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ART001329367 | oai_dc | Hydrothermal alteration and isotopic variations of igneous rocks in Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica | Hydrothermal alteration and isotopic variations of igneous rocks in Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Dongbok Shin(Kongju National University); Jong-Ik Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); 황정(Daejeon University); Soon-Do Hur(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | O, H, S and Sr isotopes were investigated to characterize the nature of hydrothermal fluids and alteration processes in volcanic and intrusive rocks in Barton Peninsula, King George Island. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of altered basaltic andesite and granodiorite are similar to each other. The 18O and D values gradually decrease from altered basaltic andesite to altered dyke and quartz-veined volcaniclastic rock. The genetic linkage between hydrothermal fluid and granodiorite intrusion accounts for similar 34S values among sulfide minerals, both in the granodiorite stock and in nearby altered basaltic andesite. Broadly positive correlations of 18O-SiO2, 18O-(87Sr/86Sr)i, and 87Sr/86Sr-SiO2 can be established by siliceous fluids enriched in 18O as well as 87Sr. In addition, a positive relationship between (87Sr/86Sr)i values and 1/Sr contents in basaltic andesites can result from mixing between fresh rocks and infiltrating fluids with different endmember 87Sr/86Sr values and Sr contents. The hyperbolic variation of (87Sr/86Sr)i-K/Rb suggests that meteoric water participated in hydrothermal activities via mixing with magmatic water, and the contribution of seawater was insignificant. All of the above results indicate that hydrothermal alteration was influenced by fluids related to granodiorite intrusion, and 18O- and 87Sr-rich meteoric water circulating in the upper crust significantly contributed to hydrothermal activities in Barton Peninsula. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001329357 | oai_dc | Borehole deviation effect in electrical resistivity tomography | Borehole deviation effect in electrical resistivity tomography | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Myeong-Jong Yi(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Jung-Ho Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Jeong-Sul Son(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)"
] | In the analysis of resistivity tomography data, boreholes are assumed to be drilled vertically and have no borehole deviation with depth. However, such a condition is seldom encountered in real field situations. Moreover, in two-dimensional (2-D) tomographic imaging, it is assumed that the boreholes belong to the section to be imaged, while this is often far from the case in real situations. Given these discrepancies between assumptions and reality, unrealistic subsurface images may be obtained due to the improper handling of borehole deviation. In this study, the borehole deviation effect in 2-D resistivity tomography is analyzed. The effect is analyzed using a 3-D finite element forward modeling program to handle a general case of 3-D borehole deviations. As a further step, the borehole deviation has been included in the inversion process, which is implemented by assuming that the subsurface structure is 2-D within a 3-D resistivity tomography inversion code. By inverting the resistivity data obtained from a site where boreholes are significantly deviated, it is shown that the borehole deviation should be taken into account to obtain accurate subsurface images. The enhancement was also demonstrated with the 3-D ERT imaging of field data set. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001329270 | oai_dc | Transfer zones within the Longmen Mountains thrust belt, SW China | Transfer zones within the Longmen Mountains thrust belt, SW China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wenzheng Jin(China University of Petroleum); Liangjie Tang(China University of Petroleum); Keming Yang(SINOPEC, China); Guimei Wan(China University of Petroleum); Zhizhou Lü(China University of Petroleum); Yixin Yu(China University of Petroleum)"
] | The Longmen Mountains thrust belt contains complex structures resulting from multi-phase tectonic movements. Field investigations and interpretations of seismic profiles reveal two important transfer zones in the thrust belt: the Anxian and Guanxian transfer zones. Many thrust and strike-slip faults are found in the shallow part of the transfer zones, and duplexes and detachment structures in the deep part. The Anxian transfer zone is located between the Jiaoziding and Jiudingshan nappes, consisting mainly of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation (T1 f ) and Jianglingjiang Formation (T1 j), and Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation (T2l). The Guanxian transfer zone is located between the Baoxing and Jiudingshan nappes, consisting mainly of Devonian, Carboniferous, Triassic, Jurassic, and Presinian rocks. This zone contains many thrust faults, strike-slip faults, and duplexes in its deeper part (where early structures have been almost completely overprinted), and many klippens are found at the surface. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001329329 | oai_dc | Is subduction ongoing in the South Shetland Trench, Antarctic Peninsula?: new constraints from crustal structures of outer trench wall | Is subduction ongoing in the South Shetland Trench, Antarctic Peninsula?: new constraints from crustal structures of outer trench wall | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"진영근(Korea Polar Research Institute); Joohan Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); Jong Kuk Hong(Korea Polar Research Institute); Sang Heon Nam(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | The South Shetland Trench (SST) northwest of the South Shetland Islands is the only trench along the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula. Multichannel seismic reflection profile shows very narrow normal faulting zone (about 20 km) on the outer wall of the SST and thick trench-fill sediments (up to 1000 m) on two distinct crustal horst and graben structures in the trench. These structures are rare in the active subduction trenches. On the basis of the implications from these seismic structures and known tectonic history, the following scenarios of subduction activities of the former Phoenix plate are proposed: (1) normal faulting has not occurred since subduction rate in the SST sharply decreased after cessation of seafloor spreading at the West Scotia Ridge at about 6 Ma; and (2) subduction almost stopped after the cessation of spreading in Drake Passage at about 3.3 Ma. Recent contractional structures around the SST are indicative of current crustal shortening (not subduction) accommodating trenchward movement of South Shetland Islands caused by the ongoing extension of Bransfield Basin behind the South Shetland Islands. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001329292 | oai_dc | Distribution of heavy metals in marine sediments at the ocean waste disposal site in the Yellow Sea, South Korea | Distribution of heavy metals in marine sediments at the ocean waste disposal site in the Yellow Sea, South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Pil-Geun Kim(Pukyong National University); 박맹언(Pukyong National University); Kyu-Youl Sung(Korea Maritime University)"
] | We attempted to evaluate variations in the properties of sediments at a waste disposal site in the Yellow Sea resulting from the last 17 years of ocean dumping. The comparison between the affected surface sediment by ocean dumping and unaffected bottom sediment properties revealed that the mean grain size, Loss on ignition (LOI), and mineralogy were only slightly influenced by the ocean dumping, while some stations in the study area exhibited a heavy metal anomaly. Enrichment of heavy metals also has influenced inflow of waste since 1994 and rapidly increased after 1999, and the heavy metals in the surface sediment were controlled by anthropogenic sources such as ocean dumping, while the heavy metals in the bottom sediment were controlled by the weathering process. Also, Metal enrichment in the study area may have been caused by ocean dumping, because the time of heavy metal enrichment corresponds to the increasing time of ocean dumping. Furthermore, enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals besides Cd and Pb were not significant, but the sediment accumulated after 1994 at some sites exhibited Pb and Cd anomalies. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001329303 | oai_dc | Synthesis of Pt-Pd antimonide minerals at 1000 °C and the extent of Pt-Pd substitutions | Synthesis of Pt-Pd antimonide minerals at 1000 °C and the extent of Pt-Pd substitutions | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Won Sa Kim(Chungnam National University)"
] | Phase relations of the Pt-Pd-Sb system were investigated at 1000 °C, with an emphasis on the extent of Pt-Pd substitutions in Pt and Pd antimonide minerals and their stable assemblages. The sealed capsule technique was used, and the reaction products were examined using reflected light microscope, X-ray powder diffractometer, and electron microprobe. Pt-Pd alloy minerals, stumpflite (PtSb), geversite (PtSb2), mertieite II (Pd8Sb3), and stibiopalladinite (Pd31Sb12) occur as solid phases. In addition, solid phases with compositions of Pd20Sb7 and Pd5Sb2 are present. The extents of the Pd substitution for Pt in stumpflite and geversite were measured to be 18 and 7.2 atom (at.) %, respectively. Mertieite II (Pd8Sb3) and stibiopalladinite (Pd31Sb12,) show almost identical extent of the Pt-Pd substitution (22 at.%). The Pt substitutions for Pd in synthetic phases of Pd20Sb7 and Pd5Sb2 range up to 27 and 19.6 at.%, respectively. Pt and Pd form a complete solid solution and their solid solutions with Sb range from 7.5 at.% along the Pt-Sb binary join to 16.5 at.% along the Pd-Sb binary join. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001329348 | oai_dc | Groundwater vulnerability assessment by determining maximum contaminant loading limit in the vicinity of pumping wells | Groundwater vulnerability assessment by determining maximum contaminant loading limit in the vicinity of pumping wells | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"임정원(서울대학교); 배광옥(서울대학교); 이강근(서울대학교)"
] | A method to determine maximum contaminant loading limit in the vicinity of pumping wells is introduced. The method is based on numerical modeling of solute transport applying the adjoint-derived backward equation of the general advection-dispersion equation (backward transport equation).
A general idea of the backward transport equation is illustrated and also the compatibility of the equation with the advection-dispersion equation is shown through a numerical test. Then a process to derive contaminant concentration at pumping wells is presented, based on which one can determine the maximum contaminant loading limit to satisfy given criteria of the water quality at pumping wells. This method is applied to a field site in Buk-myeon and Daesan-myeon located in Changwon city, South Korea. The maximum loading limit of nitrate from the potential source loading area near pumping wells in concern is estimated to be 1.95 × 10-2 kg-N/m2 in consideration of denitrification, and 9.55 × 10-3 kg-N/m2 with no regard of it to satisfy the Drinking Water Quality Standard of nitrate in Korea. Since the annual average application rate of total nitrogen fertilizers in Korea is estimated to be 3.54 × 10-2 kg-N/m2, understanding the geochemical condition of the area would be needed to suggest | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001329315 | oai_dc | Sequence stratigraphic controls on early-diagenetic carbonate cementation of shallow marine clastic sediments (the Devonian Zakeen Formation, southern Zagros, Iran) | Sequence stratigraphic controls on early-diagenetic carbonate cementation of shallow marine clastic sediments (the Devonian Zakeen Formation, southern Zagros, Iran) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Seyed Mohammad Zamanzadeh(University of Tehran); Abdolhossein Amini(University of Tehran); Mohammad Ghavidel-Syooki(National Iranian Oil Company)"
] | Distribution pattern of carbonate cements of the Middle to Upper Devonian Zakeen Formation of southern Zagros, suggests a close relationship between relative sea-level changes and diagenetic processes. Ferroan dolomite cementation is closely linked to genetically related facies (parasequences, systems tracts, sequences) and/or major stratal surfaces (transgressive and maximum flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries). The cements are systematically distributed within the lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Eogenetic ferroan dolomite cement (18O from 1.06 to –6.00‰ VPDB and 13C from –1.23 to -4.94‰ VPDB) was developed in the form of: 1) ferroan dolomite cemented conglomerates in LST estuarine environments, 2) laterally extensive ferroan dolomite cemented sandstones in LST estuarine and TST foreshore-shoreface environments and along maximum flooding surfaces and 3) ferroan dolomite cemented nodules in LST, TST and HST foreshore-shoreface environments. Prolonged subaerial exposure of the strata, resulted from epeirogenetic movements of the Hercynian Orogeny, is considered to be responsible for cement and grains leaching and porosity development in sandstones underlying the major sequence boundary at the top of the Zakeen Formation. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429928 | oai_dc | Seismic character of the BSR in the Ulleung Basin plain, East Sea (Japan Sea) | Seismic character of the BSR in the Ulleung Basin plain, East Sea (Japan Sea) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Han-Joon Kim(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Gwang Hoon Lee(Pukyung National University); Hyeong-Tae Jou(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); 이상훈(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Dong-Geun Yoo(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Nam-Hyung Koo(Korea I... | A bottom simulating reflector (BSR) was identified in multichannel seismic reflection profiles collected in the Ulleung Basin plain, East Sea (Japan Sea). The BSR, occurring in densely stratified sediments, is observed very close to the boundary between two sequences interpreted as low-energy turbidites/hemipelagic sediments and mass-transport deposits. The essential characteristics of the BSR include its cross-cutting relationship to strata at a small angle, strong amplitude, and reverse polarity with respect to the seafloor reflection. Stochastic inversion of seismic data indicates that the BSR reflection coefficients reach maximally the range from 0.23 to 0.26 and are 1.5~1.7 times that of the seafloor reflection. A decrease in interval velocities, disrupted seismic signals, and noticeable drop of the frequency content are recognized below the BSR. These features strongly suggest that the BSR represents the base of gas hydrate stability zone (BHSZ) in the Ulleung Basin plain and a free gas zone is present below the BSR with high amplitude. Inversion also discriminates the lower amplitude BSR that is not easily identified from interfering reflection signals, suggesting that gas hydrates exist more extensively in the Ulleung Basin than recognized in seismic profiles. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429923 | oai_dc | The changes in potential usable water resources by increasing the amount of groundwater use: the case of Gapcheon watershed in Korea | The changes in potential usable water resources by increasing the amount of groundwater use: the case of Gapcheon watershed in Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sangmi Jun(Inje University); Wooseok Lee(Korea Water Resources Corporation); 정교철(Andong National University); Jae-hyeon Park(Inje University); 박창근(가톨릭관동대학교); 이상호(Pukyong National University); 이길성(서울대학교)"
] | The objectives of this study are to analyze the relationship between the long-term stream discharge and the change of groundwater use and to estimate the potential usable water resources due to the change of groundwater use. The watershed model SWMM−GE, which considers the aquifer-stream interaction, is used to calculate the long-term stream discharge of the Gapcheon watershed in Korea according to the increasing groundwater use. In the results, the annual runoff discharge is absolutely affected by the annual rainfall, but the annual baseflow is less affected than the annual runoff discharge. The annual baseflow is decreased by increasing the groundwater use, but the potential usable water resources are increased by increasing the groundwater use. In case groundwater use is doubled, the potential usable water resources are increased by about 44% of pumping case. Excessive groundwater use, however, could dry up some streams or make instream flow insufficient. Thus, those results should be considered to determine suitable amount of ground water use. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429919 | oai_dc | Vegetation changes in western central region of Korean Peninsula during the last glacial (ca. 21.1−26.1 cal kyr BP) | Vegetation changes in western central region of Korean Peninsula during the last glacial (ca. 21.1−26.1 cal kyr BP) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sangheon Yi(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Seong-Joong Kim(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | Age-controlled pollen record from wetland sediments of Hanam, western central Korean Peninsula (KP), reveals vegetation dynamics response to climate changes during the last glacial,26.1−20.1 cal kyr BP. The Hanam pollen assemblages are dominated by conifers, Picea and Pinus and cold tolerant deciduous broadleaved Betula, together with common xerophytic herb like Artemisia and Gramineae. Principal taxa are similar to those of subalpine forest in modern vegetation of KP. Humidity variation reconstructed by semi aridity index (AI) indicates that, during 26.1−22.7 cal kyr BP, cold and dry conditions were prevailed with an expansion of subalpine coniferous forest and high value of AI.
From 22.5 to 20.5 cal kyr BP, cool and wet conditions were reconstructed with low value of AI due to climatic amelioration, enhanced conifers and temperate deciduous broadleaved mixed forests flourished.
