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5ad0d375645df0001a2d0595
Human_Development_Index
A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.
What is North Africa's ranking?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d375645df0001a2d0596
Human_Development_Index
A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.
What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b5
Human_Development_Index
A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country?
{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "0.8" ] }
56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b7
Human_Development_Index
A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?
{ "answer_start": [ 448 ], "text": [ "Brazil" ] }
56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b8
Human_Development_Index
A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?
{ "answer_start": [ 474 ], "text": [ "Russia" ] }
5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b0
Human_Development_Index
A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "low development" country?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b1
Human_Development_Index
A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b2
Human_Development_Index
A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.
What is the smallest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de4adf4396321400ee278c
Human_Development_Index
On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.
If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?
{ "answer_start": [ 104 ], "text": [ "red arrows" ] }
56de4adf4396321400ee278d
Human_Development_Index
On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.
If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?
{ "answer_start": [ 24 ], "text": [ "green arrows" ] }
56de4adf4396321400ee278e
Human_Development_Index
On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.
If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "Blue dash" ] }
5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b6
Human_Development_Index
On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.
If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b7
Human_Development_Index
On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.
If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b8
Human_Development_Index
On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.
If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c5
Human_Development_Index
The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.
Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?
{ "answer_start": [ 94 ], "text": [ "Norway" ] }
56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c9
Human_Development_Index
The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.
Which country has received the top rank twice?
{ "answer_start": [ 224 ], "text": [ "Iceland" ] }
5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c6
Human_Development_Index
The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.
Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c7
Human_Development_Index
The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.
Which country has received the bottom rank twice?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d5
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?
{ "answer_start": [ 347 ], "text": [ "national performance and ranking" ] }
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d6
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?
{ "answer_start": [ 146 ], "text": [ "Western" ] }
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d7
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development?
{ "answer_start": [ 421 ], "text": [ "global" ] }
56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d9
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?
{ "answer_start": [ 116 ], "text": [ "egalitarianism" ] }
5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0604
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0605
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0606
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0607
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.
Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de4ded4396321400ee27c3
Human_Development_Index
Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.
How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI?
{ "answer_start": [ 217 ], "text": [ "three" ] }
56de4ded4396321400ee27c5
Human_Development_Index
Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.
In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report?
{ "answer_start": [ 940 ], "text": [ "2010" ] }
56de4ded4396321400ee27c6
Human_Development_Index
Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.
Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011?
{ "answer_start": [ 1096 ], "text": [ "The Economist" ] }
5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060c
Human_Development_Index
Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.
How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HIDI?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060d
Human_Development_Index
Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.
In what year did the ULNDP respond to the criticism of its report?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060e
Human_Development_Index
Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.
Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2012?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de4ea54396321400ee27ce
Human_Development_Index
The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries.
How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI?
{ "answer_start": [ 255 ], "text": [ "182" ] }
56de4ea54396321400ee27cf
Human_Development_Index
The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries.
How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI?
{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "169" ] }
5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062c
Human_Development_Index
The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries.
How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062d
Human_Development_Index
The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries.
How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c0
Human_Development_Index
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data.
What represents not changing rank?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c1
Human_Development_Index
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data.
What is relative to the HDI list?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041b
Human_Development_Index
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report.
What dashes do not represent changes in rank?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041c
Human_Development_Index
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report.
What was published in 2001?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0445
Human_Development_Index
Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.
What is the abbreviation for "very low human development"
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0446
Human_Development_Index
Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.
What does HDMI mean?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cec7645df0001a2d044a
Human_Development_Index
The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile):
Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cee3645df0001a2d0456
Human_Development_Index
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI data for 2010 – published in the 2011 report (p. 131).
What arrows do not represent changes in rank
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046e
Human_Development_Index
Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."
What does HIMI stand for?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046f
Human_Development_Index
Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."
What's the abbreviation for Human non development index?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cf89645df0001a2d0473
Human_Development_Index
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.
What dashes do not represent changes in rank?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0cf93645df0001a2d0480
Human_Development_Index
Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados.
Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d0dc645df0001a2d04c1
Human_Development_Index
Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2010 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.
What arrows do not represent changes in rank?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad0d2bc645df0001a2d055e
Human_Development_Index
Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member, unable, or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.
Why were all countries included?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de31d34396321400ee2676
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What is another term for southern Europe
{ "answer_start": [ 51 ], "text": [ "Mediterranean Europe" ] }
56de31d34396321400ee2677
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What is the name for the stretch of land on which Spain and Portugal are located?
