Split (2)

train · 130k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	title stringclasses 442 values	context stringlengths 151 3.71k	question stringlengths 12 270	answers dict
5ad14079645df0001a2d13c1	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro...	What did Jefferson discourage the separate sects at the University of Virginia to have of their own?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14079645df0001a2d13c2	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro...	How was the state allowed to support a Professorship of Divinity?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14079645df0001a2d13c3	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro...	What scheme did Jefferson reject when it came to University students?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14079645df0001a2d13c4	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro...	What does Mark David Hall think people don't focus on enough?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422325	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	When did Jefferson's letter enter American jurisprudence?	{ "answer_start": [ 57 ], "text": [ "1878" ] }
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422326	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What was the case that used Jefferson's letter?	{ "answer_start": [ 83 ], "text": [ "Reynolds v. U.S." ] }
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422327	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What was the topic of Reynolds v. U.S.?	{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "Mormon polygamy" ] }
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422328	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What was the court seeking, in using Jefferson's letter?	{ "answer_start": [ 159 ], "text": [ "legal definition for the word religion" ] }
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422329	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What did the court rule outlawing polygamy was?	{ "answer_start": [ 553 ], "text": [ "constitutional" ] }
5ad140c8645df0001a2d13d2	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	When did Jefferson's letter not enter American jurisprudence?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad140c8645df0001a2d13d3	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What was the case that denied Jefferson's letter?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad140c8645df0001a2d13d4	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What was the court seeking, in not using Jefferson's letter?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad140c8645df0001a2d13d5	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What was the topic of Meynolds v. U.S.?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad140c8645df0001a2d13d6	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C...	What did the court rule not outlawing polygamy was?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c5	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What approach was not the only one taken in the 18th century?	{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Jefferson and Madison's" ] }
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c6	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What did Jefferson draft his Statute of Religious Freedom in opposition to?	{ "answer_start": [ 157 ], "text": [ "a bill" ] }
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c7	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	Who was the chief supporter of the bill that got Jefferson motivated to draft his Statute?	{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "Patrick Henry" ] }
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c8	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support?	{ "answer_start": [ 306 ], "text": [ "some denomination" ] }
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c9	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What did the Constitution of Massachusetts express no one would be restrained from doing?	{ "answer_start": [ 514 ], "text": [ "worshipping God" ] }
5ad14105645df0001a2d13e4	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What approach was the only one taken in the 18th century?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14105645df0001a2d13e5	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What did Jefferson draft his Statute of Religious Freedom in support of?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14105645df0001a2d13e6	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	Who was the chief opposition of the bill that got Jefferson motivated to draft his Statute?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14105645df0001a2d13e7	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What did Patrick Henry not want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14105645df0001a2d13e8	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...	What did the Constitution of Massachusetts express everyone would be restrained from doing?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ab	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	What did the Duke of York require every community in his lands to support?	{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "some church" ] }
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ac	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	Instead of Anglican, what were the churches most often supported in New York and New Jersey?	{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian" ] }
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ad	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	What were taxpayers free to do after they paid the Duke of York his local tax?	{ "answer_start": [ 314 ], "text": [ "to choose their own church" ] }
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ae	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	Why was the Duke not a friend of Anglicanism?	{ "answer_start": [ 469 ], "text": [ "openly divine-right Catholic," ] }
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64af	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	When did the first Anglican minister arrive in New Jersey?	{ "answer_start": [ 582 ], "text": [ "1698" ] }
5ad14149645df0001a2d13ee	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	What did the Duke of York never require every community in his lands to support?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14149645df0001a2d13ef	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	Instead of Anglican, what were the churches never supported in New York and New Jersey?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14149645df0001a2d13f0	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	What were taxpayers not free to do after they paid the Duke of York his local tax?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14149645df0001a2d13f1	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	Why was the Duke a friend of Anglicanism?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14149645df0001a2d13f2	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho...	When did the first Anglican minister leave New Jersey?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731bb10b9d445190005e4cf	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What did the original charter of the Province of East Jersey restrict membership in its Assembly to?	{ "answer_start": [ 97 ], "text": [ "Christians" ] }