Between 20.3 and 20.1 cal kyr BP, an abundance of Picea and Betula associated with high value of AI infers that subalpine conifers forest colonized again in hinterland montane along with open, low grassland under colder and drier conditions owing to climatic deterioration. The principal pollen taxa suggest that prevailing climate conditions were annual mean temperature about 5−6 ℃ colder and annual mean precipitation 40% drier than today. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429920 | oai_dc | Miocene woods of the Janggi Basin in Korea: Implications for paleofloral changes | Miocene woods of the Janggi Basin in Korea: Implications for paleofloral changes | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jong-Deock Lim(National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage); 김경식(Chonbuk National University); Mitsuo Suzuki(Tohoku University); 백인성(Pukyong National University); 정은경(Chonbuk National University); Haang-Mook Kim(Pusan National University)"
] | Eleven taxa of fossil woods – two gymnosperms and nine dicotyledons – were identified from 59 specimens collected from the Lower Coal-bearing Formation of the Janggi Group at Shinjeong-ri in Donghae-myeon, Pohang City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. One new taxon, Fraxinus oligocenica, was discovered and identified for the first time in the Korean Peninsula. Along with the previous study, 25 Miocene wood taxa, in total, have been described from the Lower and Upper Coal-bearing formations of the Janggi Group. A considerable number of specimens of Wataria were collected in this study. Wataria is an extinct genus of the Sterculiaceae, and the determination of its true identity is an interesting paleobotanical subject. There may be a possibility that the quantity and diversity of Wataria spp. was greater in the Korean Peninsula than in the Japanese Archipelago. Thus, we suggested that the Miocene deposits in Pohang City would be better places for elucidating the real identity of Wataria than in Japan. Coal-bearing formations in which fossil woods occur intervene between the Geumgwangdong Formation and the Duho Formation in which abundant fossil leaves occur. In the combined fossil-wood and fossil-leaf data from these formations, we found a transition-type flora situated between the well-known Aniai-type and Daijima-type floras in Japan. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429921 | oai_dc | Modern pollen distribution and its relationship with environmental difference in southwestern China | Modern pollen distribution and its relationship with environmental difference in southwestern China | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Tao Pan(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Shaohong Wu(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Erfu Dai(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Yujie Liu(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | Quantitative relationships between pollen and vegetation in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) are studied based on the pollen records of 35 surface soil samples and 7 vegetation quadrates. The spatial distribution of the pollen and the relative control of environmental factors are analyzed. Results are: (1) The R values, which designate the representation of pollen to vegetation, indicate a good quantitative relationship between surface pollen assemblages and local vegetation. (2) Significant differences in diversity of pollen flora, pollen amounts, major taxa, and vegetation between the east and the west sides of Ailao Mountain, an important geographical dividing line in LRGR, are recognized. (3) Obvious spatial differences of pollen assemblages are relevant to different regional topography and climatic conditions. These results suggest that the spatial differences between pollen assemblages would be caused by the different pattern of hydrothermal condition in the unique topography of the LRGR. The barrier function of the vertical mountain ranges, especially by the Ailao Mountain, may be a main factor in such environmental differences. Two separate monsoon circulations occurring in Pacific and Indian oceans result in different hydrothermal characteristics causing the regional differentiated patterns in the pollen assemblages in the study area. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429925 | oai_dc | A study on feasibility of earthquake early warning in Korea: Determination of locations and magnitudes of events | A study on feasibility of earthquake early warning in Korea: Determination of locations and magnitudes of events | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Paul Rydelek(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Kwang-Hee Kim(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute)"
] | The fundamental purpose of an earthquake early warning (EEW) system is to provide an advance warning/alarm of strong ground shaking from large earthquakes that will help to mitigate earthquake damage. To accomplish this goal, both the location and the size of an earthquake must be automatically estimated as rapidly as possible, i.e., essentially in real-time. Given a sufficiently dense seismic array, such as in Korea, we have shown in a previous investigation that the location of potentially hazardous earthquakes can be quickly estimated from the arrival times of the P-waves at just two stations and the lack of arrivals at other nearby stations. Size, however, is difficult to estimate in a real-time environment where the implicit constraint is to use only several seconds of P-wave data to estimate earthquake source parameters. However, it is possible to predict the intensity of strong ground shaking from the damaging S-waves from the intensity of the observed P-waves. Here we investigate two methods for the rapid estimation of shaking intensity using the data from broadband sensors in the Korean seismic array. There is good agreement between methods for smaller events up to M~5.2 but extrapolating the results to larger magnitudes is problematic; one method, however, may have an advantage in an EEW system. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429932 | oai_dc | Box experiments on monitoring the CO2 migration in a homogeneous medium using electrical resistivity survey | Box experiments on monitoring the CO2 migration in a homogeneous medium using electrical resistivity survey | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sookyun Wang(Pukyong National University); 박미경(Pukyong National University); 이민희(Pukyong National University); Jun-Mo Kim(Seoul National University)"
] | Geological sequestration of CO2 necessarily involves reliable techniques for monitoring the migration of CO2 injected in deep formations. In this study, a series of lab-scale experiments was conducted to investigate the feasibility of geochemical sampling and electrical resistivity survey in imaging and characterizing various phases of CO2 in a homogeneous medium. An acryl box packed with 1-mm dia. glass beads was used as the brine aquifer for CO2 sequestration. Two phases of CO2 and a supercritical CO2 substitute were applied in a series of injection processes in modified experiments for simulating CO2 sequestration. As well as porewater analysis, time-lapse electrical resistivity survey was performed with electrodes positioned on the box. For reconstructing two-dimensional resistivity images, electrical potential differences were measured at potential dipoles on the top surface of the box. To investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of the plume of injecting fluids, 2D resultant resistivity images at specified time were compared with discrete distributions of CO2 concentration in the box. In the experiment of CO2 gas, the time-lapse resistivity images showed the distinct increase in resistivity and suggested that the sequential changes in electrical resistivity images could be acquired when the CO2 gas plume migrates in deep brine aquifers. In the experiment of supercritical CO2 substitute, the time-lapse resistivity images showed that injected KF50 was kept afloat by buoyancy, which accumulated under the impermeable layer in free phase, and leaked somewhat to the surface. The electrical resistivity survey can be successfully detect the heterogeneous and localized distributions of supercritical CO2 in deep brine aquifers, implying that the electrical resistivity tomography could be a useful technical option for monitoring CO2 during geological sequestration. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429935 | oai_dc | Multi-objective optimization for optimal groundwater remediation design and management systems | Multi-objective optimization for optimal groundwater remediation design and management systems | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Thangjam Somchand Singh(National Institute of Technology); Dibakar Chakrabarty(National Institute of Technology)"
] | Groundwater remediation and management systems generally encompass multiple often conflicting objectives. This paper proposes a multi-objective groundwater remediation and management methodology based on pump-and-treat technology to determine optimal strategies for cleaning up the affected portion of a contaminated aquifer and at the same time removal of sufficient quantity of clean water from the unaffected portion of the same aquifer for supply to end users for drinking purposes. Two objective functions are incorporated into the proposed optimization model: (i) minimization of the total remediation cost, and (ⅱ) maximization of clean water extraction rate. Pumping rates and well locations are the decision variables of the optimization model with imposed constraints on hydraulic heads and contaminant concentrations at several specified locations. This work employs a new and very efficient technique for interfacing C with FORTRAN programs to couple NSGA−Ⅱ coded in C with FORTRAN programs MODFLOW and MT3DMS and use in this methodology to obtain a tradeoff between remediation cost and clean water extraction rate. The Pareto front thus obtained consists of several optimal solutions to the problem and is used to analyze the variation of remediation cost with the extraction rate of uncontaminated water. Sensitivity analyses on some important input parameters have been carried out to account for the effects of variability of these parameters on the model result. Main contributions of this paper are: (i) use of a novel technique of linking C programs with FORTRAN programs, and (ⅱ) revelation and exploitation of insightful features of multi-objective optimization algorithms applicable to pump-and-treat groundwater remediation problems. Results are satisfactory and show great promise for wide applicability in the field of groundwater remediation. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429929 | oai_dc | 1D crustal velocity structure beneath broadband seismic stations in the Okcheon Fold Belt of Korea by receiver function analysis | 1D crustal velocity structure beneath broadband seismic stations in the Okcheon Fold Belt of Korea by receiver function analysis | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sung Il Han(Kyungpook National University); 강태섭(Pukyong National University); 이정모(경북대학교)"
] | The crustal velocity structure is one of the fundamental and important subjects for seismology. The receiver function analysis technique is applied to the data from six broadband stations (HKU, JSB, MGB, NPR, SND, and TJN) in the Okcheon Fold Belt of Korea. The genetic algorithm that is independent of the initial model is adopted as the inversion method. The surface-wave dispersion data are used as constraints in the receiver function inversion. Among these stations, the receiver function analyses on the velocity structures beneath stations JSB, MGB, and SND have not been carried out before. Since recent large teleseismic earthquake data of magnitudes larger than 6.5 are included in the analyses, the velocity structures found in the present work are expected to be more reliable than those by the previous independent works. The characteristics of crustal velocity structures in the Okcheon Fold Belt are revealed. The crustal thickness in the Okcheon Fold Belt is estimated to be 3234 km. The Moho depths are 32, 34, 32, 3234, 32, and 32 km beneath stations HKU, JSB, MGB, NPR, SND, and TJN, respectively. These results are similar to those found in the previous independent works. The low velocity layers around the depth of 10 km are also found. Geological interpretation or correlations are, however, skipped since they are not always distinctive. Midcrustal velocity discontinuities at the 18-km depth are found beneath stations NPR and TJN although the former is only distinctive. Those at the 22-km depth are also found beneath stations HKU and SND. The crustal velocity structures estimated in this study will be able to offer fundamental information to other geologists, and the geological and tectonic interpretation of the velocity structures is expected. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001429931 | oai_dc | Physicochemical sensitivities of tropical peat to electrokinetic environment | Physicochemical sensitivities of tropical peat to electrokinetic environment | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Afshin Asadi(University Putra Malaysia); Bujang B.K. Huat(Universiti Putra Malaysia); Mohamed M. Hanafi(University Putra Malaysia); Thamer A. Mohamed(University Putra Malaysia); Nader Shariatmadari(Iran University of Science and Technology)"
] | Tropical peat is unconsolidated superficial deposits with high non-crystalline colloid (humus) content, constituting the subsurface of wetland systems. Laboratory experiments were carried out on a very slightly decomposed fibric and a highly decomposed amorphous, undisturbed tropical peat soils, to determine the physicochemical effects on the peats due to electrokinetic (EK) treatment in terms of mechanisms and resulting effects in the presence of peat water. The different specimens were treated for 3, 6, 12, and 20-day periods. A constant electrical potential of 40 V was applied across the specimens. The untreated and treated specimens were tested for liquid limit (LL), undrained shear strength (Su), water content (WC), zeta potential (ζ), pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The peat water flew from anode to cathode because of the negative charges on the humus. In the vicinity of the anode, the CEC and ζ of the specimens decreased, and the Su and LL of the specimens increased because of the acidic conditions, while alkaline conditions at the cathode had an opposite effect. The sensitivity of the amorphous peat to the EK environment was higher than the sensitivity of the fibric peat to the EK environment because of larger quantities of the colloids and quality of the charges. The acid/base distributions in EK soil processing influenced the soil surface charges, which were fully pH-dependent, resulting in the variations of the CEC and ζ. The ζ variations caused thinning and expanding of the diffuse double layer around the humus particles, and were linked to the flocculation and dispersion of the particles, and subsequently affected the LL and Su of the specimens. The study was found its significance in that it confirmed the relationship between the degree of peat decomposition and the peat sensitivity to the EK treatment. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310269 | oai_dc | Metals pollution in freshly deposited sediments from river Mingoa, main tributary to the Municipal lake of Yaounde, Cameroon | Metals pollution in freshly deposited sediments from river Mingoa, main tributary to the Municipal lake of Yaounde, Cameroon | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ekengele Nga Léopold(University of Ngaoundere); Myung Chae Jung(Sejong University); Ombolo Auguste(University of Ngaoundere); Ngounou Ngatcha(University of Ngaoundere); Ekodeck Georges(University of Yaounde); Mbome Lape(IMPM)"
] | Freshly deposited thirty six surface sediments from river Mingoa, main tributary to the Municipal lake of Yaounde in Cameroon, were sampled to determine the degree, sources and distribution of metals contamination. The concentrations of trace elements were measured by ICP-AES for the samples collected at different stations in January 2005. Generally, the concentration of metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Sr, Ba and Si) in the sediments reflected an anthropogenic inputs. The sediments were characterized by a high amount of organic matter (LOI) with a mean value of 12.44%. Enrichment Factors (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) were calculated and the relative contamination levels were assessed at these sites. With the exception of Ni, the enrichment of toxic metals was high. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis (principal factor method) were used to assist the interpretation of elemental data. This allowed the determination of the correlations between the metals and LOI variability in the sediments, and the identification of four main factors loadings controlling by parent rocks, anthropogenic input, organic compounds and weathering of silicate minerals. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310286 | oai_dc | Local crustal structures of southern Korea from joint analysis of waveforms and travel times | Local crustal structures of southern Korea from joint analysis of waveforms and travel times | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Wonsup Lee(Seoul National University); Chang-Eob Baag(Seoul National University)"
] | A joint inversion technique of waveforms and travel times is applied to broadband seismic data from a local earthquake in order to estimate local crustal velocity structures of southern Korea. Combining the waveform and travel time inversion techniques, we can surmount the demerits of the techniques: the distortion of deep velocity structure in the waveform inversion caused by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the velocity-depth trade-off, and errors in picking phases in the travel time inversion. The purpose of this study is not only for verifying whether the technique is performed well in the local areas where the number of stations is limited, but also for estimating the velocity structures of the areas that have been little investigated. We adopted the genetic algorithm (GA) as a search algorithm, since we could not expect appropriate initial models due to little a priori information about crustal velocity structure. Both broadband waveforms bandpassed between 0.05 Hz and 0.3 Hz and travel times of Pg, Pn, and PmP waves from the 26 April 2004 Daegu earthquake (ML=3.9) were used as input data. We performed the joint inversion ten times or more for each local area, and adopted the averaged model of optimal models to acquire credible crustal structure. Synthetic waveforms and travel time curves obtained from the estimated velocity models were generally agreed with observed seismograms, and the estimated source depths from the velocity models of the three local areas are similar to and consistent with each other. Therefore, we believe that the joint inversion technique is still applicable to local areas where the number of stations is limited | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310279 | oai_dc | Groundwater resources in Maknassy basin (central Tunisia): hydrological data analysis and water budgeting | Groundwater resources in Maknassy basin (central Tunisia): hydrological data analysis and water budgeting | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ismail Chenini(Minerals Resources and Environement Laboratory ); Abdallah Ben Mammou(Minerals Resources and Environement Laboratory); Mohamed Moncef Turki(Minerals Resources and Environement Laboratory); Eric Mercier(Nantes University)"
] | The Maknassy basin in central Tunisia receives only a small amount of precipitation (207 mm/year), and hydrological system retain very small quantities of water due to the steep topography and surface water resource partially mobilized which is evacuated toward the basin outlet. However, the Maknassy plain support agriculture based on ground water irrigation with increasing water demand for the last decades. These developments have boosted agricultural productivity in the region. While these problems are mainly due to poor surface water management strategies in the region, the groundwater resources in this basin should be properly assessed and suitable measures taken for uniform surface water mobilization. As a first step in this direction, groundwater resources have been assessed. Regional specific yield (0.017) and groundwater recharge have been estimated on the basis of water table fluctuation method. During the hydrological year 2004-2005, groundwater recharge amounting to 116*106 m3 in a year takes place in the region through infiltration of rainwater (44.5*106 m3 for phreatic aquifer and 71.5*106 m3 for the deep one), and recharge due to the infiltration in the Leben watercourse bed (1.57*106 m3). Recharge from deeper aquifer to the shallow one has been estimated at 0.01*106 m3. The outflow consists of (1) groundwater draft by wells (4.5*106 m3 from phreatic aquifer and 5.78*106 m3 from the deep one), (2) spring discharges (0.15*106 m3 only from shallow aquifer), and (3) groundwater evapotranspiration (92.52*106 m3). Assuming that at least 40% (102.61*106 m3) of the total precipitation water (256.645*106 m3) makes the runoff water, this important resource can be mobilized in order to increase groundwater recharge. Subject to an arid climate, such region requires an integrated water resource management. It permits to keep aquiferous system equilibrium and participate to the sustainable development which integrates natural resource management. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310275 | oai_dc | Subdivision of the Upper Paleozoic Taean Formation in the Anmyeondo-Boryeong area, west Korea: a preliminary approach to the sedimentary organization and structural features | Subdivision of the Upper Paleozoic Taean Formation in the Anmyeondo-Boryeong area, west Korea: a preliminary approach to the sedimentary organization and structural features | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최범영(한국지질자원연구원); 이철우(충북대학교); 임순복(한국지질자원연구원); Yeongseok So(Chungbuk National University)"
] | A preliminary analysis of sedimentary organization and detailed geological mapping of the Upper Paleozoic Taean Formation have been conducted in the Anmyeondo-Boryeong area. The Taean Formation comprises the ‘sandy unit’ and ‘sandy-muddy unit’. The former unit consists of massive or bedded sandstone beds often with scoured base, and the latter unit consists of sandstone beds graded from the massive sandstone to laminated siltstone or pelagic mudstone, representing the Bouma sequence. Based on the differing patterns of facies stacking, the Taean Formation is informally divided into the Sinni, Sinon, Kkotji, Seungeon, Jungjang and Nudong units in ascending order. The lower four units show largely N-S trending paleoflow, while the upper two ones show NE-SW to E-W trending paleoflows. Such a change in sedimentary supply directions could be resulted from changes in depositional regime and/or allogenic controls including tectonics | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310273 | oai_dc | From in situ stress and discontinuities to the strength of granites: comparison and case study | From in situ stress and discontinuities to the strength of granites: comparison and case study | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Yanjun Shang(Chinese Academy of Sciences); 박형동(서울대학교); Guangxiang Yuan(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Yuanchun Sun(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Qian Gao(Chinese Academy of Sciences)"
] | The distinctive weathering profile and discontinuity of granites, dipping slightly at shallow depths and steeply in larger depths, are regarded as being due to their physical and geo-mechanical properties. This paper compares vertical stress (Sv) and overlain weight (h) drawn from different kinds of in situ stress measurements, as well as coefficients of lateral stress. Stress trends are connected with discontinuities (joints and dykes), which reveal their relationships in space and dip angles of joints and dykes are compared in space, together with shear plane plunges and the strength of rocks from laboratory tests. As a result, it was found that the relict structural geo-stress contributes to maximum horizontal stress, especially at shallow depths. The most common feature is the high coefficient of lateral stress, which is mostly attributed to unloading in shallow depths and stress concentration at a certain depth after the erosion of overlain beds and the exposure of granites at the ground surface. Therefore, the weathering profiles and weathered capsule of granites could be interpreted from this viewpoint.