{ "answer_start": [ 102 ], "text": [ "Iberian peninsula" ] }
56de31d34396321400ee2678
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 233 ], "text": [ "Balkan countries" ] }
56de31d34396321400ee2679
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What area of France is considered a part of Mediterranean Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 165 ], "text": [ "southern France" ] }
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c4
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What is the name for the stretch of land on which France and Greece are located
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c5
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What is another name for northern Europe
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c6
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What peninsulas are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c7
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What area of France is considered a part of the Balkan countries?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c8
Southern_Europe
Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.
What countries have the same historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds as the rest of southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de3455cffd8e1900b4b674
Southern_Europe
Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.
What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 71 ], "text": [ "political, economic, and cultural attributes" ] }
56de3455cffd8e1900b4b675
Southern_Europe
Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.
What are three aspects of the environment of southern Europe that can be used to distinguish the region?
{ "answer_start": [ 183 ], "text": [ "geography, climate, and flora" ] }
5a6318cd68151a001a9221ce
Southern_Europe
Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.
What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize natural features?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6318cd68151a001a9221cf
Southern_Europe
Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.
What are three aspects of the environment of Southern Asia that can be used to distinguish the region?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6318cd68151a001a9221d0
Southern_Europe
Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.
What can be defined by its industries?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6318cd68151a001a9221d1
Southern_Europe
Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.
What area is defined by it's genealogy?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a6318cd68151a001a9221d2
Southern_Europe
Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.
What methods can be used to define the southern Mediterranean?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de350b4396321400ee269a
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "The Mediterranean climate" ] }
56de350b4396321400ee269b
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?
{ "answer_start": [ 268 ], "text": [ "Western and Southern coastal regions" ] }
56de350b4396321400ee269c
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate?
{ "answer_start": [ 406 ], "text": [ "vegetations and landscapes" ] }
5a631a8968151a001a9221d8
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
What climate is that of all of Europe?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631a8968151a001a9221d9
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
What countries have varying vegetations and landscapes?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631a8968151a001a9221da
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
Which parts of Greece are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631a8968151a001a9221db
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
What are two broad categories of similarity among forests which have a Mediterranean climate?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631a8968151a001a9221dc
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.
What kind of vegetation grows in the Mediterranean?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de35834396321400ee26a2
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 101 ], "text": [ "mountain ranges of Spain and Italy" ] }
56de35834396321400ee26a3
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
Where are more moist areas found in southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 155 ], "text": [ "north coast of Spain" ] }
56de35834396321400ee26a4
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
What term can be used to describe the wet area of North Spain?
{ "answer_start": [ 197 ], "text": [ "Atlantic climate" ] }
5a631bef68151a001a9221e2
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
Where do colder areas occur within northern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631bef68151a001a9221e3
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
Where are dry areas found in southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631bef68151a001a9221e4
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
What term can be used to describe the wet area of Northern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631bef68151a001a9221e5
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
The east coast of Spain experiences what kind of climate?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631bef68151a001a9221e6
Southern_Europe
Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.
Where have cooler climates recently began to warm up?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de368d4396321400ee26a8
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.
What is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 72 ], "text": [ "phytochoria" ] }
56de368d4396321400ee26a9
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.
Who coined the term phytochoria?
{ "answer_start": [ 98 ], "text": [ "Armen Takhtajan" ] }
5a631d6668151a001a9221ec
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.
Who coined the term Submediterranean?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631d6668151a001a9221ed
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.
What is a word that can be used to describe the animal life of southern Europe?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631d6668151a001a9221ee
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.
What is found on the southern coast of Bosnia?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631d6668151a001a9221ef
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.
In what region are southern Europe's coasts found?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631d6668151a001a9221f0
Southern_Europe
Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.
Where are the arctic and subarctic climate regions in Europe found?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de3741cffd8e1900b4b67e
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?
{ "answer_start": [ 20 ], "text": [ "classical antiquity" ] }
56de3741cffd8e1900b4b67f
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece?
{ "answer_start": [ 67 ], "text": [ "city-states" ] }
56de3741cffd8e1900b4b680
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?
{ "answer_start": [ 163 ], "text": [ "Alexander the Great" ] }
5a631e5568151a001a9221f6
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
What era started when Alexander the Great became a self governing entity?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631e5568151a001a9221f7
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Asia?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631e5568151a001a9221f8
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
Who was responsible for bringing Asian culture to the Greek?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631e5568151a001a9221f9
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
Where did Alexander go to spread city-states?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5a631e5568151a001a9221fa
Southern_Europe
The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.
What period began with Alexander the Great?
{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b684
Southern_Europe
The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.
Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?
{ "answer_start": [ 247 ], "text": [ "Rome" ] }
56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b685
Southern_Europe
The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.
Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?
{ "answer_start": [ 291 ], "text": [ "Constantinople" ] }
56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b686
Southern_Europe
The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.
Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?
{ "answer_start": [ 326 ], "text": [ "Germanic" ] }