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d0	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What was the Duke of York's relationship to his religion described as being?	{ "answer_start": [ 130 ], "text": [ "fervently Catholic" ] }
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d1	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What religious sect were the proprietors of Perth Amboy?	{ "answer_start": [ 202 ], "text": [ "Scottish Catholic" ] }
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d2	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What did the Province of West Jersey specify there would not be for those running for an office, in 1681?	{ "answer_start": [ 302 ], "text": [ "religious test" ] }
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d3	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	When was an oath requiring militia to abjure the pretensions of the pope replaced?	{ "answer_start": [ 548 ], "text": [ "1799" ] }
5ad141b5645df0001a2d13f8	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What didn't the original charter of the Province of East Jersey restrict membership in its Assembly to?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141b5645df0001a2d13f9	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What was the Duke of York's relationship to his religion described as not being?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141b5645df0001a2d13fa	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What non-religious sect were the proprietors of Perth Amboy?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141b5645df0001a2d13fb	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	What did the Province of West Jersey specify there would be for those running for an office, in 1681?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141b5645df0001a2d13fc	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for...	When was an oath requiring militia to abjure the pretensions of the pope not replaced?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622c	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What does the first amendment to the US Constitution state?	{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "\"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof\"" ] }
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622d	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What is the first part of the First Amendment know as?	{ "answer_start": [ 189 ], "text": [ "\"establishment clause\"" ] }
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622e	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What is the last part of the sentence of the First Amendment known as?	{ "answer_start": [ 220 ], "text": [ "\"free exercise clause\"" ] }
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622f	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What do the two clauses of the First Amendment for the basis of?	{ "answer_start": [ 284 ], "text": [ "the Supreme Court's interpretations of the \"separation of church and state\" doctrine." ] }
5731bbb5e99e3014001e6230	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What are citizens of the United States free to embrace or reject as they choose?	{ "answer_start": [ 677 ], "text": [ "a faith" ] }
5ad141f4645df0001a2d140c	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What does the second amendment to the US Constitution state?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141f4645df0001a2d140d	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What is the second part of the First Amendment know as?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141f4645df0001a2d140e	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What is the first part of the sentence of the First Amendment known as?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141f4645df0001a2d140f	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What do the four clauses of the First Amendment for the basis of?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad141f4645df0001a2d1410	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ...	What are citizens of the United States not free to embrace or reject as they choose?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c3	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	What is John Baker of LSU's profession?	{ "answer_start": [ 5 ], "text": [ "legal scholars" ] }
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c4	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	Why was a more general "religion" used in the language of the First Amendment?	{ "answer_start": [ 264 ], "text": [ "to appease the Anti-Federalists" ] }
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c5	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	Why was the word "national" a cause for alarm to both Federalists and Anti-Federalists?	{ "answer_start": [ 394 ], "text": [ "because of the experience under the British crown" ] }
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c6	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	Who took issue with Madison's language during the debate over the establishment clause?	{ "answer_start": [ 499 ], "text": [ "Elbridge Gerry" ] }
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c7	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	What was Elbridge Gerry's constituency?	{ "answer_start": [ 517 ], "text": [ "Massachusetts" ] }
5ad1423f645df0001a2d1420	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	What is John Baker of LLU's profession?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad1423f645df0001a2d1421	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	Why was a more general "religion" used in the language of the Second Amendment?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad1423f645df0001a2d1422	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	Why was the word "national" a cause for alarm to neither Federalists and Anti-Federalists?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad1423f645df0001a2d1423	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	Who didn't take issue with Madison's language during the debate over the establishment clause?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad1423f645df0001a2d1424	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa...	What wasn't Elbridge Gerry's constituency?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64cd	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	Where was Representative Roger Sherman from?	{ "answer_start": [ 38 ], "text": [ "Connecticut" ] }
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64ce	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	Why did Sherman believe the establishment clause was unnecessary?	{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "Constitution only gave Congress stated powers" ] }