One of the two main features of this paper is the connection of the extraordinary values of the lateral coefficient of in situ stress with unloading and the typical weathering profile at shallow depths. Another is the comparison of the shear stress and strength from in situ and laboratory tests, with a series of data from the same location and depth.
| 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310282 | oai_dc | Numerical analysis of effective soil porosity and soil thickness effects on slope stability at a hillslope of weathered granitic soil formation | Numerical analysis of effective soil porosity and soil thickness effects on slope stability at a hillslope of weathered granitic soil formation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Muhammad Mukhlisin(Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment); Mohd Raihan Taha(Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment); Ken’ichirou Kosugi(Kyoto University)"
] | Modeling rainwater infiltration in slopes is vital to the analysis of slope failure induced by heavy rainfall. Amongst the soil hydraulic properties, the hydraulic conductivity K has been frequently analyzed for its effects on slope stability. In contrast, few studies have been published on the effects of water retention characteristics on slope stability. In this study, a numerical model was developed to estimate the extent of rainwater infiltration into an unsaturated slope, the formation of a saturated zone, and the change in slope stability. This model is then used to analyze the effects of the soil porosity parameters (i.e., saturated soil water content s and effective soil porosity (ESP)) and soil thickness on the occurrence of slope failure. Results showed that when the surface soil of a slope has a relatively large ESP value, it has a greater capacity for holding rainwater, and therefore delays rainwater infiltration into the subsurface layer. Consequently, the increase in pore water pressure in the subsurface layer is also delayed. In this manner, a relatively large surface layer ESP value contributes to delaying slope failure. Under weaker storm conditions, slope failure tends not to occur when the surface soil has a relatively large ESP value. In addition, the thickness of soil is also a significant parameter in slope stability analysis. A shallow soil depth resulted in greater discharge volume and a lower peak pore water pressure during the major rainfall event, and consequently the slope failure tends not to occur. However a deeper soil depth increased the weight of solids and the soil moisture conditions in the slope consequently increasing the pore water pressure causing slope failure. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310266 | oai_dc | In-situ U-Pb titanite age of the Chuncheon amphibolite: Evidence for Triassic regional metamorphism in central Gyeonggi massif, South Korea, and its tectonic implication | In-situ U-Pb titanite age of the Chuncheon amphibolite: Evidence for Triassic regional metamorphism in central Gyeonggi massif, South Korea, and its tectonic implication | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김정민(한국기초과학지원연구원); 정창식(한국기초과학지원연구원); 이승렬(한국지질자원연구원); 조문섭(서울대학교); 이기욱(한국기초과학지원연구원)"
] | We report an in-situ U-Pb age of titanite in the Chuncheon amphibolite, central Gyeonggi massif, using a high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometer (HR-SIMS). Titanite occurs as common accessory phase in garnet amphibolites, produced by regional metamorphism. Titanite grains separated from two amphibolite samples yield the weighted mean 238U-206Pb ages of 224 ± 14 (2) Ma and 239 ± 94 (2) Ma, respectively, which are interpreted to suggest a high-grade metamorphism at ca. 220 Ma. This result together with the available ages reported by previous workers suggests that both the Gyeonggi massif and the Imjingang belt experienced the regional Triassic metamorphism, possibly in association with continental collision between the North and South China blocks. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310267 | oai_dc | Tephra-filled volcanic neck (diatreme) of a mafic tuff ring at Maegok, Miocene Eoil Basin, SE Korea | Tephra-filled volcanic neck (diatreme) of a mafic tuff ring at Maegok, Miocene Eoil Basin, SE Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"권창우(한국지질자원연구원); 손영관(경상대학교)"
] | The Eoil Basin is one of the Miocene sedimentary basins in SE Korea, containing abundant volcanic deposits in addition to sedimentary deposits. Origin of a mafic volcaniclastic deposit at Maegok in the southeastern basin margin has remained enigmatic although it was interpreted as peperite by some workers. New features of the deposit were revealed by recent re-exposure of the outcrop, including 1) the occurrence of the deposit as an isolated vertical cylinder, 2) an abundance of hydroclastically fragmented sideromelane shards within the matrix, 3) tilting, faulting, and ductile deformation of the surrounding sedimentary strata, indicating synvolcanic vent-ward collapse of the strata, 4) dike-like structures composed of fine-grained tephra, some of which intruded into the surrounding sedimentary deposits, and 5) some clasts arranged in a jigsaw fashion, indicating in situ fragmentation by shock waves. These features suggest that the deposit represents a tuff pipe or the diatreme (tephra-filled volcanic neck) of a phreatomagmatic volcano. Plastically deformed mafic clasts, formerly regarded as evidence for peperitic interaction between magma and wet sediment, show neither the features of simultaneous intrusion and mingling of magma with wet sediments nor the features of in situ fragmentation, which are essential characteristics of peperite. An abundance of sideromelane ash and the lack of juvenile lapilli in the deposit suggest that the diatreme belongs to a phreatomagmatic volcano that was produced by contact-surface steam explosivity, and that the volcano had probably the morphology of a tuff ring. The Maegok exposure is inferred to belong to the deeper part of the diatreme in spite of its occurrence at a shallow level, about 100 m below the pre-eruption surface. The conduit of the tuff ring is therefore interpreted to have had a shallow (a few hundred meters deep) and flared-up geometry. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310289 | oai_dc | A new species of Acer samaras from the Miocene Yeonil Group in the Pohang Basin, Korea | A new species of Acer samaras from the Miocene Yeonil Group in the Pohang Basin, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김종헌(공주대학교)"
] | Acer pohangense sp. nov. belonging to Aceraceae is described based on the six detached samaras collected from the Duho Formation of the Miocene Yeonil Group. This species is characterized by its comparatively large-sized samara with a wing and seed, and its wide divergent angle. The occurrence of such a large-sized samara is the first on record not only in the Korean Tertiary floras, but also in the East Asian Tertiary floras. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310283 | oai_dc | Hydrochemical, and Pb– and Sr– isotopic constraints on the precipitation and dilution of metals in acidified mine water: an example from the abandoned Dongjin Au–Ag–Cu mine, Korea | Hydrochemical, and Pb– and Sr– isotopic constraints on the precipitation and dilution of metals in acidified mine water: an example from the abandoned Dongjin Au–Ag–Cu mine, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"전서령(전북대학교)"
] | The geochemical properties (acidity, elemental composition, and isotopic composition of Sr and Pb) of surface water in the watershed of the abandoned Dongjin Au-Ag-Cu mine, central Korea, vary as the water drifts downstream and reacts with refuse ore piles. These properties also change due to adsorption and co-precipitation of metals on Fe-Al precipitates, and dilution by unpolluted waters. The patterns of variation of dissolved ions were divided into two groups (1 and 2). Group-1 ion (Al, Cu, Cd, and Pb) levels are increased only in acidified water after reaction with refuse ore piles, and their concentrations are regulated largely by precipitates of amorphous Fe-Al hydroxides, which strongly adsorb or precipitate these metals in mildly acidic to neutral conditions. The selective adsorption of Pb on Fe-Al precipitates is supported by Pb isotope data, suggesting that Pb from ore is dominant only in acidic water (pH < 6.0) because of weak, negligible adsorption (< 5%). On the other hand, atmospheric Pb becomes dominant in near-neutral water (pH > 6.0) even with high contents of other ions from dissolved sulfide minerals because of strong adsorption of Pb from ore. Group-2 ions are composed of the major cations (alkali and alkaline-earth), anions, and trace elements including Zn and Mn. Their concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios tend to decrease with distance from the mine adit, indicating that group-2 ions are less dependent on pH and are strongly controlled by mixing with unpolluted, dilute water from the surrounding areas. A combination of Pb and Sr isotopes is useful for tracing the geochemical evolution of surface water in acid mine drainage. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001310271 | oai_dc | Sediment eddy diffusivity and selective suspension under waves and currents on the inner shelf | Sediment eddy diffusivity and selective suspension under waves and currents on the inner shelf | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이관홍(인하대학교)"
] | Sediment diffusivity and effective settling velocity, we, (or equivalently grain size) of near-bed suspended sand was inferred from observed concentration profiles. Concentration data were obtained at 20-m depth off Dounreay, Scotland, and at 13-m depth off Duck, North Carolina, USA. These data accommodate different dynamic conditions (from wave-dominated at Dounreay to wind-driven current-dominated at Duck) and different sediment properties (median size of bed sediment ranging from 120 to 290 m). Regression of observed concentration profiles using the Rouse-type diffusion equation yielded the Rouse parameter P=we/u*, where is von Karman’s constant, u* is the characteristic shear velocity, and we is the effective settling velocity. Linearly increasing eddy diffusivity extended several times higher than the classical wave boundary layer and was not observed to strongly change slope at the top of the wave boundary layer. Instead, u* within several 10s of cm of the bed was nearly equal to wave-current shear velocity (u*cw) or current shear velocity (u*c) depending on whether conditions were wave- or current-dominated. For the Rouse parameter, it was found that u* u*c for u*c > ws and u* u*cw for u*c < ws, where ws is the median settling velocity of the bed sediment. The effective settling velocity in suspension (we) was, in turn, evaluated from P using independent estimates of u*cw and u*c. The inferred size of suspended sediment varied in response to forcing conditions. For an inverse Rouse number u*sf/ws near one, where u*sf is the skin-friction shear velocity, the representative grain size of suspended sediment approached the median size of bed sediment. A similar trend was seen for u*cw/ws or u*c/ws near two, depending on whether conditions were wave or current dominated. With increasing (or decreasing) u*/ws, the grain size of suspended sediment also increased (or decreased), suggesting selective suspension of sediment particles as a function of flow strength. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398450 | oai_dc | A simple method for simulating microseism H/V spectral ratio in 3D structure | A simple method for simulating microseism H/V spectral ratio in 3D structure | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이준기(서울대학교); Douglas Dreger(University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.)"
] | The understanding of detailed 3D basin structure is very important for seismic hazard analysis because ground shaking can be both amplified and prolonged due to basin effects and causing significant damage. Background seismic noise is ubiquitous and continuous and these characteristics make ambient seismic noise useful to study velocity structure because neither infrequent earthquakes nor expensive explosions are needed. The horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio method is a common technique to study the structure of the basin using background seismic noise. Many observations of the H/V ratio recorded at seismic stations over basins display systematic decreases in the frequency of the dominant H/V peak with increasing basin thickness. However, some observations cannot be fully explained by theoretical simulations of the H/V ratio based on 1D velocity profiles beneath the stations. In order to study the precise relationship between the H/V ratio and the basin structure, wavefield simulation of background noise for 3D velocity structure can be quite useful. However, this simulation is still far from being routine because our knowledge of the noise source is quite poor. In this paper, we propose a simple technique to directly simulate the H/V ratio instead of the wavefield of background noise. To evaluate the method, we performed numerical experiments for the Santa Clara Valley and the results show that the synthetics can predict the observations well. We also performed several sensitivity tests for the source and the velocity structure of the basin and found that Rayleigh type wave propagation and a minimum velocity contrast between the basin and background media are required to make the H/V ratio sensitive to the basin structure. Although we also found that the H/V ratio technique has a limitation in determining small scale basin structure at deeper depth, this technique can still be used to evaluate pre-existing velocity models and give some constraints on the development of new velocity models for the basins. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398447 | oai_dc | Nonparametric ground-motion evaluation of high frequency shear-wave Fourier spectra in Korea | Nonparametric ground-motion evaluation of high frequency shear-wave Fourier spectra in Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Kwan-Hee Yun(Korea Electric Power Research Institute); Dong-Hee Park(Korea Electric Power Research Institute)"
] | A nonparametric inversion method has been employed to obtain the detailed attenuation characteristics of horizontal shear-wave Fourier spectra at high frequencies based on the large spectral dataset mostly from small earthquakes occurring at shallow depths in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Nonparametric expressions of the spectral attenuation were evaluated for 59 frequency bands in the range of 1 Hz≤ f≤30 Hz and hypocentral distance ranging from 10 to 400 km by applying the nonparametric inversion method to the observed spectral dataset. Based on the nonparametric expressions, three linear regions roughly separated at 60 and 110 km in distance could be identified and the use of the conventional functional form of Q0 fη assuming the geometrical spreading of R–0.5 could be validated for 3 Hz≤f≤30 Hz and R ³ 190 km with the best fitting result of 292f 0.53. In the near-source region of R < 70 km, the spectral attenuation due to the geometrical spreading ranged from R–1.3 to R–1.5 irrespective of the Q-values. The distance-attenuation trend of the recent observed dataset from a moderate inland earthquake in Korea was also well predicted by the inverted nonparametric path term. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398465 | oai_dc | Three-dimensional surface wave tomography for the upper crustal velocity structure of southern Korea using seismic noise correlations | Three-dimensional surface wave tomography for the upper crustal velocity structure of southern Korea using seismic noise correlations | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jaehee Choi(Seoul National University, Korea); 강태섭(Pukyong National University); Chang-Eob Baag(Seoul National University, Korea)"
] | The cross-correlation technique was applied to ambient seismic noises to investigate the upper crustal velocity structure of the southern Korean Peninsula based on surface wave group velocities. We used seismograms recorded continuously during August 2005 at 91 accelerograph stations in the southern Korean Peninsula. From the correlation results of 4095 data pairs, the arrival times of Green’s functions along paths between stations of pairs were measured in discrete bins of frequency bands with central frequencies of 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, and 0.45 Hz. The spatial distribution of arrival times for each frequency band bin was inverted to obtain a two-dimensional tomographic map of Rayleigh wave group velocity. For each tomographic cell of the maps, we derived dispersion curves by extracting group velocities at center frequencies of the 7 frequency band bins. Shear-wave velocity obtained by depth inversion of the dispersion curve at each cell produced a one-dimensional velocity profile at depths. After aligning the profiles corresponding to tomographic cells, we obtained a three-dimensional uppermost crustal velocity model at depths down to approximately 8 km in the southern Korean Peninsula. These results show low-velocity distributions in the Gyeongsang Basin, western Gyeonggi Massif, and the area of Jeju Island and its northeastern coast. The Okcheon Fold Belt and Yeongnam Massif have relatively high velocity distributions. The low-velocity distribution in the Gyeongsang Basin shrinks in north-south direction at depths around 4 km and widens again with a tendency to migrate to the east as the depth is increased. However, the linear trend of low velocities in NNE-SSW direction at deeper depths (6.25–8.25 km) in the western area distinctively coincides with the western boundary of the Gyeongsang Basin. The background noise analysis in this study provided the constraining information for determination of depth variation in the shear-wave velocity distribution. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398437 | oai_dc | Slip tendency of Quaternary faults in southeast Korea under current state of stress | Slip tendency of Quaternary faults in southeast Korea under current state of stress | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jun Bok Lee(Chungnam National University, Korea); 장찬동(Chungnam National University)"
] | We present results of mechanical slip tendency analysis on 23 Quaternary faults in southeast Korea based on the fault orientations with respect to the present-day in-situ stress field. The present-day in-situ stress data in 15 locales in the vicinity of clustered Quaternary faults in southeast Korea, collected from the literature, show that the prevailing direction of the maximum horizontal in-situ principal stress trends NE, possibly affected by the preexisting structural discontinuities. The maximum and minimum horizontal stresses relative to vertical stress have ranges of 1.41.7 and 1.01.2, respectively, and somewhat vary spatially. Thus, the stress field in southeast Korea overall is characterized by predominantly reverse faulting stress regime and partly strike-slip faulting stress-regime. When the averaged in-situ stress field is applied to the planes of the Quaternary faults, the ratios of shear to effective normal stress are lower than those of Byerlee’s law. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398453 | oai_dc | Design of effective remediation system in a contaminated aquifer by controlling constraints | Design of effective remediation system in a contaminated aquifer by controlling constraints | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"고낙열(서울대학교); 이강근(서울대학교)"
] | Optimization of groundwater remediation design using the pump and treat method was modeled under controlled concentration constraint conditions. The remediation design in a contaminated aquifer with a heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity field was optimized by simultaneously minimizing the number of extraction wells and total extraction volume. A simulation–optimization method was applied to search for optimal designs. When the contaminant concentration constraint intensified, both the extraction volume and number of extraction wells generally increased. However, the number of wells, well locations, and extraction volume did not increase regularly according to changes in the constraint condition. These variations imply that remediation cost should be optimized by adjusting constraint conditions. Under the intensified constraints, the cleanup time changed ahead of the increase of the extraction rates, and the removal efficiency of contaminant decreased. It shows that a cost-effective remediation strategy using the pump and treat method could be achieved by increasing the cleanup time rather than extraction rates or introducing additional remediation techniques. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398433 | oai_dc | Extrapolation of fractal dimensions of natural fracture networks from one to two dimensions in dolomites of Slovenia | Extrapolation of fractal dimensions of natural fracture networks from one to two dimensions in dolomites of Slovenia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Timotej Verbovšek(University of Ljubljana, Slovenia)"
] | If fractal properties of fractures are available only through 1-D measurements (boreholes or scanlines), it is essential to extrapolate the fractal dimensions from 1-D to 2-D values correctly. This paper focuses on such an extrapolation, obtained from twenty-two natural fracture networks in Triassic dolomites in Slovenia. Fractures are analyzed by 1-D (in x- and y-directions) and 2-D box-counting methods. Networks are analyzed by several box-counting methods, by box-flex and box-rotate methods to determine the fractal dimensions in 2-D and consequently by the ‘full’ method (using all data points in the log-log plot) and the more appropriate ‘cut-off’ method (using data greater than the cut-off points), which are used for comparison of 1-D and 2-D data. According to theoretical presumptions, extrapolation of fractal dimension from 1-D to 2-D should be straight-forward: D2-D = D1-D + 1 (D2-D being fractal dimension measured in 2-D environment and the D1-D being fractal dimension measured in 1-D environment). Results show that the values of fractal dimensions obtained in a 1-D environment are very similar and lie in a very narrow data range. This can be attributed to the similar fracturing style of dolomites or isotropy of fractures. Results obtained by the ‘cut-off’ method give higher values of D than the ‘full’ method, as only appropriate data values were considered in calculations. Values of one-dimensional values of D can be reliably extrapolated to a two-dimensional environment by equation D*2-D = D*1-D + 1.03 for the ‘cut-off’ method and D2-D = D1-D + 1.06 for the ‘full’ method. Both differences between D1-D and D2-D values are very close to a theoretical value of 1.00, so the fracture networks in dolomites can be described as nearly ideal non-mathematical and isotropic fractal objects. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398431 | oai_dc | Biosorption of cadmium, copper, and lead ions from aqueous solutions by Ralstonia sp. and Bacillus sp. isolated from diesel and heavy metal contaminated soil | Biosorption of cadmium, copper, and lead ions from aqueous solutions by Ralstonia sp. and Bacillus sp. isolated from diesel and heavy metal contaminated soil | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Aejung Choi(Pukyong National University, Korea); Sookyun Wang(Pukyong National University, Korea); 이민희(Pukyong National University, Korea)"
] | Sorption batch experiments using bacterial strains isolated from soil were performed to remove heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, and Pb from an aqueous solution. Ralstonia sp. and Bacillus sp. were used as biosorbents and the distilled water, artificially titrated at 5 mg/L for Cd, Cu, and Pb, was used for the aqueous solution. Various amounts of biosorbents were mixed with the aqueous solution and the removal efficiency of each heavy metal ion in solution was calculated.
