id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5a8494467cf838001a46a978 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat John G. Carlisle of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed i... | Who assumed the role as Speaker after Randall Ripley? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57321d6de17f3d14004226a9 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | Prior to 1883 there is evidence that serious caucus fights occured in what years? | {
"answer_start": [
186
],
"text": [
"1871 and 1873"
]
} |
57321d6de17f3d14004226aa | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | What prominent ex-speaker was nominated for minority role in 1875? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"James Blaine"
]
} |
57321d6de17f3d14004226ab | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | What former appropriations chairman was nominated for minority leader in 1876,77,79? | {
"answer_start": [
475
],
"text": [
"James A. Garfield"
]
} |
5a8497347cf838001a46a97e | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | In what year do Democrats contend that the Speaker position began? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a8497347cf838001a46a97f | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | What were the Republicans fighting for in 1877 and 1879? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a8497347cf838001a46a980 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | What did the Republican fight for minority speakership indicate? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a8497347cf838001a46a981 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | During what three years was Keifer nominated by Democrats? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a8497347cf838001a46a982 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | What did Democrats nominate James A. Garfield for in 1875? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57321f24e17f3d14004226af | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | Is there a consensus about the time that minority leadership officially emerged as a position? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"there is disagreement among historical analysts"
]
} |
57321f24e17f3d14004226b0 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | What party characteristics emerged in the house in late 19th century? | {
"answer_start": [
276
],
"text": [
"strong party organization and professional politicians"
]
} |
57321f24e17f3d14004226b1 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | What were these conditions effective for in the house? | {
"answer_start": [
528
],
"text": [
"establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure."
]
} |
5a849b087cf838001a46a988 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | What do some voters not always agree with? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849b087cf838001a46a989 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | When was House leadership structure first established? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849b087cf838001a46a98a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | What does the publc not agree about when Congress was formed? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849b087cf838001a46a98b | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | What did professional organizations help establish for society? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849b087cf838001a46a98c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | At what level was the public voting in the latter part of the 19th century? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
573227fbe17f3d14004226c9 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | Which party has always elevated minority floor leaders to speakership? | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Democrats"
]
} |
573227fbe17f3d14004226ca | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | Why were republicans upset with Mann? | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"objecting to their private bills on the floor"
]
} |
573227fbe17f3d14004226cb | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | What year did Republicans regain control while Rober Michel was Minority Leader? | {
"answer_start": [
752
],
"text": [
"1994"
]
} |
5a849d1c7cf838001a46a99c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | What have Republicans always elevated their minority floor leader to when obtaining majority status? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849d1c7cf838001a46a99d | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | What pattern have Democrats not always followed? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849d1c7cf838001a46a99e | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | Who did Democrats elect to be speaker in 1903? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849d1c7cf838001a46a99f | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | How many Demcorats were angry with James R. Mann in 1911? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849d1c7cf838001a46a9a0 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | Who was Frederick Gillett a protege of? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
573228afe99e3014001e656a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | What is the leadership structure when party controls house and presidency? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President"
]
} |
573228afe99e3014001e656b | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | Is the Senate or the House more partisan? | {
"answer_start": [
330
],
"text": [
"more partisan nature of the House"
]
} |
573228afe99e3014001e656c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | What minority leaders have played prominenct roles to opposing incumbent president? | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt, Nancy Pelosi, and John Boehner"
]
} |
5a849ee37cf838001a46a9a6 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | What minority leader has run for President? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849ee37cf838001a46a9a7 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | What was Gerald Ford most interested in talking about when campaigning? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849ee37cf838001a46a9a8 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | What office did Nancy Pelosi at one time consider running for? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849ee37cf838001a46a9a9 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | What role does the incumbent President have when Congress is dominated by more than one party? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a849ee37cf838001a46a9aa | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | Why would the President be seen as leader of the opposition? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
573229aab9d445190005e879 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | What influences role of minority leader? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"personality and contextual factors"
]
} |
573229aab9d445190005e87a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | Obligations for minority leader are stated in what document? | {
"answer_start": [
533
],
"text": [
"House rule book."