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64cf	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	What power was not granted to Congress by the Constitution?	{ "answer_start": [ 177 ], "text": [ "establishing a national religion" ] }
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64d0	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	Where was Representative Thomas Tucker from?	{ "answer_start": [ 258 ], "text": [ "South Carolina" ] }
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64d1	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	What was Tucker concerned the establishment clause could preempt?	{ "answer_start": [ 354 ], "text": [ "religious clauses in the state constitutions" ] }
5ad142a4645df0001a2d142a	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	Where was Representative Roger Merman from?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142a4645df0001a2d142b	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	Why did Sherman believe the establishment clause was necessary?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142a4645df0001a2d142c	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	What power was granted to Congress by the Constitution?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142a4645df0001a2d142d	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	Where was Representative Thomas Pucker from?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142a4645df0001a2d142e	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple...	What was Tucker concerned the establishment clause could not preempt?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731bde8b9d445190005e4f7	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	When was the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution created?	{ "answer_start": [ 89 ], "text": [ "post-Civil War" ] }
5731bde8b9d445190005e4f8	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What was the intent of the 14th Amendment?	{ "answer_start": [ 128 ], "text": [ "secure rights for former slaves" ] }
5731bde8b9d445190005e4f9	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What clauses does the 14th Amendment include?	{ "answer_start": [ 177 ], "text": [ "due process and equal protection clauses" ] }
5731bde8b9d445190005e4fa	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What does the 14th Amendment also introduce the concept of?	{ "answer_start": [ 272 ], "text": [ "incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states" ] }
5731bde8b9d445190005e4fb	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to ensure?	{ "answer_start": [ 506 ], "text": [ "application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states" ] }
5ad142f7645df0001a2d1434	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	When was the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution created?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142f7645df0001a2d1435	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What was the intent of the 13th Amendment?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142f7645df0001a2d1436	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What clauses does the 13th Amendment include?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142f7645df0001a2d1437	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What does the 13th Amendment also introduce the concept of?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad142f7645df0001a2d1438	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga...	What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to not ensure?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731bedce99e3014001e623e	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What landmark case has impacted all subsequent interpretations of the separation of church and state in regard to state governments?	{ "answer_start": [ 86 ], "text": [ "Everson v. Board of Education" ] }
5731bedce99e3014001e623f	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What did the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education?	{ "answer_start": [ 256 ], "text": [ "state law" ] }
5731bedce99e3014001e6240	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What did the Supreme Court hold the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to?	{ "answer_start": [ 440 ], "text": [ "state governments" ] }
5731bedce99e3014001e6241	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What was a recent case involving the application of the principle of the establishment clause against states?	{ "answer_start": [ 545 ], "text": [ "Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet" ] }
5731bedce99e3014001e6242	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	When was the case of v. Grumet?	{ "answer_start": [ 614 ], "text": [ "1994" ] }
5ad14342645df0001a2d1464	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What landmark case hasn't impacted all subsequent interpretations of the separation of church and state in regard to state governments?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14342645df0001a2d1465	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What didn't the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14342645df0001a2d1466	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What didn't the Supreme Court hold the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14342645df0001a2d1467	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	What was a past case involving the application of the principle of the establishment clause against states?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5ad14342645df0001a2d1468	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv...	When was the case of v. Prumet?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6252	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio...	What did Jefferson's concept of 'separation of church and state" became part of what jurisprudence?	{ "answer_start": [ 79 ], "text": [ "Establishment Clause" ] }
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6253	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio...	What case was Jefferson's concept apropos to?	{ "answer_start": [ 117 ], "text": [ "Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145" ] }
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6254	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio...	What does the constitution guarantee when it comes to religion?	{ "answer_start": [ 293 ], "text": [ "freedom" ] }
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6255	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio...	What word is not defined in the Constitution?	{ "answer_start": [ 313 ], "text": [ "religion" ] }
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6256	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio...	Who had Jefferson's letter been sent to?	{ "answer_start": [ 759 ], "text": [ "the Danbury Baptists" ] }
5ad143a8645df0001a2d146e	Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States	Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio...	Jefferson's concept of 'separation of church and state" didn't become part of what jurisprudence?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

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