lesser Himalayan succession is thrust over the Siwalik. In addition to these tear faults,some transverse faults of limited lateral extent, cutting through the mountain belt and basin, may have formed during the last event of deformation along the HFT zone. | 지질학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-012-0030-7 | kci_detailed_000234.xml |
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