From the results of the experiment, the removal efficiency ratings of Ralstonia sp. for Cd, Cu, and Pb were greater than 90% after adding 0.5 g of Ralstonia sp. to 50 ml of aqueous solution. With only 0.2 g of Bacillus sp., the removal efficiencies for Cd, Cu, and Pb were over 90%, suggesting that they are excellent biosorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution. Sorption experiments were duplicated in aqueous solutions at various pH conditions. For a solution at pH 1, the removal efficiency ratings of Ralstonia sp. for Cd and Pb were less than 20%. However, when the pH of the solution was higher than 3, the removal efficiency dramatically increased to 90%. It decreased slightly when the pH was greater than 10. Most of the biosorption of heavy metals in the experiment were completed within 10 min. From a TEM analysis image, it was observed that many clods of materials were concentrated at the boundary of the cell walls, suggesting that the biosorption activities of Ralstonia sp. and Bacillus sp. occur mostly at their cell walls. From the results of the fitting process of the experimental data to the Freundlich isotherm model, the Freundlich sorption coefficients (Kf) of Cd, Cu, and Pb for Ralstonia sp. and Bacillus sp. ranged from 646 to 754 and from 113 to 221, respectively; their sorption constants (1/n) ranged from 1.06 to 1.90 for Ralstonia sp., and from 0.98 to 1.07 for Bacillus sp. The results of these experiments suggest that the biosorption process with both microorganisms is a promising removal process for water contaminated with heavy metals.
| 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398444 | oai_dc | Occurrence of near-seafloor gas hydrates and associated cold vents in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea | Occurrence of near-seafloor gas hydrates and associated cold vents in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jang-Jun Bahk(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); 김지훈(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Gee-Soo Kong(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); 박요섭(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); 이흔(Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology); 박영준(Korea Adv... | During the site survey for drill sites of the Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 1, near-seafloor gas hydrates were discovered in core sediments from basin plain (2010–2130 m water depth) and southern slope (820–1160 m). The gas hydrates were exclusively retrieved from the sites of high backscatter intensity anomalies of 13 kHz multi-beam echosounding, implying high seafloor reflectivity. In high-resolution (2–7 kHz) subbottom profiles, the coring sites are also characterized by narrow (250–850 m wide) acoustic blank zones reaching seafloor, where they have surface expressions of low-relief (<about 5 m high) mounds and/or pockmarks. In the record of a 38 kHz split-beam echosounder, which was deployed for acoustic characterization of gas bubbles in the water column, there are no apparent gas flares associated with the blank zones. The recovered gas hydrates take the forms of massive layer, blocky nodule, or platy vein in mud at 0.5 to 8 m below the core tops. They were sometimes associated with abundant scattered authigenic carbonate nodules. Compositional and structural analyses of selected gas hydrate samples revealed that they consist of structure I hydrates containing more than 99% biogenic methane. Gas and porewater compositions of the core sediments also imply relatively high upward flux of biogenic methane. The results of the site survey cruise collectively suggest that the near-seafloor gas hydrates are related to cold vents where abundant gas hydrates and authigenic carbonates comprises acoustically high seafloor reflectivity. Gas seeping activity in the cold vents appears to be currently dormant. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398451 | oai_dc | 2D time-domain acoustic-elastic coupled modeling: a cell-based finite-difference method | 2D time-domain acoustic-elastic coupled modeling: a cell-based finite-difference method | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이호용(Seoul National University, Korea); Seung-Chul Lim(Seoul National University, Korea); Dong-Joo Min(Seoul National University, Korea); Byung-Doo Kwon(Seoul National University, Korea); Minkyu Park(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | To describe wave propagation in a fluid-solid environment which is usually encountered during marine seismic exploration, we design a time-domain acoustic-elastic coupled modeling algorithm based on the cell-based finite-difference method. The cell-based method has proven to delineate stress-free conditions correctly at the free surface with just changes in the material properties, which indicates that it can also properly deal with subsurface interface boundaries. In the acoustic-elastic coupled modeling, we first compose finite differences individually for the acoustic and elastic media; we then combine the differences using fluid-solid interface boundary conditions. Numerical experiments show that the cell-based coupled modeling algorithm gives solutions compatible with analytic solutions and that it properly describes S- and converted waves as well as P-waves. Applying the cell-based coupled modeling algorithm to a slope model, we confirm that our coupled modeling algorithm describes irregular interfaces properly, although it employs a staircase approximation of them. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398440 | oai_dc | Estimation of coda Q in the mantle and characteristics of regional S-wave envelope | Estimation of coda Q in the mantle and characteristics of regional S-wave envelope | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Won Sang Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); Haruo Sato(Tohoku University, Japan); Sukyoung Yun(Seoul National University, Korea)"
] | Coda envelope reflects heterogeneity in the Earth medium. Examining seismogram envelopes of regional earthquakes over the world in 120 s periods for a wide lapse time range up to 2000 s, we classified them focusing on the envelope characteristics around ScS arrivals. We found that coda decay gradient decreases after ScS arrival irrespective of focal depths and epicentral distances on a semi-logarithmic scale plot. Amplitude offset behavior observed in seismic envelopes is an evidence that scattered waves of ScS waves sometimes dominate over scattered S waves and scattered surface waves. Such an offset associated with ScS arrival is not clear for shallow events (<50 km). Further, the change of coda decay gradient around ScS arrival decreases as the period becomes shorter and the focus shallower. Inverse of coda Q values, which is estimated by applying the single-isotropic scattering model, are 0.11 × 102~0.45 × 102 and 0.33 × 103~3.90 × 103 at 4 s, 0.32 × 102~0.99 × 102 and 0.13 × 103~2.60 × 103 at 10 s, 0.53 × 102~1.89 × 102 and 0.69 × 103~2.20 × 103 and at 15 s for before ScS and after ScS arrival, respectively. These changes in coda decay gradient and offsets in coda level enable us to measure the medium heterogeneity of the mantle. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001398470 | oai_dc | Effects of the number of events, their depth distributions, and the number of layers in a model on traveltime inversion | Effects of the number of events, their depth distributions, and the number of layers in a model on traveltime inversion | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김우한(경상대학교); In-Kyung Hahm(Gyeongsang National University, Korea); 이정모(경북대학교)"
] | This study introduces the effects of the number of events, their source distributions, and the number of layers in the model on 1-D traveltime velocity inversion. The synthetic data generated from the known velocity model and hypocentral parameters allow us to test the accuracy of traveltime inversion. One dimensional traveltime inversion is performed using the hypocentral parameters determined by GA-MHYPO. The accuracy of traveltime velocity inversion with the synthetic data is tested by changing the number of events, the source positions, and the number of layers in a model. The estimated velocities in each layer are almost the same as the true velocity if the true depths of layer boundaries are known, accurate hypocentral parameters are used, and each layer has more than one event. The estimated weighted average velocity is close to the true one independent of the number of layers in the model and the number of events. The velocity errors in each layer decrease as the numbers of events in each layer increase in general. The estimated velocities using the noisy data are similar to those from the error-free data. However, the former has slightly larger velocity errors than the latter. Traveltime inversion may yield artificial low-velocity layers depending on used conditions. These results of synthetic studies are applied to the traveltime inversion of the Himalaya Nepal-Tibet Seismic Experiment earthquake data to estimate the detailed 1-D velocity structure beneath Nepal region. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351264 | oai_dc | Phylogenetic relationships among Adelograptus, Ancoragraptus and Psigraptus | Phylogenetic relationships among Adelograptus, Ancoragraptus and Psigraptus | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Hyun Su Cho(Korea National University of Education); Jeong Yul Kim(Korea National University of Education); Yeong Pil Jin(Korea National University of Education)"
] | New graptolite material from the Mungok Formation, Yeongwol, Korea, suggests that psigraptids evolved from a species of Ancoragraptus. The main trait of the proposed lineage is a reclined rhabdosome, stipe reduction, and metathecal separation. Ancoragraptus psigraptoides new species, which is the intermediary between Adelograptus sp. 1 and Psigraptus jacksoni, is described. The free metasicula and slightly reclined stipes appear first in Ancoragraptus psigraptoides. A possible route for the lineage is discussed: Adelograptus sp. 1–Ancoragraptus psigraptoides–Psigraptus jacksoni. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351285 | oai_dc | Characteristics of discontinuity spacing of Yeongdeok granite | Characteristics of discontinuity spacing of Yeongdeok granite | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Krishna C. Devkota(Kyungpook National University); Jung-Eun Ham(Kyungpook National University); 김교원(경북대학교)"
] | Discontinuities are major geological features in the rock mass. They can be distributed evenly, randomly, clustered or in combinations of all these. Discontinuity spacing is one of the important parameters in describing the quality of a complete rock mass. Discontinuity surveys are carried out in the field by examining recovered drill-core to estimate possible distributions for discontinuity geometry parameters of rock masses. Discontinuity spacing and frequency data obtained at a field site in eastern Korea were examined by plotting histograms for the two parameters. The examination clearly showed that discontinuity spacing follows negative exponential distribution. A relationship has been established between mean discontinuity frequency and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) as RQDt =100e-λt(1+λt), where t refers threshold value, e is a mathematical constant and λ is an average number of discontinuities per meter. This equation enables the utilization of different threshold values of t in addition to the conventional value of 0.10 m. It helps to characterize a rock mass in terms of RQD. Therefore this study showed that the conventional threshold value is not always sensitive to study discontinuity spacing in rock masses. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351271 | oai_dc | Determination of gravity at MunGyung (Mungyeong) superconducting gravity observatory, Korea | Determination of gravity at MunGyung (Mungyeong) superconducting gravity observatory, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김기동(Korea National Institute of Environmental Research); Jeong Woo Kim(University of Calgary); Juergen Neumeyer(University of Calgary); Ricky Kao(National Chiao Tung University); Cheinway Hwang(National Chiao Tung University); 박혁진(Sejong University); Ik Woo(Kunsan National University); Young Wook Lee(Induk Instit... | Absolute gravity measurements were made to calibrate
Korea’s first superconducting gravimeter (SG) at MunGyung
(MG, Mungyeong) Observatory. A calibration coefficient (CC) of
the MG SG was determined by a parallel registration with an FG5
absolute gravimeter. A total of 8,541 drops were measured over a
period of 37 hours between October 8th and 10th, 2007. We first
determined the absolute gravity value to be 979,859,179.3 ± 88.481
μGal (μGal=10−8 m·s−2) after atmospheric pressure, Earth tide and
ocean loading corrections. In a linear regression analysis between the
FG5 recordings and the raw SG data, a CC of 64.548 ± 0.224 μGal·
volt–1 was determined, having previously removed invalid drops and
outliers from the data sets. Together with the absolute measurements,
a vertical gravity gradient of 2.72 μGal·cm–1 was calculated
using a Graviton-EG spring gravimeter to take the absolute gravity
value down to the SG observatory platform level. The validity of
the CC was additionally tested by a comparison between the recorded
SG data and the theoretical tides (HW95 and Wahr-Dehant models)
as reference. Gravity variations induced by atmospheric pressure
and ocean loading were added to the theoretical Earth tides. The CC
based on the theoretical tide was determined to be 64.560 μGal·volt–1.
The difference between the two coefficients is 0.012 μGal· volt–1,
which lies within the standard error of the determined coefficient,
0.224 μGal·volt–1. Therefore, a value of 64.548 μGal·volt–1, determined
by the parallel registration with the absolute gravimeter, was accepted
as the CC of the SG (GWR Instrument Inc. #045) installed at MG
Observatory. During the gravity measurements, the other gravity
values and heights such as normal gravity and the gravity gradient,
orthometric and dynamic heights were also calculated | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351297 | oai_dc | Seismic noise level variation in South Korea | Seismic noise level variation in South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"신동훈(한국지질자원연구원); Jin Soo Shin(KIGAM); 강태섭(Pukyong National University)"
] | Variations of seismic background noise in South Korea have been investigated using power spectral analysis. We have estimated the power spectral density of seismic noise for 30 broadband stations from 2005 to 2007. In the frequency range 1–5 Hz, diurnal variations of noise level and daily differences in daytime noise level are observed at most stations, suggesting that cultural activities contribute to the noise level of a station. The variation in the number of stations detecting an event, however, suggests that cultural noise has little influence on the detection capability of events over magnitude 2.0. In the frequency range 0.1–0.5 Hz, a double-frequency (DF) peak is dominant at all stations. Clear seasonal variations of peaks are observed, while much less shown in the frequency range 1–5 Hz. DF noise levels are higher in winter than in summer. Strong DF peaks occur in summer when Pacific typhoons near the Korean Peninsula. The discrepancy in time between DF peaks at seismic stations and peaks of significant wave height at buoys, as well as the decrease of DF peaks with increased latitude, indicate that the likely source region of DF peaks is located in the Southern Sea of Korea. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351261 | oai_dc | Fossil didemnid ascidian spicule records in the Plio-Quaternary marine clastics of the Antalya basin (Eastern Mediterranean) and their stratigraphic calibration to new nannofossil data | Fossil didemnid ascidian spicule records in the Plio-Quaternary marine clastics of the Antalya basin (Eastern Mediterranean) and their stratigraphic calibration to new nannofossil data | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Enis Kemal Sagular(Suleyman Demirel University)"
] | Although their existence in sedimentary rocks is rarely referred to in previous studies, fossil didemnid ascidian spicules were encountered in the rock samples of the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene marine clastics located in the Antalya Basin (Southern Turkey). Some ascidian spicules were identified in investigations of mudstone and sandstone rock samples from the Geceleme and Karpuzcay formations, from outcroppings around the Manavgat-Oymapinar and Antalya-Akseki Roads. These samples represent a clastic sedimentation belonging to a coastal or shelf area, and identified spicules include Monniotia cf. fasciculata, Micrascidites vulgaris Deflandre & Deflandre-Rigaud, Bonetia brevis Varol & Houghton, Bonetia truncata Varol & Houghton, and Rigaudia multiradiata Varol & Houghton. With the inclusion of abundant evidence of reworking of Early Pliocene, Early Miocene, Early-Mid Eocene, and Late Cretaceous deposits, nannofossil assemblages of these rock samples are probably indexed to the NN15–NN19 nannofossil zones. According to newly identified nannofossil data, it is concluded that these spicules were remnants of the Late Pliocene didemnids living on the southwest Anatolian shelf of the Eastern Mediterranean. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351278 | oai_dc | Groundwater supply under land subsidence constrains in the Nobi Plain | Groundwater supply under land subsidence constrains in the Nobi Plain | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Adrian H. Gallardo(AIST); Atsunao Marui(AIST); Shinji Takeda(Hytec Co.); Fumio Okuda(Hytec Co.)"
] | Groundwater overdraft resulted in land subsidence throughout the Nobi Plain, central Japan. To cope with the growing water demand in the region, a numerical model was used to determine the maximum withdrawal capacity of two confined aquifers without causing undesirable consequences. Results were validated against field data and by analytical solutions. The analysis focused in Aburashima, a site expected to experience a rapid development in the forthcoming years. Calculations showed the water availability in the upper aquifer is limited. Moreover, seasonal fluctuations in heads reduce its extraction capacity up to 44%. In contrast, storage is substantially higher in the deep aquifer. Larger quantities and lower extraction costs make this layer a more reliable source for water supply. Findings from this study will be used by authorities to update the current legislation on groundwater abstraction. Nevertheless, it is argued that to achieve a long-term sustainability, policies should not limit solely to control regulations but also to economical strategies and the expansion of the infrastructure system. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351257 | oai_dc | Correlation of TL layers for the synchronous paleoceanographic events in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) during the Late Quaternary | Correlation of TL layers for the synchronous paleoceanographic events in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) during the Late Quaternary | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김부근(부산대학교); Ryuji Tada(University of Tokyo); 박유현(KORDI); 박장준(한국지질자원연구원); Yoshiki Kido(Marine Works Japan Ltd); Takuya Itaki(AIST); Ken Ikehara(AIST)"
] | TL layers (i.e., dark mud layers), either thin or thick, as determined by the L* values with lithologic observation, are distinct paleoceanographic signatures in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), which were formed in response to the global eustatic sea-level fluctuations between interglacials and glacials during the Late Quaternary. These lithologic markers were consistently correlated among the three sediment cores (MD01-2407, 05GCRP21, and KR05-09PC1) collected from the Oki Ridge of the southern Yamato Basin, the South Korea Plateau of the northern Ulleung Basin, and the Matsumae Plateau of the northeastern Japan Basin, respectively. Reconstruction of age models for cores 05GCRP and KR05-09PC1 was aided in a good way by the AMS 14C ages of planktonic foraminifera and identification of the tephra layers, and mainly by lithostratigraphic correlation with TL layers of well-dated core MD01-2407, based on the L* values. The correlation of TL layers among the three sediment cores was remarkable, indicating that the East Sea (Sea of Japan) experienced the synchronous and basin-wide scale paleoceanographic events during the Late Quaternary. Our study exemplifies the significant usefulness of these lithologic markers for further Late Quaternary paleoceanographic investigation. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351299 | oai_dc | Assessments of natural and anthropogenic controls on the spatial distribution of stream water quality in Southeastern Korea | Assessments of natural and anthropogenic controls on the spatial distribution of stream water quality in Southeastern Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Kyung-Seok Ko(KIGAM); Jin-Soo Lee(KIGAM); Jae-Gon Kim(KIGAM); Jeonghoon Lee(California Institute of Technology)"
] | Hydrogeochemical and geostatistical analyses were conducted to evaluate natural and anthropogenic effects using stream water data of Southeastern Korea acquired through the Hydrogeochemical Survey Program of the Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources. The results of a variographic analysis of the spatial structure of stream water quality show that the semivarigrams of Ca, Mg, and HCO₃have similar patterns and regional distributions, reflecting the same geogenic source of Paleozoic, Tertiary, and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Although Ca and Mg originated from Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, the distribution of Mg is significantly different from that of Ca due to the presence of dolomite in northeastern area of Korea, which enhances the Mg concentration in stream water. Studies of mineralization and acid mine drainage resulting from previous mining activities reveal a high Ba in sedimentary rock from of Kyongsang basin, as well as anomalous concentration of Al, Fe, and SO₄in the Ogcheon and Tabaeksan mineralization areas. Saturation indices of barite determined using average Ba and SO₄concentrations in stream water suggest the existence of barite mineralization deposits in sedimentary rock of Kyongsang Group. Na, Cl, K, NO₃, and Cl, exhibit effects of anthropogenic and marine sources in the stream water, with increasing values near residential, agricultural, and coastal areas. Cokriging analyses employing Ca-HCO₃, Ca-Sr, Ba-SO₄, and Na-Cl also revealed the nature of bedrock geology, mineralization, and anthropogenic and marine sources. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351293 | oai_dc | Role of organic matter on electroosmotic properties and ionic modification of organic soils | Role of organic matter on electroosmotic properties and ionic modification of organic soils | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Afshin Asadi(University Putra Malaysia); Bujang B. K. Huat(University Putra Malaysia); Mohamed M. Hanafi(University Putra Malaysia); Thamer A. Mohamed(University Putra Malaysia); Nader Shariatmadari(Iran University of Science and Technology)"
] | Organic soils represent accumulations of disintegrated
plant remains that have been preserved under condition of
incomplete aeration and high water content. Using electrokinetic
(EK) techniques to improve organic soils entails evaluating factors
that define geoenvironmental behavior of organic soils. Electroosmotic
properties were investigated to conceptualize EK phenomena.