]
} |
573229aab9d445190005e87b | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | How is the minority leader able to accomplish addition demands and tasks? | {
"answer_start": [
620
],
"text": [
"minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative"
]
} |
5a84a1e47cf838001a46a9ce | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | What are some things the style and role of the White House is influenced by? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a1e47cf838001a46a9cf | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | What obligations are associated with the White House? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a1e47cf838001a46a9d0 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | What kind of staff are provided to work at the White House? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a1e47cf838001a46a9d1 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | What is the role of staff at the White House? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a1e47cf838001a46a9d2 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | What are placed on the instutional role of the White House? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57322dd1b9d445190005e89d | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | How many private calendar objector members does minority leader appoint? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
57322dd1b9d445190005e89e | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | What 2 commissions is the minority leader a member of? | {
"answer_start": [
479
],
"text": [
"House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission"
]
} |
57322dd1b9d445190005e89f | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | Who does minority leader have informal ties with for scheduling house matters? | {
"answer_start": [
757
],
"text": [
"majority party leaders"
]
} |
5a84a37a7cf838001a46a9ec | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | How many institutional functions does the House office Building Commission have? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a37a7cf838001a46a9ed | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | Where can the House Office Building Commission appoint individuals to? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a37a7cf838001a46a9ee | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | How many Members can the House Office Building Commission name to serve as Private Calendar objectors? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a37a7cf838001a46a9ef | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | What other group is overseen by the House Office Building Commission? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a37a7cf838001a46a9f0 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | What is the House Office Building Commission able to convene? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57322fcce17f3d14004226ed | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader chair? | {
"answer_start": [
440
],
"text": [
"Policy Committee"
]
} |
57322fcce17f3d14004226ee | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader head? | {
"answer_start": [
472
],
"text": [
"Steering Committee"
]
} |
57322fcce17f3d14004226ef | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what campaign membership do they have? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee"
]
} |
57322fcce17f3d14004226f0 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what leadership members do they appoint? | {
"answer_start": [
398
],
"text": [
"Democratic Leadership Council"
]
} |
5a84a6117cf838001a46aa08 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | What kind of responsibilities does the Policy Committee have? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a6117cf838001a46aa09 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | Who can the Policy Committee call the meetings of? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a6117cf838001a46aa0a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | What committee does the Policy Committee oversee? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a6117cf838001a46aa0b | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | To what council does the Policy Committee name members to? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a6117cf838001a46aa0c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | Where can the Policy Committee nominate party members to? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
573230f4e17f3d1400422709 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | Who plays an influential role in the formation of party policy? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"A party's floor leader"
]
} |
573230f4e17f3d140042270a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party"
]
} |
573230f4e17f3d140042270b | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | How are floor leaders kept informed of legislative status? | {
"answer_start": [
679
],
"text": [
"contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization"
]
} |
5a84a7ef7cf838001a46aa1c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | What does the whip organization play a role in forming in conjunction with party leaders? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a7ef7cf838001a46aa1d | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | What programs are resisted by the whip organization? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a7ef7cf838001a46aa1e | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | What does the whip organization devise and implement for the party? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a7ef7cf838001a46aa1f | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | What is the whip organization kept constantly informed about? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a7ef7cf838001a46aa20 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | What committees does the whip organization oversee? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57323214b9d445190005e8ad | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | How much concern do minority leaders have for campaigning? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention"
]
} |
57323214b9d445190005e8ae | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | Who establishes leadership PACs? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"Minority leaders"
]
} |
57323214b9d445190005e8af | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | Outside of Washington how much involvement do minority leaders have in campaigns? | {
"answer_start": [
702
],
"text": [
"travel around the country to speak on behalf of party candidates; and they encourage incumbent colleagues to make significant financial contributions"
]
} |
5a84a9327cf838001a46aa26 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | What kind of campaigner is the DCCC? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a9327cf838001a46aa27 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | Who does the DCCC campaign for? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a9327cf838001a46aa28 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | How much does the DCCC focus on campaigning? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a9327cf838001a46aa29 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | What kind of candidates are recruited by the DCCC? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84a9327cf838001a46aa2a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | Why does the DCCC establish leadership PAC's? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57323937e99e3014001e65ac | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | Does minority leader act solely to advance party objectives? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"in consultation with other party colleagues"
]
} |
57323937e99e3014001e65ad | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | Does minority leader always employ same strategy for party objectives? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances"
]
} |
57323937e99e3014001e65ae | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | Does dissension and cohesion of majority party factor into minority strategy? | {
"answer_start": [
525
],
"text": [
"may provide the minority leader with greater opportunities to achieve his or her priorities than if the majority party exhibited high degrees of party cohesion"
]
} |
5a84ac7c7cf838001a46aa30 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | What did majority parties use to advance bills in the 1900's? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84ac7c7cf838001a46aa31 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | What is usually strongly holding the Progressives together? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84ac7c7cf838001a46aa32 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | In what year did Democrats have a majority? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84ac7c7cf838001a46aa33 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | What did Progressives cohesion in 1900 provide for the majority party? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84ac7c7cf838001a46aa34 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | What works better for a majority leader than Republicans being in disarray? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57323be20fdd8d15006c6869 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | What is the purpose of Obstruction? | {
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness"
]
} |
57323be20fdd8d15006c686a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | How can obstruction be employed? | {
"answer_start": [
388
],
"text": [
"motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes"
]
} |
57323be20fdd8d15006c686b | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | Is it safe to employ negative strategy? | {
"answer_start": [
800
],
"text": [
"\"going negative\" carries risks"
]
} |
57323be20fdd8d15006c686c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | What may be a risk negative tactic? | {
"answer_start": [
865
],
"text": [
"if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public"
]
} |
5a84b1cf7cf838001a46aa44 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | Who's attention is attracted when the public forms a negative campaign? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b1cf7cf838001a46aa45 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | What does the majority party do that makes the public want to respond with a negative campaign? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b1cf7cf838001a46aa46 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | What was Gephardt Dilatory accused of being a part of? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b1cf7cf838001a46aa47 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | What is forming policy alternatives also considered to be by the press? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b1cf7cf838001a46aa48 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | What is the public able to do on its own against policies that aren't popular? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57323f88e99e3014001e65c6 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | What important aim of minority leader pertaining to elections? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals"
]
} |
57323f88e99e3014001e65c7 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | How can a minority leader attempt to set some agenda for house? | {
"answer_start": [
472
],
"text": [
"may employ, or threaten to use, discharge petitions to try and bring minority priorities to the floor."
]
} |
57323f88e99e3014001e65c8 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | How many signatures are required on a discharge pertition? | {
"answer_start": [
620
],
"text": [
"218"
]
} |
57323f88e99e3014001e65c9 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | What non party affiliated voters are critical for party to attract in elections? | {
"answer_start": [
264
],
"text": [
"independents and swing voters"
]
} |
5a84b82d7cf838001a46aa56 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | How many Republicans are affiliated with the GOP? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b82d7cf838001a46aa57 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | What agenda has been changed at least 218 times? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b82d7cf838001a46aa58 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | Why do independents and swing voters usually register to vote? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b82d7cf838001a46aa59 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | Where do independents and swing voters hope more votes will come from to their party? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a84b82d7cf838001a46aa5a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | What tactic can swing voters use to get minority priorities voted on? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
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