The results of the study showed that the zeta potential, specific
surface area, water contents, and liquid limit (LL) increased as the
organic content increased. The natural zeta potential of the organic
soils varied from -11.2 to -20.8 mV according to the organic content,
degree of humification, and soil pH. The negative charge in organic
soils is highly pH dependent and surface charge is dropped to zero
at pH 2.3 to 3.5. The greater degree of humification resulted in the
higher zeta potential and lower pH at the iso-electric point. This
paper also gives some insights on ionic modification, which is an
innovative method that could be employed to change the water
holding capacity of organic soils and its consistency. The Fe+3 ions
had 20 to 30% pronounced effect on decreasing LL according to
the organic content. Increasing the cation valence reduces the
affinity of water to the organic soil surface and decreases LL as a
major part of Atterberg’s consistency system. By the sound of peat
and its environment, there is a great likelihood that EK techniques
could be used to resolve peat’s difficulties from the geoenvironmental
viewpoint. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001351291 | oai_dc | Prelithified deformation of the Jurassic Bansong Group along the Gongsuwon Thrust, South Korea | Prelithified deformation of the Jurassic Bansong Group along the Gongsuwon Thrust, South Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이진한(고려대학교); 한래희(Hiroshima University); Jong Kyu Kim(SK Energy CO. LTD.)"
] | The Gongsuwon Thrust in the Taebaeksan Basin is one of the important regional structures for the Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Korean Peninsula. The late Early Jurassic Bansong Group (Daedong Supergroup) is structurally overlain by the early Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup along the thrust in the Yeongwol area. We present four lines of evidence indicating that the siliciclastics of the Bansong Group suffered a prelithified deformation within the fault zone of the Gongsuwon Thrust; (1) strain-free quartz clasts both in the hinge and limb areas of isoclinal folds of the sandstone layer, indicating granular flow, (2) intact gravels in the conglomerate with pressure shadows filled by sandstone or shale matrix, (3) injection of mud into sandy layers, and (4) lensoidal marble blocks (Joseon Supergroup) with plastically deformed calcite grains within siliciclastics of the Bansong Group. We suggest that the deposition of the Bansong Group and the thrusting were coeval during the middle Mesozoic Daebo tectonic event. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001197560 | oai_dc | Evaluation of nitrate contamination sources of unconfined groundwater in the North Han River basin of Korea using nitrogen isotope ratios | Evaluation of nitrate contamination sources of unconfined groundwater in the North Han River basin of Korea using nitrogen isotope ratios | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Woo-Jung Choi(서울대학교); Gwang-Hyun Han(서울대학교); Hee-Myong Ro(서울대학교); Sun-Ho Yoo(서울대학교); Sang-Mo Lee(서울대학교)"
] | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | ||||
ART000999553 | oai_dc | Persistence and bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in the environment | Persistence and bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in the environment | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Kyoungphile Nam(서울대학교); Jae Young Kim(서울대학교)"
] | The extensive use of hydrophobic organic compoundssuch as pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, and so onhas resulted in widespread environmental contamination, eitherby broad use or by improper disposal or other unintentionalreleases. These organic contaminants become progressively persistin the environments and hence less available to living organismsand extraction. This phenomenon has been termed aging orsequestration, and widely observed with many hydrophobicorganic compounds in soil, aquifer, and sediment. As a result ofaging, remediation efforts for cleaning up organic chemical-con-taminated sites have been challenged in removing so called gedor nonextractable residues which are not practically (bio) degradedor extracted. Some portion of persistent organic compounds maystill be present in a site of interested where extensive remedialeforts have been applied. Data colected so far demonstrate thataged fractions of toxic pollutants behave much differently fromunaged fractions in the environment so that they do not exhibit thechemicals' inherent toxicity. Biodegradation is one of the majormechanisms by which organic contaminants are transformed,imobilized, or mineralized in the environment. A clear under-standing of the major processes that affect the interactionsbetwen hydrophobic organic contaminants, microorganisms, andenvironmental matrix is thus important for determing persis-tence of the compounds, for predicting in situ transformationrates, and for developing site remediation programs. In thisreview, therefore, we will discuss some of the major factors gov-erning biodegradation and bioavailability of hydrophobic organiccontaminants in the environment. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000996684 | oai_dc | Human risk assessment of multiple contaminants in the subsurface | Human risk assessment of multiple contaminants in the subsurface | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jung-Ju Lee(Ewha Womans University); Jae-Woo Park(Ewha Womans University)"
] | In order to evaluate the human risks of multiplechemicals through multiple exposure routes, it was assumed thathumans are exposed to all the pollutants listed in the Korean SoilEnvironment Preservation Act (KSEPA) through multiple expo-sure routes. The combined carcinogenic risk and hazard indexwere 8.07E-05 and 4.04, respectively, so there might be concern forpotential adverse health effects if no remediation were to occursince both of these values exceeded the target values. Comparinghealth risks by the exposure routes and chemicals, the main por-tion was contributed from dermal contact with soil and polychlo-rinated biphenyls (PCBs), respectively. The carcinogenic risks ofarsenic and PCBs were so high that it is necessary to reconsiderthe regulatory concentration levels in KSEPA. It appeared that thehazard index of hydrophilic phenol and volatile benzene was rel-atively high in the groundwater and air, respectively. In the case ofBTEX compounds, it might be not reasonable to use the concen-tration of BTEX mixture as the current warning level because oftheir different toxicities and properties. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000999551 | oai_dc | Removal of phenanthrene from soil by additive-enhanced electrokinetics | Removal of phenanthrene from soil by additive-enhanced electrokinetics | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ji-Yeon Park(KAIST); Yan Chen(Southern Yangtz University); Jian Chen(Southern Yangtz University); Ji-Won Yang(KAIST)"
] | Removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs) using an additive-enhanced electrokinetic method wasstudied in a model system. Kaolinite and phenanthrene wereselected as a model clay soil and a representative HOC, respec-tively. Three different chemically-synthesized surfactants alongwith two diferent biosurfactants were used to remove phenan-threne. Hydrogen peroxide was also used to degrade phenan-threne. Electrokinetic (EK) column experiments were performedusing these additives. When no additive was used, a removal effi-ciency of phenanthrene was 4.23% after 2 weks. When surfac-tants were added in the EK system, the removal efficiencies after2 weeks were as follows: APG 11.1%, Brij30 6.31%, SDS 9.97%,MEL 16.2% and BS-UC 17.4%. Among surfactants, biosurfac-tants had higher removal efficiencies than chemically-synthesizedsurfactants. When hydrogen peroxide was used, 54.7% of initialamount was removed at a current of 5 mA for 2 weeks. Even ahigher removal efficiency was achieved (84.2%) at 10 mA within1 week. These results suggest a detailed future study on the chem-ical treatment by hydrogen peroxide incorporated with EK methodto remove phenanthrene from clay soil. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000999554 | oai_dc | Nitrate contamination of alluvial groundwaters in the Nakdong River basin, Korea | Nitrate contamination of alluvial groundwaters in the Nakdong River basin, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Joong-Hyuk Min(Korea University); 윤성택(고려대학교); 김강주(군산대학교); Hyoung-Soo Kim(Water Resources Research Institute Daejon); 한정상(연세대학교); 이광식(한국기초과학지원연구원)"
] | Nitrate (NO3-) is one of the most serious pollutantsencountered in shallow groundwater system. To secure the sus-tainable development of alluvial groundwaters, therefore, it isimportant to understand the source(s) and extent of nitrate pol-lution. In this paper, we have studied the hydrogeochemistry ofalluvial groundwaters (n=137) that were collected from irrigationand domestic wells in the Wolha, Daesan, and Yongdang areas onthe border of a lower reach of Nakdong River, Korea. The ana-lyzed nitrate concentrations range widely from below the detectionlimit to 383.4 mg/L NO3- (median=55.4 mg/L). About 58% of theexamined samples have the nitrate concentrations exceeding theKorean Drinking Water Standard (44.3 mg/L NO3- ). Agriculturalpractices in the study sites are the main cause of serious nitratepollution and control the hydrochemical facies change from Ca-HCO3 type toward Ca-NO3(Cl) type for the waters. However, thehydrochemical facies change also reflects the water-rock interac-tion and redox reactions in aquifer. The correlations betwennitrate concentration and other physicochemical data can be efec-tively used to understand the hydrochemical evolution and originsof major ions in waters. The d15N values of nitrate in waters (n=18)indicate two sources of nitrate pollution: (1) nitrates (d15N=4.3-6.2) originated from synthetic fertilizers applied in agriculturalland, and (2) nitrates (d15N=15.0-19.9) from animal manureand human wastes that were discharged from adjacent villageslocated at hydrogeologically upstream site. Based on the d15N andnitrate concentration data, we quantitatively evaluate the degreeof hydrologic mixing between the two nitrate sources (and corre-sponding two water bodies), which occurs through local infiltra-tion process along the groundwater flow direction. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000999552 | oai_dc | The frost penetration with the modified soil in the landfill bottom liner system | The frost penetration with the modified soil in the landfill bottom liner system | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jai-Young Lee(The University of Seoul); Song Lee(The University of Seoul)"
] | Many researchers have studied on the effect offreeze/thaw phenomena mainly on compacted soil samples ofsmall diameter. Most of the experiments done so far were appliedto study those effects on pavement design in civil engineering. Thepaper relates the freeze/thaw studies performed on large scaleequipment to better simulate these effects under the existing fieldconditions in a landfill. A large scale (1.0 m1.5 m2.0 m) labo-ratory simulates the field depth of the bottom liner systems withthe cold climate and it was also introduced many boundary con-ditions similar to those encountered in the landfill. As a bottomliner materials, the modified soil (mixed stabilizers, clays, cements,and clay minerals) was used instead of the natural clay. From bot-tom to top of this lysimeter, one can identify two layers: a) bottomliner of 30 cm; b) a stabilizer soil layer of 75 cm. As results of theperformed frezee/thaw simulations, it was found out that thedepth of frost penetration increased a few centimeters more with35-40 m/hr simulated than that performed without simulatedrainfall. Then, the frost heave increased a few millimeters. Also, afew cracks appeared, but they were not severe neither significantlyopened. The results showed that compacted modified soil is asmuch as reliable the regual compacted clay liners normally used inlandfil construction, submitd to strong winter conditions. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000996683 | oai_dc | Characteristics of contaminant release from lake sediment under different salinity and redox conditions | Characteristics of contaminant release from lake sediment under different salinity and redox conditions | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"배우근(한양대학교); 심호재(한양대학교); 최동호(한양대학교); 황병호(한양대학교); 신응배(한양대학교)"
] | Hieltjes, A.H.M. and Lijklema, L., 1980, Fractionation of inorganicphosphates in calcareous sediments. Journal of EnvironmentalQuality, 9, 405-407.Holdren Jr., G.C. and Armstrong, D.E., 1980, Factors affecting phos-phorus release from intact lake sediment cores. EnvironmentalScience and Technology, 14, 142-146.John, F., 1976, Phosphorus release and sorption by lake Mohegansediments. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 102, 873-880.Korean Marine Standard Method, 198, Ministry of Maritime Affairs& Fisheries, Korean, 317 p.Salomons, W. and Forstner, U., 1991, Metals in the Hydrocycle.Springer-Verlag, New York, 215 p.Manuscript received November 20, 2001Manuscript accepted March 1, 2002 | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000999555 | oai_dc | Electrokinetic remediation strategy considering ground strata: A review | Electrokinetic remediation strategy considering ground strata: A review | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Soo-Sam Kim(Hanyang University); Sang-Jae Han(Hanyang University); Yong-Sil Cho(Chung-Ang University)"
] | A number of remediation technology have devel-oped and available for the remediation of contaminated ground.Although many established technology used ground decontamina-tion, complete remediation of fine-grained soil is impossible withconventional technology. Therefore, emerging electrokinetic tech-nology could be feasible techniques. For the application of elec-trokinetic technology, however, should overcome some limitations.Enhanced electrokinetic technology, hybrid and combined tech-nology make possible overcoming limitations. In this research, forthe practical remedial action by electrokinetic technology, a reme-dial selection flow chart and eight conceptual models with five soiltypes were suggested. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001006669 | oai_dc | Cretaceous thermal event around the Gongsuwon thrust in the northeastern Okcheon belt: evidence from Rb-Sr geochronology of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks | Cretaceous thermal event around the Gongsuwon thrust in the northeastern Okcheon belt: evidence from Rb-Sr geochronology of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"사공희(연세대학교); 권성택(연세대학교); 한래희(고려대학교); 이진한(고려대학교)"
] | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | ||||
ART001004876 | oai_dc | Electrokinetically enhanced transport of organic and inorganic phosphorus in a low permeability soil | Electrokinetically enhanced transport of organic and inorganic phosphorus in a low permeability soil | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Goontaek Lee(서울대학교); Heemyong Ro(서울대학교); Sukyoung Lee(Samsung Corporation); Sangmo Lee(서울대학교)"
] | The transport of P sources (organic and inorganicphosphorus) using electrokinetic process through a low-permeabil-ity soil was investigated. A series of batch experiments was conductedto construct the adsorption isotherms of KH2PO4 and triethyl phos-phate (TEP) on kaolin soils. Approximately 60.3% of phosphorusfrom KH2PO4 was adsorbed within 24 hours, and the maximumadsorption (73%) was attained at 6 days after adsorption. In contrast,TEP showed no P adsorption in 7 days, thus suggesting an alter-native P source that may maintain a favorable proportion ofC:N:P through the effective delivery during in situ bioremediationin low permeability soils. Experiments using electrokinetic processwere carried out with electrokinetic reactor having a hydraulicconductivity of 1.99×107 cm s1 for a 0.01 M NaCl aqueous solution.TEP and KH2PO4 were used as organic P source and inorganic Psource, respectively, and introduced individually into a chambernear the platinum anode and near the platinum cathode, respec-tively. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was not distributed uni-formly along the soil column and most of transported phosphoruswas changed to water-insoluble aluminum phosphate after 12 daysof treatment, indicating the decrease of bioavailability of the phos-phorus. In case of TEP, the advancing P front progressed with time,resulting in uniform P distribution through the kaolin column. Interms of transport, organic phosphorus, TEP, would be a moreeffective P source than inorganic phosphorus, KH2PO4, in electro-kinetic enhanced bioremediation. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001004140 | oai_dc | Sensitivities of generalized RRI method for CSAMT survey | Sensitivities of generalized RRI method for CSAMT survey | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박미경(부경대학교); 설순지(부경대학교); 김희준(부경대학교)"
] | This paper presents sensitivity analysis for general-ized rapid relaxation inversion (GRRI) algorithm, which was orig-inally developed by modifying the RRI algorithm to recover a two-dimensional (2-D) conductivity structure from MT data, to inter-pret controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT)data. The GRRI algorithm can be extended to invert CSAMT datasourceeffect. GRRI approximate sensitivities are validated by comparingwith exact 1-D and 2.5-D sensitivities. The comparison shows thatthe GRRI sensitivity is a good approximation to the exact sensitivityand has about half magnitude of the RRI sensitivity. Although themagnitude of the GRRI sensitivity is still slightly larger than that ofthe 2.5-D sensitivity, both sensitivities are broadly similar in shapewhen source-receiver offsets are greater than one skin depth in theearth. This suggests that the GRRI approach can be sucesfully | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128211 | oai_dc | Palynological study on vegetation and climatic change in the subaqueous Changjiang (Yangtze River) delta, China, during the past about 1600 years | Palynological study on vegetation and climatic change in the subaqueous Changjiang (Yangtze River) delta, China, during the past about 1600 years | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sangheon Yi(KIGAM); Yoshiki Saito(Geological Survey of Japan, Japan); Zhongyuan Chen(East China Normal University, China); Dong Yoon Yang(KIGAM)"
] | The wel-defined pollen record in massive marineclay deposits from the subaqueous Changjiang (Yangtze River)delta reveals changes in vegetation and inferred climate during thelast about 1600 years. Climatic periods inferred from the pollentively warm/wet conditions comparable to Medieval Warm Period(AD 9101085) with a strengthen summer monsoon, (3) a relativelycool and wet conditions possibly corresponding to Little Ice Age(LIA; AD 10851815) with a weaken summer monsoon, and finally(4) the present warm period, since AD 1815. The pollen aridityindex based on variations in humidity suggests that thre subpe-riods within the LIA can be identified: wet LIA-1 (AD 10851170),dry LIA-2 (AD 11701330), and wet LIA-3 (AD 13301815). | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128263 | oai_dc | The Jangsan and Myeonsan Formations (Early Cambrian) of the Taebaek Group, mideast Korea: depositional processes and environments | The Jangsan and Myeonsan Formations (Early Cambrian) of the Taebaek Group, mideast Korea: depositional processes and environments | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"J. Woo(서울대학교); Y. J. Shinn(KIGAM); Y. K. Kwon(KIGAM); S. K. Chough(서울대학교)"
] | The present study focuses on the depositional pro-cesses and environments of the lower part of the Taebaek Group(Cambrian-Ordovician) during the initial basin-forming inunda-tion of the Taebaeksan Basin, an eastern margin of the NorthChina platform. The lowermost part of the Taebaek Group is rep-Myeonsan formations. The Jangsan Formation consists of cross-bedded, massive, and foreset-bedded quartzose sandstone (quartz-ite) interpreted as shallow marine deposits ranging from innershelf to nearshore environments. The deposition occurred in a sta-ble cratonic basin where continuous subsidence and the accom-panied sea-level rise accommodated the large supply of sediments.The Myeonsan Formation comprises basal disorganized conglom-erate, cross-beded and laminated sandstone, and homogeneousor laminated mudstone, which largely formed in a tidally influ-margin of the basin, as represented by the basal mass-flow con-glomerate and the rapid transition to the tide-influenced marinesuccession. In the Early Cambrian the initial sedimentation in theTaebaeksan Basin was largely controlled by abundant sedimentsupply, acompanied with sea-level rise. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128264 | oai_dc | Evaluation of hydrogeologic conditions for groundwater heat pumps: analysis with data from national groundwater monitoring stations | Evaluation of hydrogeologic conditions for groundwater heat pumps: analysis with data from national groundwater monitoring stations | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jin-Yong Lee(GeoGreen21); Jong-Ho Won(Korea Water Resources Corporation); Jeong-Sang Hahn(Yonsei University)"
] | Groundwater can be used as an alternative renewableand clean energy source for space heating and cooling. Hydrogeo-logic conditions of Korea were evaluated for application of ground-water heat pumps (GWHPs), especially for open-loop system.Groundwater data obtained from the national groundwater moni-toring stations (NGMSs) were used for the purpose. Temperatures25.8°C andtheir annual variations are mostly within 10°C. Especially thesmall amplitude of variation for deep groundwaters can facilitatedesign and maintenance of groundwater heat pumps. Groundwa-ter levels for shallow and deep wells are located at average 4.796.07 m below ground surface. The shallow water levels are mostpromising for groundwater heat pumps, which reduces pumpingcosts. A large number of monitoring wels showed a good welyield exceeding a requirement for 3 RT heat pumps for small res-idential purposes but a limited application is expected for largecommercial uses with the single well. Some proportions of shallowand deep groundwaters exhibited scaling and corrosion potentialsin respect to hardness, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolvedsolids, bicarbonate and chloride. Each relevant parameter wasseparately evaluated in this study but the parameters are closelycorrelated. Thus for more detailed and quantitative examinationof water quality conditions for GWHPs, integrated and extensivechemical analysis of groundwaters are esentially required. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128210 | oai_dc | Detrital modes of the East Gobi Basin (Ondor-Bogd area) sandstones (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) in southeastern Mongolia and their geological implications | Detrital modes of the East Gobi Basin (Ondor-Bogd area) sandstones (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) in southeastern Mongolia and their geological implications | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Luvsanchultem Jargal(National University of Mongolia, Mongolia); Yong Il Lee(서울대학교)"
] | The transport of P sources (organic and inorganicphosphorus) using electrokinetic process through a low-permeabil-ity soil was investigated. A series of batch experiments was conductedto construct the adsorption isotherms of KH2PO4 and triethyl phos-phate (TEP) on kaolin soils. Approximately 60.3% of phosphorusfrom KH2PO4 was adsorbed within 24 hours, and the maximumadsorption (73%) was attained at 6 days after adsorption. In contrast,TEP showed no P adsorption in 7 days, thus suggesting an alter-native P source that may maintain a favorable proportion ofC:N:P through the effective delivery during in situ bioremediationin low permeability soils. Experiments using electrokinetic processwere carried out with electrokinetic reactor having a hydraulicconductivity of 1.99×107 cm s1 for a 0.01M NaCl aqueous solution.TEP and KH2PO4 were used as organic P source and inorganic Pnear the platinum anode and near the platinum cathode, respec-tively. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was not distributed uni-formly along the soil column and most of transported phosphoruswas changed to water-insoluble aluminum phosphate after 12 daysof treatment, indicating the decrease of bioavailability of the phos-phorus. In case of TEP, the advancing P front progressed with time,resulting in uniform P distribution through the kaolin column. Interms of transport, organic phosphorus, TEP, would be a moreeffective P source than inorganic phosphorus, KH2PO4, in electro-kinetic enhanced bioremediation. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001004685 | oai_dc | Microtextures on detrital quartz grains of upper Maastrichtian-Danian rocks of the Cauvery Basin, Southeastern India: implications for provenance and depositional environments | Microtextures on detrital quartz grains of upper Maastrichtian-Danian rocks of the Cauvery Basin, Southeastern India: implications for provenance and depositional environments | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"J. Madhavaraju(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico); Yong Il Lee(서울대학교); J.S. Armstrong-Altrin(Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico); S.M. Hussain(University of Madras, India)"
] | Quartz grains from the Kallamedu (late Maastrich-tian) and lower Niniyur (Danian) Formations, Cauvery Basin,Southeast India were examined under a scanning electron microscope,and twenty three distinct microtextures were observed. Thesemechanical (thirteen features), mechanical and/or chemical (fivefeatures) and chemical (five features) origins. Quartz grains fromthe Kallamedu and lower Niniyur Formations show conchoidalfractures, straight steps and arcuate steps which are the charac-teristic microtextures of quartz grains derived from crystallinesource rocks. Quartz grains from the upper Kallamedu and lowerNiniyur Formations show angular to subangular outline, whereasthose from the lower Kallamedu Formation show subangular torounded outline. The dominance of angular to subangular grainsand the presence of straight and arcuate steps suggest that theseclastic sediments were undergone short transportation and rapidKallamedu Formation suggests that significant amounts of quartzgrains are of recycled origin. Vs, straight scratches and curvedscratches, the characteristic features of marine environment, are com-mon on the quartz grains from the lower Niniyur Formation, whichis consistent with the previous interpretation. However, quartz grainsfrom the lower Kallamedu Formation exhibit very low frequency ofthese features, whereas they are moderately present in the upperKallamedu Formation, suggestive of a change in depositional con-ditions with time. The lower Kallamedu Formation exhibits planarenvironment. The unfossiliferous upper Kallamedu Formation containsappreciable amount of illite and mixed-layer (illite/smectite) clayminerals, which suggests that the saline conditions prevailed dur-ing its deposition. Microtextures on the quartz grains coupled withdominant clay mineral types suggest the deltaic depositional envi-ronments for the upper Kallamedu Formation. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001006675 | oai_dc | 230Th/234U dating of Holocene mollusk shells from Jeju Island, Korea, by multiple collectors inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry | 230Th/234U dating of Holocene mollusk shells from Jeju Island, Korea, by multiple collectors inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정창식(한국기초과학지원연구원); M.S. Choi(Chungnam National University); B.K. Khim(Pusan National University); 손영관(경상대학교); S.-T. Kwon(Yonsei University)"
] | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | ||||
ART001195943 | oai_dc | The effect of ionic strength and hardness of trichloroethylene-contaminated synthetic groundwater on remediation using granular activated carbon | The effect of ionic strength and hardness of trichloroethylene-contaminated synthetic groundwater on remediation using granular activated carbon | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Joong-Hyeok Heo(서울대학교); Dal-Heui Lee(Yonsei University); 고동찬(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Ho-Wan Chang(서울대학교)"
] | The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect ofionic strength and hardnes of trichloroethylene (TCE)-contami-nated synthetic groundwater on remediation using granular acti-vated carbon (GAC). The TCE sorption rate onto GAC in syntheticfrom 86.2% to 100%. As the ionic strength and hardness of thesynthetic groundwater increased, the TCE sorption rates decreased.The sorption kinetics of the GAC were also analyzed by kineticmodels. The Elovich model was more successfuly applicable to thesorption kinetics than the Pseudo-first-order model. During thesorption, a greater amount of cations in groundwater were adsorbedthan anions. The sorption capacity of GAC was affected by cationsin groundwater. The GAC surface area was 958.98 m2/g and the2/g, whichcomprised 33.2 % of the GAC surface area. Our experimentsshowed that TCE remediation was influenced by the ionic strengthand hardness of groundwater. The results of these experimentswere confirmed by two different models and sorption areas.Therefore, the ionic strength and hardnes of groundwater mustbe considered in the remediation of TCE-contaminated ground-water using GAC. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001195942 | oai_dc | Seismic reflection image of the crust structure along the KCRT-2002 profile in the southern Korean peninsula | Seismic reflection image of the crust structure along the KCRT-2002 profile in the southern Korean peninsula | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ki Young Kim(Kangwon National University); Jung Mo Lee(Kyungpook National University); Chang-Eob Baag(서울대학교); Wooil M. Moon(University of Manitoba); Heeok Jung(Kunsan National University); So Young Lee(Kangwon National University)"
] | In order to reveal the perspective of velocity struc-ture in the southern part of the Korean peninsula, a seismic exper-iment was carried out along a WNW-ESE profile of 294-km lengthin December, 2002. In 100-m deep dril-holes, seismic explosives of1000 and 500 kg were detonated on the west coast and near thecenter of the profile, respectively. The seismic signals were detectedby 198 portable seismometers spaced approximately at an 1.5 kminterval and digitally recorded for 115 s at an 120-Hz samplingrate. Normal moveout corrections were applied to yield reflectionimages for P, S, and PS converted waves followed by time-to-depthconversion through forward modeling of travel times using thefourth-order equation for wide angle reflections. Three distinctreflection events are identified at average two-way travel times ofTheir converted depths are 13.71, 23.37, and 33.67 km, respec-tively, and the P-wave interval velocities betwen the depth bound-aries including the free surface are 5.60, 6.19, and 6.96 km/s fromtop to bottom. The reflection Moho is imaged as a sharp boundaryin the midle of the profile while multi-layers are featured nearboth ends of the profile. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001079995 | oai_dc | Groundwater chemistry and ionic ratios in a western coastal aquifer of Buan, Korea: implication for seawater intrusion | Groundwater chemistry and ionic ratios in a western coastal aquifer of Buan, Korea: implication for seawater intrusion | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jin-Yong Lee(Kangwon National University); Sung-Ho Song(Korea Rural Community and Agriculture Corporation)"
] | Seawater intrusion was studied in a monitoringwel field, located in western coastal area of Buan, Korea usinggroundwater chemistry and ionic ratios. Most of the study areais paddy fields apart from 200-2,500 m from the coast. Thegroundwaters affected by the seawater intrusion featured highlevels of Cl and TDS, which are the simplest common indica-tive correlation with the other major parameters except fornitrate. High levels of NO3 at some monitoring wells indicatednitrate pollution of groundwaters due to anthropogenic originsuch as septic effluents or chemical fertilizers. Based on thepiper plot, it was inferred that the groundwater salinizationoccurred via mixing and cation exchange reaction between twoend members (fresh or less affected groundwater and the sea-water). Beside of the major chemical compositions, it was dem-onstrated that ionic ratios would be useful to delineateseawater intrusion and they include HCO3Mg/Cl and Ca/SO4. Cluster analysis based on these ratios pro-duced an equivalent result to that of using the major chemicalcompositions. Finally, to differentiate causes of the high salinityin groundwaters betwen anthropogenic origin (excessivegroundwater use) and natural phenomenon (seawater intrusionwedge), consecutive monitoring of groundwater is required for multi-years. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001197780 | oai_dc | Effects of hysteresis in k-S-p relationships on the performance of minewaste soil covers | Effects of hysteresis in k-S-p relationships on the performance of minewaste soil covers | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Kun Sang Lee(Kyonggi University)"
] | Soil covers are widely used in mine waste and land-fill applications to protect the environment. The finite-elementbased model was used to simulate the vertical flow of waterthrough unsaturated cover soils. A hysteretic model for two-phasepermeability-saturation-presure (k-S-p) relations is implementedin unsaturated flow model to predict temporal and spatial fluiddistributions in a soil cover. A representation of hysteretic soilhydraulic properties is based on a combination of van Genutchensequation and statistical model for relative permeability. Predic-tions of k-S-p relations along major flow paths are presented forfine sand, silt, and coarse sand. Employing hysteretic and nonhys-teretic relationships, this study also presents a comparison of sat-uration profiles in four different cover soils: fine sand, silt, andcoarse sand as single covers and multi-layered soils. A number ofthe cover soils subject to downward drainage due to gravity andinfiltration under various conditions of at the top and bottom. Thenumerical results indicate that simulation of water flow involvingsaturation path reversals may produce significant differences betwenhysteretic and nonhysteretic results. Considerations should begiven to effects of hysteresis in hydraulic properties to acuratelypredict fluid distributions in a cover soil. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001079992 | oai_dc | Origin of E-MORB in a fossil spreading center: the Antarctic-Phoenix Ridge, Drake Passage, Antarctica | Origin of E-MORB in a fossil spreading center: the Antarctic-Phoenix Ridge, Drake Passage, Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Won Hie Choe(Korea Polar Research Institute); Jong Ik Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); Mi Jung Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Soon Do Hur(Korea Polar Research Institute); 진영근(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | The fossilized Antarctic-Phoenix Ridge (APR) with three segments (P1, P2, and P3), Drake Passage, is distant from the known hotspots, and consists of older N-MORB formed prior to the extinction of spreading and younger E-MORB after extinction. The older N-MORB (3.5-6.4 Ma) occur in the southeastern flank of the P3 segment (PR3) and the younger E-MORB (1.4-3.1 Ma) comprise a huge seamount at the former ridge axis of the P3 segment (SPR) and a big volcanic edifice at the northwestern flank of the P2 segment (PR2). The PR3 basalts have higher Mg#, K/Ba, and CaO/Al2O3 and lower Zr/Y, Sr, and Na8.0 (fractionation-corrected Na2O to 8.0% MgO) with slight enrichment in incompatible elements and almost flat REE patterns. The SPR and PR2 basalts are highly enriched in incompatible elements and LREE. The extinction of spreading at 3.3 Ma seems to have led to a temporary magma oversupply with E-MORB signatures. Geochemical signatures such as Ba/TiO2, Ba/La, and Sm/La suggest the heterogeneity of upper mantle and formation of E-MORB by higher contribution of enriched materials (e.g., metasomatized veins) to mantle melting than the N-MORB environment. E-MORB magmas beneath the APR seem to have been produced by low-degree melting at deeper regime, where enriched materials have preferentially participated in the melting. The occurrence of E-MORB at the APR is a good example to better understand what kinds of magmatism would occur in association with extinction of the ridge spreading. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001079994 | oai_dc | Full-waveform inversion algorithm for interpreting crosshole radar data: a theoretical approach | Full-waveform inversion algorithm for interpreting crosshole radar data: a theoretical approach | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Seiichiro Kuroda(National Institute for Rural Engineering); Mutsuo Takeuchi(National Institute for Rural Engineering); 김희준(부경대학교)"
] | Ground-penetrating radar is a useful tool for civiland environmental engineering fields because of its high resolvingpower and non-destructive measurements. This paper presents amethod of full-waveform inversion of borehole radar data forimaging permittivity structures. The inversion algorithm is basedon a conjugate gradient search for the minimum of an error func-tional relating to the difference betwen measured and predicteddata. A small model perturbation in the functional can be efficientlycalculated by propagating the data eror back into the model inreverse time and correlating the field generated by the back-prop-agation with the corresponding incident field at each point. Afinite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used for solvingMaxwells equations to obtain incident electromagnetic wavefields.Back-propagated wavefields satisfy adjoint Maxwells equations,which are stable in reverse time and can be solved by the sameconfiguration, thereby demonstrating its capability to reconstructpermittivity structures. Tests on a two-dimensional synthetic modelproduce good images of target scatterers and show stable convergence. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001079993 | oai_dc | Particle fluxes and δ15N variation of sinking particles in the central Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) | Particle fluxes and δ15N variation of sinking particles in the central Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김부근(부산대학교); Dongseon Kim(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Hyong Chul Shin(Korea Polar Research Institute); Dong Yup Kim(Korea Polar Research Institute)"
] | Sediment-trap deployment in the central Bransfield Strait during 1999/2000 shows distinct seasonal variation of particle fluxes, in which more than 99% of total annual flux occurred during a limited time. A more positive relationship between biogenic silica and total organic carbon fluxes in the intermediate-water sediment trap demonstrates that the surface-water production (mainly diatoms) played an important role in the supply of biogenic particles during the short period. The low 15N values of particulate organic particles are attributed to high nitrate concentration in the Antarctic surface waters. The gradual increasing 15N values in the bottom-water trap from the productive to unproductive season are likely associated with a switch in source from diatom aggregates to some remains of zooplankton, supplement to the horizontal contribution of lithogenic particles presumably from nearby shallow environment. Thus, the 15N enrichment of sinking particles in the bottom-water trap during December to early February seems to be due to the laterally transported materials, assuming that the 15N values decrease with depth in the Antarctic Polar Frontal region | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001197781 | oai_dc | On the stochastic simulation procedure of estimating critical hydraulic gradient for gas storage in unlined rock caverns | On the stochastic simulation procedure of estimating critical hydraulic gradient for gas storage in unlined rock caverns | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김지태(국립방재교육연구원); 조원철(연세대학교); 정일문(한국건설기술연구원); 허준행(연세대학교)"
] | We investigated some aspects of spatial variabilityand their effect on critical hydraulic gradient which is essential forgas containment of underground storage caverns. Monte Carlotechnique can be effectively aplied to obtain an aproximate solutionuniform medium. For the stochastic simulation we generatedhydraulic conductivity field on the selected grid resolution usingHYDRO_GEN with estimated (based on actual data) ln-K statis-tics with mean, variance, anisotropic integral scales. In this study,among various covariance functions, a Gaussian covariance func-tion (GCF) was used. To find the critical value of the hydraulicgradient, probability density functions (PDFs) using 1000 outputsat an interested cell were developed. The results obtained in thisstudy were compared with previous results for an exponentialcovariance function (ECF). It was found that in a stationary ln Konly on the variance and integral scale of the ln K field but also onthe shape of its covariance function. From these results we canconclude that the critical range of hydraulic gradient is signifi-cantly affected by the type of covariance function. Thus, whencritical hydraulic gradient is to be determined one should considershape of covariance function as well as statistical parameters suchas mean, variance and correlation scale. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000941458 | oai_dc | The role of digital imagery in characterising different styles of mineralization | The role of digital imagery in characterising different styles of mineralization | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Len C. Cranfield(Geological Survey of Queensland); Vijay K. Vohora(The University of Hong Kong); Susan L. Donoghue(The University of Hong Kong)"
] | A total of one hundred and twenty thre gold-bear-ing mineral deposits in the Charters Towers area west of Town-swille, Queensland, Australia were initially classified into fournamed and unnamed separate vein styles, with different trendsdeposits. The area has vein deposits in Ordovician and Siluriangranitoids and breccia-style in the Carboniferous volcanics. In thispaper a modeling of these deposits is described using geologicalmapping, landscape analysis and digital imagery (Landsat TMand geophysics) to improve the classification and identification ofpossible new target for exploration. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128595 | oai_dc | Electroosmosis and pore pressure development characteristics in lead contaminated soil during electrokinetic remediation | Electroosmosis and pore pressure development characteristics in lead contaminated soil during electrokinetic remediation | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Sang-Jae Han(Hanyang University); 김수삼(한양대학교); Byung-Il Kim(Hanyang University)"
] | Physical and chemical reactions occur during theelectrokinetic treatment. When an electric current was applied tosoil for some duration, fluid transport phenomena occurred in thesoil-water system and the characteristics of soil-water interfacevaried according to the pH levels due to electrolysis. In addition,reactions occurring within the electrokinetic system are changedaccording to the inter-reactions of the clay property and electro-hydraulic conductivity. In this study, the hydraulic phenomenaelectrokinetic remediation treatment of lead contaminated soil. Todo this, laboratory testing on the lead-contaminated soil was per-formed and the pH distribution, electroosmotic flow, and porepressure were measured. The zeta potential, with respect to con-taminant concentration and pH level, was also investigatedthrough the analysis of the physicochemical relationships. Theflow velocity of the electroosmosis was found to be sensitive to thechemical characteristics of the clay and contaminant concentra-tion. As the concentration of lead increased, the flow ratedecreased and negative pore pressure occurs near the cathodedue to the differences in flow rates between the electrodes. Thisnegative pore water pressure was proportionate to the flow rate,i.e., a larger flow rate developed a larger negative pore water pres-sure. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128646 | oai_dc | Preliminary crustal movement study around the Honam shear zone and Okchon Belt (South Korea) using GPS observations | Preliminary crustal movement study around the Honam shear zone and Okchon Belt (South Korea) using GPS observations | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Ahmed M. Hamdy(National Research Institute of Astronomy And Geophysics); Pil-Ho Park(Korea Astronomy Observatory); Bong Gon Jo(Chonbuk National University)"
] | Crustal movement around the Honam shear zone
and the Okchon Belt was estimated by using five GPS stations
data. The data had been collected from two campaigns; each of
them had five days long continuous observation and separated by
one-year time span. The average velocity in this area is less than
2.4 mm/year and the depicted strain is less than 0.053 micro-strain/
year. The fault line structure together with the principal axis of
compression was used to determine the nature of strain and the
direction of movements; the results demonstrate the presence of
relative movement between the Okchon Belt and its surrounding
blocks “Yeongnam Massif and Kyonggi Massif”. In spite of the
fact that these results are obtained from one-year time span, they
suggest the presence of relative movement between Okchon Belt
and its surrounding massifs. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128452 | oai_dc | The origin of massive diamicton in Marian and Potter coves, King George Island, West Antarctica | The origin of massive diamicton in Marian and Potter coves, King George Island, West Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"윤호일(한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소); 유규철(한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소); Byong-Kwon Park(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Yeadong Kim(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); 김부근(부산대학교); Cheon-Yun Kang(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute)"
] | Marine sediment cores were obtained from in frontof the tidewater glaciers in Marian and Poter coves in the SouthShetland Islands in the austral summer of 1998-1999. Sedimento-logical and geochemical data from these cores document anadvance of ice tongue for the deposition of clast-supported, mas-sive diamicton, interpreted as having been produced by ice raftingin front of glacier margin and/or releasing of clasts from basaldebris zones in the sub-ice tongue setting. A C-14 chronology fora core indicates that glacial advance took place ca. 1450-1700 yrsB.P., coincident with warm, humid phase in the study area. Duringthis period, the glacier margin was likely to advance and releasediamicton clasts, inferred from a reduction in the total organiccarbon content, and an increase in sand and clasts within thediamicton facies. The glacial advance probably caused enhancedice-edge blooms near the core sites, resulting in increased abun-dance of sea-ice related diatoms i.e., Fragilariopsis curta and Fragi-lariopsis cylindrus in the diamicton. The warm and humid conditionsbetwen 1450-1700 yrs B.P. might allow the intrusion of warmcircumpolar dep water within the fjords, bringing about increasedFragilariposis kerguelensis.On the other hands, this warming condition probably prohibitedthe intrusion of Weddell Ice shelf water from the fjord, as evi-denced by lack of cold water form, Thalassiosira antarctica, in thediamicton. Clearly, the response of the outlet glacier system alongthe periphery of the South Shetland Islands Ice Sheet during thelate Holocene warm, humid period (1450-1700 yrs B.P.) wasexpansion. Thus the process of clast-supported massive diamictonformation is likely to be applicable to a number of areas of themodern and Quaternary Antarctic Peninsula. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART000941457 | oai_dc | The effect of spatial resolution on the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study in Boun, Korea | The effect of spatial resolution on the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study in Boun, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Saro Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources); 최재원(연세대학교); 우익(세종대학교)"
] | The authors have evaluated the effect of spatial res-olution on the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping. Forthis purpose, landslide locations were identified from the interpre-tation of aerial photographs and field surveys in the Boun regionof Korea. Topography, soil, forest, geological, lineament and land-database using GIS and remote sensing data. The 15 factors thatinfluenced landslide occurrence were extracted and calculatedfrom the spatial database at 5, 10, 30, 100 and 200 m spatial res-olution. Hazardous landslide areas were analyzed and mappedusing the landslide-occurrence factors by employing a probabilitymodels frequency ratio for the five spatial resolutions. The resultsof the analysis were verified using the landslide location data andarea under success rate curve. The spatial resolutions of 5, 10 and30 m showed similar results (the normalized area values 0.97, 1.00and 0.92, respectively), but the 100 and 200 m spatial resolutionsshowed less well-verified data (the normalized area values 0.48,1:5,000-1:50,000, the 5, 10 and 30 m spatial resolutions had a sim-ilar accuracy, but the 100 and 200 m spatial resolutions had alower accuracy. From this, we conclude that spatial resolution hasan effect on the accuracy of landslide susceptibility, as it is depen-dent on the input map. At least, less than 30 m resolution is needfor landslide analysis in Korea where most of map scale is in therange 1:5,000-1:50,000. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128453 | oai_dc | Geochemistry of volcanic rocks in Barton and Weaver peninsulas, King George Island, Antarctica: Implications for arc maturity and correlation with fossilized volcanic centers | Geochemistry of volcanic rocks in Barton and Weaver peninsulas, King George Island, Antarctica: Implications for arc maturity and correlation with fossilized volcanic centers | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jeong Pil Yeo(서울대학교); Jong Ik Lee(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Soon Do Hur(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Byeon-Gak Choi(서울대학교)"
] | We investigated geochemical characteristics of thePaleocene-Eocene volcanic rocks in Barton and Weaver peninsu-las, King George Island, Antarctica. Volcanic rocks are predomi-nantly tholeiitic, and show geochemical properties typical forisland arc volcanism. The volcanic rocks can be subdivided intothree groups based on the differences of geochemistry andregional distribution. The group 1 rocks are distributed in WeaverPeninsula and in the central part of Barton Peninsula. They showthe lowest level of total REEs. The group 2 rocks are widely dis-tributed in Barton Peninsula, and show intermediate compositions(basaltic andesites to andesites) with the highest LILE/HFSE andLRE/HRE ratios. The group 3 rocks occur as intermediatedikes or plugs along the southern coast of Barton Peninsula. Theygenerally show similar compositions to those of the group 2, buthave smaller LREE/HREE ratios. The parental magma of thegroup 1 seems to be most depleted among three groups, whereasthat of the group 2 rocks enriched in LILEs and LREs. Predom-inance of tholeiite series rocks, general absence of the basementcomplex, and difficulty of identifying dual volcanic chains suggestthat the Early Tertiary volcanism in King George Island occurredin an imature island arc without thickened continental-typesilized volcanic vents suggest that volcanic groups can be linked withvents: the group 1 with Weaver Nunatak, and the group 2 withThre Brothers Hil, Florence Nunatak and/or Czajkowski Needle.However, the group 3 seems to be correlative with the Chotaebawiplug (the Narebski Point), or represent distinct dike swarms. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128501 | oai_dc | Application of representative elementary area (REA) to lineament density analysis for groundwater implications | Application of representative elementary area (REA) to lineament density analysis for groundwater implications | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김규범(한국수자원공사 수자원연구원); 이진용(서울대학교); 이강근(서울대학교)"
] | Lineament density maps can be used for the quan-titative evaluation of relationships between lineaments and theoccurrence of groundwater. This paper reports the usefulness ofthe representative elementary area (REA) concept for lineamentanalysis. This concept refers to the area of the unit circle neededto calculate the lineament density factors distributed within thecircle: length, counts and cross-points counts. The circle is a unitcircle where one calculates the sum of the lineament length, lin-eament counts and the number of cross-points within it. The REAis needed to obtain the best representative lineament density mapprior to the analysis of relation between lineaments and ground-water well yield or other groundwater characteristics. A lineamentmap for the Yongsangang-Seomjingang watershed of Korea wasused for demonstrating the concept. It is shown that the REA con-cept can be efficiently applied to lineament density analysis andmapping. In the demonstration case, the lineament densities areinversely proportional to the size of the REA, and the REA can becalculated with this inversely linear regression model. If the aver-age lineament density values for the whole study area are known,the most accurate density maps can be drawn using the REAsobtained from each linear regression model. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128547 | oai_dc | Hydrogeochemical aspects in reclaimed area, Sydney, Australia | Hydrogeochemical aspects in reclaimed area, Sydney, Australia | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Jeong-Yul Suh(University of Sydney)"
] | The current study was performed to investigate theinfluence of variable grain size on the concentration of anthropo-genic trace metal contaminants in the reclaimed area adjacent toPort Jackson, Sydney, Australia. In reclaimed areas affected bygroundwater, trace metal concentrations in soils are greatly influ-enced by the heterogeneous nature of the waste materials buriedat the site. The confounding effects of variable grain size in soilscan be reduced by analysing the contaminant concentration of thematerial after removing > 2 mm size in sample. An example fromSydney Harbour is used to demonstrate the comparability betwengrain size normalised data and elemental normalized data usingFe in soils from reclaimed areas. Results from the current studyreveal that the vertical distribution of trace metal concentrationsin soils are remarkably similar between the grain size and ele-mental normalization, using Fe. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000235.xml | |||
ART001128645 | oai_dc | Sediment types determination using acoustic techniques in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico | Sediment types determination using acoustic techniques in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Gil Young Kim(Korea Maritime University); Michael D(Stennis Space Center); Dale L. Bibee(Stennis Space Center); Dae Choul Kim(Pukyong National University); Roy H. Wilkens(University of Hawaii); Sung Ryul Shin(Korea Maritime University Busan); Shi Tae Song(Seogwipo High school)"
] | Normal incident acoustic techniques were used todetermine values of sediment properties (acoustic impedance,sound speed, bulk density, porosity, shear strength, water content,and mean grain size) and map those (acoustic impedance andgrain size) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The acoustic datawere acquired using a 11 kHz normal incident echo sounder overstrength was determined by the comparison of acoustic data tomeasured impedance from five core samples (ground truth data).This echo strength calibration was used for the entire data set. Val-ues of sediment properties were calculated from sediment imped-ance using the regressions compiled from the historical coredatabase. Comparison of ground truth and echo strength to datafrom 20 additional core locations shows close agreement. Discrep-ancies are probably due to navigation errors or weak returns indeeper water. In addition, sediment disturbance and frequency dis-persion can be considered. Using acoustic derived sediment prop-following types: sandy/silty clay (impedance, 1.6-2.0 106 kg/m2 s),sand-silt-clay and/or clayey sand (impedance, 2.01-2.40 106 kg/m2s), silt or fine sand (impedance, 2.41-2.90 106 kg/m2coarse sand (impedance, 2.91-4.0 106 kg/m2 s). The areal distri-butions of the four types coincide with the previous reports basedon sediment sampling. Therefore, the acoustic technique can effec-tively be used to define and classify sediments and map sedimentprovinces. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001128594 | oai_dc | Early-stage volcanism and sedimentation of Jeju Island revealed by the Sagye borehole, SW Jeju Island, Korea | Early-stage volcanism and sedimentation of Jeju Island revealed by the Sagye borehole, SW Jeju Island, Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"손영관(경상대학교); Ki Hwa Park(Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources)"
] | Jeju Island comprises extensive lava flows and hun-dreds of monogenetic volcanic cones with rare and thin sedimen-tary deposits. However, a number of boreholes reveal that thelavas are only 50 to 120 m thick along the coastal regions and arewhich is correlative with the Seoguipo Formation. Detailed exam-ination of the subsurface Seoguipo Formation, as recovered fromthe Sagye borehole in the southwestern part of the island, revealsthat the formation consists of primary hydrovolcanic facies (mas-sive or inclined stratified lapilli tuff) emplaced by Surtseyan falloutsand debris flows in subaerial or subaqueous settings and reworkedhydrovolcanic facies (stratified, massive, or normally graded peb-ble conglomerate and sandstone) and nonvolcanic facies (homo-geneous or laminated mudstone) that were deposited in subaerialto submarine (nearshore to offshore) settings. The predominanceof volcaniclastic deposits in the formation demonstrates that theearly stage of Jeju volcanism was characterized by repetitivehydrovolcanic activity probably because of an abundance of exter-nal water for hydroexplosion. The Seoguipo Formation is envis-aged to consist of multiple, superposed hydromagmatic volcanoeswith intervening, marine or nonmarine sedimentary sequences.This finding warrants redefinition of the Seoguipo Formation as asedimentary succession, above the U Formation, composed of fos-sil-barren and fossiliferous, subaerial and subaqueous, volcaniclas-forming lavas. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001128502 | oai_dc | Low sea surface salinity in the East Sea during the last glacial maximum: review on freshwater supply | Low sea surface salinity in the East Sea during the last glacial maximum: review on freshwater supply | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Eunil Lee(Chungnam National University); Seungil Nam(Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources)"
] | Low sea surface salinity event in the East Sea during
the LGM (last glacial maximum) has been critically and thoroughly
reviewed based on previous studies, but freshwater source
for this low paleosalinity still remains to a great extent questionable.
This paper presents that the Korea Strait was partially open
during the LGM, transporting the paleo-Water (0.5-2.1×1012 m3/yr)
to the East Sea. The paleo-Water, presumably a mixture of high
amount of freshwater and the paleo-Tsushima Current, might not
be enough to explain the decrease of sea surface salinity (SSS) in
the surface layer (79.75×1012 m3) of the LGM East Sea. Assuming
that the paleo-Water is entire freshwater, it could only lower less
than 1.1‰ of surface salinity. Moreover, differences in SSS (between
20‰ of the LGM and the present 34‰ in the East Sea) and planktonic
foraminiferal d18O (between the regional East Sea and the
global Pacific Ocean during the LGM) are approximately 14‰
and 3.8-4.1‰, respectively. According to general trend that 1‰
salinity decrease correponds to about 0.5‰ lowering of d18O (Broecker,
1989), 3.8-4.1‰ decrease in d18O could lower 7.6-8.2‰ in
salinity, resulting in 25.8-26.4‰ of the SSS in the LGM East Sea.
This SSS (25.8-26.4‰) is still much saline than 20‰. Furthermore,
about 5.8-6.4‰ of salinity difference needs to be explained,
and further indicates freshwater dilution in the LGM East Sea.
Therefore, these semi-quantitative calculations evidence additional
freshwater supply to the East Sea, lowering sea surface salinity
during the LGM. Potentially additional source for freshwater
might have been the Amur River inflow into the East Sea. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078395 | oai_dc | Fractionation and bioavailability of Pb in municipal solid waste compost and Pb uptake by rice straw and grain under submerged condition in amended soil | Fractionation and bioavailability of Pb in municipal solid waste compost and Pb uptake by rice straw and grain under submerged condition in amended soil | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Pradip Bhattacharyya(Kunsan National University); Kalyan Chakrabarti(Calcutta University); Asish Chakraborty(Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya); Subhasish Tripathy(Indian Institute of Technology); M.A. Powell(University of Western Ontario)"
] | Effect of addition of municipal solid waste compost(MSWC) on lead (Pb) content of submerged rice paddies wasstudied. Experiments were conducted during the three consecutivewet seasons from 1997 to 1999 on rice grown under submergence,tial extraction method was used to determine the Pb fractions inMSWC and decomposed cow manure (DCM). Lead was signifi-cantly bound to the organic matter (60%) and Fe and Mn oxidesin MSWC and DCM. Lead content (mg kg-1) in rice straw washigher than in rice grain. Lead bound with water soluble andexchangeable fractions in MSWC and DCM was best correlatedwith straw and grain Pb. Fe and Mn oxide bound Pb in both theorganics also significantly correlated with straw and grain Pb con-Pb in MSWC and DCM did not significantly corelate with Pbcontent in rice straw and grain metal. MSWC would be a valuableresource for agriculture if it can be used safely, but long-term fieldexperiments with MSWC are needed to assess by regular moni-toring of the metal loads and accumulation in soil and plants. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078391 | oai_dc | Tectonic setting of a composite terrane: A review of the Philippine island arc system | Tectonic setting of a composite terrane: A review of the Philippine island arc system | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Graciano P. Yumul Jr.(University of the Philippines); Carla B. Dimalanta(University of the Philippines); Victor B. Maglambayan(University of the Philippines); Edanjarlo J. Marquez(University of the Philippines)"
] | Features resulting from the interplay of arc magmatism,
ophiolite accretion, ocean basin closure and other subsequent
tectonic processes are preserved in the Philippine island arc
system. Subduction of ocean floor along the trenches surrounding
the Philippines is a major factor in shaping the geologic history of
this island arc system. Stress-strain relationships, as manifest in
both the regional and local setting of the archipelago, are derived
from the interaction of at least four major plates: Sundaland, Philippine
Mobile Belt, Philippine Sea and, to a certain extent, the
Indo-Australian plate. Collision zones in this island arc system are
characterized by the involvement of oceanic bathymetric highs
(seamounts, spreading ridge, submerged continental fragment). A
major strike-slip fault, the Philippine Fault Zone, with compressional
and extensional components, traverses the whole archipelago
where all excess stress not accommodated by the surrounding
trenches is taken up. Tholeiitic through adakitic to calc-alkaline
rock suites characterize the different magmatic arcs. Exposed oceanic
lithospheric fragments exhibit transitional mid-ocean ridge,
back arc basin to island arc geochemical characteristics. The
observed crustal thickness in the Philippines resulted from combined
magmatic (volcanism) and amagmatic (ophiolite accretion)
processes, with the former being the dominant factor. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078396 | oai_dc | Sediment echo types and acoustic characteristics of gas-related acoustic anomalies in Jinhae Bay, southern Korea | Sediment echo types and acoustic characteristics of gas-related acoustic anomalies in Jinhae Bay, southern Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Dae-Choul Kim(Pukyong national university); 이광수(Pukyong national university); Gwang-Hoon Lee(Pukyong national university); Soo-Choul Park(Chungnam national university)"
] | Analysis of Chirp profiles from Jinhae Bay, south-ern Korea, revealed three sediment echo types (echo type I III)and acoustic anomalies associated with shallow gas such as acous-tic blanking and turbidity. Echo type I, characterized by low-to-high amplitude internal reflectors, almost parallel to the seafloorand seen away from the Gadeog Channel, probably represent mudtransport. Echo type II, characterized by truncation at the seaf-loor and seen only in the Gadeog Channel, is interpreted to betidal-channel deposits. Echo type III is acoustically transparentand interpreted as distal prodelta deposits. The acoustic blankingand turbidity were further divided into AB-I I and AT-I I,respectively. AB-I has a very strong, shallow top reflection that isparallel to the seafloor, crosscutting the stratigraphy. Depths of AB-I may correspond to the sulphate-methane transition that remainsshallow probably due to large supply of methane. The top reflec-tion of AB-II is of high amplitude and follows the bedding planes,probably controlled or limited by lithology. AB-III is character-ized by a very iregular or highly diffractive and strong top reflec-tion, which may be due to very closely-spaced patches of high-concentration gas. AT-I exhibits a weak and highly iregular topreflection, sugesting low gas concentration. AT-II, comprised ofisolated weak diffractions, is likely due to isolated accumulationsof low concentration gas. C/N ratios (6.88.6) of the organic matterin the cored sediments in the study area suggest mixed marine andterrestrial sources | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078401 | oai_dc | Evaluation of geotechnical properties of saturated soil using dielectric responses | Evaluation of geotechnical properties of saturated soil using dielectric responses | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Man-Il Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Byung-Gon Chae(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Makoto Nishigaki(Okayama University)"
] | In the field of geotechnical environment, physicalparameters of soil such as volumetric water content, degre of sat-uration, porosity and effective porosity are important hydrologicalfactors. Especialy, these parameters can be aplied to the analysissubstances into the ground by rainfall. In the case of a landslideinduced by heavy rainfall, landslide monitoring is one of impor-tant technologies that detects the distribution of volumetric watercontent, wetting front movement, and infiltration characteristicsfor the earth materials. The infiltration of water mainly occursthrough pores of porous media. Infiltration of fluid substances iscontrolled by the connectivity of pore spaces. Therefore, it isexplained by the concepts of porosity and effective porosity. In thisstudy, the applicability of dielectric methods and proposed dielec-oratory test is performed for measuring effective porosity of fullysaturated sand using the permittivity method. This study showedthat the ratios of effective porosity to porosity of saturated stan-dard sands and river sands were 0.856 and 0.843, respectively.Based on the experimental results, using the frequency domainreflectometry (FDR) and frequency domain reflectometry withvector network analyzer (FDR-V) systems, the relative effectiveporosity is almost over 85 % of the relative porosity in the satu-rated standard sands and river sands. Consequently, the dielectricthe physical parameters of saturated soil. Moreover, this dielectricmethod can contribute to estimate porosity and effective porosityof saturated porous media because it is easier and faster than theprevious in-situ methods. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078392 | oai_dc | The first tyrannosauroid tooth from Korea | The first tyrannosauroid tooth from Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이융남(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)"
] | A tyrannosauroid premaxillary tooth has been discovered
for the first time in the Hasandong Formation (Lower
Cretaceous) in South Korea. Carinae on the tooth form both the
mesial and distal edges of the lingual face, producing a “Dshaped”
cross section typical of tyrannosauroids. The Korean premaxillary
tooth is different from those of other known Early Cretaceous
tyrannosauroids (Dilong, Eotyrannus, and a Japanese
tooth) in having a distinct lingual ridge on the lingual surface. This
discovery probably indicates a subsequent Asian diversification of
this group (Korea, China and Japan) after the origination of tyrannosauroids
in the early Late Jurassic (e.g., Guanlong) in China. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078394 | oai_dc | Simulation of a tidewater glacier evolution in Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica | Simulation of a tidewater glacier evolution in Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Joohan Lee(Korea Polar Research Institute); 진영근(Korea Polar Research Institute); Jong Kuk Hong(Korea Polar Research Institute); 유현재(Korea Polar Research Institute); Howoong Shon(Pai Chai University)"
] | Glacier changes in Marian Cove, King GeorgeIsland (KGI) were investigated on the basis of observed and mod-eled data. Air temperature observations for the past 51 yearsrecorded at the Russian Bellingshausen Station (BS) and aerialphotographs provided adequate proofs of glacier retreat andyearly variant mas balance were performed to evaluate the gla-cier advance and retreat history. Then the models were validatedby observed data. The results indicate that the mas balance of 0.6m a-1 is a threshold point determining glacier advance or retreat inMarian Cove. The glacier changes are mainly affected by the icethickness at the terminus and the local mass balance. The massbalance also affects glacier displacement in subsequent years.present warming trend. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078397 | oai_dc | Mixing effect of NaCl and surfactant on the remediation of TCB contaminated soil | Mixing effect of NaCl and surfactant on the remediation of TCB contaminated soil | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Dal-Heui Lee(Yonsei University); Ho-Wan Chang(서울대학교); Chul Kim(Dong-Eui Institute of Technology)"
] | In order to evaluate the mixing effect of NaCl andsurfactant on the remediation of TCB contaminated soil, columnexperiments were performed. Selected soils for this study were twoIowa field soils (Fruitfield, and Webster) and one Korea field soil(Pyeongtaek). We used four nontoxic, water-soluble anionic (DOSL,robenzene (TCB) was chosen as the model contaminant. Selectedelectrolyte for this study was NaCl. The TCB contaminated soilswere leached with surfactant solution of 4% (v/v) or 4% (w/v)with or without 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) NaCl. As controls, TCBcontaminated soils were also leached with deionized water. For thenonionic surfactants (POE20, POE4), the mixing effect of NaCl onthe solubilization of contaminant was insignificant. However, muchgreater mixing effectiveness was observed using anionic surfactant(SLS, single head structure) solutions containing electrolyte (NaCl)from two Iowa soils and one Korea soil. In contrast, anothering effectiveness on the solubilization of TCB from thre soils.However, the NaCl mixing effect of DOSL anionic surfactant wasfound after leaching of 2500 ml solution with Pyeongtaek soil. Theeffect of NaCl in changing efectiveness was due to Na+ (counter-ion) effects. The maximum recovery of added TCB in column testswas 97% for 4% (w/v) aqueous SLS anionic surfactant + 10% (w/v)NaCl. A little effectiveness of 4% (v/v) DOSL (anionic surfactant)with electrolytes may be due to small adsorption of the double-headshowed that the key factor in the variation of TCB removal effectdue to surfactant + NaCl leaching was not surfactant types butsurfactant structure. Also, results of this study sugest that theanionic surfactant (SLS) solutions containing electrolyte (NaCl) isa good candidate for surfactant-asisted remediation of TCB con-taminated soil. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078390 | oai_dc | The oldest (ca. 2.51 Ga) rock in South Korea: U？Pb zircon age of a tonalitic migmatite, Daeijak Island,western Gyeonggi massif | The oldest (ca. 2.51 Ga) rock in South Korea: U？Pb zircon age of a tonalitic migmatite, Daeijak Island,western Gyeonggi massif | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Moonsup Cho(서울대학교); 김현철(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); 이유영(서울대학교); Kenji Horie(Hiroshima University); Hiroshi Hidaka(Hiroshima University)"
] | We discovered the oldest rock in South Korea, and
dated this migmatite using a Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe
(SHRIMP). Zircon grains from a tonalitic migmatite,
Daeijak Island, western Gyeonggi massif, are distinctly zoned and
commonly characterized by oscillatory-zoned cores and structureless
rims. The U–Pb zircon ages estimated from six spot analyses
of the rims in five grains define a concordant age group with the
weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2508 ± 18 Ma, interpreted as the
age of migmatization. On the other hand, the cores yield an older
207Pb/206Pb age of ca. 2.58 Ga, interpreted as the crystallization age
of tonalitic protolith. These results demonstrate not only the presence
of Neoarchean granitoids but also high-grade migmatitic
metamorphism at ca. 2.51 Ga in the Gyeonggi massif, which are
correlative with those reported from the North China craton. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078398 | oai_dc | An assessment of surficial aquifer vulnerability and groundwater pollution from a hazardous landfill site, Torbali/Turkey | An assessment of surficial aquifer vulnerability and groundwater pollution from a hazardous landfill site, Torbali/Turkey | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Celalettin Simsek(Dokuz Eylul University); Unsal Gemici(Dokuz Eylul University); Sevki Filiz(Dokuz Eylul University)"
] | The Torbali River Basin is an important part of theKucuk Menderes Basin in western Turkey, containing a highlyproductive alluvium aquifer. Hazardous waste from urbanizationand industrialization has been stored above the main unconfinedaluvial aquifer for the last five years. This study is intended toassess the groundwater pollution mechanism from the hazardouslandfill site that is located above the surficial aquifer. Two mainvulnerable zones of the aquifer were determined using a GOD vul-nerability model. The hazardous solid waste was dumped on amoderately vulnerable zone without any precautionary measure.Leachate seepage from the landfill is a main contaminant for Na-Cl water types with electrical conductivity (EC) values of 4,275 to4,575 S/cm. The pH values of the leachate are between 6.3 and6.6. Concentration of As, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Se and Cd in the leachatewater standards. As a result, the waste leachate has a high contami-nant content that is causing groundwater pollution in a highly pro-ductive vulnerable zone. In this case, this vulnerable zone is notsuitable for waste disposal activities, and some improvement stud-ies should be done immediately to protect the main aquifer fromthe hazardous landfill site. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001078393 | oai_dc | High resolution stable isotope records of sclreractinian corals near Ishigaki Island: Their implication as a potential paleoclimatic recorder in middle latitude regions | High resolution stable isotope records of sclreractinian corals near Ishigaki Island: Their implication as a potential paleoclimatic recorder in middle latitude regions | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Michiyo Shimamura(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Hoi-Soo Jung(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Kiseong Hyeong(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Chan Min Yoo(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); Tsuyoshi Watanabe(Hokkaido University); Tomohisa Irino(Hokka... | We propose skeletal δ18O of Platygyra, a hermatypicreef building masive coral, as a potential paleo-SST proxy in mid-latitude regions, where the commonly used massive Porites coralsare rare. Skeletal δ18O ratio (δ18Oc) of a Platygyra and Poritescorals collected from Ishigaki Island, Japan, shows a clear season-ality corresponding to SST variation. The temperature depen-dence of the Platygyra coral was estimated, for the first time withappropriate sampling resolution, at -0.219/oC (T = -4.57δ18Oc+2.65, r2=0.96). Masive Platygyra colonies show a wide distributionfrom the tropics to mid-latitudes further northwards than Porites.Platygyras adaptation to colder water temperature dependence of δ18Oc suggest its application as a potentialpaleo-SST proxy for mid-latitude regions, where high resolutionSST proxies are not available, as well as in tropical to subtropicalregions. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART000899743 | oai_dc | Microfabric analysis of laminated diatom ooze(Holocene)from the eastern Bransfield Strait,Antarctic Peninsula | Microfabric analysis of laminated diatom ooze(Holocene)from the eastern Bransfield Strait,Antarctic Peninsula | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"JangJunBahk(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); HoIlYoon(Korean Ocean Research and Development); YeadongKim(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute); CheonYunKang(Korea Ocean Research and Development); SungHoBae(Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute)"
] | Selected intervals of laminated diatom ooze (Holocene)from the eastern Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula were ana-lyzed using high-resolution section images of impregnated samplesto reveal potential annual-to-seasonal scale signatures of the lam-ination. The results show a probable seasonality within individualdiatom ooze laminae which mainly reflects spring blooms of Cha-etoceros followed by summer production of Corethron or Rhizo-solenia. Alternating monospecific diatom ooze and terrigenouslaminae are suggestive of annual cyclicities, representing alterna-tion of diatom mass flux during the spring or autumn with ter-rigenous flux during the rest of year. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART001195763 | oai_dc | Geochemistry and provenance of Lower Cretaceous Sindong and Hayang mudrocks, Gyeongsang Basin,Southeastern Korea | Geochemistry and provenance of Lower Cretaceous Sindong and Hayang mudrocks, Gyeongsang Basin,Southeastern Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"JaeIlLee(Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute); YongIL Lee(서울대학교)"
] | Lower Cretaceous Sindong and Hayang mudrocksin the Gyeongsang Basin, Korea, have been analyzed for majorand trace elements, including the rare earth elements (REs). TheSindong mudrocks are relatively enriched in most large-ion litho-phile (LIL) elements such as K2O, Rb, Ba, Zr, Th and LRE thanthe Hayang mudrocks, and they are more depleted in Fe2O3(total),MgO, MnO, CaO, Na2O, Sr, Cu, Zn and Mo compared with theHayang mudrocks. The REE distribution patterns indicate thatthe Sindong and Hayang mudrocks are largely derived fromuper continental source rocks. The differences in chemistry betweenthe two groups mainly reflect the occurrence of intermediate tosilicic volcanics in the source area during the deposition of theHayang Group. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART000926654 | oai_dc | Analysis of groundwater respose to tidal effect in a finite leaky confined coastal aquifer considering hydraulic head at source bed | Analysis of groundwater respose to tidal effect in a finite leaky confined coastal aquifer considering hydraulic head at source bed | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Kue-Young Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Yongje Kim(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Cheol-Woo Lee(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources); Nam-Chil Woo(Yonsei University)"
] | Groundwater response to tidal efect in a finiteleaky confined coastal aquifer is analyzed considering the impactof hydraulic head at the source bed (upper unconfined aquifer).For the groundwater response analysis, the impact of head at thesource bed and the effect of boundary condition on the inland sideare discussed. The shape of hydraulic head at the source bed isconsidered in two cases; (1) constant head, using mean ground-water level of concerning domain that may or may not be equal tomean sea level, and (2) linearly increasing head with distance fromthe coastline. The dimensional and nondimensional boundaryvalue problems are solved for hydraulic head in the aquifer usingLaplace transform technique, and the results are obtained by thenumerical inversion of the transformed solution. Evaluation of thesolution indicates that, near the coastline, the hydraulic head in aleaky confined aquifer is mostly influenced by the tidal effect,while the distance from the coastline increases, the effect of headin the source bed rises. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to showthe importance of the hydraulic head and its shape at the sourcebed as well as leakance, which affects the head in a confined leakycoastal aquifer. The solution derived in this study is useful forthere may be a natural or an artificial barrier on the inland sidethat acts as a no flux boundary. The study considering this bound-ary condition implies that care must be taken when aquiferparameters are estimated using previous analytical solutions, sinceboundary conditions on the inland side affect the head of leakyconfined aquifer, and thus may mislead to erroneous aquiferparameter estimation. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml | |||
ART000926650 | oai_dc | Mineralogical studies on complex zoned tourmaline in diaspore nodules from the Milyang clay deposit,Korea | Mineralogical studies on complex zoned tourmaline in diaspore nodules from the Milyang clay deposit,Korea | {
"journal_name": "한국지질과학협의회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Chang Oh Choo(Kyungpook National University)"
] | Tourmaline occurs as aggregates or disseminatedcrystals in the clay matrix of diaspore nodules from the Milyangclay deposit located in southeastern Korea. The diaspore nodulesoccur along or near the fractured zones developed in the clay deposit.Most tourmalines are dravite to schorl in chemical compositionand show complex chemical zonal textures. Chemical analyses andBSE images confirm that alternating Fe-rich and Mg-rich bandsare the most important components that controlled patterns ofchemical zoning in tourmaline. Mg was enriched in the early stageof crystal growth while Fe was enriched in the late stage, with fluc-tuations of the ratio Fe/Mg. Complex multiple growth zoning andoscilatory zoning in tourmaline imply local disequilibrium of thehydrothermal alteration system that formed diaspore nodules. As theoxygen fugacity increased, tourmaline became more Fe-rich withfluctuation of Fe/Mg activity. Textural observations indicate thattourmaline was unstable with respect to dickite. The aluminum-richminerals associated with diaspore nodule suggest that the growthof tourmaline may be highly favorable with alkali-free composi-tions with trace Na. | 지질학 | null | kci_detailed_000236.xml |
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